INDIVIDUAL  RESEARCH REPORTS 

43.

The  cruder  pieces,  belonging  to  Type  I I,  all  have  in  common

the  single-faced  butt  and  parallel  flaking  of  No.5  above,  but  are
larger  and more  clumsily  executed,  some bing  8 cms. 
range  over  a wide  variety  of  forms,  only  some being  arrowheads.  They
represent,  it  would  seem from  their  appearance  in  the  upper  levels,  a
later  degeneration  rather  than  an earlier  stage  of  development.  This,
it  should be stressed  is a provisional  theory.  To this  later  period may
also  be assigned a  large  number  of  grooved  sandstone grinders used
probably  for  smoothing  beads and arrows,

in  length,  and

The  site  of  Bui  can  therefore  be  said,  on  present  evidence,  to

have  known,  since  during  Gamblian  times visits  or  occupation  by  men at
at  least  five  and  possibly  six  different  or  overlapping  periods:-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Palaeolithic
Neolithic

Early  Iron
Middle  Iron
Late  Iron

(Gamblian)
(Microlith  1)
(Pit  period)
(Microlith  II)
(Destruction)
(Reoccupation)

Pebble-chopper
Retouched  microliths
Filled  pit  in  Cat.Mi
Lower  ash  level
Upper  ash  level
Boaten  laterite  floors

2a/
3/
V
5/

The date  of  the  foundation  of  the  Iron  Age  town  may  be  ascertained

if  reliable  evidence  can  be wrung  out  of  the  artifacts  of  the  Early  levels;
its  destruction  can  be  placed  after  the  middle  of  the  18th  Cent.,  and  its
reoccupation,  of  which  the  present  village  is probably  the  continuation,
not  long  afterwards.

S.N  .  York.

TWO  TERMS  IN  THE  INSTITUTE

I  offered  two  seminars  in  the  Institute  during  the  Trinity

Term.  One  of  these was concerned  with  an examination  of  urbanization
processes  in  Africa  generally  and using  Ghana  as a  case study.  Mrs.
Marion  Kiison  who  is carrying  out  researches  on  Ga  Social  O.rganization
was associated  with  me  in  conducting  the  seminar.

I  plan  to  remain  in  Ghana  until  Octobei1 to  do  research on

voluntary  associations  and Churches  as mechanisms  of  social  cohesion
and  cultural  integration  in  the  port  of  Tema,  under  the  sponsorship
of  the  Institute  of  African  Studies.  My  wife,  Dr.  Elizabeth  Drake,

INDIVIDUAL  RESEARCH REPORTS 

AA44 *

a  Sociologist,  and my two  children,  Karl  and  Sandra,  students  of
computer  programming  and social  anthropology,  respectively,  will
assist  in  the  collection  and analysis  of  the  data.

N.  Omaboe  and  llya  Neustadt  published  a social  survey  of  Tema

in  1950,  in  which  more  detailed  studies of  associations were  recommended
During  the  long vacation,  1959,  three  finalists  from  the  Department  of
Sociology,  Messrs Kwame  Arhin,  Colecraft,  and Okyere-Boakye,  did
field-work  on  social  structure  of  an  exploratory  nature.  The  present
study  is designed  to  build  upon  these  earlier  studies.

Concurrent  with  the  fie  d  research,  I plan  to  prepare  a

memorandum  for  use by  the  Institute  on  the  present  status of  research
on  Urbanization  in  Ghana.

St.  Clair  Drake.

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