Green World

AN INDUSTRYWIDE PUBLICATION OF THE NEW JERSEY TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION

Volume 1, Number 1 

February, 1971

Turfgrass Promotion — A Cooperative Effort

By LELAND G. MERRILL, JR.

Dean, College of Agriculture and 

Environmental Science, Rutgers University
Recent award of the Nobel Peace prize to Norman 
Borlaug for promoting the ’'Green Revolution” repre­
sents an event of extreme importance. The award was not 
for genetics—but for peace! Dr. Borlaug developed the 
new miracle wheats, a grass remember, which will move 
us a long way toward feeding our growing world popula­
tions. This accomplishment demonstrates to us an out­
standing example of science and technology in humanity’s 
interest—and we are part of this in the Land Grant tradi­
tion.

For us who follow a closely related scientific field— 
turf grass growing involves very similar techniques. Bor­
laug’s work creates much excitement. We believe our 
scientists and technologists are capable of similar contribu­
tions to the turf industry where improved varieties of 
grass with desired characteristics will add extra vitality 
to what you know to be a large and growing industry. A 
complete systems approach that integrate new varieties, 
improved fertilizer practices, pest control, adaptation of

mechanization; all these melded into an economically 
feasible scheme, is the goal toward which we will strive. 
We are talking of enlarging what has been described as a 
$4 billion a year effort.

Such a goal requires the combined efforts of growers, 
private industry, government research, regulatory agencies, 
and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station of 
your State University. A truly viable cooperative effort 
with these agencies involved, and perhaps others, will 
really pay off. A key to this effort will be cooperation so 
that with major goals in sight, we will be working together.
To illustrate what joint efforts will do, we should look 
at an industry which is perhaps not closely allied, but which 
perhaps points out for us the fruits of cooperation. I refer 
to the tomato processing industry of California. A plan 
was prepared by the interested parties, growers, machinery 
manufacturers, the State University and others, aimed 
squarely at a mechanical harvest scheme. This goal was 
achieved on schedule and you now see large machines har­
vesting acres and acres of tomatoes with minimum labor 
input and maximum mechanical employment. This type 
of operation may not be entirely analogous to the develop­
ments already appearing in the turf industry, but they are 
similar enough to use as a comparative model.

From a university administration standpoint, the pro­
motion of the turf industry through research and educa­
tion represents a part of a larger picture. The whole picture 
is that of improving our environmental quality encom­
passes turf as one of its facets. A whole area of plant grow­
ing from work on shade trees, shrubs, flowering plants, and 
turf grasses is emerging as one of much greater impor­
tance than heretofore recognized. Resources from the State 
and Federal governments and private funds available to us 
have been diverted to apply to these opportunities. Turf 
grass does command a considerable effort from teachers, re­
searchers and extension people. It is conceivable that turf 
may eventually command more attention given the need, 
the resources available and the interest of supporting indus­
try and of the public at large.

On this latter score, the public interest, a whole new 
gamut of consideration is emerging. Consistent with the 
concern for our environmental quality, the turf industry 
itself must ask itself questions which are asked of me.

to what extent does runoff from areas in turfgrass 
contribute to mineral (nitrate) build up in streams and in 
groundwater? What is happening to the metals involved 
in herbicides or fungicidal treatment? Here I speak of ar­

Green World

Vol. 1, February, 1971

senic, cadmium, and mercury. Are horticulturists and agron­
omists who transplant ornamental plants, minting the soil 
or moving off top soil?

This type of question is being asked of all plant 
growing enterprises including food suppliers. We need 
these answers and we will need public support in gaining 
them.

Like all industries, turfgrass offers both problems and 
opportunities. What we will strive to do with you is to 
maximize the opportunities for public service by your 
industry (as well as your profits), by concentrating on 
the problems that exist and anticipate the new problems 
that inevitably "crop up”—a pun—as the industry intensi­
fies and enlarges. And it is inevitable that turfgrass will 
become more important as society demands an increased 
quality of living. You are in a position to contribute fully 
to the improvement of our environment.

Grass Is Really Beautiful

By LEO CLEARY, President 

New Jersey Turfgrass Association

It is perhaps a little out of character for a salesman to 
become president of a Turfgrass Association, and my elec­
tion came with mixed emotions. I was very flattered by 
election to this high office. I am confident that with the 
very fine team of officers and directors, together with the 
cooperative efforts of the members and the Rutgers staff, 
the methods and programs of each individual member can 
improve and prosper.

Before going any further we should think back a bit 
in retrospect and sincerely extend the gratitude of everyone 
to that hard working organizational group—i.e.—Don Mar­
shall, Gene Field, A1 Rathjens, Wiley Miner, Bill Rapp, 
Roy Bossolt, Peter Loft, and yes, at the very beginning, A1 
Caravella, Jack Martin, and Mr. Ed Casey. To Rutgers we 
are grateful for the support of Dean Leland G. Merrill, Jr. 
and Drs. Engel, Indyk, Funk, and Duell. All deserve a 
really sincere thank you.

Much remains to do, and the challenge is to begin 
with a good plan and with great enthusiasm. We, the offi­
cers and directors, ask for your patience. This first year 
will be filled with growing pains. We have an agenda a 
mile long with each item begging to be the initial project. 
Fortunately we have an excellent relationship with the 
Rutgers staff. The Golf Course Superintendents Associa­
tion, the Sod Association, the Highways, Cemetery, Indus­
trial, County, and the Professional Spraymen. Their repre­
sentation and advice will be needed and sought in clearing 
the way to a vast and efficient research and development 
program for all involved.

If you have read this column to the last paragraph, then 
you must have considerable interest in the affairs of the 
Association. Therefore, we earnestly urge you to send to 
us any suggestions you may have for improving—THE 
MOST BEAUTIFUL AND HEALTHIEST CROP IN THE 
STATE.

New Jersey—Pioneer in Sod Certification

By PHILLIP ALAMPI 

New Jersey Secretary of Agriculture

In 1962 New Jersey added yet another program to its 
already impressive list of consumer protection services— 
sod certification.

It was the first state to introduce and develop such a 
service for northern grasses, and it did so primarily because 
of requests from sod growers. The growers wanted to dis­
tribute a high quality sod, but to do so they needed some 
means to enable buyers, who would normally not have the 
knowledge to distinguish between varieties, to have assur­
ance that what they were purchasing was all that the grower 
claimed. Sod certification was the answer.

Three groups independently cooperate in the pro­
gram at present. The New Jersey Department of Agricul­
ture assumes the regulatory and enforcement work and is 
the official certification agency. Rutger’s College of Agri­
culture and Environmental Science is the research and ex­
tension agency. The Cultivated Sod Association of New 
Jersey, the growers of turfgrass, sponsor and voluntarily 
agree to conform to the regulations.

Anyone wishing to participate in the voluntary pro­
gram must make application to the New Jersey Depart­
ment of Agriculture no later than February 1, and even 
earlier if possible. A fee is charged, based upon the acreage 
to be inspected.

The land on which certified sod is produced must have 
been in the production of cultivated crops or in clean fallow 
for at least one growing season preceding the seeding of 
the turf grass for certification. It is advisable to have an 
inspection by the Department of Agriculture before plant-

Phil Alampi

Green World — Vol. 1, February, 1971

ing. It might be well to mention here that not all sod is 
eligible for certification. Only those varieties and mixtures 
approved by the College of Agriculture are acceptable.

Once the seed has been sown, inspections are made 
monthly so that any problems can be detected. These could 
include the presence of other perennial grasses, objection­
able weeds, insects, and diseases. Certification can be with­
drawn at any time sod quality is below standard.

When the sod reaches maturity (approximately a year 
and a half after planting) and is sold, a report is filled out 
giving the date of the sale, the amount sold and a statement 
that the sod meets the standards established by the Depart­
ment of Agriculture. An official blue label, certifying the 
genetic identity and purity of the sod, is then attached to 
the invoice.

A word of caution—there have been instances of sod 
being sold as certified when it wasn’t. The blue label must 
be attached to the invoice to show that the seed is certified.
All reports indicate that the certification program has 
more than met the purpose for which it was designated. 
For example, sod growers are increasingly asking that seed 
lots be approved by the Department before they buy. Also, 
many other states are sending distributors official seed re­
ports which they in turn pass along to Roy Atkinson, seed 
certification chief. Atkinson then determines if the seed 
can be used in New Jersey prior to the sod grower buying 
it.

An indication of the success of New Jersey’s program is 
the fact that 12 states have followed New Jersey’s lead and 
set up comparable programs. In addition, the Association 
of Official Seed Certifying Agencies, which is composed of 
certification officials from the majority of the states, has 
now adopted minimum standards for certified sod which, 
for the most part, are drawn along the guide lines used by 
the Garden State.

Until recently, the main variety of sod planted was 
Merion Kentucky Bluegrass, but many new varieties are 
now on the market, and more are coming out all the time. 
Among them are Fylking, Sodco, Pennstar, and Baron. 
Some are so similar that there would be no way for the pur­
chaser to know what he is getting without the certification 
program.

Among the many groups which benefit from the 
program are landscape architects whose work is frequently 
done on a bid basis. Certified sod is a known quality and 
consequently everyone is bidding on a comparable item. 
Another advantage is the ease of ordering. Before certifica­
tion was adopted as a practice, it was necessary to write out 
detailed instructions as to age, thickness, type etc., whereas 
now it is sufficient to request certified sod.

Although the program is comparatively new, it has 
shown steady growth, and it has set higher standards for 
other sod. In 1968, there were 208 acres of sod eligible for 
certification; in 1969, this had risen to 234; and in 1970, 
the figure is 285. There is every reason to believe that this 
pattern will continue and, as the quality of seed improves 
and sod production expands, the requests for certification 
will increase.

A Seedsman Looks at the
New Jersey Turfgrass Association

By JOHN P. MORRISSEY 

Vice President and General Manager,

Chamberlain Seed Co., Inc.

An Association has long been needed in New Jersey 
to represent the great variety of turfgrass interests. The 
wholesale seed dealers in the State have always felt that 
an Association like ours will help bring out valuable infor­
mation to the public as new varieties, methods, and recom­
mendations are put forth.

As seedsmen, we have always been interested in the 
turfgrass research and development work at Rutgers. We 
are naturally proud of our research men and the results 
they produce. This Association will be a great help to its 
members and to the University in disseminating informa­
tion and ideas to all interested parties as soon as possible.
The seedsmen in New Jersey are honored to be a 
part of The New Jersey Turfgrass Association and sup­
port its endeavor to cope with current and future problems. 
We feel that Rutgers and New Jersey have led the way 
in many areas and should continue to do so in the areas of 
turfgrass research and breeding.

In Praise of Grass

A former Kansas Senator, although not a scientist, 

wrote this very eloquent statement on behalf of grass.

“Grass is the forgiveness of nature—her constant 
benediction. Fields trampled with battle, saturated with 
blood, torn with the ruts of cannon, grow green again with 
grass, and carnage is forgotten. Streets abandoned by traf­
fic become grass-grown like rural lanes, and are obliterated. 
Forests decay, harvests perish, flowers vanish but grass is 
immortal. Beleaguered by the sullen hosts of winter, it with­
draws into the impregnable fortress of its subterranean vi­
tality, and emerges upon the first solicitation of spring. 
Sown by the winds, by wandering birds, propagated by the 
subtle horticulture of the elements which are its ministers 
and servants, it softens the rude outline of the world. Its 
tenacious fibers hold the earth in its place, and prevent 
its soluble components from washing into the wasting sea. 
It invades the solitude of deserts, climbs the inaccessible 
slopes and forbidding pinnacles of mountains, modifies 
climates, and determines the history, character, and destiny 
of nations.” 

John James Ingalls (1833-1900)

A Note From the Editors

We hope you enjoy reading this issue of "Green 
World.” You will receive two more issues in 1971. These 
will be very different from the first. The subject matter 
will be directed largely to technical aspects of turf culture. 
It is our plan to devote 50-60% of the space to research and 
other technical developments at the College of Agriculture 
and Environmental Science of Rutgers University and those 
at other turf research centers. The remainder of the space 
will be used largely for turfgrass developments of our area 
as they interest members of our Association. Please feel 
free to offer suggestions on subject matter at any time.

Green World — Vol. 1, February, 1971

because herbicides have reduced the need to fertilize heav­
ily for suppression of weeds such as clover and buckhorn.

We mow and defoliate turf with too little under­
standing of the grass species reaction. Any type of de­
foliation of the turf is generally considered destructive. 
Is this always true? Species appear to react differently to 
various types of defoliation, and research is needed to tell 
us the safest procedures and methods of encouraging the 
grass that should dominate.

Thatch, the byproduct of aging turf, is considered one 
of the very serious problems. The known alleviates of re­
moval, topdressing, and cultivation are not appealing 
and seem inefficient. The whole problem is complex and 
difficult to study. Pancreas for this problem seem unlikely, 
but more research is most justifiable.

Turfgrass maintenance programs will become more 
sophisticated. They will be designed for very special uses 
and grasses. Hopefully, we can learn to manipulate turf- 
grass monocultures and grow controlled mixtures, for ex­
ample, Kentucky bluegrass and red fescue.

Better trained growers were given major credit in 
growing better turf. Many of these men are self-educated 
and should be awarded honorary Bachelor of Science de­
grees. Currently Rutgers University offers turfgrass in­
struction in graduate study, a 4-year program, a 20-week 
winter course, and annual 3-day turf courses. We would 
like to increase the intensity and specialized nature of 
these courses. This is a necessity when we consider: (1) 
the increasing amounts of homework associated with the 
use of new grasses and chemicals; and (2) the assortment 
of new knowledge on fundamental and applied aspects of 
grass physiology related to mowing, fertilization, water­
ing, and other cultural practices. Research and education 
are key factors for all of us who seek better turf.

Roadsides— Low Intensify Turf

By ROBERT W. DUELL

Soils and Crops Department, Rutgers University

More people are becoming increasingly aware of as­
pects of their environment that are either pleasing or dis­
pleasing, and that could be improved upon. So it is with 
the grass we see. More people are traveling over more 
miles of highway than ever before. The public probably 
sees more grass along roadsides than they see anywhere 
else. Most would agree that this roadside grass could cer­
tainly stand more improvement!

A research project at Rutgers was funded by the 
New Jersey Department of Transportation and the Bureau 
of Public Roads earlier this year to develop grass that 
would better meet the needs of "the complete highway;” 
i.e., to provide utility, safety, economy, and beauty.

Since 1955 tall fescue has been widely used on road­
sides and tends to predominate, at least in the better sites. 
This grass required mowing more frequently than our other 
common grasses. For reasons of economy, most of the steep 
banks on our roadsides are unmowed. When unmowed, 
tall fescue, like red top, ryegrass, orchardgrass, timothy, and

Better Turf Through Research and Teaching

By R. E. ENGEL

College of Agriculture and Environmental Science 

Rutgers University

Perfection in growing turf is our dream, and it is 
close for many. Yet, the really good turf areas of today 
must depend greatly on the hard work, loyalty to duty, and 
knowledge of the turf grower. For these men, the burden of 
work is heavy and the fear of severe turf loss is depressing 
and omnipresent. Our hope for the future is "grow good 
turf with ease,” and research holds the answers to such an 
idealistic but attainable goal.

Where should turfgrass research emphasis be placed? 
A myriad of questions exist and many are very difficult 
to answer. While a wide assortment of research topics 
exist, a major effort should be made to solve the unan­
swered problems of fertilization, mowing, turf failure, 
weed control, etc. Such knowledge, based on what the 
grass needs, would enable us to recognize many abusive 
practices of today. These goals must be reached by funda­
mental and applied research.

The greatest turf improvement of the past 25 years has 
come from the development of herbicides. Weed free turf 
through the use of herbicides is an excellent example of 
what research can do. Yet we still need research on better 
and safer herbicides. It is my belief that much turf fertiliza­
tion is wasted or harmful. While few turf areas are satis­
factory without some fertilization, we must determine 
how to fertilize for definite and assured purposes. Response 
of the grass to fertilizer, ability of the soil to release and 
conserve nutrients, and balance of nutrients must be stud­
ied more precisely and fundamentally than has been done 
to date. A new dimension in fertilization has developed

Green World — Vol. 1, February, 1971

quackgrass, produces tall seedstalks that stand erect for many 
months, and these seedstalks become a major negative 
feature in our landscape.

Mowing along roadsides is hazardous and expensive. 
Even by eliminating the mowing of the steeper banks, the 
cost of mowing grass along New Jersey’s state roads ex­
ceeds 3/4 million dollars annually. Mowing is also a deplet­
ing operation to plant and soil. Particularly where rotary 
mowers are used, nutrients contained in clippings are 
blown from the curb-swath inward. The curb-swath fre­
quently becomes depleted of grass; and weeds or bare 
soil remain. Where good grass grows, weeds that contrib­
ute to pollen pollution of the air, and soil erosion that robs 
our topsoil and fills our waterways . . . are no problem!
At a recent meeting of the Northeastern Weed Sci­
ence Society, a physician specializing in allergies reported 
that roadsides are one of the major contributors of rag­
weed pollen . . . the prime offenders in "hay fever" cases. 
In the state of New York alone, the hay fever sufferers pay 
$5 million annually for treatments to alleviate suffering 
due primarily to pollen produced by unsightly weeds grow­
ing where attractive, soil-retaining grass should be growing.
We are searching for better adapted grasses that are 
compatible in mixtures to serve in various situations. Such 
grasses should have good seedling vigor, resistance to insects 
and diseases, tolerance of low pH, soil moisture and fertil­
ity, and yet have good color for most months of the year. 
Rhizomatous grasses will fill voids created by the failure of 
other seedlings, the removal of weeds, or by the ruts 
caused by the wheels of vehicles cutting into the sod.

While Kentucky bluegrass knits a strong turf it does 
not fare well on our poorer soils. Conversely, the fine fes­
cues, even the many so-called creeping varieties that are 
marketed today, do not form a strong turf though they per­
sist well on poor soils. In preliminary work, we have found 
several fine fescues that spread well by rhizomes. We have 
noted that varieties of certain Kentucky bluegrass and 
fine fescues, when unmowed year after year, present a

rather smooth, uniform, dense, green cover that retards 
weed encroachment and ameliorates the soil for better 
water infiltration and retention. Some varieties produce 
an excessive number of seed stalks that remain conspicu­
ous much of the year.

There appear to be many opportunities to improve 
roadside grasses. We hope to inform you on these periodic­
ally in Green World.

Robert W. Duell

God's Grass Grows Green

By EUGENE A. FIELD

Director, Division of Environmental Science 

Essex County Park Commission

As one of the lower subjects of the plant kingdom, 
grass serves our most recognizable food chains as the prime 
producer. Every ecologist and turf manager worth his pH 
knows that milk comes from grass—not cows.

Grass is big business. To understand its full economic 
impact one has merely to review any number of printed 
fact sheets. To communicate effectively it is mandatory 
that terminology be well defined. Our trusty Funk & 
Wagnalls tells us that "grass" is any plant of a large family 
having rounded and hollow jointed stems; herbage gen­
erally, especially herbaceous plants eaten by grazing ani­
mals. The home gardener usually defines "grass" as a green 
growing mat of plants that requires frequent cutting. The

lawn maintenance contractor looks upon "grass" as a 
marketable product which requires professional care for 
the desired result of optimal quality. There is a small seg­
ment of our society that believes "grass" is something one 
smokes. The same game of local semantics can be played 
with the words "turf," "sod," "lawn," and "soil."

The membership of the New Jersey Turfgrass Asso­
ciation is cognizant of the need for better industry-wide 
communication. The desire for concept appreciation is evi­
dent. Beyond the need for constant upgrading of profes­
sional astuteness is the necessity for public education. 
When the buying public demands a quality product which 
yields high level utility, the industry must respond. To­
day, it is incumbent upon our industry to help the public 
establish the socio-economic demand for more and better 
turf.

The United States Department of Agriculture’s publi­
cation Grass Varieties" lists 660 different grass strains 
and varieties. A number of these grasses are a mainstay of

Green World — Vol. 1, February, 1971

survival for the world’s population. In the United States 
there are over 400 million acres of land where grass is 
growing. Of these, approximately 14 million acres are in 
homegrounds, parks, playgrounds, golf courses, airports, 
cemeteries, and highway green belts. Such basic facts as 
these are indeed sobering. But possibly just as important are 
the less tangible values of grass. We have received reports 
on the noise buffer value of trees. How much occular 
buffering affect does a good looking turf panel have on 
an unsightly building complex? What psychological bene­
fits are accrued to a nursing home whose physical therapy 
program utilizes the lush lawns adjacent to the hospital 
facility? How much more quality grass seed and sod would 
be required by a populace informed of the economics of 
wise selection and timely management? Are we excited 
about the fact that Nature's Offerings are here for Man's 
use? Is the public constantly made aware that a healthy 
turf can delineate, accentuate, and make an otherwise medi­
ocre landscape into a delightful esthetic retreat?

The fundamentals of turf production and management 
are not variable since they are dictated by environmental 
limitations and Nature’s bounty. However, the research and 
development of innovate management practices and the 
application of economically sound maintenance techniques 
don’t just happen. For maximum benefit from the exer­
cise of any art-science, methodology must be applied under 
the watchful eye of the professional practitioner. To be ef­
fective, the skilled artisan must constantly demonstrate an 
awareness of his responsibility as a steward of our environ­
ment. Such an approach guarantees the professional two 
things. The first has to do with survival and the enhance­
ment of our E.Q. (environmental quality). The second has 
a direct bearing on the economics of the industry. The New 
Jersey turfman is keenly aware of his environmental re­
sponsibility and has traditionally rebuffed those, who 
through ignorance or profit motives, would destroy the 
beauty of our landscape.

We have come a long way since the use of sheep to 
contain the growth of grass on our open recreational fields. 
Research and marketing skills have advanced considerably 
since the 1914 advertisement for "Fertilseed,” which was 
an announced combination of supposedly superior grass 
seeds with a fertilizer which was guaranteed to produce 
luxuriant lawns. It is important that turf people advertise 
to the world that they are believers in their chosen field of 
endeavor, that they do care about the world around us, 
that our environment does not have to be fouled and dese ­
crated, that the skies can be blue, and that God’s grass 
should grow green.

Individually and collectively we can effectuate positive 
results. Your New Jersey Turfgrass Association is one im­
portant vehicle to which you can apply your talent, share 
knowledge and experience, and gain personal benefit. 
Turfgrass people today are faced with broad based oppor­
tunities for economic advancement coupled with public 
service. It is fitting that we meet the challenge—the turf­
grass industry is integral with the current pollution solution 
thrust.

Turfgrass Breeding at Rutgers

By C. REED FUNK

Soils and Crops Department, Rutgers University

Rutgers has the distinction of being the first Univer­
sity in the United States to initiate a full-time research proj­
ect specifically devoted to the genetic improvement of turf­
grass. The objectives of this program have been: (1) to 
develop the concepts, procedures and techniques required 
for the efficient genetic improvement of our various 
turfgrass species and (2) to demonstrate their effective­
ness in the development; and release of improved varieties 
and genetic materials.

This project has received financial support from the 
United States Golf Association Green Section, the Culti­
vated Sod Association of New Jersey, the Manhattan Rye­
grass Growers Association and a number of seed com­
panies. In addition, countless individuals in the turf in­
dustry have assisted in the collection of breeding material 
and have given encouragement to the project.

We are currently observing the performance of over 
7,000 solid-seeded turf plots at New Brunswick and over 
70,000 spaced-plants in nurseries at Adelphia. In addition 
to the project leader one technician, William Dickson, and 
two other graduate students, Gerard Pepin and Michael 
Dale, are working on this project.

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)
When the turfgrass breeding project was initiated at 
Rutgers in 1962, the only proven method of bluegrass im­
provement was direct selection of promising plants from 
old turfgrass areas. In fact, all of our presently available 
bluegrass varieties originated in this way.

During 1962 and 1963 thousands of acres of fairways, 
parks, lawns, and pastures were examined. Many turf

C. Reed Funk

Green World — Vol. 1, February, 1971

enthusiasts brought in promising selections. In all, over 
6,000 plants were collected and evaluated. Our studies show 
that an immense range of types of Kentucky bluegrass exist 
throughout the Northeast and that many valuable selec­
tions can be obtained if sufficient effort is expanded. Valu­
able selections such as Bellevue, NJE P-29, and NJE P-57 
have been obtained from this collection. P-29 and P-57 are 
currently being evaluated for seed production and com­
mercial release. Bellevue has been a parent of some of our 
more promising hybrids.

Rutgers has been the first institution to exploit intra­
specific hybridization in the improvement of Kentucky 
bluegrass. Hybridization allows the breeder to recombine 
the best characteristics of two or more parents into one 
plant. Apomictic reproduction allows us to use this plant 
as the foundation of an elite hybrid variety. Dr. Sang Joo 
Han, a Korean scientist who did his graduate work at 
Rutgers, assisted in the development of these hybridiza­
tion procedures. This involved countless nights spent in 
the greenhouse making pollinations at 3 a.m. Mr. Gerard 
Pepin has conducted some excellent cytogenic studies which 
demonstrate that many of the better bluegrass hybrids are 
"triploids” containing all of the chromosomes of the female 
parent and half of the chromosomes of the male parent. 
Mr. Michael Dale has shown that it is also possible to obtain 
hybrids between Kentucky bluegrass and Canada bluegrass 
having turf potential.

Over 7,000 bluegrass hybrids have been produced 
during the past 8 years and are currently being evaluated in 
turf plots. Some of the more promising hybrids, including 
Nassau (P-69), P-84, and P-106, are being increased in 
Western seed producing areas for commercial use. We 
have obtained excellent cooperation from a number of 
seed companies in the testing and increase of our most 
promising materials.

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
Manhattan perennial ryegrass was released by the 
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station in 1967. It 
originated primarily from plants collected from an old 
turf area in Central Park located on Manhattan Island in 
New York City. In addition to the local use of this variety, 
Manhattan is also showing promise for use on athletic fields 
in the cool, moist areas of the Pacific Coast and for over­
seeding Bermudagrass putting greens in the South. Its per­
formance in certain areas of Europe has been of sufficient 
promise that a Dutch firm is currently considering the use 
of Manhattan for sports turf in Europe.

Red Fescue (Festuca rubra)

A number of promising red fescue plants have been 
collected from old turf areas. They are of two very differ­
ent types. Some have the non-creeping or Chewings type 
growth habit similar to Jamestown and Highlight. They 
produce a fine, dense, low-growing, attractive turf with the 
best local selections showing better turf performance than 
any of the commercially available varieties. Other plants 
collected from old turf areas throughout the Northeast are 
of a strong creeping habit with rhizomes which compare 
favorably with our better bluegrass. These strongly creep­

ing types have good seedling vigor, a medium texture and 
show excellent potential for use on roadsides and in mix­
tures with Kentucky bluegrass for lawn type turf.

Bentgrass (Agrostis spp.)

A small number of creeping bentgrass selections are be­
ing evaluated under fairway-type maintenance. Results are 
sufficiently encouraging to suggest that a large scale 
breeding program on this species might be very productive.

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)
Our most promising tall fescue was collected from an 
old horse pasture near Red Bank, New Jersey. It has been 
intercrossed with other local selections and plants obtained 
from plant introduction sources. The progenies are being 
screened for finer, lower-growing, more disease resistant 
types better adapted to turf maintenance. Our present 
types are performing somewhat better than available va­
rieties. However, additional cycles of intercrossing and se­
lection should be made before a variety is released.

Zoysia (Zoysia japonica)

The best available zoysia plants were intercrossed and 
3,000 seedlings evaluated. Types with good winter hardiness 
and rapid spreading characteristics were obtained. Attempts 
to obtain a plant with significantly better fall color re­
tention and good early spring color were disappointing. 
Considerable variation in susceptibility to atrazine herbicide 
was found to exist in different Zoysia selections.

The New Jersey Turfgrass Association can be of great 
help in the continued progress of our turfgrass breeding 
program. We are in continued need of new collections of 
promising selections. We need your help in insuring that 
we develop the varieties of greatest value for the arious 
needs of New Jersey growers. We need your help in de­
veloping the best methods of release, increase, promotion, 
and distribution of our new varieties.

FORGET TO FERTILIZE?

Is your lawn becoming 

Yellow, weedy or thin?
I wonder where you were 

Or where the fertilizer’s been.

Did you choose an organic 

Or inorganic kind?

You’ve heard they sometimes burn,

But that’s really not your line.

You forgot to read the label:

Or don’t remember the type.

Now what will you do—

Your lawn is an awful sight.

To grow pretty turfgrass

It’s best to learn the right time.

To fertilize if you will—

JUST DON’T FORGET THAT LIME.

By Josephine E. Drake 
Drake’s Nursery 
Andover, New Jersey

Green World — Vol. 1, February, 1971

Turfgrass Extension

By HENRY W. INDYK

Extension Specialist in Turfgrass Management 

Rutgers University

The turfgrass industry in New Jersey is character­
ized as dynamic, rapid, growing, and changing. Interest in 
the use of turfgrass for beautification, utility, and recre­
ation has stimulated an unprecedented demand for up-to- 
date information on improved varieties and management 
techniques. An expanding turfgrass research program in 
the breeding and selection of new varieties and various 
aspects of culture and management is proving fruitful 
in generating new and useful knowledge. These facts have 
provided a situation in which the Cooperative Extension 
Service plays a key and expanding role. One of its major 
responsibilities is the dissemination of accumulated and 
newly generated turfgrass information to serve the vari­
ous segments of the turfgrass industry. Equally important 
is the necessity for maintaining a keen sensitivity to new 
problems confronting the turfgrass industry and bring­
ing them to the attention of the turfgrass researchers.

The ever-increasing demand for information coupled 
with the expanded turfgrass research activities is pressur­
ing the existing turfgrass Extension program beyond its 
physical limitations. Although seemingly impossible to 
accomplish with existing resources in personnel and funds, 
every effort possible is being made to continue to serve 
the growing demands and needs of the turfgrass industry 
without any sacrifice in effectiveness.

Fortunately, we are in a position to rely on certain 
basic Extension techniques proven effective in the pro­
duction of other agricultural commodities. However, modi­
fication in methods must be adapted to conform to a new 
situation. The ever-expanding clientele makes flexibility 
imperative in the techniques used to disseminate educa­
tional information. One such technique has been the 
greater dependence upon mass media techniques such as 
publications, newspapers, radio, TV and large meetings or 
conferences as a means of wholesaling information. By this 
means, Extension personnel are able to utilize available 
time more efficiently to serve a large clientele.

Another technique is to work through organized turf­
grass interest groups. This has proven very effective in 
serving the sod producers and golf course superintendents 
who have organizations representing their specific turfgrass 
interests. Unfortunately, every segment of the turfgrass 
industry is not represented by an organization. The forma­
tion of the New Jersey Turfgrass Association will provide 
the opportunity for such interest groups to be represented 
in an organization of mutual and common interests. Per­
haps of even greater significance, it will provide a central 
organization encompassing all specific interests groups of 
the turfgrass industry in New Jersey. Within such an 
organization, there will be provided a means of keeping 
abreast of new developments, a better understanding and 
appreciation of each others problems, and a coordinated ef­

fort in solution of problems. From an Extension standpoint, 
the New Jersey Turfgrass Association with a strong rep­
resentation of each segment of the turfgrass industry will 
result in a closer relationship with the turfgrass industry 
and thereby provide a more effective and efficient means 
of utilizing our Extension resources to serve it for better 
turf in New Jersey.
Turfgrass Disease Research 
at Rutgers

By PHILIP M. HALISKY 

Turfgrass Pathologist, Rutgers University

In New Jersey the economic importance of turf is 
increasing each year commensurate with the building of 
homes, schools, public parks, golf courses, public build­
ings, highways, industrial parks, and airports. Concurrent 
with the expanded culture of turf, including that on sod 
farms, there have come into prominence several major turf 
diseases. These have appeared in both utility (lawn-type) 
turf and in fine (golf-type) turf.

Most turfgrasses are grown under conditions of close 
scrutiny and intensive maintenance. Under such conditions 
grasses are more subject to attack by disease organisms 
than they are in their natural, mixed-stand habitats. Ironic­
ally, the best-cared for lawns are often most prone to dis­
ease attacks. Stress factors that predispose these lush car­
pets of monoculture turf to infection by fungi include 
improper watering, over-fertilization, hot or dry weather, 
compacted soil, improper mowing, and chemical injury. 
Some of these factors may be corrected by adjusting man­
agement practices, but others related to the vicissitudes of 
the weather are beyond the scope of management manipu- 
lation.

Recent research in turfgrass diseases at Rutgers has em­
phasized the biology and control of turfgrass fungi. The 
diseases studied were: (a) Leaf spot and melting-out of 
Kentucky bluegrass; (b) fading-out of 1/4-inch bentgrass; 
(c) fairy rings caused by mushrooms and puffballs; (d) 
copper spot in l/4-inch bentgrass; and (e) stripe smut in 
Kentucky bluegrass. These diseases are caused by soil-borne 
fungi.

Other studies at Rutgers have shown recently that cer­
tain grass cultivars, especially the bentgrasses, are sensitive 
to air pollutants including ozone and sulfur dioxide. In 
contrast, Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia) and bermudagrass 
are highly resistant or immune to these pollutants.

In addition to basic research in the biology and con­
trol of turfgrass diseases, turfgrass pathology is, of neces­
sity, a mission-oriented field of endeavor. People-oriented 
aspects include participation in short courses, field days, 
seminars, lectures, and meetings related to turf production. 
Service activities include cooperation with other research 
personnel in the diagnosis and control of various disease 
problems that inevitably appear in any turf research pro­
gram.

Turfgrass Research Assistance Given to the 
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station 

of Rutgers University in 1970

Financial Support

J. and L. Adikes, Inc._______________________________________ Turfgrass Breeding
E. F. Burlingham and Sons__________________________________ Turfgrass Breeding
E. I. Dupont de Nemours and Co-----------------------------------------------Plant Diseases
Fisons Corporation___________________________________________ Herbicide and Growth Control
Golf Course Supts. of America_______________________________Annual Bluegrass Control
Jacklin Seed Company, Inc--------------------------------------------------------- Turfgrass Breeding
Lofts Pedigreed Seed, Inc------------------------------------------------------------ Unrestricted
3M Company________________________________________________Growth Control
Mallinckrodt Chemical Works________________________________ Herbicide and Growth Control
Manhattan Ryegrass Growers Assoc._________________________Turfgrass Breeding
Rhodia Inc., Chipman Division_______________________________Herbicide
Turf-Seed, Inc_______________________________________________ Turfgrass Breeding
US Golf Assoc. Green Section_______________________________ Turfgrass Breeding

Materials and Equipment Supplied for Turfgrass Research

J. and L. Adikes, Inc------------------------------------------------------------------ Seed
Agrico Chemical Company__________________________________ Fertilizer
Chanderlain Seed (Loft) Company------------------------------------------------ Seed
W. A. Cleary Corp__________________________________________ Fungicides and Herbicides
DeVries Landscape__________________________________________ Use of  Hydroseeder
E. I. Dupont de Nemours and Co.___________________________Fertilizer
Fertl-Soil Company__________________________________________ Topdressing
Hahn West Point____________________________________________Vertical Mower
Jacklin Seed Company, Inc---------------------------------------------------------Seed
Milwaukee Sewerage Commission___________________________ Fertilizer
Northrup, King and Company_______________________________Seed
The Terre Company_________________________________________ Seed
Western Farmers Association________________________________ Seed

Land and Turfgrass Maintenance Assistance in New Jersey

Forsgate Country Club 
Linwood Country Club 
Mercer Sod 
Middlesex County Parks 

Princeton Turf Farms, Inc.
Rapp Instant Lawn
Reed Sod Farm
Wide Sky Farm

Out-of-State Tests and Observation Plantings (not including universities, etc.)

E. F. Burlingham and Sons
Cal-Turf, Inc.
Eastside Nursery
Farmers Forage Research Cooperative 
Gebr. van Engelen 
Jonathan Green and Sons, Inc. 
Jacklin Seed Company, Inc.
Jacobsen Bros. Turf Farms 
The Lawn Institute 
Los Angeles Arboretum

N.  V. H. Mommersteegs
Northrup, King and Company
Plant Breeding Institution, Wiebullshom, Sweden 
Princeton Turf Farms, Centerville, Maryland 
Rudy-Patrick Seed
O.  M. Scott and Sons
Turf Seed, Inc.
D. J. von der Have NV
Western Farmers Association
Zwaan and de Wiljex Limited

NEW JERSEY TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION 

CHARTER MEMBERS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1970

AGWAY, INC.
Box 1333
Syracuse, New York
ALGER, RICHARD W.
Stony Ford Golf Course 
Montgomery, New York
ALLAN, FREDERICK J. 
Seabright Lawn & Tennis Club 
Rumson, N. J.
ANDREW WILSON, INC.
975 Ball Avenue 
Union, N. J.
ANGIULO, PAT
The Espoma Company 
Millville, N. J.
APGAR, RICHARD C.
USS Agri-Chemicals 
Windsor, N. J.
APPLEBY, RICHARD 
A-L Services 
Morris Plains, N. J.
AQUATROLS CORP.

OF AMERICA

2500 Broadway
Camden, N. J.
ATKINSON, ROBERT E.
Blair Academy Golf Course 
Blairstown, N. J.
ATKINSON, ROY M.
N. J. Department of Agriculture 
Trenton, N. J.
AUTO LAWN OF 

MONMOUTH SHORES

P. O. Box 290
Red Bank, N. J.
BAJEK, MICHAEL
38 Jermiah Avenue
Trenton, N. J.
BAKER, IRVIN
Seacoast Laboratories, Inc.
East Brunswick, N. J.
BARLOW, STEPHEN H.
Steve Barlow Landscaping 
Spring Lake, N. J.
BEAKLEY, DAVID H. 
Blackwood Country Club 
Blackwood, N. J.
BECKER, ARTHUR 
Becker Hardware 
Red Bank, N. J.
BERNABE, ANGELO V. 
Somerset County Park Comm. 
Somerville, N. J.
BETH ISRAEL 

CEMETERY ASSO.

Route 1
Red Bank, N. J.

BEWKO, GARY M.
Beth Israel Cemetery Association 
Red Bank, N. J.

CERLIONE, JOSEPH 
Cerlione’s Greenhouses 
Holmdel, N. J.

BIANCO, JOSEPH A.
240 Hamlin Road 
North Brunswick, N. J.

BI-FANO, ANTHONY S.
Mt. Ridge Country Club 
West Caldwell, N. J.
BLOODGOOD, JENNIE 
State Department of Agriculture 
Trenton, N. J.

BOCCHINO, ROBERT 
Echo Lake Country Club 
Westfield, N. J.

BOGART, LEE
Auto Lawn of America 
Wickatunk, N. J.

BOIZELLE, PAUL
Navesink Country Club 
Middletown, N. J.

BOSSOLT, ROY
The Terre Company 
Saddle Brook, N. J.

BOWERS, WILLIAM 
Clearmount Avenue 
Denville, N. J.

BRAATZ, CLAYTON O. 
Fairmount Cemetery Association 
Newark, N. J.

BRAHAM, JAMES E. 
Swedesboro Golf Club 
Swedesboro, N. J.

BRIGHTBALL, MARGARET 
N. J. State

Department of Agriculture

BROGAN, D. A.
Agrico Chemical Company 
Carteret, N. J.
BRUNI, NICK
Delaware Valley Spray Service 
Wrightstown, N. J.
BUCHEN, R. TERRY 
Playboy Resort East 
McAfee, N. J.
CACKOWSKI, JOSEPH 
Wonder Lawn 
Jersey City, N. J.
CARAVELLA, ALFRED 
Echo Lake Country Club 
Westfield, N. J.
CAWLEY, JOHN
Hillman Golf Land 
East Paterson, N. J.

CERRACHIO, VINCENT J.
V.  Cerrachio Landscape 
Union, N. J.
CHESSION, H. W.
Old Chester Road 
Gladstone, N. J.

CHERRY, GEORGE D. 
Landscape Maintenance 
Pennington, N. J.

CLEARY LEO
W.  A. Cleary Corporation 
New Brunswick, N. J.

CROTHERS, GARY N.
The Apawamis Club 
Rye, New York

CROTHERS, GEORGE R. 
Edison National Historic Site 
Orange, N. J.

CURTIS, JOHN H.
West Side Gardens 
Washington, New Jersey

DAINO, JOSEPH
Rutgers Physical Plant 
New Brunswick, N. J.

DESCHAMPS, PAUL 
Storr Tractor Company 
Westfield, N. J.
DICKISON, ROBERT A. 
Upper Montclair Golf Club 
Clifton, N. J.
DIXON, GEORGE L.
Fertl-Soil Company 
Rahway, N. J.
DRAKE, PAUL E.
Drakes Nursery 
Andover, N. J.
DUELL, DR. ROBERT 
Rutgers College of Agriculture 
New Brunswick, N. J.

EATON, BERNARD V. 
Grange Lawn Tennis Club 
South Orange, N. J.
ECKART, ALVAH 
Golden Pheasant Golf Club 
Medford, N. J.
EDGAR, ALEXANDER 
Washington Golf Club 
Washington, N. J.
EDGAR CHARLES E.
438 Mt. Pleasant Ave.
W. Orange, N. J.

EKESON, ALFRED 
Elanco Products Company 
Fairfield, N. J.
ELMERS, ARTHUR 
Preakness Hills Country Club 
Wayne, N. J.
ENGEL, DR. RALPH 
Rutgers College of Agriculture 
New Brunswick, N. J.
EVANGELISTI, JAMES 
Woodcrest Country Club 
Haddonfield, N. J.
FARMERS CO-OPERATIVE 

ASSOCIATION

550 West Ingham Ave. 
Trenton, N. J.
FERRIS, EUGENE 
Chamberlain & Barclay 
Cranbury, N. J.
FEURY, WILLIAM 
The Terre Company 
Saddle Brook, N. J.
FIELD EUGENE
Essex County Park Commission 
Newark, N. J.
FIERTH, JAMES W.
Plant Food Chemical Company 
Cranbury, N. J.

FLAHERTY, JOSEPH E. 
Manasquan River Golf Club 
Briele, N. J.
FLAHERTY, JOSEPH R. 
Baltusrol Golf Club 
Springfield, N. J.
FOSTER, ALBERT H. 
Hackensack Golf Club 
Oradel, N. J.
FRAME, CHARLES D.
29 Sweetbriar Lane 
Holmdel, N. J.
FRANCIS, RICHARD L. 
Montclair Golf Club 
West Orange, N. J.
FUNK, DR. C. REED, JR. 
Rutgers College of Agriculture 
New Brunswick, N. J.
GARFIELD, WILLIAMSON, 

INC.

1072-74 Westside Ave.
Jersey City, N. J.
GARVEY, JOHN J.
509 Fairview Avenue 
Orange, N. J.
GAUER, GEORGE W.
Auto Lawn, Inc.
Wickatunk, N. J.

GIALANELLA, THOMAS 
Restland Memorial Park 
Hanover, N. J.
GILLIGAN, JAMES F.
The Bedens Brook Club 
Skillman, N. J.
GREEN, BARRY K.
Jonathan Green & Sons, Inc. 
Kearny, N. J.
GREEN, GAIL ANN 
Jonathan Green & Sons, Inc. 
Kearny, N. J.
GREEN, GORDON
Primex Garden Center 
Glenside, Pennsylvania

GREEN, JACK SR.
Jonathan Green & Sons, Inc. 
Kearney, N. J.
GREGORY, KENNETH S. 
Paramus Shade Tree Commission 
Paramus, N. J.
HAMNIGHT THEODORE 
Union County Park Commission 
Elizabeth, N. J.
HANDWERG, JOHN JR.
Park Val Golf Club 
Rivervale, N. J.
HANIFIN, JOHN D.
Jumping Brook Country Club 
Neptune, N. J.
HOFFMAN, CHARLES F. 
Arcadis Landscape Co.
Mahwah, N. J.
HOLLAND, WILLIAM R., JR. 
L.A.M. Chemical Equipment 
Mineola, New York
HUNTER, ALAN C.
Storr Tractor 
Westfield, N. J.
INDYK, DR. HENRY 
Rutgers College of Agriculture 
New Brunswick, N. J.
JANDA, EDWARD 
Golf Farm 
Gibbsboro, N. J.
JARCADIPANE, ROBERT 
Wayne Parks & Recreation 
Wayne, N. J.
JARVIS, PERCY 
Weequahic Park Golf Course 
Newark, N. J.
JOHNSON, RICHARD R. 
Borden Chemical Co.
Berlin, N. J.
JONES, HARVEY E., JR. 
Ramblewood Country Club 
Moorestown, N. J.
JONES, JOSEPH J.
Ramblewood Country Club 
Moorestown, N. J.

KARABA, FRANK
Union County Park Commission 
Plainfield, N. J. (Golf Course)
KASSARDY, MICHAEL R. 
Seashore Nurseries &
Landscape Service 
Beach Haven, N. J.
Kerr, Cecil F.
Rhodia, Inc.—Chipman Division 
New Brunswick, N. J.
KLING, ROBERT J.
Town of Westfield 
Westfield, N. J.
KLINSKY, ESTELLE 
Old Wagon Farm 
Holmdel, N. J.
KURTZE, ROBERT
The Terre Company
Saddle Brook, N. J.
LEON’S SOD FARM 
R. D. 1
Frenchtown, N. J.
LEVARI, NICHOLAS 
Latona Country Club 
Buena, N. J.
LIBRETTO, RAYMOND 
Garden State Lawn Service 
Freehold, N. J.
LOFT, PETER
Loft-Pedigreed Seed Co.
Bound Brook, N. J.
LOWERY, ROBERT J.
Somerset County

Park Commission 
East Millstone, N. J.
LUCISANO, FILLIPPO 
Round Hill Club 
Port Chester, New York
MARBERGER, WM. R. JR. 
Lawn & Golf

Supply Company, Inc. 

Phoenixville, Pa.
MARSHALL, DON
Montclair Golf Club 
Montclair, N. J.
MAJOR, J.
Major’s Landscaping Service 
Vauxhall, N. J.
McDowell, r. j.
Landscaper
Allendale, N. J.
MERCER CONTRACTING CO.

OF TRENTON 

Domnick T. Cacavio, President 
Trenton, N. J.
METRO-MILORGANITE, INC. 
Box 267
Hawthorne, New York

MILLETT, GEORGE E.
Hawroth Garden Shop 
Haworth, N. J.

MILLER, ROBERT T.
Industry & Biochemical Dept. 
Wilmington, Delaware

MINER, WILEY
Princeton Turf Farms 
Hightstown, N. J.

MISUK, CHARLES K.
Hercules, Inc.
Chestnut Hill, Mass.
MITCHELL, RONALD B. 
Lawn-A-Mat of Orangetown, Inc. 
Spring Valley, New York

MOHR, DON
Monmouth County 
Extension Service

Freehold, N. J.

MONROE, CARL M.
St. Joseph Place 
Butler, N. J.

MONTECALVO, JACK 
Willingboro Country Club 
Willingboro, N. J.
MOORE. ROBERT A.
Fox Rivr Rd.
Sewell, N. J.

MOORE, SHERWOOD A. 
Woodway Country Club 
Darien, Connecticut

MORRISEY, JOHN P. 
Chanderlin Seed Company 
Bound Brook, N. J.

MUSKIVITCH, WM. EARL 
Saddle River Golf &

Country Club 
Paramus, N. J.
NEUBERGER, ALBERT 
Mercer County Extension Service 
Trenton, N. J.
NEULAND, CARL
Woodbury Country Club 
Woodbury, N. J.
NICKLESEN, EDWARD C. 
Montclair Golf Club 
Montclair, N. J.
O’ROURKE, WILLIAM J. 
Sayreville Board of Education 
Sayreville, N. J.
O’SHEA, C. M.
Head Forester
New York City, New York
PEIGLEBECK, WILLIAM 
Reed & Perrine, Inc.
Tenment, N. J.
PERRY, WAYNE N.
384 Wilson Ave.
New Monmouth, N. J.
PIERSON’S MILL COMPANY 
697 Valley St.
Maplewood, N. J.

POI-SAY, JOHN E.
J.E.P. Sales, Inc.
Yardville, N. J.
POLLISTER, ALBERT 
Bernardsville Board of Education 
Bernardsville, N. J.
PURDY, HAL
Purdy Golf Course Architect 
Livingston, N. J.
RADKO, A. M.
U. S. Golf Association 
Highland Park, N. J.
RANDOLPH, M. H.
Matawan Regional School 
Matawan, N. J.
RAPP, WILLIAM D.
Rapp Farms 
Farmingdale, N. J.
RATHJENS, ALFRED 
Raritan Valley Country Club 
Somerville, N. J.
REICH, CHARLES 
Landscaper
Roselle, N. J.
RICHARD C. FRY 

LANDSCAPING, INC.

366 Harristown Rd.
Glen Rock, N. J.
RIDINGER, CHARLES W. 
Prolawn Spray Service, Inc. 
Bronxville, N. J.
ROBERTS, EDWARD 
Canoe Brook Country Club 
Summit, N. J.
ROGERS, FREDERICK 
Holiday Lake Country Club 
Montague, N. J.

ROTHSCHILD, JOSEPH 
Essex County Park Commission 
Newark, N. J.
RUDOLPH, STEPHEN E. 
Pitman Country Club 
Pitman, N. J.
RUSSELL, ROBERT A.
J & L Adikes, Inc.
Jamaica, New York
RUMBO, ALFRED J., JR. 
Lawn-A-Mat of Pascock Valley 
Hillsdale, N. J.
SANDFORD, HARRY 
9 Gilmore Rd.
Trenton, N. J.
SANDLER, JOSEPH J. 
Lawn-A-Mat of Wayne 
Wayne, N. J.
SANDLER, MARC L. 
Lawn-A-Mat of Clifton 
Passaic, N. J.
SARTORETTO, POUL 
W. A. Cleary Corporation 
New Brunswick, N. J.

SCHAAFSMA, A. E.
Plant Food Chemical Company 
Cranbury, N. J.
SCHAEFFER, ROBERT T.
Turf Specialist 
Stamford, Connecticut
SCHOEN, JOSEPH HARPER 
Springdale Golf Course 
Princeton, N. J.
SCHWARZ, JOSEPH G 
Pascack Distributors 
Hillsdale, N. J.
SEIDENBERG, HOWARD 
5 Evergreen Terrace 
Spotswood, N. J.

SMITH, RICHARD K.
Golden Pheasant Golf Club 
Medford, N. J.
SNYDER, CHARLES A.
Wayne Township

Department of Parks & Rec. 

Wayne, N. J.
SPANG, JOSEPH A.
Rutgers University Golf Course 
New Brunswick, N. J.

STANFORD SEED COMPANY 
Box 230
Plymouth Meeting, Penna.
STARK, JOHN
Chamberlain & Barclay 
Cranbury, N. J.
STARKOWSKY, WALTER R.
Landscaper
Roselle, N. J.
SWEENEY, ALVIN M.
Sweeney Seed Company 
Radnor, Pa.

TANTUM, CHARLES W. 
Shackamaxon Country Club 
Westfield, N. J.
TORRES, WILLIAM C.
Auto-Lawn of Hazlet-Middletown 
Middletown, N. J.

TOSCO, JAMES
Fertl-Soil Company
Rahway, N. J.

TUCCIARONE, PHILLIP J.
522 W. Main St.
Stamford, Connecticut

TOWN OF WESTFIELD 
Westfield, N. J.
TUCK, JOHN T., SR.
Jumping Brook Country Club 
Neptune, N. J.
UNION COUNTY 

PARK COMMISSION

P.  O. Box 275
Elizabeth, N. J.

UNITED LANDSCAPE 

CONTRACTING ASSOC.

Belle Mead, N. J.
VANKOLL, LEO L.
Standford Seed Co.

of Phila., Inc.

Plymouth Meeting, Pa.

VAN HORST, JOHN R. 
Borough of Tenafly

Superintendent of Parks 

Tenafly, N. J.

W. B. SAUL HIGH SCHOOL 
OF AGRICULTURE & SCI.

7100 Henry Avenue 
Philadelphia, Pa.

WIGHTMAN, WAYNE 
Agway Seed Division 
Bordentown, N. J.
WILEY, ROBERT H.
Fertl-Soil Company 
Rahway, N. J.
WILSON, CHARLES G. 
Milwaukee Sewerage Commission 
Milwaukee, Wis.

WILSON, JAMES E.
Route 416
Campbell Hall, New York

WILVER, MARSHLL 
Rutgers University 
New Brunswick, N. J.

WOOD, JOHN P.
Woods Golf Center, Inc. 
Norristown, Pa.

WOUCIK, MARTIN 
570 Colonial Blvd.
Westwood, N. J.

ZIMICH, THOMAS
Newton Country Club 
Newton, N. J.

GREEN WORLD

A publication of the New Jersey Turfgrass Association 

105 Clifton Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07104 

Editor — Gene Field 

Contributing Editor — Ralph E. Engel

The New Jersey Turfgrass Association 

Leo Cleary, President 

Don Marshall, Vice President 

Wiley Miner, Treasurer 
Eugene Field, Secretary