Green World

AN INDUSTRYWIDE PUBLICATION OF THE NEW JERSEY TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION

Volume 6. Number 2 

ROUNDUP New
Knockdown Herbicide
John A. Meade, Extension 
Specialist in Weed Science,
Cook College, Rutgers University

Leaf Spot And Melting-Out 
Of Kentucky Bluegrass Turf

Philip M. Halisky and C. Reed Funk, Professors, 
Cook College, Rutgers University

Spring 1976

Monsanto has developed 
glyphosate, a new herbicide for 
broad spectrum control of weeds. It 
is being sold under the trade name, 
ROUNDUP. This herbicide is ac­
tive only as a postemergence treat­
ment; that is, it must be applied to 
plant foliage to be effective. It is not 
active in the soil and hence doesn’t 
control weed seeds.

ROUNDUP has a low order of 
toxicity and is safe to use. There is a 
chance of eye irritation so goggles 
should be worn when mixing or 
spraying ROUNDUP.

It is presently labeled for nonagri- 
cultural uses such as railroad, pipe­
line, and similar rights-of-way; also 
for fences, industrial plant sites, 
parks, golf courses, and other public 
areas.

Its agricultural label is limited to 
treatments on nonbearing deci­
duous fruit, small grains, corn, and 
soybeans.

The major advantages of ROUN­
DUP are its low toxicity, effective 
control of annual and perennial 
weeds (including vines) and no resi­
dual activity in the soil.

SOD RENOVATION

While not specifically labeled for 
sod renovation, research indicates 
that it will be very useful. The 
herbicide was applied at the rate 
needed to control the weed species 
present. This varies from 1 lb./A 
acid equivalent for young annuals 
to 3 lb./A acid equivalent for hard- 
to-control brush. The injury 
symptoms show in two to three days 
for young annuals and seven to 10 
days for perennials. There should be 
an interval of one week between 
application and tillage of the soil. 
This allows time for the chemical to 
translocate into the underground 
root stocks and effect more perman­
ent kill. Since there is no effective 
residual control, the area can be 
reseeded immediately.

(Please turn to pg. 6)

Leaf spot and melting-out caused 
by Helminthosporium vagans is a 
destructive disease of Kentucky 
bluegrass turf throughout the 
Northeast. More than 45 years have 
elapsed sance Charles Drechsler of 
the U.S. Department of Agriculture 
first described the Helminthospor­
ium disease of Kentucky bluegrass 
in 1930.

SYMPTOMS

There are two stages of disease 
development in Kentucky blueg­
rass; first comes leaf spotting fol­
lowed later by crown-and-root rot­
ting. On the leaves the disease first 
appears as small, water-soaked spots 
that enlarge into dark, purplish-red 
lesions one-fourth to three-eighths 
an inch long. As the infected areas 
enlarge, the color of the center 
changes to brown and finally to a 
straw color (Fig. 1).

Although any area of the leaf 
may become “spotted,” infection is 
usually most damaging on the

sheath. Large, irregular lesions ap­
pear on the sheath that girdles the 
leaf and cause it to drop, resulting in 
defoliation of the turf. Occurring 
along with leaf infection is an inva­
sion by the fungus of the crowns, 
roots, and rhizomes. The disease in 
these tissues is a rot, appearing at 
first as a reddish-brown decay and 
finally turning dark brown to black 
with severe root pruning. Such 
plants often wilt under soil moisture 
conditions that would normally 
seem adequate for growth.

When Drechsler originally 
described the disease he referred to 
both the “leaf spot” and the “foot 
rot” phases as part of the disease 
syndrome. In New Jersey Helminth­
osporium vagans produces dark, 
purplish-red lesions on bluegrass 
leaves throughout the year. Foot rot, 
on the other hand, develops primar­
ily during the cool, moist, cloudy 
weather of late spring. During this

(Please turn to pg. 3)

Figure 1. Kentucky bluegrass leaves showing Helminthosporium leaf spots with dark borders 

and light-colored centers.

Comments and Opinions

IT’S AN ILL WIND THAT BLOWS NO GOOD

The frustrations of research are too much for some research personnel 
and turfgrowers who observe turf studies. Like others, I try to forget the 
dead ends that are part of the game in research. One of the dead ends was 
several trial studies with gibberellic acid (a common name for a group of 
naturally occurring plant growth regulators called gibberellins).
When this chemical became available to research, I believed, with 
others, that it might be the “missing link” in speeding growth of some of the 
slower-growing grasses. It was disgusting to find that zoysia, our slowest 
growing grass, made the least response.
Gibberellic acid has found no place to hasten establishment of 
turfgrasses. Yet, Dr. A. E. Dudeck, University of Florida, has uncovered an 
entirely different kind of use for this chemical. The following statements by 
Dr. Harry Myers, Extension turf specialist, are part of his summary on Dr. 
Dudeck’s work:

“Gibberellic acid should prove very useful on golf courses in 
areas where winter temperatures are usually too high to justify 
the expense of overseeding but occasionally too cool for good 
bermudagrass growth and color. Gibberellic acid can be used 
under these conditions to effectively stimulate growth and 
maintain color.
“The material is NOT a substitute for overseeding where 
such practice is necessitated due to continued bermudagrass 
dormancy and/or brown-off caused by extended cold weather.
Cold temperature counteracting effects of gibberellic acid are 
based on its known ability to increase amylolytic enzyme activity 
and subsequent starch breakdown.”
Excessive starch collection in some tissues is theorized as a cause of 
cold injury in one of the tropical grasses. They stress the importance of 
timing with gibberellic acid as follows:

“For best results and where previous application has not been 
made then apply as close as possible to beginning of forecast cold 
spell (six to 24 hours). Earlier application time may cause 
excessive growth. NOTE — Growth enhancement effects last for 
approximately one week at the low application rate and two 
weeks at the high rate. DO NOT use on dormant turf. Gibberellic 
acid will not help or change already dormant turf. DO NOT 
apply during extended warm periods where night temperatures 
exceed 65°F. since excessive bermudagrass growth and/or 
thinning may occur.”
Whether gibberellic acid is ever used on “Yankee” grasses or finds a 
big place in the South, this study shows that one of the satisfactions of 
research is surprise. Of course, turfgrowers will accept the surprise benefits 
as well as those that come deductively and logically.

— R.E.E.

OFFICERS OF THE N.J.T.A. 

Bert Jones 
President

Paul Boizelle
Vice President
Ralph Engel
Secretary and 
Consulting Editor
William Ritchie

Treasurer

EXECUTIVE BOARD 

Roy Bossolt 
Dave Buchholz 
Frank Cacavio 

Fred Eden 
Edgar Krause
Chuck Wilson 
Jack Wittpenn

SUSTAINING MEMBERS

The N.J.T.A. again expresses its 
appreciation for the support of its 
sustaining members.
The complete 1976 list of these 
much-esteemed friends is being 
prepared for publication in our Fall 
issue.

Green World is published three times a year 
by the New Jersey Turfgrass Association, 
P.O. Box 231, New Brunswick, N.J. 08903. 
Ralph Engel, consulting editor: Russell Stan­
ton, managing editor. Please Address inquir­
ies concerning advertising to Jack Wittpenn, 
advertising director, Box 809, W. Caldwell, 
N.J. 07006. (575-1322)

MOTHER NATURE

Some of us have begun to 
suspect that there may be no place 
to hide from carcinogens. More and 
more useful additives, pesticides 
and synthetic foods have been 
tagged by government researchers 
as being potential cancer producers. 
Now a scientist says that the com­
post heap — the darling of the 
natural food buffs — contains poly­
phenols, a chemical believed to be a 
cancer trigger.

Prof. Russell S. Adams Jr. of the 
University of Minnesota says it’s 
hard and expensive to carry out 
research to determine how much 
“natural” polyphenols are trans­
ferred from the soil to the edible 
portions of plants. But think of the 
difficulty now of trying to weigh the 
cancer-producing factors contribut­
ed to food by pesticides, for in­
stance, against whatever carcinogen 
is naturally present in the organic 
plant.

We still don't know enough about 
the foreign stuff that we gulp, chew 
and inhale every day. But when that 
old reliable humus pile becomes 
suspect, too, we can begin to wonder 
whether Mother Nature hasn’t out­
flanked the Food and Drug Act.

As Prof. Adams puts it, if the law 
were applied to natural substances, 
no foodstuff could be legally sold.

-Standard-Star, 
New Rochelle, N.Y.

SORRY WE GOOFED

We trust that editorial errors do 
not cause confusion. For- those who 
see errors, we would like to correct 
two that occurred in the Winter, 
1976 issue.

On Page 1, the caption under the 
Hall of Fame picture should read 
James Smith. Sr. rather than James 
Smith. Jr. We dislike taking anyth­
ing away from James Smith, Jr., but 
he has not seen enough ‘Turfgrass 
winters” according to regulations.

The second error that we wish to 
correct is the heading on Page 2 
under “Comments and Opinions.” 
This should read Use More Certi­
fied Sod. Although some seed 
dealers would like more use of certi­
fied seed, our plea concerned those 
who want and need more assurance 
of quality sod.

(Leaf Spot from Page 1) 
time severe infection of crowns, 
roots, and rhizomes often leads to 
extensive thinning-out or melting- 
out of bluegrass stands (Fig. 2).

DISEASE CYCLE 

Generally, the Helminthospor-
iums are considered to be the worst 
enemies of turfgrasses. These fungi 
are particularly well adapted for 
rapid production of large quantities 
of spores that are propelled by air 
currents (Fig. 3). After wind disse­
mination occurs, each spore can 
germinate by two or more germ 
tubes which can penetrate grass 
leaves to produce new infections. 
Since each germ tube can initiate a 
single infection each spore consti­
tutes a “double threat,” having the 
potential for two or more infections. 
When temperature and moisture 
conditions are favorable, the disease 
spreads rapidly from plant to plant. 
Following the initial infection of the 
leaves the fungi often progress 
downward into the grass crown and 
destroy the basal grass tillers, result­
ing in crown rot, root rot, and 
ultimately thinning-out or melting- 
out of the turf. In addition to wind 
dissemination, these fungi can also 
be seed-borne.

OVER-WINTERING 

From a perennial standpoint, the
Helminthosporiums survive the 
winter months in the mat or thatch 
layer of turf. What makes these 
fungi especially difficult to control is 
their ability to survive saprophyti- 
cally in the absence of a living plant. 
It has been shown that under labor­
atory conditions these fungi can live 
in culture for 15 years and still 
retain their infective potential. In 
nature they survive in decaying or­
ganic matter, in soil, or on plant 
debris such as found in the thatch 
layer.

In the spring, spores are produced 
which are carried up onto leaves by 
splashing water or wind. These 
spores germinate and infect the 
leaves. From these infected areas 
new spores are produced which are, 
in turn, spread to new leaf parts and 
neighboring plants. Old leaves are 
more susceptible than young ones. 
With the arrival of the warm, relati­
vely dry summer months, the fungus 
is restricted primarily to the crowns 
and roots of diseased plants. 
However, if cool, wet weather 
returns, the disease can break out on 
the leaves again (Fig. 4).

SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT
Under New Jersey conditions, 
Helminthosporium vagans initiates 
leaf-spot infections during the ad­
vent of cool, moist, cloudy weather 
in October and November. Large 
numbers of spores are produced 
during the late fall, winter and 
spring months. Highly susceptible

Figure 2. Melting-out of Park Kentucky bluegrass due to crown-rot and root-rot caused by 

Helminthosporium vagans. (See Table 1 for a list of resistant varieties.)

varieties frequently become nearly 
100 percent brown from disease by 
early March. Subsequent spring 
regrowth is also subject to consider­
able infection during periods of 
cool, moist, cloudy weather. The 
fungus virtually ceases to produce 
spores during the warmer season. 
May to October. However, infec­
tions already present continue to 
progress, causing a peak of destruc­
tion in late May and early June.
Defoliation and melting-out of 
bluegrass turf results in unsightly 
patches of bare ground subject to 
easy colonization by both crabgrass 
and broadleaved weeds. Subsequent 
recovery of the bluegrass depends 
on the level of food reserves present 
in the plant, the environmental con­
ditions favoring recovery, and the 
extent of weed invasion.

This disease is normally of minor 
consequence during the bright, 
sunny weather of late summer and 
early fall. The occasional spots 
present on leaves produce very few 
spores during this warm season of 
bright sunshine.
The outbreak of leaf spotting dur­
ing cool, wet weather is associated 
with sporulation by the fungus. 
Research conducted at Rutgers Uni­
versity shows that the number of 
lesions that produce spores (sporu- 
late) is low during the hot summer 
months (2.8 percent) and high dur­
ing the cool, wet winter months 
(40.2 percent) in New Jersey (Table
2).
Research conducted in Connecti­
cut by Dr. R. J. Lukens has shown 
that melting-out of Kentucky blueg­
rass is a “low-sugar disease” since 
infection is most severe when sugar 
levels in bluegrass are reduced by 
cloudy weather or shading. Blueg­
rass becomes susceptible to melting- 
out when the turf is growing succu- 
lently. Succulent tissue is usually 
low in photosynthates. Leaf sugar 
can be varied by shade, cutting 
height, variety, or foliar sprays of

Table 1. Classification of Kentucky bluegrass 
varieties according to their level of resistance 
to leaf spot and melting-out by Helmintho­
sporium vagans in New Jersey under turf 
maintenance.1

A. Varieties with good resistance:

Pennstar
Adelphi
Majestic
Birka
Bonnieblue Merion
Nugget
Fylking

Parade 
Sydsport 
Touchdown 
Warren’s A-20 
Warren’s A-34

B. Varieties with moderate resistance:

Aquila
Baron
Cheri

Vieta 
Glade
Vantage

Windsor

C. Varieties with poor-to-fair resistance:

Delta 
Geary 

Kenblue 
Newport 

Park
South Dakota

Certified

1For further information refer to Leaflet 509: 
Lawn Grasses for New Jersey, 4 pages, 1975.

Fungicides
3336 Turf Fungicide
A broad spectrum systemic fungicide 
that prevents and controls all six major 
turf diseases.
Bromosan Turf Fungicide
The newest broad spectrum systemic fungi­
cide for those persistent trouble areas.

 

Caddy 
PMAS(10%)
Spotrete 
Herbicides
MCPP
MCPP Plus 2,4-D 
Methar 80 
Methar 30 
AMA Plue 2,4-D 
AMA (Super Methar)

Granular Turf Fungicide
Cad-Trete 
Spectro

Specialties
AU Wet
Clear Spray 
Tru-Green 
Grass-Greenzit

P.O. Box 10, Somerset, N.J. 08873

glucose. In all instances, Dr. Lukens 
pointed out that severity of foot rot 
was inversely proportional to the 
concentration of reducing sugars in 
the leaves of bluegrass turf.

MANAGEMENT FACTORS
The severity of leaf spot and 
melting-out is greatly influenced by 
certain management factors. Dis­
ease injury is considerably greater 
under close mowing in contrast to 
higher mowing. Close mowing tends 
to deplete carbohydrate food 
reserves (low sugar), thereby wea­
kening the grass and making it more 
subject to injury and less capable of 
recovery. Under New Jersey condi­
tions, turf mowed at 2 1/2 inches 
and maintained at moderately low 
fertility showed little damage from 
melting-out and was virtually free of 
crabgrass. In contrast, turf mowed at 
three-fourths of an inch and heavily 
fertilized showed 63 percent turf loss 
from melting-out in early summer 
resulting in 33 percent crabgrass 
cover by the end of summer.

Nitrogen fertility alone has a sig­
nificant influence of disease severi­
ty. In the Rutgers turf plots blueg­
rass growing at high fertility showed 
less leaf spot injury in March and 
April than the same varieties grow­
ing at low fertility. However, in May 
and June, when root rotting became 
active, this phenomenon was 
reversed and the high fertility plots 
invariably suffered greater injury 
from melting-out by Helminthospor­
ium vagans. Judicious timing of fer­
tilizer applications also is important. 
Most of the total annual fertilizer 
should be applied during Septemb­
er, October, and November to avoid 
lush growth in the spring.

VARIETAL RESISTANCE

Turf mowed high and fertilized 
lightly may not suffer as greatly 
from leaf spot but neither does it 
possess the rich green color, density, 
and neat appearance desired by 
most people. Varieties with a high 
level of disease resistance are there­
fore essential for the production of 
high quality turf. In Table 1 are 
shown a recent compilation of Ken­
tucky bluegrass varieties and their 
respective responses to Helmintho- 
sporium vagans under turf- 
maintenance conditions.
In selecting a specific variety of 
bluegrass, or several component 
varieties to constitute a blend, atten­
tion should also be directed to other 
major diseases of bluegrass, such as 
Stripe Smut (Ustilago striiformis) 
and Fusarium Blight (Fusarium 
roseum). Bluegrasses may also be 
planted as mixtures with the turf- 
type ryegrasses or fine fescues to 
further minimize injury from Hel­
minthosporium vagans and/or other 
major bluegrass diseases.

Figure 3. Spores of Helminthosporium vagans which are disseminated by wind or splashing water 

and help to spread the disease.

Table 2. Effect of season on sporulation of Helminthosporium vagans on incubated leaves of 
five varieties of Poa pratensis.1

Season

Variety of Kentucky bluegrass

Common

Delta

Newport

Delft

Merion

Average
(6-month)

May - October (warm)

Total leaves
Total lesions
Lesions/leaf
Total sporulating
% sporulating

November - April (cool)

Total leaves
Total lesions
Lesions/leaf
Total sporulating
% sporulating

224
498
2.2
10
2.0

226
435
1.9
169
38.9

218
413
1.9
8
1.9

231
371
1.6
152
41.0

231
466
2.0
12
2.6

249
451
1.8
189
41.9

222
438
1.9
15
3.4

246
432
1.8
181
41.7

235
574
2.4
24
4.2

251
503
2.0
188
37.4

226.0
477.8
2.1
13.8
2.8

240.6
438.4
1.8
175.8
40.2

1The data in the table represent a 12-month survey divided into two six-month periods. The 
individual figures represent the totals or averages for each period.

TURF
PROTECTION 
CHEMICALS YOU 
CAN DEPEND ON.
TERSAN
TERSAN
LSR®
1991®
Dollar Spot, 
Leaf Spot, 
Brown Patch, 
Rust,
Fusarium Patch, 
Brown Patch
Fusarium Blight, 
Stripe Smut

TERSAN
SP®
Snow Mold, 
Pythium

TURF PRODUCTS

CHEMICAL CONTROL

The control of leaf spot and 
crown rot in Kentucky bluegrass 
turf usually involves integrating a 
combination of disease resistance, 
proper management practices, and 
chemical control measures. Since 
none of the resistant varieties is 
immune to this disease, and since 
disease severity is often accelerated 
by uncontrollable environmental 
factors such as cloudy weather, the 
use of fungicidal applications often 
is desirable.

No entirely satisfactory fungicide 
is available for Helminthosporium 
control. Among the protectant or 
contact fungicides best results may 
be obtained with Terraclor (PCNB). 
Daconil, Dyrene, Fore, Tersan LSR 
(maneb), Tersan 75 (thiram), or 
Ortho Lawn and Turf Fungicide. 
These should be applied early in the 
spring two to three weeks apart. It is 
especially important to make the 
first application of fungicide early.

To date all the systemic fungi­
cides registered for turf usage and 
tested against Helminthosporium 
have proven ineffective and some 
have even increased disease inci­
dence. The inability of several 
systemic fungicides to control 
crown-rot and melting-out as con­
trasted with the highly protectant 
action of Terraclor (pentachloroni­
trobenzene equals PCNB) is shown 
by the data in Table 3. The research 
was conducted on the Rutgers turf 
plots.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, effective control of 
crown-rot and melting-out in blueg­
rass turf can best be achieved by a 
combination of select turf manage­
ment practices. These include the 
following:

• Selection of a resistant variety. 
• Planting blends or mixtures of

•  Raising the mowing height to 2 

resistant grasses.
to 2 1/2 inches.

•  Avoiding excessive nitrogen 

•  Judicious timing of fertilizer 

•  Preventing succulent growth in 

fertilization.

applications.

the spring.

•  Applications of protectant 

(contact) fungicides.
REFERENCES

DRECHSLER, CHARLES. Leaf spot and 
foot rot of Kentucky bluegrass caused by 
Helminthosporium vagans. Journal Agri­
cultural Research 40 (5): 447-456, 1930.
HALISKY, PHILIP M. and C. REED 
FUNK. Environmental factors affecting 
growth and sporulation of Helminthospor­
ium vagan and its pathogenicity to Poa 
pratensis. Phytopathology 56 (11): 1294- 
1296, 1966.
HALISKY, P. M, C. R. FUNK, and R. E. 
ENGEL Melting-out of Kentucky blueg­
rass varieties by Helminthosporium vagans 
as influenced by turf management prac­
tices, Plant Disease Reporter 50 (9): 703- 
706,1966.

Figure 4. Cycle of development of melting-out in Kentucky bluegrass by Helminthosporium 

vagans. (Courtesy Virginia Cooperative Extension Service.)

Table 3. Comparative effectiveness of fungicides evaluated for control of crown-rot and 
melting-out in Delta Kentucky by Helminthosporium vagans under turf maintenance in N. J.

Chemical Name*

Rate Oz AI/M**

% Turf Loss

Terraclor (PCNB)
Tersan LSR (Maneb)
Triarimol (EL-273)
Triarimol (EL-273)
Bromosan
Mertect-360 (TBZ)
Mertect-360 (TBZ)
Cleary-3336
Cleary-3336
Check Plots
Topsin-M
Topsin-M

6
6
2
4
4
4
2
2
4
0
2
4

4 a
30 b
39 b
53 c
54 c
61 cd
62 cd
74 cd
65 cd
65 cd
65 cd
72 d

♦Triarimol (ED273), Mertect-360 (TBZ), Topsin-M (thiophanate methyl) and Cleary-3336 
(thiophanate ethyl) are systemic fungicides.

♦♦Chemicals were drenched into the turf in 200 gal. water/M on April 23 and May 26 and rated 

for turf loss on June 11, 1971.

Terre QUALITY PRODUCTS 

FOR TURF

GRASS SEEDS

Certified Bentgrasses by variety 
New Kentucky Bluegrass varieties 
The Perennial Ryegrasses

FERTILIZERS

Granular and Pulverized grades —
with Natural organics, Ureaform, or
the new I.B.D.U. controlled release nitrogen.
INSECTICIDES

WEED KILLERS
The TERRE Co.

FUNGICIDES

1 Sampson Street (201) 842-6655 Saddle Brook, N.J. 07662

AVOID TROUBLE 
SAVE GREENS

Bob Dunning

(Editor's note — Bob Dunning, who 
works the Oklahoma area, is one of 
the “Grand Guys of Turf ” Here are 
bits of his wisdom.)

Just a few words of advice, that 
may help avoid pitfalls, that have 
been gained in over 30 years of golf 
course work. This is given in a 
helpful spirit without criticism of 
anyone and only in an effort to 
prevent troubles.

1)  Grass knows nothing about 
Saturdays, Sundays, holidays and 
tournaments.
pensating measures must be taken.

2)  When turf starts to thin, com­

3)  The most critical time for 
watering is after heavy rains on a 
hot, humid day. Avoid heavy traffic 
and change cups often and syringe 
greens frequently.
4)  Wilt probably accounts for the 
loss of more turf than any other 
reason.

5)  Locker room greenkeepers can 
be a most dangerous source of trou­
bles unless someone takes the time 
to explain the facts of life. Any 
questions on golf course mainten­
ance should be taken up with the 
superintendent by the chairman of 
the greens committee and settled. 
This may avoid disastrous conse­
quences where too many hands are 
in the pie.

6)  The best herbicide is a good 
stand of healthy turfgrass. Few
weeds or Poa annua invade greens 
until the turf begins to thin. Let it be 
walked off, mowed off or killed in 
any manner, the greens have had it 
— the weeds are coming.

—Turf Tips

New Jersey Turfgrass Association 
P.O. Box 231
New Brunswick. N.J. 08903

(Roundup from Page 1)
Most annual weeds are controlled 
as well as perennial weeds such as 
quackgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, 
Canada thistle, fescues, and field 
bindweed.

A few precautions:
•  Don’t mix with other herbi­
cides or use dirty water since the 
ROUNDUP will be tied up and 
weed control will be reduced.

•  Do not add surfactant (wet­

ting agent).

•  Don’t apply if rain is threaten­
ing: rainfall within six hours of 
treatment will reduce effectiveness 
and retreatment may be necessary.

•  Don’t work the soil for seven 

days after treatment.

•  Don’t allow the chemical to 
drift since small quantities can cause 
severe injury to nearby desirable 
plants.

SUMMARY

ROUNDUP is an effective herbi­
cide of low toxicity. It is non- 
selective and controls a wide spec­
trum of annual and perennial 
plants. It has no residual activity in 
the soil and seedings may be made 
soon after treatment.

As with any pesticide, read the 
full label for use directions and 
precautions.

For Your Convenience
You, like man other Green World 
readers, may be saving each issue 
for reference purposes. (A smart 
ides, too, especially when you want 
to look up information such as we 
offer you in this issue’s in-depth 
article on leaf spot and melting-out.)
And so we’re giving you wider 
margins so each issue will fit better 
in your loose-leaf or pinch binder.
We still have a few copies of past 
issues available at a quarter each or 
$3.50 for all.

Activated Charcoal
Can Erase Some Mistakes

Mistakes with turf or landscape 
chemicals can happen in the “best 
of families.”
It seems desirable that a few bags 
of activated charcoal be on hand or 
easily obtained in case of emer­
gency. A quickly absorbed and 
quick-acting chemical leaves very 
little lag time for the charcoal appli­
cation. Rates of 100 to 300 lbs./acre 
are adequate for most treatments. 
This treatment is not effective on all 
chemicals.

Agriculture preparations of char­
coal will list many of the chemicals 
that can be deactivated and will give 
instructions on desirable rates and 
techniques. Always read the instruc­
tions.

Lofts 

Pedigreed 
Seed, Inc.

featuring:
*  Baron Kentucky Bluegrass
*  Majestic Kentucky Bluegrass
*  Jamestown Chewings Fescue
*  Manhattan Turf Type
Perennial Ryegrass

*Yorktown Turf Type

Perennial Ryegras**

•U.S. Plant Patent #3186 Dwarf Variety
••Protection applied for under the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act

Exclusive North American Grower and Distributor:

Lofts
Pedigreed Seed, Inc.

Bound Brook. N.J. 08805 / (201) 358-8700

LOFTS