Green World

AN INDUSTRYWIDE PUBLICATION OF THE NEW JERSEY TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION

Volume 6, Number 1 

Winter 1976

“Lime Substitute”
Put on N. J. Market

Roy L. Flannery
Specialist in Soils.

Cook College,

Rutgers University

A new product 
labeled “Liqui- 
Lime or Patterson’s 
Green-Up” has 
been registered and 
is being offered for 
sale in New Jersey 
as a “Lime Substi­
tute.”

TURFGRASS HALL OF FAMER — Dr. Howard B. Sprague, left, accepts a 
plaque from Past President Roy Bossolt after being selected as the second 
member of the New Jersey Turfgrass Hall of Fame at the annual Expo. Dr. 
Sprague joins at former associate, James Smith Jr. in the select circle of persons 
honored by the N.J.T.A.
Dr. Sprague Named to Turfgrass Hall Of Fame
The 1975 New Jersey Turfgrass Hall of Fame Award was given to Dr. 
Howard B. Sprague at the 1975 New Jersey Turfgrass Expo in December at 
Cherry Hill. Dr. Sprague is the second recipient of the award. James Smith. Sr. of 
Rahway, an associate of Dr. Sprague, was given the award in 1974.

Dr. Sprague is a native of Nebraska and received his Bachelors and Masters 
Degrees at the University of Nebraska. After receiving his Ph.D. in Agronomy at 
Rutgers University, he served as agronomist and chairman of the Agronomy 
Department. While serving as chairman, his leadership led to establishment of 
the turfgrass Agronomists position and he created a lasting enthusiasm for 
turfgrass science. After leaving Rutgers, Dr. Sprague served as agronomist with 
the United States Air Force. Following this, he became director of the Texas 
Research Foundation. He left this position to become chairman of the Agronomy 
Department of Penn State University. He retired from this position and now 
serves as Agricultural Consultant with AID, which takes him to many foreign 
countries.

WROTE BETTER LAWNS

Dr. Sprague was awarded Fellow by the American Society of Agronomy. He 
served as president of the society and the Crop Science Society. His turfgrass 
writing at Rutgers University was the original core of the long list of New Jersey 
turfgrass bulletins and circulars. His book BETTER LAWNS was one of the earlv 
popular turfgrass texts.

While the vast work of Dr. Sprague has served New Jersey turf and 
agriculture so very well, he is not content to rest on his laurels. His AID work that 
serves international agriculture is still a full-time devotion. We understand that 
he eases his schedule occasionally to play nine holes of golf in the evenings after 
work.

Our greatest appreciation to you Dr. Sprague, fellow Turfgrassman and 

Agronomist.

It is being recommended by the 
distributors for use on lawns, gardens, 
parks, golf courses, nurseries, and ath­
letic fields. The label and literature 
describing and referring to the use of 
the product state that “one gallon 
(approximately 10 pounds) of the 
product covers 10,000 sq. ft. of area 
and is comparable to or will substitute 
for 500 pounds of calcium carbonate.”
Information supplied by the manu­
facturer shows “Liqui-Lime” to be a 
mixture of trihydroxy glutaric acid 
(C5H8O7) and calcium hydroxide 
(Ca(OH)2). Limited amounts of data 
supplied by the manufacturer indicates 
this product to be considerably more 
efficient than commonly used pulver­
ized limestone.

There are many benefits derived 
from liming acid soils at the normally 
recommended rates of pulverized lime­
stone, that lead to the improvement in 
soil conditions for plant growth. Some 
of these benefits are:

• neutralization of soil acids or pH 

adjustment;

• an increase in the availability of 

soil phosphorus and molybdenum;

• an increase in available supplies 
of calcium and magnesium, both essen­
tial nutrients for plant growth;

•  makes soil conditions more favor­
able for growth and activity of 
microorganisms, which aids in the 
decomposition of soil organic matter 
and nitrogen release;

• improves the physical condition of 
fine textured soils by helping form

(Please turn to pg. 6)

Comments and Opinions

USE MORE CERTIFIED SEED

New Jersey was the first state to certify cool-season grass sod. 
This was not done to claim a first. It was hoped that certifying sod 
would: (1) raise the standard of sod sold in New Jersey and (2) 
give a standard for evaluating sod used in bidding and completion 
of contracts.
It appears the program was very successful on improving sod 
quality, but far too many contracts are awarded without certified 
sod. I can see no way that equivalent bidding and reasonable 
assurance of good sod will occur on large open-bid contracts if a 
certified level of product is not given.
I am not proposing exclusive use of certified sod. but I am 
saying there are too many sod contracts that are filled with 
whatever sod is delivered rather than a product of known quality.

REE

WHO MADE ALL THE DDT?

Many have complained that too many chemicals have been banned because 
they increase cancer in rats at ridiculously high dosages. Adding to this point of 
controversy is the fact that such a chemical as DDT is reported in damaging 
quantities in the natural waters such as the Great Lakes, Arctic Ocean, etc. If we 
calculate the vast tonnage of DDT that is required to contaminate the earth's 
waters at a fraction of a part per million, we could ask who made all the DDT?

All the used DDT is not in the water as those of us in turf know because this 
chemical would stay in the soil long enough to give Japanese beetle grub control 
for several years or more. All associated with turf have been and are deeply 
concerned about the environment, but we would like to see more realism and 
facts.

The following comments by soil scientist Dr. Russell Adams of the 
University of Minnesota are taken from WEEDS, TREES AND TURF. 
December 1969. This give us some explanation on why reports on DDT make it 
sound so very ubiquitous and overwhelming in quantity.

“Pesticides such as DDT are normally used over limited areas”. Adams 
says. “For them to be distributed all over the globe would require some 
means of transport, either by atmospheric or water routes. “Most pesticides 
used eventually reach the soil through direct application or they are washed 
from plants by rain. Much of the pesticide reaching the soil is then broken 
down by micro-organisms or it reacts chemically with soil moisture.

“Under the right conditions, DDT may bind itself to soil particles. But 
because DDT doesn’t dissolve easily in water or cling to soil particles too 
readily, it often escapes into the air as a vapor. Once it reaches the 
atmosphere, DDT is often destroyed by the sun’s ultraviolet rays.

“If DDT is truly present in the Antarctic snowcap. the only way it could 
have arrived there is through the atmosphere. But neither the mechanisms of 
atmospheric distribution nor the stability of pesticides in the atmosphere has 
been studied well enough outside the laboratory to make any firm 
conclusions.

“Even scientists who are familiar with methods used to measure 
pesticides find it difficult to interpret how important these small amounts are. 
Also, there are many naturally occurring compounds, and some synthetic 
organic compounds being added to our environment that look like pesticides 
when they pass through the gas chromatograph.

“Carrots, for example, may contain natural compounds, which mimic 
aldrin and dieldrin, two chemical relatives of DDT. Gas chromatographs are 
sometimes unable to single out and measure natural compounds when the 
man-made chemicals are also present. This fact has been known for years. 
Yet some pesticide analysts still appear to be unaware of it.

“A number of other compounds that are easily confused with DDT have 
been detected in birds and fish. These compounds are commonly used in 
petroleum products, rubber, coolants, and several other materials. Since 
these compounds resist chemical breakdown and are used extensively, some 
early findings that pointed to widespread DDT contamination are open to 
question.”

- REE

SUSTAINING MEMBERS
Our sustaining membership list 
continues to grow, and the 
N.J.T.G.A. again expresses thanks 
for the continued support of these 
members.

Andrew Wilson, Inc.

Garfield-Williamson, Inc.

Greenthumb Spray Service

Lawn King, Inc.

Leon’s Sod Farm

Lofts Pedigreed Seed, Inc.

Markos Bros. Nurseries, Inc.

Mercer Contraction Co. 

of Trenton

Princeton Mfg. Co.

Rockland Chemical Co., Inc.

Stanford Seed Company
The Country Greenery, Inc.

The Terre Company

OFFICERS OF THE N.J.T.A. 

Bert Jones
President

Paul Boizelle
Vice President
Ralph Engel
Secretary and 
Consulting Editor
William Ritchie

Treasurer

EXECUTIVE BOARD 

Roy Bossolt 
Dave Buchholz 
Frank Cacavio 

Fred Eden 

Edgar Krause 
Chuck Wilson 
Jack Wittpenn 
Henry Indyk 
1976 Expo 
Director

Green World is published three times a year 
by the New Jersey Turfgrass Association, 
P.O. Box 231, New Brunswick, N.J. 08903. 
Ralph Engel, consulting editor; Russell Stan­
ton, managing editor. Please address inquiries 
concerning advertising to Bert Jones, adver­
tising director, 975 Ball Ave., Union, N.J. 
07083.

Liming For Better Turf

PROPER PROGRAM CRUCIAL TO COMBAT SOIL ACIDITY

Dr. Henry W. Indyk
Extension Specialist in 
Turfgrass Management,

Cook College,

Rutgers University

A number of physical and chemical 
characteristics of the soil are important 
in the satisfactory performance of turf- 
grasses. Among the chemical charac­
teristics, soil acidity is of major impor­
tance, not only in the establishment 
but also in the maintenance of lawns, 
as well as other turfgrass areas.

Several factors alone or in combina­
tion contribute to the acidity of the soil. 
They include the following:

•  Leaching of calcium and mag­
nesium by rainfall and/or arti­
ficial watering. Development of 
acidity through this process is 
most rapid in the sandy tex­
tured soils.

•  Erosion of soil by water or 
wind. This factor would be of 
little or no significance except 
in areas of very poor turf.

•  Plant growth. Considerable 
quantities of calcium and mag­
nesium are removed from the 
soil by plants and utilized in 
their growth processes. Remo­
val of clippings tends to reduce 
the supply of these nutrients in 
the soil.

•  Acid-forming fertilizers. Ferti­
lizers that provide nitrogen in 
the form of ammonia or others

Fungicides
3336 Turf Fungicide
A broad spectrum systemic fungicide 
that prevents and controls all six major 
turf diseases.
Bromosan Turf Fungicide
The newest broad spectrum systemic fungi­
cide for those persistent trouble areas.

Caddy 
PMAS (10%) 
Spotrete
Herbicides
MCPP
MCPP Plus 2,4-D 
Methar 80 
Methar 30 
AMA Plus 2,4-D 
AMA (Super Methar)

Granular Turf Fungicide
Cad-Trete
Spectro

Specialties
All Wet
Clear Spray 
Tru-Green 
Grass-Greenzit

P.O. Box 10, Somerset, N.J. 08873

with sources of nitrogen that 
are converted to ammonia 
after application will leave an 
acid residue on the soil.

An estimated 90-95% of the acidity 
in the soil is attributed to the effects of 
leaching, erosion, and clipping remo­
val, whereas only 5-10% is attributed to 
the use of acid fertilizers.

HIGH ACIDITY IN NE

Leaching is the major contributing 
factor to the formation of soil acidity. 
Soil acidity is a natural condition in 
high rainfall regions. Most of the soils 
in the Northeast region are too acid for 
proper growth of turfgrasses. The cor­
rection of soil acidity is a prime consi­
deration in providing a suitable 
medium for the establishment and 
growth of turfgrasses. Neturalization of 
soil acidity can be accomplished relati­
vely simply, safely, and economically 
with the use of lime.

The benefits of using lime for im­
provement of soils for plant growth 
have been established by prominent 
soil scientists many years ago and still 
holds true today in spite of recent 
technological advances. Many benefits 
which directly or indirectly favor the 
growth of turfgrasses may be attribut­
ed to the neutralization of soil acidity 
with the proper use of lime. Among the 
many benefits of lime, the more impor­
tant ones include:

•  Provides calcium and magne­
sium as essential plant 
nutrients.

•  Reduces the availability of iron 
and aluminum below concen­
trations toxic to growth of turf­
grasses.

•  Increases the availability of es­
sential plant nutrients — phos­
phorus in particular.

•  Facilitates the utilization of 

nitrogen.

•  Increases microbial activity 

that is very influential in:
a.  Breakdown of organic 
matter resulting in release of 
nitrogen and other nutrients 
for plant growth.

b.  Breakdown of organic nitro­
gen fertilizer for utilization 
in growth of turfgrasses.

c. Control of thatch formation.
•  Improves the structure of 

heavy textured soils.

The benefits of the lime are ex­
pressed in a deeper, healthier, and 
more extensive root system of the 
turfgrass. When lime is lacking, the 
grass roots are very shallow, short and

sluggish. Symptoms of soil moisture 
stress on turfgrass growth not only 
become evident sooner but also more 
markedly when lime is deficient in the 
soil. The grass blades tend to be weak 
and discolored. In very acid soils, 
turfgrass plants from either seeding or 
sodding are unable to survive for any 
length of time. The effects of soil 
acidity also may contribute to weed 
infestation as a result of reduced vigor 
and density of the turfgrasses.

When establishing new turfgrass ar­
eas from seed or sod, adequate use of 
lime becomes an important considera­
tion that cannot be overlooked in soil 
preparation procedures. Soil pH can be 
the dominant or controlling factor 
determining the success or failure of 
seeding or sodding. Situations have 
been observed in which the establish­
ment of a high quality seed or sod on a 
well fertilized and prepared soil failed 
as a result of acid soil conditons. Cor­
rection of an acid soil condition 
becomes difficult or impossible after 
the site is prepared since movement of 
lime through the soil profile is very 
slow. Incorporation of adequate lime 
into the soil to a depth of at least 6 
inches as a part of the soil preparation 
procedure will provide the best oppor­
tunity to neutralize the unfavorable

For less 
than $1.10 
per 1,000 sq.ft, 
pre-emergence 
TrefIan® stops 
weeds before 
they start 
and keeps on 
working month 
after month.

Economical — Compare it with the costs of 
hand-hoeing and mechanical cultivation. Compare 
it with just about any herbicide you can name — 
Treflan costs less and is more effective.
It's dependable — Forms a weed control zone that 
lasts for months. At recommended rates there is no 
fear of residual build up in the soil.
It's gentle — You can line out new stock in just 
treated soil.

Treflan... first choice 
for professional weed control.

ELANCO

Treflan

(Treflan* —trifluralin, Elanco)

acid condition within the major portion 
of the turfgrass root zone.

The desirable soil pH for turfgrasses 
range from 6.0 to 7.0, ideally 6.3-6.5. 
The amount of lime needed to produce 
this favorable soil condition for growth 
of turfgrasses depends upon the pH of 
the soil and the type of soil. The acidity 
of the soil can be determined most 
accurately with a pH meter. Sandy 
soils will require less lime than heavier 
textured soils to achieve the same 
neutralization effect. Once the soil pH 
has been adjusted with lime to the 
ideal range (6.3 to 6.5) for growth of 
turfgrasses, most soils will require 
about 25 pounds per 1000 square feet 
(1/2 ton per acre) annually to maintain 
the pH of the soil in the ideal range.

ANNUAL APPLICATIONS BEST
In the maintenance of the soil pH 
within the ideal range for turfgrasses, 
annual applications of lime are 
preferred to periodic applications such 
as every 3 years. One of the major 
reasons for a program of annual appli­
cation is the fact that lime is relatively 
slow acting and may move only one or 
two inches per year in the soil. Annual 
applications will tend to keep the soil 
adequately supplied with lime at all 
times, thereby avoid the fluctuation of 
the pH from the ideal range to the 
unfavorable range. In addition, there is

less likelihood of forgetting this essen­
tial aspect of a turfgrass program is 
performed on an annual basis. It would 
be advisable to obtain a PH test once 
every 3 to 5 years as a check on the 
lime status of the soil and, if necessary, 
make any necessary corrections in the 
liming program.

Two major sources of liming mater­
ial are calcitic limestone and dolomitic 
limestone. Dolomitic limestone is sug­
gested in situations where magnesium 
may be found to be deficient in a soil 
test. Each of these limestones is availa­
ble as hydrated, burnt or pulverized 
(ground). The most common and prac­
tical form is the pulverized limestone. 
In exceptional cases, hydrated may be 
suggested where a rapid change in pH 
is desired. It should be used only when 
based upon soil test information.

The coarseness of the pulverized 
limestone affects its rate of availability. 
Finely ground particles are faster act­
ing than the coarse particles and. there­
fore, fineness of grind would be a 
primary consideration in very acid soil 
situations. Particle size is measured in 
terms of mesh. Specifications for a 
relatively quick acting limestone 
material would be one in which all 
particles would pass through a 20-mesh 
screen and at least 60% through a 
100-mesh. A liming material ground so

fine that 100% passes through a 100- 
mesh screen would approximate the 
rate of reaction of hydrated lime. Lim­
ing materials promoted as granular 
lime contains a high percent of coarse 
textured particles which tends to make 
such materials slower acting than the 
pulverized limestones. Such materials 
can be used very effectively in the 
establishment or maintenance of turfg­
rass areas where a quick major adjust­
ment in soil pH is not required. The 
coarser texture of the granular liming 
materials improves flowability which 
facilitates application, particularly with 
the “fan type” spreading equipment.

The timing of application of pulver­
ized limestone is not a critical factor 
except in situations where a soil acidity 
problem exists. As a general mainten­
ance practice, pulverized limestone 
may be applied whenever it can be 
conveniently fitted into the program. 
An ideal time is to apply it during the 
late fall-early winter period. In situa­
tions where soil acidity is known to be 
a problem, it should be applied as far 
as possible in advance of actual need 
because of its slowness of action.

In conclusion, proper use of lime is 
basic for the improvement of most soils 
in New Jersey for the establishment 
and maintenance of our turfgrass ar­
eas.

USS Agri-Chemicals
Division of United States Steel

PO Box 1685 Atlanta. Ga 30301

RESEARCH ABSTRACTS

lignified cells. These constituents were 
high in the former (wear tolerant) grass 
and low in the latter (wear susceptible) 
grass.
COMMENTS

These studies confirm findings 
reported by others on wear toler­
ance, but more importantly 
provide specific data on techniques 
of wear testing and the role of the 
cell wall in wear tolerant turf- 
grasses. Such contributions 
provide the criterion for testing 
turfgrasses that will be developed 
into varieties of superior wear 
tolerance for the future.

— Robert W. Duell

TURFGRASS WEAR TOLERANCE 
MECHANISMS IN TURFGRASS 
RESEARCH (3 Papers by R. C. Shear­
man and J. B. Beard, Gron. Journ. 
67: 208-218, 1975.)

Wear studies were conducted in both 
the fields and laboratories at Michigan 
State University. A sled device and a 
wheel were used for wear on plots of 
seven grasses. Wear tolerance of these 
grasses were evaluated on the basis of 
(1) visual ratings involving five 
prescribed categories; (2) % total cell 
wall content, a laboratory analysis of 
foliage that remained green; (3) % 
verdure, which entailed weighing clip­
pings from plugs or injured turf vs 
those from check plots; and (4) chlor­
ophyll content of shoots from plugs as 
for % verdure. Rankings of grasses by 
the four methods were similar, but % 
verdure proved simpler and more ob­
jective. Manhattan ryegrass was most 
tolerant to wheel wear. K-31 tall fescue 
and Italian ryegrass were intermediate, 
while Cascade Chewings fescue and 
rough stalked bluegrass were least 
wear tolerant. Tolerance to sled wear 
showed slight variations from the 
above order depending on the evalua­
tion procedure employed. Rankings of 
grasses by the four methods were simi­
lar but % verdure proved simpler and 
more objective. Manhattan ryegrass 
was most tolerant to wheel wear. K-31 
tall fescue and Merion Kentucky 
bluegrass ranked second. Pennlawn 
red fescue and Italian ryegrass were 
intermediate, while Cascade Chewings 
fescue and rough-stalked bluegrass 
were least wear tolerant. Tolerance to 
sled wear showed slight variations 
from the above order depending on the 
evaluation procedure employed.

Several tissue constituents of these 
grasses were examined in an effort to 
determine why grasses differed in wear 
tolerance. Total cell wall lignocellulose, 
cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin 
were determined on a % and a weight 
per unit area basis. Total cell wall 
contents on a weight per unit area basis 
accounted for 98% of the variation in 
wear tolerance of the seven grasses 
tested. This analysis also proved to be 
the preferred technique because of its 
simplicity and adaptability to screen­
ing large numbers of entries as in 
breeding trials. Wear tolerant grasses 
such as K-31 and Manhattan had high 
contents of cell wall constituents. Ver­
dure, shoot density, leaf width, load 
bearing capacity, leaf tensile strength, 
percent moisure, and percent relative 
turgidity did not correlate with species 
wear tolerance. K-31 tall fescue and 
rough-stalked bluegrass were analyzed 
for percent sclerenchyma fibers and

NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS 
IN SOIL AS AFFECTED BY THE 
FUNGICIDES BENOMYL, 
DYRENE, AND MANEB. A. R. Mazur 
and T. D. Hughes, Agron. J. 67: 755- 
758
The frequency and extent of fungi­
cide use on putting green turfgrasses 
prompted investigations to determine 
the effect of three commonly used 
fungicides on N transformations in 
soil. Laboratory and field studies were 
conducted to study the effect of the 
following fungicides on nitrification 
and N mineralization in soil: benomyl, 
Dyrene and Maneb.

In laboratory studies, almost no ef- 
and
fect on NH+4-N 
(NO-2 + NO-3)-N was detected for 
benomyl, but a complete blockage of 
these transformations occurred with 
the rate of Maneb used. Dvrene had an 
intermediate effect. In the field on a 
creeping bentgrass Agrostis palustris 
Huds, golf green, there was no effect of 
any of the fungicides on nitrification 
but enhanced N mineralization oc­
curred with the application of all three 
fungicides.

The differences in the effects of these 
fungicides on nitrification and N min­
eralization in laboratory as compared 
with field applications were considered 
to be associated in part with the size 
and number of fungicide applications 
used in applying the respective totals. 
COMMENTS

This study shows that fungicides 
can affect the amount of nitrogen 
available. This will not cost the 
grower any more for nitrogen, but 
it suggests that a fungicide's effec- 
tiveness on a given disease could 
be enhanced by its causing a tem­
porary reduction in available 
nitrogen. This is an interesting 
point to consider from both the 
turf grower's and research 
worker's point of view.

— Ralph E. Engel

NEW FUNGUS

A new fungus disease has made its 
appearance on the Chicago scene and 
already it appears to be a shoo-in for 
rookie-of-the-year honors.

It is called Pythium graminicola and 
it can be controlled very easily with 
Tersan SP. (Koban would probably 
also do the job). That sounds easy, but 
the problem is that P. graminicola 
symptoms do not look anything like 
the symptoms of P. ultimum, the nor­
mal Pythium we can expect in this 
area. In fact, the symptoms look very 
much like those associated with Red 
Leafspot. The turf begins to turn yel­
lowish to brownish as if it were starved 
and begins to thin out rapidly. There is 
no grease spotting or distinctive mycel- 
lium, only a severe thinning of the turf.
Spraying with any of the leafspot 
fungicides will only slow the disease 
down, it will not stop it. Try some 
Tersan SP or Koban.
Believe me gentlemen, I know of 
what I speak. I had some greens that 
were being attacked by P. gramincola, 
but I thought it was Red Leafspot. I 
was nearly to the point of pouring 
Daconil straight out of the bottle on 
them and I still couldn’t stop the 
disease.

Dr. Al Turgeon from the University 
of Illinois thought it might be P. 
gramincola and suggested that I try a 
Pythium control fungicide. I applied 6

(Please turn to pg. 6)

Go all out 
now with 
improved
Balan.

Balan’s New 
granular size 
lets you apply it 
like fertilizer.

Balan gets the tough ones such as crabgrass and 
foxtail, goosegrass (crowsfoot, silver crabgrasses, 
hard crabgrass), Poa annua (annual bluegrass).
Balan is the nation’s number one granular 
herbicide. Its unmatched effectiveness makes 
Balan a must in every turf program.
Balan is economically priced for all over use. It 
gives you long lasting results at a bargain price.

Balan®...first choice 
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ELANCO

Balan

(Balan* — benefin. Elanco)

"Lime Substitute” Questioned

(Continued from pg. 1) 

more stable soil aggregates, thereby 
improving soil oxygen and water rela­
tionships for good plant root develop­
ment, which often increase plant 
drought tolerance;

• reduces the amount of soluble 
aluminum in the soil which often res­
tricts plant root development.

RECOMMENDED AMOUNT 

DOUBTED

Does “Liqui-Lime” used at the one 
gallon recommended rate per 10,000 
sq. ft. of area provide the same benefits 
as derived from 500 pounds of pulver­
ized limestone as enumerated above? 
Leading agronomists throughout the 
country have serious doubts about the

Lofts 

Pedigreed 
Seed, Inc.

featuring:
*  Baron Kentucky Bluegrass*
*  Majestic Kentucky Bluegrass
* Jamestown Chewings Fescue
*  Manhattan Turf Type
Perennial Ryegrass

*  Yorktown Turf Type

Perennial Ryegras**

•U.S. Plant Patent #3186 Dwarf Variety
••Protection applied for under the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act

Exclusive North American Grower and Distributor:

Lofts
Pedigreed Seed, Inc.

 Bound Brook, N.J. 08805 / (201) 356-8700

LOFTS

New Jersey Turfgrass Association 
P.O. Box 231
New Brunswick. N.J. 08903

ability of “Liqui-Lime”, when used at 
the rate recommended, to provide the 
same benefits as derived from much 
larger applications of agricultural lime­
stone.

A one gallon application of “Liqui- 
Lime” cannot possibly supply the same 
quantity of calcium and magnesium to 
the soil as a 500 pound application of 
dolomitic limestone. In fact, “Liqui- 
Lime” contains little or no magnesium 
and will supply only about one percent 
of the amount of calcium supplied in a 
500 pound application of a good grade 
calcitic limestone.

Laboratory tests made show that one 
gallon of “Liqui-Lime” is equivalent in 
neutralizing value to approximately 
five pounds of calcium carbonate, not 
500 pounds as claimed by the product 
label. The manufacturer and distribu­
tors of “Liqui-Lime” claim that a 
laboratory titration test is not a true 
and valid measurement of the real 
strength and value of their product, 
because it reacts differently in soils 
than it does in laboratory titration 
measurements. This debatable point 
cannot be resolved until more work has 
been done with soils to thoroughly 
evaluate the product.

TESTS LIMITED

“Liqui-Lime” has been tested by 
private laboratories and by representa­
tives of the parent company under 
field conditions on a limited scale. 
However, the product has not been 
thoroughly or widely tested by inde­
pendent researchers at any leading 
state university. If so, I am not aware 
of the existing data. I am aware of a 
limited number of laboratory and field 
tests that have been, or are presently 
being, conducted, but have not yet 
yielded sufficient data for proper eva­
luation of the product. More research

data is needed on field soils to confirm 
or refute what appear to be fantastic 
claims being made for the product.

The New Jersey Cooperative Exten­
sion Service cannot endorse the use of 
or make recommendations regarding 
the use of Liqui-Lime or Green-Up 
until such time that there are sufficient 
data available for properly evaluating 
the product.

Getting the message: Little 5-year-old 
Betty was taken to church for the first 
time. As she walked out of the church 
with her parents, the preacher stopped 
her, leaned over and asked her how she 
liked church.

“but the commercial was too long.”

“I liked the music okay,” said Betty, 
—National Future Farmer

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back issues of GREEN WORLD. A 
limited number are available. If you 
wish a single copy of all back issues, 
the cost is $3.50. A single copy is 
$.25.
Send any request to: N.J. Turfg­
rass Association, P.O. Box 231, New 
Brunswick, N.J. 08903.

(Continued from pg. 5) 

ounces per thousand of Tersan SP and 
stopped the disease in its tracks. In 
about five days, my greens had almost 
fully recovered. Thank you Dr. Al.

K. Quanot, Editor
THE VERDURE (1975), Chicago
Gold Course Superintendents