Green World

AN INDUSTRYWIDE PUBLICATION OF THE NEW JERSEY TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION

Volume 2, Number 1 

January, 1972

Our Ecological Melodrama

Setting the Stage

“There was once a town in the heart 
of America where all life seemed to 
live in harmony with its surroundings.”
— “The town lay in the midst of a 
checkerboard of prosperous farms with 
fields of grain and hillsides of orchards 
where in Spring white clouds of blooms 
drifted above the green fields. In Au­
tumn, Oak and Maple and Birch set 
up a blaze of color” — “foxes barked
— deer silently crossed the fields” — 
“the countryside was famous for the 
abundance and variety of bird life. 
Others came to fish the streams which 
flowed clear and cold . . .”

“Then a strange blight crept over the 
area and everything began to change”
— “Mysterious maladies swept the 
flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep 
sickened and died. Everywhere was a 
shadow of death. On the farms the 
hens brooded, but no chicks hatched. 
The farmers complained that they were 
unable to raise any pigs — the apple 
trees were coming into bloom but no 
bees droned so there was no pollina­
tion and there would be no fruit.”

“The roadsides, once so attractive, 
were now lined with browned and 
withered vegetation as though swept by 
fire” — “Even the streams were life­
less —

“In the gutters under the caves and 
between the shingles of the roofs, a 
white granular powder still showed a 
few patches; some weeks before it had 
fallen like snow upon the roofs and the 
lawns, the fields and streams.” “— no 
enemy action had silenced the rebirth 
of new life in this stricken world. The 
people had done it themselves.”

So began the book “Silent Spring” 
written in 1962 by the eloquent writer, 
Rachel Carson. She was skillful in her 
writing techniques and a master with 
word descriptions — but, she was no 
toxicologist. She resorts to fantasy and 
speculation in her book and usually 
ends with negative proofs. Needless to 
say, her book had impact and was a 
major factor in giving momentum to 
the anti-pesticide critics. It suddenly 
became popular to jump on the anti­

pesticide bandwagon and stand up for 
our ecology.

Radio and T.V. personalities found 
it good public relations to condemn 
pesticides.

Writers readily found an acceptable 

public — their works sold!

Newspapers filled their columns with 

the D.D.T. story.

Politicians got their names before 
the voters and even professors, used 
to reporting in technical professional 
journals, found greater public recogni­
tion in the ecological field.

The stage was set for a huge wave 
of emotional proclamations to improve 
our environment — protect our ecol­
ogy — return to the balance of nature!
Nature, at best, is a pretty violent 
character; there are floods, dust storms, 
forest fires, tornadoes, insect epidem­
ics, volcanic eruptions, human disease 
epidemics (malaria, typhus, encepha­
litis) and others. It is estimated that 
malaria alone is the cause of one-half 
of the mortality of the human race. 
Our population is exploding; every 
nine seconds there is a new mouth to 
feed — our future food requirements 
are phenomenal! Each year our 
spreading suburbia takes out of food 
production about 1 million acres. We 
must control the so-called Balance of 
Nature to exist on the planet Earth. 
Nature is too slow to repair the damage 
she may cause to herself and too many 
people starve while nature adjusts. We 
can help — we must help!
Pesticides —The Bad Guys 
DDT

DDT has been accused of causing a 
reduction in the numbers of Osprey, 
Bald Eagles and Brown Pelicans be­
cause it allegedly causes the eggs to be 
soft shelled and easily broken before 
hatching. It is further stated that fish 
are on the decline which derive their 
needs from DDT accumulating food 
chains, such as algae, weeds, etc.

Recent reports indicate the World 
Health Organization has critically ex­
amined over 1000 substitutes for DDT 
and has found none to meet the es- 
sential requirements of availability ef- 
ficacy, safety, stability and cost of 
DDT. 

In Sweden, where the use of DDT 
was once banned, it was restored to 
control certain forest insects which 
were not effectively controlled by sub­
stitutes. Sweden’s largest industry is 
forestry.

In our eastern states the ravages of 
the Gypsy Moth is relentlessly expand­
ing in spite of wide scale use of DDT 
substitutes. About 180,000 acres of 
hardwoods were skeletonized in North­
ern New Jersey alone in 1970, up four 
times from 1968 and 50,000 acres 
more than last year. One million oak 
trees are permanently destroyed! What 
will be the impact of this on the ecol­
ogy of our soil and water resources?
Recent industry reports indicate that 
DDT does not run off treated areas by 
itself; it hitchhikes a ride on soil par­
ticles which move with soil erosion to 
our waterways. After over 25 years 
of use of DDT, our food production is 
up — way up. There is a lot more 
game today than 30 years ago. The 
striped bass have returned in record 
numbers to the Atlantic waters, the 
blue crab catch in our bays is un­
equalled in recent years. After 25 
years of use, are we letting the sub­
tleties of a few wrongs of DDT oblit­
erate all good it has done?

Mercury — The Metallic Malady?

About 1960, in the Minamata Bay 
in Japan, residents were stricken with 
mercury poison caused by the excess 
dumping of industrial mercury wastes 
into the bay. The mercury found its 
way into the food chain of fish — a 
major source of food for the natives.
Certain highly toxic mercury com­
pounds, the alkyl group, have been 
used to treat grain seeds. In the re­
cent tragedy in New Mexico, hogs were 
eaten which were fed the alkyl mer­
cury treated grain.

The Food and Drug Administration 
has set a limit of .5 ppm as the allow­
able level of mercury in food. Sword­
fish, lobster and tuna fish were found 
to contain varying amounts of mercury. 
This caused a flurry of news releases 
intimating that to eat fish with more 
than .5 ppm of mercury could be dan­

gerous to our health. Needless to say, 
the bottom dropped out of the sword­
fish business. The reporters had a hey­
day.

Mercury has been used for years in 
medical practice and is still in common 
use in amounts much greater than the 
guide lines set by the Food and Drug 
Administration.

If you accidentally swallowed the 
mercury in a medical thermometer, 
you would consume about 1 gram of 
pure mercury. You could consume 
this quantity if you ate 1,000,000 
grams of tuna containing 1 ppm mer­
cury, twice the F.D.A. tolerance. This 
would require you to eat 4000 — 6 1/2 
to 7 oz. cans of the above tolerance 
food. This would take about 11 years, 
assuming you ate 1 can a day and 2 
cans on 25 Sundays!

There is over 200,000 lbs. of mer­
cury used annually for dental work in 
the United States. This calculates to 
250 mg. of mercury per person a year.
In turf, the 10% PMA fungicide is 
one of the safest forms of mercury 
known. Tests on turf have shown it 
to be completely tied up in the upper 
2" of the soil complex; there is no ef­
fect on soil organism or soil insects 
and no reported incidents of death to 
wildlife on treated turf. Water running 
off treated areas contains very little or 
no mercury.

Isn’t there some reason to re-eval­
uate some of the official criticism of 
mercury when it is used in an accepted 
fashion?

2,4,5-T — Phenoxy Phantoms?

The phenoxy product 2,4,5-T found 
its greatest use in the control of woody 
plants along rights-of-way and in range 
management. In October 1969, the 
Office of Science and Technology re­
leased a report that rats fed or injected 
large amounts of 2,4,5-T produced 
many more abnormal fetuses than un­
treated animals. Coincidentally with 
this release, came reports from Viet­
nam that natives living in areas heavily 
treated with herbicides used in the 
Army’s defoliation program showed an 
increased incidence of birth abnormal­
ities.

Later it was learned that the 2,4,5-T 
used in the laboratory tests contained 
27 ppm of a highly teratogenic con­
taminant called Dioxin. Further stud­
ies confirmed the lethal character of 
Dioxin, but that the teratogenic re­
sponses in animals could only be pro­
duced when the doses approached the 
lethal rate.

Current formulations of 2,4,5-T 
contain less than .5 ppm and in proper 
manufacturing procedures, it can prac­
tically be eliminated. Dioxin has never 
been found in commercial 2,4-D.

It is known that 2,4,5-T is less toxic 
and less teratogenic than many clean­
ing agents, wood finishing products and 
other products used in our homes. 
Chances are good that the federal re­
strictions on 2,4,5-T will be lifted when 
the latest scientific facts are digested 
and presented.

In quite a few laboratory experi­
ments, the doses administered to ani­
mals was heavy. The only difference 
between a medicine and a poison is the 
dosage.

Arsenicals — And Old Lace

Arsenic is naturally found in soils 
throughout the world in amounts vary­
ing from less than 1 ppm to 40 ppm. 
The medicinal value of arsenicals have 
been recognized since the time of Hip­
pocrates, 1500 years ago. In agricul­
ture, lead and calcium arsentate have 
been used to control chewing insects 
for centuries. More recently, tricalci­
um arsenate has been used for the con­
trol of Poa annua and certain other 
weeds in turf.

It has been found that arsenicals do 
not harm birds; birds shun the insects 
killed by arsenicals. Arsenicals do not 
leach into the soil, they accumulate 
near the soil surface fixed onto the soil 
particles. Arsenicals do not move off 
treated areas readily. Erosion that car­
ries soil particles is the primary means. 
This family of pesticide is not injurious 
to fish, except in extreme concentra­
tions. Naturally, the movement of ar­
senicals off treated turf is of no con­
sequence to the surrounding environ­
ment.

The Melodrama Gets Murchy

Our present super-sensitive pesticide 
detection equipment, chromatographic 
analysis, has detected Aldrin, Dieldrin 
and Heptaclor in soils collected and 
sealed during the years 1909 to 1911. 
This is 35 years before any of these 
pesticides were discovered; and it 
proves that many tests claiming to find 
DDT are reading something else!

“1200 Sheep Die Near Atomic Test 
Site” appeared in bold headlines in the 
newspapers sometime ago. Three days 
later it was discovered that the sheep 
died from eating a poison weed called 
Halogeton. Do you remember reading 
about this? Furthermore, 2,4,5-T 
would have controlled the poison 
weeds and saved the sheep.

We hear a lot about pesticide sub­
stitutes such as natural enemies, bac­
terial toxins, insect viruses, sex attrac- 
tants, juvenile hormones and sterilized 
males. These make for exciting read­
ing, but the time is not ripe to depend 
on any of these for large scale economic 
pest control yet.

Those crystal clear lakes and streams 
of 100 years ago were the worst source 
of Cholera, Yellow Fever and Typhoid 
epidemics the world has ever known.
The National Science Foundation 
collected air samples from many areas 
around the world and tested for oxy­
gen content. Results: there is as much 
oxygen in these air samples now as 
there was 61 years ago. Maybe some 
thanks are due the expanded turf 
agronomic and horticultural industry 
of the world.

In 1900 the average life expectancy 
in the United States was 47 years. To­
day the life expectancy is 71 years. 
Are we degenerating?

In 1900 one farm worker produced 
enough food for himself and six oth­
ers. Today the American farmer pro­
duces enough food for himself and 48 
other persons. Thanks to better use of 
engineering, water, varieties, plant 
foods and pesticides.

Big game populations have doubled 
since 1948, requiring protective hunt­
ing to reduce some herds and keep 
them from starving.

A quotation from the magazine, 
Ecology, back in 1921 — “The preser­
vation of the Bald Eagle is hopeless 
— .” The encroachment of man alone 
does much to discourage eagle nesting. 
Why blame pesticides only?

The Good Guys

Each acre of turf supplies the total 
daily oxygen requirements for about 
69 persons. Multiply this by the num­
ber of acres of cultivated and native 
growing grasses in the world and you 
will breathe a little easier.

All of us in this business associated 
with turf growing think we are doing 
our share to improve our ecology. We 
nurture turf daily (or almost). Our 
task would be easier and the rewards 
to our ecology and to mankind would 
be greater if we were allowed the in­
telligent use of the all important pesti­
cides. We recognize that some pesti­
cides can be misused and must be used 
very carefully. A turfman’s business 
is assisting in a better environment and 
I am proud to have observed they are 
careful users even though most of their 
pesticides pose no threat to the en­
vironment.

You see, this is our environment, 

too — and we cherish it!

Most of the credits are due a num­
ber of authors, interested co-workers 
and scientists for the findings in this 
paper. The bibliography is too vol­
uminous to print here.

Roy C. Bossolt

Root Response of Merion 
Kentucky Bluegrass Sods to 
Various Nitrogen Applications 
Near the Time of Transplanting
J. H. Dunn and R. E. Engel

Agronomy Journal Vol. 62, Sept.- 

Oct. 1970, p. 623-625

Abstract:

Re-rooting of Merion Kentucky 
bluegrass sods given surface applica­
tions of N before transplanting, at the 
time of transplanting, and after trans­
planting to root observation containers 
in spring and summer was compared 
with that of sods given no N. Measure­
ments included dry weights of roots 
grown from sods, rate of new root ap­
pearance, and color ratings.

Applications of 2 to 6 lb/M ft2 of 
N to the surface of Merion Kentucky 
bluegrass sod before transplanting and 
at the time of transplanting increased 
re-rooting compared with sods given 
no N.

Proper timing is important for the 
best use of N in root regrowth from 
sods. Applications of N close to the 
time of transplanting were more bene­
ficial to re-rooting than applications at 
longer intervals before or after trans­
planting.

N decreased the carbohydrate con­
tent of topgrowth of sods by 20 to 
25% at 23 days after transplanting in 
the summer test compared with sods 
given no N. Increased root regrowth 
was associated with decreased carbo­
hydrates of topgrowth of sods given 
N at 4 days before transplanting and 
at the time of transplanting, but this 
did not occur when N was applied 9 
days after transplanting.

Comment:

The fear of poor root initiation of 
sod caused by generous use of nitrogen 
just prior to sod cutting or at sod cut­
ting or at sod transplanting is not justi­
fied by results of this study. On the 
contrary, a good N level at these peri­
ods appears to help re-establishment 
of sod.

REE

Timely Reminders

Dr. Henry W. Indyk 
Extension Specialist in 
Turfgrass Management

Rutgers University

Frost Seeding

Bare or thin spots in turfgrass areas 
can be repaired by seeding in late Feb­
ruary or early March when the soil is 
still frozen. This method is commonly 
referred to as frost-seeding. Broadcast 
seed directly on the frozen soil and let 
nature take over. The alternate freez­
ing and thawing of the soil produces a

“honey combing” effect and many mi­
nute cracks in which the seed becomes 
imbedded. When the soil warms up, 
the seed is there ready to germinate 
and the new turfgrass seedlings will be 
off to an early start. They will have a 
better chance of success with an early 
start and will not be faced with as 
much competition as they would from 
later seedings.

When frost seeding, it is important 
that the seed come in direct contact 
with the soil. If you have a layer of 
organic material on the surface of the 
soil, it would be wise to rake vigorous­
ly to expose the soil before you broad­
cast the seed. The results of seedings 
made directly on a layer of organic 
material usually are disappointing.

Lime For Turf

Lime is required for the establish­
ment and maintenance of good lawns 
and other turfgrass areas in New Jer­
sey. Neglect in providing adequate 
lime, results not only in failure of get­
ting new seedings established but also 
poor growth of established turf grasses.
Many benefits which directly or in­
directly favor the growth of turfgrasses 
may be attributed to the proper use of 
lime. Lime neutralizes soil acidity 
thereby providing more favorable soil 
conditions for growth of turfgrasses. 
Lime furnishes plant nutrients such as 
calcium and magnesium which are es­
sential for plant growth; increases the 
availability of essential plant nutrients, 
especially phosphorus; reduces the 
availability of iron and aluminum be­
low toxic concentrations; aids in de­
composition of organic matter result­
ing in release of nitrogen and other 
nutrients; helps to control thatch for­
mation and improves the physical con­
dition of soils containing large amounts 
of clay.

Adequate use of lime promotes a 
deeper, healthier and more extensive 
root system. When lime is lacking, the 
turfgrass roots are very shallow, short 
and sluggish. The grass blades tend to 
be weak and discolored. A well-de­
veloped root system is needed for a 
vigorous and dense top growth.

Now is an ideal time to apply lime 
on turfgrass areas if soil and weather 
conditions permit. The demands on 
the available time and labor are not 
as heavy at this time as during the 
turfgrass growing season. Perhaps 
more important is the fact that lime 
applied now will do more good to this 
year’s turf than an application in the 
spring. The action of lime is relatively 
slow since it moves very slowly down 
into the soil to the turfgrass roots 
where it is needed. Frost action in the 
soil during the remaining weeks before 
spring helps work the lime into the 
soil for better results.

The amount of lime needed will de­
pend upon your liming program in the 
past and the type of soil. Generally, 
about 25 pounds of ground limestone 
per 1000 square feet are required every 
year for maintaining favorable soil 
pH conditions for turfgrass growth. 
You may adopt a program of applying 
50 to 75 pounds every 2 to 3 years. 
However, it is best to apply smaller 
amounts annually than larger amounts 
less frequently. This type of program 
will minimize wide fluctuations in the 
soil pH. In addition, you are less 
likely to forget this important opera­
tion if you do it on an annual basis.
If there is any doubt about the need 
for lime, get a soil test which will tell 
for sure if lime is needed. On the basis 
of this test and a determination of the 
type of soil, the right amount of lime 
can be accurately prescribed. It is a 
good habit to get the soil tested at 
least once every 3 to 5 years.

PRINCETON TURF

We Now Offer a Complete Line of Sod

MERION . FYLKING . K-30 • PENNLAWN MIX

PENNCROSS BENTGRASS . WARREN’S A-20 — Sod or Plugs 
WARREN A-34 — Sod or Seed • BERMUDA — Sod, Plugs, Stolons 

“Highest Quality and Service” Is Our Motto

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OLD YORK ROAD 

P. 0. BOX 245

HIGHTSTOWN, NEW JERSEY 08520 

609-448-9300

Hang the Jury

The jury is in and the verdict ren­
dered. No more open burning will be 
permitted in the State of New Jersey. 
Well, at least under our democratic 
system it must have been a carefully 
studied approach to a very serious 
problem. Unfortunately, the method 
of trial and the verdict reached fail on 
all counts.

Air pollution, and pollution of any 
sort, is a problem everyone accepts. 
However, attempting to legislate a 
problem out of existance with no rea­
sonable alternative is shear folly. Over­
reaction to pressure groups has always 
been a serious pitfall of government, 
if actual facts were the basis for leg­
islation, one of the first laws passed 
would have eliminated buses; but it 
didn’t, because there is no adequate 
alternative means of local mass trans­
portation, and the screams to the legis­
lature would have been unbearable.

It would seem then that legislation 
against open burning was passed as a 
compromise to calm some unknown 
pressure group, because the facts don’t 
support it. As Dr. Ellis Darley of the 
Statewide Air Pollution Research Cen­
ter at the University of California re­
ports in the March, 1970 issue of 
Weeds, Trees, and Turf: Barley straw 
when burned yields 18.2 pounds per 
ton of hydrocarbons, native brush 
yields 6.7 pounds per ton, while gaso­
line yields 130 pounds per ton of hy­
drocarbons when burned. California 
has no such open burning law as New 
Jersey, but then again New Jersey has 
no active research into the facts of the 
matter either.

Unfortunately, the turf and land­
scape industry of ours whose business 
it is to maintain large open areas, a 
most desirable aid to non-pollution, 
that seems to suffer most from this 
edict. While town councils have been 
forced to pick up residential taxpayers’ 
leaves and brush, we have been left to 
fend for ourselves with no practical 
solution available. The highly touted 
composting has left many problems un­
solved. It does not remove leaves, 
weeds, and debris from wooded areas, 
it does not unplug that fouled open 
ditch drain, and it does nothing for 
brush. One can only guess at the 
mountains of compost that will have 
to be disposed of in the next five or 
ten years.

Fortunately, laws have been re­
pealed when found to be repressive 
and/or unreasonable. Perhaps it is 
time for a group such as ours to place 
our well-founded case before a jury 
which might just be willing to listen to 
our problem rather than to the noise 
of panic raised by misguided persons 
who seek to aid our environment.

Safer Herbicides

The intense concern of the past few 
years for a better environment has had 
some good effects, but this has been 
onset in part by unfavorable develop­
ments. Just over 25 years ago the 
lawn owner had rather ineffective herb­
icides for turf weeds. They often car­
ried a poison label, they were dan­
gerous to the turf, and/or they were 
difficult to handle. Research of the 
past generation has changed this. Now 
the current assortment of chemicals 
used on lawns do not carry a poison 
label, are safer to the turfgrass, and 
are more effective at killing weeds. Re­
cently, environmental concerns have 
so severely curtailed development of 
new herbicides that such progress of 
the past 25 years has little chance of 
repeating. A recent survey by the 
NACA with 30 companies reporting 
showed average costs of introducing 
a new pesticide rose to $5,493,000 in 
1970, which was an increase of 60% 
over 1967 costs. Time elapsed for 
bringing a new chemical on the market 
increased 28% for this period. These 
factors have caused choking off the 
development of more effective and 
safer chemicals. This is a serious con­
cern along the path to a better en­
vironment. Where will we find the safe 
controls for nature’s developing pests 
that would destroy attractive turf, land­
scape, or valuable food crops?

REE

Turfgrass Chemicals
In New Jersey

While New Jersey has made strong 
attempts at environmental protection, 
our turfgrass growers have suffered 
relatively little from hasty and ill-ad­
vised restrictions as has occurred in 
some states. Yet, it seems there is al­
ways the exception. Turf and land­
scape growers on some federal grounds 
in New Jersey received a letter recent­
ly from a federal office asking them to 
cease use and dispose of such chem­
icals as 2,4-D, dicamba, methyl arson- 
ate, mercury compounds, chlordane, 
dieldrin, and many others. This type 
action plus that of a few other states 
should make New Jersey turf growers 
grateful for the good judgment that 
has prevailed in our state on the use 
of agricultural and turfgrass chemicals. 
The outcome of the order for federal 
grounds will be interesting. Some of 
these areas may become New Jersey’s 
best source of dandelion seed. Also, 
they might consider a thriving road­
side business in dandelion greens.

DM

REE

Tolerance and Susceptibility 
of Kentucky Bluegrass 
(Poa pratensis L) Cultivars to 
Air Pollution:
In the Field and in an
Ozone Chamber

A. C. Wilton, J. J. Murray, H. E.

Heggestad and F. V. Juska 

Journal of Environmental Quality 
1:112-113, January-March 1972

During late July and early August 
of 1970, light brown lesions became 
prevalent on leaves of the five varieties 
of Kentucky bluegrass being compared 
in a fertility trial at Beltsville, Mary­
land. Damage was most serious on 
the low nutrient half of each plot. Fol­
lowing initial injury, necrosis or dying 
of the leaf tissue became widespread, 
completely covering sections of the 
leaves, so that damaged plots appeared 
brownish-grey. The experimental vari­
ety 117-27-6 was practically unin­
jured. Merion, Kenblue and Windsor 
were injured slightly and the experi­
mental variety Belturf was severely 
damaged. The authors were unable to 
attribute the damage to either disease 
or chemical injury. Air pollution was 
assumed to have caused the injury be­
cause of the warm, moist weather con­
ditions and high ozone levels observed 
prior to the onset of the symptoms. 
Controlled tests in an ozone chamber 
showed Belturf to be very susceptible, 
Windsor quite susceptible and 117-27- 
6 very resistant to ozone injury.

Comments:

This is apparently the first published 
account of what appears to be air pol­
lution injury on Kentucky bluegrass. 
It is too early to assess the practical 
significance of air pollution damage to 
Kentucky bluegrass. Belturf has never 
shown this type of damage during 7 
years observation at Rutgers. This 
study indicates that ozone resistant va­
rieties might be developed if the need 
arises. However, the best approach to 
air pollution damage should be to clean 
up the pollution wherever possible.
CRF

EDITORIAL STAFF 

Ralph E. Engel 
Eugene A. Field 
Don S. Marshall

P. O. Box 123

Caldwell, N. J. 07006

Our Appreciation Goes to All 
Contributors Who Support 
Turfgrass Research

Knowledge and new ways in turf are 
basic to better turf and the develop­
ment of our turfgrass profession. We, 
the research men of the Agricultural 
Experiment Station at Rutgers Univer­
sity, wish to thank those who supply 
materials and money required for re­
search. We hope the following list is 
complete.

R. W. Duell 
R. E. Engel 
C. R. Funk 
P. M. Halisky 
H. T. Streu

TURF RESEARCH ASSISTANCE 

FOR THE 1971 SEASON

Financial Assistance
Company
J. and L. Adikes, Inc.
E. F. Burlingham and Sons 
Chevron Chemical Co.
Cleary Corp.
Jacklin Seed Co., Inc.
Lofts Pedigreed Seed, Inc.
3M Company
Manhattan Ryegrass Growers Assoc. 
Merck and Co.
New Jersey Dept. of Transportation 
and U. S. Bureau of Public Roads

Rhodia, Inc.
Turf-Seed, Inc.
U. S. Golf Assoc. Green Section

Materials Supplied for 
Research Needs
Company
Agrico Chemical Co. 
Amchem Products, Inc. 
American Cyanamid Co. 
American Hoechst Corp. 
Apex Mills 
Asgrow
Aurxco, Inc.
Chanderlain Seed Co. 
Chevron Chemical Co. 
Ciba-Geigy 
Cleary Corp.
Dow Chemical Co.
E. I. DuPont Co.
Esso
Fertl-Soil Co.
Hahn Inc.
Jacklin Seed Co., Inc. 
Laratan
Mallinckrodt Chemical 
Milwaukee Sewerage Comm. 
Northrup King
Rockland Chemical 
Rohm and Haas Co.
O. M. Scott and Sons 
Stauffer Chemical Co.
Swift and Co.
U. S. Borax
Velsicol Chemical Corp. 
Weyerheauser

Land and Turfgrass Maintenance 
Assistance in New Jersey
Forsgate Golf Club
Linwood Country Club 
Mercer Sod
Princeton Turf Farms, Inc. 
Ramblewood Golf Club 
Rapp Instant Lawn 
Reed Sod Farm 
Socony Paint Co.
Wide Sky Farm

Out-of-State Tests and
Observation Plantings
(not including universities, etc.)
E. F. Burlingham and Sons 
Cal-Turf, Inc.
Eastside Nursery
Farmers Forage Research Coop.
Gebr. van Engelen

Jonathan Green and Sons, Inc.
Joseph Harris Seed Co., Inc.
Jacklin Seed Co., Inc.
Jacobsen Bros. Turf Farm 
The Lawn Institute 
Los Angeles Arboretum 
Maple Leaf Mills
N. V. H. Mommersteegs
Northrup, King and Co.
Pickseed West, Inc.
Plant Breeding Institution,
Wiebullshom, Sweden 

Princeton Turf Farms, Centerville, Md. 
Rothwell Plant Breeders, Ltd. 
Rudy-Patrick Seed
O.  M. Scott and Sons
Scottish Agric. Industries Ltd. 
Turf-Seed, Inc.
D. J. van der Hove, N.V.
Western Farmers Assoc.
Zwan and de Wiljes Ltd.

MILWAUKEE

MILORGANITE

THE NATURAL

ORGANIC

FERTILIZER

Golf Courses Use More

milorganite

Than Any Other Fertilizer

METRO MILORGANITE, INC.

914/769-7600

P. O. Box 267 

HAWTHORNE, N. Y. 10532

THE TERRE CO.

WE SPECIALIZE

IN PRODUCTS

TO GROW

BETTER TURF

Saddle Brook, N. J.

843-6655

CALDWELL, NEW JERSEY 07006

P. 0. BOX 123

NEW JERSEY TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION

NEW JERSEY TURFGRASS

AND YOU

Get Into The Picture

★

JOIN THE NEW JERSEY

TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION