green werld AN INDUSTRYWIDE PUBLICATION OF THE NEW JERSEY TURFCRASS ASSOCIATION September 1988 Reasons Why Preemerge Crab- grass Control Is Inconsistent Vol. 18 No. 1 Minimizing Nitrogen Losses by Ralph E. Engel Nitrogen costs and "darts from the environmentalists" for using nitrogen have become familiar to turf growers. But the fact remains, we cannot grow turf cover for vital areas without some use of nitrogen (N). Also, we know too much N can harm turf. As turf growers, we are on the side of conservative N use. Yet loss of this nutrient after appli­ cations on turf has had too little atten­ tion. Fertilizer nitrogen is costly and its loss into the air or water is often a needless expense if not an environ­ mental hazard. While those of us in turf are concerned with the environment, it seems fair to say, the relative threat and amount of nitrogen pollution from turf is not understood by many and is often blown out of proportion. If nitro­ gen must be reduced in the environ­ ment, other methods of solving this problem that do not block achieving valuable turf cover must be utilized. This paper deals with nitrogen loss in both dissolved and gaseous states. We wish to help both professional and amateur turfgrowers minimize this loss. Leaching of nitrogen causes our most common and severe losses of this nutrient. We have been correctly taught that soluble nitrogen caused the largest losses. Of this group, nitrates move most readily. Leaching of ammo­ nium forms of nitrogen is much less by comparison. Grass cover is efficient in reducing leaching of nitrates and other soluble nitrogen forms. The grass, soil organ­ isms and organic matter of soil do this with surprising efficiency. Avoiding — continued on page 5 by Ralph E. Engel While most everyone in turfgrowing appreciates the usefulness of pre­ emerge crabgrass herbicides, we often suffer the disappointments of poor or no control. How much can we expect and how can we get the best possible re­ sults? As with all things biological, the answer is complex. I will list a variety of factors that are in­ volved in the success and failure with preemerge. You the reader may wish to give thought to several which concern your program. Some of the factors that influence per­ formance of our preemerge herbicides are: (1) Differences in herbicidal efficiency. (2) Differences in herbicidal persis­ tency. (3) Differences in herbicidal solubility and movement- (4) Differences in re­ action of the turf- grasses. Oxadia- zon, which is very risky business on bentgrass, is one of the most effective on Kentucky blue- grass-ryegrass. Siduron, which is not strong on control, is considered the only safe preemerge for new seeding. Use preemerge carefully on new varieties and species of grass. (5) Soil differences. Sandy soils warm more quickly and thus may need treat­ ment earlier. Soils high in clay and or­ ganic matter slow the movement of her­ bicides. Differences in soil pH will affect the action of some herbicides. (6) Thatch material Will fix some herbi­ cides, and also will influence tempera­ tures that determine germination. (7) Methods and rate of application. Ap­ ply within the recommended rates. Re­ peated applications may be helpful for difficult areas, such as places with thin turf or heavy traffic. But they should be limited to trial uses of the safer pree­ merge turf conditions. Most repeat ap­ plication tests have not offered general promise.* (8) Either granular or spray applications work for some preemerge herbicides. Several have performed best with gran­ ular preparations and a few fail as a spray. (9) Temperature has various effects on the herbicide, germination of the seed and the crabgrass seedling. (10) Timing the appli- cation with the sea­ son. The correct time is narrower for some herbicides than others. (11) Formation of the preemerge barrier — a chemical shield is needed at the proper depth to control the germinating crab­ grass. While re­ search on this as­ pect is largely lacking, it seems ap­ propriate to have a modest "watering-in” to get the herbicide to the soil surface and disperse the chemical into a continuous barrier. In tests I have conducted, it appeared that several herbicides required application — continued on page 4 * More will be given on rate, date, and methods of preemerge application in a 1989m issue of Green- world. Figure 1. Schematic drawing of the ligule areas of Crabgrass Diqitaria ischaemum (left), which germi­ nates earlier than D. sanguinalis. OPINIONS AND COMMENTS Turf Nitrogen An Environmental Plus Nitrogen is an element of living tis­ sue and abounds in the earth’s atmos­ phere. Large portions of nitrogen that accrue in turf from many sources are immobilized in the sod. Nitrogen ap­ plied to turf in small apllications is held with great efficiency as compared with cultivated crops. The total nitrogen es­ caping from turf sod is small compared with nitrogen fixed naturally in the soil, contained in rainwater and wasted food, produced by combustion motors, or washed from natural plant foliage. The quantity of nitrogen from these and other sources greatly exceeds that used on turf. While considerable nitro­ gen can be carried in water, when has a dangerous case of nitrogen poisoning been found in New Jersey? Turf does not appear to be a logical or major con­ tributor to nitrogen problems. While nitrogen losses from turf do oc­ cur, banning turfgrass cover is not jus­ tified where this commodity is needed (1) to fix nitrogen in topsoil which would otherwise escape into the environment, (2) to aid development of the earth's most valuable topsoil resource, and (3) to protect many acres of soil from ero­ sion ♦ REE Grow angry slowly — there is plenty of time. Ralph Waldo Emerson Green World is published three times a year by the New Jersey Turfgrass Association, P.O. Box 231, New Brunswick, NJ 08903. Consulting edi­ tors: Drs. Ralph Engel and Rich White; advertising chairman, Sam Leon; production editor and layout artist: David Crismond. Sustaining Members of NJTA A-L Services Incorporated A. Lombardi Landscaping Aabar, Incorporated Alpine Country Club Aqua-Flo, Incorporated Aquarius Irrigation Supply Aquashade, Incorporated Arthur's Landscape & Irrigation Co. Associated Marketing, Incorporated Barefoot Grass Lawn Service Barnes Landscape Basking Ridge Golf Course, Inc. Brickman Industries, Inc. Brouwer Turf Equipment Bruedan Corporation Bunton Turf Products, Inc. Champion Landscape and Tree, Inc Coger Farms & Garden Center D & J Landscaping Delalio Sod Farms, Incorporated Double Eagle Equipment Company Dow Chemical USA DuBrows's Nurseries Evergreen Lawn Sprinklers Farmstead Golf & Country Club Fertl-Soil Turf Supply, Incorporated Fiddler's Elbow Country Club Florence Landscaping SVC., Inc. Forest Hill Field Club Forsgate Country Club Fredette Landscaping Garfield Williamson, Incorporated Glen Summit Nurseries, Inc. Grass Roots, Incorporated Green Grass Landscape Svc., Inc. Greenscape L & Lands. Contractors The Green Machine Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc. Homestead Landscaping Homestead Lawn Sprinkler Co., Inc. 1988 OFFICERS OF THE N.J.T.A. Jack Poksay, President William Waddington, V President Ralph Engel, Secretary Carol Wolcott, Exec. Secretary Joseph Dodgson, Treasurer Joe DeSantis, Past President Henry Indyk, Expo Chairman EXECUTIVE BOARD Samuel Leon Richard Hurley Joseph W. Manning, Jr. Robert Dobson Robert Dickison David Please Ed Milewski Steve Stys Joe Bianco Hopewell Valley Golf Club Horizon Estates International Seeds, Incorporated Irrigation Unlimited, Incorporated Jade Run Turf & Sod Farm JEP Sales, Incorporated Jesco, Incorporated Jimni Krickett, Incorporated Keystone Lawn Spray, Incorporated L.J. Macrancy & Sons Lawn Power Equipment Company Lawn Spray Company Lebanon Chemical Co. Lee Rain, Incorporated Leon’s Sod Farm Leonard Reinhardt, incorporated Lesco, Incorporated Lofts Seed Incorporated MacAndrews & Forbes Company M. Frederick Landscaping Metro Milorganite, Incorporated Middletown Sprinkler Company Montco / Surfside Morris Country Park Commission National Lawn Services, Division of C.H. Haines & Son, Inc. Nor-Am Chemical Co. O.M. Scott & Sons City of Ocean City Paige Electric Corporation Panther Valley Golf & Country Club Partac Peat Corporation Pfeiffers' Pfarms Equipment Co. Pine Island Turf Nurseries, Inc. Pleasant Hills Landscaping Pocono Turf Supply Company Rain Bird Sales Rapp Sod Farm Reed’s Sod Farm Reid Sod Farm Rick's Cycle Center Rockland Chemical Company Inc. Rosedale & Rosehill Cemetery Assn. Royal Lawns of Monmouth Sacco's Landscape, Incorporated Scian's Landscaping Incorporated Seacoast Labs Sequoia Lawn Care Storr Tractor Company Surf Landscaping Sweeney Seed Company Toms River Lawn & Sprinkler Inc. Trenton Country Club Turfgrass Sod Farms, Incorporated Upper Montclair Country Club U.S. Golf Association Vaughan Seed Co. W. A. Cleary Corporation Washington Twp. Parks & Recreation Westside Gardens Wilfred MacDonald, Incorporated Wilpat Turf Sprinklers, Incorporated Woodbridge Center Woodruff/Lerco Lawns of So. Jersey World Class Lawns Yardley Country Club OPINIONS AND COMMENTS Turf Survival 60th Anniversary One thing that has not changed with turf over the years is the discussion by growers of the ravages of summer and the comparison of past good and bad summers. In earlier years of Green World and before, I commonly dis­ cussed ’’the horrible 100 days” (longer for those in more southern latitudes). I recall one season when New Jersey had over 30 days with 90° F. or above. Since we experienced a record- smashing number of these days in 1988, this year might well be called ”the year of the devil” weather. Weather in the 90° F. range may not sound severe to those who grow bentgrass in more southern latitudes. We sympathize with these folks, but the long periods of 90- 100% humidity on the mid-Altlantic coast with 90-95° F. are ”no picnic.” The 1928 season has always been FERTILIZERS COMBINATIONS OF NITROFORM I.B.D.U. S.C.U. And And WITH INSECTICIDES PRE-EMERGENCE CRABGRASS KILLERS HERBICIDES GRANULAR LIQUID SELECTIVE AND TOTAL FUNGICIDES GRANULAR FLOWABLE WETTABLE POWDERS INSECTICIDES GRANULAR LIQUID WETTABLE POWDERS Ask your supplier or write: ROCKLAND CHEMICAL CO., INC. ® Passaic Ave.. West Caldwell. N.J. considered the worst failure year for golf turf. It was so bad that golf cours­ es asked for research and classes on turf. I knew a few veterans of 1928 in my first years. They never forgot that experience and attended classes and meetings faithfully throughout their ca­ reers. The bad season of 1988 had a sur­ prising number of courses with no seri­ ous turf loss. This would not have hap­ pened without the improvements in turfgrowing that have occured since 1928. Some of the improvements in­ clude better waters systems, better disease and insect controls, better grasses, and most of all, golf course superintendents’ greater expertise on how to use these things. I do not wish to belittle those earlier golf course su­ perintendents. They deserve the greatest respect for their diligent labor, their tremendous dedication and their spark that started turfgrass research and education in New Jersey. Those men of 60 years ago deserved a medal. Unfortunately, the research and ne­ cessary knowledge are far from com­ plete on growing fine turf. Added to this is the nature of the work which de­ mands a balance of very delicate deci­ sions. There is a trace of luck in maintaining consistently high quality fine turf. This means most superintendents can scarcely go through days, weeks or months of difficult summer weather without struggling or suffering some turf failure. While new techniques will develop and some may contribute greatly, fine turf is so delicate that it will always be necessary to use the greatest care with watering, disease control, nitrogen use, mowing, use of chemicals and new techniques. Nevertheless, pinpointing the cause of turf problems still holds benefits. The 1988 summer was not the wettest on record, but some turf suf­ fered from poor drainage during the rains of late July. Most golf courses can benefit from off-season drainage correction or improvement in their irri­ gation system. These strategies can help your work through the ’’thrills” awaiting you in the 1989 season. ♦ REE Parkmaster The Professional for large areas. The Toro’ Parkmaster mows swaths from 30 inches to 18 1/2 feet wide -up to 80 acres a day. With a 7 or 9 unit hydraulically controlled frame it has a compact pattern of gangs lor easy mowing, easy transporting The Parkmaster is the mowing tractor built to take Spartan gangs Comes with powerlul gas or diesel engine with cab and roll over protection system (ROPS) optional TORO Storr Tractor Co 3191 U S Highway 22 Somerville NJ 08876 201/722-9830 The Professionals that keep you cutting. "Will the Earth's Greenhouse Problems Please Stand Up" We have heard ”acid rain” and the ’’protective ozone layer” mentioned as probelms for the earth and its inhabi­ tants. Scientists report that methane, a trace gas of the atmosphere, has doubled in recent years. It is cons- dered second only to carbon dioxide as a contributor to the ’’greenhouse ef­ fect.” This layer absorbs heat that would escape into space. Decaying organic matter in wet areas produces methane. The acreage of rice paddies is increasing one per cent per year. Ruminants contribute. It is estimated that cattle lose fifteen percent of their dietary energy as methane. Scientists from the National Center for Atmo­ spheric Research in Boulder, Colorado estimate termites to be responsbile for 25 to 30 percent of the methane in the atmosphere. A study in Texas indicat­ ed the weight of termites below ground was greater than the weight of cattle above ground. Studies and estimates of recent years tell us about different layers in the atmosphere that may change. Can our society fathom the true nature of these atmospheric horizons and can it find ways of managing them? A bigger question might be, "How fast are these changes developing?" ♦ REE God only asks for 10% of my income, what right does the government have to ask for 30% or more? Reasons Why Preemerge Crab­ grass Control Is Inconsistent —continued from page 1 some days before germination. Oth­ ers seemed effective when applied closer to crabgrass seedling emer­ gence. Still others appeared to kill by blocking rooting of the crabgrass seedling. In several tests, we were unable to demonstrate major loss of preemerge control by cultivation be­ fore or after the herbicide treatment. Added research seems certain to find that cultivation under specific condi­ tions could show reduced crabgrass control. Thus, it seems best to avoid spring cultivation as far as possible when preemerge is used. (12) While rain or irrigation may serve a purpose in initiating the herbicide action, excessive amounts can leach the preemerge barrier too deep for crabgrass control. Since preemerge herbicides have low solubility, they tolerate appreciable rain or watering. Much research is needed on the amount and timing periods of watering for best results. country club GreensKeeper Lebanon Pro Professional Turf Products Lebanon TOTAL TURF CARE P. O. Box 189, Dayton, NJ 08810 P. O. Box 180, Lebanon, PA 17042 A division of Lebanon Chemical Corporation Analyzing and Dealing with Poor Results or Failure with Preemerge Programs When a preemerge does not live up to expectations, several possible ex­ planations include: •••Preemerge program may be disap­ pointing because the best herbicides do not commonly give 99-100% con­ trol. Review the herbicide types for next year. •••Indeterminate germination that gives several crops of crabgrass seedlings, such as in 1988, occurs frequent­ ly in this region. These con­ ditions are far more difficult than seasons with only one flush of germination in May. •••A lack of consistent and good turf cover can give continuous germination. •••A high cut or longer un­ mowed turf may interfere with best results. •••The prescribed rate of chemical application or other procedures are wrong. Wilfred MacDonald, Inc. 340 Main Avenue Clifton, NJ 07014 201-471-0244 •Jacobsen •Olathe •Notional ’Gravely •Giant Vac •Droyhill • Cushman • Howard • FMC • Smithco •Terra-Care This chemical has a good safety margin on the Kentucky bluegrass-ryegrass type turf. Preemerge crabgrass herbicides are here to stay. A few new and better ones will become available. And with more re­ search and experience, some of our present herbicides can be more useful. We have heard the old familiar recom­ mendation of growing better turf for Figure 2. Crabgrass can be prevented from surviving to this size. Give Preemerge Some Postemerge Help If the preemerge shows poor control in June and early July, remember the postemerge fenoxaprop-ethyl (Ac­ claim) gives control of young crab­ grass plants. This herbicide can con­ trol the young crabgrass that would grow through the rest of the season. crabgrass control. This is true, but pre­ emerge gives us a powerful tool to reach the best of control — namely, to­ tal control. •REE Look wise, say nothing, and grunt. Speech was given to conceal thought. — William Osler The passion for equality produces uniformity which produces mediocrity. — Alexis DeTocqueville It is a bad plan that admits of no modi­ fication. Minimizing Nitrogen Losses —continued from page 1 large totals of nitrogen in a single appli­ cation and "watering-in” with only moder­ ate amounts of water or rainfall reduce leaching loss. Slow release nitrogen can reduce leaching loss, but it does not give more overall growth in many cases. It can re­ lease nitrogen when turfgrass may not need it. Also, it is difficult for the grass and soil organisms to get the last bit of slow-release nitrogen (it is estimated that natural organic carriers will retain 1- 1.5% nitrogen in the soil after use). While using smaller applications of nitro­ gen and "proper watering-in" will reduce leaching loss, there can be agronomic benefit from the smaller, more frequent applications on tender fine turf. Nitrogen loss in runoff might be classed a leaching loss. As water accu­ mulates on the surface it may carry dis­ solved nitrogen or sweep (or float) off ni­ trogen-bearing particles. Good turf WE CAN HELP YOU GROW better quality turf Johnathan Green stocks more bluegrass, fine textured rye- grass and turf-type tall fescue varieties than any other seed house in the mid- atlantic and eastern states. Johnathan Green stocks an entire range of insecticides, herbicides, fertilizers and specialty turf products for professional lawn services, golf courses, municipalities, sod growers, hydro-seeders and al, landscape contractors. Johnathan Green provides you with product information, custom turf care programs and prompt knowledgeable attention to your particu­ lar turf problems... large or small. FOR THE FASTEST SERVICE IN THE EAST CALL Johnathan Green FARMINGDALE, NEW JERSEY 07727 IN NEW JERSEY 201-938-7007 1-800-526-2303 OUT OF STATE BEAM CLAY THE PROFESSIONAL S CHOICE . . SINCE 1922 BEAM CLAY IS THE RED BASEBALL MIX USED BY THE U.S.A. AND CANADA. PROFESSIONAL TEAMS ACROSS SPECIAL MIXES FOR PITCHER'S MOUNDS, HOMEPLATE AREAS & WARNING TRACKS. BOTH AVAILABLE IN BULK OR BAGS 201-637-4191 PARTAC PEAT CORPORATION KELSEY PARK GREAT MEADOWS,NJ. 07838 PARTAC GOLF COURSE TOP-DRESSING AMERICA'S PREMIUM TOP-DRESSING HEAT TREATED CONTROL THATCH, PROMOTE HEALTHY TURF & SMOOTH PLAYING SURFACES cover buffers and cleanses water runoff. Timing nitrogen application with light "watering-in” or with smaller rains helps control this loss. Gaseous Losses of Nitrogen Denitrification occurs in soil when oxy­ gen is deficient and soil bacteria separ­ ate this component from nitrogen com­ pounds and release nitrogen. Wet soil, stagnant wetness and intense organism activity increase the chance and severi­ ty of the problem. No clear figure can be assigned for nitrogen loss from denitrifi­ cation. It will vary with amount of nitro­ gen present and the persistence of con­ ditions required for the process. Usually, the losses occur quickly, during a short period of time. With favorable condi­ tions, losses from nitrogen applications can run as high as 40-93% (3). What are the causes and what can turfgrowers do to minimize this form of nitrogen loss? The denitrifying bacteria develop readily in turf, agricultural fields and in other soils. Most of us have ob­ served the yellowing of plants in spots that stay flooded in corn or tomato fields. These examples demonstrate the importance of drainage and avoiding sat­ urated soils. More specifically for turf, the work of Mancino et al. (3) gives some guides pertaining to turf. They showed denitrification losses increase as soil water increases toward saturation and temperature increases up to 86° F. This potential loss is often overlooked, and is a good reason for reducing excessive wetness of turf soils. Nitrogen volatilization from urea has been recognized almost from the time of its early use. This type problem was re­ ported in considerable detail 30 years ago (2,5). Losses of 30% from urea fer­ tilization are not uncommon and can reach 50%. Recently, ammonia volatili­ zation has received study as related to turfgrass culture. Some of the conclu­ sions that give guidance on reducing this type loss of nitrogen are: (a) Ammonia losses were higher from granular than from dissolved urea in most cases (4). Weseley, et al. (6) re­ ported high ammonia volatilization loss­ es from foliar applied urea rather than soil-applied urea where moisture levels favored initial urea hydrolysis and sub­ sequent drying. Volk et al. (5) in an earli­ er study with urea on bare sandy soil of Florida reported serious losses of nitro­ gen. (b) Ammonia volatilization is more se­ vere under alkaline conditions. (c) Ammonia loss from Kentucky blue­ grass cultures increased in controlled growth chambers as temperatures in­ creased from 50° to 72° F. (4). (d) Ammonia losses from urea in solution on Kentucky bluegrass turf at 68% rela­ tive humidity (r.h.) were greater than at 31% r.h. Losses from granular urea were not affected by humidity (4). (e) Major losses of ammonia from urea applications occur quickly, usually with­ in 24 hours (1). (f) Bowman et al.(1) reported 36% loss of nitrogen from urea without watering-in. A 3-8% loss and a 1% loss occurred with prompt watering of 0.4 inch and 1.6 inch­ es respectively. Titko et al. (4) reported decreased ammonia losses by watering- in with one inch of water following appli­ cation. (g) High nitrogen loss from urea occurs with thatch in Kentucky bluegrass turf. (h) Weseley (Nebraska) et al. reported high moisture levels on plant tissue (field grown Kentucky bluegrass) favored ini­ tial urea hydrolysis (6). Subsequent dry­ ing favored ammonia loss. Titko et al. (Ohio) (4) reported a surge in ammonia volatilization following periodic wetting on cultures receiving liquid ammonia — continued on page 6 Minimizing Nitrogen Losses —continued from page 1 treatments in controlled growth cham­ bers. This was not significantly apparent with granular urea application. Summary Volatilization of ammonia can give a major loss of nitrogen from turf. This type of loss is most serious with wetter soil, high temperature and thatch. On many turf sites, something more than 1/4 inch of watering is needed promptly to move fertilizer that generates ammonia into the soil. How is your luck in timing fertiliza­ tion with proper rains? This paper has emphasized volatiliza­ tion losses more than leaching and denit­ rification. Of course, we are not deem­ phasizing the latter. Moderate watering and drainage are important in minimizing these turf problems. While totals for these two types of losses are difficult to establish, I would speculate that with New Jersey rainfall and irrigation, denitri­ fication totals are higher than anticipat­ ed. The references used in this article are given for those of you who wish to give more study to nitrogen losses. •REE BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Bowman, D.C., Paul, J.L., Davis, W.B., and Nelson, S.H. (1987). "Reducing Ammonia Volatilization from Kentucky Bluegrass Turf by Irrigation. Hort. Sci. 22: 84-87. 2 Broadbent, N.E., Hill, G.N., and Tyler, K.B. (1958). "Transformations of Urea in Consider the advantages of sod Trap banks and edges, green and tee banks and areas along cart paths need special attention. Or even those traffic areas around the club and halfway houses. Consider Rebel sod: • Holds up better than Kentucky bluegrass • Requires less irrigation compared to Kentucky bluegrass • Requires less fertilizer than Kentucky bluegrass • Heat tolerant • Excellent dark green color • Greater disease resistance than most other turfgrasses In tough areas or wherever you want good-looking turf and less maintenance. Use Rebel sod. Lofts Seed Inc. World’s largest marketer of turfgrass seed Bound Brook, NJ 08805 (201) 356-8700 • (800) 526-3890 LOFTS Available through: S. Novasack Bros. Turf Farm South Seaville, NJ (609) 263-2400 Tuckahoe Turf Farms Tuckahoe, NJ (609) 628-2415 Bohm’s Sod Farm Woodbine, NJ (609) 861-2785 Pine Island Turf Pine Island, NY (914) 258-4545 Soils." Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. Proc. 22: 303-307. 3 Mancino, C.F., TorelIo, W.A. and Wehner, D.J. (1988). "Denitrification Losses from Ken­ tucky bluegrass sod." Agronomy Journal 80: 148-153. 4 Titko, S., Street, J.R. and Logan, T.J. (1987). "Volatilization of Ammonia from Gran­ ular and Dissolved Urea applied to Turfgrass." Agronomy Journal 79: 535-540. 5 Volk, G.M. (1959). "Volatile Loss of Am­ monia Following Surface Application of Urea to Turf and Bare Soils." Agronomy Journal 51: 746-749. 6 Weseley, R.W., Shearman, R.C., Kem- backer, E.J., and Lowry, S.R. (1987). "Ammonia Volatilization from Foliar applied Urea on Field Grown Kentucky Bluegrass" Hort. Scl. 22:1278-1280. PATRONS LISTING Michael P. Renzetti PLEASANT HILLS LANDSCAPING Golf Course Road Flanders, NJ 07836 (201) 927-1684 Samuel Leon LEON'S SOD FARMS Instant Lawn-Cultivated Grass Sod RD#1 Box 169 Frenchtown, NJ 08825 (201) 996-2255 Drew Madzin ROYAL LAWNS P.O. Box 236 Farmingdale, NJ 07727 (201) 780-4950 Philip H. Mowery BUNTON TURF PRODUCTS, INC. 4054 Quakerbridge Road Trenton, NJ 08619 (609) 799-4101 W.A. CLEARY CHEMICAL CORP. 1049 Somerset Street Somerset, NJ 08873 (201) 247-8000 [Turf Chem & Fert] Call: Barbara Cleary or Russ Ward Tony Russo LAWN POWER EQUIPMENT CO. Deines-Magnum 2000 Millington, NJ 07946 (201) 647-5804 PINE ISLAND TURF NURSERY, INC. Charlie Lain & Son — Growers Beautiful "Pineturf" Blends Quality Sod — Quality Service (201) 875-5125 or (914) 258-4545 John Wistrand, Tony Grasso METRO MILORGANITE, INC. P.O. Box 267 Hawthorne, NY 10532 (914) 347-4222 Would you like to rent space under the Patron's Listing? Five line ads will appear for three consec- utive issues for $50. Please contact: Sam Leon for info.