FRANK  LESLIE'S  .ILLUSTRATED  Ji/STORY  OF  Tl.IE  C.IV.IL  WAR. 

I:> 

• 

and  in  which  they  were  taken  to  New 
York. 

In  a  speech  delivered  to  the  people  of 

I:> 

Charleston  just  after  the  evacuation  Gov(cid:173)
ernor  Pickens  said,  amonO"  other  thincrs  · 
··  Thank  God  the w~r is  open,  and ·we  will 
conquer or perish. 
\Ve  have  humbled  the 
flag  of  t_he_  United  ta~es .. I  can  l_iere  say 
ro_you,  it  1s  the  first  time  rn  the  history  of 
tlus  country  that  the  Stars  and  Stripes 
have  been  humbl ed.  That  proud  flaa  was 
never lowered  before  to  any  nation  o~ the 
earth. 
It has  triumphed for seventy years. 
But  to day,  the  13th  of  April,  it  has  been 
humbl ed,  and  humbled  before  the  alorious 
little  ~tate of  South  Carolina."  The  next 
day,  Sunday,  the  fa]J  of  Sumter was  com(cid:173)
memorated  by  sermons  and  songs  in  the 
churches  of  Charleston.  Everyone spoke 
exul tingly  of the  result  of the  conflict. 

The galJant defense  of the .fort by Major 
Anderson  receiv'ed  due  recognition  in  the 

throughout  every free-labor  State.  Flags 
went  up everywhere,  even  on  the  spires  of 
churches  and  cathedrals,  and  women  and 
children  \Vore  reel,  white  and  blue  dresses 
and  ornaments.  Cannons  were  fired,  and 
enthusiastic  meetings.  addressed  by  elo(cid:173)
quent  orators,  were  hcl<l 
in  every  part 
of  the  North.  The  calls  of  the  different 
in  response  to  the 
Governors  for  troops 
President's proclamation  brought forth five 
or  six  times  the  number  of  volunteers 
called  for,  and soldiers were soon  on  their 
way  to  Washington  to  protect  it  from  a 
threatened  invasion. 

Immediately  upon  learning  of  President 
Lincoln's  action  the  chief  of  the  Southern 
Con[ ederacy  also  issued  a  call  for  troops 
from  the  Southern  States,  and  it  was  re(cid:173)
ceived  with  the  same  enthusiasm  as  was 
manifested  over  the  Northern  call. 

It was  at  this  time  that Virginia,  which 
had  been  wavering  between  the  two  sec-

Another  assault  by  the  Virginia  troops 

was  directed against the  na~y yard ~t Gos(cid:173)
port,  opposite  Norfolk,  on  the  Ehzal.Jcth 
It  con(cid:173)
River,  and  was  more  successful. 
tained about  two  thousand  pi<:ces  of heavy 
cannon,  a  large  amount  of  munitions  of 
war,  naval  stores,  etc.,  and  in  the  waters 
around  it were several war ships.  The post 
was  in  charge  of  Commodore  Charles  S. 
McCauley,  who,  for  fear  they  would  be 
seized,  had  the  vessels  in  the  river  scut(cid:173)
tled and sunk. 
Just  as  this  had  been  ac(cid:173)
complished,  Captain  Paulding,  who  had  re(cid:173)
cently been appointed  to McCauley's  place, 
arrived  on  the  scene,  and ordered  the fur(cid:173)
ther destruction  of all  the  public  property 
at the  navy yard.  But  when  the  Confed(cid:173)
erates broke into  the post they managed to 
save  a  vast  number  of  heavy  guns  and 
some  of  the vessels.  One of  the latter,  the 
Merriniac,  they  afterward  converted  into 
a  powerful  ironclad. 

SCENE  IN  CAl\fP  NEAR  FALMOUTH,  VA.-ARMY  BLACKSMITH  SHOEING  A  REFRACTORY 

l\IULE . 

• 

North.  The  loyal  people  of  New  York, 
Philadelphia  and  Taunton,  Mass.,  showed 
their  gratitude  by  substantial  tokens,  and 
the  President  of  the  United  States  at once 
commissioned  the  major  a  brigadier  gen(cid:173)
eral  in  the  army. 

The  roar  of  the  cannon  in  Charleston 
harbor  awoke  the  people  of the  North  to 
a  proper appreciation  of the seriousness  of 
the  trouble 
that  had  come  upon  them. 
They forgot  all  minor  differences  and P?(cid:173)
litical  animosities,  and  presented  a  solid 
front  in  their  loyalty to  the  Union.  The 
President,  who  at  fir~t  hardly grasped  the 
significance  of the  fact  that several  States, 
one  after  the  other,  had  thrown  off  their 
allegiance  to  the  republic  and  seized  all 
the forts  and arsenals within  thf.:ir  borders, 
was  aroused,  and  or. 
the  day  af tcr  the 
evacuation  of  Sumt~r issued  a  proclama(cid:173)
tion  in  which  he  called  for  75,000  troops 
to  protect  the  Union.  A  loud  shout  of 
iipprov~l  and  enthusiasm  greeted  this  call 

tions,  declared  herself  out  of  the  Union. 
The  people were  summoned  to  arms,  and 
preparations were at once  made  to  capture 
the  armory  and  arsenal  of  the  United 
States at Harper's Ferry.  Here were stored 
almost  ninety thousand muskets.  The com(cid:173)
mander  of  this  post,  Lieutenant  Roger 
Jones,  had  learned  of  the  impending  dan(cid:173)
ger and  was  fully  prepared for it.  As soon 
as  he  heard  that  about  two  thousand  Vir(cid:173)
ginia militia were  on  their way to seize  the 
post and were but  a  mile  away,  he set fire 
to all  the  government  buildings  by means 
of a  train  of  gunpowder  that  he  had  care(cid:173)
fully  laid,  and  escaped with  his  little garri(cid:173)
son  of  forty  men  across  a  railroad  bridge 
into  Maryland,  and  thence  to  Carlisle  Bar(cid:173)
in  Pennsylvania.  The  Virginians 
racks 
were 
thus  prevented  from  securing  the 
larae  quantity  of  firearms  th ey  expected; 
bur they took  possession  of  llarpcr's  Ferry 
and  macle  it  an  important point  for  future 
oper<l.tions. 

This  important  post  was  recovered  by 
the  Federals  early  in  May,  the  following 
year. 

CHAPTER  III. 

PREPARATIONS  FOR  SEIZING  THE  CAPITAL - As  wERI'\G 
IXT!i  M.l..SSACHUSE£Ts 
THE  CALL  FOR  TROOPS-TIIE 
REGIMENT  AT'rACKED  BY  A  l\Ion - CRITICAL  Cmmr(cid:173)
TION  OF  W ASilINGTON-A  S.\SSI:<.\TlON  OF  COLO:\EL 
ELLSWORTH-BA'l'l'IiE  OF  BIG  J3ETUEL. 
SooN  after  the  call  for  troops  had been 

made on  both sides the leaders  of the Con(cid:173)
federacy  began  active  preparations for  the 
capture of the national capital.  Alexander 
I I. Stephens started  the cry, "On to \Vash(cid:173)
ington !"and it was  taken up and resounded 
throughout the slave-labor States.  Troops 
were  rapidly  marshaled  into service  in  Vir· 
g inia,  and the newspapers  of  the  South ur 
gently demanded  the attack upon  the  city. 
One  of  the  Richmond  papers  declared : 
"  There  never  was  half  the  unanimity 
among  the  people  before,  nor  a  tithe  ot 
the  zeal  upon  any  subject.  that  is  now 

FRANK  LRSLIES  ILLUSTIU!TED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CJYIL  WAR. 

to  "serve  dunng  the  war. 

sued  on  May  3d,  calling  for  64,i:.>00  mo~e 
voluntr:crs for the army, and  r8,ooo,f 0r, the 
r .e 
navy 
·  1 1  as  1t 
' 
capital  s<Jon  became  a  vast  c1tac c, 
was  made  the  rendezvous  for  all 
trr1ops 
raised  eastward  of  the  Alleghany  ?\-T o~nt­
arns.  Thousands  of  soldiers  poured  rnto 
the  city and were  quartered  in  all  the  pub(cid:173)
lic  buildings. 

When  Virginia  resolved  to  enter  the 
Confederacy Colonel  Robe~t E.  Lee •. who 
was then an  engineer officer in the National 
Army, resigned his  commission a~d w£::nt  to 
Richmond,  where  he  was  cordially  wel(cid:173)
comed  and given  the supreme command of 
the  Confederate  forces.  Lee's  first  step 
was to arrange  for the erection  of a  battery 
of heavy guns  on Arlington Heights, which 
commanded  a  good  view  of  the  city  of 
Washington.  But  before  this work  could 
be  started  the  National  troops  took  pos(cid:173)
session  of  Arlington  Heights  and  Alex(cid:173)
andria.  Ellsworth's  New York  Fire  Zou(cid:173)
aves were among these troops,  and crossed 
to  Alexandria  in  two  schooners.  Another 
body was sent  over the  Long  Bridge,  and 
another  the  Aqueduct  Bridge  at  George(cid:173)
town.  These  latter troops,  under  General 
Irwin McDowell,  erected  the  first  redoubts 

· 

at 

if  h'·  p . 

wcu;  made  on  batt 
and  the  flotilla  was  repulsed . ar d Ca~ 
Ward  vas  killed.  For many month 
· 
batteries  defied  the 
4: 
the  Potomac was  ·ff  ctiv  ly  b}c,  hded 

atiunal  v 

At  tH;  time,  in  J!-1ne,  1861,  th· Ct'Il{f:O 
crate  Co· crnment,  m  ord er  to  be  r .... T!-r 
'Washington,  left  Mon tg~m!!ry  and  Jr.ad 
their  headquarters  at  R1c:~mond.  l!f'>t: 
in  the  la~ter  city  th,;ir  Prts. 
his  arrival 
ident,  J dferson  Davis,  addrc.."Sscd  a 
u~ 
J le  spoke  some  b;u.er 
ti tu de  of  people. 
· ationa I  Governmen~ 
words  against  the 
and  after  saying  that  there was  "not  one 
true son  of  the  South who was  not  ready 
to shoulder his  mu~ket, to  bleed,  to die cir 
to  conquer in the cause of liberty here/' 1-•. 
declared  "\Ve have  now reached  the point 
where,  arguments  being  exhausted,  it only 
remains  for  us  to  stand  by  our weapons. 
When  the  time  and  occasion  serve,  we 
shall smite  the smiter with  manly anns, a 
did  our fathers  before  us  and  as  becomes 
their  sons.  To  the  enemy  w~ leave  the 
base  acts  of  the  assassin  and  incendiary. 
To  them  we  leave  it  to  insult  helpJes_, 
women ;  to  us  belongs  vengeance  upon 
man." 

m:u1ifc:stcd  to  take Washington  ancl  drive 
from  1t  every  Hlt1ck  RepulJlican  who  is  a 
dwdl< r  thc.:rc. 
tops 
and  valleys  to  the  shores  of the  sea tlwre: 
is  OIH!  wild  shout of fierce  rc;solve  to  capt(cid:173)
ur<;  Washington  city,  at  all  an<l  every hu(cid:173)
man  hazard." 

J•rom  the  mountain 

Tlw  preparations  for  the  seizure  o.  the 

capital  were  made  in  secret,  and  the:  peo(cid:173)
ple  of  the:  North  knew nothing of th!.!  con(cid:173)
tcmplate<l  attack  until 
the  Confederates 
were  almost  ready  to  make  it.  But  the 
call  for  troops  had  been  issued,  and  a 
large  body  of  armed  men  were  soon  on 
its way  to  protect  the  government  and  its 
rulers. 

assailed 

Pennsylvania 

Massachusetts  was  the  first  to  answer 
the  President's  call  by sending  one  of  its 
regiments,  the  Sixth,  Colonel  Jones,  to 
\Vashington. 
immediately 
followed, and  on  account of its  closer prox(cid:173)
imity to  \Vashington  its  regiment was  the 
first  to  reach  the  capital.  The  Pennsyl(cid:173)
vanians  met with a slight resistance on their 
arrival  at  Baltimore from  a  mob  of  Seces(cid:173)
sionists,  who wished  to  make their State a 
barrier  across  the  pathway  of  the  troop.,, 
from 
the  North  and  East;  but  when 
the  regiment  from  Massachusetts  reached 
the  city,  and  were 
marching  from  one 
railroad  station  to 
another, fully ro,ooo 
persons  had  gath(cid:173)
ered  in  the  streets, 
and 
the 
soldiers  with  mis(cid:173)
siles  of all kinds.  A 
severe fight  ensued, 
in  which 
three  of 
the 
troops  w e r e 
killed  and  nine  of 
their assailants.  In(cid:173)
t  en s e  excitement 
was  produced  by 
this  tragedy,  as  it 
,,·as  the  first  shed(cid:173)
ding  of  b 1 o o d. 
the  arrival 
Upon 
of  the  soldiers 
in 
they 
\Vashington 
found  that  all  com(cid:173)
munication  between 
that  city  and 
the 
. -orth,  by  railroad 
and  telegraph,  was  cut  off  through  the 
orders  of  the  :VIayor  and  Chief  of  Police 
of  Baltimore:.  The  capital  was  in  a  crit(cid:173)
ical  condition,  and  intense  anxiety  was 
manif<::sted 
free-labor 
States.  For  a  time  it  seemc:d  as  if  the 
city could n<Jt  be saved.  Then  the" Union 
Uefonsc:  Committee," a  society  of some  of 
the  ]1·ading citizens of  New York  city, held 
a  confr.:rence  with  the  Governor  of  the 
State (l'.I organ) and General John E. vVool, 
c<Jmmandc:r  of the  Eastern  Department of 
the  army,  which  included  the whole  coun(cid:173)
try  cast  <A  the  M ississipp_i  River.  At tl:is 
confucnce  a  plan  of  act10n  for  the  r~ltef 
0 f  the  capital  was  formc:d  a~d  put  1~to 
ov~ration.  'I roops  and  su~plies wc:re  _1m(cid:173)
mediatdy sent forward, an<l  m  a  short time 
the  capital  was  put  out  of  ?anger.  Gen(cid:173)
c;ral  B.  I·.  Butler,  with a  regiment  o_f  M_as(cid:173)
sachusl'th  troops.  open~~ commum~at1on 
with  \Vashington  lJy  se1z111g  tJ1e  railroad 
lwtw<..:<~n Annapolis and  the capital  and t~k­
ing  lJosse<:.:;ion  .of  the  Relay  House,  111ne 
miles f rnm  Baltimore. 

throughout 

It  was  now  clearly  perceived  that  th~ 
r  Of  ln .1J1"tia  call<·d  out  by the  Pres1-
n u 111  ;<; 
d1·nt.'s  JJrocfomation  would  not be a?<:quate 
,'tll  tlw  force  arrayPd agarnst  the 
1<1  <.<>J;<;  \\I 
.  . 
U ni<Jn,  and  another  proclamattun  was  is-

the 

I 

. 

~ 

• 

-

little 

The  campaign  in  West Virginia opened 
briskly  in  MG.y.  A 
body  of  Confeder(cid:173)
ates  was  b ad I y 
routed  at  Philippi, 
and  a 
later 
th e y  received  an(cid:173)
other blow  at  Rom(cid:173)
ney  from  an  Indi(cid:173)
ana  zouave  regi(cid:173)
ment,  Jed  by  Colo(cid:173)
nel  Lewis  Wallace. 
This  regiment,  one 
of  the  best  disci(cid:173)
plined  in  the  field, 
had  for  some  time 
been doing  nothing 
in  Southern  Indi(cid:173)
ana,  and  upon  \Yal-
1 ace:' s  solicitation 
they  were  ordered 
to  Cum!Jerland,  to 
tn  General 
report 
Robert  Patterson, 
who was  on  his way 
to  attack  Gr-r.eral 
Joseph  E.  John(cid:173)
\Vallace's  regi 
ston,  at  Harper's  r"erry. 
ment  covered  the  ground  between  Jodi· 
ana and Cumberland in  three days.  Then 
resting  a  clay.  they  started  out  to  attack 
the  Confederates  at  Romney. 
They 
reached  the  enem;'s  camp  two  days  afL 
erward,  and  at  once  attacked  it  The 
result  \Vas  a  complete  rout,  the  Confed· 
erates seeking shelter in  the forests.  These 
movements  caused  Johnston  to lea\·e  Har· 
per's  Ferry  and  take  up  a  position  near 
Winchester. 
. '?Jhile  all  this was  going on  in  \Vest Vir: 
g1111a  there were  stirring events  near  for 
tress 
i\Ionroe.  The  Confederate::.  wed 
planning to  capture that  post,  and  Colo~., 
J.  B.  ~Iag-ruder  was  sent  down 
the  \'i · 
ginia  Peninsula  with  a  considerable  force 
for  that pur1Josc ·  while General  B. f.  B\.~r· 
f  1f· 
1 
er,  in  command  of the  Department 0 
• 
' orth  Carolina,  with  headqu~. 
ginia  and 
k'  er 1ne:i. 
I~ 
t 
crs  at 
' ortress  ~Ionroe,  was  ta · 10., 
t  C\( 
to  oppost!  him.  A  detac~nien \\'. 
ures 
troops,  comman<le<l  bv  Genera,  E.f'f•h 
1) 
I  ,1 
~ carcc.  and  consi ·tin g- of  Durr  e-To"'11· 
Zou ave  N cw York  P e«iment  and 
.r 
from 
<l• 
it  "  : 
sen  s 
1 [ampton  to  Little  Bethel,  , •her~  .J 
~ 
arran~ ·d 
be  j<ll~:U 
detachments  from 

ol  nel  Phelp:-:> 

th ' \'  wer · 

11rd,  was 

·r1 · 

::-
nt 

ut 

• 

' 

'c; 

11 

t 

REMAINS  OF  A  CO!\FEDERATE  CAMP  AT  MA..'USSAS . 

constructed  by  the National  troops  in  the 
Civil  War.  They  were  built  on  the  spot 
where  Lee proposed  to  erect a  Confederate 
battery. 

The  Secessionists  in  Alexandria  natu(cid:173)

rally  did  not  relish  the capture of their city 
by the  Federals,  and  one  of them,  the  pro(cid:173)
prietor of the  iviarshall  House,  showed  his 
resentment  by  ref using  to  take  down  the 
Confederate  flag  flying  on  his  roof.  See(cid:173)
ing  this,  Colonel  Ellsworth,  with  one  or 
two  of  his  zouaves,  rushed  up  the  stairs 
and  pulled  down  the offending colors.  A<:. 
they  descended with  the  flag  in  their hands 
the tavern keeper picked  up  a  gun and shot 
the gallant young  colonel  dead,  only to  be 
immediately  killed  himself  by one  of  the 
zouaves. 
In  the  meantime  Captain  J.  H.  \Vard 
h__ad  been  sent  to  Hampton  Roads,  near 
Fortress  Monroe,  with  a  flotilla  of  armed 
vessels,  to  dislo?ge  a  Confederate  battery 
on  Sewells  Pomt,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Elizabeth  River.  This  was  soon  accum(cid:173)
plished .af tcr a  sharp  engagement. 
\Van! 
thcn. sailed  up  the  Potomac  River,  and  at 
Aqu1a  Creek,  about  sixty  miles  Lc.:low 
\Vash~ngton,  he  t!ncountere<l  some  heavy 
batten~s_.  A  sharp  fight  took  place,  with 
no  dec1s1ve  rc.:sult.  A  little later an  attack 

FR.ANA.  LE)LfE'S  ILLU.  TRATED  HISTORY  OF  TJIB  CIVIL  WAN. 

•  '1.5.1 

mand  at  Newport  News,  which  was  com(cid:173)
posed  of  battalions  of  Massachusetts  an<l 
teub  n  Rifle  Regi(cid:173)
\'ermont  troops.  the 
ment  of 
T cw  Yark,  and  a  battery of  two 
light  field  pieces  in  charge  of  Lieutenant 
John  T.  Greble,  of the  regular  army. 

s  these  two  columns  approached  each 

other  in  the  dead  of  night  they  unfortu(cid:173)
nately  took  one  another  for  enemies  and 
began  firing.  The  mistake was  soon  dis(cid:173)
CO\'ered,  but  not  before  several  men  had 
been  killed.  The  combined  columns then 
marched  on  toward  Big  Bethel.  The noise 
of  the  firing  had  put  the  Confederates  on 
their guard.  There was  a  short  but  sharp 

It was called  to  con· 
day,  July 4th,  186 r. 
sider an<l  Lake  immediate action upon means 
for  the salvation  of the  republic.  The con(cid:173)
dition  of  the:  country dema11clc:d the prom pl 
attention  of its  legislators.  Civil  war  had 
begun  in  earnest.  Both  inside  ancl  outside 
the  capital  plans  were  being  mack  lo  at(cid:173)
tack  it.  Gen ·ral  Beauregard,  with a  large 
force  of  Confederates,  was  preparing  to 
march  upon  the  city,  and  in  the  halls  of 
Congress  and  in  the  President's  house  se(cid:173)
cret emissaries were  supposed to  be  prowl(cid:173)
ing about, bent  upon  some deadly purpose. 
Several  of 
the  European  governments 
were  beginning to  recognize  the  Southern 

r;v1;n 

assure 

Vr)ll  may 

mom<·nt  that  they can  grant  thnt  appl.ic:t· 
ti on  and  remain  th1;  fri  ·nrls  of  the:  U n1t 1;d 
States. 
them 
promptly,  in  that casr;,  that  if  th ·y  <1  ·t1·r(cid:173)
minc:  to  rc-c<>gniw  tlv;y  may ~1l  .thr;  s:u.nr: 
time:  prepare  to  e;nt<.:r  mto an  al11anr.e  with 
the  ene;mic:s  of  this  rcpulJlic.  Yon  al<JrH; 
will  represent  your  country  at  L()ndor~, 
an<l  you  will  re;present  th<;  wh?l;  of  1t 
there.  When yon  arc  asked to d1v1de  that 
duty  with  others,  diplomatic  relati()OS  be(cid:173)
tween  the govr;rnm1'.nt of Great  Britain anri 
this g-ovc:rnment will  be <,11spr;ndr;d,  and will 
remain  so  until  it  shall  be  s<;1:n  which  rJf 
the  lwo  is  most  strongly  intrcnchcd  in the 

THE  srnGE  OP  VICKSBURG  GENERAL  GRAN'r  MEETING  THE  CONFEDERA'rE  GENERAL  PEM1.mn:roN  A'l' 

JNSIDJ!1  TH.E  CON1''.EDI~HA'.r.E  WOHKS,  ON 

'l'IlE  MOUNING  OF  JULY  1:m,  186a. 

'£HE  STO  J~  HO  8E, 

engagement,  and  the  Nationals  were  re(cid:173)
pulsed.  At  this  battle  the  first  officer  of 
th<;  regular  army  to  fall  in  the  war  was 
kilk<l-Lit1itenant  Gre;ble.  This  defeat 
of  thr;  1· ukral  troops greatly alarmed  the 
peopl<;  of  the 
It  caused  great 
r.:xcitemcn t 
timr;,  but  other  and 
m<Jn;  imp()rtant  cve;nts  soon  occurred  to 
attract  the  aW;ntion  of the  nation. 

; • orth. 

for  a 

CHAPTER  JV. 

£1 J'JUOJllJJ!llill'r 

fh!8HI<JY 

f1f'  (~, ' <JI:IN!--

,\f(J, V.Y(cid:173)

<11' 

'1111Jf1111  A,  /J 

'11  \\!1Jm: 

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r11  THY.  WAH 

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A 
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111r; ·1 Ar  - 'J'w,: 
r1P  H11  sr 
'J w. "1'1mtu.'11"  :\f rwuK1:. 
t·xtra<1r<linary  essi< n  r,f  Crmgn.:ss 
ati<Jnal  capit<tl  on 'J  hur Y" 

()(),  flfCl'JIH 

.AU· 

Confederacy,  and  were  preparing  to  give 
it  moral  and  material  aid.  Among  these 
governments  was  Great  Britain,  ancl  that 
country's  open  recognition  of  the  incle(cid:173)
pendencc  of  the  Confederacy  was  pre(cid:173)
vented  only  by the high  position  taken by 
Secretary of State  Seward,  who,  in  his  in(cid:173)
structions to the  new  representative  at the 
Court  of  St.  Jam es,  Mr.  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  said :  "You  will  in  no  case  listc:n 
to  any suggcsti<>ns  of  compromise  Ly  this 
govemm<;nt,  under  forcign  auspices,  with 
If, as  the  l'resi(cid:173)
its  disc(Jntentecl  citizens. 
<lent  clor;s  not  at  all  apprr.:hcnd,  you  shall 
unhappily  ftnrl  he~  m:1j<;sty's  govtrnnwnt 
tfJkr<iting  th<~  appltcat10n'>  <Jf  the:  s<J·cullecl 
C<JnfoderaV:  Staks  CJr  wavering  about  it, 
y<JU  will  not lea vc  thr.:m  t<J  supp ob<.:.  for  a 

confi<lencc  of  their  respective  nations  and 
of  mankind." 

It was  a  critical  time  in  the  history  of 
r a(cid:173)

the rc:pu bl ic,  and  the  members  of  the 
tional  L  ·gislature  rc:sponclccl  promptly  to 
the call  for  an  extra  session.  There  w1:rl; 
representatives  of  twenty-three  Stal ·s  in 
the.:  Sc.:nate  and  I 54  Mcmbers of the  11 ousc 
in  their  SC'ats  on  the  first  day  of  the  s<; .. 
sion,  while  ten  slave-labor  States were  not 
represented. 

In his  message  to  this  Congress  Pr ·s1· 
dent  Lincoln  n  comm ·nded  that  at  lea<>t 
four  h11nclrc'.d  thou!-tand  111<.:.11  and  four  hu11-
drul  millions  of  dollars  111.:  plac ·11  at  the 
conlrrJl  of  th1;  governm ·nt,  so  as  to  11wki· 
the.  contest  in  the  pn.:scrv<llion  of  th~ 
U mon  a 
!:>liort  and  d1.:cisiv  ·  ont.  The 

•154 

FRANK  LESLIE'S 

ILLU.S T'DAT'ED  JJ/..S'TOR y  OF  TJIE  CIVIi~  /VAR. 

u\. 

the  Confederate 

exhibited by tnese  American  women  every(cid:173)
where." 
\Vhile 

troops,  under 
Beauregard,  were  ga.thered  at  Manassas, 
awaiting an  opportunity to  march  upon the 
capital,  detachments  were  sent  out  along 
line  of  the  Upper  Potoma~  from 
the 
Georgetown  to  Leesburg  on  foraging ex(cid:173)
peditions.  On June  r 7th  one  ?f  these d~­
tachments  came  into contact with  an  Ohw 
regiment  at Vienna.  A  sharp  skirmish. re(cid:173)
sulted.  The  Confederates  were  defeated, 
but  soon  returned  and  captured  Vienna 
and  Falls  Church,  at  which  latter  village 
many stirring  scenes  afterward  occurred. 

In 

the  early  part  of  July  General 
George  B.  McClellan,  with  ro,ooo  men, 
started  out from  Grafton,  Va.,  to  make an 
attack  upon  Laurel  Hill,  near  Beverly, 
where  General  R.  S.  Garnett,  in  command 
of the  Confederate forces  in  Western  Vir(cid:173)
ginia,  had  his  headquarters.  At the same 
time  he  sent  4,000  men,  under  General 
T.  A.  Morris,  toward  the  same  point  by 
way  of  Philippi.  Then  still  another  de(cid:173)
tachment,  under  General  Hill,  proceeded 

t 

P ·gram  soon  got  his  troops 

again,  and  being re-enfor  <l,  ••a  ~tot! 
attempt the  reco\ ery of  Laurd  Hill 
he  heard of the  approach of . fcCJi.·" 
disappeared  in  the  night  \'ithout·~~--. 
IcClellan, ho \··\·tr,C.:  . 
to be attacked. 
up  with  him  and compelled  hie;  urre ·  · 
with  600  follo ,·ers.  Being  Ht  u r, 
ported,  Garnett also  withdrew in  th.~ 
ness.  He was pursue.d  by  General ~lc:-t 
and overtaken at <;=arncksford,  on  a bra:(cid:173)
of  the  Cheat  Rn·er.  Here  he  madr· 
stand and  bra\·ely defended  himstlf, bu:.: 
resulted  in  his  death  and  the  <lisper  ionl ,1
; 
his  forces.  During this  time  ex-Govi::rn:.. 
Wise,  with  a  considerable  body  of  Co;.~ 
federates,  was  defeated  and  dri\'en  ou·  , 1 
his  position  in  the  Great  Kanawha reo-;o~ 
of West Virginia  by a  force  of  Ohio tr~0• 1 
under General  J.  D.  Cox.  These triump~' 
of  the  Federals  prompted  l\I cClellan  re 
say,  in  a  dispatch  to the  \\' ar  Department 
"We have  completely  annihilated  the  en(cid:173)
emy in  vVest  Virginia.  Our  Joss  is  abou: 
r 3  killed  and  not  more  than  40  wounded, 
while  the  enemy's  loss  is  not far from  200 
killed,  and  the  num(cid:173)
ber  of  prisoners  we 
have  taken  will 
amount 
to  at  least 
r,ooo. 
\\'e have capt(cid:173)
ured  se,·en  of  the 
guns  of  the  enemy 
in  all." 

Secretary  of  War  (Simon  Cameron)  rec(cid:173)
ommended  the  enlistment of men  for three 
years.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
(Salmon  P.  Chase)  asked  $J20,ooo,ooo for 
war purposes  and  the  current  expenses of 
the government.  He proposed  to  raise  the 
money  by  an  increase  of taxes  and  the  is(cid:173)
sue  of  interest-bearing  Treasury  notes  or 
bonds. 

These suggestions were  all  carried  out. 
Congress at  once authorized  the  raising of 
500,000 troops,  and  made an  appropriation 
of $500,oc:io,ooo to defray the expenses of the 
war.  Thts  prompt and energetic action  on 
the ~art of  <:;ongress  stirred  up  the  people 
of  :. .. e  free-labor  States,  and  enthusiasm 
was  at  fever  heat. 

formed  for 

This enthusiasm was  not  manifested  by 
the  rnen  of the country alone.  The women, 
too,  were  aroused,  and  demonstrated  their 
patriotism  by attending  the  sick,  wounded 
c:nd  dying  in  the  hospitals,  and  preparing 
ltnt and bandages.  Associations  of women 
were 
this  benevolent  work. 
l\Iiss  Dorothea  L.  Dix  was  the  leader  in 
this  movement,  and  gave  her  services  to 
the  government  gra-
tuitously,  organizing 
at  once  a  splendid 
system  of  providing 
comfort  for  the  sick 
and  wounded  so 1-
diers. 

In  accepting  her 
services  Secretary  of 
\Var  Cameron  issued 
th i s  ca r d :  " Be  it 
known  to  all  whom 
it  may  concern  that 
the  free  services  of 
l\Iiss  D.  L.  Dix  are 
accepted  by  the  \Var 
Department, and that 
she  will  give,  at  all 
times,  all  necessary 
aid 
in  organizing 
military  hospitals  for 
the  care  of  all  the 
sick  or  "·ounded  sol(cid:173)
diers,  aiding  the chief 
surgeons  by  supply(cid:173)
ing  nurses  and  sub(cid:173)
stantial mean$  for the 
comfort  and  relief of 
the  suffering;  a 1 so, 
that  she  is  fully  au(cid:173)
thorized 
to  receive, 
control  and  disburse 
special  supplies  bestowed  by  individua!s 
or  associations  for  the  comfort  of  their 
friends  or  the  citizen  soldiers  from  all 
parts  of 
:without 
receiving any  pecuniary  rewc:rd  this  young 
woman  labored  day  and  night  through(cid:173)
out  the  war  for  the  relief  of  suffering 
soldiers. 
" She  went  from  battlefield  to 
battlefield  when  the  carnage  was  over," 
says  a  historian  of  the_ war.;  "from  camp 
to  camp,  and  from 
tal  superintending  the  operations  of  the 
nu~ses,  and  administering  with  her  c:wn 
hands  physical  comforts  to  th~ . suff enng, 
and  soothing  the  tro.uble~  spmts.  of  the 
im·C\licl  or  dying  sol?1er  with  a  voice  low, 
musical  and  attractive,  and  always  bur(cid:173)
dcneJ  with  words  of  _heartfelt  sympathy 
d  relicrious  consolation . . . . .  Yet  she 
~~s notthe  only  Sister of  l\f ercy engaged 
. 
· I ..  1,oly  work.  She  had  hundreds  of 
t  l!S 
111 
1  arnest  sclf-sacn  c111rr  cowor ._ers 
t  eYotcc,  e 
I 
.  ntler  sex  all  over  the  land,  sen -
[  I 
. 
t  1C  (Jc 
0 
.  1:-,  c1ual  zeal  in  the cam1)s  an  10spi-
. 
111g- ... v1t  1  c 
t·tis  of  the 
1 ational  and  the. Con  cc era_tc 
cl  no  greater  heroism  was  dis-
arm1es,  an 
t 1an  was 
played  by so!Jiers  in 

the  U ni~ed  States." 

t10sp1tal.  to  hospi(cid:173)

fi  ld  1 
ic.: 

cl  I 
fl 

'fi  · 

the 

• 
, 

]· 

' 

< 

b 

• 

, 

At  the  time  Con(cid:173)
gress  assembled  on 
the  4th  of  ] uly  the 
Confederates  had  a 
good- sized  na'T  of 
twen tv armed  ,·essels. 
The first  of these Yes(cid:173)
sels  bore  the  name 
Lady  Da<.·is.  They 
were  all  priYateers 
fitted  out 
to  depre(cid:173)
date  upon  the  com(cid:173)
merce  of  the  C nited 
States.  One of them. 
the  Petrel  by  nalllt'. 
made  a  costly  error 
in 
supposing 
tl~e 
.ail(cid:173)
United  States 
il1g  friaate  St.  La•,' 
rence  '~as  a 
richly 
laden  merchantman. 
The mistake \\·as soon 
seen  by  the  crew  of 
the  Petrel,  when. 
eagerly making toward  the frigate  to  sei.:e 
it,  they  were  met  by  a  flash  and  a  ~an.,, 
that  sent  their  Yessel  to  the  bottom  1n  3 
twinkling. 

CHAPTER\'. 

. 

I 

d 

d 

at 

\\ T  h' 

.  b 
t 
ou 

BATrLE  OF  BULL  Rux -

as  1ngton  starte 

'' STo:-'Ew ALL"  ,T .!C'Kso'1 --~~ 
w AR  :m  M.rssouRr - EsGAGEllE~iT  AT  c_~ll-~~.~ 
B.nTLE  OF  '\'1Lsox's  CREEK-DE.\TH  01·  . ~·r;.  l1~ 
LYoN-FREi'1osT's  I'L-•.x  FOR  H:E..\cHI:SG  ~'' 
LEA..'IS. 
'01. 
Ox  the  afternoon  of  T uh- 161  1,  1c  1. 
«:lflr 
50,000  of  the  troops  that  had  ecn =-'. 
, 
;'\cr:ll'~' 
ere 
':-' \h· 
the  Confederate  ho-ts  intrenchcd  :ir  •  1 
nassas  Junction.  The  time  had  coinerri11 
make  ~n  atteml?t  to  d.ri:·e  bac_k  il~~l~ict=> 
J  i 
prepanng  to  seize  the  cit\'.  1 he. L 
ll 
eneral  Irwin  i\IcDo"c  . fl~l·,  !t-" 
un  er 
fi 
,.e  c n·1-1ons.  commandeu  Y 
:-~ttll' 
Generals  Daniel Tyler and Theolh')~~ r·t:e' 
yon,  and  Colonels  DaYid  I 1 unre~. ~·;!::." 
P.  Heintzelman  and 
~- ~ir  ,,. 
Their  opponents  had  stron.~  {  -l  ,. 
along  Bull  Run.  3  tributary  l  r r 1  tri.l: 
quan, from  l' n on ;\lills w  tht:  =-~;"no•  ' 
on  the  \Yarrenton  Turnpi ·  · ·  'i~ • r  ~!­
about  eig-ht  mil· s.  with  r  !>t?r,·  5  n · 

• 
l  b  brt' 3 

I.  .  . 

d  G 

rii:wn 

)\'t'>{I 

ARMY  COOKHOUSE  CONSTRUCTED 

IN  AN  OLD  CHIMNEY  OF  Ai~  OUTHOUSE  OF 

THE  LACY  MANSION,  ON  THE  RAPPAHANNOCK,  I<'.ALl\lOUTH,  YA.. 

learned 

to  a  point eastward  of  Philippi,  to  prevent 
th~ Confederates  from  joining Johnston  at 
\rV111chester.  Approaching  Laurel  Hill, 
l\IcClellan 
that  Colonel  John 
Pegram,  with  a  large  body  of  Confeder(cid:173)
ates,  was  strongly 
intrenched  at  Rich 
Mountain  Gap, just in  the rear  of  General 
Garnett's  position. 
\rVishina  to  dislodae 
this body before attacking G:rnett, McCl~l­
lan  sent off  Colonel  \V.  S.  Rosecrans,  with 
a  number  of  Ohio  and  Indiana  soldiers 
and  a  tr_oop  of  cav_alry,.  for  that  purpose. 
They  climbed  a  circuitous  and  perilous 
route  UJ? 
to  the  top  of  a  ridge  of  Rich 
Mountain,  above  Pegram's  camp.  Here 
the  Confederates  cauuht  siaht  of  them 
. 
an 
egram,  with  900  men,  armed  with 
muskets  and  cannon,  attacked  them  vio-or(cid:173)
o.usly.  The battle was  a  hot  one for s~me 
tir~.1~,  but  Rosecrans  at  last  succeeded  in 
d_nving  ~he en~1~1y back and  taking posses(cid:173)
sion  of  its  pos1t1on.  For his  rrallantn·  011 
this .occa_sion  Rosecrans was  co~nmissi~ned 
a  bngad1er general. 
oon  afterward,  when 
l\IcC!cllan  was  appointeLl  to  the command 
of  the  Army  o~  the  Potomac,  Rosecrans 
succeeded  h1111  111  \Ve  tern  \ 'irgini=i.. 

cl  P 

. 

b 

b 

FRAVK 

... 

LESLIE'S  .ILL UST RA TED  HJSTOR Y  OF  THE  CIVIL  T 

V./J.R 
• 

455 

na  _as.  The}·. ~vere  also  stationed at Cen-
trenlle  and  F airfa. ·  Courthouse  te 
.1 
•  n  m1  es 
f 
fro m  t 1e  ma111  armv,  in  the  direct' 
ion  0 
\\ ash tngton. 

l 
. 

• 

· 

. 

· 

· 

·  d 

f  h 

General 

l\IcD?.well  first  ordered  T  1er 
to  ad.Yance  on  \  ienna,  then  took  they 
re-
main  er.  o 
t  e  army  m  four  columns  and 
alo ng  differe nt  roa<ls  towar.d  the  enemy's 
camp.  He  hoped  by  a  sen es  of  feints  to 
thro\\:  the  Conf~derat~s off  their  guard and 
su rprise  them  m  th e ir  rear,  so  as to  com(cid:173)
pel  the  retreat  o.f  both  Beauregard  and 
Johnston  from  their  strong  positions  near 
the  seat  of  _government.  The  columns 
met with but little  opposition  at first.  They 
passed  safely  through  Fairfax  Courthouse, 

his  plan  for  gaining  the  rear  of  the Con· 
federates  was  impracticable. 

McDowell's  troops were  now  massed  at 
Centreville.  After waiting a  few  days  for 
needed  supplies  the  army,  at  two  o'clock 
on  the  morning  of  July  21st,  moved  from 
the villarre  in  three columns,  to  attack the 
left  flanl:  of  the  Confederates.  General 
Tyler,  with  the  brigades  of  Schenck  and 
Sherman  and  the  batteries  of  Ayres  and 
Carlisle,  started  toward  the  stone  bridge 
on  the  vVarrenton  Turnpike,  in  o.rder  to 
make  a  feigned  attack  near the bndge •.  so 
that the two columns  of  Hunter and Hemt· 
zelman  could  cross  Bull  Run  at  Sudley 
Church and  fall  upon  the  Confederate  left. 

t 

E 

vans. 

The memora  . 

Y 
ordered an  attac  . 
McDowell's 
or  · 

ble battle  of  Bull  Run  then 
of  a  shell  by General 
began ?Y  th~ fir;~~ks  of  the  Confederates 
Tyl~r into  t  e 
stone  bridge  and  com(cid:173)
c 
stat1oned  near  the 
.  Beauregard 
1 
cl  d  b  Colone 
man  e 
nts  to  Evans,  and 
at once sent re-enforceme  k  led by General 
J  h 
o  ns  on 
left  wing  at 
Ewell,  u~on F 
cl  Colonel  Evans  soon 
Blackburn s 
f  ·  t 
T  ler's  attack  was  on y  a  e~n ' 
sad  l~~~nin~  that  a  column  was  pass111g 
aBn  11  Run  :t  Sudley  Church,  he  at  once 
This  column  was 
u 
}{~~~~~~ ~~m;:::d 1~f Rhode  I~land, f\las· 
cl  N 
Hampshire  troops, 
sachusetts  an  . 
and  Ricketts, 
n  n 
with  the batteries  o 

efwG  · ffi 

1 

l 

' 

. 

SOLDIER8'  GRA. VEYA.RD,  IN  THE  CAMP  NEAR  F A.LMOUTH,  VA. 

. 

,..., 

h 

·  · 

1 .  . 

· 
·  h.  h 

<md  the  Confederates at  Centreville fled  at 
their  app roach.  This  had  been  arranged 
b)·  Beaurccfard  in  orde r  to  lead  the  Fed-
They 
tral  arm)'  into  a  perilous  pos1t1.o~. 
nts  thrnk-
walked  into the  trap  m 
1g  spt 
. 
one before them. 
mg t  eywerc ( n v1 ng every 
• uddcnly  they were  broug ht  to  a  stop  at 
Blackburn's  Fo rrl,  on  Bull  Run,  by  fGen-
stronlJ'  orce 
l 
·ral  James  Lonrrstrect, '"1t 1  a 
Genera 
· 
of  men  and  concealed  batte n es. 
. 
'ith  his  cl  tachrnent  of  l\I1chigancl 
'I  yl  r 
1a  ~chus •tts  and 
ew  York troops,  an 
nee here 
:\. vr ·  '  lJ·itter\'  made a recon no1ssa 
• 
' 
1  Th<· 
and  a 
~ 
cl  nd  ,.,·1thdrew  to 
· 
. 
at1onal  were  e1eate  , a 
Centreville.  This satisfied  l\1c Dowell  that 

' 
l'Vcre conflict  was  the  resu  t. 

d  c.... 

.· I 

, , 

• 

· 

. 

~ 

b 

' 

1'> 

The Confederates, meanwhile, were mak(cid:173)
ing active  preparations for  the coming bat(cid:173)
Johnston was  ordered to  hasten from 
tle 
W.inchester  and  join  the  forces  at  Ma(cid:173)
nassas  with  the  Army of  the Shenandoah. 
He managed  to  el~de  Patterson, who w~s 
stationed  at  MartrnsburS'  to  prevent  this 
very  movement,  and  arnved  at  Manassas 
at  noon  of  the  20th  with  6,ooo  infantry, 
the  balance  of  his  army  to  follow  a  little 
later.  Beauregard's  force  now  outnum(cid:173)
bered  McDowell's  by  4,~o_o  men,  and  he 
vas  in  a  much  better  pos1t1on.  Upon  his 
:rrival,  Johnston,  being the  senior in  rank, 
assumed  chief  command  of  the  Confeder-
ate  troOJ!S. 

in 

the  open 

the whole led by  Colonel  Burnside.  They 
soon  appeared 
field,  and 
Evans,  assisted  by  G eneral  Bee,  who  com(cid:173)
manded  the  reserves,  opened  fire  upon 
them.  There was a  te rrible battle.  Afte r 
a  time  Evans's  line  began  to  waver,  but 
new  troops  being  advanced  by  General 
Bee,  it  recovered  its  losing  strength,  and 
Colonel  Burnside was  com pell  ·tl  to  call  for 
help.  This came  in  the  form  of a  battalion 
of  reg ulars  under l\lajor Syl ... es.  But  '\''fl 
with this aid  the  F ede rals we re  fast  becom(cid:173)
re- ·nf orcenH: n~s. 
ing  cxhau5ted. 
however,  soon  arrivetl,  in  charg e  of 
' ol(cid:173)
ond  Andrew  Porter,  and  these  wen:  fnl(cid:173)
lowed  hy  1-Ieintzelman's  column  an<.1  par• 

l\1ore 

e  e 

mp 

mea:  ur 
th  d  fi  ult  a 

Our  corn:  porder.t  thu 
d 

la1m  thur 

not 

01  rand  throt  h  11hich  our  nJPn  r 
rrm  d}'  h1  now .ipp<irPnt  11taknc  'I  then.  But  th<"'l'  W•  rt:  only n·plied  lo  by  tlw  gun,  of  C a pta in 

ttrntwn  nor  J,j  thl'  ti10  or  thru ..  d1scharg ·'\  of  mL skt try which  n·c1•in·d  th l' m  call  fur  a  reply.  On_ 

'raph1cally <l'picts  this  '>Cf'n•  :  "Simultan1..ously  nd  Jn'\tantaneously  tlw  two,  or rather four,  colullli\S  ~\'  J;•·d With  thl'ir  glittering  hayniwts,  signaling  Lark  a  rcpl}  th.it  st.1rtle1l  till'  alrea1l~·  d1sm.1~e,]  loc. 

! rwan.1  across  the  \all'·}  uf  C1tirn  Crt'l'k  and  up  to  the  ltnl'  of  the Confcdl'ratl'  n1k  pns  tha t  linl'll  th e  lw«'  of  '.\! bsion  R id,.:e  The·e 
l'ht~  .1b111donnl  thl'  \IO  k,  .i nd  thl'ir 
1n '<l 1"  t:lll-1ny  had  opened  on  these  culumns  a  ht a\'y  fire  from  se\ o:ral  b.lltt•rit's,  \\ hirh  hl'  h ail  m.1,st d  .1lt•ll,!  h1,  ct•ntr"  to  h1Je  and  m  s  m 
l'hL  fo,1t  ,,f  tht•  hill  11as  n .. 1eht•1l  by  the  .1<h .1n1  n~ v1Jlumn  in  ~ot•1l  Nd  r .  .ind  now  hC',,  n 
\\ .l ·  no  lon~er pr~ 
. n' 
lin  b{C.l'lll  Lr~ken ~nd  raggld,  :ind  it  lo11k1·d  much  a 5  if  a  hi -. t\}  luw  of  ~kirmishcr  ~~r:~ru. 
th.n  of  th  L'mon. 
\ •<'lln.11  \\'i'l\h,  !l ,1  en  and \\'.v-r  ner  \~ere 
J lin  ~ \\'Jl~i  two  of  hi-;  n·gim<·nls,  a1HI  \\',ts  r.ipitll\'  l\\t1\'tllg  th<'  oth"r'  forw.1nl  to  thl'ir  suppnrt 
1 1~/1111  w.1s  won,  Gu1l'r.1I  t ~rant, following  iii  the  wake  of  the  .Hh anl· n~ u  lumn,  .1ppeare1\  111  the ir mid~t  un  t he  summit.  1 h,  troop:;  :;aw 
o  r  .iftu  tht  ore tr  was  g  .H.,  for  ti-•·  .is  ,1Jlt  < ,,  'lt r ii  I 11rch111,  o f  Baird'~  division,  occupil'd  J·~r.~,I.  •· 
• 
I 

htd  w.th  ht  .Jlong  peed  and  .1 .l'l'louty  which  of  itst•lf  wo uld  ha\'e  s1·n1red  theni "'~l~o-b  . lhi·  tll'1·p-moutlwd  monsters  of  Fort  \ Voml. 

ho111  below  we  could  si·i•  tlw  l\infl'th·ratc  11.1,,_ 

\\'lwn  they  n·aclwd  the  lop,  ,111<1  the  Confl'dt•r.ll<'  artillnish \\t•re limlwrin~  up  tht·ir  1•1ut~. th'  lron t  lin 
,1s  ic  t'ntt rt·tl  .tntl  passt•1I  through  Fon  l l i1Hlma n,  .111d  ,..,,\\ c  pl.1  t.  t 

ltr.1t1•  1r far try  tied  and  ) ii•(d,  d  up  tlw  ·irt illi ·ry  without  furl ht 
tnerr > 1 Jt  i'l  two,  .rnd  his  "r!1.ini 1.ati1Jn  for  th•!  tune dt:.'i lrL) 

t  hill  11.i~  \\on  at  fo  r  r,clo  k,  th• 

'lridg"s  on  Orch.trd 

., 

H  lf-11·a}  up.  th 

b  t  tht>  m  n  pl·  lwd  f  rn. rd  1r<11  mnm  ttl) 

I h 

l  onf1 

trng  thi  hill. 

1 

HllJ( lL, 

ui:  t;1."  " 

1 

I 

t  r  r 
n 

-c  art  T5  of  an 
{  aru 1!  !) 

1 
h 

, and  at once  t'1  re  11 ent  up a  hou t  u  .1  a  onl>  \ ll tur,ol 

.111  n  c  n  g'I\"  to  ,1  victorious  leadi•r." 

FRANJ<  LESLIJ:,-'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  Tlf.E  CJVJL  J,VAR. 

orcora1i. 

in  confusion 

of  C(!l)(·ral  Sherman's brigade,  under Colo(cid:173)
ne~! 
.  Hy ;1  furious  cha1 g'l'  made.:  just  then  by 
Co lonvl  I l.  'vV .. Sloct.:m's  New  York  regi(cid:173)
n1  •nt  t lw Confcc.lc:rat'  Jin  was  broken,  and 
the  troops  n ·d 
to  a  high 
pbll'au. 
I fore  their  flight  was  checked  by 
tht.  appL'.tranc ·  of  General  T.  J.  Jackson, 
who  had  arrin~d  with  reserves.  Rushing 
up  to  Jackson,  General  Bee  exclaimed: 
"Th '}' arc  heating  us  back!"  "Well,  sir," 
\•;1s  the  C,<1llm1,·r~ply,  "we will  give  them  the 
\
1
>ayone~ ! 
encouraged  by  this  answer, 
lke  en ·d  to  the  fugitives  to  halt,  and 
shouted  :  "There  stands  General Jackson, 
like  a  stone  wall!" 
It  was  thus  that  the 
calm  officer  became  known  as  "Stone(cid:173)
wall  Jackson." 

Then  a 

terrific  struggle  began. 

troops  took  a  position  to  the  left  of  the 
batteries. 
Th 
e 
Confederates poured  such  a  murderous ~re 
into  the  Federal  ranks  that  the  battenes 
were  soon  disabled.  The  slaughter  on 
both  sides  was  terrible. 
It  would  have 
been  hard to  say which  army would  be suc(cid:173)
cessful,  although 
seemed  to  be  gaining  slightly, 
when  sud(cid:173)
denly  the  balance  of  J ohnslon s  Shen.an(cid:173)
doah  army,  under  General  E.  Kir_by ~m1th, 
appeared  on  the scene,  and  the  tide  unme(cid:173)
diately  turned.  With  these and  other  fresh 
few  moments 
troops  Beauregard 
drove  McDowell's  army from  the  plat~au 
and sent it  hurrying  back  to  the.  turnp1~e 
in  great  confusion.  As  the  regiments  m 

the  National 

troops 

in  a 

1

Booneville.  There  they  mad 
a  stand 
But being  attacked and defeated by  Lyon, 
they  retrea tcd  toward  t~e  south  ester~ 
Jart  of  !\Iissouri,  and  did  not  stop  until 
~hey  reached  the  Arkansas  bo~der,  thus 
riving  to  the  u n~on  forces  the  1mpor~nt 
g oints  of  St.  Louis,  St.  J osep~. _H~n~1bal 
P  d  Bird's  Point  on  the  . l1ss1ss1pp1  as 
d  · 
an 
ra1  r<;>a  s  an  nv-
bases of operations,  ·wit 
ers for  transportation.  Knowing that Gen(cid:173)
eral  Jackson  was  g:atheri.ng  a  large  f?rce 
in  Southwestern  l\l1ssoun,  L~·on  rema1~ed 
about  a  fortnight  at  Boc:inenl~e  preparing 
a  vigorous  campaign  af;a1~st him. 

·  h 

d 

·1 

This was  at  the beginning_ of.July,  when 
there were  at  least. 10,000  •  at1onal  troops 
in  Missouri.  At  this  time  Colonel  Franz 
Sigel  was  rapidly  advancing  on  the  Con-

HOW  THE  DA  GHTERS  OF  MARYLAND  RECEIVED  THE  SO  '"S  OF  THE  NORTH  AS  THEY 

:MARCHED  AG..UX 'T  THE 

CONFEDERATE  INV ADERS-SOENE  0  r  THE 

l\IA..RCH. 

The  National  troops  had  gained posses(cid:173)

·n  '111)'  from 

the  plateau, 

session  of  the  \\'arr 'nton  Turnpike.  and 
they  now  turned  their  attention  to  drivi.ng 
Lhe 
to  wh1.ch 
John 'ton  nnd  Beauregard  h~d sent bodies 
of soldiers  undt!r  Holmes,  I~arly  and  Ew(cid:173)
dl.  ·o  that 
it  held  10.000.  men  and  22 
hcavv  1runs.  To capture  this  plateau  five 
bri(}'~{ ll:.  tlws  of  Port •r,  Howard,  F' rank(cid:173)
Ii n.t--\ \  ilcox and  Sherman,  wc:e  d :tailed  to 
turn  the  onf ·d  rat,  I ·ft.  \\'l.1d'  I  e~ s was 
sent  to  :111110\'  them  on  the  n~ht.  Colonel 
H  ·i11U:c>lma1{':-;  di,·ision  b'!.!·nn  the  attac~. 
Th  \'  pn sst·d  forward.  and  su  c ,eclcd •. 111 
t--ainin.,  a  pc1rtio~1  nf  th'_ pl~_t. ~~u.,  \: ttl~ 
the  support  of  J:..ll-.\\'orth s  1 uc  Zouc1: es 
hatt  ri  s  w •r.  I lant  ·d  upon  a1:, ''.'vauon 
I 1~ 1" L~t~n" 
commanding thl: whnl ·  pl.  tt au. 
1  ·w  York.  i\lassachus ·tts  and  \[tnnc  ota 

front  broke and  fled  the others were seized 
with  panic,  and  the  retreat at once  became 
a  disorderly  rout.  Three  thousand  of  the 
Federals  were  killed,  wounded  or  taken 
prisoners,  while  the  Confederates  lost  over 
2,000.  A  great  exultant  shout  arose 
throughout  the  South  o\·er  the  Yictory, 
while  a  deep gloom settled upon the North. 
The depres  ion  of  the  people  of  the  loyal 
tates,  however.  did  not  last  lono-;  they 
arose  quickly  from  despair  to  h~pe, an~1 
the gaps  in  the  army  were  more  than  filled 
within  a  fortnight. 

\\ hile  the  battle at  Bull  Run  was  bci1w 
plann  d  and  fought  the  war  was  nMking 
rrreat  progr  ·s  in  the  \\'est,  especially  in 
~lissouri.  General  Price,  who 
l 'd  the 
talc,  "as driven  by 
itr  to 
from  J dfcr ·on 

onf ·dcrat •s  in  that 
en 'ral  Lyon 

federates  stationed on  the border  of  Kan(cid:173)
sas  and Arkan  as.  On  reachincr  Carrhag-e. 
July  5th,  he  encountered  a  large  force  ~n­
der Jackson  and  Brigadier  General  Rain_, 
A  s.harp  fight  took  place.  and,  owing to su(cid:173)
perior  numbers  against  him. 
.=io-el  was 
forced  back  and  retreated  in  o·ood  order to 
pringfield.  Lyon  wa - then~ about ei;hry 
miles  from  that  cit\\  and  learnin(Y  of  ~~i­
gel's  peril,  hastene1.f to  his  rdid, ~ld to  ' 
comnund  of  the  combined  forces. 
this \\'<ls  bein~- done  Price wa_'  re-t 1f )r-e 
by troops  from  T e'\.,1 - under  ~ener,1.:  l ·-
'ulloch,  Rains.  Pe,1rcn 
fhis  arn1>.  n11nbe1 in~  .1b  ut  _  . 
and  led  by  (1ener, I  R~.1. ls,  thl'n  set 
S.pringfield . •  \lthot,...,  1  <.\"  n  ha  n 
th:rn  6.ooo  ill"n  , nl i 
pit>  v• 
he  bra ·ely went  ut  t  m, ·t tl 

,rn l 

l\k 

\\' 11 

f 

FRANK  LESLIE'S  JLLUSTRA TED  HJSTOR Y  OF TJ/E  CIVIL  WAR. 

·l59 

enemy.  The opposing forces  met  at Dug 
Springs,  about  nineteen  miles  west  from 
pringfield,  and  a  desperate  battle  was 
fought.  This was  on  August  2d.  Lyon's 
cavalry,  led  by  Captain  Stanley,  made  a 
furious  charge,  and  after  a  time  the  Con(cid:173)
federates  gave way and  retreated  to  Wil(cid:173)
son's  Creek. 

Early  the next  morning Lyon  pushed on 
after  the  e nemy  to  make  another  attack. 
The  troops  advanced  in  two  columns,  one 
led  by  Lyon  to  engage  their  front;  the 
other,  under Sigel,  to  attack the rear.  The 
In  the  thickest  of 
battle  opened furious! y. 
the  ficrht  was  Lyon. 
\!Vherever  needed  he 
would  dash  in  and give encouragement to 
his  men  by  words  and  deeds.  Although 
his  horse  was  shot  under  him,  and he was 
wounded  in  the  head and  leg,  he  was  soon 
on  another  horse,  and  placing  himself  at 
the  head  of  the  Kansas  troops,  he  swung 
his  hat over his  head,  and  :lashed  forward 

the  supplies  of  General  Pill~w an<l  others 
in  the  vicinity  of  New  Madrid!  thus  c~m­
pelling  their retreat,  and  allowing .a 11otil.la 
of gunboats, then .be.in~ bl:1ilt near ~t. ~ou1.s, 
to descend  the Miss1ss1pp1  and assist  1.n  11111-
itary  operations  against  the  batteries  at 
Memphis;  then  push  on  toward  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico ·with  his  army  and  take  posses-
sion  of  New  Orleans. 

CHAPTER  VI. 

SIEGE  oF  LEXINGTON- BOMBAflDMENT  oF  C0Lu111B1zy(cid:173)
BATTLE  oF  BELMONT-0AMPAJGN  IN  WEsTCN  _ m(cid:173)
GINIA--BATrLE  AT  CARNIFEX  FElUlY--Mc  'r,~~~\N 
APPOINTED  GENERAL  IN  CHIBF-'l'HE  "'!'RENT 
FAIR-CAPTURE  01''  ROANOKE  IsLA:ND. 
ABOUT 

the  middle  of  August  General 
Price  with his force of Confederates, moved 
nortl;ward  in the direction of Lexington, c:n 
important  position  in  a  c~rve of  the  Mis(cid:173)
souri  River. 
It  was  garnsoned  by  about 
3,000  troops  under Colonel  ] ames  A.  M ul-

)"(cid:173)

· 

b 

. 

. 

< 

• 

<l 

c 

• 

' 

h 

·  N inc  days after  this CJ'cn<  ra 

mancled  Fremont's  orders  for  hattlc,  a~d 
the disappointed army wa~ .se:it t~acf 1\0 \~: 
I 
{]~~\1~~k took  com man cl  of the  1 kpartmc~1.: 
of  Missouri.  Fremont  was  af~erwarcl  pt c 
'th  a  sword  on  wl11ch  was  <·n-
sentc  w1 
~rravcd:  "To  the  l'athfindcr,  by  t  c  men 
~f the West." 
to  an  or<ler  from  l• rcmont. 
. 
n  rcsponsc 
I 
. 
11s  com· 
t  before  he  was  deprived  o 
JUS  d  General  Grant,  then  in  charge  <A 
man  ' 
cra(cid:173)
the district  aroun<l  Cairo,  sent a  ~O-~JP.  '. 
. 
f 
alon<r  the line  of the  :\l1ss1ss11Jf>l 
f 
t1 ve  orce 
to  attack  Columbus,  then  in  t  c 
lanes  o 
the  Confederates.  One  column  of  about 
3 ooo  Illinois  volunteers,  under  0~ner~l 
J~hn  A.  McClernancl,  went  from  Cairo  111 
transports  and  the wooden  gunboats T;•ler 
and L exington,  for  the  purpose  of  menac(cid:173)
ing  Columbus  by an  attack  on  Belmont, 
opposite;  and  another column,  under  Gen(cid:173)
eral  C.  F.  Smith,  marched  from  Paducah 

f  l .. 

h  1 

.  . 

j  -

THE  CAMPAIGN  IN  GEORGIA-FEDERAL  TROOPS  FORAGING  NEAR  WARSAW  somrn. 

with a  determination  to gain a victory.  But 
a  bullet  in  his  heart stopped  him,  and he 
fell  back  dead.  For  two  hours  after this 
the  battle  raged ;  then  the  Confederates 
were  forced  to  retreat.  The  loss  on  the 
Union  side  was  between  1,200  and  1,300, 
and  on  the  other  about  3,000.  The  Union 
troops  then  went  back  to  Spri~gfiel~  in 
order to  protect a goYernment train, vc..iued 
at $T.500,ooo,  from  that city  to  Rolla,  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  miles  in  the direc(cid:173)
tion  of  St.  Louis. 

Just  bdore  the battle  of \Vil son's  Creek 
General  John  C.  rremont  was  given  the 
command  of  th<.;  Department  of  l\Iissouri. 
He at once  formed  a  plan  for  ridding  Mis(cid:173)
souri  and  the  whole  ~Iississippi Valley of 
armed  • ecessionists,  and  for  opening  the 
navigation  of  the  river, which  was  then  ob(cid:173)
structed  bv  Confederate  batteries at I\km(cid:173)
j;igantic 
phis  and  'eli;cwher•'. 
plan.  He  intended to capture  or  disperse 
th 
roop  under Gen ·ral  Price;  seize  Lit(cid:173)
tle  Rock,  the  capital  of  Arkansas;  cut  off 

It  was  a 

ligan.  Price  reached  its  vicinity  early  in 
September,  and  immediately  besieged  it 
with  20,000  men.  This was  on  the  1 I th, 
and  although  Mulligan  was  inadequately 
supplied with  heavy guns  and  ammunition 
to sustain  a  siege he gallantly defended the 
post  against  overwhelming  numbers  until 
the morning of the  20th, when  he was  com(cid:173)
pelled  to  surrender.  Fremont immediately 
sent  an  army of  more  than  20,000 men  to 
retrieve  this  disaster  by driving  Price  and 
his  followers  out  of  l\lissouri.  The  army 
moved  in  five  columns,  under  Generals 
Hunter,  Pope,  Sigel,  l\IcKinstry  and  As(cid:173)
both. 
It  was  acc?mpanicd  by  eighty-six 
hea~y guns.  As  I·r~mont said  in  a  report 
to his government, his  plan was  to go  right 
throu(rh  to 

ew  Orleans. 

b  1· 

' 

I 

But 

• remont s  pan  was  upset. 

J usL 
when  he  felt  confident  of  his  success  and 
was  about  to  attack  Price  he  received  or(cid:173)
ders,  emanating from  the  jealnusics of  po(cid:173)
litical  enemies,  to  turn  over  his  command 
to  General  Hunter.  The  latter  counter-

to  strike  Columbus  in  the  rear. 
\\bile the 
gunboats  fired  on  Columbus  the  troops 
landed near  Belmont,  and at once attacked 
that  post.  Although  this  place  had  been 
re-enforced by General  Pillow, the 1' ational 
troops  captured  it  after  a  severe  contest; 
but, owing to  a  heavy  fire  of artillery  from 
the bluff at  Columbus,  they were  unaLle  to 
hold  it,  and  withdrew  with  captured  men, 
horses  and  artillery.  Polk,  commanding 
Columbus, immediately opened his hea\'iest 
guns upon  them  and  tried  to  cut  off their 
retreat  with  a  large  body of  fresh  troops 
that  he  sent  across  the water.  Although 
there  was  a  severe  strug-gk,  Grant  man(cid:173)
aged  to  fight  his  way  back  to  11is  trans(cid:173)
ports  and  esc<.1.ped  under  covtr  of  a  fire 
from  the  gunboats.  The  loss  in  the  n(cid:173)
gagement  was  about  500  1  alionals  and 
600  Confecl<·rates. 

The  war  in  \Vestcrn  Virginia,  which  in 
the summer  of  1861  seem<;d  t<J  have  b ·r;n 
crushed,  was  renewed  in  the autumn.  (_,en(cid:173)
cral  Roucrt  E.  Lee  was  tht:n  in  charge  of 

FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

THE  IRONCLAD  "WEEHAWKEN"  RETURNING  TO  FIRE  A  PARTING  SHOT  AT  FORT  SUMTER,  AFTER  THE  BOMBARDMENT, 

APRIL  7TH,  1863. 

the  forces  left  by  Garnett  and  Pegram. 
His  headquarters were  at  Huntersville,  in 
Pocahontas  County.  Plans were  made  by 
which  General  J oho  B.  Floyd  (Secretary 
of  \Var  in  Buchanan's administration), who 
had been  given  chief  command  in  the  re(cid:173)
to  drive 
gion  of  the  Gauley  River,  was 
General  Cox  across  the  Ohio  River,  and 
Lee was  to  disperse  the army  under  Rose(cid:173)
crans,  successor  of  McClellan,  at  Clarks(cid:173)
burg,  on  the  Baltimore  and Ohio  Railroad, 
and  in  this  way  make  possible  an  invasion 
of  Confederates into  Maryland,  Pennsylva(cid:173)
nia and Ohio. 

But these excellent  plans  failed.  Rose(cid:173)

crans  did  not  wait  to  be  attacked,  but 
started  out  to  disperse  Floyd's 
troops. 
After scaling the Gauley Mountains he came 
upon  the  object of  his  expedition  at  Carni(cid:173)
f ex  Ferry  on  the  Gauley  River.  A  severe 
battle  of  three  hours'  duration  was  the  re(cid:173)
sult.  Then  Floyd,  under  cover  of  the 
darkness, stole away  to  Big  Sewell  Mount(cid:173)
ain 
thirty  miles  distant.  Meanwhile  Lee 
hacl  started  out  from  Huntersville  on  the 
nio-ht  of  September  Ir th,  with  9,000  men 
anbd  a  dozen  pieces  of  artillery,  for  the  pur(cid:173)
pose  of attacking  Elkwater and ~he outpost 
of  Indiana troops  on  the  summit  of Cheat 
Mountain,  and  thus  securing the  pass  and 
a  free  communication with  the Shenandoah 
Valley at Staunton.  But he was  unsuccess(cid:173)
f  1  suffering  defeat  at  both  places.  He 
t~~n joined  Floyd  at  Big Sewell Mountain. 
A  few  more vigorous  rr:ove~1ents on  tI:ie 
art  of  the  Union  soldiers  m  We.st  Vir-
P. 
put an  end  to  the  war  m  that 
grn1a  soon 
State. 

Late in  August an expe  it10n, .compos 

d.  · 

ed 

· 

of  eight  transports  and  war  sh1_ps,  under 
Commodore S. H. Stringham, bearing abou~ 
900  lan<l  troops,  commanded  by  Gene[a 
B  F  Butler 
left  Hampton  Roads  .  or 
I iatt~ras  Inl~t,  at  the  entrance  to  which, 
off  the  North  Carolina  coast,  the  Conf ed-

erates had  erected two forts.  By an  assault 
on  these  forts by land  and water String-ham 
and  Butler  succeeded  in  capturing  them. 
A  portion of  Colonel  Hawkins's  New York 
Zouaves, with  their commander,  was  left to 
garrison  the  position,  and  the  expedition 
returned  to  Hampton  Roads. 

Two  months  after  this  another  expedi(cid:173)
tion  was  sent  out  from  Hampton  Roads. 
This was  composed  of  fifty  war ships  and 
transports,  commanded  by  Admiral  S.  F. 
Dupont,  and  15,000  land  troops  under 
General  T.  W.  Sherman.  After  passing 
through a severe tempest  off Cape Hatteras 
all  of  the  vessels,  with  the  exception  of 
four transports  that were wrecked, gathered 
at  the  entrance  to  Port  Royal  Sound,  be(cid:173)
tween  Hilton  Head  and  Philip's  Island. 

The entrance  to  this sound was  guarded 
by two  Confederate  batteries,  while within 
the sound was  a  small  flotilla  of armed ves(cid:173)
sels  commanded  by  Commodore  Tatnall, 
late  of the  United  States  Navy,  who  had 
espoused  the  Confederate cause.  On  the 
morning of  November 7th  Dupont silenced 
the two  forts  and  drove  Tatnall's fleet  into 
shallow water.  The  National  troops  then 
took  possession  of  Port  Royal  and  the 
neighboring islands.  At  the  close  of  i86r 
the  National  authority was  supreme  over 
the  coast  islands  from  'vVarsaw  Sound  to 
the  mouth  of  the  North  Edisto  River. 

General  McClellan  assumed  command 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  as  the  forces 
around  Washington  were  called  after  the 
battle  of  Bull  Run,  on  July  27th.  He  at 
once  became  so  popular  in  this  position 
that  when,  a  few  months  afterward  (No(cid:173)
vember  rst)  General  Scott  resigned  his 
place  as  general  in  chief  of  the  armies,  on 
account  of  old age  and  ill  health,  McClel(cid:173)
lan  was  appointed  to  that office.  He  im(cid:173)
mediately  set  to  work  to  reorganize  the 
army,  which  had  been  shattered by  the  ter(cid:173)
rible  blow at  Bull  Run. 

It was  about this  time  that  the  country -
was  stirred  up  over  the  capture  of  two 
Confederate  ambassadors  on  their  way to 
Europe.  On  October  12th,  1861,  James 
Mason  and John  Slidell,  who  had  been  ap(cid:173)
pointed  to  represent the  Confederate Gov(cid:173)
ernment 
in  Great  Britain  and  France, 
sailed  from  Charleston  harbor for  Havana, 
Cuba.  There 
they  embarked  for  St. 
Thomas in  the  British  mail  steamer  Treut, 
intending  to  go  to  England  in  the regular 
packet  from  that  port.  Soon  after  the 
Trent  sailed  the  American  war  ship  San 
Jadnto  stopped  at  Havana,  and  her  cap(cid:173)
tain,  Wilkes,  learned  of  the  movements of 
the  ambassadors.  He  at  once set saw  for, 
the  Trent,  and  overhaulina  her,  demanded 
the  deli very  of  the  two  ~nen.  They  re(cid:173)
fused  to  leave  the  ship  unless  forced  to  do 
so.  Marines  were  at  once  dispatched  to 
the  Trent,  and compelled  the ambassadors 
to  surrender.  They were  taken  on  board 
the  San Jacim&  and  conveyed  to  Boston, 
where they were placed  in  Fort \Varren as 
prisoners  of state. 

While  this  act  of  Captain  "Wilkes  was 
loudly  applauded  by  loyal  Americans  the 
British  Government  called  it  an  outrage, 
and  followed  up  a  peremptory  demand .for 
the  release  of  the  prisoners  by  preparing 
to  enforce  the  demand  by a  war  upon  the 
United  States.  But 
their  preparatio.ns 
came to  naught,  for,  acting  upon  the ~nn­
ciple  that  the  flag  of  a  neutral ''essel  ~s d 
protection  to  all  beneath  it,  the  Unite 
States disavowed  the act of  \Vilkes an? .rt;; 
leased  the  two  men.  The  "  Trod aflair 
caused  a  great  deal  of  excitement  in  rh~ 
country,  but  it  soon  subsided  upon  tht 
peaceful settlement of the  trouble. 

tht'll' 
Tl 
, JI 
. 
ie _ at ten ti on  o~  the  people  ,~·3.S  .
1
d1rected  to  the  fittlll•"  out of a  third  11' 
Tl.  co11· 
armament at  Hampton  Roads. 
t· 
-nor:-
.  d 
d 
tran:,r 1 i.;· 
siste 
roo  war  yessels  an 
commanded  by  Commodore  L.  l\f.  L• 0 

f 
o 

115 

;:-, 

l  · 

FR,-JNA"  lESLIE'S  .ILLUSTRATED  JI/STORY  OF  THE  CJVJL  WAR. 

b_orough.  ant~ b  aring  16,000.  troops  under 
l1Clll'ral  J\mllrosc  r~.  Burnside,  of  p hode 
ls land.  Th  n 'Ct l 'fl  th'  p oacls,  January 
11th,  1862,  for  P oanoke  Island  and  Pam(cid:173)
lico  ouncl,  on  Lhc  coast  of  Norlh  Caro(cid:173)
ljna.  _P oanok 
Island  was  strongly  forti(cid:173)
onf 'derate  batteries  command(cid:173)
flcJ with 
~ng the sounds on  either  side.  They were 
the  hands  of  North  Carolina  troops 
111 
unLler  Colonel  I I.  M.  ,  haw. 

An  altack  was  made  upon  these  fortifi(cid:173)
cations  the  first  week  in  February.  Golds(cid:173)
borough took a  fleet  of  seventy vessels  into 
Croalan  Sound  and  opened  on 
the  bat(cid:173)
teries.  These  shols  received  a  hearty re(cid:173)
sponse from  the batteries and from  a flotilla 
of  small  gun boats  commanded  by  Lieu(cid:173)
tenant  \V.  F.  Lynch.  The  bombardment 
lasted  all  afternoon,  and  at midnight about 
1 I ,ooo  New England,  New York and  New 
Jersey  troops  were  landed  on  the  island. 
Early  in  the  morning  these  troops,  led  by 
General  J.  G.  Foster,  attacked  a  line  of 
intrenchm  nts  that crossed  the  island.  The. 
redoubts,  one  after  the  other,  were  capt(cid:173)
ured,  althou_ah 
the  Confederates,  far  in(cid:173)
ferior  in  number,  made  a  gallant  defense. 
A  particularly brave stand was  made  in  the 
last rcdou bt,  but  throu o-h  a  furious  charo-e 
by Hawkins's  Zouaves  tl1ey were  compell~d 
to  beat  a  retreat  and  submit  to  capture 
after a  short  flight.  Thus  Roanoke  Island 
passed  into  the  hands  of  the  National 
forces.  Other portions  of  the  North  Caro(cid:173)
lina  coast,  including  Elizabeth  City,  were 
speedily  captured.  These losses  produced 
~reat depression  throughout  the  South, as 
it  opened  a  way  by which  Norfolk  might 
be  attacked  in  the  rear. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Pm<JE  Dmvr.:N  TN1'0  AnKA.NBAB - BA't"J'T,E  OF  PEA  Rmori 
- CAPTAl'N  M<'RAE'R  BnAvEnY -13ATTT.E  OF  Mu;i:. 
SPnrnos-Br.:AUUEOAUD 'fRANSFEnnEn TO  TTIE  WEsT(cid:173)
Smm~ AND  CAP'rum'  OF  FonTs  HENHY AND  HEIMAN. 
Wtrc:N  General  Halleck  assumed  com(cid:173)

mand  of  the  Department  of  Missouri  he 
placed  General John  Pope  in  charge  of  a 
consi<lerable  body  of  troops 
to  oppose 
Price,  who  had  gathered  a  large  fo~ce  ~f 
Confederates  in  Missouri.  Pope  did  his 
work well, acting with  great vigor and  skill. 
By  .a  few  sharp,  effective  blows  here  and 
thc1·e  he  succeeded  in  preventing  organ(cid:173)
ized  troops  from  joining  Price,  and  com(cid:173)
pelled  the  latter  to  withdraw  to  the  bor(cid:173)
ders  of  Arkansas  for  supplies  and  safety. 
Price, however, soon  moved back to Spring(cid:173)
field  with  about  l  2,000  men,  and was  pre(cid:173)
paring  to  spend  the  winter  there,  when 
Halleck's troops,  under  General  S.  R.  Cur(cid:173)
tis,  assisted  by  Generals  Sigel,  Davis,  As(cid:173)
both  and  Prentiss,  drove  him  away  and 
forced  him  again  into  Arkansas.  The Mis(cid:173)
souri  campaign,  from  June,  l86r, to late  in 
February,  1862, had  been very active,  sixty 
battles  and skirmishes  having been  fought. 
The  loss  on  both  sides  during  this  cam(cid:173)
paign,  in  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners, 
was  about  l  2,000. 

\Vhen  General  Curtis  had  driven  the 
Confederates  into  Arkansas  he  encamped 
in  a  strong  position  in  the vicinity  of  Pea 
Ridge,  a  spur  of  the  Ozark  Mountains. 
In  the  meantime  Price  had been  joined by 
General  Earl Van  Dorn,  who  brought with 
him  from  Western  Arkansas  Generals  Mc(cid:173)
Culloch,  Pike  and  Mcintosh.  General 
Van  Dorn  took  command  of  the  forces, 

which  numbered  about  25,000  mc.n:  ancl 
immccliatc:ly  led  them  out  to  Curtiss  en-
f  , 
campment. 

Curtis Jearnecl  through his  scouts  o 

t11e 
approach  of the Confederates,. and  at  on<.c 
concentrated  his  little  army  111  the  Sugai 
Creek Valley ;  so  that when,  on  the  morn· 
ing of  March  7th,  I 86_2,  Van  D.o,rn  had by 
a  flank  movement  gained  Curtiss  rear,  he 
found  that general's troops  in  battle  arr.ay. 
Generals  Sia-el  and  Asboth,  commandtng 
the  First  a~d Second  Divisions,  were  on 
Curtis's left;  General Davis, with the Third 
Division, was  in the centre, and  the Fo:irth, 
under  Colonel  Carr,  formed 
the  nght. 
The  line  of  battle  extended  about  four 
miles.  The  contest  opened toward  r:oon, 
and  continued  throughout .the  r~~a111der 
of  the  day,  without  either  side  gaining the 
advantage.  The  :oss  w~s great  on  both 
sides  among the killed betng  Generals  Mc(cid:173)
Cull~ch  and  Mcintosh.  At  night  both 
armies  rested  on  their arms. 

Early the  next morning  the  conflict was 

renewed  with  great  vigor.  But  the  Na(cid:173)
tionals  soon  put  a  stop  to  the  battle  .by 
pouring  such  a  strong,  steady,  destructive 
fire  that  the  Confederates were  unable  to 
stand  it,  and  fled  in  almost every  direction 
in  wild  confusion.  Van  Dorn's  army  was 
really broken  into  fragments.  Curtis  lost 
l  ,380  men,  and  the  other  side  about  the 
same  number. 

During this  time  the war was  k~ndling in 
the  Department  of  New  Mexico,  com(cid:173)
manded  by  General  Canby.  Attempts 
were  made  to  attach  that Territory  to  the 
Confederacy.  Colonel  H.  H.  Sibley,  a 
Louisianian,  with  2,300  Texans,  most  of 

RLI.ey•g  I'OIW,  O:S 

'l'HE  I' 

-

.APPA HA~NOCK, THE  SUENF.  OF  TBB  BATTLE  OF  THE 

· 

REC~NO.J,!?~~c~ - OF 

. ' 

' 

~  17TJI  OF 

'rlIE  2lwr  OF  AI'Im,,  l8G!l 

l\IARCII  AND 

' 

OP  Gl!!NlmAT,  H'l'ON fi:MAN'S 

l·JUINJ<  Ll~SLJ.E'S ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  Tll.B  CJVJL  WAR. 

" 

, 

. 

. 

· 

1 

.  I 

~  OJ 
"llH'«·ss 

tlH·m  ro11gh  r· 
in  l«~lirwtr 
:rngl<:rs,  tnvaclvd  th1·  Tc:rritorv 
'  Y·  .u1<  cal11·d 
. 
·' 
1 
inhabit-
anh for  'lll 
· 
· 
llpon  t  H· 
f  l 
,  «.:gmnc  ·  to  the·  C 
s111111rn•· f  • I · 
on  c<  <'racy  and 
f  I 
Jr 
11S  I r()(J])S 
c:  t  conficlenl 
<>f 
• 
e 
· · 
..  ·'  ,u1rl  m;m:lwcl  slowly 
. 
l 
l 
ow arc 
'o rt  (.' r·ti  ~  < 
· 
• 
, . 
l
1 
t 1e  kt<>  (Trandc·  to  "ll"·I· 
'g,  >n 
( • 
a11  >y  n  l 
fi 
1· 
uC I.. 
i·c·acl 
111<  in~  th:tt  g<'1wnl 
. t1 
o  mc·c·t  h 
I  I 
·"  y 
.  , 
t 
1111,  anc  1av111g  <>flly  light  field-
. 
•  . 
j>ll  < ' · "·  he:  cross<'cl 
.1ranc c  and 
tool· 
·  • 
I'  a  pos1t1on  out  of  reach  of  tl  , 
g11ns  of  th<' 
1e 
1C  n,  >Y  a  sc:ncs  of 
·k"  -
s  111111sh1:s, 
1e  at-
t <  ,.  J 
_:I  H:gan  ac  vancing·  on  tlw  Confederates 
w H;n  a  ~wcly  of  Tc:x<l.ns,  horse  and  foot' 
::n~1 •d  with 
arhincs,  r<'volv  ·rs  and  bowi~ 
knives,  sudd ·nly  burst  from  a  thick  wood 
a.ncl  harg  ·c~  furiously  on  two  of the  Na(cid:173)
t~onal .l>attcnes,  ornmandcd  r 'SP  'Cliv ,ly by 
(  apta111s  Mel{ ea  an<l  lJ all.  Although  the 

lw  cln·w  Canby  out 
· 
1 

th<'  p ·  c 

1 
. 
'fl 

fort  Tl  . 

\.tO 
1 

11 
· 

· 

l 

large  force  at 

a  provisional  government,  General  John(cid:173)
ston  ha<l  concentrated  a 
l~~wlini:;  Green  and  strengthened  the  po(cid:173)
sition  of  Polk  at  Columbus.  Right  across 
Kentucky were  a  series  of  fortified  posts, 
the  most  important  of  which  were  Fort 
Donelson,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  and 
Fort  l!cnry,  on  the  Tennessee  River. 
/\ l  the  same  time  General  Buell  had  a 
large f ~r~e  of Union  troops  at  Louisville 
an<l  v1c1111ty,  and had  strengthened various 
advanced  posts.  He  had altogether about 
I  14,000  men  under  his  command.  They 
were arranged  in  four  columns  commanded 
respectively  by  Brigadier  Gen~rals Alexan(cid:173)
der  M cDowcll  McCook,  Ormsby  M.  Mit(cid:173)
c!1~l,  George  H.  Thomas  anJ  Thomas  L. 
Crittenden, and  aided  by  twenty  brigade 
commanders.  They occupied  an  irregular 

his  troops  defeated.  They fled  into. 'rmh. 
eastern  Tenn essee. 

1 his  d e feat was  a  great blow to thr  Con 
fe<lerat <"s.  l t  br.oke  thei r  )ine  in  Kentud·y~ 
and  mad e  possibl e  a  series  of  mov•·m ·n~ 
by which  th e y w ere  soon  driven  out  of  ha~ 
It also  a roused 
State and al so  Tenn e~seP. 
them  to  the  ne cess ity  of a  Lold,  able corn. 
mander in  the  \Vest.  T hey  chose  Beaure(cid:173)
gard,  and  tran sfe rred  hi m  fro m  Manassas 
to  Johnston's  d e partm e nt,  app ointing Gen(cid:173)
eral  G.  W.  Smith  to  succeed  him  in  the 
East. 

important  victo ry  at  Mill 
Springs  an  expedition  a g ains t  Fort Henry 
and  Fort  Donelson  was  arran ged.  Twch·e 
gunboats,  which  had  been  con s tructed  at 
St.  Louis  and  Cairo,  were  armed  with 
heavy guns and  light  artillery,  and  placed 

After 

the 

OONFimEHA'l'E  PlUSONETlS  13TIOUGIIT  IN  AF'IER 

'l'IIE  BA'r'l'LE  OF  CHANCELLORSVILLE. 

·a va.ry  were  dri v •n  back,  the  Con f  <lcratc 
infantry  brav •ly  pressed  forw·1rd  through 
a  munl ·ruus  hail  of  grapeshot,  and  capl(cid:173)
ur ·d  the  ball ·ry  of  1\1cRac. 
Its  gallant 
c01nll1a11d  ·r  ddendcd  his  guns  as  l.ong ~s 
h.  could,  but  was  shot  tl:·ad  . whil .'  s1t(cid:173)
t ing- astridl:  a  cannon  :1~1d  f1gh~1ng- ]us. as(cid:173)
saiiants  wili1  a  pistol. 
..,

J h ·  Union  sold~crs 
bro!<'  and  fled  10  th·. shell  ·r  of.  l·~rt 
0011 
t.'1'J)l<·y  did  not  f o!JOW  up .  this  VIC-
I  •. ,  • 
J'  I  I 
'- t.U<f, 
,--, 
t<H')'r-lllll  llllrried  off  to  Santa  •e,  w i1c  1  l' 
h~)l,t~ .. . 11  wa 
(':1pt,ur~d  IH1l  CtH1~d  11'.)t 
suon  aft(!rWarJ  drJ\ t.'11  111to 
i·  ... inn  of  South<'rn  and  \Vest  rn 
ti1rn:  hl'ld , hy  the 
1·cn!t;cl· \':-.w:1s 
( 'onf ·dt•1~:lll'S  under  Cener;tl  1\.  S.  J o~1n­
. 1 1 .  ')fflrt'r  and  vl'tt'ran  soldier. 
... 
..,[Oil, 
• 
\Vlwn  tlw  Sr'ccssinnisls  of  tills  St.t,l"  in.\. 
1~(,1,  ti,,_ 
l 
C<ll\\'t'l\I 1011  H'  t 
'tH1ft>dt'r:1q  and  org,11111.  ' t 
clari·d  t'c11·  th. 

, 
l  I  ·  N) , ·111lier 

:tl  this 

I  . • ts. 

Till 

. 
,\ll 

J'' 

,I  l  l 

<  \  l 

Ill 

l 

· 

. 

. 

. 

, 

. 

Jin, across  Kentucky,  almost  parallel  with 
that  of  the  Conf  d  rates. 

On  January  7th  Colonel  James  A.  Gar(cid:173)
fi  ·Id,  with  a  body  of  infantry and  cavalry, 
w  nl  out  anc.l  dispcrs  d  a  larg·e  force  of 
Confederat  sunder  llumphr  yl'vlarshall  at 
Pr 'slonburg·,  on  the  Big  Sandy  River,  in 
East 'rn  I' 'ntucky.  For  his  gallantry  on 
arfi  Id  was  commissioned  a 
this  occasion 
brigadier  gen  ral.  A  f  w  days  later U an(cid:173)
ua1'.y  i9th)  an  important  battl  was  fought 
al  l3  •  ch  c;rovc,  near  Mill  Springs,  on th 
bard ' rs  of  th · 
umbcrland  P i\'er.  Ccn(cid:173)
'ral  Thomas was  s  nt  th  r 
lo  atta 'k  th ' 
strong-ly  in trenched Conf etlcrat' camp. then 
in  ch:;rn·t'  of  n•ncral Crittenden.  The Con(cid:173)
f ·d  ·rat'·s,  led  by 
·n ' ral  Zollicoff ' r,  came 
out  to  m  'cl him.  The  two  fore 's  met  on 
the  11)l)rninn·  of January  19th,  and  a  SC\'  re 
nnlli ' l  ens~1ed.  Zollicoff ·r was  kill  d  and 

under the  command  of  Commodore A  H. 
f  oote.  A  portion  of  this fleet ·o·athered  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  Februar)? "d,  1862,  a 
few  miles  below  Fort  Henry,  while a  brge 
force  of  troop.,  . commanded  by  Gener~! 
U.  S.  Grant,  assisted  by  General  C.  I·. 
mith,  were  landed  from  tran-ports.  The 
fort  was  armed  with  se\'enteen  ()·uns.  an<l 
was  in  charge  of  General  Til rrhn;;n. 
Grant an'J  Foote arrant"ed to  strike fort 
l l1:nry  simultaneously.  I art  of  th "'  l:~nd 
troops were  first  sent up  the  oppo ·ire  side 
of  the  river  to  captur  Fort  Heim:in  <1~1a 
pre\'ent  its  assistanLe  of  Fort  I knry. whik 
th  others  pro 'ced ed  to  g:lin  :1  poii~t  bt., 
tw  en  Forts  I I  ' IH\  :rnd  I  onelson.  bd<'fl 
~Itsti nJtiQ 1•1~ 
th  s'  troc ps 
te,  by a  h1::a\'y  bombardment  fn)n1  h·~ 
F 
gunboats.  Fss,·.1,  · ...  :.  L  <'"  s,  C,. • .i . .. ;ti :i 1-1 
La •·c>ndd d, 

'L)lllpt lkd  the  surr ~nd~r  '

re:lche 1 

the ir 

1 

FR~-lNA. LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

• 

Fort  Henry.  The  little  garrison  made  a 
g~dlant def 'n -c,  but were  forced  to  give  in 
at  the  end  of  an  hour's  time.  Fort  H ei(cid:173)
man  was  al  o  captured. 

pon  learning  of  this  important  naval 
avy wrote  to 

Yictory  the  ecretary  of  the 
Foote:  "The country appreciates your gal(cid:173)
lant deeds,  and  this  department desires  to 
convey  to  you  and  your  brave  associates 
its  profound  thanks  for 
the  service  you 
have  rendered." 

CI !APTER  VIII. 

THE  ASSAULT  ON  l"onT  DONELSON-COWARDLY  FLIGHT 

o~·  FLOYD  A>~D  PILLOW-"  UNco,  DITIONAL  SunnEN(cid:173)
DER "-FALL  oF  DoNELsON-CONI'EDERATI~ RETREAT 
FROM  BowLTNG  GREEN-CAPTum~ o~- ISLAND  No.  10 
-BATTLE  OF  SIDLOH. 
BY  their  capture  of  Forts  Henry  and 

Heiman,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  the  Na(cid:173)
tionals  gai.ned  formidable  and  important 
posts,  and  1t  gave them a  strong hold  upon 
the  vicinity  of  Fort  Donelson  and  a  good 

water  batteries.  They  did  little  damage, 
while  the  aunboats  received  such  a  tre(cid:173)
mendous  p~unding  in  return  that  Foote 
J-~e hastened 
was  compelled  to  withdraw. 
to  Cairo  to  have  damaaes  repaired  and  to 
bring up a  larger naval for~e.  In  the  mean(cid:173)
time  Grant resolved  to wait. 
That  niaht  the  Confederates  held  a 
council  of ~ar.  The fort  was  in  command 
of  ex-Secretary Floyd, assisted  by Gene~als 
Pillow  and  Buckner.  On  the  suggestion 
of  Floyd  it  was  decided,  as  the  onl~ way 
to  save  the  garrison,  to  make  a  sortie the 
next  morning,  and  rout  or  dc:stroy  the  be(cid:173)
sieging army, or  cut  through  it and escape 
in  the  direction  of  Nash ville.  So  at  five 
o'clock  in  the  morning  Generals  Pillow and 
Buckner  started  out  the  former  to  strike 
the  Nationals  on  th~  right,  McClernand's 
division,  and  the  latter to  engage Wall~ce 
in  the  centre.  Pillow's  attack  was  quick 
and  vigorous,  and  in  a  short  time  the  op-

two  cowards were  at  once sus-
d  l  ,  the Conf cderate 

Th 
e 

. 
v11le. 
pended  from  comman  » 
h 
Government. 

. 

. 

.  . 

b  .  f 

At  an  early  hour  t  e  ne~ 

t  morning 
f 
the  appo1ntmenft  o 
Buckner  requested 
. ree  Uf)On  terms  o  su r-
d  to  the 
com1rnss1oners  to  ag 
-
render  Grant's  reply was  ne  an 
oint .""No terms  other than uncond1t1onal 
~nd i~1mecliate surrender  can  be  accepted. 
I 
ro  ose  to  move  immediately  upon  your 
p kP,,  The  surrender  speedily  followed. 
wor  s. 
·  re 
captured  besides  3,000  horses,  t8  fieldd 
Thirteen  thousand  five  hun  re  men  \\ e  -
ieces,  1 J heavy  guns, .2?·000  mus 'ets an 
~ larae  quantity  of  m1l1tary  stores.  The 
loss .;as  estimated  at  2 3 7  kill~d and  1 ,ooo 
wounded  on  the  Confederate side,  and  446 
killed  and  755  wounded  among  the  Fed-
f 
erals. 

d 
When  General  A.  S.  J ohnst?n  hea; 

d  d 

0 

the fall  of  Fort  Donelson  he  in;med1ately 
ordered  the  evacuation  of  Bowling  Green 

ADMIRAL  DUPONT'S  MACHINE  SHOP,  STATION  CREEK,  S.  C. 

position  in  the  rear  of  Columbus,  on  the 
\lississippi.  They determined  to  at  once 
follow  up  the  advantage  thus  gained  by 
an  attack  on  Fort  Donelson,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  near  Do(cid:173)
ver,  T enncssee. 

Two divisions  of  General  Grant's  army, 
under  ~IcCl e rnand  and  Smith 
left  Fort 
Henry  for  Fort  Donelson  on  the mornina 
?f  February  I 2th,  1862.  Another  divisio;, 
111  charge  of  General  Lewis  \\'allace,  was 
left  t?  hold  the vanquished  forts.  Grant 
and  his  two divisions  arrived  in  the vicinity 
of  the  fort  the same evenincr  and went into 
c 
an:p  to  await  the  arrival  of the  armored 
l! pan  looking  over  the  situation 
~Jt1lla 
rant clec1<led  to send  for  \Vallace  and  his 
troops.  Thev arrived  at noon  on  the  14th 
and  C 
' 
.  ommodorc.·  J·ootc  with  his  aunLoats 
avin 
h 
garnve. the attack  on  Fort  Donel-
0<m  as  begun  at  three  o'clock  that after(cid:173)
S~o;  by  th·  vess ·Is  Curo111/det,  Pittsburg 
•  -fJtt1s  and  lo11is1;i/le  firing  upon 
the 

' 
·  d 

;:,• 

-

. 

' 

b 

• 

posing  line  gave  way  excepting  Colonel 
John  A.  Logan's  Illinois  regiment,  on  the 
extreme left.  This gallant  stand,  with  the 
assistance  of  the  light  batteries  of Taylor 
McAllister and  Dresser,  made  the Confed~ 
erate linP.  recoil.  But beina re-enforced  it 
soon  put  the whole  of  McClernand's  di~is­
ion  in  great  peril.  Wall ace was  then  called 
upon  for  help,  and  he  gave such  a  hearty 
response  that  after  a  hard  struagle  the 
combined  forces  of  Pillow  and  bBuckner 
were  compelled 
their 
trenches. 

fall  back 

to 

to 

The  strength  of  the  Union  forces  led 
Floyd and Pillow to see  that the fort would 
soon  be  obliged  to  surrender,  and  f earina 
the consequences  to themselves if captured 
they  turned over the command  to  Buckne  ' 
and. under co:er o~ night cowardly desertcJ 
their companion~ m  ~rn.1s. and  fl.ed.  Floyd 
took .a  part  of his yirgi.nia~s with  him  up 
the  nver  toward  i  ·ash ville  in  a  steamboat 
while  Pillow  escaped  to  his  home  in  1 rash: 

f 

1 

d 
'  an 

left  that  city  and  moved 

and  Columbus.  The  troops  in  the fon 11e_ 
place  retreated  to  Nash ville, but beino- ra  _ 
idly pur~ued by  a  part  of  Euell's Ar~1y ~f 
the  Ohio,  under  General  Mitchel 
the . 
, uickl~· 
soon 
ashville  fell  i~o th~· 
southward.  Thus 
~ands of the Federals,  February 26th  i  86? 
ennesse~ was  now  almost  free  of  c' 
f .• -1· 
.  on  ( <.  -
erate soldiers 
· 
as  the  people  cl1splaved 
~gns o  oyalty  to the  Union,  the 
. ational 
overn men t  resolved  to  re-es tab] ish  ci" i 1 
£ 
o-overnment  th 
nt rew  Johnson  of 
e/st Te~nessee, was made Provisional Gov-
nor,  with  the  military  rank  of  briuadi 'r 
tene1ra~.  and  he  entered  upon  his  duGes  at 
as wdle  on  1\Iarch  4th 
Stirring  events  \'C 
· 
~I·  . 
I 
' ·!·  l  .<l .... , 
t 1e  1·  1ssiss1pp1  River 
I  1 
l 
1~  .ten 
· 
r 
1  0 ·  I<>  were  occupied  by  th  . 
s  anc 
~~derates  who  had 
·vacuatt>cl  Cr 1 
i hose  at  New  ~laclrid  "' .. ~. 
by  Genc·ral  M ·C 
was 

\  re  now  occurnncr  on 
1 
11n1 
I un-
>.um  >U  • 
u  c  <om ma IH l1;d 
u.  1 
<J 
>(  clll 1  ·~anl, 

charge..:  of  ( ~  ·ner.,\  ·  I' ,, 

c  own,  and  l sland  1 

A  1 

1 '< .• ,,. 

ere. 

.  · 

. 
111 

•  .. 

. 

' 

-

. 

FRANK  LESLIE'S  f LLUSTRA TED  JJJ.S 7 ORY  011  7 /f/!.  r JVJL  WA/l 

who,  as  we  have 
seen,  had  been  sent 
WesL  While  C 
Cairo  preparin T  ~mmod?re  Poote  was  at 
places,  Gc·neralg p~r a  s!cge  of  those  two 
Louis  bv  General  Fe,  cbspatched  from  St. 
f  de rate~<>  from  NC\~ a~ck,. drove  the  Con(cid:173)
sou ght  refuge  on  Islan adnd,  and  as  they 
came the  chief  ob· 
erals. 

o.  1 <>,  that  be(cid:173)
Ject  0  attack  by the  Fed-

f d 

The island  had b 

h 

by  Beauregard  so  tehcnt  t  loroughly  fortified 
f 
· 
ing o 
morn-
'  oote  opened  upon  it 

a  w 1en  on  the 

1 larch  16th  F 

'  · 

, 

While  awaiting  assistance  from  Pope 
Foote determined  to  get a  better position, 
so  ~s to  give his guns  chance  for  more ef(cid:173)
f~ct1ve work.  For this  purpose  an  <.!xpcdi(cid:173)
t1on  composed  of  Jllinois  troops  and  sea(cid:173)
men was  sent on  April  1st  to  capture  one 
of  the  seven  formiclable  redoubts  on  the 
Kentucky shore.  This was  successful,  and 
on  the  night of  the  3d  they took  another. 
Then one  o_f  Foote's gunboats  (the  Caron(cid:173)
delet,  Captain Walke,)  sailed down,  amid  a 
tremendous  cannonading  from  all  the bat-

THE  SOLDIER'S  REST-THE  FlUL<DS  OF  THE  SEVEXTH  AXD  EIGHTH  RE GDfE_ ·T.  ,  ~'EW- YORK 

\ 

RET-CRX  OF  THEIR  HEROES  TO  XEW  YORK,  T"CESDAY 

'PBUL 

• 

•  ~ 

2  TH,  I ~a.- . 

·rr 

OLL"~ -EER~  \\ELCOML' G  THE 

\Yhile  the  Pope. 

teries  on  the  shore,  to  the  assistance 

f 
with  heavy guns  and  mortars  no  apparent 
effect was made for some  time. 
!his  daring  feat  was  successfulfy 
siege was  going  on  General  Pope,  at  the  a~com~lished, and  the  vessel  was  received 
.suggestion  of  General  Schuyler  Hamilton,  with  wild  huzzas  by  the  troops  at 
r 
• 
was  haYing a  canal  cut  from  the  bend  of  Madrid. 
ew 
This passage  of  the  Carondelet and  th 
the  !\Iississippi,  near  Island  . • o.  8,  across 
near completion  of the canal  showed  Beau~ 
the  ne;ck  of a  swampy  peninsula,  to  the vi-
regard  th~t  t~e  siege  of  the  island  must 
cinity of  . · ew  Madrid,  where  Pope was  en-
camped.  This  was  made  to  open  a  pas-
soon  end  in  disaster.  So  he  immediately 
arre  for  Pope's  troops and  some gunboats,  t~rned over the  command  of  the  fortifica(cid:173)
t10ns  ~o General  :\IcCall, and the troop  on 
so 0 that they  might  flank  Island  . • o.  IO and 
insure its  capture.  The  canal  was  twefre 
the  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  . hores  to 
miles long.  and  was  completed,  after much  Gen~ral l\IcCO\~n, and with a  large  number 
hard labor,  in  nineteen  days. 
of  his  best soldiers departed  for  Corinth  ro 

1 

· 

" . 

f 
o 

. 

. 

. 

tates 

el erate 
h 

- ix  ot  the  enate  t 
'  0 

a  d  · 
n 
1_nqu1re  into  the 
condition  of  th. 
tate  which  formed  the 
,  called  Conf  el 
\. 
and  report  wheth 
f  menca, 
are  entitled  to  b er  _r  ey,  or  any_ of  them, 
e  1 epre  ented  in  either 
House  of  C 
ono-ress  , ··th  I 
at any  time  b  . ~b"ll  '  ' 1 
e~ve  to  report 
)I 
I  or otherwise;  and  until 
·uch. re 
fi 
1all  have  been  made  and 
na  )  acted  up~n by  Congress  no  mem-
ber  hall  be  received  in  either  H 
ouse  rom 
an  · 
~  oll  t 1e  so-called  Confederate  States . 
a_n 
' 
e  representa-
t1ves  of  th 
tates  shall  be  ref erred 

a  papers  relatino- to  th 

. 
11  •  port 

e  sai 

·d  S 

"" 

f 

l 

f 

FRA.NK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATl:.'D  HISTORY  OF  THE  CJVIL  WAR. 

~ n_ite~ ~tates, or any place sul>ject to  Lheir 
]Unsd1ct10n. 

"Sectior  2:  Co?gress  shall  have  power 
to .enforce  this  article  by appropriate legis(cid:173)
lat10n." 

After  the  appointment  of  the  "  Recon(cid:173)
struction  C?mmi~tee" Congress  proceeded 
to  the  cons1derat10n  of  bills  tending to  the 
full  and permanent restoration of the Union 
on  a  basis  of equal  and  exact justice. 
In 
Feb:uary,  I 866,  it  passed  an  act  for  en(cid:173)
larging  the  operations  of  the  Freedman's 
Bureau, which  had  been  established  for  the 

Still  another bill  of a  sirn 
the  clecti ve  franchise  wa 
people  of  the  District  of  L 
out any distinction  on  acco 
race,"  had  to  be  re-enacted  , 
dent's veto,  in  January,  1867 
interferencr 

Despite  the 

Johnson  by vetoes and  r 
of  reorganizing  the  1 
pushed  at  different  SL 
On June  r ~th.  1866. ano. 
the  (, onst1tution  was  adi 
ratified  by  a  sufficient  num. 

· 

J 

to  the 

PRE.'IDE~-T  LINCOLX  RIDBG  THROUGH  RICHMOND,  VA.,  APRIL  4Tn,  1865,  A::mn  THE  E:NTHUi::>IASTIC  UHEERi::>  OF 

THE  INHABITANTS. 

relief  of emancipated  slaves and  poor white 
men  who  had  been  rendered  destitute  by 
the  war.  This act was vetoed by President 
Johnson,  who,  although  he  had  announced 
himself  as  a  "Moses  to  lead  the  colored 
people.:  to  freedom,"  showed  by  various ac(cid:173)
tions  that he.:  was  not willing  to give  them 
any  civil  1 jrrhts.  The  bill,  however,  was 
promptly pa~scd  over his  veto. 
In  March 
he vetoed without effect  another law  in  be.:..: 
'lhi,  wa,  th<.;  Civil 
half  0f  the  nc.:gro. 
Rights Law, which gave: to al/ citizens, with(cid:173)
tr1  cohr  or pre..\ ious  condition 
out  r1_;ganl 
'. ""~ual civil  rights in the rcpuLlic. 

•  11° 

• 

in  July,  1868.  By  t 

make  :t  a  law 
. 
~mendmcn.t "all persons born or natura.li;-hi~ 
'.n  _th~ l! n1tc.:d  Stat~s,  and  subject  to  ttu 
3uns?~ct1on ~hereof,  w~r~ given  the.:  ri  }( 
the  pnvil  gc  of  h 'in% 1t 
of  c1t1zensh1p; 
S_enator  or  Rer:rcsentativ'  in  Congress"" 
l'..lector. of  l'rc.:s1dent  and Vice  l'rc:sid •n'  1 
of  holdmg  ~my ~ffice,  civil  or  military,t, 
dc.:r  the .u 111 . ... ·'l  States,  ur under any  St~ 
was <i<.:n1c.:cl  to  everyonc who  had tak1·n 
r~ 
in  ~h1;  war  ag-ainsL  the.:  gov1;rn11w11t 
t  ongn·s  , <rr 
havwg, 
;1s.  memlJtr  of 
Sta e  L1..:g1c;laturc,  <Jr  a. 
a11 
·•·  ·c'.11 i. 
jud cial  0illcc1  of  any 
• 

tatc.  c.""  .. 0 

fif.UTN.f(  LRSJJE'S  ILLUS7RATED  HISTORY  OF  7111.!  CIVIL  WAR 

•t.ion  of th  U niu.:<l States; 
it was  cl  ·clan;<l  valid,  and 
· <fc·bts  incurred  in  aid  of th. 
1as  forlJicl<len,  and  the  olJli(cid:173)
..;c]  illc·gal  and  voicl. 
~his amendment was formally 
·rlent  J ohn<>o1J, 
in  order  to 

'  of  it,  issued  a  proclama(cid:173)

dcclaring  general  and 
,1  and  amnesty for  all 
<gcd in  acts  of  rebellion, 

December,  I 868.  After several weeks' de(cid:173)
bate  the  following,  as a  Fifteenth  Amend(cid:173)
ment,  was adopted,  FelJruary  26th,  1869: 
".Section  r.  1 he right  of  citizens  of  the 
U n1ted  States  to  vote  shall  not  Le  denied 
or abridged  by the  United States, or by any 
State, on  account  of  race, color, or previous 
condition  of servitude. 

"Section  2.  Congress  shall  have  power 
~o  e_nforce  this  article  by  appropriate  leg-
1slat1on." 

, 
and  Texas,  w ~r(.  allowed  pla 
Senators  and  R ·presenlatiH  ,  in 
tional  Congr •ss.  There 
·r ·  thr  • .  ta 
still  out  of the  Union,  and  th•)  rcmai 
so  until  the  year  1872.  On  . 1ay 22<l  < 
that  year  Cong ress  pa  s  d  an 
Bill,  in  which  it  was  rec;olv  d  that  th  de· 
nial  of the  pri vil ege  of holding  office  im· 
posed  by the  third  section  of  the  I· our(cid:173)
teen th  Amendm ent  of  t he  Constitution  b 
removed from  all  pe rsoni;,  excepting m :m· 

\mn 

r  \  'J)  rrYJE\\" 
• '· 

oTHI:..H  .  1s 'PECTIXG 

,, 

'T  ,q ..  ' HIXGTOX,  D.  C.,  l\IAY  ~-!TH,  1  65-PRE  IDEXT  JOHX  OX,  LIEl'TEXA. -T  G:L "ER  L  GRA."T  Alill 
>. 

.A.RlIY-SHER1LL~  -.o.ALUTTIG  AT  THE  HE.ill  o r  H IS 

'"TA.FF . 

'JHE 

HER\LL~' 

This  amendment,  being- ratified  by  the 
Lc~islatures  of  the  requisite  nun~be~  of 
St;tcs, became  a  part of the  Const1tut1011. 
Having·  appro,·ed  of  the  amc n~ments by 
rJtiticativn,  and  h~l\"ing- ad~opted  rate Con(cid:173)
stitutions  approved  by  Congres  '.  d ecte<l 
1 'J.tional  ~enators and R epre.;;ent  tl\"L ·. and 
cornpli ,d "ith  other  reqtfrt:1nem ' 
CL  -
ur~s~. sC\' ~n of the late  onf eder,  e 
fiameh'.  N Nth  Cuolin.. 
,  nr<~i~  ,\bl  ''"~  ·  lis.:;i.:;sippi,  l 

0ut!1 

FRANJ<  Ll!'.SLJl.!.'S  ILLUSTRATED  11/STOR y  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

afterward  fell  back  to  Corinth,  and  Grant 
would  have  pursue<l  it,  and,  in  its  weak 
condition,  probably  captur<'d  it,  had  not 
General  I Ialleck,  his  superior at that  tinw, 
come  up  just then  from  St.  Lou is,  and  or(cid:173)
ch'rccl  the  troops  to  rest  for  awhil<-.  This 
gave  the  Confoderates  a  chance  to  reor(cid:173)
ganize  th<'ir  forces  and  make  themselves 
ready  for  anoth<'r hattlf'. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

HAr,LJWK  TAKER  CoRJNTH -A DARINO  RAID -- CAPTlTJUl! 
OF  MEMPHTH - FRDERAf,  VICTORY  AT  Jl.iEW  BRRNE 
-
HmnE  AND  FAr,L  OF  FORT  PULASKI  BmLr,rANT  AND 
1-\CJCC'EHfW{JT;  PLAN  FOR  THE  TAKINU  OP  NEW  OR-
1.r.:ANH-H.EWAJW  OFFmnm  FOR  BuTI.ER'f!  C'u'TURE. 
IT  was  not  until  more  than  two  weeks 
had  elapsed  after the  battle  of  Shiloh  that 
General  Halleck  put his  army in  motion  to 
capture  Corinth.  He  reached  the vicinity 
of  that  place  on  May  3d,  and  at  once 
started  the  work  of  erecting  fortifications 
preparatory  to  a  siege.  These were  com-

. 

l 

ma1;y  mil~  from  C<;>rinth.  After the battle 
uf  lea R1~lge, .Curtis  march  d  in  a  south(cid:173)
easterly d1rect1on  and  encamped  at  B  t 
·11 
a  es-
'' e,  t 1e  capital  of  In<lepen<lence  County 
\rk., on  the  \\'hitc  River 
' 
Gen:·ral  Grant's  army .at  the  beg-inninO' 
or  ,\1~nl  was  encamp  <l  betWc>f'n  Pittsbur~ 
L.rn<lmg,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Te1;. 
nes.s~e,  and 
the  Shiloh  Meetinghouse, 
wl:1c11  stoo<l  back  in  the  forest  about two 
~mles.  0'rant's  objective  point  was  Cor-
111th,  c:n  important  position  on  the  line  of 
the  Charleston  an<l  Memphis  Railroad. 
~he  sc>izure  of  this  place would  g-ive  the 
l• ederals  control  of the  o-reat  railroad  com-
mun1cat1on  between  the  Mississippi  and 
the  East  and  th  border slave-labor States 
and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
It  wou Id  also 
allow  the  troops  to  o·ive  material  aid  to 
Foote  in  the  plan  he\vas  tlwn  makinrr  to 
capture 

Iemphis. 

n 

b 

• 

. 

\Vhile  Grant was  thus encamped a  large 

force  of  about  40,000  Confederates,  un(cid:173)
known  to  him,  had  crept  up  from 
Corinth  to  within  a  few  miles  of 
Shiloh  Meetinghouse.  This force 
was  in  command  of  General  A.  S. 
Johnston,  assisted  by  Generals 
Beauregard,  Polk,  Hardee  Braaa 
and Breckinridge.  They de1cidedt~ 
await  the  arrival  of Van Dorn  and 
Price, who were approaching M em(cid:173)
phis  with  a  brge  force  from  Cen(cid:173)
tral  Arkansas, before attacking the 
Federal  camp;  but,  learning  that 
General  Euell's  army  was  on  its 
way  to  join  Grant,  and  knowing 
that  the  latter  was  ignorant  of  the 
near presence  of  his  enemy,  it  was 
resolved to  strike  before dawn  the 
next day. 

the:  half(cid:173)

The Union  camp was just awak(cid:173)
ing from  its  slumbers on the morn-
ng of April  6th,  r 862,  when  it was 
startled  by  the  wild  cry  of  pickets 
rushing  in  with  the  intelligence  of 
the  enemy's  approach.  The  as(cid:173)
sault  was  opened  by  an  attack  by 
Hardee' s  division  on  General 
\V.  T.  Sherman's  troops  stationed 
in  the  woods  near  Shiloh  Mef'l(cid:173)
inghouse.  The  Con f e <le rates 
dashed 
into  the  camp,  fighting 
desperately.  and  <lro\'e 
dre~sed, half-armed  troops  bt>f ore 
them.  General  Prentiss's  divis(cid:173)
ion,  which  was  planted  across  the 
road leading  to  Corinth,  was  next 
attacked.  His  column  also  gave 
wcty  under  the  onslaught,  and  lw 
and a  large portion  of his followers 
were made prisoners.  A fierce general strug(cid:173)
gle  then  began.  For ten  hours  the  battle: 
raged, with  terrible  slaughter on  both sides, 
General  W.  H.  L.  Wallace,  of  the  Fed(cid:173)
cjrals,  and  General  Johnston,  of  the  Con(cid:173)
f ederatcs,  being  killed.  At  length,  when 
night  set  in,  the  Federals  were  pushed 
Lack  to  the  Tennessee  River,  and  the  day 
was  fairly  won  uy  the  Confederates.  Still 
the  Fed<'rals  held  their  position,  and  dur(cid:173)
ing  the  night  were  re-enforced  by  the  ar(cid:173)
rival  of  a  portion  of  Buell's  army and  a  di(cid:173)
vision  under  General  Lewis  Wallace. 

On  the  morning  of the  7th  the  fight was 
renewc;d  by an  attack  by  Wall ace  on  the 
Conf 1·deratc  left,  which  was  in  charge  of 
~~·au regard  himself.  The  others  soon 
JOtnPd  in,  an<l  although  tht'  Confederates 
fought  bravely the)  were soon  driven back, 
~1n'.1  at  len~th  fled  toward  Corinth  to  the 
l\I ont ·rey,  nine  miles  a\Va). 
~eighh  of 
, hi·y  lo  t  at  lt·ast  10,000  men,  while  the 
1
d  rals  lost  in  killed  wounded  and  pris-
oners 
13,000.  Beauregard s  army  soon 

, 

' 

Buell's  army,  had  by  rapid  marches  from 
Nashville  and  by a  sudden  charge  on  the 
city  of  lluntwille,  Ala ..  c;ecure?  cont~ol  of 
the  Charlest()n  an<l  Memph1c,  Railroad 
from  Tuscumbia on  tlw  west  to  Stevenson 
th<:  ('a<;t,  and  also  of  the  Tennessee 
on 
Rivf'r  for  about one hundred  miles. 

M.itdwl  was a  daring and  audacious gen(cid:173)

I:> 

eral, and accomplished splendid w1~rk for ~he 
It was  he who set m motwn 
Union  cau..,<·. 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  enterprises 
un<lcrtakPn  clurinrr  the war.  This wa-;  an 
attempt to  destroy railroad  communicati?n 
between  Chattanooga  and  Atlanta.  C n(cid:173)
der  his  ordf'rs  J.  J.  Andrews,  with  t\\enty(cid:173)
two  picked  men,  disguise~}  as  Confederate 
citizens,  walked  to 
.Manetta  and  took  a 
train  for  a  station a  short distance from  the 
foot  of  the  Great  Kenesaw  Mountain. 
There they took advantage  of  the  absence 
of  the engineer and conductor  at breakfast 
by  uncoupling  the  engine,  tender  and  box 
\Vith  these  they  dashed  up  the  road 
car. 
at full  speed,  and  soon  began  th_e 
destruction  of  the  track.  But  it 
was  not  long  before  a  train  was 
started  in  pursuit of them.  An ex(cid:173)
citina chase ensued.  Onward sped 
pursued  and  pursuer.  For many 
miles  the  two  engines  flew  at  a 
terrific  pace.  But having  to  stop 
now  and  then  to  cut  telegraph 
wires  and  tear  up  the  track,  An(cid:173)
drews  and  his  men  began  to lose 
ground,  and  the  pursuers  rapidly 
gained  upon  them.  At length  the 
fuel  of  th~  fugitives  gave  out, 
and  th_ey\vere  compelled  to leave 
th~ir  engine  about  fifteen  miles 
from  Chattanooga.  They  fled  to 
the  shelter  of  the  woods  near 
Chickamauga  Creek,  and  defied 
capture  for  some  time.  But  the 
Confederates,  with 
the  aid  of 
bloodhounds, at last  ferreted  them 
out,  and 
the  whole  party  was 
caught.  Andrews  and  se\ en  of 
his companions were hanged.  This 
daring  raid  elicited  the  apprO\-al 
of  the  Secretary  of  \Var,  and  he 
presented  each  of the  urvivors a 
bronze  medal. 

then 

After the  capture  of  I  land  • To. 
10  Commodore  Foote  ~tarted 
down  the 
Iissi  sippi  RiYer  with 
his  armed  ves  els  and  tran ·port 
containing  Pope's  army.  in 
the 
hope of taking  l\Iemphi-.  He was 
stopped  about eighty  mile- above 
that  city  by  the  appearance  of  a 
Confederate flotilla  under Captain 
Hollins,  and  3.000  troop- under  1t..neral 
Jeff.  Thompson 
from  Fort  Pillow.  on 
Chickasaw  Bluffs. 
in  command  of 
General  \  illepigue.  Foote  L)pened  upon 
the enemy at once, but being  unassisted  by 
Pope's  troops,  who,  after  landi1w  on  the 
Arkansas  shore.  "ere  pre\ ented from  ad(cid:173)
vancing- by  the  flooded  condition  of  the 
country.  was  comp  lletl  tt)  withdr.rn. 
lins  then  rcorgani: ed  hi"  tlotilb .. rntl  on 
l\Iay  10th,  \\ ith  the assist«tnCt:.'  t)f  the  hea\'\· 
H~· 
guns on  Fort  Pillow,  attacketl  Ft)t*'-
w,\s,  however.  repulsed.  :-tml  :-ts 
l•t)Otl'  \\a· 
una?le  to  follo\\  up  th.is  \ ictL)r).  the  t)p-(cid:173)
postng  flevts  stood  quiet  for  t\\ o  \\eeks. 
Then  the  Conft'deratt:.'s,  1 ·arning- of  the 
l~ss of  Corinth,  hurried  tlown  to  ~ll'mphi .... 
l•oote  w.\s  now  re-enforced  b,  a  ..  nm" 
squadron,  prq>an·tl  b\  Colo1;el  Ch~1rle · 
l~ll ·t,  Jr.,  and  on  Jun· ·bth  he  at ta  ku.l  th~ 
Co~1fecle~·ate st!uadrnn  in  f rot~t of 
lemphi'S. 
fh1s  o:mg  dtsposc~d  l!f.  h  der.ll 
troops 
u_nder  (1e1wral  Le\\ ls\\ allacc  touk  po-s·es 
s1on  of  the city. 

l fol(cid:173)

GENERAL  WILLIAM  B.  FRANKLIN. 

pleted by  the  29th,  an<l  arrangements were: 
made  for  an  attack  the  next  morning. 
But  during  that  night  the  enemy  fled. 
Beauregard  felt  that  his  army was  hardiy 
strong  enough  to  cope  with  the  Army of 
the  Tennessee,  and  so,  after  destroying 
everything  he  could  not  carry  away,  he 
took  his  troops  in  haste  to  Tupelo,  many 
miles  southward  of  Corinth.  Arri\'itw 
there, he  turned  over his  command to  Get~ 
eral  Bragg  and  retired  to  some  mineral 
springs  in  Alabama  for  his  health.  Hal(cid:173)
leck  marched  into  Corinth  anLl  held 
it 
until,  shortly  aft  nvard,  he  was  appointed 
O"encral  in  chid of all  the  armit's,  and  left 
for  \Vashington. 
c;eneral  Thomas  then 
took  command  in  Corinth,  nnd  General 
Grant of  his  old  army. 

The  fall  of  orinth  completed  a  series 
of  events  by  which  the  Federals  gained 
possession  of  all  Kcntucl  y.  West 'rn  and 
Middle  Tennessee,  Northern  Mississippi 
and  N orthc·rn  Alabama ;  for  just  befon:. 
(April  11th)  General  Mitchel,  with  part  of 

FRANK  LESL/b.''S  JLl..US7RATl::JJ  JI/STORY  OF  THE  C!Vfl..  IVAR. 

' 

b 

• 

• 

t 

. 

· 

l 

· 

· 

-
-

·'  ·  • 

·r 

to 

, 
· 

· '  
-

tarn 

d  d 

I  J> 

·  1 
-

d  . h 

I '  J)  1 
' 

· 
• 
>enru111n 

·veral  dl<la}S. 
1
. · 

l  G , I 
1 
I  (' 
Jltt er  111  comman< 

,  J  'tttl1,  rJn  th e  morning  of  pril  18th  1o, 
•  %2. 
Jc 
f'nrt"r s  mortar  buat.,  supp Jrt  d  IJv  tl 
• 
rr 1rn L<nts  n·!>J1  ,n  ,.  ,  an 
a  a 

. 
New  Orleans,  Baton  Rouge  anc  Ja vc s-
ton  the:  N at1onal  (1ov<'rnmenl  p '1rc:c 
J(·n-
I  < f 
c:ra 
J 
th('  Dc1Ja1~tnwnt ~f  the  Gulf,  and  directed  verc  C()nllict  f<>r  s
1 
· 
· 
him  to  co-01Jcrate  with  the:  navy  t wre  in 
I  . 
J 
an  effort  to  capture  those:  paces. 
usl  JC  -
fore  leaving  Washington  General  Butler 
said 
the  President:  "Good-by. 
\Ve 
shall  take  New  Orleans  or you  will  never 
see  me  again."  And  Secretary  Stanton, 
who was  standing near, replied:" Tl:e  man 
who  takes  New  Orleans  is  made a  ]1eute n-
ant general." 

r· 
> 
• 
1,ut hura. 
1
not  > •  alJJ. 
t  sc  r>11  s·1w  that  lC  wou 
r 
,su 
Lo 
·']<·nee  tl11·  r·rwm v  and  he  dc·t ·rm in ·d 
· 
s1 
tr, 
;~in  lJy  t!1c  fort:-. .011 , th:  ~1~ght of. th:  23d. 
l  he  penlou~ \'<J)ag-<~ starl  d  at  l\\O  oclod· 
in  the  morn111g,  the  mortar hoatc; .~O\'erin1 
the  movc·ments  of ~he g~illlJ0at  ·  1 h ·flag. 
ship  flartford,  with  ~·~rragut,  and  .l\\o 
l!fJ  th1;  nrrf  t 
other  strong  vessels,  s,uled 
bank  of  the  river  to  attack  J•ort  Jacksc>n, 
N'cw  Orleans  being  the  chief  object  of  wl:ilc, ~ ight gunboat~, commancbl  by  Cap. 
l he::oclorus  Ba!ley,  ke1~t . t.h<;  easttrn 

the  expedition, it was  arranged  to  have  all 
the  lal  J  and  naval  forces  gather at  Ship  ]Jan~ to look after  I•o!"t  St.  1 l.111rp. 
1 he .dark  111ght  was  soon  lighted  up  by 
Island,  off  the  coast  of  Mississippi.  So 
the rapid  Oashes from  the f.orts  and  on  the 
when  Butler  arrived  at  that  place  with 
about  14,000 troops from  Fortress  Monroe  mortar boats, and from blaz1np;_ fire rafts stnt 
clown  by the Confedera~es.  l I:e  sc;nc was 
he found  there  General  Phelps with  Mas-
l wentr 
sachusetts and Connecticut troops  Admiral  a  a-rand  one  and the  noise  terrific. 
Farragut with  a  naval  force,  and  a  Aeet  of  mortars and  260 great gun~  c  lowed  forth 
their thunder, and  these, with  the  constant 
bomb  vessels  commanded  by  Commodore 
David  D.  Porter.  He  also  found  the  pas-
explosion  of  shells,  rn~de  th~  earth  fairly 
tremble.  Farragut  climbed  rnto  the  fore: 
sage  to  New  Orleans well  guarded.  Two 
riggin g  of  the I-fariford_  and  by watching 
forts-] ackson  and  St.  Philip-stood  on  a 
the  combat  through  a  night  glass  directed 
bend  of  the  Mississippi  River,  seventy-six 
the  movements  of 
the  boats  as  far  as 
possible.  The  fleet 
the  forts 
pas:-ed 
to  be: 
safely,  only 
attacked  by  a  large 
flotilla  of  "rams" 
and  gunboats. 
These,  ho wcvcr, 
were  soon  disposed 
of.  The  g u n boat 
T 'cnma,  C apt a in 
Boggs,  C:'specially dis(cid:173)
ti ngu i~hecl  herself 
r u  sh i n g  in 
h e re, 
among  the  Confed(cid:173)
e rat e  vessels  and 
f  i r  i n g  broadsides 
right  and 
left  until 
she  had  driven  three 
of 
them  ash or c. 
Tcarly  the  whole  of 

b  1 

b 

# 

A  short.  ti111e  bdorc  the  P.vents  just  re(cid:173)
corcl1·rl  C.<·ncral  Burnside;  ancl  Co111mo(cid:173)
cl<_>n·  J>  !l\\ an  sl'L  nut  lo  follow  up  the  capt-
~>'.  Roanoke  lsbnd  and  vicinity  by 
111  c 
o,lht.:1  .important  mow·mc·nts  on  th<'  North 
C..arol111a  coasl.  On  i\larch  12th,  r862, 
they  n:ach~d  the  T'\cusc·  River,  and  the 
next  121orn1n~  i 5,000  troops,  under  Gcn(cid:173)
<~rals  h>stcr,  R<'no  and  Parke,  were  landed 
and. 1~1arched against  a  stron£.rly  intrenchecl 
11os1t1on  of  the  Confederate~,  under  Gen(cid:173)
~ral  Branch,  at  Tew  Berne.  On  the  morn-
1 ng  of  the  14th  the  attack was  mad  ,  and 
although. the Confederates  hc:ld  out bravely 
ancl  p<:rs1stcntly,  th ey were  at  le1wth  over(cid:173)
come by superior  numbers  and  fie:!  across 
the Trent.  B)' burnincr  the  briclcres  behind 
1 
t  1em  they  managed  to  escape.  The  Fed-
~ra~s  then  took  possession  of  N cw  Berne. 
fh1s  was  fol~owed  on  April  25th  by  the 
capture  of 
I< ort  Macon,  on  a  point  of 
Bogue  Island  near the  entrance  to  Beau(cid:173)
'.ort  harbor,  and by the  accession  of  other 
important  places  on  the  coast,  amono- them 
Plymouth,  \Vinton  and  \tVashington~ 

;:, 

:-:;, 

in 

in 

f  o  r  t 

Early  in  1862  General  T.  W.  Sherman, 
in  command  of  the  Department  of  the 
So u t h ,  began  pre-
parations  f or  the 
bombard m  en t  of 
Fort  Pulaski.  Bat(cid:173)
teries  of  rifled  guns 
an d  mortars  were 
planted  on  Big  Ty(cid:173)
bee  Island  south(cid:173)
e as t  of  Cockspu r 
Island,  on  w  hi ch 
thf' 
s t o o d. 
T  h  e  n 
the  s·avan(cid:173)
nah  Ri \'er, 
the 
rear  of  the  fort,  was 
effectually  c 1 o  s e  d 
by  the  erection  of  a 
h ea v  y  battery  at 
Venus's  Point,  on 
J ones's 
Island,  and 
a 
smaller  one  on 
Hird  Island.  Before 
the  attack  on  Fort 
Pulaski  was  made 
General  Sherman 
was  succeeded  by 
General  David 
H  u  n  t  e  r 
th e 
c 0  m  1n  a  n d  of  the 
Department  of  the  South  (8th  of  March, 
1862). 
IOt 1  JY  a 
hea\'y  cannonadi~g  f:om  Bi~ T~bee  I_sl-
<ler  the  directwn  of  Generals  Gill-
an  '  ~ n d  Vi"ele  For two. clays  the fort was 
more  an 
Jl 
1 hen  the  balls  and  s ie  s 
11  cl  f  ·nde::cl 
· 
c  e 
we 
. 
l  cd  such  havoc  with  its  wa  s  t iat 
l 
fJ  a)'.son .was obli(.rec.1  to  surrender.  The 
hlac 
t  w  garn. 
de  it 
f  r .tl1e  I<'eclerals  to  close  the  port 
g-a111.l ol 
J 1  l 
os<., 1 J  e  o 
!J f .Savannah  against  the  num~rous . Jo~ <f-
tl at were then  making m1schic 
o 
ade  runners  1 
11  alon(I'  the  coast. 
. 
a 
r;,  J  ·1  Commodore  Dupont,  t 1en  rn 
;vr c.:anw 11  e 
,  nav  on  the  Southern 
command.  of  tf~~c  assi~tancc  of  General 
tired  Fort  Clinch,  on 
coast,  with 
\Vrigl.1t,  had  cap<lL com >cllc<l  the  Confed(cid:173)
;  . 1 oth('r  forts  along 
J\mel 1a  Island,  an 
c:rat(.;S  to  abanc__lon.  f lC~~d  Gc·orgia. 
Jack(cid:173)
thc c<Jasts  of  l•]on<·al  ';\hrch  r rth, by a  flo-
r 
bod)' of troops u n-
son v1  c  \\  · 
1 c  A  _ 
· 11· 
u 
t1  a  o.  nl'  , 
ch.:r  Li1;ut<  iMnl 
of  b\.·  Com-
; 
t·  ]·en  11c::;s.;ss1on 
.  I 
' 1 ·-
'J'11·1s  'dar111c:C1  t H:: 
"11st111c  \\'as 
1 
l.  al  onC('  flc:d  from 
i::-
rnandcr C.  '·  · 
Co11f1·<krates,  and  /  ~~-:'r;,..tiric;ttions on  the 
l't ·nsacola  ancl  all  t  Hi! 
main  <>J'pus1lt!  ">. 
... :,.'·  11  of  ]\[ o!Ji  t:, 
1 

·11 
d 
f  ,, 1nboats  an 
I I.  Stevens,  anc  .--it. 

·1 
The  siege  opened  on  A pn 

,  .. · 
• 
l '  I>  R oc  ere I s. 

f  this  important  positron  ma 

·as  ca1;tur<.;('  j 
a 

. 
1 •  rt  J>1cke11s 

1 u  onkr  to  g:1i11  poss<.s.,w 

T 
· 

J 
~ 1 

1  l 

~  , 

.  ' 

1 

1 

ll 

<l 

· 

. 

· 

· 

, 

. 

· 

0 

· 

· 

THE  MULE  CORRAL  AT  PI'rTSBURG  LANDING. 

miles  from  the  Gulf of  Mexico,  and  a  num(cid:173)
ber  or  smaller  fortifications  were  above 
these,  and  obstructions  had been  placed  in 
the  river  below. 

If this  railed  Farragut 

It was  arranged  that first an attack 

General  Butler  at  once  conferred  with 
Farragut and  Porter,  and  the  three  agreed 
upon  a  plan  for  the  cap tu re  of  N cw  Or(cid:173)
leans. 
would be made  on  the  forts  below hy  Por(cid:173)
ter's  bomb  vessels. 
was,  if  possible,  to  take  his  stronger  ves(cid:173)
sels  past  the  forts,  cut  off  their  supplies 
and  supports,  and  attack  the  Confederate 
vessels  up  the  river.  General  Butler  was 
then  to  attempt  the  cap tu re  of  F orl  St. 
Philip  by  an  assault  in  the  rear  with  his 
troops.  Then  the  land  and  naval  f orccs 
could  press  on  to  New  Orleans. 

According to  thi s  plan  the  two  fleets,  in 
which  there were  forty-seven  armed vessels 
and  some  transports  bearing  troops,  pro(cid:173)
ceeded  up  the  river.  Porter's mortar boats, 
which  led  the  procession,  managed  to  ~d 
a  crood  position  near  the  forts  by a<>'lum111g 
a  di<>guisc  in 
the  shape  of. mud .on  th  ·ir 
hulls and  branches  of trees  111  their  masts, 
yards and  ri gging.  The obstructions  in  the 
J\Iississippi  had  been  swept  a\\':t)'  hy  the 
swelling- of  the  ri\·er. 
A  sl~ol  from  Fort  J ad.son  opened  thl: 

the  Confederate  flo(cid:173)
tilla  W<l'>  d  strored 
within  the  space.  11f 
haH  an  hour.  Thi<; 
great  victory  cost 
the  Feder a Is  the 
loss  of but  30  men killed and  125  \\ ounded. 
In  the  meantime  Butler  had  l<lmi<'cl  his 
troops  and  gained  the  rear  of  Fort  St. 
Philip,  where  he  soon  compelled  the  <;ur(cid:173)
rcncler  of the garrison. 
..-\  little  lakr Por· 
ter cap tu red  Fort Jackson ,, ith  nl'arly 1,c•OO 
men.  Then  Farragut,\\ ith  a  rlcd  of  thir· 
~een  vessels,  sailc<l  up  to 
l  ew  ( )rleans. 
fhe people  there were  panic-sLricken.  :\!en 
~ncl women  rushed  through the  streets er):: 
mg,  "  Burn  the  citr !  Burn 
the  city! 
Thousands  of  dollars; worth  of cotton  wa~ 
hurriedly carried to the le\'ees to he burned: 
specie  to  the  amount  of  ${.!IO(>,oO(I  w;1 ~ 
sent out  of the  city  by  railroad, and a  large 
number  of  citizens  (1  ·d  from  th·  doo111t·~I 
town.  ,  As  Farragut  approach "d,  on AW1! 
25th,  Gcnt:ral  LoYell  and his troop~ ::;ct  t11 ' 
!·a~· 
to  the  cotton  and  quicklv dccnmped. 
ragut held  the  city until  (;ent:ral  Huth r  .. i· 
rive~ with  his  troops  and  tonk  ft1nn:1l  1 o-· 
session.  But] ·r  made  his  htadqu. rtcr:.  .ti 
the  St.  Charles  I Intel  an I  , t 
t 1111.C  pr 
claimccl  martial  bw.  Orh  < [hi..;  first  · ·lt 
was to  caus ·  th  · arrc:-.t an  I inrn11.:di.  lt  tri. I 
:1  m .. n  n:ufl. ~ 
on  a  charg.  cf  ~reas  n  i> 
:\I umfnrd for pullt11cr duwn  th  n,  ti Jti.1  d 
J\ l l!l~ f  r l  wa  t~  n , it t t  I · 11 
n n  t h l:  fl I in t. 
quickly  hangt d. 

Hut!  T's  rig-uruth rul1!  nf .i 

'"Ork· n.;r'" 

FRAX.A.  LESLIE'S  llLUSTRA TED  lfl.STOR. y  OF  THE  Cll7n  TVAR. 

citell  a  'iolent personal  hatred  of  th  ue n(cid:173)
er.·ll.  R ichard  Y eado n,  a  prominent  citizen 
of  '~1.ules ton.  offered  a  re\\' a rd  of  $ 1 o.ooo 
for  his  cap ture  and  d e live ry,  d 'ad  or aJi,·e, 
to  ~nr.  Confederate  authority.  J -ff  ' rson 
u~nr 1s · ued  a  pr  clamation  in  which  he 
pronounced  Butler  to  be  a  f c l on  d ese rvi1w 
of  capital  punishment,  and  "should  not b~ 
trea te~ as  a  public  e nemy  of  the  Confed(cid:173)
erate 
tatcs, but as  an  o utlaw  and  common 
e1: e my  of  ma nkind;"  and  he  ordered  that, 
•·  l1l  the e \-en t  o f  hi s  capture,  thC'  officer  in 
c?mmanu  of  the  capturing  force  do  cause 
~11111,, to _ b e  irn.m ecl iately  executed  by  hang-(cid:173)
mg. 
fh e n.  111  a  le tte r  to  th e  Charleston 
Courit'I',  a  "Daughter  of  South  Carolina" 
wrote  :  "  I  propose  to  spin  th e  thread  to 
make  th e  cord  to  execute  the  o rde r  of  our 
noble  President  Davis whe n  old  Butler  is 
caught;  and  my  daug hter  asks  that  s he 

in  chief,  <however,  remon(cid:173)

February  2 2(1.  McClellan  was  then  or(cid:173)
to  first  march  against  Manassas. 
d e red 
Th e  general 
strated  against  this,  an<l  proposed  to  take 
his  army  to  Richmond  by way  of  Fortress 
l\Ionroe  and  the  pe ninsula,  between  the 
York  and  James  Ri vers.  The  President 
did  not  agree  to  this,  anJ  it  was  decided  to 
s ubmit  th e  matte r  to  a  council  of  officers, 
wh e n  l\f cC lellan's  plan  was  accC'ptccl .  The 
ge ne ra l,  however, 
to  wait 
until  th e  forces 
in  th e  \Vest  had  gai ned 
victories  before startin g  for  Richmond. 

thought  best 

Th e n, 

lea rni1w 

that  th e  Confederates 

took  his  whole  a rmy 

had  re treated  frobm  l\Ianassas  towa rd  Rich(cid:173)
mond,  McClellan 
across  th e  Potomac  and advanced  on  aban(cid:173)
don ed  l\fanassas,  to  ()'ive  hi s  so ldi ers,  as  he 
littl e  a~tive  experie nce  pre(cid:173)
explain ed,  a 
paratory to  the  campaig n!  The army  had 

~hit  r.<:lief  came  t<~  thc~m 
pending clisastcr. 
unexpect<'dly that  night  in  th<:  shap<· of  t.he 
;Jfom'!or,  a  small  but strr111g  ~ll n l1oat,  with 
its  deck  almost  k\'fJ  \\ ith  th<'  s11rfau:  of 
the water,  and  having  in  its  c1·ntn·  a  round 
tower  of  hea\'y 
to\1·er  was 
made  to  revcih·<:  so  that  itc;  tw<i  h1  avy guns 
\\ ithin  could  be  brought  to  bear  upon  an} 
point without  changing  the:  po..,ition  <A  thf'. 
vessel.  This  little  craft  had  bern  con(cid:173)

structf·d  by  Captain  J <ihn  Ericss(>n  at < f;\\ 

iron.  This 

York,  and  arrived  at  I I am1Jton  Roads  JUSt 
in  the  nick  of time  to  show  its  usdulncss. 
U µon  reporting  to  the  flag  ~fficf'r  in  thi:; 
Roads,  Lieutenant  ] ohn  L.  \\ ordcn,  com(cid:173)
mander  of  the  Jl/onz'tor,  karnc:d  the  situa(cid:173)
tion  of  affairs,  and  at  <Jncc  made  prtpara(cid:173)
tions  to  meet  the mischief maker from  . ·or(cid:173)
fo lk.  Early  the  next  morning.  ~r a~ch 9th, 
r862,  the lllcrrimac  appeared  comrng  ou t 

- - - -= - -

- --~--= -

-

THE  ARl\IY  OF  THE  POTOl\IAC- SCENE  A'r  THE  OBOSSING  OF  KETTLE  RUN. 

may  be  allowed  to  adjust  it  around  his 
neck." 

CHAPTER  X. 

Drs.-1.GBEElI~"iT  OF 

'l'BR  PRESIDEN'l'  AND  GENE~AL ,1\Ic(cid:173)

l\I1mm: 
CLEC,LAN -THE  "}UONI'I'OR"  AND 
T'.ll~ 
}!.AC" - BATTLE  oe  \\'INCHES'l'EH  -.OPENING 
CAllPATG.S  ox  'l'BE  Ymor;r.-1.  PExr.ssc,r.A -ENGAt.E 
ll.EST  AT  \\'fLI,fA}lliBTTJW. 
T11E  Grand  A rmy  of  the  Potomac,  un(cid:173)

'J'HE 

der  General  :\IcClellan,  lay  idl e  for  son:e 
time  in  the  vicinity  of  \\'ashington,  await(cid:173)
It.  ha<l ,  hoi,·e~·e r'. 
ing  orders  to  advance. 
been  disciplined  and  recruited  from  t.1me 
to  time,  so  that  early  in  r 862  it  co mpnsecl 
a s trong  force  of 200,000  Jn('Jl. 
•  _ 

. 

'I he  1Je(Jpl1!  had  at  last  l ><:c:om<~  .1111p,t 
ticnt for  these  trocips  to  d<1  S(}Jneth1ng  to 
heir)  crush  th·  Co11f1,<kracy. 
.  r,  the  I'n,s(cid:173)
idcnt  on  Januan·  27th,  i5~twd  a  gen<;ral 
l 
·  order  din:  ting  a  simulta1w1Jus  movemen . 
nf  all  th •  land  an<l  nn val  forces  nf  the 
L: ni ed  .  tat·  against  the·  Crinfi·d(·rall;!s  on 

, 

' 

a  pleasant  little  outing,  and  then  moved 
back  to Alexandria.  This  so  disgusted  the 
President  that  he  at  once  relieved  l\1c(cid:173)
Clellan  of  his  position  as  general  in  chief, 
and  put  him  in  command  of  only  the  D e(cid:173)
partm e nt  of  the  Potomac. 

At  about  this  time  a  short, sharp  and d e(cid:173)
cisiYe  battle between  two  small  but  power(cid:173)
ful  v~ssels  occurred  in  Hampton  Roads. 
The  Conf eJerate~,  as  b  fore  noted,  had 
raised  the .11/crr/mar,  one of  the  ships  su nk 
in  the  river  at  Norfolk,  and  con,·erted  her 
into  an  ironclad  gunboat.  On  1\Iarch  8th 
this  vessel  started  on  a  trip  of  destruction 
among the  ships  at tl: c  n~ou~h of th  J amcs 
Ri\'er, ancl  s uceed ecl  111  s111k1ng  ~he wooden 
·t'ilin(J'  fri •i-atl''i  CoH,t;rt•ss  and  (  11mbtrlanrl. 
5' 
l 
'i his  sp r('acl  ~tl~rm among  >t  1c  arm)  ant 
nav  ,  officC'rs  111 
I Iampton  koads,  as  they 
)  l  >tl1er  trans1)orts  and  "ar  Vt'ssds 
<~a re:< 
f 
11  11,ti·c·  tlw  fate:  of tlH:  fngat('s. 
l  hey 
wou  (  s  • 
,·1L 1•  r  ....  111c•ans  to  Jff ~vc·nt  the  rm· 
11 
('()IJ  ( 

, 
, 
l 
(  ('\  ,, 

1 

...., 

:-. 

•V 

. 

' 

1 

of  the  Elizabeth  Ri,-er,  and  the  Jfom'!or 
\Ye nt down  to  stop it.  There'' :is  <l  terrific 
conflict,  both  vessels hurling huge  mis::;iles 
with  tremendous force  against  each  other. 
No  effect  secmeJ  to be  produced  on  the 
iron  sides  of the J/1111/111r. while  th, .i1!tn ,~ 
mac suffered so much, she w:is  soon  olili~··ed 
to  '\ orf~lk. 
to  gi' c  up  the  fra)  antl  11, 
Both  of  the  commanders  w'cr,  '' oundnl, 
Lieutenant  \\.ord  n  bcin~- struck  in 
the 
face  by  the  sudden  dislodgnwnt  pf the  Cl'· 
mcnt  arountl  the  peephole  in  the  turret, 
ausctl  by  tlw  striking- of  one  t1f  th· shl1t: 
l'Jw  Jft·rr/mat  nc,· ·r  \'ent-
on  that  point. 
ure<l  out  a.,.ain. 
\\ lwn  the  Confedcratl's  l'\':trnat1 d  ~Ia­
nassas  Sttir1ewall  Jacksun  h,1d  taken  up  a 
position  at  \\' inchcskr.  i11  th1·  ~livnandoah 
\'alley. 
in 
command  of  th1:  Fed1' ral  troops  near  l lar(cid:173)
p<'r's  l;erry,  wishini.:·  lti  , l'l'lll'1:  t.Plltrol  of 
the  \'alley,  dispatched  Cl 0 l1Pral  Shic Ids  tu 

l~i:neral  ;\.  I'.  H:111k:-;, 

then 

• 

• 

, 

, 

F!</JNJ\  /,FSL/FS  Jl.JJJS7RATR/J  i!/S"TOH y 

OF  7YJI:.  CJV/f,  J.f//JR. 

l 

'J'] 

.  1  I 

1  s· . I l 
rn. 

-
<tllac  k  J·tcksc 
' 
h ·  · 
ie  att<;r  wit 1c  rew  for-
t  r·r  u 
p,  anc 
-
.  n1e  cs,  after  pursuing  him 
fcir  S()lllf.!  disUtnc<',  c·nut1111wd  al  Winches(cid:173)
ter.  J ack!:>on  th<.:n,  !wing n·-C'nforced, came; 
~he!  vallc~y  with  a  large  body  of 
dc>wn 
t!·<>~>ps,  inf an try  ~tnd  cavalry,  an cl  attacked 
Sh1dds  at  Kernstown,  just  west  of  \Vin(cid:173)
c:hcster, on  March  22cl.  After  a  sharp ancl 
s<.;v<:re  engagement,  in  which  Shields  was 
badly  wounded,  the  Confederates were  de(cid:173)
feav.:d.  They  f1e<l  up 
Banks's  me n  close  on  their  heels. 

the  valley,  with 

The_  Army  of  the  Potomac  began 

its 
campaign  on  the  Virginia  Peninsula  early 
in  April.  All  but  about  73,000  of  tl1at 
army,  which  were  left  for  the  protection  of 
\Vash ingto n,  had  been  transferred to  For(cid:173)
tr ·ss Monroe by General McClellan.  There 
were  now  about  I 2  I ,r>oo  men  at that place, 
and  these  were  moved  in  two  columns  up 
th e  penirsula;  one  column  under  General 
I [eintzelman  marchino-
the  York 
River, and the  other, u nbder  General Keyes, 
near  the  James  River.  A  fortified line  had 
been  f.Jnned  across  the  peninsula  by  a 
comparatively  small  Confederate  force  un(cid:173)
<le.r  General  ].  B.  Magruder.  Being  de(cid:173)
tcived  as  to  the  number  of the  Confeder-

near 

• 

J 

0 

• 

-

. 

I 

. 

. 
· 

,  I rf·C!JJI  ti  -
f tl1<-1r  woun( c 

I he  J·ederals wou. ld  iavc  l 
he le-

,  This drov(; 
turrH;d  the;  flank  of thf~ £:n<:tn~ · 't· t<•  r£·tr<..:at, 
. . 
the  Confc:d<~ratcs into  ,t  .'  · 
l ·d  )>1,hind 
I 
(:av111g  a JOUt  oOO  0 
.  Jress<;cl  on  in 
th<;m. 
} 
, It-
. . 
. 
•  J fJfO  ;a J  y ca ; 
1 
I ut 
lrnrsu 1t  of the fug1t1ves,  ctn< 
cl 
army, 
h 
; 
J  Jclield 
l  e  w  ( 
ured  or  disperse 
just 
M cClcllan  came  on  the 
d  he· 
;att J  -
nstea 
·t 
-
· 1 
.  ll<' 
then  and would  not  a  ow  1  · 
J  w 1cn 
-
f 
orwar  •  ai; 
marched  slowly 
ton 
1 
J<.iver Jr11ns 
1c  a 1ornrny 
f  \\T"ll-
reached  the 
·  1 
1  battle o 
. 
I 
•  cl 
was  safe  beyond 1t. 
n  t 1e 
I  1  . 
..,  ?()(J  an 
F  cl 
iamsburg  the 
e  era  oss 
-·-
the  Confederate  1,000. 
. 

Ch .  k  1 

cl 
· 

\:Vas 

I I 

. 

JI 

. 

· 

Tl 

cl  cl 

.  1 

unng 

McCldlan  had  moved  only  thirty-silx 
. 
the  mont 1 
miles  toward Ric 1mon 
after his  arrival  at  Fortress  Monroe. 
1e 
principal  reason  given  for  this  slow  prog(cid:173)
ress was  his  fear  that  he  had  not_  troops 
I Iis  ar!11Y 
enough  to  def eat  the  enemy. 
had  been  somewhat  depleted  by the with(cid:173)
drawal  of  13Jenker's  division  of  IO,~oo men 
to  strengthen  Fremont,  who  was  m  com(cid:173)
mand of the Mountain  Department, ,beyond 
the  Blue  Ridge,  and  of  McDowell s  c:r~ny 
corps,  who  were  ordered 
to  a. po.s1 t1on 
where  they  could  be  ready  to  assist  111  the 
defense of  the  capital  or  in  an  attack upon 

in  thr  ri  'r put  a 

''J  •  ~ 

. 

struction 
cha  e. 

' 
1

p 
n~n  <1a 

( rom  , Iana~s~'>~  1  I'~  'II  _ itl 

After John  t  n harl  1thdra  n  ·  t 
',,,.,,,,
( k  Ul) a  JJ0Sltl0f1 at  j  f  1)1•ru k  };:,rrr 
to•  rf 
h·a  tl c n, it 
·all( .. 

i 
tr1; 
for  an}'  emergi·nc)s'·.h  >and 
have s '<..:11,  in  the  . 
the ];c.:gin~i~g uf  • fay  , .  r-ral  L -d, -.· ~ 
had  just  y)lne~  Shton 
\all  Jad  in  ri  : 
I [arri <>()nburg,  in  t  e  uppc>r  part r,[  thr 
kv,  was ord ~:e<l to hold  Bank·,  h·,,. C <!.. 
er'al  Robert  J~.  Lee  should  pu  h ac.rc, 
.. 
1 
Rai;pah annock  and  cu~ off all  <,?mmunic.i. 
tion  betwer;n  ,<\lexandn_a _and  '.\ 1~chc  trr. 
\Vhil e  on  the way  to JOm  the  h:dcrals · 
the valley  one  .of  Frcm<J?t\  ~lrigad(  • u~. 
clcr  Gcnc:ral  Milroy,  foll  111  wtth  Jachon's 
troops.  The latter at once  mow·d  again  l 
l\Iilroy,  ancl  at  ~lclJowell, west  of  . taun. 
ton,  a  scv<:re  battle  of  aL(Jut  fi\·e  hou•) 
.  lthrrngh  ne:thl"r 
took  1;lace, 
side  could  be.:  said  to  han;  won,  Jackson 
sent a  note  to Ewell  the;  nc;xt mc,rning,sa\. 
inrr:  "Yesterday God  gave  us  the  victo;, 
In  this  battle:  the;  1-'i·rhai 
at
lost  in  kill ed  and  wounded  256  mr:n,  and 
the  Confederates  46 I. 

l\1cDowell." 

l\Ia):  8th. 

6

Some stirring events  nowoccurrtd in  the 

'l'Irn 

fNVAHION  OF  PENNSYLVANIA- BA'l'TLE  OF  GET'l'YBDURG,  FRIDAY,  ,TUJJY  3u,  l8G~. 

b 

. 

. 

I 

,. 

.  . 

.  d  M 

IJac 
. 

•1tzJO 1n 

cl .  ·  · 
1v1s1on  u 

1 Sumner  and  the  mam  JO  y 

ates,  McClellan  clecicle<l  he  could  not  get 
J;eyon<l Yorktown without  re-en~orcements, 
an<l  while  awaiting  these  rem_amed  nearly 
a  month  below  that  place.  1 lien  a  regu(cid:173)
lar  siege  of  Yorktown  was  begun  :J~ G_en-
1 I •..  I  Portr·r  althoughtheFecle1als 
-..  • 
era 
t  onrrer  in  number  t1an 
t 
were  ten  t1 mes  s  r 
th;.  Confederates.  After  an  attempt .  o 
car;ture  the  intrenchments  on.  the  WIS arw_itclk 
nder  Genera  ·  1111  11 
River  by  a 
d  -
'  f  Ke  'es's  column,  had  ~ade  ' 
agru  ~1 
-)k·  to  the  stronger  mtrenchmcnts  in 
IJ,11 
c 
He  was  pursued 
l  cl  of 
front  of  \Vdl1amsbu rg. 
by (J~nlcra l: 
h·11e  McClellan  remained  at 
llw  I~ e<  era s,  w 
l 
enera 
Y orkto.wn  a  1  y ork  River  to  strike the 
Franklin  up  tie 
ene_!TIY  on  the l~f~  E.  Johnston  now  made 
.  _  ne<l  ch id command 
1 . 
Ir c  c:oon  Wit 1  rew 
llS  appca  ' 
of  the  Confcdcra.tl ef.s. JI  !Jacl:  toward  Rich-
V'Jj 
" 
' 
r  ' tr1C 
his  main  ann)  ' 
lc·r  to  hold  \  1  -
· 
,,.  the  r<'marnc 
·  d 
. 
c · J  rs  rctn;a 
n1onc  ,  <;,n 111 ,..., 
,.  \V" S  su rprise 
t  11
. 
-.. 
1 
i\T·  ,  sth  by  Generals 
1am<iburg-. 
· 
j  1'l)I I· nc~ck.  A  seve re 
by  an  attac_ k,  on 
1 
I I  1. ,r  led  the:  assau  t, 
J Joo  er, 
/ 
l>·tttlf'  followed. 
liotiro.;  when 
' 
I I an cock 
and  k1·1)t 
K earny  call1e 

,[ 
oo-.t 
fully  n1n<.: 
. 
1 
1lS 
. 
' 

I r 
\..(;,u 
. 
it  up  or 

, n<l  sent  troops  under 

(.Jenera!  ] osep 

r·tncr' ·rn<l  asslll 

. . 1  .111 c.I 
, 
'lH 

'  -nv  anc 

I  J  •  ,· 

f 
o 
t 

k 
· 

. 1 cl 

G 

- (. 

Jll 

(' 
-

. 

· 

' 

'4

-

-

• 

• 

• 

• 

to 

these  with(cid:173)

In  addition 

Richmond. 
drawals,  General  Wool,  with  his  1 o,ooo 
men  at  Fortress  Monroe,  was  made  inde(cid:173)
pendent  of  McClellan's  orders.  As  the lat(cid:173)
ter felt  that he could  not absolutely depend 
on  any  of  these  troops  for  support,  he 
kept  hesitating and  complaining of  a  want 
of  men,  although  the  President  urged  him 
to  act  at  once  before  the  enemy  should 
gather in  greater strength  on  his  front. 

General  John  E.  Wool,  feeling  certain 

that  the  Confederates  could  easily  be  driv(cid:173)
en  out  of  Norfolk,  started  from  Fortress 
Monroe  and  made  a  personal  reco nnois. 
sance.  The n  he  crossed  I1ampton  Road s 
and landed a  few regiments  for the purpose 
of  striking  the rear of the  fortifications  be(cid:173)
low  that  city;  but upon reachin g  the  place 
he found  that  General  I lu ge r,  in  command 
at  Norfolk,  had  already 
retreated,  and 
\Vool  gained  the  ci.ty  without  a  fight,  on 
May 9th.  Before  leaving 
feder~t~s set fire  to  the  once  pow(!rf ul  but 
now  much-battereJ  .'1.fcrr/mar.  The  Con 
federa te  vessels  in  th{'  J amvo.;  Ri, er sl'l  off 
for  Richmond,  hotly  pursued  by  Commo(cid:173)
dore  Roclgcrs's  flotilla  of  gl111b'):i.Ls 
to 
within  eight  miles  of  Richmond.  wh  ·rl! 
a  strong  fort  on  Drewry's  BlulT  and  ulJ-

'orf olk the  Con(cid:173)

. 

• 

b 

L 

i-. 

~ 

\ 

, 

""·':> 

.  . • 

Shenandoah  Valley.  Ew1·ll  pressed  bac~ 
Banks to  Strasl;urg-,  and a  little lakr (~la)l 
2yl)  th e  combine~!  f~rci·s  of Jacks~r~  3~(! 
Ewell  captured  or  d1sp1;rscd  the  I ule R 
troops  at  Front  Royal,  und ·r Colonel J.  · 
K e nly,  of  Baltimore.  Then  Banks  rd 
trea ted  quickly  clown  the  Yalle\',  pur:-~1.c 
1 
t  \\ 111-
)y  20,oou  Confc.deratcs.  1  rrl\'lllg' a 
11 
chester,  he  mac.le  a  stand,  \\'ith  J.CIOO  11: \  
ao·ainst  an  attack  U)'  E"·el l,  un  )lay .:>.il  : 
I  hour' 
f 
After  fi crhtm <r  (l"allantlv  fur  SC\ t·ra 
cO 
Banks \\'as  com1)elled  tu  retreat .uec3Ll:> 
... 
·he i .. 
1 
the approach of Jackson \\'ith an o\•eni .J 
ing  force.  The  Federals \\'ere  pur;;ucd f~r 
far  as 1\Iartinsbur~. anJ  thev en  :unp
e
. 
,. 
1
1
11
the  night  on  the  Potomal.'.,  ~t 
\\'  1~1 
1  " 
-J)  \\-eli 
. 
po rt. 
Lcarn111,,. of these mow:m ~n t;;,  :ih.  ·  •ef· 
l '  I 
I I re· 
to  Ill• 
sent a  fo1·ce  O\  •r  the  Blue  1'.1c g 
cc pt  tht..:  Conf eel crates  if  the,• :,,h  11 '  •he 
{rorn  • 
· 
Lr ·at,  and  h·emont  hurn ·d  on 
e{lb-
:'·cst:  tO\~·ard  Stra;burg,  with  th  <;;:;  \;th 
fed(cid:173)
JCCt  ll1  \ 'I" \\' . •  \t  this  Jack-.  11  Ill\ 
his whol  · forct..:  up  the-,. lley,. nd  t~e}!.\ c:!; 
crals ~·a,•e eh:is  .  Fremont O\  rt  0 
• 
at  C ros<>  h.  ·vs  b  ,·ond  •  an1-. 
• ,· 
J~1~1  •  ilh. 
I lw  battle"·· ~h. rp 
tr 
c1St\'C. 
Cent.rals 
r 

•  nbul". .. 
.I 
•
but 
11
1
t' 
I  lft 
l 

\t  th~  same 
, rr  II  and 

~ 

1-f 

.~ 

• 

, 

· 

. 

. 

" 

• 

-

, 

0

FR.I.VA"  fJ!SL!E'S  11.lUSTR.lTEIJ  !f!STORV  OF  T!IH  CfTlfL  Tf'.IR. 

J.lcL0n  at  Port  Republic,  beyond 
the 
Shena1~do;\h Ri,·er,  so  closely that he calicd 
upt n EwclI  for  help.  The latter set  out at 
on 'C  to  obey the  call,  and  by burn inn·  the 
bridge  O\'cr the  Shenandoah, near  Poi; Re(cid:173)
public.  slopped  the  pursuit  of  Fremont. 
.I ,\ck: on  .then, wi.th  his  large  force,  easily 
routed  his  encm1e  ,  and  they  fell  back  to 
\\.inchester. 

By the  middle  of  l\Iay  General  l\1cClel(cid:173)

ld~1  managed  to  get  within  nin e  miles  of 
~1chmond,  making  his  headquarters  at 
Cold Harbor,  near the Chickahominy River, 
and  toward the  close of  that month  the  two 
armies  of 
fronted.  each  o~her upon  opposite  sides  of 
the  Ch1ckahom111)'· 
othinl)'  was  lone for 
':l.  tune.  as  both  ge ne rals  were  waiting  for 
re-enforcements  from  the  Shenandoah  Val(cid:173)
ley. 

IcClellan  anLl  Johnston  con(cid:173)

b 

• 

The  proximity of  the  Federals  alarmed 

erals  tool·  possession of the  Richmond  side 
of  the  Chickahominy.  Seeino·  the  result 
of  this  bold  dash,  l\IcClclian  tl1e  n  xt  <lay 
ordered  an  immediate  advance  on  Rich(cid:173)
mond;  but  with  his  usual  hesitancy  he 
waited  until  it was  too late  to  carry  out  the 
order,  and  nothing  was  clone  for  several 
days  except  the  sending  of  General  Fitz(cid:173)
john  Porter with  a  large  force  to  I lanover 
Courthouse 
for 
McDowell  to  join the  army,  which  McClel(cid:173)
lan  persistently  demanded.  After  some 
sharp  skirmishes  Porter  succeeded  in  cut(cid:173)
ting all  railroad  communication  with  Rich(cid:173)
mond  except  one  leading  to  Fredericks(cid:173)
burg,  and  then  rejoined the  main  army. 

the  way  open 

to  keep 

The  apparent  timidity  of  McClellan  em(cid:173)

boldened  General  Johnston  to  march  out 
from  his 
intrenchments  and  attack  the 
Federals  on 
th e  Richmond  side  of  the 
nver.  General  James  Longstreet  led  the 

more  furiously,  and  continued  until 
tlw 
early evening,  whl'n  a  hay~>tH;t  clwrgc .lir 
the  Federals  brol·e  the 
onf •tkrate  l1rn· 
and  stopped  the:  fig-hting  for  the  night. 
The  next  morning  (j une  rst)  the  c.onU.:sl 
lastc:<l  several  ho~1rs, 
was  renew<·d,  and 
when  the  Conf<.:ckratr·<;  withdrew  to  I< 1c:h(cid:173)
mond.  The losses  on  each  sid<.:  amounted 
to  about  7,000.  Among"  th  ·  '•011nrlt~d 
were General Johnston  of the Conf cdcratcs 
and  General  0.  0.  I Inward  of  the  Union 
side.  The latter lost his  right arm. 

CllAPTER  XI. 

SruAu'l''s  HArn- HAT'fr,r;  oP  l\f P.CHASH'SVrr,r,l': 

fr~ru:r;<::,P. 

J\lcCr,J:r,r,As  8Lr-:Kfl  A  J.  EW  Jo(cid:173)

A'l'  GArNEs's  Mlf,r, -
Hl'L'ION-UONPr,1er  AT  HAVAni·:'H  8-rATros  BArrr,1:  ov 
Gr.ENJ>Af,g -1\IAr,vJmN  Hrr,r, -
f:ir-:<'OSJ1  BA·1 rr.i:  •Jf 
13uLr,  ltuN. 
AvTER  the  battle  of Fair  Oaks the Army 
of  the  Potomac  lay  quietly  in  its  position 

THE  INVASION  OF  MARYLAND-CITIZENS  OF  BALTIMORE  BARRICADING  THE  STREETS,  MONDAY  EVENING,  JUNE  29TH,  1  63. 

into  South  Carolina 

the Confederate Government  at Richmond, 
and  preparations  were  made  for  a  hasty 
flight 
if  necessary. 
They  even  covered  the 
railroad  bridge 
leading out of  the  city  with  plank,  so  as to 
facilitate  the  flight of  artillery,  and  held  a 
train  of  cars  in  constant  readiness  for  Da(cid:173)
\·is  and  his  Cabinet.  These  preparations 
callf_;d  forth  from  the Virginia  Legislat_ure 
n.:~olutions demanding the defense  of  R1ch(cid:173)
~1ond at all  hazards, and assuring the Pres-
1d1;nt  "that whatever destruction or loss  of 
propr·rtv  of  the  State  or  individual  shall 
thcn;by'  result  will  be  cheerfully  subrnit(cid:173)
t<:d  to." 

r n 

lay  23d  portions  of  the contending 
armir:s  came  together  at  • · ew  Bridge  and 
had a  sharp  battle,  and  on  the  24th  they 
fought  at  . lechanicsville.  There the  Con(cid:173)
fr·dcrat<..-s  vcre  drin·n  l.Jack  an<l  the  Fed-

Confederate  advance,  and  fell  suddenly 
and  viaorously upon  General  Silas  Casey, 
who  h~ld  a  position  on  both  sides  of  the 
Williamsburg  Road,  half  a  mile  beyond 
Seven  Pines.  Casey  made  a  brave stand, 
but he was  soon  driven  back with  one-third 
of  his  command  disabled.  Troops  were 
at  once  sent to  his  aid  by  Keyes,  but  the 
opposing  forces  were  so  strong,  the whole 
body gave way  and  retreated  to  Fair Oaks 
Station,  on  the  Richmond  and  York  Rail(cid:173)
road.  Here re-enforcements were received 
from  Heintzelman  and  Kearny,  but  as  the 
Confederates  also  gained fresh  troops  the 
Federals were  as  badly off  as  ever,  and  it 
looked  like  a  victory  for  the  former. 
Just 
then  General  Sumner,  seeing  the  peril  of 
his  friends,  hurried  to  the  scene  of  action 
with  the  divisions  of  Generals  Sedgwick 
an<l  Richardson.  The  battle  then  raged 

on  the  borders  of  the  Chickahominy  for 
nearly  a  month.  The decisive  move  upon 
Richmor~d was  put  o~ from  day  to  <lay. 
Meanwhile  General  kobert  E.  Lee,  who 
succeeded  the  wounded  Johnston  in  the 
cornm~n~  of  the  Confederate  troops,  had 
been  JO med  by  Jackson  and  Ewell  from 
the Shenandoah Valley, and with this added 
stre~gth he  prepared  to  attempt  the  dis(cid:173)
persion  of 
these 
preparations were  being  made  a  body  of 
r,,500  cavalrymen  under  General  J.  E.  B. 
Stuart started out on  a  daring  raid.  They 
rode  all  around  l\lcClellan's  army,  seized 
and  burned  14  wagons  and  2  schooners 
laden  with  forage  on  the  l'amunkey  RiYer, 
and  captured  and  carried  away  165  pris· 
oners and  260  mules  and  horses.  Stuart's 
raid  set an  c·xample  for  many  other simil<ti 
l:xploits  by  both  parties during  th(;  w;.ir. 

the  Federals.  While 

OF  rff /:,  Cb J,1,, 

OTI  U'  fl,. 

!lsro1n' 

ning  nf  Jul1 

n  a  iuarch  w 

,  28  h  h e; 
T ur-
o-
In  th ,  l~r 

470 

F ., 
'd AN f(  J .. RSLf E'S 

1·> .. r.rrsTRA TE!J  J: 
'-'-

. 

c;,.ner:i.l  Lr.:e  com pkt (!d  Ii is  pr<:parations 
>y  J t1n<;  :z(>tli, 
1 
l 81)2,  wh(:n  h(;  ~cnl  Stone(cid:173)
wall  J ;~c; ksrJn with  a  large  force:  from  l l an(cid:173)
ovc;r  Cc_n1rlho11se  lr>  t11rn  the  right  wing of 
th<:  Un101.1  army a11d  fall  upon  their  IJrtsc.: 
of  supplies  at  thc.:  "\Vliitc;  I louse,"  so 
rrnmc:cl  lwc;u1sc.:  of its  beinir  the  site  of  the.: 
old  "'vVhitc  I rouse"  in  which  ·Washington 
p;iss<.!cl  th<.!  first  months  of his  married  life. 
Another  and  heavier force,  under  General 
Longstreet and  othc.:rs,  crossc<l  the  Chicka(cid:173)
hominy  near  Mechanicsville  about 
the 
s~me t'.me,_  and  1:iade  an  att<~ck upon  Mc(cid:173)
Clella~.s  !·1ght  w1J1g,  commanded  by  Gen(cid:173)
~:aJ  1, tlZJOhn  Porter,  at  Ellison's  Mill. 
1 he  battle was  a  severe  one  and  resulted 
in  the  defeat  of  the  Confed~rates with  a 
loss  of  more  than  3,000 men.  Porter lost 
about 400. 

Had  this  victory  been  immediately fol(cid:173)

lowed  up  by  a  movement  on  Richmond 
that  city  might  then  have  been  taken  by 
the  Federals;  but  McClellan  feared  that 
his  army and  stores were  in  peril,  and  so 
pr_epared.  to  transfer  both  to  the  James 
Rtver.  This  movement  was  begun  on 

Early on  the  mor 

• 

" 

J 

• 

< 

-

-

· (-

, 

[ 

, 

I 

·  · 

R' 

.. -

es  r 

l Ie  t  en 

' 
f  '  ((){I 
st(Jr"c, ,till 
h .  d of  lJe<:  c 
·k  cl  unll 

F('ckral  army &tarted  0  R 'ver 
k"Y  Hc-nd  of  the  J am<;S 
,·..,·1gon s.  laud n 
,_, 
a 
I 
cession  was  a  train  <J 
]  ba~rr.agc. an 
:'!•, 
11'ra 
·  I'> 
with  a111111u111t1on, 
.. 
(  attk. 
,c1 
t  su 
drove o  2,500  ca 
this  111 ovt~ 111e!l  · 
·1  t11,.  armv wa 
J e,.  clid  JHJt  learn  of 
• a  ne\V  pos1t1on  on 
skillfully  was  it  mas  e 
1
far  on  its  way  towarc  h 
determin1:d  to 
t'r 
the James  d1vcler.t  O}. 
if  possible,  the  re  '  -
overtake an 
' 
ing army. 
cl .  .  . 
1v1s1ons  o 

f  SedrrW!C  ' 
the 
I Ieintzelman  and  Smit 1'  . 
wick  was  attacked  by: f0
just rcac  e 

·d  was  co1npos<::d  of 
McClellan s  rear ~uat  .  k.  Richardson, 
l 
J 
.t.1  and  these  1ac 
ed<r-
0 
federate  force 
;  been  sent  out 
~a  f  Jlowcd  ~la­
under  Magruder,  whic 
In  the  battle  t 1at  o  1  Burns's 
by  Lee. 
gru  er  was  repu  sc 
f  Brooke and 
brigade,  supported  by those do  1  f  11  back 
I Iancock.  At  night  the Fe_  eras  e 
2  00 
~l~l 
to  'Nhitc  Oak Swamp, leaving ab?ut 
1e 
's  Station 
· 
of  their woun  ec  at  avage 
ue  next 
1 
entire  army  passed  t  e  swamp 
znorning. 

, 
's  Station  w 

1  d  by  Genera 

h  d  S 

avage 

lien 

S 

d 

d 

h 

l 

· 

. 

THE  WAR  IN  VIRGINIA-RAILROAD  BRIDGE  OVER  THE  RAPPAHANNOCK, 

.AT  BAPP.AHA.x_·ocK  l-5TATIO.·. 

the  White 

June  27th.  The  stores  at 
House were  to  be  removed  under  the  pro(cid:173)
tection  of  Porter's corps, which was  also  or(cid:173)
dered  to  attend  to  carrying away  the  siege 
guns  and  coverincr  the  army  in  its  march 
for  the James  Riv~r.  When  for  this  p~r­
pose  the troops were  arranged  on  the  ns(cid:173)
mg  ground near Gaines's  Mill,  on  the  arc 
of  a  circle  between  Cold  Harbor  and  the 
Chickahominy,  they  were  attacked  by  a 
large  force  under Generals  Longstreet and 
Hill.  A  severe  conflict  took  place.  Por(cid:173)
ter  was  soon  so  hard  pressed,  he  had  to 
send  to  l\IcClellan,  who  was  on  the  oppo(cid:173)
site  side  of  the  river,  for  help.  Slocum's 
division, of Franklin's corp~, was  s~nt over, 
but was  soon  found  to  be  insufficient,  and 
the  brigades  of  French.  and  Meagher 
were  hurried  across  the  nver.  T,hey  ar-
.  1 ·  ·t  1• 11  time  to  rally  Porters  shat-
.  b  k 
n,·ec  JUS 
ac 
\\,htch was  fast  a  mg 
I  1111 
1 
1 
' 
• 
tcrc<  co  u1 
. I  _  1'hc  Confederates were  t 1en 
.  1. 
.  b 
I 
f 
(!SO!<. Cl. 
111 
att c  o 
[  ·o 11  tl1c  field  At  this 
i 
c1nven 
b 
1  1 
lost  a ~out 
( .  . 
11  al 
,,a1nt:s s 
I  tJ1e  Confe<. erates  5,000. 
1 
, 
8 ooo  am 
· l 
·  1 
'·ahl  Porter  withdrew  lo  the  ng1t  s1c.e 
~fl"> the  Chic! .dwminy,  and  dcstroyetl  the 
hridges  behinJ  him. 

. _,.  1\l ill  ~he  Federals 

• 
1 

f  11· 

. 

. 

• 

• 

c 

0 

b 

c 

· 

~ 

· 

. 

) 

· 

l. 

b  "d 

n  ~e  1n  \Vhite  Oak 

· 
n1~ht,  when 

':'as a  sangutnary battle,  and 

h 
me  morn mg  t  e 
k  db 

1~ 
~ ederal  t · 
y  a  column  of  Confed 

\i\Thile  General  Franklin,  with  a  rear 
guard,  was  protectincr  the  J)assacre  of  tl 
1e 
. 
<,..., 
. 
ma111 
,,~a 
mp  anc 
1 
covering  the  withdrawal  of  tl1e 
· 
wac)·on 
trams  fr~m  th:tt  point,  on  June  3uth, the 
C_onf~det ate pursuers came up and enrraoed 
hun  m  a  se:1cre  contest,  lastino- nea~l ;=-all 
day.  F ranklm  manao-ed  to  keep0  tl 
·1 
1e  enem,(cid:173)
b 
the  Federal  d~-
ac"  un_t1 
stroyed  the bndge and withdr  w  O 
b 
n  t  e 
Sa 
roops were  at 
tac  e 
.  -
Longstreet  and  Hill  at  Gle  derlates  under 
n  a  e  near b'· 
It 
!  . 
f reslu  ted  in 
a  victory for  the Federals aft 
under  Hooker  Meagl1e1· 
elr  Tres 1  troops 
1  d 
a)·l 
1  or  1a 
arnved. 
who  led  the  Pennsylvania  t  enera 
l\Ic  all. 
ured,  and General  l\Ieade r;o~~s, wa  capt(cid:173)
wound.  The next  da ,  J ·d ,cen ed a  e\·er, 
Army of the  Potomac) 1(·  d)  I~t)  the whole 
.  l  a  strong 
postlton  on  l\Ialvcrn  Hill 
of  Federal  gunboats  on  ti1~ il1111  th~ _r ' ,l 'h 
IcClcllan  tl1at  t!ay  ,,  '~t \ 
this  positi  n, 
On  the  O"lJnboat  c·  ;.· . n 
l  l)';'ll  th "  riYl:r 
l 
a "a  to 
I 
~ 
1~1l 
plac '. 
another 
\\"hilc  )p  '''". ·  . 
attac  eel  on  l\Iah·ern  n ·11 
u!:i  ~ 111'  h  '  • 
k 
. ~s  .1rm~  wa.· 
I he  \...  nfc.:d-

Tot  beincr  satisfied  \ .·  l  . <lL:1cs  l  t\  "" r. 

1a  o·a1n 
~-· 1 

In  the  conflict  G 

, .  l 

anc 

.  . 

• 

• 

"' 

l 

· 

• 

t 

FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

471 

pahannock,  they took a  circuitous route  to 
flank  the  Federals. 
Jackson,  leadi1w  this 
flanking  force,  crossed  the river on  !\.~(Yust 
.::5th.  He  quickly  marched  over  the Bull 
Run. l\ fountain at Thoroughfare Gap, and at 
daylight  the  next morning he  reached  Ma(cid:173)
nassas Junction.  Thcr~ he  was soon  joined 
by  Longstreet  and  l11s 
troops.  General 
Pope,  with  his whole  Army of  Vircrinia  ex(cid:173)
cepting  Banks's  division,  then  ga:e  battle 
to  the  combined  Confederates  at  Grove(cid:173)
the  Bull  Run  battle 
ton,  not  far  from 
ground,  on  August  29th.  After  a  loss  of 
about  7,000  men  on  each  side  the  contest 
ended  without  any  decisive  result.  Pope 
prepared 
the  next 
morning,  expecting  help  from  McClellan, 
who  had,  on  orders  from  General  Halleck, 
brou.ght his  Army of  the  Potomac  to  Alex(cid:173)
andria.  But  McClellan  refused  support, 

to  renew  the  battle 

cations around  Washington.  Pope,  on  his 
own  request,  was  now  sent West,  and  the 
Army  of  Virginia  became  a  part  of  the 
Army of the Potomac, with McClellan at.the 
head of all the troops defending the  capital. 
Another call  for  volunteers  to  serve dur(cid:173)

ina  the war was  made  by  the  President in 
July,  r 862  ;  and  the  next  month  he  called 
for  300,000 more to  serve for  three months, 
adding  that  an  equal  number  would  be 
drafted from the  citizens who were between 
eighteen  and  forty-five  ye;:irs  of  age  if  they 
did  not  appear  among the volunteers.  A 
hearty  response  was  given  to  these  call:. 
The  Confederate  Government  saw that it 
must  do  something  at  once  or  its  cause 
would  be lost, so  General  Lee was  ordered 
to  make  a  strona  effort  without  delay  to 
capture  vVashington  before  the  new  army 
should be  brought into the field. 

I:> 

. 

; 

. 

JY 

cl  l 

.  ordered  to  be  haulccl 
fl 
e .,  rv 
U n10n 
ags  were 
·v  ;  J  -
This  order  was  olic.:ye 
down. 
t  ,  >atriotic  old  woman  named 
one  excely~  _clt  !111"· 
'Lnd  the  national  <:nsign 
p  bara  · nc.:  c  "•  ' 
J<t~  fl'>;ing  from  her  window  whr·n f.  Jtnn(;(cid:173)
. 1  h 
was 
,ec s 
I .  ·d  his 
wall  Jackson,  wit 1  t  c  a<  '" 
h  1 
Jackson  <1rc  ere 
ff  As  the 
army,  approac  u  · 
' 
h  Ot  awav t  e  sta  . 
riflemen  to  s  0 
ancl 
/ 
· 
the  woman  snat~~e<l  it  upl  k 
fla 
wa~ed it  defiantly.  Admmn7  .hc~r  P uc s' 
bler  nature.:  as  \\ h1tt1cr  say  , 
J ac  sons  no 

l "tnce  0 

fell 

S 

k 

h. 

. 

, 

-

' 

-"within  him  stirred 

To  life  at  that woman's  deed  and  hwc,rdd: 
h  ·  of  yon  <fray  ea 
atr 
• \Vho  touc  es  a 
·d" 
Dies  like  a  dog !  March  on .  he  sa1  . 

t: 

h 

U  on  Lee's  evacuation  of  Frederick the 
Fed~rals followed him  in  two colltns ?~~~ 
the South  Mountain  into  the va  ey o 

'IRE  WAR  TI\  TIRGThLA.-GE~'"ERAL  HOOKER'S  AR:UY 

i\f.ARCHTIG  PAST  ~A.SSAS, YA...,  JUXE,  1  63. 

and  Pope had  to go  it  alone.  The  Confed(cid:173)
erates skillfully  drew the latter  into  an  am(cid:173)
ouscade  on  a  part  of  the  former  battle 
around  of Bull  Run,  not  far  from  Grove(cid:173)
ron,  and a  mo  t  sanguinary conflict \YaS  the 
re  ult.  The  Federals were  badly  defeated 
and were  sent  fh·incr  across  Bull  Run  to 
Centre\·ille.  whe~e ~hey  were  re-enforced 
bv  the troops  of  Franklin  and  umner. 
·There the · made  a  stand.  and  Lee.  not 

daring  to  attack  thew.  sent ] ackson  on an(cid:173)
other  flank  movement.  The  latter  came 
upon  the  Federals,  under  General  Birney, 
at Chantillv,  north  of  Fairfax  Courthouse, 
and  a  battle  was  f 0twht  in  a  cold  and 
It  w~ a  -e\·ere  conflicL 
drenchinu  rain. 
and  in  ~  ,-eneral ·  Philip  h.earny  and 
Isaac  1.  ~tevens  ;i,·ere  killed.  When  the 
night  fell  he  Fed ·ral:,  -till  hdd the  field. 
but  th ·v 
\'ere  broken  and  ciemoraliz.  d, 
nd soon  fled  to  the  h  lter  of  the  iortifi-

Lee  at  once  formed  his  plan  of  opera(cid:173)

tions.  He  crossed  the  Potomac  near  the 
Point  of  Rocks  into  ~Iaryland with  almost 
his  entire  army,  and  encamped  at  Fred(cid:173)
erick,  on  the  Monocacy,  September  7th. 
His  plan  was  to  take  possession  of  Har(cid:173)
per's  Ferry.  so  as  to  open  communication 
with  Richmond  bv way  of  the  henandoah 
\'alley.  then  ma;ch  t;ward  Pennsylvania, 
entice  McClellan  to  pursue him,  then  turn 
suddenly.  defeat  the  Federals,  and  march 
upon  \Vashington. 

Learning of Lee's  invasion  of  i\Iaryland, 
~IcClellan  at  once  set  out  to  dri\·e  him 
back.  Leaving  General  Banks \\'ith some 
troops  to def end the capital.  he:  crossed the 
Poromac  above  \\'ashinirton  with  about 
90.000 .. men,. anJ  a<lvan~ed  cautiou  ly  to(cid:173)
ward  I· n:denck.  Lee  did  not wait  to  be 
attacked,  but A ·d at his  enemy's approach. 
\\'hen  Lee's  army entered  Frederick  aH 

t'11.... 

Antietam  Creek.  The  ~i,-!'ht  and  centre 
moved  by way  of  Turner's  Gap.  Burnside 
leading  the  advance;  and  the  left,  com(cid:173)
b\·  way  of 
posed  of  Franklin's  coq...; 
....  n;e 
rang-e, 
Crampton's  Gap.  on 
nearer  1 larper's  Ferry. 
\\'hen  Burn::-.ide 
reached  Turner's  Gap  he  found  a  large 
Conf e<lerate force awaiting- him,  and a  de·(cid:173)
perate  battle  ensued  on  September  14th. 
It cont\nuecl  until  dark,  wh"n  the  -onfed(cid:173)
erates \\·ithdrew  to join  Lee'.  cone  ntrat  d 
forces  at  Antietam 
harp  _ 
Hun~:side  l<:::-t  about  1, -oo  men, 
burg. 
amonrr the killed bern,.,.  the gallant  -· eneral 
Reno.  Franklin, meantime, had to fi  rht hi 
way at  Crarnpton'::i  Gap into  Plea  ant \al(cid:173)
in  doing  so,  and  on 
ley. 
t~~  cyenm~ of .. ep~en~b  r  q.th wa  vithin 
s1~ nule  ot  Harper  1·  rry, wh ·r 
"olon  I 
in  command  of 
• _I Iles,  a  • laryland  r,  va 
I· cderal  troops. 
in  grea 

'l his  plac  va. 

l le.  uccee~l  d 

reek,  near 

I 

lit 
'"F 
ll  ru  n  th 
lo 
I 
'  " 
"'  Pl• 
.J 
I  > n 
m'  t  ~tr  ant.1  um  t~  of  th<  me.nun 
'"I ' 
I 

l  c nft  ,  r ll 

'u ;·ml}  .tt<  llpte<l  to  furu·  th<' 

OF  LEE'H  NH ill l 
k 
•  •  ""'  ' 

11"•'d" " ""'""'"'  I >'  ·  · ' "  '"  "" """"' " 1 "'"'"'""" · 

'"''  '"  I 
sl  <ll\ls1<Ht  pn11n·d  in  .1  \oil••\'  "hi1h  1w'1"'.

S!ilUEl'S  J!JlJOlllf•:, 
I • "'·lgl'  uf  th<  lhid;.ihominy antl  ,idll·I  ) 
II 
rL 
I' "'" 
I  ''"  d"k,,,. 
".  1 pul..,, 
0 
1
I  11 ' 
,: -t7a 

rn\'t'  thun  h.1<:k  "ith  t•·rrihk  las,. 

~ ..  Jrll 

' 
' 

t.1rnc<l  M11 11 .. 

r  ,iJ( 

I 

I 

' 

IHtH  - HWM 

ttn, 

l'Ol\l'H,  llRJD\\,  ,JUNE 

~ .of  Lu.!s  wurks 
"·"  "' 
I 
t'  likt:  a  11.t-.h  <ll  lightning. 
th,~ 

'  ' 

1  lull  cnsll<'tl,  an<l  night "'1' 
')  II · 

'"'""""·  """)  ""'"  "'  '"  !""' 

\ "11"~  after  i·o  t~ .  sl·g 
1
onf<'d .. 1-.Hc-.  do'l'd  tht:  blomly  1rnrk  ,,f  th<  < •
) 

I 

ut' en)  "hen  n .. arh  et,., lit  C' clo  ';.., 
11

11 
'  d• "'" do'"""  '" '"'  "'"«<" 
1
""  .,J '"'"""  '  J  <ho  ""  f 

,l  ct>llllng  on  1~1  a  u111vcrs.1 
f,1
But 
'""  '"""'"'"'  " 
'  "'""  "'"  '""" P'""  ""  '""  "" "'""  "' 

s~t  1\6'.  . 

iihidi  unj;  the  tiercc't  action  of  the"  r 

'll 

I 

"

· 

Jh "  ""'  ""'  '""" '" ""'"  Q, " ' 

FRAN!<'  lJiS!JE'S  ILLUSTRATED  Jf/STOR Y  OF 1JI8  CIVIL  lVAR. 

dan~er <>f  captur  I 
thc;y  h('Jd  c.; • ron  . ·  Jy _tl:ic  Conf ederalcs,  as 
and  I ,ouclou~n  I lg.  posilions  on 
l\laryland 
<k·1J~hts,  on  each  side  of  the 
Potom le 
· 
ran 
' 
· 
st;trl<.:cl  to  l\I'J  . . · . 
otc  1mme  tately 
i_ cs s  a1cl;  but  bdorc reaching 
.  I· 
him  ti 
I 
. i. 
,lllc·t  sn rrenderccl  lo  Jackson  thus 
t  <!privrng 
tlH!Y  might  have  easily  had.  ar.  a  vantage 

lh1.;  Federals  of 

111  thcr ·f 
. 

<l' 

1: 

cl 

. 

' 

:'ikCLP.LlJA'{'f>  HESITATll)N - BATr 

CHAPTER  XII. 
A 

.  p 

Ch;:-.i:R,\f,  BPR'-;SlD ' 
,  E 

LE  ~F  NTIBTAM  CREEK 
AH\lY  01· 
l\Ll.DE  CO;}I.MANDEH  OP  THE 
B  . . 
.  Tim,  OTmL\C  - A  BRAVE  DRUMMEu  BoY-
s,:~~':E  OFB  XREDEHICKsnt11w  - GmrnHAL  Hoo1rim 
' 
'  u<  < !::EDS 
E  UERHILLAS-l3A.T'rLES  01'' 
l\Ir,"'.Fonovu, 

UR:s"i>fDE  Tu  G 
LE, 

• 'p . . -

EHHYVILLE,  IUKA  AND  ComNTII. 

. 

O~CE  again.  l\lcClellan's  chronic  hesi(cid:173)
tancy  asserted  itself  at  a  critical  time  and 
proved  unfortunate 
the  Federals. 

for 

At  dawn  the  next  morning (September 

l looker  opened  the  battle  of  ;\n(cid:173)

I_7th) 
l1etam  by  an  attack,  with  alJout  18,000 
men,  on  the  Confederate  left  under  Jack(cid:173)
son.  Doubleday  was  on  Hooker's  right, 
l\Icaclc  on  his  left and  Ricketts  in  the  cen(cid:173)
tre.  Until  late  in  the  afternoon  the  con(cid:173)
test raged with  varying fortunes. 
1\IcCle1-
lan watched  the  progress  of the  battle from 
the  opposite  side  of  the  Antietam.  Gen(cid:173)
eral  Burnside,  with  the  left  winrr  of  the 
_F ede:als,  especially  distinguished  himself 
~n  this  battle,  holding  in  check  and  fight-
111g.  the  enemy's  right  under  Longstreet, 
until  the  latter was  re-enforced  by  General 
A.  P.  Hill's  division  from  Harper's  Ferry. 
The  desperate  struggle  lasted  all  day,  and 
ended  only  because  of  darkness.  Both 
armies  suffered  great  losses,  that  of  the 

. 

calle<l  for  re-cnforc ·ments  an_d_  supp i<-c;  to 
enable  him  to  pursue tLe fug1tl\ 
I h<~n 
instead  of  ordc:rin~  a  5\\ if t  pursuit,  he  an: 
nounce<l his  intention  of  holding hi 
troops 
there so  as  to  be  auk:  LO  "attack  the 
·n(cid:173)
Clll y should  he attempt  t()  cross  into  . fan·(cid:173)
land."  Such  an  astounding- declaration  \~ 
almost  too  much  for  Presidt-nt  Lincoln 
and he hastened  to  l\IcCl<:llan's  headquar: 
ters  in  person  to  see  what 1t  meant.  Beina 
satisfied  that the  army was  in  condition  t~ 
make  a  successful  pursuit,  he  order ·d 
:\IcClellan  to  start at  once.  But that gen(cid:173)
eral  wasted  another  twenty  days in  rai.sinu 
objections  to  the  carrying  out  of  his  0~ 
ders,  so  that  when  he  did  deign  to  obev 
them  Lee's army was  thoroughly recruited. 
McClellan  had  not  adYanced  very  far 
before  he  decided  to  disregard  the  instruc. 

THE  SillGE  OF  CHARLESTON-ENGINEER  DEPOT,  MORRIS  ISLAND,  S.  C. 

1 
))' 

\Vhen  he  followed  the  Confed~rates from 
South  Mountain  he  did  so  cautiously,  pro(cid:173)
fessing  to  believe  them to have  over.whelm(cid:173)
ing  numbers,  although  actually _Lees  army 
then  numbered  only 60,000,  while  McC!el(cid:173)
ldn  had  87,000.  Then,  when  the  Co~1fed­
erates  posted  themselves  on  the  h_e1ghts 
near  Sharpsburg,  on  the .western  side  of 
Antietam  Creek,  he  hesitated  to  attack 
them  until  he  was  placed  on  the  defen-
. 
a  cl1arp  artillery  assault.  Then 
"h 
h ......  ·nt  If ooker  across  the  A nt1etam  wit 
SIV" 
e  se 
mmanded  by  Gen-
e.  part  of  his  corps,  ~o 
Doubleday· 
l\Ieade  and{]"  t  with  th~ 
erals  Ricketts, 
and  they .ha~ :C  ~l~:T:.o~~~d~~ates  under 
c;<trcmc  r~gh d 
Federals  were  su~-
Ceneral  boo  · 
their 
ccssful,  a_?d  at .11 !g:ht  the~  1Vj'ill~~~~  and 
anns 
r 
ps  passe  ove 
< 
Greene  of  Mans ie 
ped 
s  cor 
- an  encam 
d  k 
under cov('r  of  the  ar  ncss 
a mile  in  J {()oker's  rear. 

1 he  d1v1s1ons  o 

fi  Id' 

,  d 

1e 

rI'l 

~ 
. 

d 

' 

•  • 

. 

Federals  being  r 2,470,  and  the  Confed(cid:173)
erates lost even  a  greater  number.  Lee's 
army, shattered  and disorganized,  retreated 
during  the  night.  Had  McClellan  started 
a  vigorous  pursuit  at  once  he  might  have 
made  the whole  Confederate  force  prison(cid:173)
ers  of war.  But with  his  usual  hesitation 
and  indecision  he  ref used  to  order a  chase 
until  thirty-six  hours  after  the  battle.  As 
an  excuse for  this  action  he  said  in  his  re(cid:173)
port:  "Virginia was  lost,  Washington  was 
menaced,  Maryland invaded-the  National 
cause  could  afford  no  risks  of  defeat." 

McClellan  advanced  on  September  Il,ich 
only  to  find  Lee  and  his  shattered  army 
safe  behind  strong  batteries  on  the  Vir(cid:173)
ainia side  of the Potomac.  He made a weak 
~ttempt at pursuit  by sending  two  brigades 
across  the  river,  but when  they were driven 
back  into  Maryland  and  Lee  had  started 
up  the  Shenandoah  Valley  l\~cClcllan  en(cid:173)
camped at abandoned  Harpers  Ferry and 

instead  prepared 

tions given  him  to  o-o  up  the  Shenandoah 
Valley,  and 
to  moYe 
southward  on 
the  cast  .side  of  the  Blue 
Ridge.  This was  the  last straw  that broke 
the  back  of  the  patience  of  the  goyern(cid:173)
ment.  He was  promptly relieved  from  the 
command  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 
and  General  Ambrose  E.  Burn  ide.  of 
Rhode  Island,  was  appointed  in  his  place, 
November  5th. 

Burnside  immediately  reorganized  the 
Army of  the  Potomac, which  at  this  time 
contained  about  1 ~o.ooo men.  He decided 
to  bring- about  the capture  of Richmond  as 
early  as  possibl ',  rather than  attempt  the 
destruction of  the Con federate  army.  l\Iak(cid:173)
ing Aquia Creek, on  the  Potomac,  his  b:i~e 
of  supplies,  he  took  measures  to  place l11s 
army  at  or  near  Fredericksburn-,  on 
the 
Rappahannock.  Lee  was  at  thG  time on 
the  heights  Ill  the  rear of  Fretkrich.sburg. 
with about  'o,ooo  men  and  3t10  c:wnon.  Stl 

FRANK  LESL 

. 

/ES  ILLUSTRATED  Hf.STORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

47S 

L 

E 

.  l 

reclc 1ed 

011  pontoons 

that  when  Burnshlc's  ariny 
P appahannock  durinrr  the  . 
the 
I  ec -mbcr  tlw  two  ~l>ponc~~c~nd :veek  in 
le.I  Jin  ·s  within  cannon  shot  ~fay \11  paral(cid:173)
w1th  a  narrow  riv •r  bctw"'"i  ti  eac 1  other, 

'-'- 1  1e1n. 
I  d 
'  1a  destroyed all  of  the  1  . 
spanned  the  river  in  tl1..,t  .. :ridges that 
"  v1c1111ty  so  ti 
h 
t  ere  was  no  way  for  Burns1'cle' 
1at 
t'· 
s  ioops  to 
. 
. 
cross  except 
· 
b  'drr  -
oatrng 
or 
n 
l 
,.,es. 
ngineers  were  put  t 
o  wor<  on 
D 
b 
h 
f  h 
ecem  er  r It 
1ve  o 
t  ese 
b 
ut  t 1e  men  were  driven  awa  b 
, 
I 
~  y  ls 1arp-
shooters  concealed  in  bt1 '1lcl' 
ings  on  t 1e  op-
po.si te  s 1ore.  Efforts were  made  to  uell 
this  annoyance  by  opening  a  heavyq fire 
upon  the  t<?wn  from  batteries  placed  on 
~tafford Heights, but although  many  build(cid:173)
ings  were  set  on  fire  by  the  shells 
the 
sharpshooters  held  their  place.  Then  a 
party  of  volunteers  crossed  the  river  in 

to  construct  fi 

I 

. 

l 

fl 

~early  fi_ve  miles  long- and  crownecl  with 
elcl  artillery.  After  a  sanguinary  battle 
~hat  l~sted  until  night  Burnsides  forces, 
l~cludmg the  troops  of  Generals  Franklin, 
Couch,  Meade,  Stunner,  I looker,  l Iowarcl, 
II umphreys,  Doubleday,  Wilcox,  French, 
I ~ailcock, Sturgis and  Getty were  repu lsecl 
w1 th  a  loss  of more  than  1 o,ooo.  The  Con(cid:173)
federates  lost  about 4,000.  On  thc  night 
of t_he 
I 5th,  under  cover  of  darkness,  the 
U 111011  army crossed  the  river. 

Because  of dissatisfaction  at  this  defeat, 
although  not  the  leader's  fault  General 
Burnside,  at  his  own  request,  w~s relieved 
of  the  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto(cid:173)
mac,  January  26th,  1863 1  and  General  Jo(cid:173)
seph  Hooker,  "  Fighting  Joe,"  took  his 
place.  The  army  was  then  reorganized, 
and many changes  and  dismissals of officers 
were made  to secure obedience an<l compe-

was  moving  in  the  same  direction,  011  a 
parallel  line,  to  foil  them. 

Part  of  Bragg-'s  army,  under.  Gen_;n.1 
E.  Kirby  Smith,  mauaged  to  get  into  Ken(cid:173)
tucky from  East Tenncssee, and, aft<·r  rout(cid:173)
tng  a  Fcdc:ral  force  under  G(;neral  M.  D. 
Manson,  near  Richmond,  August  30th, 
pushed  on  rapidly th_roug~ the  S~ate in  t~e: 
direction  of  the  Ohio  River,  with  the  m(cid:173)
tention  of  capturing  and  plundering  Cin(cid:173)
cinnati.  But Smith's  onward course  came 
to  a  sudden.  stop  when  he  reached  the 
southcrn sic.le  of the  river.  There he found 
impassable  fortifications  and  a  large  Union 
force  under  General  Lewis  \Vallace,  who 
had  proclaimed  martial  law  in  ~incinnati, 
Covington  and  Newport.  Sm 1th  ~urned 
back,  and  seizing  Frankfort,  the  ~ap1tal  of 
the  State,  remained there  to  await  the  ar(cid:173)
rival  of  Bragg. 

---~-

====-(cid:173)

--:- ~~ - -=  - ·-

THE  SIEGE  OF  CHARLEST0N-ORDNANOE  DEPOT,  MORRIS  ISLAND,  S.  C. 

open  boats in  the  midst  of a  te~rific hail  of 
hullets,  landed  on  the  other  side,  and  ef(cid:173)
f ectu ally  dis! odged  the  sharpshoote:s .. 

\Vhen 

the  party  started  a  M1ch1~an 
drummer  boy  named  I Iendershot,  having 
been  refused  permission  to  go  al.ong,  qui(cid:173)
etly slipped  into  the water,  and clmgrng to 
the stern  of one  of the boats, was  conveyed 
to  the  opposite  shore.  Although  he  sa~ 
several  men  in  the  boat shot cl?wn  and h/t 
drum  broken  to  pieces  by a  piece i°f she  ' 
p  t11e  m11s-
he  was  undaunted. 
k  ·t  of  one  of  the  fallen  soldiers,  he  fought 
l 
,,~dlantly with  the  rest. 
6  The sharpshooters having been :I1sperscr 
the  pontoons  were  linishcd,  ann  on  tre 
v •ning ()f  the  r 2th  th(;  greater part of  ~ l~ 
J•  deral  army  crossed  over  anc_l  occuptc( 
I· r  cl  •ricksburg.  The next  morning the b~t­
lc  b  gan  with  a  series  of assaults  by .t  e 
•cd  r.d  u1  m  the enemy's in trenched line, 

P.  k' 
ic  rng  u 

. 

tency,  An  important change was  the  con(cid:173)
solidation  of the  cavalry force,  which  then 
It  was  also  increased 
numbered  r2,ooo. 
and  drilled,  and was  soon  in  a  condition  of 
greater  efficiency  than  it  h;:1d  ever  been 
before. 

After  the  Confcclerale  armies  had  been 
driven  out  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee, 
and  the  Union  forces  withdrawn,  several 
bands  of  daring  guerrillas  sprang  up  in 
those  States,  and  hovered  upon  the  rear 
and  flanks  of  the  Federal army,  or  roamed 
at will  all  over  the  country,  plundering the 
Union  inhabitants,  One  of  these  hands, 
led hy John  Morgan,  a  native  of  Alabama, 
raided  through  Kentucky a11cl  prepared  the 
way  for  the  advance  of  a1~  invading army 
from  Chattanooga under  General  Bnvton 
Bragg.  This  army  made  its  way  toward 
Kentucky  by  a  route  eastward  of  Nash(cid:173)
ville  at  the  same  time  that  General  Buell 

Bragg  entered  Kentucky  by  crossina 
the  Cumberland  River,  September  5th~ 
General  J.  R.  Chalmers,  with  8.ooo  men, 
was  leading the way when,  upon hi, arrival 
at  l\Iunforclville,  on  the  line  of  the  Nash(cid:173)
ville  and  Louisville  Railroad,  he  encoun(cid:173)
tered  a  Union  force  und ·r  Colonel  T.  J. 
\Vilclcr.  The  next  morning·  (September 
15th)  the  two  forces  clashed,  and  in  a  bat(cid:173)
tle  of  five  hours' duration  the  'onfcderates 
were  defeated. 
tory did  not  last  long,  for  two  days  after 
another  and.  stronger  enemy app  ared  un(cid:173)
der  General  Polk,  and  foll  upon  him  with 
such strength  that  he was  con~p.c1l<·d  to  By 
from  the  J1cld.  Bragg  then  JOllH.:d  Smith 
at  Frankfort and  prepared  to  march  on  to 
Louisville. 
thc..:n  numb -red 
65,000  men, while Huell,  who was f olluwi 1 ;~ 
him,  had  about 6(woo.  These  two  armie'S 
came  together on  October 8th  near th<.:  lit 

\Vilder's  elation  al  his vic(cid:173)

I I is  army 

F 
"R/JNA"  LESLIE'S  nLUSTRATHD 

-..... 

f'If.'"TOR y  OF  TIIR  cn~1~  lV//R. 

7 

J 

==~==~==~,=:-::;::=c=:=~ ~~~~~. --

_£-;;~ =-=J: 

~ 

==~  = 

BAXKf::l'S  EXPEDITIO~-EXECUTIVE  OFFICER  PARKER,  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  GUNBOAT  "ESSEX,"  HOISTING  THE  NATIONAL 
ITS  OCCUPATION  BY  THE  FEDERAL  FORUES  COl\ll\IANDEil 

ST.A:XDARD  ON  THE  STATE  CAPITOL,  BATON  ROUGE,  LA.,  ON 
BY  GE:XERAL  GROYER,  WEDNESDAY,  DECEMBER  17TH,  1863. 

tle  town  of  Perryville,  Boyle  County, and  a 
se\'ere  battle  was  fought.  All  day  it  con(cid:173)
tinued,  and  when  night  set  in  the  Confed(cid:173)
erates  had  had  enough  of  it,  and  fell  back 
in  haste  to  Harrodsburg, and  thence out of 
the  State.  The  Federals  suffered  in  the 
fi<:Tht 
to  the  extent  of  4,350  men.  The 
n~araudin•r bands that had ccme with the in(cid:173)
\·aders  had  been  so  successful  in  their  raids 
that  when  the\' retreated  they had a  wagon 
train  of  stol~n  property  forty  miles 
in 
length.  A  large  portion  of  this  had  to  be 
left  behind. 

, 

) 

J 

S 

. 

.  N 

J 
the  field  against  nee s. 1 1 ,ooo .. 

At  this  time  the  Confederate  army  in 
Northern  1\Iississippi.  commanded  by  ~en­
eral  Beauregar:l, had ad,-ancecl  toward; _en(cid:173)
nessee  u::ider Generals Van Dorn and I  nee. 
General  Gn.'1t,  hearing  of  this,  sent wc;>rd 
to  General  Rosecrans,  then  comrnandrng 
the  Army  of the  :\Ii_ssissippi,  of the danger 
gathering west  o~ h~rn.  Rosecrans at_ on~e 
moYed  toward  Conn~h, and T  as  he  did  so 
nrice  ,,·1·nt  to  meet  h1111. 
\\hen  they  met 
• 
th 
near the ,-illage  of  Iuka  .  pnngs,  m  l  or  -
ern  !\li..,sissippi,  Scpte1~1ber  19th, Rosecrans 
,-th  < nlv  ~.ooo  effective  men  successfully 
It 
\\ I 
hr,)cl 
.: 
..,  "JPrce  battle  and  ended  111  the  flight 
t 
\\,!So.II-
r  ti  .  Confc>derates  southwar 
111  grea 
'd 
f 
o 
.l  C()nfusl·on  A  st1rnn2'.  rnc1  ent o 
I 
" 
1aste an< 
d 
· 
fl . ·t  ,,·as  a  clesrJerate  hancl-to-han 
h 
t  e  con  1c 
· 
the  l.J<J~session of  an  n  1ana 
.  d 
1  f 
stru•r<r c  <Jr 
· 
1 . ·h  ti  ,  Confederates ha  seize 
rtiller rmen 
battery  w  llC 
after  the  horse;s  and  72  of  its  a  Jd'  ) 
1 
iers,  ~ -
} .  l  l  . .  k ')Jed.  The  Federal  so 
<l  _  lJ  not  regain 
1a(  )ecn  1 
ff  h 
though  the)'  fou1rht  har  ,  cou 
,  ·  dragged  o 
t  e 
their  battery,  an<  1t  \\as 
1 
lield with  ropes.  Rosecrans captured near y 
1  ooo  prisoners. 
'  Grant  hacl  sent  re-enforcements  un  f~ 
Genl'ral  Ord  to  Rosecran s,  but  theyG<l  ~ 
not  reach  him  until  the day was won. 
en 

I  cl' 
cl 

d  · 
· 

p  . 

""'.., 

· 

· 

""1 

· 

1e 

· 

. . 

K 

· 

' 

-

era!  Ord  had  stopped  on  his way  at a  place 
within  four  miles  of  Iuka,  in  order  to  fol(cid:173)
low  out  the  instructions given  him  to  wait 
there  until he should hear Rosecrans's great 
guns.  A  high  wind  from  the  north  pre(cid:173)
vented  the  sounds  reaching  him,  and  he 
knew  nothing  of  the  battle  until 
it  was 
over. 

Rosecrans  now  gathered  his  troops  at 
Corinth,  knowing that Van  Dorn and  Price 
had united  their forces  and  were  preparing 
to  attack  him.  The  Confederates, 40,000 
strong,  moved  up  from  Ripley and  began 
the  assault  on  Corinth,  October  3cl.  For 
two  clays the  battle  raged  with  great  fury. 
At  length  the  Confederates  were  driven 
back  and  pursued  to  Ripley.  They  lost 
about  9,000  men,  including  prisoners,  and 
the  Federals  about  2,300.  General  Orel, 
who  was  then  at  Hatchie  River,  attacked 
a  part of  Van  Dom's  retreating  army,  and 
was  severely  wounded. 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

EFFORTS  TO  TAKE  VICKSBURG-BATTLE  AT  BA'l'I),.  ROUGE 
EVENTS 

-THE  CONFEDERATE  HAM  "ARKANSAS"-
JN  1\IISSOURT- BATTLES  AT  PRAIRIE  GROVE  AND  LA(cid:173)
BADJEYILLE -
OF  1\!URFREESBOROUGII. 

SURRENDER  OF  GALVESTON - BATTLE 

IN  the  spring  of  1862  Admiral  Farragut 
was  making  active  preparations  for  the 
capture  of  Vicksburg  and  Port  Hudson, 
which  were  then  the  only  obstructions  to 
the  free  navigation of the Mississippi River. 
Vicksburg  was  a  particularly  important 
point,  as  it  stood  on  high  a-round  amonrr 
the  Walnut  Hills,  on  the  e~stern  bank  ~f 
the  l\lississippi,  and  was  strongly fortified 
by  the  Confederates.  Until  it  could  be 
taken  the  National  Government  could  not 
hope  to  carry  out  i_ts  plans  of gaining con(cid:173)
trol  of the  great  nver.  On  May  7th  the 

b 

Federal  forces  captured  Baton  Rouge,  the 
capital  of  Louisiana,  and  thus  made  it  pos(cid:173)
sible  for  Farragut  to  go  up  the  ri\'er  close 
to Vicksburg, where, after consultation with 
the  commanders  of gunboats  in  the Yicin(cid:173)
ity,  he  opened  an  attack  upon the batteries. 
Then,  in  order  to  avoid  the  o·uns  at  th e 
. 
city,  he  had  an  effort  made  to  cut  a  canal 
across  a  peninsula  in  front  of  Vicksburg; 
but,  failing in  this,  he  ceased his  attack and 
withdrew  his vessels  do\\'n  the ri,·er. 
A  little  later,  early  in  A uo·ust  a  Confed(cid:173)
e_rate  force  led  by  Generat' J.  C.  Breckin(cid:173)
nclge  attempted  to  regain  possession  of 
Baton  Roug·e,  then  in  command of General 
Thomas  \Villiams.  A  severe  conHict  was 
the  result.  Duriiw·  the  battle  the  Twent\-(cid:173)
first  Indiana  Regi1~ent, which  did  splendfd 
work,  lost  all  of  its  field  officers. 
\\' hen 
General  Williams  noticed  this  he  dashed 
~ip  to  the regi_ment,  and  placing himself ~t 
its  head,  exclauned :  "  Boys, your  field  offi(cid:173)
cers  c:re  all  gone ;  I  will  lead  you  !"  A 
few  minutes  afterward  he  fell  dead  with a 
bullet in  his  breast.  His  soldiers  then  felt 
back,  as  did  also  the  Conf eclerates. 

Just  after  this  battle  the  Confederate 

ram  A  rl..'ansas,  intended  for  the  destruc(cid:173)
tion  of  all  the  Federal vessels  in  the  :\Ii ·(cid:173)
sissippi,  appeared  above  Baton  Rouge. 
ready  to  carry  out  its  intentions.  To  pre(cid:173)
vent  this Commodore  Porter, with the gun(cid:173)
boats l:.~sscx,  Cayuga  and  Sumter,  went  to 
meet  her.  There was  a  hort,  sharp  and 
decisi\'e  fight.  The_·] rl..wnsas  soon became 
unmanageable and  struck  the  shore. wherr. 
h~r magazine  exploding,  she was blo\\'n  to 
p1<~ ces. 

I issouri  had  bccume  so  o\·errun  with 
guerrillas  that  in  J unc,  1 $6:::!,  that  ~tate 
w~s made  into  a  seix1ratc  military  distri ·t, 
•eneral  J.  :\I.  Schofield  as  its  colll-
with 

d 

FR d VJ;-

~  1 

i.  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CJVJL  WAR. 

477 

squadron  sailed  up  to  Galveston  in  May, 
1862,  and  demanded  its surrender.  Meet(cid:173)
ing  with  a  prompt  refusal,  he  withdrew, 
and_  nothing  was  done  toward  its  capture 
until  the followino- October,  when  the  civil 
authorities  of  th~  city  surrendered  it  to 
Commodore  Renshaw.  At this  time  Gen(cid:173)
e_ral  Godfrey  vVeitzel,  leading  an  expedi(cid:173)
t10n  sent  out  by  Butler  to  gain  control 
of  La  Fourche  Parish,  in  Louisiana,  had 
a  severe  engagement with  a  force  of Con(cid:173)
federates  at  Labadieville  (October 27th). 
He  was  victorious,  and  soon  afterward 
the eastern  portions  of the  State, along the 
borders  of  the  Mississippi,  were  brought 
under  Federal  control.  Two  months later 
General  N.  P.  Banks  succeeded  Butler  in 
the  command  of  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf. 

Toward  the  close of the year  1862  Gen(cid:173)

eral  Rosecrans,  with  a  greater  part  of the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland,  composed  of 
troops  under  Generals Sheridan,  McCook, 
Rousseau, Thomas, Crittenden, J.  C.  Davis, 
Palmer, Van  Cleve, V\T ood,  Matthews,  Neg(cid:173)
ley,  Hazen  and  others,  had  moved  south(cid:173)
ward,  and  on  December  30th  reached 
Stone  River,  near  M urfreesborough.  On 
the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  within  can(cid:173)
nonshot,  was  General  Bragg's  army  with 
such good leaders as Generals Kirby Smith, 
Polk,  Hardee,  Breckinridge,  Cleburne, 
Cheatham,  Withers  and  Wharton.  Bragg 
had  come  up  from  Kentucky  by  way  of 
Chattanooga to  invade  Middle  Tennessee, 
and  had  concentrated  his  forces  at  Mur(cid:173)
freesborough,  just south  of  Nash ville. 

The  next  morning,  December  31st,  a 
fearful  battle  began.  Rosecrans  advanced 
to  fall  upon  the  enemy's  left,  while  the 
Confederates  had  massed and  made  a dash 

upon  Rosecrans's  right,  helcl  by General 
McCook.  The latter was  soon hard pressed 
by  overwhelming.  numbc-n.:;:.  and  sent  t.~ 
Rosecrans  for  assistance. 
I he  reply  was. 
"Tell him  to  contest every inch  of ground. 
If he  holds  them we  will  swing  int<>  ;\Jur(cid:173)
frcesboroucrh  with  our  left  and  cut  them 
off."  But ~he attack  on  l\1c<;ook  \\·as  ton 
strong to  withstand, and as his troops wen: 
slowly  driven  back  Rosecrans  saw  that he 
must change  his  origi_nal. plan  and  hast~~ 
to  the assistance  of  his  nght. 
l\Tt:am\ htlc 
Sheridan was  assailed.  The Confeckratcs 
advanced  toward  him  in  a  compact  mass 
across  an  open  field.  He  at. once  <;>pene<l 
three batteries  upon  them with  telling  ef. 
feet.  They  kept  bravely  on,  however,  u~­
til  within  about  fifty  yards,  when  Sht:n(cid:173)
dan's  troops,  who  had  been  lying  in  th.e 
woods  under  cover,  suddenly arose  to  their 
feet  and  poured  such  a  murderous  volley 
into  their ranks  that they  broke and  fled. 

The  Confederates  at  once  sent another 
division  against  Sheridan, .only  to  be again 
repulsed.  Three  more  times  he  was  at(cid:173)
tacked,  but each  time  he stood his  ground, 
and  the  enemy,  with  terrible  loss,  at length 
retired  to  its  intrenchments.  On  the  next 
day  nothing  but  heavy  skirmishing  wa~ 
done. 

Then,  on  January  2d,  the  fight  was  re(cid:173)

newed  in  terrible  earnest.  The losses  soon 
became so great that  it  seemed  for  a  time 
as  if  the  battle would  end  only when  there 
were no  more  troops  to  fight.  At length 
the  Nineteenth  Illinois,  the  Seventy-eighth 
Pennsylvania,  the  Eleventh  l\lichigan,  the 
Thirty-seventh  Indiana and the Eighteenth, 
Twenty-first and Seventh-fourth Ohio  Reg(cid:173)
iments  made a  simultaneous  charge  on  the 
Confederate line  and  broke  and  scattered 

l\I" 

.  '.tn( man.  But 

\\"~t~ a  force  of 30 ,000  men  that 
ma!1der. 
actIYe  an_cl  Y1g-tlant  leader  soon  dispersed 
the  roam111g  bands and  drove  out the  Con(cid:173)
federate  troops  that  came  i11to 
· 
lSSOun 
oYer  t~1e  s~uth~rn  border.  These  troops 
1 
then  gather eel  111  Arkansas  under Ge 
'[  c  r_r·  1 
nera 
chofielc.l  followed 
. 
them  with  S~ooo  troops  under  General 
J.  G.  Blunt. 
f he latter came across a  p  _ 
tion  of·  Hindman's  army  at  Fort  vVay or 
near.  l\faysvill  ,  on  October  22d,  and  ~~~ 
tac~tng them  fiercely,  drove  them  into  the 
I nclian  country.  Another  portion  was 
found  on  the. \tVhite  River,  eio·ht  miles 
'.rom  Fayettenll~,  and  they  we~e  driven 
into  the  mountarns  by  a  cavalry force  un(cid:173)
<ler  General  F.  ].  Herron.  These success(cid:173)
ful  ~1~lVements  resulted  in  General  Blunt 
re~en~1nf,  the  command  of  the  Missouri 
District,  when  soon  afterward  Schofield  re(cid:173)
tired  on  account  of ill  health. 

Gathering  about  20,000  men  on 

the 
western  borders  of  Arkansas,  Hindman 
prepared  to  make  a  determined  effort  to 
recover  Missouri.  He  started  out  ao-ainst 
Blunt late  in  November.  After atta~kino­
and  defeating  Hindman's  advance,  con~ 
posed  o.f  l\Iarmaduke's  cavalry,  on  Boston 
Mountarns,  Blunt  took  up  a  position  at 
Cane  Hill.  He  then  sent for  Herron  who 
was  just  over  the  border in  l\Iissouri:  and 
the  two  awaited  the  approach  of Hindman. 
The latter soon  came  with  1 r,ooo  men,  ex. 
pecting to  deal  a  crushing  blow  on  Blunt's 
army;  but  the  combined  Federal  forces,  in 
a  battle  at  Prairie Grove, defeated him  and 
drove  his  troops  in  confusion  over  the 
mountains. 

Meanwhile  vigorous  efforts  were  being 
made  to  recover  Texas  from  Confederate 
rule.  Commander  Eagle  with  a  small 

Ct '•U'  uui. ~  OAHHJ,\T  w:- "GENimAJ,8 

QV 

.,.\.JJJ·:ET.EH  AND  WHAH'l'ON  VAT.LINO  ST.OWLY  BACK,  ('ON'l'ES'r!N<l  EVEH.Y  FOO'l' 
' 

OF 

'l'BE  WAY." 

478 

f .'NrlNA'  l .h'S/j/.:,''S  !LLUS'/RA TH!J  f//STOR y 

OF  T!IH  C/V/f,  IVAR. 

i~1  ~onfusion.  .The  n1 ·xt  night  Bragg 
it 
~c! 01  his  li,lclly  sm1tt<·n  army  southward  to 
l ullahoma.  Thl'  Fcdl'1·al s  lost  at  M ur-
frl'vsborough,  in  kilkd and  woundC'd  8 778 
thv  Confctlc:ratcs  more  than  ' 1 r;  urn; 
and 
and  a_l>0ut  1,500  prisoners.  Creal  alarm 
and  d1scourageml'.nt  Wl'rc  produced  amono· 
the  l<'atlers  of  the Confederacy and among 
tht'  Jlt'opl'  of  the  South  by  this  crushing 
IL  marked  the  last  of  a  series  of 
Lie)\\. 
failures 
in 
l'\ ery  aggrcssi ve  moveme nt from  Antietam 
;::,  . 
to  ~lurfrecsborowrl1 

the  Con f ec.lt'rates  had  mac.le 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

Pnocr. '"" ATION  OF  B)t..\NCTPATTON -Trm  CONFEDERATE 
"PERMANENT"  ONJ~-ITs 

Govi:n-.\IENl' 
Prmsmi:NT  AND  C.rnINET  CAP'J'UHE  OP  Fon1'  Hrnn(cid:173)
)C.;'1  HrNinxn  BY  Tim  Y1c1rnuu1m  BAT'rERms -
OH.\l\"T  'rAxi:s  J·~<'Ksoi.-Trrn 8rnn"  OP  VICKSBURG. 

l\L\.D1'~  A 

\V1rnN  the  war  ha<l  been  going on  for 
almost two years President Lincoln  saw that 
something  must  be  clone  to  abolish  the 
slave system, as through  it  the Confederacy 
could  call  on  every  available  man  to  fight 

~  nillions  of 

h 

r 

· 

<l 

ff 

1 

i nckpenclent  more  than  t  ree  1 
The  Confederacy  made  its  r0 . 
. .  p  visional 
slaves. 
862. 
Govl'rnment a  pc.:rmanent one ear Y1). 1 
'ta 
Its  Provisional Congress expired  by  11111 
-
v  " 1)enna-
·t1 
ti on  on  February  r St 1,  an  a  ne' 
nent"  one  be<ran  on  the  same  day I'~  1 
representative~  from  all 
the  slave- a  or 
varecl. 
States excepting  Maryland  and  DeJa,
1
.  was  df'C  are 
for 
fhe next day  J e  erson 
. -c 
elected  President  of  the  Confedei a  Y  p 
six years.  J-I is  Cabinet consisted of Judah 
'. 
Benjamin, of Louisiana,  Secr~ta~y.of itate ~ 
Georo-e  vV.  Randolph,  of  Virginia,  ·  e~~e 
of  War;  S.  R.  Mallory,  of  Florie a~ 
tary 
Secretary of  the  Navy ;  Charles  G.  Mem 
rninge r,  of  South.Carolina,  Secretary f~J~~ 
Treasury,  and  1 homas  H.  Watts,  o 
bama,  Attorney  General.  Randolph  r~­
signed  soon  afterward,  and  J a~nes A.  Se  l 

don,  of  Richmond,  was  appointed  to  fil 
his  place. 

a vis 

D 

0

As we  have  seen,  the  chief  object  of the 
Federal  forces  at  the  beginning  of  1863 
was  the  capture  of  Vicksburg  and  Port 

f\t  attcr_npt  v a..-,  macl 

vas  rcr;u]~ed  and  r ·ur ·<l 

his  fkr·t  CJ[  gunlJfJats,  and  they all  \' •nt  up 
the Yazoo  I<.iver. 
to 
ca Jturc  somr.!  l1attr.:ncs  which  prot ·c.. 
·d  tht· 
reir of  Vicksburg,  l1ut  after  a  sharp  Lattl• 
at Chickasaw Hayou  (Dt;ccr:iLer 28th) Shr·r-
trJ  Yount' 
man'  · 
Point  and 
mouth  of the Yazoo  I<.1vc~r •. wh  ·n~  th1;  ~rm~ 
Oncr·ntratcd twelve  miles  abO\'{: Vicks 
· · 
was  c 
toCJk  11s  orc1;5  frum 
I 
Jurg. 
. 
Memphis  down th~ nver  to  t  1c sa~1 · f1  aci·, 
after convincing h11:nself  that  tht city C<>Uld 
not  be  taken  by  direct assault: 

:\Idltkcn s. IJend,  OJ1{)(J<;ltt;  t 

.... 
Grant  then 

1 . 
I 

f 
. 

.  . 

I 

, 

. 

~ 

I, 

H.  d 

While  waiting  for  Grc:nt,  General  John 
A.  McClernand,  who  arnw:<l  at  heaclquar. 
S  near  Vicksburg,  and  took  tcmriorary 
t 
er' 
command,  captured. "'Ort 
in  man,  at  Ar-
kansas  Post,  fifty  miles  from  th; mouth  of 
f ht troo1Js 
Arkansas  River,  ] anuary  I 11th. 
were  convo~  J  by  P?rter s  gunboats  and 
rams to within three miles of the  fort, when· 
they  were landed.  Porter  then . passed up 
to  close  range,  and  a  sharp  conflict was  be(cid:173)
gun.  T_he  fort  was soon  surrendered with 
5,ooo pnsoners. 

THE  WAR  IN 

l\IISSISSIPPI-DEFEAT  OF  WIRT  ADAMS'S  CONFEDERATE  CAVALRY  BY  THE  SECOND  WISCONSIN  CAVALRY, 

:MAJOR  EAST1\1AN,  NEAR  RED  BONE  CHURCH,  MISS. 

o 

:, 

. 

· 

t 

l 

I 

. 

,  _1 

1 

d 

86 

t 1e 

·11  I 

ork 
. 

·n ·urrect10n  ex1 

t  the  o-overnment  without  the  neces-
g-round  and 
f  leaving  some  to  t1 

agains 
: 
sitydo  "  f  d  for  the  army,  the  slaves  be(cid:173)
pro  uce  oo  1  t 
So  on  September 
a 
in<r  put  to  t 1a  w 
. 
'<l 
the  President  issue  a  proc am  -
21 .•  h  he  said  that  he  would  declare 
2_2 
t10n  in  w 1~c,  .  n  of  all  slaves  in  the  States 
·steel  on January I st, 
the  emancipatio  . 
ff  <lers  should lay  clown 
w 1cre1 n  J 
r86J.  unless  ue o  en 
their  arms. 

t  the  human  property 
This offer  to lpdro  ec  houlJ  they  give  up 
d. 
I 
f 
~ 1e  ·  , 
, 
o 
tlw1r  war ,tga1nst  t 
concessions  of  any 
f 
they  wou 
the  question  o 
kind .. Th?Y  hop~d  1I~iclc  the  people  ?f 
cmanc1pat1on wou  J 
I  s  enable  them  in 
cl1-desire<l  sep-
the  f rec  States,  an 
t :u. 
e 
t  ieir  mu 
1 
. 
the end  to  seciir 
So  their  resist-
I  Government  ecame 
arauon 
. 
anc1!  to  the  i  attona  A 
.  rdinglv,  on  the 
ever 
cco 
stronger  t ian 
the Proclam~t1on 
_:  186 
first  day of Januat). 
the  President 
1 
3·
>rc:1)arc(  JY 
1
· 
J 
of  I~manupauon I  ..  C·tbinct was  µromu  -
and  approv<'d  by  h1~  ·I:  . ·cl  to  be  free  anJ 

he  Union,  was  reJecte 

slaveho  ers,  s 

Id  make  no 

the  Union. 

<l  1  t 

f 
rom 

b 

I 

. 

/ 

· 

. 

. 

· 

· 

. 

. 

Thus were  <lee  a1e 

Hudson,  on  the  Mississippi  River.  For 
this  purpose  General  Grant  concentrated 
his  army  near  the  Tallahatchie  River,  in 
Northern  Mississippi.  He  planned  to  get 
to  the  rear  of  Vicksburg  by  capturing 
Jackson,  the  capital  of  the  State ;  then 
await  the  arrival  of  Sherman,  who  was  to 
pass down  the  river  from  Memphis in trans(cid:173)
ports  guarded  by  Porter's  gunboats,  then 
up  the  Yazoo  to  a  point where  he  could 
make  a  junction with Grant's forces.  Grant 
move<l  first  to  H oily Springs, where  he  left 
a  laro-e  quantity  of  supplies;  then  on  to 
Oxf o~cl,  after  flanking  the  enemy drawn  up 
for  battle  on  the  other  side  of  the  Talla(cid:173)
hatchie.  While  there  Grant  learned  that 
Van  Dorn,  with  his  cavalry,  had surprised 
the reg-iment'guarding the supplies at Holly 
Springs  and  effectually  destroyed  them. 
This compelled  the  Federals  to  fall  back 
to  Grand Junction. 

Meanwhi!c _Sherman, with  i 2,000  troops, 
left Memphis  111.  transports, with  siege guns, 
to  Leleaguer  Vicksburg.  At  Friar's  Point 
he was  joined  by  Commodore  Porter  and 

. 

;::, 

The followino- month  Porter  ran  by  t~e 
batteries at Vicksburo· with  nearly his wh? e 
fleet  and  a  number 0  of  transports,  which 
were protected  from shot  by bales of cotto~ 
and  hay.  These  transports  were  mann~ 
by volunteers  which  led  Grant  to  'ay,  in 
one of his rep~rts :  "  It is  a  striking feature 
of the volunteer army of  the  United  Srf{e~ 
that there is  nothin cr  which  men  are  ~a  elL 
f  s1ona  · 
d 
upon  to  do  mechanical  or  pro es 
b 
{oun 
I 
cri· 
t 1at accomplished  adepts  cannot  e 
for  the duty  required,  in  almost  e\'ef)' re"' 
-Jr1d 
ment." 
\Vh en  the  e-unboats  and  transport:>_  ~r-
successfully  passetl  down,  on  tie  i/, ht'\' 
,, .. n  .. 
tacking  the  batteries  at  Grand.  J.u 1~5t th~ 
stopped  at  Bruensburo·  to  fcrr)  atn ·  r·h-
1\1 . 
This 
1ss1ss1ppt 
ec.l  down  the west  side  of  the  fl\t~r._·1 .. 111. 
01: '.  Grant  pressed  on  to 
d 
·t  l1JO~l 
b:ittk 
which  he  captured  after  a  short 
(l\fay  I't). 

rants army,". 11c i. h  l 

1 . 1 I ·1  I n1:1  ' 

. G 

1.1'· 

I) 

Ot 

. 

. 

'. 

I 

~ 

' 

' 

,.

i::o 

,

Grant then w::i.ited  fi\'c d.1\ s  fM ~ 1~.11P111tt 
who  hatl  be 'n  sent  tu  ::i.ttempt_  the  tRiYt'r. 
of  1-Iaines's  Bluff,  on  the  \  .i. L)o 

1

11

J 
gate  . 

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

FR.1. \?\..  LE  'Lirs  rL r 

-

./ .  .1,[')TRATED  HISTORY  OF  T/fH  cn·11_  WAR. 

479 

-

-

• 

I 

. 

1·1 

. 

11
, .  '-
,..,

,'r.  .  .  . 

l\Iississi[)l)i 
• 

"-armond  The)' '''ct·"  I  . 

l\.I 
1e  army  then  . tarted  for  ]  k. · 

~ 
lh·ing- un. ucccs·ful  in  thi 
-111 
an cro ·sed 
1
the  ,,  1ss1s'"PJH  and  Joined  e- 1 . ..,  lt 
" 1  on 
'  I 
3)' 
st 1. 
tlac  son, 
0 
the  capit:-il  of 
t  lt!)'  ount  a  arq~  f orcc  of  c 
I 
f 
1e  wa)· 
- n 
f  d 
' 
J 
I 
on  e  eratcs 
strong y  posted  111  the_  woods  11 ,.., 
.  I 
· 
.
f  I) 
· •  '-a I  t  lC  \ ' I  -
I 
1
a~·e  o 
f, 
'-cnvenout 
f 
a  ter a  >a.ttlc  of  three  hours,  and  the  Fed-
,  e 
erals cont111ucd  their marcl1 
7  ne1 a s  1er-
111,rn  and  McPherson  were  1•11 
ti 
I 
I 
1e  a  vance 
ant  w ien  they  arrived  withiil  ti 
.
' 
f  J  I 
1rec  1111  es 
1 
o 
ac .;:son  the)'  came  uoon  a  C 
f 
on  e  erate 
f 
r 
~)rce o 
r r.ooo  men,  under General  ] ose  h 
l:.  Johnston  (l\Ia)·  14th) 
P 
lerson  at 
· 
once attacked the main body, while Sherman 
passed ro~111d,  Oanking  the  enemy and  driv-
111g  the  nOemcn  from  their pits.  After  a 
short  engagen1~nt  the  Confederates  fled 
8 
northward,  leaving  250  prisoners  and 

' 
l\I  Pl 

.  I  SI 

f  d 

d 

c 

' 

• 

'-

1

d~moralized  condition  of  the  enemy, 
it 
1111ght  be  taken  that way.  But he  found  it 
to_o  strongly  fortifie<l,  and  the  troops  were 
W1tl_1drawn.  After a  rest  of  two days  Grant 
ci.ec1ded  Lo  make  another effort  to carry the 
city  ~y storm.  So  at  ten  o'clock  on  the 
mornmg of the  22d  almost  the whole  army 
moved  at  an  appointed  signal  and  ma<le  a 
cl.ash  upon  the  Confederate works.  A  ter(cid:173)
rible  scene  took  place.  The frownino- forti(cid:173)
fications  became  almost a  mass  of  fl~me as 
they  poured  forth  a  clea<lly  fire  upon  the 
uncovered  tr?ops  b~low.  Bravely the army 
struggled,  with  terrible  loss  of  life,  to gain 
a  foothold  where  they could  stop  the mur(cid:173)
derous guns.  After a  time General McCler(cid:173)
nancl  sent word  to  Grant  that  he  had  won 
some  intrenchments  and  wanted  help  to 
hold  them  and  enable  him  to  push  further 

man  lying  across Stout's  Bayou, and touch(cid:173)
l'ark<:'s  corps 
in(r  the  bluffs  on  the·  ri\·c:r. 
an~l  the  divisions  of  .  mith  and  Kimball 
were sent  to  1-Iaines's  Bluff. 

For  more  than  a  mcinth  the  sic:g-c  of 

\'icksburo- continued.  Shot and sh<·ll follow(cid:173)
ed  each  ;thcr in  quick succession  through(cid:173)
out every clay.  Batteries on land and water 
sent death-dealing  messagc::s  into  the very 
heart  of  the  city,  playing  ha\'oc  with  the 
builcli1ws  and  drivinrr  the  inhabitants  into 
the  shclt~r  of  caves..,  dug  into  the  earth. 
\\'bile  the iron  hail was  dropping on  to the 
devoted  citadel  Grant's  army dug  its  way 
nearer  and  nearer  to  the  city,  until  it  got 
close  enough  to  undermine  one  of  the 
principal  forts  in the line of the defenses on 
the  land  side.  This  was  done,  and  the  fort 
:\Ieanwhile 
blew  up  with  fearful  effect. 

THE  WAR  IN  ~IISSISSIPPI-McPHERSON'S  TROOPS  FORAGING  A'r  THE  CONFEDERATE  GENERAL  WHITFIELD'S  READQPARTER 

rrunc;.  Grant  then  seized  the  capital.  He 
~( t  Slwrman  there  to  cl es troy the war  n:a(cid:173)
tcrial  an<l  public  property,  while  he,  w~th 
a  Jar~<:  force,  marche<l  to  C:hampion  I I ill, 
where General  P(·mbcrton, wt th 25'.000 n~en. 
held  a  strong  position.  ~pon l.11s  arn,·al 
there  Grant  decided  to  wait  until  l\IcCler(cid:173)
nand,  with 
the  Thirteenth  Corps,  could 
com ·  up,  but  ~he  Confederates would  not 
wait, and on the morn in.~ of i\Iay I 6th began 
the Lanie.  The struggle was short an~ dc(cid:173)
ci  ive.. 
I'cmberton'sL ~t roops  w  ·re  dn.\'en 
fi  ·Id  and  fell  back  to  Black  P n'er 
from  th 
r  ilroad  bridge.  There th•·y  \\'f'r: fol.low~~ 
and  a  air  d  feat  d,  and  ent  flying  111  dis(cid:173)
ord ·r to  \'ick  burg. 
l  r 
•ictoriouc; army swept on and close) 
e  ·t dav 
, 
n  a  ,ault u:~on th  ci~y '~;~~ 
rant exp  ctmg that,  in 

· 
inv • tt>  J \  icksburg in  t  e  r  ar t  e n. · 
•  y  , 9  h  . 
r  ere  , 
oon 

Th 

h 

h 

· 

on.  More  troops were  sent  him,  and  new 
vicror  was  put into  the  assau lt.  But  it  was 
a  false hope.  McClernand  had  not  gained 
as  much  as  he  intimated,  and  after  a  little 
more  slaughter  the  broken  army  was  at 
length  compelled  to  fall  b~ck and  abandon 
the  stru<nrle.  Grant,  feeling  th<.t  l\1cCler(cid:173)
nand ha~r:.rnacle  a  grievous  mistake  in  call(cid:173)
ing  for  aid,  removed  that  g~ner~l  from 
command and put General Ord 1n  1;1s  place. 
Grant  now  saw  chat  he  could  not  take 

1 

the  city  Ly  storm,
and  so,  with  the  co(cid:173)
operation  of  Porters fleet,  began  a  regular 
·  ·<>"c  J le at once sent for re-cnforeemq1ls, 
f 
SIC,...,.. 
and  when  these  came  he  111vestment  ~ 
\ ,.  ksliur1r  was  complete.  Ile arranged  his 
' 
1 
s  corps  on  t  w 
force<;  by  placing  ~  1erman
i\IcPlwrson s  next  and  tX· 
t 
ex  re1 
J .  r  t"  the  railroad,  and  Orel s  on  the 
tr-n  111g 
.1•111  the c.li vis10ns  of 11 crrun  and  Lau-
l  f 
e  t,  \\ 

ll •  ri.ght 
' 

SJ 

~ 

. 
. 

., 

IC 

, 

L 

. 

• 

1

famine  stared  in  the  face  of  the  citizens  of 
Vicksburg.  The  food  \\'as  µortioned  out 
sparingly,  and  the  people  had  to  eat any(cid:173)
thing they could  lay their hands on  that \\'as 
at  all  edible. 

At las,  on  July  3d,  a  Oag  of  true,"' ·nt 
fortifications,  and  two  officers 
up  on  th 
appeared  before  Crant  with  a  not'  from 
Pemberton,  in "hich  he  suggested  the ap(cid:173)
pointment  of  thrC'c  eommissiunvrs  to  settle 
upon  terms  of  capitulation.  Gr.111t  wrot<: 
in  reply  that,  as  he  could  not  listen  to  any(cid:173)
thing- but unconditional  surrcndn, it wo1ild 
be  useless  to  appoint  commissioners,  and  if 
Pemberton wished  the ccssatinn of the sil'gt· 
he  could  lnt\ c·  it  by  an  agrce1m·nt  on  those 
terms.  Pc..:mberton  then asked  for a p ·rsonal 
intcrviC"w,  and the two g-<:ncrals rnct midwa\' 
l)('twc1·n  the;  lines,  und ·r  n.  gigantic  o;d.;. 
\\'hen  Crant n;pc:ated  that  his  t  ·rm  w ·ni 

4~0 

J 'n  JN  · 
A 

'.1 \ / 

l .HS/j f!''S  /!JUSTR A  T.l:.:D 

;J·'.S' TO/i:> Y  o·r.  THE  CI VIL  WAR. 

l 

.1. · 

.1 ~ 

Thus  e nc.l ed  a  s hort,  stirrin g  camp~Jg~, 
th e  res ult  o f  wh ich  was,  as  G ra nt  s~J  fi  1 ~ 
hi s re po rt,  " th e  defeat  of  th e e ne m y 111 
v 
ba ttl es  o utside  of  V icksburg;  th ~ ~cc.u p~­
ti o n  of  J ac kso n, th e  capita l  of  M 1 s~1 ss1 pp i , 
a nd  the  capture  o f  Vicksb urg  a nd  its  gar(cid:173)
riso n  a nd  muniti o ns  o f  war-a loss  t o  th e 
e ne my  of  37,000  pri so ne rs,  a mo ng  who m 
1 o,ooo 
we re 

r 5  ge ne ra l  officers,  a t 

least 

.\I\'\\\ t  1 t  d: 

t·~nrond.i\i~)~1.~ll  s~~rr ·nckr  Pcmlwrlon  h a ug h(cid:173)
til 
t'vvr,  so  lo ng·  as  I  havt· a 
'~:an  ldt .111t·  ! "  " T lwn,"  said  Lrant,  "yo u 
t.tn  cn~Htnuc  tlw  (kfe nse;  my  ar m y  was 
"·l'' vr .. 111  a  hct~l'r co nditio n  to  co ntinu e  <.l. 
nt  I.wing  .tbk  to  agn·t',  the  inter(cid:173)
sl.L\!·l'. 
'  1ew  t'ndvd  \\'1th  a  promise  from  Cra nt  t o 
consult\\ ith  his  offic ·rs,  and  t o  kt P ·mb  r(cid:173)
tnn  kno\\  tlw  result  by  m ·sscngcr.  T he 

~ 

/ / 

capturing 
wounded  and 
8,575. 

it."  1-f:is.  own 

rmssrng  he: 
. 

G 

loss  _in  killed 

est1mat,~d  a; 
I  B 
anks,  afttr 

In  the  meant111:ie 

_ene:-ra. 

a n  active  campaign,  rn  which,  as  he  re(cid:173)
por ted,  he  managed  to  break  thf.:  Conftd. 
e ra te  power  in  Northern  and  Central  Lou(cid:173)
is ia na,  had  invested  Port  H ~dson, then  in 
command of General  Frank Gardner.  With 

'l'HE  WAR  IX  TE~~'E SEE-LOORO"l'T 

l\WUNTAI  A 'D  ITS  VICINITY,  FROM  THE  POSI TION"  OF  THE  ELE\"F...NTH  AR::IIY 

t 
0

terms  agree<l  ~pun 1"  JJ  be  surren<lered,  Generals  Tracy,  TilghmaP  and  Green,  and 

·ere  that  the  entire  killeJ  and  wounded,  and  among the  killed 

place  and  garnson  s wu JJ  be  paroleJ  and  hun<lred5  and  perhaps  thousands  of  strag(cid:173)
but that  the  troops wou 
f  the  lines-the  ulers  who  can  ne,·er  be  collected  anJ  reor-
narch  out  0 
J  ~-anized.  Arms  and  munitions  of war  for 
<l 
aB~)\\'e 
1 
officers  taking " 1 
ban  arm)' of  6u.uoo  men ha\'e  fallen  into  our 
I  1 · 
hands,  besides  a 
large  amount  of  other 
c ?_t 11ng, a1 
l 
othcers a  hor~e cal.:~J·10ld of\' icksburg, wnh  public .property,  cons1st1ng  o  r::u  roat s,  o-
accepted, the stron~ 
comot1ves,  cars,  steamboats,  cotton,  etc., 
~ - 000 men and  a  ,·ast a. mho 
and  much  was  destroyed  to  prevent  our 
.)/• 
was  surrendere  ,  u  ) 

··th  them  their  regirnenta 
fi .. nd field  and cavalry 
e1!1g 

. 
1<l  the <;ta  a 

:  ·h  This proposa 

unt of ordnance, 

J  j  ] •  1t 

1 b  · 

863 
· 

. , 

·1 

l 

f 

. 

. 

I 

'1" 

' 

· 

d 

.  E 

_":} lbatross 
' 

the assi  tance  of  Farra1.rut's  quaJron,  ~h/ 
}(fi.JJ10J1<'tlhd11,  Rin· 
Hartford, 
e  mor· 
mond,  ~sst'.I' and  To111t·ss1't',  an_  som.  Port 
tar  boats,  Banks  began  the  siege  of .. ·ks(cid:173)
Iay.  Like  1rant at \/.L  . 
Hudson  late  in 
buro·, he made  two  unsucces-ful  :wd  urs;i~-
·wrrn. 
trous attempts  to  take  the  pbc~  ))  ::.. 
.\! 
(,II 
For  forty  da,·s  the  sie<re  cont11H1ed. 
d tht'  3 
len~~h the want of an.1111~1111t1on. an 
hulci 
of  \  1cksburg  made  1t  1mpo:;s1ble  to 

'  . 

'"' 

;::, 

t 

. 

-

FRANK  LESLIE'S  .ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  C./V./L  WAR. 

· 

o 
• 

t 1e 
b 

th~ p~~t  any  lo no-er,  and  on  July 9th  G  _ 
era!  l,ardncr  sm·:endercd  to  Banks.  T~n 
le 
Federals  lost  dunng  the  siecre  abot t  ,, 
1  _,,ooo 
f 
f 
1nen,  an 
s1ve  o 
pn5oner ,  a  out  800. 

. 
The  c tpture  of  \"icksburo- and  p 

on  ederates  exclu  · 

,  1  C 

I-Judson  sen_t  a. thrill  of joy th;'oughout ~: 
I 
'forth,  for  in  1t  the  people  of  tll  1 
-
e  oya 
see signs  of  the  early endino-
.':'ltates cou 
of  the  '~·ar.  The  loss  of  these  importan1 
. 
places  'rnuld  be  a  blow  to  the  Conf  d 
from  which  it  could  never recove _ e Ge~acy 
·i  d 
rant 
J 
'''.as
la
1 e  ~s  a  great  general  and  took  a 
1
1 
h1g 1 p ace  111  the  regard  of the  people. 

Id 

. 

1. 

CHAPTER  XV. 

TnE  FmsT CAVALRY  CoNTEST-TnE BATTLE  OF 
CHA..'<CE~LOUSVILLE-DEATH 0.F'  STONEWALL 
JACKSON-LEE  .AGAIN  INVADES  MARYLAND 
-GmrnRAL  GEORGE  G.  MEADE  l:)uccEEDs 
GEXE.RAL  HOOKER. 

b 

AFTER  the  battle  of  Fredericks(cid:173)
~ urg  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
rn~er  q.eneral  Joseph  Hooker,  re~ 
:named  m  comparative quiet on the 
n~rthern side  of the Rappahannock 
River,  near  Fredericksburg, 
for 
nearly  three  months.  The  army 
numbered  about 
IOO ooo  men 
while  q.eneral  Lee's  ar~y. on  th~ 
other  side  of  the  river,  numbered 
but  60,000,  as  a  laro-e  force  under 
0
General  Lona-street 
had  been  de(cid:173)
tailed  to  wat~h the  movements  of 
the  Federals  under  General  Peck 
in  the  vicinity  of  Suffolk.  During 
these  three  months  nothin o- but  a 
few  cavalry  movements  disturbed 
the  two  armies.  Early in  February 
the  Federal  troops  at  Gloucester, 
opposite  Yorktown,  were  attacked 
by a  mounted  force  under  General 
\V.  H. F.  L ee,  and  l\Iarch  8th  the 
Federal  forces  at  Fairfax  Court(cid:173)
house  were  surprised  in  the  middle 
of  the  night  by a  band  of guerrillas 
led  by  Colonel  Mosby.  They 
dashed  into  the  village,  and  after 
taking so me  prisoners, among them 
the  commander  at  that  place,  gal(cid:173)
loped  away.  A  little  later  the  first 
real  cavalry  contes t  of  the  war 
took  place.  It was  between  a  body 
of  Federal  horsemen  led  by  Gen(cid:173)
r-ral  Averill  and  some  mounted 
Confederates  under  General  Fitz(cid:173)
hugh  Lee.  Th ey  met  at  Kelley's 
Ford,  on  the  Rappahannock,  and 
after a  severe  battle  Averill's  men 
were  repulsed. 

When  the  three  months  had al(cid:173)
most  aone  with  nothing  accom(cid:173)
plished°  Hooker determined  to  put 
his  army  in  motion  toward  Rich-
mond.  So,  after  making an  unsuc-
cessful  attempt  with  General  Stoneman's 
cavalry to destroy the railroads in Lee's re3:r, 
Hooker sent  10 ooo mounted  troops to  raid 
in th e  rear of the enemy.  Then,  ~bile  his 
ltft  wing,  under  General  Sedgwick,  en(cid:173)
._:-agf;<l  Lee  in  front,  Hooker  took  60,000 
troops  of  his  own  right  wing  across  the 
Rappahannock,  several  miles  above  Fre~­
"ricksburg,  to  Chancellorsville,  a  ~mall vil(cid:173)
hg-e  in  a  region  known  as  the  Wilderness. 
t looker  made  his  headquarters  there  and 
'egan 
intrench  himself.  He  plac_e<l 
ifoward's corps  on  his extreme  right,  with 
Sickle  next  to  him, 
locum  in  the  centre, 
·tnd  , 1cade an d  Cour.h  on  the ldt. 

Lc·e,  in  t  ad of  IJeing  frightened  at t~ese 

tC> 

preparation  and  retreating  trJwar<l  Rich(cid:173)
mond,  as  B ook  r  expecti..:<l,  ent Sto~1ewall 
f ,rce,  early  !11  the 
Jack  on,  with  a  larg 
morn ing  of  . fay  ist,  to  strike rhc;  Federal 

army a  heavy _blow.  Hooker's troops went 
out  to  meet  h_1m,  but af tcr a  sharp  engage(cid:173)
ment were  dnven  back  to  their  intrench(cid:173)
ments. 

The  next  morning,  Saturday,  May  2d, 
Lee  sent  Jack.son,  with  the  whole:  of  the 
latter's  command,  about  25,000  men,  to 
execute  a  grand flank  movement on  Hook(cid:173)
er's.  extreme  right,  where  Howard  was 
stat10ned. 
J ac~.;:son  cut  his  way  through 
the  tangl~d  wilderness,  which  effectually 
covered  his  approach,  and  reachino- How(cid:173)
ard's p~sition,_~uddenly burst from th~ woods 
upon hun.  F 1erce  and  terrible was the  on-

ADMIRAL  SAl\ffiEL  F.  DUPONT. 

slaught,  crushing  the  Federal column  like 
an  ~gashell, and driving  its  broken  pieces 
I~ 
back  u<=>pon  the  remainder  of  the  line. 
vain  did  the  aallant  Howard  gallop  fun(cid:173)
ously  among  l1is  panic-stricken  men  and 
wave  his  empty sleeve  as a banner to them. 
His column was  wrecked, and he could  not 
save it.  Back  it fell, and Jackson was  about 
to  gain  the an:iy's  rear.  But  Hooke:,  tak(cid:173)
ing  in  his  penl  at  ~  glance,  sent  his  old 
division  then  Berry s,  to  the rescue.  Pre(cid:173)
senting~ solid front to the enemy. it enabled 
Sickles  and  Howard  to  rally  their  troops 
behind  it,  and Jackson's  victorious  course 
was  checked.  But,  regardless  of  the  ter-
·r.1c 
into 
·11 
rill 
their  ranks  from  t 1irty  p1e,ccs  o.  ~rt1  cry 
.. ,.<l  in  front  of  Berry s  pos1t1on,  the 
l  . 
·1 
t 1eir  attac  unli 

loads  of  canister  that  poured 

d 
mass.... 
Confederates  co?unue 
late  in  the  evening. 

l . 

k 

. 

f 

. 

Just after the conflict had  ended  _for  the 
day the Conf ecleratcs  lost one vf  their  most 
In order to make  obscr· 
brilliant  leaders. 
vations  toward arranging  a  plan  of  battl~ 
for  the  next  day,  General  T .  J.  Jackson 
("Stonewall") rode,  with. his. staff,  ov~~; the 
I hen, 
crround  in  front  of  the skinrnshcrs. 
~s he was  returning to the lines  in  the dark(cid:173)
ness  he  was  shot  and  mortally  wounded 
by  doc  of  his  own  men,  who  mistook him 
and  his  staff  for  Federal  cavalry. 

At dawn  the  next  morning (~lay 3d) the 
battle was  renewed  by  an  attack  upon  rhe 
troops  of  General  Sickles.  TLe Conf e~~r­
ates were  bravely  met by the  :1w1s(cid:173)
ions of Birney and  Berry, supported 
by  forty  pieces  of  artillery.  F ~r a 
time  these  made  a  stand  agamst 
General  Stuart,  who  had taken the 
place  of  the  fallen  Jackson;  but 
the  Confederates,  undaunted  by 
the  heavy  cannonading  they  re(cid:173)
ceived,  dashed  up at a  furious  pace 
and  drove Sickles's  corps gradually 
back,  and  after  six  hours'  hard 
fighting they were pushed from  the 
field  to  a  strong  position  on  the 
roads  back  of  Chancellorsville. 

While 

this  battle  was  being 
fo:.ight  General  Sedgwick,  "vith 
Hooker's  right  wing,  had  crossed 
the  Rappahannock  on  Lee's front, 
and  by  a  brilliant  dash  had  capt(cid:173)
ured 
the  heights  of  Fredericks(cid:173)
burg.  Then,  leaving  a  part of his 
force  to  hold  these works,  he took 
his  main  army  toward  Chancellors-
ville  to  join  Hooker.  Learning  of 
this  move,  and  having  Hooker 
well  in  hand,  Lee  at  once  dis(cid:173)
patched  an  overwhelming  force  to 
intercept him.  There was a  severe 
battle, and Sedgwick was compelled 
to retreat across the river at Banks's 
Ford.  The 
the 
heights  were  also  attacked  and 
driven  over the  river.  Hooker soon 
fallowed, with the rest of the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  reaching  the  north 
side  of the  Rappahannock  in  safety 
on  May 4th, while  Lee  resumed his 
former_ position  on  the  heights  of 
F redencksburg.  The  loss  on both 
sides  was  heavy,  that  of  the  Fed(cid:173)
erals, in killed, wounded and  prison(cid:173)
ers, more  than  I  7,000, and  the  Con(cid:173)
federates,  about  I 5,000. 

left  on 

troops 

Soon  after  the  battle  of  Chan(cid:173)
cellorsville  General  Lono·street  re(cid:173)
joined  Lee.  During his ~bsence he 
had  besieged  General  Peck  in  a 
strongly fortified  position, near Suf(cid:173)
folk,  in  Southeastern  Viro-inia 
in 
the  hope  of  driving  the  Fede
rals 
from  that post,  so  as  to  enable  him 
to  seize  Norfolk and  its  vicinity  and  attack 
Fortress  Monroe.  But  failinc.r  in  this  he 
abandoned  the  siege  and  went  back  to 
Lee. 

b 

• 

1

' 

With _this  ~ddition to  it,  Lee's ::trmy  was 

\Vith  this  pur(cid:173)

reorganized  mto  three  army  corps,  com(cid:173)
manded  respectively  by  Generals  Long(cid:173)
street,  A.  P.  Hill  and  Ewell.  Then  Lee, 
rna?e  confident  by  his  successes,  resolved 
to  mvade  Maryland  again. 
pose  in  view,  he  sent  his  left  wing,  in 
charge  of  General  Ewell,  toward  the  Poto(cid:173)
mac,  throug h  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  by 
way  of Chester Gap, while Longstreet, with 
another  large  force,  moved  along  the  east(cid:173)
ern  bases  of  the  Blue  Ric.lgr;.  At  Win(cid:173)
chester the  Conf ec.lerates  CC'tn<.:  ur1on  Gen(cid:173)
eral  Milroy. with  7,000  Fec\ernl  troops, a 11<l 
after a  battle drove him across the Potomac 
to  Harper's  Ferry.  EwP.ll  then  cro!:>se<l  tht.• 

FR A NK  L/£.S/JE'S  ILLUSTRA TED  I.Ii.STORY  OF  TH E  C./V/L 

tVAf(. 

. 

f ew  miles  of  tl1e  S 

strt;am  and  marched  ra  idl 
~he Cu m hcrfru ,d  Valley \ 0  ~i~Jf_ 
tn  a 
l 
USCJU<.!-
1a.n.na,  opposit<.!  Harri sburcr  th e 
capita l <..~f  h:nnsylvan ia. 
I {~' was 
cl. 
soon  follow<.:d  ]Jy  tll 
f  1 
1v1s1o ns 
e 
0 
'-arly,  l I 111  and  L o ngst reet 
a n<l, on  J une  25 th,  the  w hole  of 
Lees  army  was  agai n  in  Mary(cid:173)
land  antl  P<.:nnsvl vania 

·  . 

. 

Tht.:  Anny  of  t he 

I~otomac 
'~hich  had  followed  Lee o n  hi~ 
ngh t  flan ~,  took  u p  a  posit ion 
~~  Fre<lenck,.  ~I d.,  J un c  27th. 
I h e re  Gene ral  in  C hi ef  H all eck 
a nd  Gene ral  H ooke r  had  a  d e(cid:173)
cided  d isagr eem e nt  over  some 
p roposed  military  m oveme nts 
a nd  th e  latte r  was  forced  to  re~ 
sign  his  command  of  the  Anny 
of  the  Potomac.  H e  was  suc(cid:173)
ceeded  by  G e neral  G eorge  G. 
Me~de,  who  k ept  the  position 
until  the  close  of the  ''var.  His forces  then 
numbered  100, 0 00 m e n. 
.  Lee  now  determined  to  move  upon  Har(cid:173)
nsburg at~d th e n  push  on  to  Philadelphia, 
but  learning  that  Meade  was  well  across 
the  Potomac  and was  threatenincr  his  flank 
and  rear, he decided  to first  conc~ntrate his 
army  at  Gettysburg,  and  then  deal  such  a 
demoralizing  blow  upon  Meade  that  he 
could  march  on  to  Baltimore  and  Wash(cid:173)
ington without trouble.  Accordingly, Long· 
street and Hill were ordered  to march  from 
Chambersburg  to  Gettysburg,  and  Ewell 
from  Carlisle.  As the advance  of  General 
Hill's  corps  approached  their  destination 
they  were  met  by  Buford's  division  of 
National  cavalry,  at  Seminary  Ridge,  July 
1st,  and a  sharp skirmish took place.  Gen(cid:173)
eral  J.  F.  Rey nolds,  with  the  left wing  of 
Meade's  army,  then  came  up  and  hastened 
to  Buford's  relief.  Hardly had  he  reached 
the  field before  he was  instantly killed.  His 
pla ce was  take n  by Gene ral Abner  Double(cid:173)
day and  the  battle  went on.  G eneral 0. 0 . 
Howard  now  arrived  with  his  corps  and 
t o ok chief  command.  The F ederals  at once 
began t o  press the enemy back, and  ~eemed 
to  be w inning  the day,  when  Ew~ll s  corps 
appeared  o n  the  scene,  outflanking  H .ow(cid:173)
ard's  line  of  ba ttle.  This  turned_ the tide, 
an d  H owa rd was  driven  off  the  fi~ld  to  a 
stro ng  posit ion  on  a  range  ~f  hills  i:ear 
G ettysb u rg , of  which Culp's  Hill and Little 
R ou nd  T op  were  the  t wo  extre mes  of  the 
line  an d  C em etery 
the  village, 
Hili.  at 
was 
the  apex.  The 
C o nfede ra tes  pu rsued 
them  fie rcely,  capt~r­
ing  about  2 ,500  pris(cid:173)
one rs 
they 
reach~d  the  ridge  of 
hills,  where  they  were 
met  Ly such  a  deadly 
artillery  f ir e  tha t, 
s  t  r  u  g g 1 e  as 
they 
wou ld,~ they had to  f ~Jl 
back,  and  the  conflict 
c;nded  with  the  day. 
L earning  of  Reyn(cid:173)

u  n t i 1 

ol<ls's  death, _ :\lead~ 
a t 
0  n  c <.:  clispatche 
General  1 Iancock  to 
t he  fie1J  LO  find  out 
1 • 
the 
·md  report  to  Hill 
' 
Han-
s tatc  of  a  airs.. 
• 
cocl·'s information" as 
that  l\ l eadc  de-
1 
suc l 
..•  bat-
· 
Lerm i1ll"d  to  gi' c 
Lie  al tl'c  strong  posi-
tio n  I-I oward  .hac.l  s~­
lectc<l. 
1 {c  1n11nc<l1-

ff  · 

r 

,_,. 

r; 

.'ickles. 

the  afternoon 

army,  with  Lone- trr-i·t 
ri~~t,  and  E 1{ -II  th . :ef L 
I he  battle  began  in  thf· 

- - on  tt 
,. .. 
. 
1·~· 
dlc  of 
Longstreet made a  fierc~ c.t~  'n 
1  d  ,  J  f 
1.arrr1 
upon  .  ea  cs  e t,  comma  d» 
1 s·  k1 
n  {·d 
b 
.  1c  ·1es.  Amid  h 
y  Jenera 
crash  and  thunder  of  artill~r~: 
the Conf ede~ates dashed up -a:. 
;igely,  but  in  splendid  ord •. 
and  dealt  blow after blow  un 'j 
the  whole  left wing- of th~ Ft~­
erals was  shaken  and  gradualh 
Just  then  the  hf th 
fell  back. 
Corps,  under  Sykes,  cam<:  u 
Bu~ 
and  re-enforced 
this  did  not  arrest 
the  on. 
slaught . of  the  enemy;  instead, 
the  ternble  fire  of  the  artillerv 
that  swept  their  ranks  seemed 
to  make  them  bolder and  fiercer 
than  ever, and  they bra\'ely con(cid:173)
t inued 
the  Federals 
back.  They were at last  arrested,  but  not 
driven  away,  by  the  arrival  at  the  scene 
of S edgwick's  corps  and  part  of  the  First. 
The  struggle  still  continued,  with  fea rful 
losses  on  both  sides,  for  several  hours. 
Meanwhil e  a nother  mighty  contest  was 
going  on  between  Ewell's  corps  and  the 
F ede ral  rig ht  a nd  centre  under  Generals 
Slocum  a nd  Howard.  Th is  figh t  contin(cid:173)
ued  until  ten  o'clock in  the  evening,  when 
the  Confede ra tes,  driv<:; n  back by  H oward, 
had  seized  a nd  held  the works  of  Slocum 
on  th e  extreme  right  of  Cul p's  Hill. 

to  force 

The  prospect  was a  very  gloomy one for 
the  F ederals  when  t he  arm ies  rested  for 
the  nig ht.  They  had  been  pushed  back on 
both  the  right  a nd  left  wings;  they  had 
suffered  g reat losses,  and  the sold iers  \\·ere 
tired  with  hurri ed  marches  and  the  hard 
struggle  of  the day.  But  l\Ieade knew  that 
he  had  a  strong  positio n,  and  as  a  retreat 
would  be  d isastrous,  he  resoh'ed to  fight  it 
out rig ht  there. 

' 

At  fou r  o'clock  the  next  morning  the 
ba ttl e  was  renewed  on  the  right.  Ewell 
attempted  to  ad ,·ance  from  t he  position  he 
had  cap tured  the  niaht  before, and  Slocum 
determined  not  on ly  to  preYent  him doing 
so, but to  recover h is  lo.'3t  grou nd.  F or two 
hours there was a desperate struggle.  Fear· 
lessly  the  Confederates  charged  throu~h 
the  smoke  a nd  death-dealing balls  of  artil· 
lery.  For  a  moment S locum  was  pre~sed 
back  but  \ Vheaton's  briaade  of  th e Sixth 
bein~·  hurried  to  his 
aid,  he agai n advanced. 
1\1  o r e 
troops  were 
brouaht  up,  and  at 
last  Ewell's  braYe fol(cid:173)
lowers were  compelle(I 
to  gi\'e  up  and  _fal 
back,  defeated  in weir 
d f  r 
purpose. 
0 
bk 
a  more  Y U  nera  J 
ttack  an 
pomt  to  a  < 
• 
, 
. 
cCJl[fl· 
] 
. ·1kt' 
hxmg  on.  t  ie 
1
he detenrnned 1_? 1
' 
, 
'
t  ttorr  ~ll 
·1  Jes1)crate 
. - :lfl I  . 
. 
' 
crush  it  "'1~h  )1!!>  '-~r,l 
lery.  Bring1ngfo 1~1 ·ht' 
!1ea,.,.  cannot ..  , 
I  ' -
·tic  fift 
-r.) 
openeJ  a  tern  1 JiJI 
t'f\' 
upon 
~n:e.c:  'fht' 
and  its  '1c1nit) · 
.  10 
F »deral  <'Teat J:!Ull"•re-
,  ef 
the  numbl!r  0 
spon<lel.  :1_'~~  ·f ul  c:1P(cid:173)
the  most  ft,11 _ 
... ~(tl 
.>f \\·11Jlt· 
nonat cs C\  ,_ 
pl"' 
, 
l•L'r 
was  begun.  .  n'ulltr~ 
hours  thl: 

Lee  DO \\'  Iooke 

f  JX"• 
l  lHll 

C 

· 
. 

i 

I 

;:-. 

, 

• 

l 

~ 

FLAG  OF  'l'RUCE  FROM  THE  CONFEDERATES  FOR  A  SUSPENSION 

OF  FIRING,  •ro  BURY  THEIR DEAD,  AT  PORT  ROYAL,  s.  c. 

ately  dispatched  orders  to  the  different 
corps  to  march with  utmost  speed  to Get(cid:173)
tysburg, and then  started off himself,  reach(cid:173)
ing the  place  a  little  after midnight.  Lee 
also  concentrated his  forces  that nig ht and 
prepared for  the  great  battle  of  the  morn(cid:173)
ing. 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

B.ATI'LE  OF GETrYSBURG--A  TERRIBLE  CANNONADE-LEE'S 
RETREAT-A  GALLA.NT  CHARGE-0.APTURE  OF  RAP(cid:173)
PAHANNOCK  STATION-THE  ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC 
GOES  INTO  ""WINTE R  QUARTERS. 

SOLEMNLY  the  morning  of July  2d,  1863, 
opened  around  G ettysburg.  Preparations 
were  being  made  on  all  sides  for  a  great 
battle.  Troops were coming  in  from  every(cid:173)
where to  swell  the armies,  soon  to  close  in 
mortal  combat.  Promptly had  the  divisions 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  responded  to 
Meade's  urgent  call,  and  they were  all  in 
their  appointed  positions  by  two  o'clock 
that afternoon. 

The  Federal  line  of  battle extended  for 
nearly  five  miles  along  both  sides  of  the 
heig hts  from  Cemetery  Hill,  which  over(cid:173)
looked Gettysburg and  the  field  and  wood(cid:173)
land  beyond.  Howard,  with  the  Eleventh 
Corps, occupied  the centre ; next  to him,  on 
the  right,  was  Slocum  and  the  Twelfth 
Corps, follow ed,  across  the road, on another 
hill,  by  the  First Corps;  on  th e  left was  the 
Second Corps, under  Hancock, and Sickles's 
Third Corps.  Hill  held the centre of  L ee's 

cAVALHY  SJCT l-t,\HSH •l 

OF  TIIE  BLUE  RIDGE. 

b  t8  AJJVA  CING  ON  'l'IIE  CO  FEDEHATE  POSfTIO~ L  THE  PA '::l 

F.1.  _JS.  L..:.  Lil:. .. 

JLLC  'TR.1TE1  J/i .. YFORJ"  c F  1HE 

fl"/L  ivAR. 

i 

i 

.1t 

t.ie 

. -lo.;  -.  Lt  , 

rt un,l 
r :t  1. 
rat  t  , l. r 
' 

,•.  with 
· 1: 
'. 
,  Hllll ~ ~  . 

r'"\·erb "rati  ns 
l  rtkred  a 
;.1llant\·  his  m ·n  c•be\'ed 
In splen ~id  L rder  th ,~:ad­
; 
he~1,·~- column~.  The 
,, n ·ed  1.pidly  111 
ii  \_)f  shot  and  shell  had  no  ter(cid:173)
.;t ·a  ,. 
n.1rs  l )r  t  l  ' 1_ l  :  on  ti  ey hur:ied.  an~l  e~·en 
the  l·eder..lls.  r  s ·n  in~  their  flre, 
w l<.'ll 
~ey _intc  :heir  :.m  s  t.h:u  an(cid:173)
l  ured  ~ 
ni  1ii  ted 
.i .
ip  tL 
·.,, 111  <. 
-~.1:  ,,;1. r.;e  was  ·hec ·ed.  The gun· on  the 
.. ,. ·stern  slope  oi  Cemetery  Hill  opened 
r :11:. ·  1  with  g-rape  and  canister  with 
,,. 
;1~ - 1 .nriul effe  t  th:n what \\"lS  left  f  them 
tk ~  111  ·oniusion.  A.t  sunset  the battle  of 
~  m·sbPr_; wa - OYer.  the Lon federate·  had 
• l-'~ · at eYery point.  That  night 
presented  n  awful 
·ight,  being 

' 
t1  eir  hrst  lme.  they  stLI  kept 
•  nd  d. shin~  o\·er  the  ritle  pits  and 
:. · e  guns.  bayoneted  or  dron~  ti1e 
:  :1\\":l~.  but sut1  enly their triumph(cid:173)

· 

11 

\\"hen  :\ Ieade  toll  wed  Lee  _re(cid:173)
'  up  •  stron"'ly  def en::m·e 

erate- w  ·nt  up  the  ~henandoah  \'alley. 
.\-ter  se\cr.t'....;  irmi-hcs  in  the  111-..untain 
pa ·ses. th  ConieLier.itc...;  mana~c I to dc;rn.in 
:\Iea~le  <n  :\Lrnas::-.1s  -;ap  in  a  hc~n·y skir(cid:173)
mish.  while 
c  • h,1,:;tcnetl  thr  u~h L'h  ster 
Gap, :rnd  cros·ing  the  R~pJ ahanno-::k.  t00k 
•  position  Q.ct\Yecn 
that  .str ·am  and  the 
R;1pid;:-.n. 
treated  and  tl 
position  beyond  the  Rapidan. 
Lee now  determined  to make  another at· 
tempt  to  capwrc  the  national  capi~.il  by 
turni1w·  :\Ieade' - ri<.,.ht  flank  to  ~arn  his 
rear,  a~d then  going on  rapiul~  to.\\. asl.1-
ington.  Lee  partially  succeeded 
11~  his 
flanking- moyement.  and  the two arm1e ·  at 
once  _tarted  northward,  one " ·ith  the hope 
of  reaching  \ \' ashington,  the  other  with  .a 
determination  to  <Tet  a  position  where  it 
could  pre,·ent  theb accomplishm~1~t  of  the 
other's  pu . pose.  After  an  exc1tmg  race, 

f 

. I 

ar 

to  ' 

. l 
;  . 

l  Lee now  fell  back_ w 
bank  of  l\l 1ne 

. 
l_,en  ·r. 
. 

were  thus capture< . 
l 
.1  line  of  d  ·fen~  s  on.  t  1e 
b  1 ·  I  the  Rapidan. 
Run,  e  Hilt 
.\ few w~ ·k~ a  ten\ ar  v 

' 
.e  :-_ ann). 

·con  ma  c  a  pe  ::. 

cl  t !'\ ov •mber 26th 
..  1  l 
I 
attem1)t  the  c11-.  oc g-
.  I  \\'  ren  wa:-
~Ieatlc  decll cc 
.  force  and  upon 
ment  of 
::-ent  ~he.HI  w1tl.1  .... t_11~f  the  def en:-<: o:;  he. 
reachrng  the  ' '1c1111lt:  o 
r ·onal  r 'connoi::-· 
. l 
wit 1  ar~  e::.  I . i  t 
•nt\·  of  hi:=.  men  were 
sance.  111  w 11c 1 
h  vinO"  made 
'' 
k'll  ·cl  or  wounde I. 
"' 
..,  \\'arr~n re:;  ln·cl  to  n~, ke ~n ~t-
I ~- c 1 
er  ume  in 
11 
tack.  the  next  mornlll,:!';  ut.  io_in.,. 
l  . 
. n  u\'rinfr  in  an  unknown  cou1Hr~.  t  1e 
t  ~- with  nothin•r  accomph:-ih_ed. 
dm,1 _  . 
.  rr  \ \  ar 
J.\  \\en 
Tl~en  ~[eade  decided.  a  ter 
port  to  make a  ~eneral  a. :-ault  on 
·  l  k  h  next 
rtn s  n: 
the fortifications  at e~ght .° c oc 
• 
m ·1n•".  but at daylight  it was  foun~ t:iat 
l' 
h' 
.. 
n10 
Lee had entirely chan ~eJ  15 
!ne_. 9unn'": 
the  night,  anJ  was  so  strongly fort1hed  a::-

••• 
I hen, 

eann_.:-

1- 1.lll.  • 

t  e 

,..,  . 

. 

.. 

. 

.. 

l 

.  ' 

. 

· . 

' 

1 

f 

h 

a 

. 

. 

, 

THE  W.\R 

IX  G£1J RG-Ll.-THE 

"I.S.T~'TH  .llDIT  CORPS  FORDD\G  TEE  HA..TTAHOOCHEE  A..T  RO  'WELL" 

FERRY,  JULY  10nr,  1864.. 

·  ,·ered  wirh  the  dead  bodie  of  men  and 
.or~e- The lo - e· amoumed  to  more  than 
~ 3.000 men  on  the  Federal  side.  and  about 
~o.ooo.  includin o- q.ooo  pfroner-. on  the 
-....  nfederate. 

: 

•  :· 

1  rrreat wa - the importance of the battle 
that  the  triumph  of  the 
.J ·ttysbu rg-
hd~ral arm\·  moYecl  th e  Pre · ident  of  the 
L'ni  ed .:t  re.- to recomme nd theob·en·ance 
of  Aug-u:-t  r -t h  a:>  a  da\·  of  thanks!!i\·ing 
therefor. 

· 

~ 

·d '' ·ick.  \\ ith  th.. 

With  the  trarrment:;  of  his 

·harrered 
army  Lee  began ~a retreat  toward  \·irginia 
n the  evenino- of  the da\·  after the  battle. 
Hp  r ·cro  ed .... the  Cumberland  ~fountain­
~nd  prP  ed  on  to  tic~  ~  1tomac.  pur  ued 
J; 
._  ~h Corp5>.  Lee 
'l  1t.:<l  to  hold  the  :  _ ' _ ..  I:- a~  bav  until 
~ m  de  ready to cro- - the  r;ver.  whi°ch had 
\~II ·n  b: heavy rain-,  b:  pontoon 
~[  ·ade  followed  him  three 
fordin "'· 
I 
he ea  tern 
of  the  Blue  R id  e,  y}ij)e  the Confed-

r,  and  march  d  alon 

·n 

durino- \\·hich  there " ·ere  many  kirrnishes, 
the . .\rmy of  the  Potomac  rea~hed Centre(cid:173)
,·ille  Hefrrht  October  I  - th. 

\\-hen c- Lee 

reached  Bristoe 

tation 
?lleade attacked  him  and  dro,·e  him  back 
to  the  Rappahannock; then, after repairing 
the  railroad which  Lee destroyed  on  hi 
re(cid:173)
treat.  followed  him  to  Rappahannock  -ta(cid:173)
rion,  where a  _harp  battle  occurred.  The 
place was  prote~ted by se\~;al s~rong forts. 
On  the  nonh  -1cle  wa~ a  iort  with  two  re(cid:173)
doubts  containing- a  force  of  2.000  men. 
Toward  these  th~ Federals turned  their at(cid:173)
ed~"·ick direction·  an  a'. 
tention.  General 
·a ult  by  the  Fourteenth  .\' e"· York.  Fifth 
\\"i:con'~ in  and  -ixth  '.\Iaine  Re;iments. 
The troop:;  gallantly charbed.  into  the  rifle 
pi(·  and  fons  in  the  face  of  a  storm  of 
grape.::hot  and  bullets.  and  after  a  short 
han  -to-hand encounter dro\'e  back the  de(cid:173)
fenders.  who:;e  r  treat  \\'as  cut  off  by  rhe 
Federals sweeping around  to  their pontoon 
brid~e.  ?\lore  than  I.600  men  and  -t  gun::. 

to  make  the  chances  of  uccess  extremeh· 
o  ~Ieade  withdrew.  and  the 
doubtful. 
A .. rmy  of  the  Potomac  went  into  winter 
quarters on  the  north  -ide  of the  Rapidan. 

CHAPTER  XYII. 

THE  DR.\Fl'  Rmn:  CT  ~Ew Yoru;:-}IoRlux"..:  R.\ID-(cid:173)
BlULLI..>...'"!  EXPLOIT  OF  Gn-"ER..u.  • .\ YE.r.n..Ir-B.\TTLl: 
XEAR  Tu.~"KLix.  T.E..-..-x.- TD."ER..u.  Snu:rc:nrr·s  Ex(cid:173)
PEDITiox-Bltil.iO  E>.\CTilT..S  C'H.UT.~-o...•G\.. 

. Ix the  ummer of  1  63.  feeling the nt.ce  -
s~t)- for  a  larger  force  of  troop-,  the  i  ·a(cid:173)
t1o?al. Con~res~ amhorized  a  draft,  or cor. 
·cnpt1on.  to  fill  up  the  rank- of  the  arnw, 
and  tl:e  Pre-i<lent  immediately  put  it  into 
o.perat1011.  Thi- act  met with  th  oppo_ j. 
t1on  of  the  p::i.ny  oppo_  cl  to  l\I r.  Lincoln\ 
aclmini:tr.ation.  The speech  ~  of  the lead(cid:173)
f. th1:;  party and  the  utterances  of  th 
ers 
:>r• ·s ·  m.  ympathy  with  them  a~ain t 
th 
~iraf ~  ·o i~Bame? somt of the 1  wer  la~  ~ 
m  ~c:w \  ork  city that  th~y ro..;e  in  a  mob 
and enter.~<l upon a  ri•  t  the1e  n  July  I 3th. 

FRANA"  Lh',\LJE'.">'  ILLUSJRATFD  !/!.\'TORY  OF  Tllb~  CIVIL  WAR. 

l 

s  1 \.l) l:t 

l h -.)'  tle ·t.  .  l  h 

Pt·-~rl  three d~rs  they  er ·ated  a  terrible  dis-
til  lance. 
t  e  te enTaph 
. 
wi.r  ·s.  p~radcd  the  streets  with  ho~rible 
cncs agarnst  the  draft.  and  plundered  and 
murdered  the  colored  people. 
lnnocl.!nt 
men  and  \\'Omen  ''"ere  clu bbeLl  to  death  or 
hanged  on  the 
lampposts,  and  a  larn-e 
orphan  asylum  for  colored  children  was  ~t­
tackcd  and  burned  to the  oTound  while the 
fleeing  inmates  were  purs~ed an~l many  of 
the.m  captured,  to  be  cruelly  beaten  and 
m::ume~l.  . :\I.:u.1y  colored  peoi)le  had  to  fly 
for .their. b·e ·  111to  the  country.  Finally the 
police, a1deJ  by armed  citizens  and soldiers 
~ram the.forts  in  the harbor, suppressed  the 
111·urrect1on.  Full· 200 persons were  killed, 
and  property  to  the  amount  of  at  least 
$2,0oo,ooo was  destroyed. 

It  wa ·  at  this  time  that  John  l\Ioro·an 
the  guerrilla  chief,  made  his  famous  ~aid 
through  Kentucky,  Southern  Indiana  and 
Ohio.  He  went  swiftly  from  villao·e  to 
villag~e,  p~underin.g. destroying and le~ying 
contnbut1ons.  His purpose was  to  o-ive  the 
signal  for  the  u1)risino- of  the  Sece~sionists 
. 
m  those  States.  But he  was  unsuccessful, 
and  was  soon  captured,  with  many of  his 

b 

early  in  April, with  about  9,000  troops,  for 
the  pu1 pose  of  seizing  that  city,  and  t.hus 
be  able  to  g-o  on  and  capture  Nashville. 
But  in  the  battle  that  followed  with  the 
Federal 
forces  under  General  Gordon 
Granger  he  was  defeated,  and  he  retired 
to  Spring  Bill. 

In 

Meanwhile  Rosecrans was  not idle. 

the latter part of April  he  sent out  an  ex(cid:173)
pedition  to  Georgia in  the  hope  of taking 
Rome,  where  the  Confederates  hac.l  large 
iron  works,  and  Atlanta,  the  centre  of an 
import1.nt  system  of railroads.  The expe(cid:173)
dition  was  led  by  Colonel  A.  D.  Streight, 
and  lcf t  N ashviile 
in  steamers  for  Fort 
Donelson, from whence  the  troops marched 
over to  the  Tennessee  River  and  up  that 
stream 
to  Tuscumbia,  where  they  were 
mounted  on  horses  secured  on  the  ·way. 
Then  they  moved  eastward  through  Ala(cid:173)
bama into  Georgia,  in  the  rear  of  Bragg's 
army.  They  were  getting  well  on  the 
way  to  their  destination  when  a  body  of 
cavalry,  under  Forrest  and  Roddy,  set  out 
in  pursuit  of them.  A  lively  race  ensued, 
and  it was  ended  only  by the giving out of 
Streight's horses and ammunition  when  he 

1 if  0 eneral 

\Vith  thi s  plan  rn  v1  ~\',  }{0 

and  south  and  gain  h is  ant:ago~i t's  r  ar 
when  he  ,..ould  l e  cut  off from  h1  1Ja 
r · 
suppl ie.  and  be c?mp  ·11 ·? to. rctr  at or giv ~ 
·er  r. 
battle. 
J homa  an 
took  the  corp 
1'1cCnok  acro ss  th e  J  · nn ·ssc·e, a  ft·w  iniJ~.ll 
'hattanoog a, a nd i.v ·~ t up th  Look. 
below 
out Valley and  took  possl c;s1on  of Looko 
l\Iountain.  Tlwn the  r •st  of th  army,  u~~ 
c.lcr  Brigadier Gen e ra l.  I Ia z •n, wa  left  with 
onlcrs  to so  arrange  Itself that  the  c:nem\ 
would  think  the  whol e  forc e  was  still  0
· 
the north  shore of the ri\'er.  The. e urde~ 
were  so  well  ca.rried  out  that  Bragg  \\as 
thorou(lhly  deceived  and  kn ew  nothirw  , f 
J 
Rosecrans's  movement? until  the latt ·r \\ a~ 
far  to  the  south  of  him.  Bragg  imrnedi, 
ately saw  the  danger  of being cut  off  from 
his  base  of supplies,  and  at  oner: broke  up 
~1is camp  and evacuated  Ch~tt~nooga, pass. 
mg through  the  gaps  of  I\l 1ss1onary  Rid(re 
to  Chickamauga  Creek,  near  Lafayette i,. 
'  · 
Northern  Georgia. 
·when Rosecrans heard of Bragg's retreat 
his  army  was  scattered. 
I\IcC oak's  corps 
was  forty-five  miles  away  up  the  \'alley; 
Thomas  was  down 
the  valley,  thirteen 

I:> 

b 

. 

SIEGE  OF  CHARLESTON,  S.  C. - FEDERAL  SHAR.PSHOOTERS  APPROACHING  FORT  WAGNEH  BEFOHE  THE  EYACUATION. 

followers, 
in  Southeastern  Ohio,  late  in 
July.  The  remainder  of  his  band  were 
killed  or dispersed. 

A  brilliant  exploit  was  performed  by  a 
troop  of  Federal  cavalry,  led  by  General 
Vv.  \V.  Averill,  in  December,  1863.  They 
were  sent  to  destroy  the  East  Te~ne.ss~e 
and  Viro-inia  Railroad  in  West  Virg1111a, 
and  so  ~uccessfully  did  they  conduct  the 
raid  that  they almost  entirely  cleared .that 
State of  armed  Confederates,  a~d ~enous­
ly  interrupt~d  r~il~o~d  commu111cat.10n  be(cid:173)
tween  Lee  m  Virg1111a  and  Bragg  m  Ten-
nessee. 

After the  battle of  Murfreesborough  the 
two  opposing  arn;iie~  of  Ros~crans  and 
Brao-o- remained within  a  few  miles  of  ?ne 
otl~er until  June,  1863.  In  the meantime 
~l~e cavalry forces  on  botI:  sides were  busy. 
The Confederates,  early 111  February,  sent 
4 000  mounted  men,  under  Gene_:als 
~~ ort 
z~har'ton  and  Forrest, 
1.  n  But they failed  and were  dnven 
D 
b  k  Then General Van Dorn, wit 1 a  con-
si~~r.able  force  of  cavalry,  attemp.ted.  to 
~eizc Rosecrans's  supplies at  Franklrn, J~St 
bel~w Nashville, in  March, but w.as attacked 
.  d  d ,f ·ated  by  General  Sheridan.  V, an 
th .  army  and gettrng 
c1n 
k 
Dorn went  bac 
re-enforcements.  reappeared  near 
ian  m, 

to  capture 
·  J 

,  F.  kl' 

one so  · 

c  e 

to 

c 

t 

was within  a  few  m iles  of  Rome.  The pur(cid:173)
suers  fell  upon  him  on  May  3d,  and  his 
condition  compelled  a  surrender.  Streight 
and  his  men  were  sent  to  Richmond  and 
confined  in  Libby  Prison,  from  which  he 
and  one  hundred  other officers  afterward 
escaped  by  burrowing  themselves  out. 

Rosecrans  organized  the  Army  of  the 

into 

three  divisions,  com(cid:173)

Cumberland 
manded  respectively by  Generals  Thomas, 
McCook  and  Crittenden,  with  the  inten(cid:173)
tion  of  moving:  on  to  Chattanooga,  in 
Northern  Georgia.  The march  from  M ur(cid:173)
freesborough  began  late  in  June.  Brao-o· 
left  his  intrenchments  on  the  line  of  th~ 
Duck River at the same  time,  and fell  back 
to  Tullahoma;  then,  findino-
that  Rose-
b 
crans was  coming up  and  seriously menac-
ing  his  flank,  he  quickly  retreated  from 
ther~ toward  Chattanooga, closely pursued. 
Pass111g  over  the  Cumberland  l\Iountains, 
Bragg  crossed 
the  Tennessee  River  at 
Bridgeport,  destroying  the  brido-e  as  he 
left  it. 

b 

• 

f 

.  c 

The  Army of  the  Cumberland  reached 
the Tennessee late in  AuQ"ust,  when  Bracro-
I:><":> 
was sa e  rn 
hattanooga.  Rosecrans soon 
saw  that the  city was  in  too  stroncr a  posi(cid:173)
tion  to  be  taken  by a  direct  atta~k, so  he 
made up  his  mind  to  flank  it  by the west 

~ 

miles  back;  while  Crittenden  was  on  the 
river,  only  eight  miles  from  Chattanoog.a. 
Rosecrans,  supposing  the  enemy  to  ?e  111 
full  retreat toward  Rome,  ordered  Crrtten· 
den  to  move  up  the  Chickamauga  Creek 
and  take  position  at  Gordon's  :\Iill,  where 
the  road  from  Lafayette  to  Chattanooga 
crossed, so  as  to intercept the fleeing arn1Y· 
Just  then  Rosecrans  learned  that  Brag~ 
mstead  of  rapidly  retreating,  had  turne( 
about and ·was  preparing to march  back or 
Chattanooo-a. 

1 

1 

1 

~'=>' 

To  say~ Crittenden,  if  possible,  {ron~ 
destruction  by Brao-o- Thomas was  order~t 
j ·-
nt~1n 
to  mare 1 wit 1  all  haste oYer  t 1e  mou 
learned  of  : 1~!:> 
to  his  support.  Brao·cr 
l H1nu· 
:::>""' 
m°'·ement, and  at once  sent Genera 
. 1. 
through  wh~~'i 
man 
to  Stevens's  Gap, 
Thomas would  have  to  po.ss  so  a - to  h 
C. rer.· 
' 
r~:,t,~ 
the ,la~ter .and allow Polk to  fall  on 
dens  isolated  position.  For  some ft· - 1
, 
or  other  neither  of  these  t\\'O  moYcOlen_: 
i;rt'~ 
was  made, and so Thomas'' J.S ab e  to 
·r 
ti 
1e  gap,  a  ter  send111g  1  l'g  ') ~ c:  ·  ideJi'~ 
'1t11H  I 
a.nd  push  do\\ n  the  yallc)  to  l  nrt  1 
side. 

1 
t ·' 

I 

f 

. 

. 

T 

i 

l 

\ 1' 11 

ortlert::~l  w_ 
I  111·1"  11 
1 · 

I\IcCook  was 

then 

Th 
.  omas, and at m idnigh t  11s.  ' t. .. u  -~ -f0tl·c 
111  motion 
,~,·, 
,  ..:;  Yl"' 
. 
down  Lookout \ ' :ille\  and :icr  S"  - t 

13\·  t  l k ,'11,~  an  1nti.:· 

;:,. 

• 

• 

' 

.rL?A.NK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  T!IE  CIVIL  WAR. 

L;ap  he  manag-ed  to  elude  a  body  of  Con(cid:173)
kder,nes  sent  to  intercept  him.  Rosecrans 
iH)\\'  concentrated  his  army  as  much  as 
pMsible, and  on  the morning of  ~ep tember 
1 qth  it  stretched  along- the 
h ickamauga 
Creek  from  1ordon's 
lilt  toward  the..:  slope 
of  :\Iissionary  Hill,  with  Thomas  on  the 
left,  Crittenden  in  the  centre  a;1d  l\IcCook 
011  the  right.  Bragg's army was  arranged 
on  the  opposite side of  the  creek. 

CHAPTER  X\'III. 

H.\rTLE  OJ:'  CmcK.\)Uro.1.  CREEK-ROSECRANS  DRIVEN 

B.\cK  rn  CH.\TT..1.xooo.1.-THoMAS's  GALL.lNT  STAND(cid:173)
.. GIYE  TUE)!  THE  COLD  STEEL! " -LI'.1.'TLE  JOHN 
CLE11  .1:-<D  'rUE  CoNPEDERATE  CoLoNEL. 
Tm:  battle  of  Chickamauga  Creek 
opened  on 
the  morning  of  September 
1qth.  1863.  General  Croxton  received  the 

them. 

bravely  for  a  time  they  could  not  long 
resist  the  heavy  human  tide  that  swept 
Forced  back,  . ~hey 
down  upon 
wheeled  their  batteries  into  new  postt1ons 
and  hurled shot  and shell  into  the  ranks of 
in  v~in. 
their  advancing  foe.  But  all 
Steadily  the  Federals  advanced,  breaking 
the  head of  each  column as  it  tried  to  stop 
them,  and  sweeping  over everything,  until 
the field was won  and  the Confederates had 
been  driven  back nearly  a  mile. 

While  the  battle was  raging  on  the  left 
the  Federal  centre  was  assailed  by  Polk 
and  Hill with  such ardor that it was quickly 
forced  back and was about to  break  in  con(cid:173)
fusion  when  General  J.  C.  Davis,  who  was 
on  the  riaht  came  up  and  stemmed  the 
current fo~ a
erates  immediately  appeared  and  rushed 

moment.  But fresh  Confed(cid:173)

1 

I 

1 

to  face  wit 1ou 
f  ·1  1 · n every attemp 

l  r red  furiously  upon  the 
in  great  haste,  c'l'~ (~two armies  now  stood 
t  < ither  sicli•  having(cid:173)
Confederates. 
.  1
l'uL  1fr~r1g  had 
face 
; 
t'Lo brc:ak' R osc· 
much  of  an  ad vantage. 
b 
'1  o~ th(' morrow. 
.  1tf'11  he  withdrew tr> 
ecn  o1  cc 
crans's  line, and at  n1g  l 
prepare for another strugg e<l 
.• silv  that 
The  Federal  army  rcstc: 
It  had  suffcrcd  great Joss.cs  during 
.  I 
tl'ngha<lbeengaincd.  Al-
n1g1t. 
·  d 
the day an  no  11 
t  by  the 
though  the  trooI?s  wcreb~  tire 
o~1f  having 
stru  ·gle  and  thirsty, 
bee!f dr{ven  from  Chickamauga Cree..:\ to a 
Jlace  where  there was  no water,  they  -nc_w 
11 
lcl  have  to  lwh t  out  the  ba. ttle  111 
·  f  ction 
t1ey wou 
~  e _satl1s  ~t- ble 
the  morning.  But they ha 
of  knowing  that  only  their  im om1  a 
bravery  had  saved  their  army  from  total 
defeat. 

~  d  h 

ecause 

unca. 

cl 

J 

• 

J.L'\'C.l.RT  3n,  1  &1. 

Pu TS.DI, 

t  hiow.  He  had  been  sen r  wi rh 

-

m  u 

Brann  n  and  B"'air<l.  hur ed 
0  ·m  .  Then dra  in~ alJ 
• • 
·ition  a 
t)  p 
~ 
in 
to  advance.  P-e-
r  i~  d fron  . the troop 

in,  Thomas.  cral-

into  the  fray  so  fiercely  that  the  Federal 
line  was  parted  in 
the  middle,  and  the 
assailants  pushed  on  into  the  gap  thus 
made.  For a  moment it seemed as  if  thev 
had gained  the day;  but  Thomas came up 
just rhen, and while  Hazen held  the enemy 
In  check. \\"ilder's  brigade  dashed  up  and 
drO\·e  the  ad,·ancing  columns  back.  But 
onlv ior a brief -pel  ; they soon  rallied, and 
wirh re-enforcement- ag-ain came on, forcin(I' 
\\"ilder,  in  turn,  ~o falf back.  His retreat 
howe ·er,  wa ·  _topped  by  the  arrival  oi 
;:,heridan.  '~·ho, 
.Bradley'  brigade, 
turned  the  tide aaarn  in  favor. of  the  Fed(cid:173)
Then  Bradle: found  h~ms_elf rrivin r 
-ay  under an attack  ~hat, beammncr at  he 
extreme  F~deral  left,  had  drif ed  r~pidl: 
.  do  ·n  the hne; bu  hE::  •assa ·cd  by.  egle: 
ream 

"'·!th_ 

The  Confederates.  too,  were  unhappy 
over the result of  their day's  \"Ork.  Their 
~allant  struggles  to  get  past  the  Federal 
ltne and  recover  Chattanooaa had come to 
naught,  and they  must  repeat  their  efforts 
the  next  morni:ig.  But  the  gloom  that 
settled upon  their camp  ,·as somewhat di  -
pelled  by  he  appearance  in  the  night  of 
General Lona  treet, with the balance of his 
corps, that had been sent b  ·  Lee from \'ir(cid:173)
ginia .to  the assic;t~nce of  B;agg, so that the 
lat~er s  arm~  ·as increased  to  70,000 men, 
~·h1le  Rosecrans had but 5-,ooo. 

The  next  morning,  unday.  September 
10th,  the  battle  broke  out  acrain  with  a 
fierce  attack upon  Thoma!:.'s  po  ition.  'I he 
Confederate.,  made  a  gallant.  determint:d 
charO"e,  and although part of 'I homa •  lin 
: 

protected  by a  rude breast  ·or  ,  fro~ 

rml  ',  and 

b 

ood their  round  and  \  · ood,  ho  comm  do  ·n  the 

FRANK  !Ji <.'LIE'S  JLLUSJR// TE!J  }/JS 

;  TJ!E  CIVIL  1VAN. 

TORY  Of

, 

,  r  . . 

~~hich pour ·d  an  in  essant stream of bullets 
1cy  pushed  on,  rapidly filling  the places of 
1
t  1ose  who  foll  under  the  hot  fire.  As 
C~)l11mn  after  column  mclLccl  away  fresh 
\1 oops .sprang  forward,  their  leaders being 
~  ·tcrmrnccl  Lo  pul  out the  fire  at any  cost. 
fhomas  was  soon  so  hard  pressed 
that 
Rosecran~  sent 
c~lcy  to  his  aic.l,  filling 
the  latter s  place  with  'vVoocl  of  Cr.1ttcn-
, 
<l 
fhc  Con f edcratc  generals 
ens < 1v1s1on. 
tl~:n  urged  the  men.  on  to  a  last desperate 
assault.  So well  did  they  respond  to  the 
ap1~cal  that,  reckless  of  death,  they dashed 
up 111to  the very r~1ouths of  guns and cannon 
and broke the solid columns inf ront of them 
and  hurled  them back.  In vain did Thomas 
t~y to  prop  up  the  tottering  columns with 
his  presence  ~ml appeals;  one  by  one they 
c~umbled until  the whole wing  fell  back  in 
disorder.  As they rct:~ated Thomas hastily 
sought  another  pos1t1on,  and  finding  it, 
managed  to  rally  the troops  behind  it,  and 
another  stand  was  made. 

Rosecrans  now  ordered  Wood  to  leave 
his position in  the centre and join Reynolds, 
'~ho was  the  hardest  pressed  in  Thomas's 
line.  To do  this \Voocl  had  to  pass around 
in  the  rear  of  Brannan, who  stood  between 

him  and  Reynolds.  Always  on  the  lookout 
for  a  weak  spot  in  the  Federal  lin e,  the 
Confederates, quick  as  a  flash,  saw  the gap 
made  by the departure  of  Wood, and with(cid:173)
out a  moment's delay sprang into it.  Davis, 
who  moved  quickly  from  the  right  to  pre(cid:173)
vent  this,  was  swept  aside  without  cere(cid:173)
mony,  while  those  on  the  left  of  the  gap 
shared  the  same fate.  Sheridan,  who  had 
come from  the  right,  rallied  his  troops  and 
for  awhile  stood  his  ground  obstinately 
against  great  odds.  But the  Confederates 
swept  everything  before them.  Rosecrans 
himself  and  McCook and  Crittenden  were 
all  borne  backward,  unable  to  breast  the 
tide,  and  their troops  fled  to  the shelter of 
Chattanooga. 

Thomas's  left  wing  w:.ts  now  left  alone 
on  the  field,  and  he  determined  to  make  a 
stand  and  save  the army if  possible.  Gati1-
c:ring  his  broken  ranks  on  a  semicircular 
ridge,  he  poured  voller  after  volley  from 
cannon  and  muskets  rnto  the  masses  of 
Confederates,  who,  flushc<l  with  their  vic(cid:173)
tory on  other parts  of  the  field,  bore down 
t1pon  him  ,, ith  gr~at  ~ury. 
!fravcl?'  t!1e 
F<'c.lcrals  stood  the tr  g1 ound,  cllld  b1 avcly 
h~ir  erH.:mies  rushed  to  the  attack.  But 

-

l 

. 

a 

ir; 

·  · 

. · 

1  h 

f  Thorna 

S  an d  his  well-
f 
tl~c goocl pos1t1on  o  . . 
~re  too  much  or 
clin.:ct<:.d,  111cessanl  fii c wd  the Confederate 
even  the~  lJravest  man, aF  Jlin  1  back,  they 
charge  was  checked. 
th •ir 
· 1  ti 
the  .  suddenly 
to  assa1 
dec1clccl 
In  one:  dark  mass  r  , ;  rir1ht  and 
nanks. 
swung  round  on 
rear 
J1,.,1·5 
· 
· 
poured  throug 1  t  e  g 
,-th  him . 
Thomas slrnddcrecl.  All wj~ uf1 '~e killed 

to  Thoma~ · 
orge  1 n 

Fa  1 g I.  ryn 
• e( era s 

In  a  few  moments  they wou 
heck 
or captured,  for  he  ha.d  no  force  to  c  But 
the  onslaught  on  the  nght  and  rc~r. 
· 
t General (;ranuer, 
JU St at t 1e cnt1ca  momen 
1 
I 
who  had  heard  of the  peril  of  r~omas. ~na 
to  his  supp?rt  fr~m  his  p~sitio~ 
moved 
three  miles  away, arnved with  the bngade 
of  Mitchell  and  Whittaker,  under the com(cid:173)
mand  of  Steedman.  Not a  second too soon 
did  they  arrive;  Hindman's troops were  al(cid:173)
ready shouting  a  victory,  when  Steedman, 
seizing  the  regimental  colors,  le~  the  two 
brigades  in  a  gallant charge  aga111st  them. 
Like  a  cyclone  they swept  down  upon  the 
conquering foe  and  blew  it from  the  ridg.e. 
Once  more  the  Federals  were  secure  111. 
their  position.  Hindman's 
troops  were 
rallied  at  once, and charged  again  upon the 
ridge, only to  be driven  back by  the  deadly 

b 

r 

. 

XJ./. 
n~ 
_[ 

RosE<·nA."'s's  S1·ppr,1r:S 

'v"T  OFF 

(JJ'  Biwwx's  FEERY-KroxmLE  n  ' 

THE  ~fIJ,JT.Alll  D:rVlSIO.  <JF  THE 
UHE 
BATTLES  Ol:'  Loo&o rr  ?.Ion.T.AIN  ASii 
RIDGE. 
\Vm.:\'  the  Army of the  Cumberland f 
back ~o  Chattano?ga aft~~ the fi ·re  ha~ 
of  Chickamauga  its  pos1t1on  soon  be 
precarious, for  the  Conf ede;rates b\' ar~~ 
in<Y  themselves  upon i\Iissionarv R.idae•a .. .,. 
a:~ 
Lookout  l\Io~ntarn. which  commanded th~ 
Tennessee  River,  manag-ed  to  e:ffectuall. 
cut  off  all  its  s~pplies from  that direc i  · 
Then  by  a  raid  they  destroyed  ertral 
hundred  wagon  loads  coming  from  other 

b 

. 

. 

' 

SCENE  AFTER  THE  BATTLE  OF 

· 

· 

· 

"" 

ti 

;::,a111  1ey  returned  t 

fire.  Aaain  and  ao-
ti 
attack.  Then  the ,  tri  cl 
o  1e 
the  left,  but  wer~ ro~te~n ~~vance upon 
charge led  by  Reynolds  Tl 
)d  a  bayonet 
fast  closing,  and  the  Conf ~~  _ay was  n?w 
for  a  decisive  blow  Tl 
e, er ates  ralli ed 
was  exhausted  and 11  1  d 
mmun1t1on 
this  last  assault  except  the  b  mg  to  stop 
l 
ayonet.  So 
when  the  foe came on 
. 
!Stance  he  shouted  "c· 
d
Stn ·ma 
ive  ~hem the  cold 
steel!"  Forgetting tl1  . 
sprang  orward  and 
s,  11s  men 
steadily  that  the  Co c ~a~ged so quickly and 
fied,  and  the left wi~~ e  feRtes  turned  and 
was  saved. 
osecrans's army 

e1r weannes  1 . 
l 

1omas s  a 
e  1a  no th· 

anc  reached 

·k· 

·  · 

f 

' 

0 

The  next  niaht  Th 

""  · 

f 
o 

e  victor)· 

the  field'  and  joined oty1as  withdrew  from 
1~  balance  of  the 
army,  which  had  fall 
Chattanooaa  Th  ~n  ack,  defeated 
to 
l 
' 
crates  at  Chickamau  a 
t 1e  onf ed-
21 !ooo  men,  killed,  ~vo cost  them  about 
prisoners.  Rosecrans 1  uncled  and  taken 
nearly  one-thin_! of 1.  ost about  19 000 
. 
· I 
, 01 
en  1  army.  B 
sit es  this,  he lost  ., 6 
8 
e-
,450 sma 1 arms. 
caissons and 
. 
One of  the  ma 

11s  spl  d'tl 

"  auns  "'0 

was  the  exploit  of  a  li~  ent  of  the battle 
volunteer named  J oho  ~~e  twelve-ycar-olJ 
1au.  be 

em.  He l 

. 
'ny inc d 

' 
• 

l 

.1 

i::. 

. 

' 

-

FRA.1\7{  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTR.1 TED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 
1 

. 

' 

' 

111  pontoons  and 

picked  0~1t anLl  leLl  by Gcnc1«1l  l Iazcn, were 
placed 
lhtboats  and 
pushed.  out  i~1lo  the  str~am,  down  which 
the\' drifted" ithout  ~he aid  of  oars, arouOLl 
~[occasin Point, inf ront of  Lookout l\Tount(cid:173)
tin.  They soon  made  a  landing,  and while 
the  boats '"ere ro,,·ed  across  the  river  to  a 
point  where stood  the balance  of  the  4,000 
troops,  who  had  secretly  marched  thither 
by  land, a  strong  position  to  resist, the  now 
alarmed  enemy  was  secured. 
\\hen  the 
whole  force  had  disembarked  the  Conf ed(cid:173)
erates  retreated  up  the  valley,  and  the 
Federals took the opportunity of  building a 
pontoon bridge that soon spanned  the river 

was  at once detached  to charge  the heights 
while  the  other  kept  on  toward  Geary. 
Another brigade,  under  Orlan  Smith,  from 
Steinwehr's division,  which  just then  came 
up,  was  ordered  to  carry  a  hill  in  the rear 
of  Schurz.  They did  so  with  the bayonet, 
after two  desperate charges  in  the face  of a 
fire  from  nearly  2,000  muskets  and  up  a 
steep  slope  covered  with  underbrush  and 
lined with  gullies  and  ravines. 

Geary had a severe struggle against over(cid:173)
whelming  numbers,  but  being  re-enforced, 
and the  men  being cheered  by the presence 
of  Hooker  in  the  most  critical  places,  the 
Confederates  were  at  length  driven  away 

. 

' 

· 

en er a 

·  ls  Granger  anc 

t  the  middle  of  1  • o-
self  in  that city: a7\t  besieged  there  l)y 
vember  was  ,r,cgu -~ ·r'fc  continued  until  th<; 
I he  5:1~1:1 when  the  arrival  of 
Longstreet. 
l  Sherman  sent  u, 
close  of  the  mon 
.  Longstreet  1 nto  a 
.  ~  1 
G 
Burnside's  relief,  c rov~  .  . 
1 to take advanta(rc 
rapic  retrea 
,  attack up~n 
of  Longstreet's dabs_enceI--~~:;er  to  attack 
51 
B 
1er-
. f' 
rag  ; 
l3ragg s  le  t,  on 
essc'' 
. 
" ' 
cl
"k  Brarrrr's 
man  was 
irec  e 
::,s 
a  ove 
Hooker 
b 
ricrht, 
m~ved rapidly  on  the morn111g  of  N ovem-

cl 
Cl1attanooga  an 
R.d 
011  Missionary 

. 
Lookout  Mountall1, 
enn 

. 1 
Grant now dcterrninec 

1  T 
stn  e 
i_  ge. 

t  toward V irg1111a. 

g  So  or  enng 

t  cl  to  cross  t 1e 

· 

. 

'l'HE  WAR 

IN  MISSISSIPPI-GENERAL  MoPHERSON  DRIVING  THE  ENEMY  FROM  TREIB  POSITION  ON  THE 

NEAR  BROWNSVILLE. 

CANTON  ROAD, 

;111cl  opened  a  way for  re-enforcement and 
supplies. 

Hooker, who was  at Bridgeport, was  now 
ordered  by  Grant  to  advance  to  Lookout 
\'alley  and  menace  Bragg's  flank  and  pro(cid:173)
tect  the  passage  of  supplies  up  the  Ten(cid:173)
nessee.  He  started  off  at  once  and  took 
up  a  position  at \\' auhatchie,  from  which 
the Confederates attempted to dislodcre him 
before daylight  on  the  morning  of O~tober 
29t~1..  The attack  opened  against  Geary's 
11v1sion,  and  he  was  soon  so  hard  pressed 
by  overwhelming  numbers  that  Hooker 
' nk; ·cl  ~chu rz's division of Howard's corps 
to  his  aid.  On  the  wav this division  was 
urprio;cd  by a  sudden  fire of  musketn.- from 
·h  h·1· 
·  c  1 1-;  near by.  A  brigade 1rnder Tyndale 

. J 

in 

three  hours'  battle 

to  the shelter  of  Lookout  Mountain,  after 
a 
the  darkness. 
D~ring the contest_ about  200 mules, panic(cid:173)
stncken  by  the  noise  of  the  guns  dashed 
into  the  Confederate  ranks,  and  ti1e  men 
supposing  it  to  be  a  charcre  of  Hooker'~ 
cavalry,  fell  back  in  conf~sion  for  a  mo(cid:173)
ment. 

Meanwhile  General  Burnside  was  mak(cid:173)

ing  rapid  progress  in  his  efforts  to  expel 
the  Confederates  from  the  Valley  of  East 
Tennessee.  He  had  taken  possession  of 
Knoxville,  and was  about  to  move  on  and 
1om  Rosecrans  at  Chatt~nooga, when,  just 
after  the  uattle  of  Ch1ckamaucra  Brager 
<:> 
sent  Longstreet  to  the  valley  to  recover 
Knoxville.  Burnside then  intrenched him-

1':> 

, 

· 

b~r 24th.  With skill  and celerity he foucrht 
his  way_ up  the  steep.  rugged  sides  of  the 
mounta111.  For  awhile  he  seemed  to  the 
on-l?oker~ below to  be above the clouds  as 
,-' 
a  thick m1sl  concealed  his  men  fro n 
"A  h. 
\tew 
1 
t  t  is  JUncture,"  said  an  eyewitness. 
'.'the  :cene  beca~11e  one  of  most  cxc1tirH~ 
rntere:::.t.  T~1e thick  fog,  which  had  heret; 
fore  rested  i_n  dense  folds  upon  the sides  of 
tl:e  m?untain,  conce~1ing  the  combatants 
from view,  ~udclenly l1ft~d to  the summit of 
the  lofty  ndge,  reveal mo-
tn.  iolus 
gaze  of  thousands  in  the ovalle  . 
-plains  below,  a  sc~ne such< as). ~nc..  on  t 1e 
1s  witnessed 
u  once  m  a  centur ,  G , 
b  t 
::~lumns,  flushed  wit!;·  vict~~~,ra  (,ea?'s 
mth  the  foe  upon  the  rocky  ·1',  lgrap > ed 
ec. ges  and 

to  the  , 

1  . 

.. 

. 

c 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~---

.,_  ~ --

lnH!l•diJt•·l)  aftrr  t~•  c.xplo,ion 

£  h 
~1  I~  m1m·  a 
anc_I  carrfr•d  tht.:  <;t>COll<!  lrne  a  short  d1sla~c<:  lwy<Jnd 
~h1ch  ould  have  d~·CJde<l  th•,  cont1·st 
part  taking  r •fug •  111 

rhc  fort,  and  the  rcrna111d 1  r  ruruirng 

. 

• 

h 
undn·d  cannon  01wn1·d  along-
tlw_  f1_1rt,  .'uul  ri· >t1·d,  h<ilding- g-round  wiLh 

1 h<::  ~ro(Jps  adv.!nu·d  HI  g'OCJd  ordt.:r  as  far  as  th"  first  l ine~.  wlw n ·  tlwy  n ·rt•1v1·d  .'t  g>11>h~d  forw;  h1ch  ch1 ·r.k1·rl 

tt1 

tlw  r1·ar  as  fast  as  Jll>ssilile.  Th "y  wc.:rc  rallied  and  again  I 

the  f'edi·ra l  fronl,  a nd  al  half-l'a~L  1vc  W"'  at  tht•  "!P'  cha rgc;d.  rnrry111~ . 1.111' 

the  utmosl  clf'lt•rniin<,tllnll. ,  l~;illing  fi n,, w l!llH:  I hl'  (  olorc·d  U1v1 , 11111,  1111tlv1 
,sa .. 48Q lrd ,  li111  w1Lhout  $ticccss,  the  grc.tLe1 

0 11111 
.; 
.., 

.; 

()!!  1·gu ·:wrnum.t-'.l'lll>:  NJN'J'Jl 

(J()Jll!H  UllAH!llN!l 

'!'Ill;  l'.S l ;~IY 'li 

flli 
~  .  tht:  Ninth  C:  • 

IVOHl\li  111•''1'1•. ll 

,, 

'1111•~ 
• 

1.',,'1 ' 1,0HlON  Cll" 
. 

')'Ill ,  ~11\1., 
, .. 1 11r th <· 
. I 
( <1·1~ 11 •1 
ht'l' ' k" 
th1 ·111,  and  althn11•~h  q111tt .  I  'r 
111111
h1.: 
t 
L> 

f  . 
111L  wit  1  •1 .'.'\'  \\'hit i·  \\,\s 

\Mil 

,ll ' l.Y 

ulli~l'l' • 

l~l>I 
;llhn , 
linl'  1111  r;trh  si. \1·  The  Sccontl  I 11\'i'i(ln,  which  wa'  in  the  n:ntrt',  :1<\vanc~d 
,11, !wd  forna nl  ;rnd  onlt:n·1\  lo  ch.1r~t·  ,1\\ll  ~;ury  the  n.:'t  of  the  .lull 
11  ~in  .t<h  md ng.  the  gr<"<ilcr  numbt;r  ,t:cmcd  tu  bccumc  utterly  <lcmur:thze<l, 
\icing  killed  l•r  woumlcd. 

FR./JNK  lRSl.JE'S  fl~LUSTRATED ff/STOR y  OF  TllE  C/Vf./,  IVAJ<. 

11 

· 

l 

\  ] · 1 

drovlc  him  hack  with  slaught T  fron1  11·1s 
· 
wor ·s 
•  t  H.:  result:  was  uncertain  the 
"· '. 
a\L  ·ntio1~  was  breathless  and  painful.  but 
~v_1  ·_n.  victory  perched  upon  our  stancl(cid:173)
.u els  shout  up_on  shout  rC'nt  the  air.  The 
~'·hole army, with one acconl;lnokc out into 
Joyous  acclamations.  The  enthusiasm  of 
th'  ~cen:  b :ggars description.  Men were 
fr_ant1c  with  Joy,  and  even General  Thomas 
h1~11s~lf,  who  seldom  exhibits  his  emotions. 
said  111voluntarily,  'I did  not  think  it  possi(cid:173)
ble for  men  to accomplish so  much!'"  The 
Confederates 
the: 
non.l:c:n  slope~ to  the  Chattanooga Valley 
an_d  JOmed  then- commander on  Missionary 
Ridge. 

that  night  fled  down 

.  herman,  having crossed  the  Tennessee 

River,  was  now  in  a  position  on  the  north(cid:173)
ern  encl  of  the  ridge,  and soon  after dawn 
on  J.  ovember  25th  the  attack  on  Bragg's 
concen trate<l 
Sherman's 
troops  had  to  descend  to  a  deep  valley 
before  climbing  the  hill  upon  which  the 
enemy w~ perched.  Corse, leading  the  ad(cid:173)
vance, gamed a  foothold  on  the side of  this 
hill,  and  others  quickly  followed  amid  a 

forces  began. 

~ shout and  a.  dash  they sprang up and 0ver 
into  ~he clcs<·rtccl  clitch  beyond.  Then  up 
~he ndg-e  they  climbed.  Slowly,  but stead(cid:173)
ily,_ they  ascended  the  sleep,  rocky  slope, 
while.:  from  above  rocks  and  stones  and 
shells  with  lighted  fuses  were  rolled  down 
up~n  then.1.  Grant,  from  a  commanding 
c:mmence  111  front  of  the  ridge,  known  as 
Orchard  Knob,  which  'I homas  hacl  capt(cid:173)
u~·ed and fortified  two  days  bdore, watched 
his  army  rise  slowly  upward,  and  with 
intense  anxiety  saw the murderous work of 
shot  and  shell  hurled  against  it.  At  last 
the  brave soldiers  reached  the:  summit and 
dashed  over  the  batteries,  and  with  loud 
cheers  drove  Bragg  and  his  army  into 
hasty  flight.  They were pursued as  far  as 
Ringgold,  when  after  a  sharp  engagement 
the  Confederates  fell  back  further, 
to 
Dalton.  The  Federals  then  returned  to 
Chattanooga,  and  Sherman  went  to  the 
relief  of  Burnside.  The  Federal  loss  in 
the  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge  was  about 
4,000,  while  the  Confederates  lost  about 
3, 100  in  killed  and  wounded,  and  a  little 
more  than  6,ooo  prisoners. 

Sumtc;r and Chark:stnn was plannr·d.  ~ t  wa". 
arrange;d  that  I·0rt Wagni:=r,  r)~  .1<>rns  J  J. 
and, should first IJc_ s<~iz<.::d, thr.m. its guns u. r:d 
in  r.ik:ncing  I•ort  Sumtc:r and  in  dcstr0y1ng 
Charlc:ston, if that city was nr;t su~rend ·rtd. 
As Dupont did  no~ appr(Jvc  of  thi:  plan  h(; 
was  rdievc:d  early 1n  July by Admiral  john 
A.  Dahlgren. 

The expedition  started July  J<;th. 

~i::n­
c:ral  Alfred  I I. 'I erry was  first  sent with  a 
force:  to  Jam es  Island to  attract  the atten(cid:173)
tion  of  the:  Confederates,  while  Gillmore 
suddenly landed  a  large  number  of  trur;v; 
on  Morris  Island,  and  forced  the:  Confc:d(cid:173)
erates  there,  with  the  aid  of  batteries  on 
Folly Island, to the shelter of Fort ·wagner. 
After doin<f  this Gillmore planted  batteric:s 
across  the f.sland.  Then  on  July  11th  his 
forces  made  an  attack  on  the  fort,  but 
being  repulsed,  a  simultaneous  bombard(cid:173)
ment  by sea  and  land  was  determined  on. 
On  the  18th a  hundred great guns  opened 
on  the  fort  from  Dahlgren's  fleet  and  from 
the  land  batteries.  At sunset the same  day 
Gillmore's 
re. 
enforced  by  General  Terry  joining  him 

forces,  which  had  been 

THE  WAR  IS  LOUISIA..'\'A-BATTLE  OF  MANSFIELD,  BETWEEN  GENERAL  BANK8  AND  GENERAL  DWK  TAYLOR,  APRIL  Sm,  1864. 

from  Sherman's  brave  stand, 

. · obly  they tried ~o reach  the 
terrific  fire. 
lofty  heights  above,  and  ~:mg:ide  aft~r 
brigade  was  brought  to  their  aid,  but  10 
vain.  The deadly  shot and shell  kept  them 
tack  althou(fh  they  held  stubbornly  to 
:heir'  positio~.  All_  morning  the  ba_ttle 
rarfed  furiously at this  place.  Bragg.  think(cid:173)
that 
in;' 
G;~nt intended  to  crush  th~  Confederate 
'ght at a'1y  cost, withdrew  his  troops  from 
~he centre to use them  in  aiding the defense 
arfainst  Sherman.  This  movement  Grant 
h~d  ex ;ectcd  and  hoped  for.  Hooker, 
from  Look~ut 
who  hld  hurrir-:d  down 
1\Iountain  after  his  vict?ry  there,d'~a_s. im-
h. d  with  three  1v1s1ons 
r mb  the decliv(cid:173)
mediatc:ly  ispa~c  e  , 
under General Granger, t~) c i 
,  1 ft  As 
ities  in  front  an  attac 
5  ·t  "ard the 
the 
th<;y  movr;c  . in  s  . 
all  alon 
~d a 
frowning  heights the artillery 
cr< .. st  of  th'..:  ridge  opened  anc  kpou  Still 
fi 
fl'  h'ng 
. 
dec11nat10rr 
ire  t  rou 
}  d  without  me  1 
· 
,., 
• 
011\vard  thev  mare 1e 
to 
ti  y  came  ace 
.fie 
• 
·t. that s~nt 
Reaching  the  moi:ntam, 
face  with  a  long line of  n  e rr destructive 
forth  a  continuous  shower  0 
bullets.  But this did  not stop them. 

k  vrag•f s  e 
d 
·teady co  umns  ov. 

gh  the  ran  s. 
f 

W"th 

l 
. 

l  . 

d . 

h 

-·. 

. 

1 

. 

, 

l 

J 

CHAPTER  XX. 

.\1-rE~tJYJ'fl  TO  TAKE  FonT  Scnrnm-AssAULT  ON  FonT 
\VAGNER-DF:ATII OF  GENERAL  STRONG  AND  COLONELS 
8HAW  AND  Pun'AM-A  l\foNSTER  GuN-BOMBARD(cid:173)
MEl"T  AND  Di::.<>TRl;CTIO:<  OF  FonT  SuMTEU-DEsor.A(cid:173)
TION  OF  CnAnLESTON. 

IN  the spring of  1863  the  National  Gov(cid:173)

ernment determined  to make a strong effort 
to  gain  possession  of  Charleston,  S.  C. 
The  most  formidable  barrier to  the accom(cid:173)
plishment  of this purpose was  Fort Sumter, 
so  on  April  6th  Admiral  Dupont was  sent 
with  nine  monitor vessels  and five gunboats 
to  attack  that  stronghold.  At  the  same 
time General Truman  Seymour was  sent  to 
co-operate with  him  with  a  force  of  4,000 
troops,  who  took  a  masked  position  on 
Folly  Island.  But  the expedition  came  to 
naught,  as  the  .guns  on  Sumter  and  ~he 
adjacent  batteries  opened  such  a  ternfic 
concentrate<l  fire  upon  Dupont's  fleet  that 
he was driven back to the ocean  after losing 
one of his  ironclads,  the  I<cokuk. 

\\Then  two  months later, General  Quincy 
A  Gilh~ore succeeded  General  I lunter  in 
th.e  command  of  the  P.epartme?t  of  the 
South,  another  cxped1t10n  against  Fort 

from  James  Island,  moved  in  two  column.: 
to  attack  Fort  \Vagner.  One  column  wa~ 
led  by General Strong. the other by Colonel 
H.  L.  Putnam. acting as brigadier. 
trong·~ 
brigade,  composed  of 
the  Fifty-fourth 
lVIassachusetts  (colored)  Regiment,  under 
Colonel R.  G.  Shaw, the  Sixth Connecticut, 
Forty-eighth  New York, Third 
rew  Hamp· 
shire,  the  Seventy sixth  Pennsylvania  and 
li nth  Maine,  led  the  assault.  Dashinc 
forward  on  the  double-quick,  the  troop~ 
passed throug-h  an  awful  storm  of  shot and 
umter,  Cummings  Point  and 
shell  from 
\Vagner, on  toward  the fort, without Ainch(cid:173)
ing.  They  soon  gained  the  ditch  before 
it, and crossing this, they were mounting t1:e 
parapet, when  Colonel  haw,  waying to  hrs 
men,  fell  dead.  The fire  from  the  garrison 
then  became_ so hot  that every com~rnnd!n~ 
officer was  killed  or wounded,  'tron.g- hclll;-. 
among  the latter. 
o  the  brio·adc, "torn  to 
pieces,  beat a  hasty and  disor<l"ered  retreat. 
Colonel  Putnam's bricrade  now adYanccd 
and  dashed  into  the sa~e terrible  storm  of 
iron  hail.  They gained  the  ramparts.  anJ 
in a fierce hand-to-hand  encounter managc:J 
to get their feet  into  a  portion  of  the fort: 

FR.·LV.!<.."  LESLIE' 

c 

t 

. 

I 

d 

d 
an 

~  .:.  S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF THE  CIVIL  WAR. 
hut 
the  brigade  was  shattere 1 
· 
} 
·! 
ex-
• 
\\  ien  Putnam  f  11 
1austec.  an 
wounded  it  broke  and  f1cJ  baci tom~rta!ly 
trenchment ~,  leavin<Y the  beac'i1  t 
t 1e  in-
s  rewn  ,  ·ti 
vi  1 
f 
the  dead  and  dyino·.  The  C 
on  ec erates 
1 
1 SJ 
hanng- a  pec1al  hatred  for  Col 
, 
I 
1aw 
one 
~ 
because 
ie  commanded  cola  1 
l  J ·  b 
·  l 
rec 
troops 
ocly  into  a  hole ,v.tl 
' 
p1tc 1ec 
1 
I · 
1  1  a  ot  of 
Jd" 
i1 ·  negro  so 
iers.  General  Sti·o 
i 
na was so 
bad  y _wo~nded that  he  died  shortl 
ward  111  I\ ew  York. 
Y a  ter-
ld 
1 

and  the  I)latfo 
I' 
rm  put  up  six  200-poundcr 
arrott 
one  monster  300-
~ounclcr were mounted upon  it.  This latter 
oun  was  called  the  "Swamp  Ancre]"  and 
sent  I  Jl  ·  · 
s 1c  s  mto  1arlcston, five  miles  away. 
O 
ne  of  these  struck  St.  Michael's  Church 
and  destroyed  a  tablet  containing  the  ten 
c?~manclments, leaving  only  two'  of  them 
~m.?.le, one of  which was:  ''Thou  shalt  not 

cru ns  and 
t> 

..... 
;,-, 

Cl 

l 

11 

. 

· 

b 

b 

F 

cou 

Gillmore  now  saw  that  he 
· acmer  b'· direct 

not 
\\• 
capture  ort 
assau  t,  and 
b 
so 
egan  a  regular  siege.  At  tl 
. 
h  d 
1e  same 
.d  d 
time  e 
ec1  e 
to  bombard  Fo ·t  S 
1 
umter 
I 
f 
over  t 1e  top  o 
'vVaaner  For t11· 
1s  purpose 
he  had  to  construct  a  battery in  a  morass 
halfway  between Morris and  James  Islands 

o 

· 

; 

On August  I  7th the bombardment began 
by an  attack by the  batteries and fleet upon 
Fort Sumt~r.  All  day  long  it was  kept  up, 
~nd so  terrific  was  the  fire  directed  against 
it  that by nigh~ the walls  began to crumble. 
In  the  meantune  Gillmore's  land  troops 
pres~ed  to~ard  Fort  Wagner,  gradually 
movrng  their  parallels  nearer  and  nearer, 

491 

attempt the  capture  of  Charl<'ston,  its  im(cid:173)
portance;  as  a  commercial  mart  was  dc:(cid:173)
stroyed.  JI ere  is  a  picture of th<::  condition 
of the city at the time, given  by a  South~rn 
paper :  "  Here  and 
there,  a  pedestrian 
moves  hurriedly along,  and  the  rattle  of  a 
cart  or  a  dray  is  alone  heard  for  a  whole 
square.  The  lJlinds  are  closed ;  vases  of 
rare exotics droop and wither on  thf:  lonely 
window sill,  because there is no  tender hand 
to  twine  or nourish  them.  The  walk  glis(cid:173)
tens with  fragments of glass,  rattled  thither 
by the concussion  of  exploding shc:lls;  here 
a  cornice is  knocked  off;  there,  is  a  small 
round  hole  through  the side  of  a  building; 
beyond,  a  house  in  ruins,  and  at  remote 
intervals  the earth  is  torn where a  shell ex(cid:173)
ploded,  and  looks  like  the work  of  a  giant 

THE  WAR  rn  TENNESSEE - co:NFEDERATE  MASSACRE  OF  FEDERAL  TROOPS  AFTER  THE  SURRENDER 

.A.T  FORT  PILLO", 

APRIL  12TH,  186!. 

\_. 

by dri\·ino- piles  into  deep mud  and  placing 
a platfor~ upon  it.  When Gillmore ordered 
a  lieu tenant  of  engineers  to  attend  to  the 
construction  of  this  battery the  latter told 
thing  would  be . impos~ibl~; 
him  such  a 
"Th "'re  is  no  such  word  as  1mposs1ble, 
d " 
said  Gillmore.  "Call  for  what  you  nee  . 
The  lieutenant  at once  made  a  requisition 
the  quartermaster  for  "one  l~undred 
on 
men  e ighteen  feet  high  to  wade  111.  mud 
sixtee n  fee t  deep."  But although  this  req(cid:173)
uisi tio n  could  not  be  honored  the  redoubt 
was  b uilt  by  bringing  timber  for  the  ~iles 
fro m  Fc,lly  Island,  a  distance  of  ten  mile~, 
in  ra fts.  The  rafts  were  floated  to  their 
places  a t  night,  and  the  piles  dri,•en  into 
the  mud  ur.~le r cover of the  darkness, so .as 
to  keep  tht  enem\'  in 
irrnorancc  of  tt1e 
b 
movement.  For  two  weeks  the  wor  '  \\'as 
carried  on,  and  when  it  was  completed 

k 

, 

into  the  fort. 

and  digging their way,  in  spite  of  shot and 
shell, 
\i\Then,  at  last,  on 
September 6th,  they were  nea:  enough  to 
aet within  the  ramparts  by  a  s111gle  bound, 
~nd  they  were  preparing  for  a  sudden 
assault,  the  Confederates left  it  and fled  to 
Fort Grego-,  on  the point opposite  Sumter. 
The enemy·was soon driven from there, and 
Morris Island was  in  the  hands  of  the  Fed(cid:173)
I ts  guns were  now  directed  against 
erals. 
Fort  Sumt'er  and  it  soon  became  silent. 
But when  on  the night of the 8th  an armed 
force went  from  the ships  in  small  boats  to 
take  possess.ion  ?f  it  the  garrison  sudden~y 
arose  from  its  silence and  drove  ~he assail(cid:173)
ants  back  with  great  loss.  A  lit~le  later 
(October)  Gillmore concentrate~! his  heav•(cid:173)
est guns  upon  it  and  reduced  it  to a  heap 
of  ruins. 

Although  the  Federa s 

1  not  at once 

1  d'd 

in  search  of  some  hidden  trea  ure;  and 
little  tufts  of bright-green  grass  are spring(cid:173)
ing up  along  the  pave,  once vocal with  the 
myriad  tongues  of busy trade." 

CHAPTER  XXL 

l\IAssAC'RE 

.\T  L .\WRE..'<<'E.  KAxs.-A  Homm>LF  t1cE:-<F· 

COXFF.DER\TE  ATTAC'K  ON  HELE'U- GE'>t0R\T,  Tl:lJ,F 
TAKES  LITTLE  Roci;:.  ATTDIPT  TO  C.\PTnrn  Al>l::--1 
PAss- GREAT  BRIT,ux- IoxoRE~ Tim  Coxn:in:R.\<'Y 
GRANT  N .\DE  LIEUTE..'>AXT  GEXER.\L. 

DuRI  ca part of the year  1863  the  Con(cid:173)
federates,  haYing  reoccupied  Texas, carried 
on  a  sort of  guerrilla warfare  in  A rkrnsas 
and  l\1issouri.  In  Januarv  i\Iarmaduke  fell 
upon  Springfield,  !\Io.,  b~1t  being  repulsell 
with  a  loss  of  200  men,  went  back  to 1\r(cid:173)
kansas.  Then at Little Rock he g-ot together 
8,ooo  men  and  invaded  1 issouri  ag-ai n  ior 
the vmpose of seizing the  Federal  stores at 

FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 
h 

492 

a. 

l 

. 
, 1

Cape;  Girarde·~u 
raid 
,  on  t  e  n  ississippi.  His 
·,  !0 We \·er,  was  checked  bv  General 
~ T 
:  c •. e ll,  who  attacked  him  at  the  Ca  e  on 
April 2<~th. and  drove  him  out  of  the  gtate 
Other similar  bands  roamed  over  the west~ 
.  On  July  r 7th 
' rn  borde rs  of  Arkansas .
~here '~as a  sharp battle at  Honey Springs, 
In  I nd1an  Territory,  between  a  laro·e  force 
of  Confederates,  led  by  General  Cooper 
and  Federal  troops  under  General  Blunt'. 
Coo1?e1·  wc:s  defeated  and  part  of  his  force 
fl ed  mto  ::\orthern Texas.  Guerrilla  bands 
made  much  trouble  in  Blunt's  rear.  One 
of  them,  led  by  <i  brute  nam'ed  Ouantrt.11 
c2mmitted a  horrible atrocity at  fa·wrence: 
h..ans. 

\ \  i th  a  band  of  about  3 50  mounted  men 
Quantrell dashed  into  the  defenseless  town 
on  August  r.3th  and  began  a  scene of  pil(cid:173)
lage  and  violence  equaled  only  by  the 
\\·orst 
Indian  atrocities.  Houses  were 
broken  into  and  set  on  fire  and  the  citi(cid:173)
zens  cruelly  murdered.  Germans  and 
negr.oes  t:s1~ecially suffered, they being shot 
on  sight.  1 he  people  were  taken  prisoners 
and  hurried  toward  the  river  to  be  killed. 
One  man  who  was  captured  and  whose 

.\Iany could  not  help  crying 
\\7 omen  and  little children 

the  dead  bodies  pieces  of  roasted  flesh 
would  remain 
in  our  hands.  Soon  our 
strength  failed  us  in  this  horrible and sick(cid:173)
~ning '~·ork. 
like  children. 
were all  over  town,  hunting  for  their  hus(cid:173)
bands and  fathers,  and  sad  indeed was  the 
scene when they did finally find  them amonO' 
the  corps.es  laid  out for  recognition.  I  can~ 
not describe  the horrors;  language fails me, 
and  the  recollection  of  the  scenes  I  wit(cid:173)
nessed  makes me sick when  I  am compelled 
to  repeat  them." 

Quantrell  soon  afterward  (October 4th) 
attacked  General  Blunt  near  Baxter's 
Springs,  on 
the  Cherokee  Reservation, 
while  the  latter  was  on  his  way,  with  an 
escort  of  100  cavalry,  from  Kansas  to  Fort 
Smith,  which  he  had  taken  possession  of 
and garrisoned  the  previous  month.  In the 
conflict  that  ensued  nearly  all  of  Blunt's 
little  force  were  killed,  as  those  who  were 
only  wounded  at  first  were  set  upon  and 
murdered.  Blunt  managed  to  escape  with 
about  a  dozen  of  his  men  to  Little  Fort 
Blair. 

A few  months  before  this  General  Price, 

and  a  premature  attack  by the  O"Unboats, 
latte r-the  Clifton  and  the 
two  of  the 
Sachem-were  di -abled  a nd  captured  with 
all  on  board,  so  that  th e  expedition  wa·· a 
failure.  Banks  then  co nc~ntra ted hi  land 
forces  on  the  Atchafalaya.  in  the  hope  of 
bei nu able  to  enter Texas fron~  the easr  b\' 
way ~f Shre\'eport,  on  the  R'.:d  River;  hu·t 
he soon afterward  concluded  instead  to trv 
to  obtain  possession  of the  coa  t  harbor of 
that  State.  Sending  a 
large  bodv  of 
troops,  under  General  C.  C.  \\.ashb~rr.e, 
across  Louisiana  toward  A lexandria. as  a 
feint,  Banks dispatched Gene ral  Dana with 
6,ooo  more troops and some  war  \'e  sels up 
to  the  Rio  Grande  These soldiers landed 
and  after  dri\'ing  a  body  o f  Confederat~ 
cavalry up  that ri,·er,  pressed on to  Browns(cid:173)
ville,  opposite  }\fatamoras,  " ·here  they  en(cid:173)
camped,  1\ O\'ember  6th. 
\\.hen  the  year 
closed  the  Federals were  in  possession  of 
the  coast  of 
all  the  strong  positions  on 
Texas  excepting  GalYeston  Island  and  a 
fort  near the mouth  of  the  Brazos,  and  all 
the State \\·est  of  the  Colorado  Ri\'er  had 
been  freed  of  Confederates. 

The  third  year  of  the  Ci\·il  \\ .. ::i.r,  186-t, 

HE  WAR  IN  LOUISIANA-BATT 

' 

LE  OF  GRAND  COTEAU-CAPTUHE  OF  THE  SIXTY-SEVENTH 

INDIANA  BY  THE  TEllS 

T 

' 

J  . 

told 

that 

nt)' four  woun  e  , 

The  massacre was terrible. 

house  was  burned  was 
if  he 
would  "ive  the  fiends  his  money  he ~ould 
not be killed;  but when he pr?cured his sav 
in<rs  of  years  from  the burnmg  house  and 
h~ded them  over  he  was shot  dead  from 
b ,1  .  cl 
In  another place a  man  was  found 
·J~~~~c~ed  by  his  wife  and. daughter,  ~v~~ 
ihrew  their  arms  around  him  and  besg  .. 
f 
life.  but  one  of  the  ruffians  del1be1-
a~~l;~1~ush~d  his  revolver  between  the  two 
women  and fired  a  fatal  ~hot. 0 
hundred 
n~·Jled  and 
and  forty  unarmedd dm~~h~eer~ne 1 hundred 
twe 
b  'ldinas were laid  111  as 1es 
and  eigll1tyi·  v~s t~if t and made their escape. 
after  Quantrell's  cle(cid:173)
before t1c. ien 
·1  d  by  one  of  the 
The  horrible  scene 
· 
d  of  outrages  com-
Parturc  is 
. . 
I 
c1t1zens. 
!led  dark  aaes,  anc, 
· 
·  k 
cl 
cl  to  me  they sin  ' 
·nittc 
111 
' 
horrible  as  t 1ey  a  . 
parison  with  what 
W  11 
e  -
into  rns1gn1  c 
I  was  then  compe 
lyi'na 
completely 
1  · 
c.' 
f 
known  c1t1zens 
spot  where  t 1eir 
roasLcd,  in  fron.t  o  c~:e had  been.  The 
sLOrcs  and  rc~1dc1~nd  nearly  black.  W, e 
e  all  nearoes,  tiU 
bodies  were  cnsp 
di'  c< 
thou<rht  al  urs . 
lfib 
W<'  n·cogn1zec  som 

lled  to  witness. 
were 
I 

ppeare 
· fi  ance  m com 

·L Lhey  wer 
f  l  , 
l 

. .  " I  have  rea 

the  so-ca 
1 

th  s  desert Je 

In  han 

t  1Cl11· 

0 
• 

·  · 

C  0 

. -

1 

u 

fi 

. 

. 

· 

· 

r 

0 

I"> 

• 

l\IOU1\TED 

Il\FANTRY,  NOVEl\IBEH  3v,  1863. 

the  Mississippi, 

with  8.ooo  Confederates,  made  an  attempt 
to  capture  the  stro ng ly  fortified  post  of 
Helena,  on 
in  Eastern 
Arkansas,  then  in  command  of  General 
Steele.  Price  attacked  the  place  on  July 
3d,  I 863,  but  after  a  sharp  battle  was  re(cid:173)
pulsed  with  heavy  loss.  As  the.  Confeder(cid:173)
ates  then  abandoned  that  section  of  Ar(cid:173)
kansas,  General  Steele,  on  August  ~oth, 
started  out with  I  2,000 troops  and 40 pieces 
of cannon  to  attempt  the  capture  of  Little 
Rock.  He  reached  the vicinity  of  that  city 
early in  September, and arrangi ng his forces 
in  two  columns,  they  moved  up  on  each 
side  of  the  Arkansas  River.  The Confed(cid:173)
erates  Aed  at  their  approach  to  Arkadel(cid:173)
phia,  on  the  Ouachita  River. 

General  Banks,  who  was  now  at  New 
Orleans,  determined  at  the  beginning  of 
September  to  make  an  effort  to  recover 
Texas.  He  sent  General  Franklin,  with 
4,ooo  troops,  to  seize  the  Confcderaye post 
at  Sabine  Pass,  on  the  boundary 1111e  be(cid:173)
tween  Louisiana and  Texas.  At  the  same 
time  four  gunboats,  commanded  by  Lieu(cid:173)
tenant  Crocker,  were  detached  from  Com-
10ctore  Bell's  Gulf  Squadron  and  sent  to 
11
0 _0perate with Franklin ; but,  owing  to the 
~trcngth  of  the  batteries  at  Sabine  Pass 

b 

opened  encouragingly  for  the  belie,·ers.  111 
the  Union.  There  were  many signs  point· 
ina to  the  early  downfall  of  the  Confeder(cid:173)
acy.  More  than  50,000  square  miles_  of 
territory  had  been  recovered  by  the  J~ed­
crals,  and  there  were  about  800,000  Fed(cid:173)
eral  troops  in  the  field  ao·ainst  only  half 
I 
that  number  of Confederates.  The peop e 
in  the  Southern  States were  no  longer will(cid:173)
ing  to  volunteer  for  the  military ~sen·ice. 
and  the  authorities at  Richmond  were get(cid:173)
ting desperate.  They passed a  law declar: 
ing  every  white  man  in  the  Conf cc_l~rac} 
liable  to  bear  arms  to  be  in 
the  md1tar) 
service,  and  that  upon  his  failure  to  rcpoi:r 
for  duty at a  military station  within  a  ~cif 
tain  time  he  was  liable  to  the  penalt)  0 
death  as  a  deserter ! 
• 
1 
tit: 
defenders  of  the  republic  at  this  tilllC .'\ '/ 
the action of Lord John  Russell.  the Bn~is 1 
i'o·norint! 
F 
.,.. 
l. 
c 
t 'S  )) 
the existence  of  the  Conf edernre  ..Jtn  i; 
re 
issuin<T  a  notice  to  the  effect  that  no  1~10 .11 
'  t  HnWI 
f  ti it' 
vesse s  s  ou 
for  depredatinO"  on  the  commc:·i:e  ~ .  cht' 
U nired  States by  persons  employed  ) 
"sr-called Confederate  States." 

Another  cause  of  satisfaction 

be fitted out 1 n  .re a 

. 
in  c ec1c  ec  )' 

ecretar)' 

ore1gn 

.  d  tv 

lo  h 

Id 

. I 

to 

S 

1 

. 

11 

. 

I 

The  National  authorities  detenninc 

F.R.1.\/\.- LF\'J.JE._'';  lLLC'::i'l'R.l'lED  11/STORJ'  OF  T!JE  U/JL  /l'.IR. 

493 

~ 

ti 

. 

-t· 

·1· 

11 
a 

f 
o 
l 

• 
1 

. 
the  anntes  of 
. 

, 
I
'L)t  t  llS  purpos , the)'  s 'i··ct , l  t.1 
· 

w  innwnt  '''1th  ywor  tluritw 
,.., 
' 

pu"h  th'  \\Ur  _.\.!:lin~t  the  cnemi 's  of  th. 
ie  Y •ar 
, .. 
1Cll 
\.:l 
n_o"t  YtgtH·ou:  1~111tary  leader,  L'lyssc·  S 
i...,_r,1~1t.  and  ·r ·at111~  anew for  him  the  oftic~ 
tll  lieutenant  ~ ·neral  i)Llc 'li  hi 111 
111  com-
· 
d 
the  r, 1  bl', 
man 
..  I 
q  ll 
IC 
\\ 
it 1 a  l  dern11nat1on  ~o cru  h  the Confcd~ 
craq 
:is  s )lm  as  po·  1bl"  Grant  at  once 
pl.rnncLl  a  sharp  and  dccisiYe  campaio-n. 
He arranged  fo_r  the  capture  of  Richmo~1 d 
by  the  ~\rmy ot  the  Potomac  under  Gen(cid:173)
cr..il  ~I~adc,  and  for  the  seizure  of  the 
"-real  railroad  centre  Atlanta  in  ,~ 'O 
uc  rg1a, 
~ 
b)  Genera  ~ ierman  anJ.  his  forces. 

•
1 

1 

•. 

. 

• 

, 

• 

· 

'Ck 

l'~1:n~Ct'll1L't;ts_ h:  ';'P ·ct~~d  in  th· shapl'  of 
l 1 encral  \\.  ~.  Snuth  with  a  considerable 
for  ·of cav,1lry did  not  mat -rialize,  and  lw 
J\ f lcr 
wa~ _com pellet!  lo gi \'l'  \tr  his  plan. 
for  Smith  he  set  fire  to 
wa1t~n~- a  \\'
l\Iend1~n  and  slartcLl  for  \'ickshurg  with 
400  prisoners  and  5,ouo  liberated  sbvcs. 
"\!armed  ~y  this  raid,  C 'neral  J nseph  E. 
Johnston,  tn  co111ma11ll  of  Bra<l'n·'s  armv  in 
orthcrn  Georgia,  had  sent't>rc-enf orcc(cid:173)
ments  lo  Poll·,  then  in  charc•·e  of  the  Con(cid:173)
federates  in  that region, but ~oon afterward 
had  to  recall  th_cm  to  help  in def ending  his 
own  army  aga111st  a  force  under  General 
Palmer,  which  had  been  sent  J.own  from 

i'c>rn ·st  sunn 

throwing shells  with  marked  t·lfrct  inw  th<: 
found 
'on kdcrat ·  r;tn k.·. 
that  he  Cl)\IJd  •not  c;1rry  thl'  pl.ice  by as(cid:173)
:,;wJt;  so,  inst  ·all  of sittin.t.:"  down  to  a  rq.:: 
uJar  sit•gc  of  it,  Ji  '  Sl'11l  \ll1dl'r  :t  flag  of 
truce  a  dc:mand  for  the  surrender  of  the 
fort,  ,111ll  al  the  same  time  took  adv,ullag<..: 
of  the C<.!Ssation  of  hostilities  to  mun.:  hi. 
men  up  to  a position \\'here  tlwy coukl with 
almost  a  sin~le  bound  gain  the  insidt.:  of 
the  works.  ~ Bra<lfonl's  rl'ply  being  a  re(cid:173)
fusal  to  surrender,  Forrest's  men  made  a 
sml<lcn  rush,  and  \\ith  the  cry.  ". ro  quar 
tcr !"sprang· over  the  ramparts.  The  Sl:Cl\t: 
then  enact~cl was  so crud and horrible  that 

LIVE - WmGllINU 

HA'l'lO  S. 

..... ...;.. __ .. 

~._ 

CHAPTER  XXII. 

S111m  l\"i'R  Hun  .~f,ssArJU'  AT  ForlT  Prr,Low- •·  o 

1)1•.uru:u !'' 
ll n11:11u.  E.  RH. ('\Nin"  Hun •1:1:us (ll::s1rn1u  B .1NK!I 

ll.\NKH'H  ,\T'n \tl"l' •rn  HE<'OYf:H  TJn.Ml 

1'1111 •.l!  IS\',\ UI.  _:\fl,.,>illl  )(!, 

I.·  February,  1 864, 

,enernl  Sherman  at 
the  head  of 
:?<1,000  troops  started  on  a 
I ·c;,tructive  raid  through  ~Iississippi  from 
Jack  n  to  the  intersection  of  important 
railri ads  at  t\leridian.  Ev ·rything  in  th· 
\.ty  of  public  property  was  ck::.troyecl. 
Railroad  '.racks w 're  torn  up.  the  ties  sd 
on  fire, and all  th  stations an  I cars 111  ton 
th  1in1·  of march  burn  d. 
h ·rm rn'  purpo  c  w 
1a.,  and 

to  pu  h  on  to 
if  < ircum· 
· lontgorn  ry, 
f.lvor  d  it,  to  go  outhward  • n<l 
ldn 
t  ck  • tobile.  But  at  • (eridi  n  the  re-

· h  n, 

,., 

, I 

Chattanooga.  Th 'SC  two  forces  met  bc(cid:173)
t \~1ccn  Ri~ggold and  Dalton,  in  _February, 
1864, aml 1t  result  d 111  Palmer b ·1110· driven 
back  to  C lattanooga. 

f l'W  Wt~cks latn (.;('tH!ral  Forrest,  with 
a  band  of  inhuman  C(lnfvderatcs,  made  an 
attack  upon  Fort Pillow, situated on  a  high 
bluff on  the  banks  of  the  1 ississippi, .1ho\ l' 
l t was  garrisoned with  55 7  men, 
J\l  ·mph is. 
:2 6 '.!  of  whom  "t ·re  colo1nl  troops. 
l'he 
attack began on  tlH·  morning  of  ,\pril  t  ;th. 
lt  wa->  vigorously  prcssl'd  up  Ln 
tl;rcc 
o'clock  w1thot1l  success,  alLhnugh  the  Con(cid:173)
fcdcrat<'S  rn;u1:igt·d  to  !'ill  tht:  cum111.t1HI  ·r 
of tht!  fort,  i\lajnr  Booth.  whns(·  placl'  w:ts 
at  on  <'  tal  ·11 
' I ht> 
runbnat  J\'(,I)  l::r11. 
<q1ta111  fl! ~lr. hall ,  did 
good service  in  the  Jdc11St!  of  the fort  by 

liy  ~lajor  Bradford. 

a  co111111ittL''  from  the  Joint  Commitll'l'  01\ 
thL'  Conduct  and  E,1wi1llitur 's  uf  thl'  \\ ar 
;':as  appoinlcll  lo  i1wcstigatL~  th,  ,\ff.lir. 
1 hey' ivitlly des  riht•d  the l.'\'  ·nts  that  tool· 
pla:c  ~ftn thl'  su1-r  ·nd •r  in  their  rqmrt. 
wh 1ch  1 n  p.nl  \\'a-;  ,ls  f u !lows : 

"Th ·n  folio\\ L'd 

,\  scc1w  tif  cruclw  and 

. 

mtmkr  '' itlwuL  a  par.ti!  l  in  ci,·ilizcd.  war(cid:173)
farl',  which  n  'l!Lkd  but  thl'  tt11nahawl·  and 
·.·rcL·d  the  worst  atnll i· 
scalping·  knifL  to 
ties  cv ·r comn1ittl'd  hy savagL·s.  Th  ref ~. 
els  cornnwnct·ll  an  indisrriminalt.: sl tu  Yhkr 
sparmg·  1w1t  wr  :tgt:  1wr  SL'.·,  whilt:  nur 
lilark,  sohlit·I'  11ur  rivilian.  Tht:  ufti1.:"t' 
and  mc1~ . st•t•mcd  t1>  Yit~ \\'ilh  1 • .'ad\  ot h 'r  ii. 
tht.!  d  '\'1k h  \\'ork;  11u.· n.  W\lm  ·n  antl  1'\'  ·n 
chiltln·n, '' hljr ' Vl'I'  ltitl!ld,  ,,. ' r"'  d  •lib  nn 'l)' 
shut <lown,  bc.ttcn  and  h:i  h.:d with  al.11••• 
.....  ' 
• 

. I 

I 

FNANk  l.FS!.!H'S  f//J SIN. I !J:../J  J//S/ON V  OF  Tl!!:.- CIVIi .. 
c 

ll'AR. 

t 

t. 

-,..., 

c 

· 

. 

I 

.. 

•1 

·>v  '., 

ti  • 

.•.. f 

""'.""'  I ~ 

H  lllg  s  \Cit; 

'· 
' 
\\ hitl' 

\\''ls  n1'11'ttt·  l  1 

>y  L 1t·s1· 
soldier,  who 

thl'  !vu  ""  'l"  Lo  1 

, "<.11  orn·d  tn  sl:1nd  tip  'lll< I  (-
, 

"io111e  of  th<:  c:hilclrc·n 
' 111 t  mon;  than  ten 
y1·ars  old 
. 
I 
1 h!  murd1·rvrs  \\'hi!  .  J  : 
' 
·~<  <.; 
:111d 
llH;  SIC'k 
nwr  . l<  l\\~)t1.nclul  "<·rt·  liutclH:rt:d  withoul. 
t Ji  •  I 
. 
.  C.)  '  ~  ll.  I l  l )('Is  t: \' l' ll  <! ll t <' r i n n 
I  l ·· 
·'"' 
p1tal  liuddin •  . 
ios-
,...,  cllll  <  i.t"'>'incr  th e111  out  L  I  , 
0 
1 
s  lo l,  or k i 11 i n o·  t 1 • 
· 
) < 
lt n1  <ls  L 1l )'  lay  tlH!n·  una-
hi. 
...., 
,.  Lo  0 11<.:r. th'  lt:ast  n!sis tanC'c.  * *  * 
0 
~i ul'lty  wl~ich  th  '  most  fiendis h  mali•rnit 
) 
i.nuld  devise· 
,..., 
l 
rnur-
<? 1w 
< :l'L!rs. 
\\as 
\\ 011 nd1 ·d  1 n 
I I 
JC  una)  • 
to. \\';~lk,  was  madl'. to  stand  up  while  hi s 
toi mt ntors  shot  him;  oth •rs  who  were 
wound ·d  a.nd  unahle  Lo  stand  were  held 
t~ p an.d  aga1 n sho L.  *  * :;:  0 n e  man  was  cl  ·(cid:173)
lib 'ratcly  faste ned  d ow n  to  th · flo or  of  a 
ll!nt,  face  \ipward,  by mvans  of  nail s  driven 
through. his  clothi ng- and  into  the  boards 
under  him,  so  that  h  ·  co uld  not  possibly 
escapL',  and  ~hen the  t ·nt  set  o n  fire ;  an(cid:173)
othl!r  was  nailed  LO  the  sidC'  of a  buildin o· 
outside  of  the  fort  and  thl:n  Lb e  buildin~ 
:::  *  *  Th ·s~ 
set  on  fire  and  burned. 
d~ecls o f  murd 'rand  cruelty  ceased  when 
night  came  o n,  only  to  be  re newed 
the 
next  morning,  when  the  de mons  carefully 
s~ugh_t among  the  dead  lyin g  about  in  all 
directions 
for  any  of  the  wounded  yet 

l~c·cl 

~·arly.in  r8(1,f.  This  was  tfJ  b1.  done by :i.n 
1~n.ts1011  11y  way  of  the 
l'ivc:1·  and 
Shr1'\<'Jlml.  The  1;xp('dition  was  lo  hav1; 
till: co opnation  of  J\d111iral  l'ortc-r,  with  a 
n1: ·t  ~J f  g 11nlioats,  on  th .  l'c ·d  l{i v1·r,  (; l..!fl· 
·ral  S1c1:l(',al  Liltl c  Rock,  !\ rk .,  and  a  cl<·(cid:173)
Lachmc;nt  from  Slwrman's  arrny. 
.  ~h1·n11an's  troops,  l1 ·d  Ii)  Ccn  ·ra l  J\.  J. 
Smith,  wc·nt  up  Lh<·  Hcd  J>ivc·r  in  trans(cid:173)
ports,  follo;vL·tl  by Porl<'r's  g unlioat s.  Tlic~y 
capl u1:c< ~  l«>rl  de  Russy,  a nd  on  !\larch 
16Lh  Smith  took  poss ·ssion  of  I\ lexa11d ri a, 
where  lw was joined on  th<.:  26th  l>y  Bank s's 
co lumn ,  IC'd  by  Leneral  Franklin,  which 
had  mov ·cl  from  Braslwar by  way  of  Op ·(cid:173)
lou sas. 
.  Banks  now  l_ook  his  whole  force  11p  the 
ri ve r  to  N :ltchtlochcs, where  he  m<!t  Por(cid:173)
t~· r's  vessd s.  Th en  h · push ·d  011  Luwarcl 
Shn:veport,  wl_1ile 
lig hter  gu nl>oats 
wc..nt  t~l~  th~  n v ·r  ~1th  rl.  bocly  of  troops 
und er  l.  rdby  Smith.  Th e  Confcc.lcratC"s 
we re  driven  as  far  as  Sabine  Crossroads, 
wh  ·re 
th ·y  mad e  a  stand,  April  8th, 
~1nder  Generals  Taylor,  Pric<.:  and  Green. 
fh e  advance  of Banks's  army tri ed  to dri ve 
th e m  from  thi s  place,  but  th e  Confcclcratcs 
stooc.1  th eir  gro und  so  well  an<l  fou g ht  so 
despe rately, 
tha t,  even  when  Franklin's 

t!1e 

J 

I  that\ a 

l·  vi 
11dd<nly 

t hi'  Rt<l  Riv1·r  at  Al•  xandria 
!i11  sha 11 C)\V  that  t  g  t  tht 
(1( 
1l1t·  riv ·r :-il11l\•  had  to  J,  d. rnrmd. nd  th1 
Vl'  ~·'ls  l!CJatc·d  dnwn  c v •r  th ·  n 
th1 
l,r,  0111  11f  th·  tln 
t 
'J  hie.;\ •,i  dunl  \\ill 
fn·t~  thm11gh  sl11i1"  . 
gn•at  I-ill  a11d  industry und( r  th  dir 
tion 
'111011•  1 J os -ph  Bailey,  of  a 
of  I ,i1·ut1·11a111 
l  J•Oll  itc; a  ompli  h-
\Visco11sin  n·gi111<'1JL 
111c ·nt  lh c  whole•  1•  p<'diiio11  pu  hul  toward 
the  ,\fo,sissippi. 
to 
l  i·w  < >rl c:1ns,  a11cl  C1  n ·ral  1:.  l'.  S.  (  anhy 
the  li1  Id.  St  1·lt•  wn 
took  his  pl:1n: 
prev1:11tt·d  from  c·o-opc'rating with  ilw  1 XJW· 
;it  J '"Ill  in. 
di ti on  i>y  a 
son's  Ft:rry,  ()!l  tlw  S;d,in1;  l'i vc  !',  whr• 1, . 
aflt'r  a  scv1:n;  bat ti<_;  lw  was  dPf Patc•d  and 
c-01111H·llccl  to  n·lurn  to  Li1tl<·  J\ocl-. 

l~ anl·s  now  r  tu11.1 cl 

'onf1·cl1'rat1·  f otT<' 

()lJ 

Thl'  failure  of  this  <'XJ''  ditio11  and  th<' 
<'xp1il-;ion  of  Stec;lc  from  th·  rt'gi"n  lwlow 
the; J\rl  ansa" f' iv<·rl1·d  l'ric e  c·arly in  thr·:ni(cid:173)
tumn  to  plan  anoth<;r  in\'asion  of  l\J issomi. 
Secr<.::t sot i<'ti<:s  had IH;en  fonrn·cl  in  this and 
neighboring- States  l<>  aid  the• 
onfrdc;ratr· 
cause  and  to  assist  tlH;  U<'m" cratic  pany 
in  the  election  of  its  canclidat<·  fur  J>n·si(cid:173)
clcnt  of  the  Un itccl  Stal<:s 
( ~t 1wral  i\1 c(cid:173)
Clell an.  From 
l'ric:r:  tx· 
pected  he  would  gain  a  large  numl".:r  of 

thc;sc.;  !incic;ti<'s 

Tlm  WAH  IX  LOUIHIANA  cm  EHAL  FRANKLIN'l':l  Alll\iY  OROSSIN (l 

'J'Jfg 

l'H A IHIB 

fN  LAI•'AYg'J'TJ•; 

J>AHH:iJJ,  NU\'E?IJ.Blm  Hirn,  ll:J(kj, 

alive,  and  those  they  found  were  deliber(cid:173)
ately  shot." 

The  report  was  full  o f  other  in sta nces of 
barbarity,  but  these  will  s uffi ce  to  ~ l:ow to 
some extent  the  horrible  cruelty o f  J~ a rrest 
and  his  men.  As  to  the  fate  of  Major 
Bradford,  the  commander  o f  Fort  Pillow 
when  it  was  captured,  the  c;vidc:nce  given 
hdore  the  committee;  showed  that  he was 
made  a  prisoner,  and  whi le  ]Jc:ing  taken  to 
Jackson,  Tr.:n n.,  was  led  out  mto  an  open 
space  l1y  five  of  I•orrest's  men  and  shot  to 
death. 

Forrest  at once  bc:at a  retreat, and tr0ops 
w1~rr;  sr..:nt  uut  from  M<;mphis  l;y  Gc·ncral 
Smith  t()  intercept  him.  This  fo1:ce  came 
up  with  him  on  Jun~  1 otl:.  at  C.1t1ntown, 
on  the  l\·fobik  and  Ohio  Jfa1lroad, but ~fttr 
a  severe;  !Jattle  the  F~~c;nds _were  dnv<;n 
I hc..:n  Cen<;ral  A.  J. 
back  with  great  Joss. 
Smith  sd  out  with 
I 2,0<>o.  men.  to  hunt 
and  C'lJJture  or  drive  hlln  away. 
l . 
llm  up 
th 
Th1.;y  found  hirn  nc..:ar 
.' 
~nrl  d,,:f,!ated  him,  aftC'r  which  theyf  r~-
'J l 
soon  a  t<.:i -
1 '~ 11;  •.. • 
•  h 
. 
treatt.:rl 
.:\iJ ic;s1.sstppt  ~ 1 : 
ward,  wh1:n  Smith  was  111 
1 
rn_1_;t1,  F(Jrrest  !lanh:d  !11111,  <la: 1~ c 
t u,<1CXJ 
. 
rnlo  Miss1s-
.~ 1. 
mtc1 
,\  r•mp  llS  a 
,. 
~.ippi. 
Gen<.'r<..ll  Ban]  s  org-~u1iv:<l  an<Jt  H;r, ':XP,~· 
!ition  to  attc.:mpt:  the  r<.:cUV(  ry  of  lex.ts 

1 · 
to  M <.:mp 11s. 

I . .  , rid  <.:SC'LJJ'·<l 

up<~<~,  um:, J4 

l  J 

'I 

I 

, 

' 

• 

-

fk:d 

them, 

clef ea lee.I 

loss,  who 

th ey  soo n 

troops  came  up  and  a ided  in  the  a ttack 
the 
against 
F ederal s  with  g reat 
in 
co nfu sion . 
'I heir  retrea t  was  covered  for 
awhile  by  a  di vision  under  Cc·ncral  Emory 
at  Pl easant  Grove,  three  mil es  from  the 
Emory,  after  a  batll<',  fell 
bauleJlcld. 
back  with 
th e  Fec.lcrals,  who  continued 
their  retreat 
fifteen  miles  f urlhcr;  but 
being  pursued,  a nolh < r battle  was  fou g ht, 
/\ pril  9th,  at  Pleasant  I Jill.  Hanks  was  vic(cid:173)
torious,  and wished  to  renew  the march  for 
Texas,  IJlll  on  the  ad vice  of  hi s  associates 
he;  fell  l>ack  lo  Grand  Econ:,  on  th e  Reel 
J~ i vc:r, where  Porter's  larger vessels, unable 
to  procC'c:cl  hig her up,  were  anchored.  To 
that  plac<'  the  troops  under  T. Kilby SmiLh 
also  r<'turned,  after some  sharp  JlghLing  up 
Lhe  rivc..:r. 

/\s  food  and  water  could  lw  procured 
<mly  with  gr<;at  difficulty  in  that  rl'gion,  it 
was  now detc:rmi nc;d  Lo  con tin uc the  r('t real 
Lr>  Alc;xandria.  As  the;  rivc·r  was  falling 
rapidly  the  f1c~d had  clilflculty  in  passing 
the  bar  at  Grand  Ec<>n',  but  M1ccc·c  d1·d  in 
doing so April  17th.  Tht:n  the_;  army st:_Lrl1·d 
off  011  the  21st,  and  rc:aclwd  Akxa11dr1a  IJJJ 
the  27th.  The;  c•xp<·dition  against  Shnwt:· 
porl  was  ab:uHlonc:J,  and  the  land  an(.1  n_a(cid:173)
val  fore."'>  prepared  to  return  to  the  ~1 i..sis: 
'l  he:;  water  in  the  rap1<l~  ur 
sippi  l<iver. 

recruits  upon  his  entering  Missouri.  But 
LJ pon  n~ach­
in  this  he  was  disappointed. 
in g- the Stall'  in  September,  186.J,  he  fuund 
the  Secvssionisls  had  been  frightc:n<:d  and 
quictl'd  IJy  RosC'crans,  tJH·n  commanding 
the  l kpartnwnt  of  th·  J\lissouri. 
Price, 
with  Gc:nnal  Shell>y  and  20,000  1111;11,  got 
as  far  as  Pilot  K noli,  half \I ay  to  St.  Louis. 
when.,  after  a  sc\  ·r ·  battle,  lH:  was  liadh 
b_c:alc n  by  a  hrigad<·  of  Fulerals  unrlc.r 
( 1c·ncraJ  Ewing-. 
Price! was  soon  aitt•rwanl 
driven  in  disorclt:r  \\1•sLward  to\\anl  J  an 
sas  by  troops  und"r  Ccnerals J\. J.  Smitl1 
and 
ro\·cmber  lH.: 
sought  shclt«r  in  \Vcsl!'rn  Kansas  with  a 
Vt'I')'  much  shatt1·recl  army. 

l\1ower;  and  late; 

in 

C II/\ PT E JI 

..... I 11. 

J\rr.l'A'llll•·1\'11  HAW 

ll1an1 

<11  C'o1,os11,  J> .,111~a.1 s-

\I, \ 

llc\TII' 

'1111· 

11 
" 

,\Jl\t\"OJ 

'llJJ:  1'11101  ( 

1J'u:111111.IJ  Lo 

\Jon ,'1 1-.;1•  111 
OJ'  Jiii .  \\'11.llJ'.HNl:tl!i  C'os11.1<,.  A'!'  fi1•01 
D1 .1T H  111·  C:i;s11CA1,  S11111ww1 
Liu~ 
/I.  1 L\\'  n1011ths  lil'fore  C ~rant  !:il:lrted  till' 
I 'ii hmond 
1\r111y  of  the  Potomac  ;1gainst 
Cc:cwral  B.  F.  Butlvr,  in  (CJlllllHllJd  nf  thr 
I kpart111•·11t  of  Virginia  :-.ml  • To11'.1 
••  r  · 
Jina,  sent  out  an  '!X}) ·dition  ww:ir·l  th. I 
city for  th1~  !Hirpns • 0  lih ·rating- till' L'nion 
soldicri,  conlin ·d  in  l.ihb ,  Pri  on  . n I 
ll 
1Jdl1.:  I slc  i•l 

t hv  J .l:u 

l' i \'  r. 

·1 h 

FR_  XJ.:  LE  LIE' 

·~h 

.\ 

pediti  n  c  nsisted of I.SO?. troop:.  foot  and 

~  un  er  General  \\ 1.::tar.  and  _ 

;:. 

_ 

;:,d 

;:, 
-

. 
.  . 

· F  b 

h  d 
·  h 

rrreat 
~ 

'  \\  0 
:d 

·h > 
l  c  -•nny o 

pott  vh-ania  Cou  th 

led.  by  General  Kilpatrick 
t  e  Potomac 

-3 r  lry. 
f  h 
f 
ron_1 
,  'lt. 
I 
''·1t'"1ck  .::tarted  on  hi 
· 
:l 
.  k 
. 
·d 

e  reac  e  at davlio·ht ·  the 
1. 

rai  on 
e  ruarv.  Captu  · 
· 1 ,  !.1st  { a~  ot 
. 
nno- t le 
1 
•  1,  re  pie ·et  stationed  at  Eh·'  p 
.  h 
or  .  on 
i  R 
ap1  an.  wit  out  cr1nncr  the  al 
.  h 
t  lt' 
, 
I 
arm.  e 
!J.:;  el  on  to 
r  ouse 
.  .  h 
wh1cl1 
' 
-
n  on  to 
:he nrst  1~e ot  t  e  def en ·es  around  Rich-
·1 
111011,l.  which  he  took  and  opened 
an  art1  . 
:ittack  upon  the  city.  The  ·ound of 
. . ) 
·1  is .1ttack  ''"a  arrano-ed  to  act  as  a 
. 
1 
· 
- I 
igna 
tN  Lo one 
h" 
aid.  The  latter.  with  Colonel  Cooko an~ 
;oo  men.  had  been  sent  acros 
·R. 
am es 
1\"er  to  g~  own  it  south  bank  a·nd  re-
'e~:;e  t~1.e  pn ~one~s  at  Belle  Isle,  and then 
join  I:1_Ipamck 
in  the  city.  But  Dahl(cid:173)
_sren  !_ailed  to_ appear.  Lacking  thi~  co(cid:173)
of)<"rat1on  and  trndmg the defenses strono-er 

a  gren  to  advance  t 

l  D  hi 

the  T 

d 

• 

. 

· 

' 

THE  SIEGE 

·han  he supposed, and  the  Confederates in 
alarm  concentrating quicLy.  Kilpatrick was 
compelled  ::o  retreat.  He  swung  around 
Richmond t0  the  Chickahomim·, and cross(cid:173)
ing  it,  went  into  camp  on  the  other side. 
The:-e  he  was  attackeci  by  a  heaYy  force. 
But  he  . ucceeded  in  repu.sing it.  and  then 
t:ncamped  ar  Old Church  to  await  th~ ar(cid:173)
-i\·al  of  he scan:ered  detachments.  These 
all  came  in  durino- the  da\·  except  Dahl(cid:173)
,ien 's  com!nand.  ~That  omcer  had  been 
mi  led  bv a  necrrn  ""uide,  and after a  rime 
bec-ame  separat~d ~•Eh about  roo men  from 
·..,  main  force.  They fough 
their way  to 
:thin  three  miles  oi  Kiner  and  Queen 
o  r  house  "t ·here  thev  were  led  in ·o  an 
~dt:.'  Dahlgren 'was shot do  •n,  a1_1d 
but  1; of his  party killed  or  taken  pns-: 
·a- a  son  ot 

'  • ·ri:...  The  gallant  officer 

d 
T 

· ral  Dahlgren. 

•  rmy  of  the  Potomac  beo-an 
ics 
It  va  ar· 
o"ement  on 
in  t..re · corp  -the  Second,  coi..· 

fa\• 

th. 

to  o-et  into  the  gap  between  \Yarren and 
Ha~cock, and  thus  divide  the  army.  But 
Grant  pre,·ented  this  by  sending  :.Iott's 
di,·ision,  the  adYance  of  Hancock's  corps. 
which  iust  then  came  up,  and  the diyi·ion 
of  Gett\'.  to  hold  the  em:m,- until  the  bal(cid:173)
ance  of  Hancock's  corps·  could  arri,·e. 
This  wa- successfully  done.  and  the  line 
was closed on  the left. 

Then  began the  batde of the \\-ilderness. 
_fay  -rh. 
It  was  a  stran;e,  hard-fought 
con!iict.  The  ground  'rn ·  o  thickly co,-. 
ered  with  pine·.  cedar-.  hrub  oaks  and 
tanged  underbr~-h and ,-inc::- that artillery 
wa- almost  ennrely  usele-:.  and  although 
near v  100,000  men  were  engaged  not  a 
thou5and  could be . een  at one  time.  The 
contest  racred  with  great  fury  until  dark(cid:173)
ne-s put an  end  to. it for  that d,ay. 

The  next  morning at fo·e  o clock  edg-(cid:173)

wick  attac ·ed 
the  Confederates  under 
E  ,,ell  and  Hancoc ·,  on  the left,  fell  upon 
.hose' nearest  him.  Then  al  along  the 

ILLC  TRATED  HISTORr  OF  THE  CIVIL  TVAR. 

495 

·~. 

'  • 

ix 
se 

k  h  F" 
. 

·th  b  S  d 
.  "' 

mantled bv Ha 
ncoc - ; t  e  1fth  bv \\'arren · 
d 
I 
' 
an 
t  le 
·  Y  e  ''Wick.  The  arm)· 
f  l 
sa e  \' cros  d  h  R 
t  e  ap1dan, and then started 
· 
~n ~h mar~_h through the dense wood  kno"·n 
e .\\ ilderness,  heridan  commandinrr 
I 
t le cavaln·  1  d" 
"' 
• •  ea  mg  t  e  advance  and  pro-
tectmo- the  · 
immense  train  of  more  than 
-t  000  "·ao-on 
f · 
s. 
1  erness  extended 
Lon~ Chancellors:·ille to  i\line  Run.  ,,·here 
e~ s  army was  in trenched.  Lee  decided 
to  attack  the  army while  it  was  on  the 
march  throuzh this "·ooded countn-. 

. 
\\"Id 

Th 
e 

h 

"' 

;:, 

. 

Before  the  battle  opened  \\-ar~en  had 
re:iched  the  Old  \\"ilderness  Tavern,  ten 
miles south _of where he forded the Rapidan, 
and  e.dgw1ck was  on his  right with his line 
~xtendmg down  to  the ri,·er.  Grant  learn-
1~g  .that. a  battle  was  to  be  forced  upon 
hun  m  this unfa,·orable spot. directed  Han(cid:173)
cock._ who had crossed fiye or six miles do\Yn 
the n ver.  to  hasten  forward  to \ \ · arren  and 
form  the left wing.  Lee at once attempted 

b 

Federal  lint,  e.-tending  for  seven  miles 
through the  forest,  the battle rarred.  Han(cid:173)
cock's  attack  was  a  furious  one,  and  ht· 
steadily  drove  the  enemy  back  for  more 
than  a  mile. 
In  this  struggle  General 
\\'adsworth  was  especially  distinguishing 
himself by leading the charge when  he was 
killed  by a  ball  in  the  head . 

Hanc.ock  soon  lost  the  ground  he  had 
gained.  The  Confederates  rallied,  and 
falling  fiercely  upon  his  exhausted  troops. 
forced  them  steadily back  to  their  original 
position.  Then  General  Longstreet  ar(cid:173)
ri,·ed  on  the  scene  from  a  forced  march 
of  twentv-five  miles,  and  Lee  decided  to 
make  a  ~trong effort  to  turn  the  Federal 
left. 
the  Confederates 
marched  up  and  threw  themselves  so des(cid:173)
perately on  Hancock's  position  that  they 
broke  through, and  for a moment  it seemed 
as  if  they would  win  the  day.  But  Gib(cid:173)
bon's  division  immediately  rushed  up  to 

lines 

four 

In 

the  break  and  m~naged. by hard  fighting 
to  keep  the  assailants  m  check.  Lonrr(cid:173)
street  bein.z  determined  to effectualh- tum 
the  Fede~al  left.  and  Hancock  bei~z ju  t 
as determined  not  to  let  him,  the  two  bat(cid:173)
tled  with  terrible  f erocitY  for  nearly  an 
hour.  All 
through  the  ·\Yilderne  s •  the 
struggle ,~·ent  on  until  darkne  - again  put 
a  stop to  1t. 

That  night  the field  pre  ented  a  dre:in•, 
desolate  sight.  The  dead  and  wound:d 
la~- everywhere  a1ong  the  low  ridg-e ·  and 
~lopes and  in  front  of  the hastily th'i-own up 
1ntrenchments.  Grant  . pent  the  nig-ht  in 
getting the  troops  into  a  new  and  -rronrr ·r 
position,  so as  to  be  re.adv  for  the  ene~w 
if  the  battle  should  be  ·renewed  in  th~ 
morning.  But  the  Confederates  did  not 
make  another  attack  the.:  n;._. ·t  da\,  and 
Grant decided  they wer<.:  preparin~ ·  o  re(cid:173)
In order to  intercept  them and cut 
treat. 
off  Lee':::.  communications with  Pichmond, 
Grant  ordered  a  rapid  night  march 
to 

9 

FRA  K  LESLIE'~  ILL  · ...  TRA TED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CJl"IL  W  E . 

._,po  t 
at  t 'n. o'clock  h.  t  night. 

·lvania.  The  advance  .:-tart •d  out 

H  arino- of 

thi ·  mo,·cment,  Lee  dis(cid:173)
patch~d Longstr  et  to  the  . ame  place.  and 
l. race  bt: tw •  n  the  two  oppo:ing  column: 
took  plate.  Loner ·rrcet.  knowincr  the  coun-

~ 

complete  destruction  of  he  bricrade,  one 
regiment.  t 11e  I·· rst  ~lichi...,.  n.  lo-100'  three(cid:173)
fo~mh ·  of  it·  numbLr.  The  troop·  were 
falling  back in  wild  di ·order when  \\" arren 
came  up.  Dashing  forward  on  his  hor:·c. 
he seized  a  Ji,·i ·ion  flag  and  gallantly  ral-

inten. · 
doing  -o 

mi 

~-­

/ 

I 

/ 
f 

-
==----~--_.::...;:; 

l'HE  OLl.>  FL.AG 

AGAIN  ON 

i-;U:.\I'I'ER-HAU:)ED 
IL  l\1.  muoo,  OP  GE  JEBAL 

(O,  A 

>lLLl\lOHE'::3  S'l'.1.FP,  FEBB . • '.I.HY 

l ' rn.  1 'li5. 

AX 

lUH  A~\D  BO.\.TllOOK) 

l3l  C . .\.l'T.U~ 

. 
.  1 

l  S  otts)·l\'allla  fi1  "t. 

I  .  most  direct  rout<..:,  ;:ind 
t  1e 
· 
.
th.  h:deral  ,td' .1m1..:. 
fc..:G 

l. 
try  well.  too ... 
. . 
. 
I 
f  \\'arrvns  corps, 
reacH:'t 
·  P 
. .  Bart-
U  )On 
the  arnv.1_1  n 
.  I 
.  · 
\\'h1ch  ":as  in 
'(fin's  di\'ision.  w:-is  or-
,  1 . t"ld l'  o 
. 
. 
1 
l'lt s  Jt 11'.>< 
Lil,  jJlacc,  ;ts  1L  was 
• 
·J1·lrc• l'  u 1>011 
I 
:-..  , 
LI  ·r 'l  to  c  ' 
. ·tre"t  h ·1d  a  real ' 
. 
l · t 
: 
t  i.t Th<..:  r~sult was  the almo~t 
not  knO\\ n 
re, chec.l  then:. 

I 
,on••:; 

. 
1 

, n 

l 

.... 

· 

. 

lied  the  men.  :1nd  \\'ith  them  he  held  the 
Conf ·d •rates  in  check  until  tlw  other  plH-(cid:173)
fhen,  \\'ith  tlw 
tio11s  of  his  corps  arri\'cd. 
assistance  of  th'  di,·isions 
tif  l'ra\\'ftlrll 
aml  l·etty,  an  attack w.1s  made  upnn  the 
llt'.1\ y 
Confederates'  positil)n,  and 
loss  tlw  first  line  of  bre.1st\\'orks  w.1s 
ried. 

il;  tht!  next  morning  the  F  'deral 

.1ft  ·r 

-ar(cid:173)

l.tu~lwd and  callt..'d  out  to  the  nt~lrt'.t  c•1-
t'lll)  in  sight:  ·• l\1lih. m.rn.  \t1ll  ·an't  hit :in 
t•lq)h,1nt  .1t  tlut  distan(t' !"  ·  l'lw  OC'\~  1nc'i(cid:173)
nwnt  a  bulll.'t  fnim  a  :::lurpsht c'lt'r  I·' ci  n 
in  a  nea r-b\  t rl.'e  1..' 1\t1'rt•d  his  br. · n . . 1 l  l  < !l<' 
of  the  best  t  f 

''n ·  .1ls  t 'll  ,\ .1  I. 

:\ Nhing. mu  17  but  slurp sku  nis~1i~: "·1

' 

1..lvne  by  e1thl'r sid 

th.u  d.n. 

\ \  nrl 

FR.-1 ... \?\.- LESLIE'S  1LLUSJR£1 TED  111.STOR Y  OF  TJIE  CIVIL  WAR. 

497 

c 

. 

-

. 

. 

. 

;:-.. 

• 
c 

1e1 

.  b 

1 
armies  were  pre1)arino·  for  anotl 
' I  ~ ··J 
att e 
~ 1  11  on took his  caYalry on a  ra"ic:l  to 
L ,  ' 
sever 
, 
c  s  c1)mmun1ca_t1ons with  Richmond.  He 
managed  to  get  into  the  rear  of  the  Con-
frder:ttcs.  and at once 1110\'ed  0  1 
l  ~  . 
1  ,  sp1 ea  1110· 
t  e  t1 uct1on  111  his  path,  tearino-
·] 
roads,  etc., until  he reached  tl1e  fib.  ut Pl.  ra1 f-
.  k 
1 s  me o 
I\ or 
around  the  capital.  Not being able 
tO  get any further,  he  then  returned. 

d" 

. 

. 

· 

. 

· 

o 

s1  ion 

shell  into  the  Confederate  po  "t· 
d  1 ·  h 

TJ1~  next  day,  after  pouring  shot  and 
f 
rom 
ay ig  t  to  about  six  o'clock  in  the  after-
noon,  Grant  ordered a grand assault.  With 
cheers  and  shouts  the  columns  advanced 
throuo-h  a  fire  tl 
1a  swept  t 1e1r  ranks  at 
e,·ery  step. 
It  was  a  o-allan t  charo-e  al-
t~1ough  u~eless.  The  fi~e was  so  d~s~ruc­
ttve  that  tt  was  soon  found  that  the works 
could  not  be  taken, and when  night  fell the 
Federals  had  suffered  a  fearful  loss  with(cid:173)
out  havino·  o-ained  anythii1o-
a · 

T 
.  h~  next  mornmg  Grant,  with  a  cleti:..r-

1  · 

.::..  o 

t 

. 

1111n~t1on  to  m::i~e  his  campaign 
tho1 oughly  dec1s1ve  at  whatever 
;,est,  telegraphed  to_  ·Washington: 
I  propose  to  fio-ht  rt  out  on  this 

line  if  it  takes ~.11  summer." 

the  night,  Hancock  on 

Having taken  advantage  of  the 
?arkness  and  changed  his  position 
the 
111 
morning  of  the  I  2th  was  on  the 
enemy's  right  flank.  About  five 
o'clock  his  troops  Sl.ldclenly  burst 
upon  an  angle  of  the  Confeder(cid:173)
at_es'  works  held  by  Johnson,  and 
1\' tthout  firing  a  shot  swept  over 
the  ram.parts and  captured  nearly 
~111  of  Johnson's  division.  Han(cid:173)
cock  then  drove  the enemy  before 
him  nearly a  mile,  where  they  ral(cid:173)
lied  and  chargecl  back  upon  him, 
and  a  terrible  fight  ensued.  Other 
corps  were  brought  up 
the 
slaughter  on  both  sides,  and  the 
struggle  continued  for  hours. 
Bravely the  Federals  tried  to  fol(cid:173)
low  up  the  advantage  they  had 
g ained,  and  gallantly the  Conf ed(cid:173)
e rates  resisted  them  and  attempt(cid:173)
ed  to  recover  their ground.  It was, 
how eve r,  but a useless waste of life. 
Th e  positions  were  not  changed 
at  midnight  when  Lee  withdrew 
be hind  a  second  line  of intrench(cid:173)
me nts. 

to 

Since  crossing  the  Rapidan  the 
. .\rmy of the  Potomac lost,  within 
th e  brief  space  of  a 
fortnight, 
nearly  40,000  men,  killed,  wound(cid:173)
ed  and  prisoners,  while  Lee's 
...\.rm y  of  1  orthern  Virginia  lost 
abo ut  30, 0 00. 

CHAPTER  XXIV. 

1

Bl!TLF.Il  AT  BERl1UD.\  Hm.'DRED-GE:NERAJ, KAUTZ

S  RAID 
- B ATT L E  o F  COLD  JLumoR-GRANT's ARMY  BEFORE 
P ETEHS JJ C:RG  GEXERAL  EARLY'S  lXVASION  OF  l\LIBY(cid:173)
L.\.:'D- ·.l.  D E.<:.TRC:CTJTE  H .UD-SHERIDAN'S  RIDE. 
J u~T  be fore  the  terrible  battles  of  the 
Wilderness  occurred  Grant  ordered  Gen(cid:173)
eral  Butle r to  move  his  army from  Fortress 
~\Ionroe  up  to ward  Richmond,  to  co-oper(cid:173)
ate  with  the  Army  of the  Potomac. 

Butler . tarted, l\Iay 4th, with about 25,000 
men,  up  tht.:  J a m es  River.  in  :n:1ed  trans~ 
J f e  la nd ed  at  City  l  ?int,  at  :~e 
por  . 
ppomatt(JX  Rl\·e~,  fifteen 
mouth  of  the 
miles  b ~low  the  Confed e rate  capital,_  and 
planted  hi5  army  on  the  narrow  stnp. of 
land  kno ma  Bermuda  I Iundred.  A  line 
of intrc11chm  nt  wa<>  at  o nce  cast U!J  across 
ppo mattox  to thr~ 
the  pcnin  ula from  t he 
J  m·~ 
hi) 

thi  wa  b ·ing clone 
·ent:  up  from 

ene ral .. V. 
uffolk  with  3,ooo 

ca_valry  to  attempt  the  destruction  of  the 
railroads south  and west from  Petersburg; 
but he  found  that  city  strongly  defended 
by  Beauregard,  who  had  been  summoned 
from  Charleston  to  Richmond.  The latter 
being greatly re-enforced, now massed some 
of his  troops  in front of Butler's forces, and 
o_n  May  16th  he attempted  to turn  Butler's 
nght Hank.  A  sharp  conflict  was  the  re(cid:173)
sult,  and  Butler's  forces  were  driven 
their intrenchments. 

to 

A  few  days  afterward  Butler  was  re(cid:173)

quested  to  send  a  large part of  his  troops 
t.o  the  north  side  of  the  Jam es  River  to 
assist  the  army against  Lee in  the vicinity 
of 
the  Chickahominy.  The  compliance 
with  this  order  deprived  Butler  of  the 
power  to  make  further  offensive  move(cid:173)
ments. 

General  Kautz  started  out  on  another 
raid  from  Bermuda  Hundred.  May  12th. 
Passing  near  Fort  Darlirg,  on  Drewry's 

GENERAL  ISAAC  P.  HODMAN. 

Bluff  he  swept  around  by  Chesterfield 
Cour'thouse  and struck  the  Richmond  and 
Danville  Railroad,  eleven  miles  west  of 
the  Confederate capital.  Then  striking it 
at other points,  he went  eastward,  destroy(cid:173)
ino- the Southside Railroad and the Weldon 
R~ad  far  toward  North Carolina, and then 
retur~ed to  City  Point with  I 50  prisoners. 
Grant  now  decided  to  move  on  toward 
Richmond.  His army started on May 21st, 
and  reached  the  passage  of  the  _North 
I I ere  _it  was 
Anna  River  on  the  23d. 
found  that  Lee had  already moved  1n  that 
cl'  ction  and  reached  there  first.  After a 
s~~~re battle  Lee was  dislodged and  Grant 
Jresscd  steadily forward,  and  by_  l\Iay  28th, 
1 
th  c>f  the  Pamunkcy  River.  Lee, 
was  sou 
had fol lowc·d  and tak1111.:  a shorter 
1owevcr, 
l 
.. J  ,\•as  now  in  front,  occupying  a  strong-
I ·  1 
rua  , 
< · 
• 
.; . 
on  the Chickahom111y  ,1vcr,  w 11c  i 
cl  t 
, ·1roa·1.., 
uos . t1on 
I  d  a  turnf>t  '<::.  an 
r 
u., 
rommance 
leading to  R!chmonJ. 

. 
.  ·, 
1~ · 
we>  rc11 

·  ' 

.k 

Grant saw at  once  that  it would  be  nee· 
essary to drive Lee from  his position before 
he could continue his  march  to  Richmcncl. 
After  a  reconnoissancc  Grant  decided  to 
make  a  flanking  movement  and  cross  the 
Chickahominy at Cold  Harbor.  That place 
was seized and the army re-enforced  by the 
arrival  of the troops,  under  General  \V.  F. 
Smith,  sent by Butler. 

For three days,  June  1st,  2d  and  3d,  the 
two  armies  fiercely struggled on the ground 
where  Lee and  McClellan  had  fought  two 
years  before.  The  battle  on  the  3d  was 
particularly sanguinary,  thousands  of  men 
falling  in  the  brief space of twenty minutes. 
At  its  conclusion  the  Federals  held  the 
ground,  but  they  had  failed  in  their  at(cid:173)
tempt  to  force  the  Chickahominy.  The 
strength  of  Lee's  position  showed  Grant 
that  Richmond could  not  be  taken  in  that 
direction.  So,  after sending Sheridan with 
his  cavalry to  Gordonsville  to  destroy the 
railroad  between  Richmond  and 
t h e  Shenandoah  Valley  a n  d 
Lynchburg,  Grant  decided 
to 
transfer his  army to  the south side 
of  the  Jam es  River,  and  attempt 
the  capture  of  the  Confederate 
capital  in  that way. 

On the night  of  June  I  2th  the 

army silently withdrew,  and  cross(cid:173)
ing  the  Chickahominy  at  Long 
Bridge,  was  well  on  its  way  be(cid:173)
fore  Lee  knew  of  its  departure. 
It  m o v e d  b e I ow  \Vhite  Oak 
Swamp  anci  on  through  Charles 
City  Courthouse  to 
the  James, 
\·1hich  it  crossed  in  boat:;  and  on 
pontoon  bridges.  Grant  hurried 
on 
to  Burmuda  Hundred  while 
the  crossing was  being  made  and 
ordered  Butler to  send  a  portion 
of  his  troops  to  attempt  the  capt(cid:173)
ure  of  Petersburg  before  Lee 
could re-enforce  Beauregard.  But 
this  was  unsuccessful,  and  on  the 
even ing  of  June  16th  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  took  up  a  posi(cid:173)
tion  near a strong line  of intrench(cid:173)
ments  that  Beauregard  had  cast 
up  around  the  city. 

At  this  time  a  formidable  raid 
was  made  by  General  Early,  with 
about  15,000  Confederate  troops, 
for the  purpose  of drawing  ci  large 
force  away from  Grant.  He  hur(cid:173)
ried  down  the Shenandoah \'alley, 
and  crossing  the  Potomac at \Vill(cid:173)
iamsport,  moved  through  Mary(cid:173)
land  to  Hagerstown  and  Freder(cid:173)
ick.  Near  the  latter  place,  on 
the  Monocacy  River,  he was  con(cid:173)
fronted  by  a  few 

troops  which 
General  Lewis vVallace,  then  in  command 
of  the  Middle  Department,  had  hastily 
collected  at  Baltimore,  and  a  portion  of 
Ricketts's  division  from 
the  advance  of 
the  Sixth  Corps,  which  Grant  had  dis(cid:173)
patched  to  the  protection  of  \\-ashington. 
For  eight  hours,  on  July  9th,  this  little 
band  battled  with  Early's  large  force, 
and  although  it  was  defeated  with  heaYy 
loss,  its  gallant  stand  saved  the  national 
capital,  as  it  allowed  time  for  the  Sixth 
and  Nineteenth  Corps  to  reach  the  city 
and  secure 
Early.  learning  of  thi<· 
on  his  way  to vVashington,  rapidly  crossed 
the  Potomac  with  his  spoils.  Ce1wral 
Wright,  who  took  Sedgwick's  plan:  i11  tlw 
Sixth  Corps,  pursued  him  to  the  Sht:nan(cid:173)
doah  Valley  through  Snicker\  Cap. when, 
after  a  battle,  in  which  tli1.,;  invaders  wcrP 
driven  up  the  valley,  \Vright  returned  to 
Washington. 

Early  remai ned  in  the  valley  for  some 

it. 

FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  C/V/L  WAR. 

~ iine.  A f~er a  contest with  Gcne;ral  Aver-
1~J. t~c.:~;r  Winchester,  on  July  20th,  in which 
1 ·:ti ly ::;.  1 roripc:;  we· re;  d<'featc.:d,  and a  battle 
with  CctH:ral 
'rook,  in  which  the  latter 
w:1s  f ?rc~d liack  toward  the Potomac, Early 
'>~ nL  ,t  c,1valry  force  of  3,000  men,  under 
~,c·ncra!s  1\1 cCau;dancl,  Br?dlcy  and  John(cid:173)
scm,  on  a  plunclcrrng  Lour  Ill  Maryland  ancl 
Pennsylvania.  They  reached  Chambers(cid:173)
~J11rg,  J>'.l·,  on  ] uly  301.h,  and  after demancl-
1ng a  tribute ~f $200,000  in  gold  to  insure 
tl~c  town  ag~1nst  <lcstiyction,  which  they 
dt<l  not  receive,  two-thirds  of  the  villao-e 
was  laid  in  ashes.  General  Averill  who 
was  ten  miles  away,  heard  of  this,  a;1d  at 
once  moved  against  the  raiders,  drivi1w 
them  back  into  Virginia.  To  prevent  ~ 
re pc Li Lion  of  this  raid  Lhe  Sixth  Corps,  un(cid:173)
der  General  Wright,  and  the  Nineteenth, 
under  General  Emory,  were  sent  into  the 
Shenandoah  Valley,  and  the  chief  com(cid:173)
mand  of all  the  Federal  forces  there  was 
given  to  General  Sheridan,  early  in  Au(cid:173)
gust. 

hurg.  He  succeeded in  undermining  one 
of the principal  forts,  and  on  the  morning 
of July 30th  the  whole fort,  with  300  men, 
was  lJlown  high  into  the  air.  Then a  heavy 
cannonade  was  opened  upon  the  remain(cid:173)
der of the works  with  great effect.  But the 
assault was  a  failure,  owing to  slowness  of 
motion  of  some  of  the  assailants. 

Soon  after this  the Army of the Potomac 

was  massed  on  the  right  of  the  Conf eder(cid:173)
ates,  south  of the  ] am es,  and  made  an  at(cid:173)
tack  upon  Lee's works on  I Iatcher's  Run. 
But  after  a  severe  contest  they  were  re(cid:173)
pulsed,  and  o n  October  29th  withdrew  to 
their intrenchments  in  front  of  Petersburg. 
Very  little  of  importance  was  done  after 
that by  the  Army  of the  Potomac until  the 
opening of the campaign  of  r 86 5. 

CHAPTER  XXV. 

SimnMAN  MovEs  TOWARD  ATLANTA-CAI'".ruim  OF  ALLA(cid:173)

armies  then  rested  for  a  short  timr  n  or: 
positi:;  banks  r;f  the str •am. 

Sherman  ncJw  attempted  tr;  flanl·  th. 
Conf c-derates  out  of  their  strong  positivn 
by concentrating  his  forces  west  of  th ~m, 
at  Dallas.  This movement  Jed  to a  battl. 
near  that  place.  Neither  side  gain ·d  a 
victory,  and  when  darkness  stopr,ed  thr.: 
fight  Johnston  strongly  intrenched  himself 
through  a  broken,  wooded  country  fr<mi 
Dallas  to  Marietta.  After  much  seven· 
fighting  between  these two  towns Johnston 
was  compelled  to  leave  AlJatoona  Pass, 
June  1st,  1864.  Sherman  then  took  pos(cid:173)
session  of the  position,  garrisoned  it,  and 
rebuilt  the  bridges 
that  Johnston  had 
burned during his  flight.  The  gaps  made 
in  Sherman's  ranks  by  the  losses  in  the 
numerous engagements were  here  filled  up 
by the arrival,  on  the  8th,  of t1 oops  under 
General  Frank Blair. 

' 

toward 

""' 

l 

When  Johnston 

TOONA  PASS-DEATH  OF  Brsnop  PoLJ{-JoHNSTON 
Suoomi:mm DY GENEUAL J . B. Hoon-DEA'.l'R OF  GEN(cid:173)
JmAL JAMES B.  MoPimnsoN-ATLAN'.rA T.umN-Simn(cid:173)
MAN's  MAJwn 
'l'O  THE  SEA-DEs1·nuOTroN  OF  THE 
"ALDlllMA.RLE." 

heridan  immediately  took measures  to 
I Ie  attacked 

GENERAL  SHERMAN  started  on  his  cam(cid:173)
paign  against  Atlanta  on  May  6th,  1864. 

Sherman then pushed on with his strength (cid:173)
ened  army,  and  although  Johnston  con(cid:173)
tested  his  onward  march  at every point at 
which  he could make  a  stand,  the  Conf ed(cid:173)
erates were driven, after a  month of desper(cid:173)
ate  fighting,  from  the Kenesaw Mountains, 
and  from  Lost and 
Pine  Mountains, 
down 
the 
Chattahoochee 
River,  in  the  direc(cid:173)
tion of Atlanta.  In 
these struggles  the 
Confederates  1 o st 
heavily;  am on g 
the  killed  on  Pine 
Mountain  being 
Bishop  Polk,  one 
of  their corps  com(cid:173)
manders. 

drive  Early from  the valley. 
and  defeated  him  at  Winchester,  Septem(cid:173)
ber  I 9th,  and  fol(cid:173)
lowed  him  to  a 
strong  position  on 
Fisher's  Hill,  near 
Strasburg,  from 
which  the  Confed(cid:173)
erates were  driven 
the  22d  an cl 
on 
chased to  Port  Re(cid:173)
public.  From there 
the  Federal  ca val(cid:173)
ry  followed  Early 
to  Staunton  and 
compelled  him  to 
take  refuge  in  the 
ranges  of  the  Blue 
Ridge.  The  Fed(cid:173)
erals  then  fell  back 
behind  Cedar 
Creek,  and  Sheri(cid:173)
<lan  went  to  Wash(cid:173)
i ncrton  on  the sup-
position  that  t  1  c 
valley would not be 
troubled  again  by 
the  Confederates. 
But  Early,  being 
re-enforced,  came 
back a  month  later 
and  attacked  General  Wright  at  Cedar 
Creek  so  fiercely  that  he  was  compelled 
to  fall  !Jack  to  l\1id<lletown  and  .beyond. 
General  Sheridan  was  at  Win.chester 
when  the  attack  began,  and  hea1:111g  the 
sound  of the  g-uns,  sprang  upon  h1sC bla~k 
~harncr an<l  clashed  toward  Cedar. 
ree c 
:\Iee~in<r  on  the way  portions  of  his  army 
1:11  c~nf ~scd retreat, he galloped  upFto the1!11, 
t  d .  "  ~ace  t 1e 
W 
and  waving  his  1at  s 1ou  e 
<>thcr  way,  boys-face the otl~er ~;~~.then~ 
. 
arc gf  ),..,  .  boots!"  Instantly the  ti<le was 
I  r  the 
out o  L 1eir 
. 
cl 
turn<' 
t 
ard 
,me 
·. j 
t roofs. 1~1 J~~c ground.  Regimen ls were at 
i  , n<l  cheered  and  cnco17r-
th<;  ost  a_ 
011ce  w-f ~' n.1.~l' na  Lhe  men charged  to .v1c(cid:173)
a~ecl by  She  i i<la  i'  C  nfrclerates  in  01ght 
1 • :.s  Hill.  Early's 
,. 0
tory and  drovc  t w
1
•·  ]Jc)'  to 
cl 
JS  Wl 
·1  ·1 ·1tccl  and  an  en 
u I'  t  11; 
\  ,t 
·  ·dmost  anni li  ' 
force  was  ~ ... : ·nth<' Shenandoah  a  cy. 
put  to  l10strl1t1C  s 1 
(  -1 .  Potomac  Jay near 
large force from 
l  lt  ,
1 
with( J"C\I  ' 
1 
J><:t1·rs  Jttrg  ~ct  I  J> 'chmond. from  troops 
,1 . nLoon  brid<re across 
that city  to  de  e11t 
1J\ antag·e 
ii·  .
sL·nt  l1v  Htttli:r  Ol'(:r  a  po 
<  r·1 n L  o< 
· 
' 
'" 
· 
th<;  I :till<::> 
,  '..I  ·1tL··1111its  to  p1·i1e 
r  ..  i>don.:  Peters 
' 
of  this,  :1111 
tratc  tl1u  Cu11fc<l:~~·a:t:e~i~n~c~s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

He had a  force  of about  roo,ooo  men,  dis(cid:173)
tributed  in  the  Anny of  the  Cumberland, 
Jed  by  General  G.  H. Thomas;  the  Anny 
of the  Tennessee,  led  by General 1:  B.  Mc(cid:173)
Pherson,  and  the  Army of the  Ohio,  com(cid:173)
manded  by  General]. M.  Schofield.  Mov(cid:173)
ing southward  from  Chattanooga, Sherman 
came  upon  a  Confederate  fore~  of 55,000 
strongly  posted  at  Dalt?n,  Jy1ng  at  the 
junction  of the  roads  le~d111g rnto  East and 
West  Tennessee.  This  force  was  com(cid:173)
manded  by  General.  Joseph  E.  Johnston, 
and  was  arranged  111  three  corps,  under 
Generals  Hardee,  Hood  and  Polle  As 
the  position  of  this . force  was  too strong to 
warrant  an  attack  111  front,  Sherman  men(cid:173)
ace<l  its Oanks  by seeking- a passage d~rough 
Snake  Hill  Gap,  on 
the  left.  This  was 
Cess f ul  and  the  Confederates  retreated 
th 
sue 
e 
Lo  a  point  near  Resaca 
Oostenaula  River,  on 
the 
railroad  between  Chattanooga  and  At-
lanta. 
.·  er 

reached  the  Chat(cid:173)
tahoochee  S  her -
man  rode  into  Ma(cid:173)
rietta, and  at  once 
planned  to  strike a 
severe blow  on  his 
antagonist while he 
was  crossing  that 
river.  But  John(cid:173)
ston  was  too  quick 
and  skillful  to  al(cid:173)
this,  and  he 
low 
safely  passed 
the 
stream  and  made 
a  stand along the  line  of it.  He ivas  soon 
forced  from  this  position  and  retreated  to 
a  new  line  that  covered  Atlanta,  his  left 
restino- on 
the  Chattahoochee  and  hi. 
rio-ht  1:>on  Peachtree  Creek.  While  there. 
og July  roth,  ] ohnston  was  succeeded  b,· 
General]. B.  Hood,  of  Texas. 

After  a  short  rest  the  Federals,  to\, ard 
the  end  of July,  began  advancing  ag~in, 
and  after  detroyino- railroads  and  taking 
part  in  some  heavy skirmishes,  they were 
attacked  by the  Confederates  on  tl:e  20th. 
Hood  himself  led  the  attack,  which  was 
particularly directed  against  the  corps  of 
Howard  Hooker and  Palmer.  The battle 
was  a  fierce  one  and  both  sides suffered 
greatly,  but  the  assailants wer~ repulsed. 
rapidly  toward 
Atlanta.  On the way he encountered so.me 
strong  intrenchments,  and  while  attacking 

a  part  of  Hood's  army. behind  them h: 

Sherman  then  moved 

was struck a  severe blow  rn  the  rear  b)  th 
main  body  of  that  army  led  by 
;cncral 
Hardee, who  had,  by a  long  night  march, 
passed around  him.  The blow~' .ls  a  crusl~­
ing one,  but af tcr a  most sangt11na1')  batt~1:. 
Jasti1w  many  hours,  the  Feder:lls  Wt re ~"1c· 
toriou~ and  succeeded  in  dri,·ing  the. l  <1ll· 
fedt.!rates  bac...k  to  their "orks. 
\ \  hde re 

'tf Lcr  a  sharp  fight  on  May  r 5th,  an~ ~ehng 
L  ursuccl  by Thomas,  McPherson  an 
)c  o(cid:173)
f?  l I  I 
throuo·h  to  Allatoona  I ass, 
th 
fie  c, 
le 
1  Looi.  UJ)  a  1)osition  on  t  e  o  er 
where  1e 
... 
. 
c  opposing 
-.;ide  of the  Etowah  River. 

f·l··<l 

Th 

h, 

·  · 

l\IEADE'H  ARMY  CROSSING  THE  ANTIETAJ\l 

I fullowi 1vr their com mane c  • 
. _.  dly retrac<'cl  their steps  ow 

·'=' 

• 

S 
the 

· 
ta~1on,  at 
lin e  of 

IN  PURSUIT  OF  LEE,  JULY  12·m,  1863. 

,  roin<r  back  to  our  camp  o 

Johnston  was  clnven  across 

\Vh i I(!  th.· 1!  J\ rm Y 0 

I, · 
1v1:r. 
l 
111 at 1

l 

:  :, -

'l'HE 

INVASION 

' · 
AF  MARYLAND  GENERAL 

·l 
t 1c  JI:' . 

·  · 

· 

.  1 

J 

. 

t 

., '\'  'l .l  • 

I 

· 

. 

I 

J 

-

• 

. 

'" 

:::. 

1 

V  11 

. 

FRANZ..:  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATtED  HJSTOR Y  OF  Tiff!'  Cfl?/L  WAR. 

499 

c?nnoitring- in  a wood  that day  (July  22d), 
~eneral  IcPherson  was  shot  dead  by a 
Conled~rate  sharpshooter.  He  was  suc(cid:173)
~~eded 111  the  command  of the  Army of the 
I ennessee  br General  Logan. 

A  few  d_ays  later,  July  28th,  the  Confed(cid:173)

erat_es  agam  made a  fierce attack,  and were 
agarn  sen~ back to  their lines _after  a  heavy 
loss.  This  put  a  stop  to  active  hostilities 
for  a  few  weeks.  Then  on  Auaust  3 rst 
the  dec!sive  battle  that  gave  the ""Federals 
possession  of  Atlanta  was  fought.  The 
forces  of  Howard  and  Hardee met  on  that 
day ~t  Jonesborough,  twenty  miles  below 
the city,  when,  the  Confederates  being  de(cid:173)
feated,  Hood  blew  up  his  maaazine  at 
Atlanta, and  forming  a  junction ~vith  Har(cid:173)
dee,  recrossed  the  Chattahoochee with  his 
whole army.  Sherman then entered Atlanta 
on  September 2d. 

The  two  armies  now  rested  for  a  time 
with only the  river between  them, and mos~ 
~f September w~s given  up  to  reorganiza(cid:173)
tion  on  both  sides.  Then,  hearing  that 
Hood  contemplated  the  seizure  of Tennes-

tion  by Hardee  of  Savannah,  which  Sher(cid:173)
man  entered  the  next  day. 

Early in  I 864  General Truman  Seymour 
was  sent  by  General  Gillmore  to  assist  the 
citizens  of  Florida in  driving out  the  Con(cid:173)
federate  troops  under  General  Finnegan, 
so that that State might  re-enter the Union. 
Seymour went up  the St. Joh n's  River with 
6,ooo  men  and  drove  Finnegan  from  Jack(cid:173)
sonville  into  the  interior.  After a  hot pur(cid:173)
suit Seymour came  upon  the  Confederates 
strongly  posted  in  the  heart  of  a  cypress 
swamp  at  Olustee  Station.  He  made  an 
attack,  February  20th,  but  was  defeated, 
and fell  back  to  Jacksonville  after destroy(cid:173)
ing  the  enemy's  stores  to  the  value  of 
$1,000,000. 

On  April  17th  General  Hoke,  assisted 
by  the  Confederate  ram Albemarle,  made 
a  successful  assault  upon  Plymouth,  on  the 
North  Carolina  coast,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Roanoke  River,  then  held  by  General 
Wessels with  1, 600 troops.  The Albemarle 
was  a  powerful  vessel,  and  for  several 
months kept that part of the coast free  from 

. 

,.., 

m:sscc:.  Late  in  Octolwr  h<'  cross• d  tht· 
Tenness<:<:  River near  I• lon·rH·(>,  and  pu'>lwd 
vi<rorously  011  toward  J 1as1H'dlt- with 50,000 
tr~ops.  At  Franklin  hr;  canw  to  the  in(cid:173)
trenchmcnts  <>f  Ccrwri11  Schofi1·lrl,  who was 
tryirw  to  impcxk  the  invarlNs  S()  that  lw 
could  get  h1rns<:lf  and  train  to  l  :is 1vi. ,, 
I  ·11 
I l ood  reac hr:d  I· r;1nkl10 
before  they did. 
on  the  afternoon  of  1·ov1·mlJl'r  30th,  and 
at  once:  charged  on  Schofidd  S<>  dcsp<'.r(cid:173)
ately that his  troops were driven  from  tht:ir 
l3ut  they c1uickly  rallied,  and  by <1 
works. 
gallant  dash  recovered  thr;ir  l(Jst  gr<iund 
and  captured 300 prisoners.  Sch<Jfif;lrl  thr~n 
went  on  to  Nashville,  <prickly  followr·d  by 
Hood,  who  took  up  a  position  in  front  of 
that city early  in  December. 

' 

I 

General  Thomas was  then  in  chargf:  of 
the  Federal  troops  in  Nashvilk.  On  D<:(cid:173)
cember  15th  he  sent  out  Gent.;ral  1. J. 
Wood, with  the Fourth Corps,  to  drive the 
Confederates  away.  Wood  made  a  vig(cid:173)
orous attack,  and soon  compelled  Hood to 
retreat  to  the  foot  of  the  Harpeth  Hills. 
There  he was  again  assailed  by  the  same 

SHERIDA...~'S  CA.11.IPAIGN  DI" 

'rHE  VALLEY  OF  THE  SHENA.1\DOAH-BATTLE  OF  SUMMIT  POINT,  SUNDAY,  .AUGLiST 

tlsT,  l  '64. 

see,  Sherman sent  Thomas to 
ashville  to 
oraanize  and  concentrate  a  new  force  of 
tr;ops there.  Hood  in  the  meantime  de(cid:173)
scended  upon  Allatoona  Pass  and  at(cid:173)
tempted  to  capture the  stores.  He failed, 
and  Sherman  pursued  him  into  Northern 
Alabama. 

Sherman  now  planned  his  march  from 
:\tlanta to  the  sea.  He  turned  over  the 
~ommand of a  large  portion  of his  troops 
to  General  Thomas, and  then  started  out 
on  the  morning  of  ~ o\·ember  14th.  Gen(cid:173)
eral  Kilpatrick,  with  5,000 ca,·alry,  led  the 
waY,  followed  by Sherman and 6 5,000  men, 
arranued  in  two  columns,  commanded  re(cid:173)
specd~elv  b\·  Generals  Howard  and  Slo(cid:173)
for  more.  th~~  a 
cum.  T-hey'  marched 
month throuuh  the  heart of  Georgia,  livmg 
entirely upo~ what  theyyi~ked up  on  the 
!\loving as  ~hey ~1d rn  ~wo columns, 
way. 
;o.·ith  wing=>  extending- sixty miles,  the  Con(cid:173)
f edc:rate  were  bewildered,  and offered  but 
ver. ·  Iitt e  opposition. 
· pon  reaching  the 
Ogeechee  Rive!'  ... ~erman  attacked  and 
caotured  Fo  t  _ IcAilt  ter, and  a  week  larer 
1.) ....  ember  2 ot_!lJ  he  compelled  the evacua-

I ts  destruction,  accor j_ 

Federal gunboats. 
ingly,  was  very much  desired  by  the  Ka(cid:173)
tional  authorities,  and 
this  was  accom(cid:173)
plished  with  great  skill  and  bravery  by 
Lieutenant  Cushing.  He,  with  thirteen 
men,  on  the  night  of  October  27th,  took  a 
torpedo  up 
into  Plymouth  harbor,  and 
reaching  the  anchorage  of  the  ram,  suc(cid:173)
ceeded in  thrusting  it  under  her  hull  and 
blowing her up  with  fatal  effect.  All  the 
time  during  the  placing  of  the  torpedo, 
after they had reached within  twenty yards 
of  the  ram,  the  brave  men  on  the  launch 
were  subjected  to  a  terrific  hail  of bullets 
fired  from  the  shore  by the  alarmed  Con(cid:173)
federates,  who,  although  they  could  see 
nothing  in  the  darkness,  heard  the  move(cid:173)
ments of their foe  and directed  their shots 
in  the  direction  of the sound.  Cushing and 
one  of his  men,  after  the work was  done, 
escaped  to  a  cutter  that  accompanied  thr~ 
torpedo  boat,  while  the  others of th~ ~ar­
Jess  band were  killed. 

General  Hood,  after  his  unsuccessful 
arn::mpt  to  seize  the  stores  at  Allatoona 
Pass,  prepared  for  his  invasion  of  Ten-

corps  and  other  troops  the  follo\\'ing  day. 
The result was  that  the  Confederates were 
sent  flying  southward  in  great  con! usion. 
They were closely pursued, and at  the  clo  e 
of the month Hood, with the remnants of hi:-. 
army, escaped  across  the Tennc:ssee.  Dur(cid:173)
ingThomas's four months' stay in Tennessee 
he  captured  I  1,500 prisoners and  /2  pieces 
of artillery, and  inflicted  a  loss  to  the  Con(cid:173)
f ederatcs  of  more  than  20,000  men.  His 
own  loss was about  10,ooo. 

CHAPTER  X. '\'I. 

~Iona.n-:::>rm.-i:: .. u4.:"  I'  u,, 

THE  "K.i::.uis.\.HGE"  A.SD  THE  •· .\LAJJAll  "-CAPTU1:E  OF 
FoRTS  ~Ione.\.·  A~D  Giuxi:;;- AD.'tmAr,  P..um.\GL"'r' 
BnAn"I<Y-CHAJ1u,.,n1:-;  'r.&KF.x- 1;A'l".l:LE 
r  11~ To~­
•ILLL ..  FALL o 
CoxFEDEI'i\TE  crui  er,,  made great havoc 
among  the  merchant  hip_  of  the 
nited 
States  <luring  the  war,  especially  in  Lh , 
first  two  y<:.ars. 
f  1864 
they  had  captured  193  ve:-.se)c;,  \\ h<  c  ;w(cid:173)
gregate cargoes were valued at $13.400,oc  " 
The  most  formidable  of  th,  e  plund  r ·r~ 
was  the Alabama,  which  wac;  built  arm 'd 
manned  and  provision ,d  in  Engla~d. 
~  ' 

.f\ t  the  beginnin , 

500 

'~~s  tt~c.le1  command  of  S:aptain  Raphael 
S . in nu o.;,  of  ~1 aryland. 
I• or  two  years she 
sailed  along  the  paths  of American  mer(cid:173)
chan ~111cn  on  the  r\tlantic,  plundering and 
burning- them,  and  always  cludino- the gov(cid:173)
ernment vessels  sent  out  in  search  of her. 

At Jength  Captain  John  A.  Winslow,  of 
the  Aearsa1-g-c,  who  had  souo-ht  her  hio-h 
~nd low,  heard  that  the A!ab~ma had  p~1t 
~nto  th.e  port  of  Cherbourg,  France.  He 
11nme~1ately  took .his  vessel  to  that  place 
and ly1no- off  outside  the  harbor,  awaited 
her reappearance  on  the  ocean.  When she 
cam~  ?ut.  t!1e  .I<carsarge  moved  beyond 
the  JUnsd1ct1on  of  i:. ranee,  and  then  gave 
Lattle.  The  two  vessels  fought  desper(cid:173)
ately  for  an  hour,  pouring  broadside after 
oroadside 
the 
Alabama  began  to  sink, and  in  twenty min(cid:173)
utes  went  to  the  bottom.  Semmes and  his 
officers  and  some  of  his  crew  were  picked 
up  by  an English yacht, which  had hovered 
near  to  be  ready in  case  of such  an  emer(cid:173)
gency,  and  taken  in  safety  to  England, 
where  Semmes  was  feted  and  presented 
with  a  sword  as  a  token  of sympathy and 
esteem. 

into  each  other.  Then 

\Vinslow's  victory stirred  up  the author-

FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  Ii/STORY  OF THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

gan was  captured,  and  the  port of  Mobile 
effectually closed. 

The  closing  of  the  port of  Wilmington 
was  not  attempted  until  December,  1864. 
TJ1en  an  expedition  was  sent  against  Fort 
Fisher. 
It  was  composed  of  Admiral 
Porter's fleet,  and land troops  from  Butler's 
department,  under  General  Godfrey \Veit(cid:173)
zel.  The  expedition  was  a  failure,  and 
another  attempt  was  made  the  following 
February  with  the  same  fleet,  and  land 
troops  led  by  General  A.  H.  Terry.  This 
was  a  complete  success,  the  fort  was  sur(cid:173)
rendered  on  the 
I 5th,  and  the  Federal 
army entered  \Vilmington  on  the  22d. 

About  a  month  after  the  capture  of 
Savannah  Sherman  started  on  a 
rapid 
march  through South Carolina,  and pressed 
on  almost  unopposed  until  he  reached Co(cid:173)
lumbia,  the  capital  of  the  State,  which  he 
captured, February r 7th,  r 86 5.  Upon learn(cid:173)
ing of  this  Hardee at once  left  Charleston, 
to  which  he  had retreated after his  evacua(cid:173)
tion  of  Savannah,  and  fled 
into  North 
Carolina  to  join  the  forces  of  General 
Johnston.  Sherman's forces then took pos(cid:173)
session  of  Charleston,  and  a  few  weeks 
afterward  Major Anderson  celebrated  the 

Point,  on  the  James  River,  to  consult  the 
Pre::sident  and  General  Grant in  n.::gard  to 
future  operations. 

The port of  Mobile  having  been  closed, 
laid  in  March,  1865,  for  th· 

plans  were 
capture  of  that  city and  the  rest  of Ala(cid:173)
bama.  General  Canby,  who  commanded 
the  Department  of  the  Gulf,  start<::d  out 
against  Mobile  with  25,000  troops, at  the 
same time  that Thomas sent from  his army 
I 3,000 horsemen  and  about  2,000 foot sol(cid:173)
diers,  under  General  \\Tilson,  to co-operate 
with  him.  While  Canby  was  attempting 
the reduction of Mobile, Wilson swept down 
from  the  Tennessee  and  raided  650 miles 
through  Alabama  and  Georgi~,  captur~ng 
cities  and  towns  and  destroymg  an 
im(cid:173)
mense amount of public  property.  He also 
succeeded 
in  keeping  Forrest's  cavalry 
from  assisting  the  besieged  Confederates 
at Mobile.  Canby  managed  to capture  the 
city  on  April  t  rth, when  General  Maury, 
in  command  there,  fled  up  the  Alabama 
River  with  91000  troops.  With  the  city 
were surrendered  5,000  prisoners  and  r 50 
cannon.  The  war in  the  Gulf  region  was 
now  at an  end. 

Although  the  Armies  of  the  Potomac 

SHERIDAN'S  CAMPAIGN  IN  THE 

CHARLESTOWN, 

VALLEY  OF  THE  SHENANDOAH-FIGHT  OF  DUFFIE'S  CAVALRY,  NEAR  HUNTER'S  HOUSE, 

VA.-COVERING  THE  RETREAT  OF  THE  FEDERAL  FORCES. 

f 

1 

M 

ese 

I  mrng 

r e~ns 

To  close 

eat  guns. 

to  co-operate  w1 

vessels  four  o  w 11c 

·i  d  .  between  Fort 

f  the  National  Government  to  a  de-
ts  then 
ton 

.  . 
1t1es  o 
te:mination  to  close  t 1e  two wpr  . 
for  blockade  runners-
open M  b'l 
latter  port 
the 
and 
o  i e. 
General Canby sent a  force of 5,000 tro~~~ 
under  General  Gordon G~~~g~d~~:i1 Far-
o 1 
d 
of  r 8  vessels,  which  appeare 
ragut s  fleet 
to  Mobile  on  August  5th. 
l ·  h  were  iron-
off  the  entrance 
Th 
organ 
rn  . d  the  terrific  fire  from 
clads,  then  s<:-1  e 
and  Fort  Garnes amF1 arragut  crave  his  or-
f 
h  . 
t  eir  gr 
t  he  from  the  marntop  o 
d~rs th~o~g(t~e Jfariford),  wl~ere  he was 
. .  ino- to  keep  him  from  be(cid:173)
his  flagship 
lashcd  to  the ngg 1 /:> 
l  ck  of battle.  He 
1e  ~1~0us  position  during 
iw.r  dislodged  by  t 
IT e  ma~c 
re7nained  i 11 
the  entire  voyage pas  1 1  gh  one  of  his 
the  passage  safely,  a; 1~~s destroyed  by 
1  d  1 y  a 
gunboats, 
a  torpedo.  He  was 
nboats  but  after a 
fleet  of  Confederate  gduefeatcd. 
d 
were 
severe  fig 1t  t 1ey 
assault  was  now  n.1a  e 
- A  simultaneous 
Fort Garnes, 
· 
by  J• arragut an 
ra. o,d  Awn1st  7th.  A 
·tnd  it  was  surrcndere  k'·s  lat~r Fort Mor-
, 
litt!iJ  more  t 1an 

that  per; the  forts. 

.  the  Tecmnse1z, 

d  G  nrrer  on 

then  attac cc 

two  wee 

1 

h 

I 

l 

. 

· 

b 

. 

J 

anniversary of his  evacuatio~ ?f Fort Sum(cid:173)
ter  four  years  before  by  ra1s111g  over  ~he 
ruins  of that fortress  the  same  flag  which 
he  had  been  compelled  to  haul  do.wn  t~1en, 
and  which  he  had  carried  away. with  him. 

f 

f 

I 

0 

'll 

astward 
e 

Sherman  soon  passed  ?n  mto  North 
Carolina, reaching Fa~ettev11le, March r 2th. 
There  he  rested  until  the  r 5th,  when  ]Ie 
toward  Goldsboroug 1. 
cl 
move 
oo  Con 
-
On  the way  he  met a  orce  o  20,0 
federates,  under G~neral Hardee, at A ~erys-
rouah  Def eat mg  them,  he  contmued 
b? 
·1  Two  days  afterward  (March 
his  mare 1. 
r 
8th)  when  near  Bentonvi  e,  1e  was  su  -
I  riseci  by  the  wJiole  of  Johnston's.  army, 
p I .  h  suddenly attacked  a  part of his fo~c~ 
w 11c  General Slocum.  There was  a t~1n . 
Six  times  did 
under 
the  combmed 
ble  ~attjei--Ioke, Hardee and Cheath~m fall 
n  the Federals,  and  noth111g b~t 
forces  o 
t  efforts  saved Sherman s 
fiercely uplo 
I::r1·s  troops  made 
the  most  c espera e. 
-l 
• 
cl  at  length  succeeded  in 
army  r 
the  Confederates  rc-
a  brave stan  , .an 
rrainina  the  victory, 
f  North 
-
I'> 
trcat1~0 
an  now went  011  to Golds-
SI 
1
1
'  "as  · oincd  by  Schofielcl 
crnl 
Carol1 na.  h 
f  - which he hastened to  1ty 
boroug  • 
and Terry,  a  ter 

•  ~ to  Raleigh,  the  capita  o 

h  w  er,.,.  1C  \ ·vc  J 

f  om  destruction. 

· .  J 

C' 

d 

. 

. 

. 

o 

.  . 

and  of the J arnes  remained  in  comparative 
quiet in front  of  Petersburg and  Richmond 
throuo-h  the winter of  1864-'65,  they effect-
ually prevented by their positron  a JUnct10n 
of  the  two  forces  of  Lee  and  Johnston. 
Grant at length determined to  mak.e  a  gen(cid:173)
eral  and  vio·orous  movement  aga111st  the 
Confederat~ capital.  Late in  February he 
ordered  General  Sheridan, 
the 
Shenandoah  Valley,  to  move  up  and  de(cid:173)
stroy  all  communications  with  Richmond 
north  of the James  River,  and,  if possible, 
capture  Lynchburg, '~'here a  large  number 
of Confederate supplies were stored. 

then  in 

'With  Generals  l\Ierritt  and  Custer  and 
ro,ooo  men,  horse  and foot,  h.ericlan  1 ft 
\i\Tinchester  on  the  27th,  and going  up  the 
valley,  met  Early's  forces  at  \\1 aynesbor(cid:173)
ough.  A[ter  a  battle  there  he  scattered 
his  enemies,  and 
then  crossed  the  Blue 
Ridge and  c_lestroy~d t.he  railroad  as  far as 
Charlottcsville. 
too 
strong  for  him,  he  di\·ided  his  ~orce,  one 
party  goinf\·  to  break  up  the  ra~lroad  w' 
ward  that  city,  and  the other to  disable  tht: 
] ames  Ri:·cr  Can~l. by which  the  c.onfrd: 
erate  cap1t<tl  receivetl  a  large  portion  .:if 
its  supplies.  Shericlan  then  re :oined 
t11e 

Fmc1111g- Lynchburg-

~~~~~~~~__{£___~-

r 

FRANK  LESLIES  Il.LUSTRA TED 
b 

. 

ac  Y passing around 

Army  of  the  p  tom 
Lee's  l  ft. 

Lee  now  aw  that it 

,  ary  for  him 

to  f  was  a?solu tely  nee-
} ohnston  in  North C  ~ry:  a  _Junction  with 
·ave  hi  army.  a  d at 0  ma if he wished  to 
forces  near  G~a~~s  so,  conc~ntrating his 
tn  front  of 
Petersburo- he  o11  Mcenltre, 
arc 1 
tl 
fi 
2 5  1,  made  a 
erce as  ault  on  Fo- S 
~eacl~11an, hoping by 
the  capture  of  th  tt t 
lines  to  be  able  to ab  pokintl  111  the  Federal 
was  unsuccessful  G 
u  1e 
him  and  defeatin'g lr~n 
.ehtngl  prepared for 

rca •  t 1rough  B  t  l 

t  b  . 

0 ' 

· 

' 

Ea 1 
c  r  y 

. 
tn 

F 
_,  ebruary  G 

.  1im  wit 

ieavy loss 
. 

I 

was  ordered  to  t  k 
l  .  enera  Stoneman 
into  South  Carol" a  ~  ~isl cavalry on  a  raid 
sisting Sherman .i~a t 0~ ~:e purpose  of as(cid:173)
11  mg  the  latter  in 
no  need of 1  1 
a  cl  cl 
1e  p,  Stoneman moved eastward 
n 
ennessee 
Railroad  f 
h 
burg,  ~fter which  he  turned southward~~1d 

estroyed  the  Virginia  and  T 

or some  distance  toward  L 

'  u 

. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  Cf//FL  WA~ 

501 

. 

d  · 

emme 

fast  being  h 
tn.  Many efforts  had 
b 
t~:i~ made  _to  bring  about  peace without 
onqucnng  of  the  armies  of the Con(cid:173)
f 
{t~cr~cy,  but  th.ey  had  failc<l.  President 
co  n  would  ltst~n. to  no  conditions  ex(cid:173)
clep\ absolute submission, everywhere within 
t 1e  )O~ nds of the  republic,  to  the  National 
a
uthonty,  and 
the  entire  abolition  of 
1
s a very.  When  Jefferson Davis,  in  answer 
to  an  appeal  from  Prancis  P.  Blair,  of 
M.aryland,  near  the  close  of the  year  r864 
?aid  that  he  would  ?e  willing  to  "entc; 
rnto  a  conference  with  a  view  to  secure 
peace  to  the two countries,"  President  Lin(cid:173)
~oln expressed. his willingness  to  confer  if 
it  was with  a  view  "to secure peace  for  the 
people  ?f  our c?mmon  country."  Although 
Davi~ did  not like  the latter expression  he 
apporn ted  as  commissioners Alexande; I I. 
Stephens, John  A.  Campbell and  R.  M.  T. 
Hunter. 
fhe  conference  was  fruitless,  as 

in 

to 

t~H;  ad vancc,  fell  back  in  confusion  on 
C~a.wforcl's  troops,  which 
turn  were 
dn~cn  b<~<:k  on 
th<.:  division  under 
Griffin. 
I lH:rc  the enemy's onslaught was 
c!1ccke<l,  and  a  divisi<Jll  of  the  Sr:cond 
Corps  being sent  t?  \Varre;n's  support,  he 
at once  re-formed his rank<;,  and with a sud(cid:173)
dcn  dash  regained  th<:  lost  g-rn11 nd  and 
captured  the  Whitr;  Oak  Road.  Shr:ridan 
alc,o  v.:as  clriv1~n. frrJm  Fiv1~ l•od-c; for a  tim<:, 
!mt  with  th<;  ;-ud  of  the  I• if th  Corps again 
advancc_d  to  that plrir:e;, whr:rc, on April  1st, 
'1  h1; Crrn(cid:173)
a  sang11Jnary battle v.  v:;  fought. 
f~deratc·s  wen::  dri .. '.:n  from  thr~ir  strong 
l~~e;  of,workc;  and  completdy  rout ·cl;  the 
hfth S:orps  doubling up their  left flank  in 
confusion,  and 
the  cav'1lry  <>f  Genr;ral 
Mcrritt clashing on  to the \\'hit<.; Oak Rr"Jad 
capt11ring their artillery and  turninrr it upo~ 
them. 
der,  leaving  behind  them  abci'ut  5,000  of 

7 hey  soon  took  to  flio-ht  ln  disor(cid:173)

THE  WAR  ON  THE  UPPER  POTOMAC-WILSON'S  OAVALHY  FORAGING  A'I'  THE  HELDEN  gs'l'A'l'E,  CLARKE  CO~"'TY,  VA. 

struck  the  railroad  between  Danville  and 
Greensborough.  Some of his  troops went 
as  far  as  Salisbury,  in the hope  of releasing 
a  large  number of  Union  soldiers  impris(cid:173)
oned  the re.  But  the  prisoners  were  re(cid:173)
moved  be fore  Stoneman's  men  arrived, 
and  although  the  raiders  destroyed  a  vast 
amount  of public property  they did  not ac(cid:173)
complish  their object.  _Then,  whi_le  Stone(cid:173)
man  and  his  main  body pushed  rnto  Ea~t 
Tennessee,  a  part  of  his. force;,  o~  Apnl 
19th,  destroyed  the  magmfice::nt  br!dgc  of 
the  !;outh  Carolina  H.ailroad  which  cx(cid:173)
U::ndt: d 
the  Catawba 
kivc1.  This  raid  re:sultcd  in  the  capture:: 
of  6,or;o  prisonr::rs,  31  pi<;cr;s  of  artillery 
and a  large  numb~r of small  arms. 

feet  across 

J,I(JO 

CHAP'I ER  XXVIJ. 

f.Pl'Ol!T 

Tu.  op 

~ 0 Sv: mE  J>uor-fJAvrH'H  JJp,1;r.A 1:A'17'"·-!:A'J'(cid:173)
rv.£  Yo~xs-J ALJ,  ,),,  f'f:n1:s1,u1~!·'r:1'.· 
(flf"D  C.u'l"(;~-C<llaif~Jdf)/IJ  "f.,f,  fH~J°WY.E!i  (JHA)l1 
fJP  Lr:;/B  Al:lfY-'J £HM11  (Ji 

1.iP.£ 

~ J. 
'UJIB 
s~ 
THE Ci  i1 

l ar was  nr;w  coming  t()  an 
·nd.  Th(.  enemic:s  of  the  rcpuhHc  wen~ 

Lincoln would  not recede from  the position 
he  had  taken. 

Indignant  at  this  result,  Davis declared 
at  a  public  meeting  held  at  Richmonc.l, 
February  5th, that  "sooner than we  should 
be  united  again  I would he  willing Lo  yield 
up  everything  I  have  on  earth,  and,  if  it 
were  possible,  would  sacrifice.:  my  life  a 
thousand  times  before  1 would  succumb." 
Thr; n a  few  days  later  at  another  meeting 
it  was 
the  Confedc.:ratcs 
would  never lay down  their arms  until their 
independence was won. 

resolved 

that 

Upon  Sheridan's  return  from  his  great 
raid  at  the  close  of March,  Grant  started 
the;  Army of the Potomac  on  a  grand move(cid:173)
ment  against  the  Confederate;  right.  On 
the morning of  March  3 rst,  Sheridan,  with 
his cavalry and  a  corps  of infantry,  moved 
forward  and took  possession of I• ivc.:  Forks, 
while  Warren  advanced  toward the  White 
Oak  Road.  The latter drove the  Confc<l(cid:173)
cratF;S  beforr;  him  for a  short  distanc;~, hut 
thf·y <piickly  rallied,  and  attackr'.cl  h1rn  so 
vigorously that Ayres's division, which had . 

their  troops  as  prisoners  of war.  The fu(cid:173)
gitives  were  pursued  westward  about  six 
miles  by  the  cavalry  of  ,\.forritt  and  Mc(cid:173)
Kenzie. 

Grant  heard  of this  victory  in  his vosi(cid:173)
tion  beforC'  Pe tersburg,  and  at  once  or(cid:173)
dered a  bombardment along  his  whole line 
against the  city,  to be kept up all  night. 

At dawn  the  next morning  the  works  of 
the en('mywcrcvigorously attacked.  \V right 
with  his  corps  managed  to  break  th:-01~0'}1 
the lines,  and,  pushing  on, drovt.  th1;;  C<~n­
f edcratcs  before  him,  captured  a 
large 
number  of  guns  and  s •\•era! 
thousand 
prison  rs,  ancl  dfoctually  cru  hcd  Lee's 
1 inth  Corps  had 
right.  Parke  with  th· 
meanwhile  carri<.:cl  th(;  main  liwe 
in  the 
enemy's  front,  but  was  chccktd  at th<.:  sec(cid:173)
ond  line~;  while  a  part  of  Gibbon's  corps 
by  a  gallant  charge  capt11r ·cl  two  strong 
works  south  of  l'etersburg.  The  !J:tltlc 
ll()W  ragc.:d  forinusly  from  nght to  I  ft,  tllf' 
C<>nfcdcratt"  IJravcly lighti11 11  to  li11ld  tl1c.:ir 
intn·nchnwnh. 
J ,spc<:i~illycl ·t1·rmi11  ·d  v ·r • 
they  tu  rl't~iill  110  ·, "  sio11  ()f  l«irl 

I. hon 

FR..-1  -K  LESJ!E'S  JL!JUSTRA TED 

sTOR y  OF  rHE 
;:Jf.
-

Cfl f /.  TVA R. 

.. 

which.  \\':\s  ti  ·fl'nd •tl  by  I Iill's  corp:-;.  T 11 
tl~l.  g.,lbnt  :tand  h'  m,u\,  lhL'l'l'  I I ill  w ;1s 
ktlh:tl.  Sh  •ridan  now 
amc  up  rapidly 
f I" )11't 
l h '  \\'  'S' 
. 
. 
l  own  l1pon 
s \\ '  pl\\P,-
j 
~ 
nnf ~tkrat 's 1  ihnk  anti  r  •:.tr,  for , •ti 
th' 
lh '.m  to  gt \'\.!  up  the  nt ·st  and  fly  in  con(cid:173)
f
ns1011. 

'  ).  l 
.  '·  • .i  l 

Tha~  day,  ~ unday,  April  2c.l, 

l.lk  n.  At  ' ig ht  o'clock  that 

:-tvis  was 
att1.·nd111g  -hurch  in  Ri -hm  nd,  wh  n  an 
and  hand  ti 
o~·d 'rly  hurrietl  up  th'  aisl 
\\Tith  a  nbncc 
~11lll a  Ill  'SS.lg'  from  Lee. 
llc lllUSl  SC  k 
1C  s,rn·.  tlut  a\l  \\a '  Over. 
t1ight,  as  Ri 'hmonll  would  ·oon 
safety  111 
.,.  ·ning 
bt 
h~ .1b.tntloned  the  capital  and  11  d  to  Dan(cid:173)
Y1lk.  to  which  . ity  his wif ,  had  ,.;·on,  n.  f .-w 
tbys  b"for '. 
onf 'derat '·  Con  -r  s 
the  \'irginia  L ·g·i ·l~Hurc  al  o  took 
a1.1d 
~arly  the  next  morning;  G  neral 
t11rl~t. 
\\ e1t.-el,  111  command  of  the  force·  on  th , 
1;~rth  ·ide  ?f  the  Jam •s,  march  d 
into 
1~1. hmond .with  bands  playing- and  color 
in  part  of 
t_lymg. 
colored troops, wa - unm ' d1at  ly s ' t  to w  rk 
to  pl~t ?ut t_hc  fires  kindl  d  by  drunk  n  in(cid:173)
ccn.d1ane  3ust  after  the  evacuation,  and 
which  had  d1::stroyed  all  of  the  business 

1I1s  army,. comp. secl 

fhe 

• 

.

-

-

' 

' 

l 

l 

~ 

I 

I 

v 

~ 

1 

. I 

iu1  "' 
f 

,..,c, . .  
. 

··ll  .  Road,  followt,ll  hy 
. 
nr1>S. 
c· ·ti 
l)l1 s h  ·d  for  thl'  I )c111\  t 
~ , , )11d  uid  ,-,1x  1 
l~?t t:  wit  1  t w  ·  ~ tll. 1  ·, the  Southsick 
whtl  ·  (  rd  haslt' llt t 
th a t 
1  .  , 
d  on~ 
. 
1  [> 
·l·,•\•tlk  w1cr 
1·  ·t·  cl' 
towan 
R:ulroa 
Jl 
1 .  t" rs·ct  ac1sclll 
· 
anti  the  Dan\' l  c  '-oat  111 "  · 
11 
J  .~ 
·i 
,  e 
lJ  ·l ,rsbur""· 
c  <.:: 
·s  r  111 
1 . 
of  f 1fly-thrc •  1111 
. f  .  1  t  )\"CC  so  as  to 
. 
;--. 
)e 
I~  1 
w ·1"  ·1lso  mak1n°  01  t 1a __ l  " 
, , 
' 
·11, 
Ihe  ..  't -
'='. 
. 
able  to  JOll1  Da\'ls al  1 hnvi  e. 
1  .  , 
. 1  .. ·1·  r ''\Ch ·d  t  1cre 
. 
' rals  h ·1\·1110·  t 1e  ins1t  'll«1c "• 
' 
·'tion  above 
. 
hrst.  She ridan  n-a1 nee.  a  pos1 
•  < 
r1·  L  e~ avenue 
Burk 'Ville,  and  thus  cut  o 
• 
e 
of  scap \  whil ~  Ord  stopped  be\  w. 
, 
L 'e's  position  n  w  became  desp.er~t~ 
111  ,lia  ourthouse,  and  ~cc11\, 
11  wa ·  at 
that h e  could  not  advance  by  the  railroad, 
he  swunQ'  around  to  the  we · t  and 
truck 
roatl  ag·ain  at  Farmville.  1 Icrc  th: 
th 
h  ad of  his  nlumns  was  111 
m e nt ·  of  infanLry  and  some  cavalry,  under 
G1::neral  Th 'Odore  R ead,  who  had  been 
hurried  forward  to  hold  the  Confederates 
until  Ord  c  uld  come  up with  the  rest  of 
his  corps.  Read  accomplished  th.is  at  the 
xpe nse  of  his life.  When Ord arnved  Lee 
in trench  tl  himself. 

t  by  two  regi(cid:173)

1rant  now  reached  farmvillc,  and  on 
th  7th  wr  te  a  note  to  Lee  in  which  he 

-: 

·SHEIUDA  ·s  OAMPA.IG 

IN  THE  VALL.l!:Y  OF 

'l'H~  SHE:  ANDOAH  VlE\V  Ol!' 

JAOKSON 

llILL,  VA. 

'l'l:lE  PRO  'l' 

Lli\/ES  0 ' 

part  of  l\la.in  Street.  W eitz  1  found  that 
the  Confe<lerates  bad  abandon ,cl  5,000  of 
their  sick  and  wounded  in  the  hospitals, 
and  had  left  as  trophi 'S  for the  victors  500 
pieces  of  arti ll ery,  5,000  small  arms,  many 
locomotives  and  cars,  and  a  large  amount 
of  other  public  property,  togeth er  with  a 
part  of  the  archives  of  the 
o nfcderate 
\Vhen  \V ·itzel  reached  the 
Government. 
Virginia  Statehouse  one o f  hi s  staff,  Lieu(cid:173)
tenant  ] ohnston  Livingston  de  Peyst ·r,  as(cid:173)
ccndccl  to  the  roof  and  unfurled  the  Na(cid:173)
tional  f1ao",  and  Richmond  was  once  more 
in  the  hagds of  the  Federal  autho rities. 

Th<!  news  of  the  capture  of  Richmond 
produced  grc:al  joy  throughout  the  loyal 
States,  for  it  told  of  the  downfall  of  the 
In \ Vashington 
Conft:dcrat('  Government. 
the public offices were c.losctl;  the J!eople ~f 
J e\\'  York  showed  their  pleasure  111  public 
1 
me  ·tings and  in  the  ringing  of  bells  in  the 
tow<'r  of  Trinity  Church. 

Fi11di1w  thaL  he  could  no  longer  hold 
P!'lcrsb11;1:,  L ee  sent  the  message  .which 
Davis  n:ct·i,·c:cl  in  church,  and  then  silently 
withdn:w  from  his  position  on  the l'Vt'n~ng 
of  April  2d.  At  dawn  tl.1l'  11l·:xt  111orn1ng 
the  Fc(Jt:rals  learned  of  his  retreat,  and  at 
once  set  m1 t  to  inter<.:  ·pl  him.  Sheri<lan 

. 

,... 

"' 

.· 

1 

I  f 

ard  't 

part  of 

tl  A. 
1 

tat 's  Army 1_11 

ort 1  rn Virninia" 
· 

la  t 
said:  "The  re  ult  of  th 
convince you  of  th  hor)  I  . 's' wcf r'  mu  t 
s  ne  s o  u rth 'r 
th 
resistance  on 
. .  . 
.  v· 
N  ·tl 
1111)'  of 
o1  :  i.n 
irg 1n1a  in  this  stnwo·le 
I 
that  1t  1s  so  and  r 
· 
1 · f  f 
1  as  m Y du l' ·  t 
· 
' 
0 
1 
s 11  t  rom  mysdf the  rs 
. ,'bT 
furth er effusi o n  of blood lb ~1~sl~. 1t)'. 
f  any 
the  su1-r ' ndcr  of  that  porti~n  :n~ of you 
° the 
on-
fed •rate 
wn  as  th ' 
. 
1 my 
I  1 . 
I 
f N 
o 
11  115  r ' l l)'  t  )  tl  · 
· I  1 
~ec sa1t  t rn t,  al thou  ·h  h  1 id  11 
I 
< .  11s 
t  .b ·Ii 'Vt 
f urth  r  resistance  011  th 
. 
hopel 'ss, h . rcc ipro  ate l tlt~\ t _<?~  h1s  arn~y 
useless  ' ffusion  o f  blood.  ":'I  dsu 
t  avoid 
h ,  add •cl,  "b 'fore cons·  1' 
:-n 
th 'r  for»" 
1  1 
.  . 
IC  nn o- )'O U. 
1  1 ropo-
.1~1 
s1 t1on  as,  the  terms yo 
f  . 
1.t. 
u w1  offe 
ltS  surrcnd ' r"  w· 
r On  C  n-
(I 1011  0 
( -
1thont 
, 
.rants  answt-r  L  ,  .  1 
or 
wa1Ltn1» 
f 
.  l 
,... 
sto  ,  'lwa 
111g 1t  toward  Lynch burn·  l 
. '  · 'Y  111  th 
1
?P 111 g·  lo  esca1>, 
to  the sh  lt •r of the 1110 ;::.•  t·
r  I 
. L 
~.ar y th ,  n '.'t rnornin 
Y  nt  th a t 
c1  y 
set ou~  111  pursuit. 
g  th '  l·  ' tkrals 

u n  .11 n s  b , 

·  · 

~ 

. 

l 

· 

. 

.W h1l  '.on  the  move  w  ·st-. 

. 

·  1 

1  ·r' 1s 

'  10  whlch  l 
1 

.aid  L  • •  l'l'-
. 
ce1ved  (rrnnt's  answer 
,, Tl 
said  . 
) lit o n '  ·o ntlit' 
1011 
I "'t;>~tltl  insist 
on,  nam ·ly,  that  the  m ,11
1. 
rend •r ·tl  sl1011l' l  b 
·  Sllr-
e  t  H'l 
up  arms  against  th,  ·()ll,l 1 1 ,d  for tal  i11  • 
g 
U  · 
·nt  nf  th'e 
·x  hangt•d. 

n1lct  • latcs  until  pro[ll'rl\· 
· 

a ntl  olhc •1·s  , 
• ["f' 

. 
l  S 

)ovcrnm 

. 

' 

FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

503 

1ole  of  honor  not  to  take arms ao·ainst  the 
Goyernment  of  the  U uited  St~tes  until 
properly exchanp;eJ;  that  the  officers  were 
to  be  allO\n~d to  keep  their side arms,  baCY(cid:173)
~age and  pri,·ate hor  es,  and  that  the  offi(cid:173)
cers  and  men  would  not  be  disturbed  by 
United 
tates  authorities  so  long  as  they 
hould  observe  their  parole  and  the  laws 
in  force where they should reside.  On vVed(cid:173)
ne~day, April  r 2th,  the  Confederates  laid 
down  their  arms  and  departed  for  their 
homes.  The  number  paroled  was  about 
\\ ith  the  men  were  surrendered 
25,000. 
about  16,000 small  arms,  150  pieces  of  ar(cid:173)
tillery,  71 
stand  of  colors,  about  11 100 
wagons  and caissons, and  4,000  horses  and 
mules. 

That same day,  April  12th, the War  De(cid:173)
partment  issued  an  order directing  the sus(cid:173)
pension  of  all  drafting  and  recruiting  for 
the  National  Army,  and of  the  purchasing 
of  munitions  of war and supplies. 

the  I  7th  a  suspension  of  hos.tiliti~s  was 
agreed  upon  pendi?g  the  rat1ficat1on  or 
rejection  by the  N at1onal  Government of  a 
basis of peace arranged by the two  generals. 
The  President  and  Cabinet  refused  to  ac(cid:173)
cept  the  agreement,  whereupon  Johnston 
surrendered  to  Sherman  on  the same  g~n­
erous terms as  those  aranted to Lee.  With 
him  were  surrendered  and  paroled  a?out 
25,000 men.  One hundred and eight  pieces 
of  artillery  and  about  r 5,000  small  arms 
fell  into  the hands of  the Federals.  A  few 
days  later,  May  4th,  General  Tayl.or  sr(cid:173)
rendered  the  Confederate  forces  rn  A  a(cid:173)
bama to General Canby, at Citronville ! and 
the  Confederate  Navy  in  the  ~omb1gbee 
River  was  surrendered  to  Admiral  Farra(cid:173)
Ho~tilities  ended 
gut  at  the  same  time. 
with  a  battle at  Brazos  Santiago,  Tex.,  on 
May  13th. 

When  Davis  heard  of  the  surren  er 
of  Johnston's  army  he  immediately  left 

d 

tws 

. 

. 

"M tstaking 

h 
.edwas. 

l  fire  an< 
J)av1s  tncc 
. 

,.  each  other  fc., Y  enemies 
aroused  the 
1  I 
tions. 
.  .,  .  1 to  make  his  escap<· 
both  opcn('c 
f  1  . k 
1 
s eepers. 
'  watcrproo  c  o,t 
disguised  in  a  won~~nc~ his  head  by  i\I j...,-: 
and a  shawl  tf rown  detected  and  captured 
Howell,  but  1e dw;;; 
n  Davis was takr..:n 
by Pritchard an  _ is  ~ed ·there  ·imprisoned 
to  Fortres~ M.on1oe 
treason,  for  some 
·1  He 
under  an  indictment  or  d 
time,  when 
·ng  his  liberty until 
was  never  tne  '  enJOYI 
f  the  North  were  re-
his  death,  in  1889.l 
f R.· chmond  and 
1 
.  .  . n  over  the  capture o 
JOlCI  g 
f  Lee their joy was sudden y 
the surren  er 0 
of  the  as-
turned into sorrowpby  ~hde  ntew;1 Ir  Lincoln 
sass10at1on  ~ 
.  Washinaton  the-
J h 
was  seated  10  a  ox  m  a 
t  with  his wife  and  friends,  w  en  o  n 
~1kes Booth entered behind him  and shot 
hi~ in  the back of the head.  Then shou~­
ing,  "Sic  semper  tyrannus !"-so  may  it 

While the  peop e  0 

release  on  )at  · 

f the 
b 

res1  en 

n 

· 
hb 

d 

· 

· 

f 

1: 

t 

GRJlliT'S 

:JOVE:JENTS  SOUTH  OF  THE  JAMES- BATTLE  OF  POPLAR  SPRING  CHURCH-GALLANT  CHARGE  OF  A  PART  OF 

THE  FIFTH  CORPS  ON  THE  CONFEDERATE  FORT,  SEPTEMBER  30TR,  1864. 

CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

Jom;sTox  SURREXDERS  TO  SHEB:llAN-HosTILITIES E :NDED 

-FLIGHT  OF  D.1.ns  A.XD  BIS  c .. umrnT-DAVIS  CAPT(cid:173)
URED-A.55.!SSDiATIO~  OF  Pru:smENT  L:c>COL!\-TB:E 
K.1.n- IN  THE  WAR. 
\V HILE  the surrender  of  General  Lee at 
Appomattox virtually  ended the war,  there 
were  still  Johnston's  army in  North  Caro(cid:173)
lina,  and  smaller  bodies  elsewhere  to  be 
conquered.  Sherman  was  preparing 
to 
march  toward  the  Roanoke  on  April  roth, 
when  he  heard  of  the  fall  of  Petersburg 
and  Richmond.  This  changed  his  plans, 
and  he  at once  turned  his  columns  toward 
Raleigh  and  marched  on  Johnston, who  re(cid:173)
treated  through  Raleigh  along  the  course 
of  the  railroad  westward  toward  Greens(cid:173)
borough,  whither  Davis  and  his  Cabinet 
had  fled  after making  Danville the seat  of 
the  Confederate  Government  for  a  few 
days. 

• herman  pursued  Johnston  as  far  as 

Raleigh,  where  on  the  15th the latter,  hav(cid:173)
ing  heard  of  the  overthrow  of  Lee,  re(cid:173)
y_uested  an interview  with  Sherman  for  the 
purpose  of  making 
terms  of  surrender. 
l hi'  vas  zranted,  and  after  a  meeting  on 

Greensborough,  with  his  Cabinet  and  an 
escort  of  2,000  cavalry,  and  fled  toward 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  His wife  and children 
and  Miss  Howell,  Mrs. Davis's sister, made 
for  the same  place  in  wagons,  but  along  a 
different  route.  Upon  reaching vVashing(cid:173)
ton,  Ga.,  Davis learned  that some Confed(cid:173)
erate soldiers,  supposing  the  treasure that 
he had taken  from  Richmond was  with  his 
wife's  party,  had  formed  a  plot  to  hold  up 
her train  and  seize  the valuable  property. 
He  immediately set out,  with a  few  follow(cid:173)
ers,  to  protect  his  family.  After a  ride  of 
eighteen  miles  he  joined his wife  at  lrwins(cid:173)
ville,  nearly  due  south from  1\Tacon,  Ga. 

General \Vilson, who was then  at 1\Iacon 
heard of Davis's  flight  to  the Gulf, and sen~ 
out two  bodies of  cavalry,  one under  Lieu(cid:173)
tenant Colonel Pritchard, and  the other led 
by Lieutenant Colonel  Hardin, to intercept 
him.  As  a  reward  of  $100,000 had  been 
offered  by  the  government  for  the capture 
of  Davis,  these two forces left  no  stone un(cid:173)
turned to find  him.  They soon  discovered 
his whereabouts, and  at early <lawn  the two 
parties  approach~d the camp  where he was 
resting- for  the  night,  from  opposite  <lirec· 

always be with tyrants-the assassin  leaped 
out  of the box on the stage. dashed through 
a  back  door,  and  fled  on  a  horse  that was 
in  readiness  for  him.  He was pursued and 
overtaken  in  a  barn  below  Fredericksburcr, 
Va.,  and  shot  dead  by  a  sergeant  nam~ 
Boston  Corbett. 

President  Lincoln  died  the  next  morn(cid:173)

ing,  April  15th,  I 865.  His body was takc·n 
to  his  home  in  Springfield,  Ill.,  and  there 
buried,  l\1ay  4th.  Andrew  Johnson,  by 
virtue  of  his  office  as  Vice  President  an~l 
in  accordance with  the  law,  was  sworn  in 
tates  a  few 
as  President  of  the  G nited 
hours after  the death of  "?\Ir.  Lincoln. 

On  the  same  night  that  the  President 
was  shot  Secretary  of  State  .  ( \\ ard  was 
stabbed  ancl  badly wounded  b)  an  accom(cid:173)
plice  of  Booth,  which  gave rise  to  a  belief 
that a  plot  hac.l  hc:;en  arranged  for  the  mur(cid:173)
der  of  the  President,  all  the  members  of 
the  Cabinet,  General  Grant and  others.  i\ 
n;-1mber  of pc.:rs.~rns ~vere ar_r  ·ste~l  on  suspi(cid:173)
c101;  of. Lemg  unpl1~ated  111 
th1  plot,  and 
their  t:1al  resultec~  111  the  conviction  and 
excc~t101; by  hang1cg- of lJa,.·i<l  E.  I I arrold. 
Lewis  1 ayne,  'Mrs.  ~Iary  E.  Surratt  at 

• 

-

( . 

I  SI 

• 

MA.JO]\ 

l!J·:•\J·:HAJ,  HIJ l•:1t11JAN  HllllNC I 

.\l10NCI 

'l  n  pr••  r nun.,.  ",., r 
.i.1  d  tlt'  ·ri  <.<ll  fu  i•m,  .Jh wdonir1'  m•"t"'of  llwir  ·1rlil11 

•  It riclan  ri1lin"  al•>n![ 
I 

,l 
\\'< r  •  t  11  v•  l<  1.rn~  whom  .., 1,,11111  ill  J·  k 

tlw  li111  s  aft<  r  l . . 
· 

I 
t  11 

t•·n 

1. 
u< 

. 

·ry,  W<'nly  f1J1·1·pq 
I 
'11  "lit  ia< 

us .v1ct<1ry  at  h sl11·r's  I ! ill 
I 

•11 .. 1  1 
· 

. 

, 100  pns11n•·rs,  w1l  1  <.:.uss1111s 

is 

S<)  oft<  n  J,•d 

to  liattll'  in 

· 

..  . 

'rim  ] , fN l·:K 
.  . 

.\l'"l'l·: H 
I 
ill"' 
'i1111 11ii ·1 '"ll•T.1\  S!wridan'~ whnk  fort'<'  ""'"  snon 
indel'<l  :t  -.111ril• ·• 
I 
.1 
1 j  ;11J1 
I" 
• 
thi,  very  \ ,ilk)'. "' 
insi>irL•cl  lw  past  vii  LOI)'· 
5ci.f 

(' 
"'ll<'ra  ~ 11·r11  .1 1\  w.1~  nn  """ 

011 
li"t 11• 
1'  h.ivt• 
0
~  S 

. 
• 
tt1 
I  .  l<'I'  hnt 
· 

I 
ll<'l'I\ 

llA'L"r t.H  O'•' 
• 

'•'JU, JJl". 11'"  lllU .,  Y I ..  Kl·~ l"l'l'.MHl' I\ 
'  n 

1
'11 ).J 
( 

. l 

,u ' 

. 

" 

' 

121
'

"  l~UI 

r  \ 

~ossession  ''  t ll'  t'Oetll)'' 
ll'  ,,,.\"  llt'anl  lt>  " ' ' .   "l  ,Jo  n1>t 

, 

'"  ,,.,,rk,.  <lri,·inn-
l.  1;"  ti 
t  1111  · 

tlw111 

lt'rt' 

, 

lik••  sill"<\'  T1w 
,.,·er  "  ''  .111 

'"' , , <'r.1tr,  t tn·" 
.1r  II)  su  b.1J')  r"uteJ." 

(' 

f  l 

1 

FRAN/(  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRA T'E'n 

JJ  HISTORY  OF THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

506 

,,... 
J<.!()rrrc>  A  At 
i\T udcl, - Mi~ha(·to~th,  wh~Ie  Samuel  A. 
oughlin . and  Samuel 
;\ rnol<l  were 
for  lifo. 
sentenced  to  imprisonment 

Th<.;  surrender  of  th 

· 

.  e 

s avcry  111  th  U 

of  the  Confederac 
e  two  great  armies 
President  cffectua11 and_  l7e capture  of  its 
rary  government  f;e~ u_s  ied  that  tempo(cid:173)
.  et ,  and  settled  the 
qucstion  of  1 
. 
· 
~Hted  States. 
fhe Civil \Var in  Am 
~xtended  in 
erica, which was  more 
life  and 
area and  more  destructive  of 
in  1 • t  property than  any  other  recorded 
Un. 11s  ory,.  was  over.  The  number  of 
I 
unng 
. t 1e  war  was  ')  666 
ccordrng  to  a 
' t 
:.  atement  prepared  by  ti  Ad. 
eral's Qffi 
JUtant  Gen-
ce, t le number of casualties in  the 
S~a~ nte~r a.nd  regular armies of the United 
es  K~nng the  four  years  was  as  fol(cid:173)
l 
ows: 
0 
wounds 

illed  in  battle,  67 058.  died 
,., 

ion  soldiers engaged  on  the  field  d 

f 
ie  of  disease,  199,720; 

A 
1e 

,  4.),012; 

-, 
1 

,999. 

d'  d 

) 

. 

. 

' 

' 

l 

bl' 

on. 

Th 
e 

city 
of tl p~  ic  receptions  were  held  in  honor 
the  1~ir  ~blble work.  A  beautiful  close  to 
throu cl~r~v  e  struggle  th~y  !1ad  passed 
ton  of the ats• the gr~nd review  in  \Vashi ng-
" 0  armies  that had  conquered 
L 
ee  and 
J ohnst 
troops  were 
ma~c Yd  to  the  vicinity  of  the  National 
capita '  and  then  on  May  22d  and  2  d 
lo(cid:173)
the~ moved.  through  the  city  in  Ion 
~es~~on, reviewed  by  the  President  a~l his 
a  .net and  the foreign  M  nisters. 
The work o'  d:  b 
is  aw_·ng  the  armies  was 
h 
t  en  beg~n,  and  in  a  remarkably  brief 
space  of  tune  the habiliments of war were 
c~~~  off,  and  the  s~ldiers,  now  respected 
~it1zens,  were  back  tn  their  places  in  of-
ces,  stores, countingrooms  and  on  farms. 
From  the  first  of  June  to  the  middle  of 
~ovember 800,000  of  the 
diers whose  names  were  on  the  rolls  May 
lst  were  mustered  out  of  service. 

l,000,000  sol(cid:173)

· 

. 

-

' 

11 

I  f 

In  obedience  to .. 

in  all  time to come. 
'V<l! 
cou~~ry s  ca  you  e  t  your  homes  'ind 
fa!lldies,  and  volunteered  in  her  def .:n~e 
Victory  has  crowned  your  valor  and  ~e: 
cured .the purpos~ of your patriotic h ·arts; 
and  with  the gratitude of your countrym. 
a.nd  the highest honor~ a great and  free  ~~'. 
~ion can  accord,  you w11l  soon  be permitted 
to  return  to your homes  and  families  co 
scious  of  having  discharged  the  hi~he nt 
duty  of  American  citizens.  To  achie:e 
these  glorious 
triumphs,  and  secure  to 
yours~lves,  your  f~llow  countrymen  and 
posterity the  blessmgs  of  free  institutions 
tens  of thousands of your gallant comrad~ 
have fallen, and sealed  the  priceless legac , 
with  their  blood.  The  o-raves  of  these  ) 
gratefu~ nation b~dews wi~h tears. 
It hon~ 
ors  their  memories,  and  will  ever  cherish 
and support their stricken  families." 

Although  it attracted less attention than 

(H:A.NT'S 

)JOVEJUENTS  SOUTH  OF  THE  JAMES-BATTLE  OF  POPLAR  SPRING  CHURCH-THE  NINTH  CORPS  PASSI.KG  POPLAR 
SPRING  CHURCH  AND  CONFEDERATE  PRISONERS  COMING  IN,  FRIDAY  AFTERNOON,  SEPTEMBER  30TH,  1864 . 

. 

total  deserted, 

other  causes,  such  as  accidents,  murder, 
Confederate  prisons,  etc.,  40, l 54; 
total 
r 99, 105. 
died,  349,944; 
~umber  of  soldiers  in 
the  Confederate 
;<:;rvice who  died of wounds  or disease (par(cid:173)
~ial  statement),  l 33,82 r.  Partial state1-r:ent 
::>f  deserted,  104,428.  Number  of  United 
"tates  troops  captured  during  the  war, 
2 12  608 ·  Confederate 
troops  captured, 
p 6' r 69.'  Number of  United  States troops 
par;lcd  on  the  field,  16,431  ;  Confederate 
Lroo  5  paroled on  the field,  248,599.  N u?1-
IJ<'r gf  U nitc:d States  troops who  died  while 
30, 1 s6 ,·  of  Confederate  troops, 
e 
A  <rrand,  imposing  spcct~c e  was  pl rel-
e  soldiers  who  1a 
s<·ntc.;<l  wh<;n 
cl  nsked  t 1eir 
ives 
l'n c1 u red  har  s 11 ps  anf  I  .  U  . on  returned 
for  the IJrcscrvat10n  o  t 1c 
h  . 
fj  1 l  Of  battle  to go  back to  t  e1r 
rom  t 1c  1c  c 
f 
.  E vcrywhere t 1ey were 
pe·1cef u I a vocatwns. 
d 
rc·~c·ive<l with  expressions  of grat.1ltlu  e  and 
·t  every v1  age  an 
<l 
1 
affection,  an 

prisoners, 
10,r52. 

h 
t  e  Jrav 
d  l . 

. 
in  a  mos 

l 
.  cl 

.  1· 

.  . 

1 

1 

I 

I 

111 

· 

, 

. 

-

>=> 

Just  before 

the  disbandment  of 

the 
soldiers  took place  General  in  Chief  Grant 
issued,  on  June  2d,  the  following  address 
to  them: 

" Soldiers of  the  Armies  of  the  United 
States :  By your patriotic devotion  to  your 
country in  the  hour of  danger  and  alarm, 
and  your  magnificent  fighting,  bravery 
and  endurance,  you  have  maintained  the 
supremacy  of  the  Union  and  the  Consti(cid:173)
tution,  overthrown  all  armed  opposition 
to  the  enforcement of the laws  and  of  the 
proclamation  forever  abolishing  slavery(cid:173)
the  cause  and  pretext  of  the  rebellion(cid:173)
and  opened  the way  to  the  rightful  author(cid:173)
ities  to  restore  order  and inaugurate peace 
on  a  permanent  and  enduring  basis  on 
every foot of American soil.  Your marches, 
sieffCS  and  battles,  in  distance,  duration, 
res~lution  and  brilliancy  of  results,  dim 
the 
lustre  of  the  world's  past  military 
achievements,  and  will  be  the  patriot's 
precedent  in  defense  of  liberty  and  right 

the  Army, the  National  Navy was of inesti(cid:173)
mable  value  during  the war. 
It did  excel(cid:173)
lent  work  in  the  blockade  sen-ice  and  in 
co-operation  with  the  Army along  the  riv(cid:173)
ers  and  seacoasts.  vVhen  the  war  broke 
out  the  Navy was  composed  of  but  7,600 
men,  but before  it ended  that number had 
increased  to  5 l,ooo.  Durino· the four  years 
208 war vessels were  constr~cted and  fitted 
out,  and  414  vessels  were  purchased  and 
converted  into war  ships.  Three hundred 
and  thirteen  of  these ·were  steamers,  and 
many of  them  were  ironclads.  They cost 
the government  about  $19,000,000. 

The  National  vessels  captured  or  de· 
strayed  more  than  r ,500  blockade  run· 
ners,  which  had  been  fitted  out  by British 
merchants  and  furnished  with  even·  kind 
the  Conf edcratcs. ·  The 
of  supplies  for 
capture  and  destruction  of  these  yessds 
trle~nt  an  aggregate  loss  to  their  O\\ ner~. 
tak111g 
the  value  of  the  ships  and  their 
cargoes  into  consideration,  of  dose  upon 

FRANK  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

$30,000,000;  b.ut  this  was  probably  bal(cid:173)
a.nced  by  the  unmense  profits  that  were 
made  on  the  cargoes  of  the  vessels  th 
su~ce~ ful~y "ran  the  blockade,"  althou ~ 
this  v10lati<;>n  of  the law  could  hard!  ha~e 
been  a  pay111g  transaction. 

y 

CHAPTER  XXIX. 

O.\RE  OF  THE  SICK  AND  \\' oUNDED-Two  NOBLE  ORGANIZA(cid:173)
TIONS-LIBERAL  CONTRIBUTIONS  OF  THE  PEOPLE  FOU 
BENEVOLE1''T \\7 ORK ON THE BATTLEFIELD-T 
IN THE WAR. 

HE  EGRO 

•  N 

THE  sick  and wounded  during  the w;:i.r 
were  \~~11  cared  for  by  the  government 
author~ties.  The~  were  very  liberal 
in 
supp~ymg a. su.fficient  number  of hospitals 
a.nd  m  fur?ishmg  them  with  every  neces(cid:173)
sity,  and  m 

the  employment  of  a  large 

body  was  fou~ded by  Henry W.  Bellows, 
and  was  organized  under  the  sanction  of 
the  President and  Secretary of War.  The 
founder was  made  president  of  the  board 
of managers of  the  commission  and  Fred(cid:173)
erick  Law  Olmstead  was  cho~en  general 
manager of  its  affairs. 

The commission  at once appealed to  the 
peopl~ for  money and  supplies to  carry out 
its  ob_Ject,  wh!ch  was  to  help  the wounded 
and sick  soldiers  with  delicacies  ice  stim(cid:173)
ed  1~urses, 
ulants,  fruits,  etc.,  and with  train
and  to  do  other  work  to  relieve  suffering 
on  the  battlefield.  The  response  was  re(cid:173)
markably  liberal.  Money  and  supplies 
flowed  in  at once.  Men  women  and  chil(cid:173)
dren  worked  for  it  and  ~ontributed  to  it. 
Fairs were held  in  all  the large cities in  aid 

1

cared for,  and tents and trained  nurses were· 
always  on  hand. 

The United States Christian Commission 
was  founded  by  Vincent  Col.Yer,  an  artist 
of  New  York  and was  orgarnzed  at  a  Na(cid:173)
tional  Conv~ntion  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Associations  on  November  14th, 
186 I.  I ts  work was  conducted on  the same 
general  plan  of the  other commission .. 1 t 
distributed  a  vast  amount  of focd,  hospital 
stores,  delicacies  and  clothing,  and  at  the 
same  time  looked  after  the  moral  and re(cid:173)
ligious  welfare  of the  soldiers.  Bibles  and 
other  good  books,  newspapers,  pamphlets, 
etc.,  were  well  circulated  among  the  men . 
in  hospitals,  camps and ships, w~ile cha?e}s 
for 
religious  labors  and  public  worship 
were  erected  at  every  permanent  camp. 

THE  ARMY  OF 

'rHE  POTOMAC-BATTLE  OF  HATCHER'S  CREEK,  VA.,  OCTOBER  27TH,  1864-THE  SECOND  CORPS,  ~DER 

l\'lAJOR  GENERAL  HANCOCK,  FLANKING  THE  CONFEDERATE  WORKS  AT  ARMSTRONG'S  MILL. 

number of skillful surgeons.  When the war 
was  closed  there were 204 general  hospitals 
fully  equipped,  with  a  capacity  of  nearly 
13 7,000  beds.  Beside.s  these,  many  ter:i(cid:173)
porary  and  flying  hospitals were erected 111 
camps  and  on  vessels  and  on  battlefields. 
In  the  report  of  Surgeon  General  J.oseph 
K.  Barnes,  at  the  end  of  the  war,  it  was 
shown  that  during the four years.there  had 
been  treated  in  the  general  hospitals alone 
1,057.423  cases,  among whom  the average 
rate  of  mortality was  only  eight  per cent., 
which  was  smaller  than  had  ever  before 
been  known  in  any army. 

One  of  the  cl-icf causes  for  this  low  rate 
of  mortality  in  the  Union  Army  was  the 
b<'.ndicent  work  done  by  two  grand  or(cid:173)
ganizat iCJns,  known  as  the  U ni~cd  States 
Sa 1itary Commission and the United States 
Ch nstian  C<.1mmission.  The  first-named 

of  it,  and  they were  well  patronized,  one 
fair  in  New York city taking in  $1,r8r,500, 
while  one  held  at  Poughkeepsie,  on  the 
Hudson,  netted  in  profit  as  much  as  an 
average of one dollar to each inhabitant.  So 
aenerous was  the  response  to  the  commis(cid:173)
~ion's  appeal  that  when  the  war  closed  it 
was  found  that the  people  had  contributed 
to  it  to  the value  of  $5,000,000 ! 

The  commission  nobly  lived  up  to  the 
high  apprecia~i?n  t.he.  people  show~d [or 
it. 
It was  untmng 111  its work  of  reliev111g 
distress.  Everywhere  the  armies  went  it 
followed  closely,  and  was  always  ready  to 
afford  instant  aid  to  those who  needed it. 
With  ambulances, army wagons and steam(cid:173)
boats,  which  it  employed  specially for  the 
purpose,  the  sick  an<l  wounded were  care(cid:173)
fullv  and  tenderly transported  as  so.:>n  as 
pos~ible  to  places  where  they  could  be 

The money ar:d suppli~s ~ontributed by the 
people  to  this  commission  amounted  in 
value  to  $6,000,000. 

Through  .these  two  great  organization 
and  the  vanous  other  association  formed 
ev~rywhere f ?r  t?e  same  purpose,  and  by 
pnvate  contributions,  the  loyal  people  of 
the land spent many millions  of  dollars. 

The .employment  of  colored  troops  in 

the U rnon Army was for some time a  much(cid:173)
debated  question. 
\\Then  a  number  of  col(cid:173)
ored men  got together  in  I  cw  York  city 
and began  to  drill,  in  answer  to  the  Pre -i~ 
dent's  c~ll  for  troops  in  April,  1861,  the 
sympat~1izcrs with the Conf edcrates became 
so  111d1gnant 
the 
ncgroes  with  :riolencc,  and  the  superin(cid:173)
tendent  of  police was  compelled,  in  orde r 
to preserve the public peace,  to  order them 
to cease drilling. 

they  threatcnell 

that 

FRANK  LFSLJE'S  .ILLUS 

, 

TRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

- -- ~ 

= 

CE~-:E  IX  C..:U\I:P  LIFE-C~"'EY  ARCHITECTURE-THE  FEDERAL  SOLDIERS  AT  THEIR  CA .. \IP  FIRES 

:\ year later  the  action  of  General  Hun(cid:173)

ter,  then  in  command  of  the  Department 
of  the  outh.  in  ordering  the  organization 
of  negro  regiment 
in  his  department, 
aroused  the  indignation  of  outhern  ym(cid:173)
parhizcrs  in  the~ ational Congre  s. 
\\'ick(cid:173)
liffe,  of  Kentucb-,  made  a  motion  to  a  k 
ecretary  of  \Yar  '"hether  General 
the 
Hunter  had  organized  a  regiment  of  fugi(cid:173)
ti,·e 
\aye-.  and  \Yhether  the  goyernment 
hcid  authorized  the act.  \\-hen  Hunter was 
aske'-1  for  an  an-\\·er  to  the  fir  t  que  tion 
he  said :  ··  ~ o  reg-iment  of  fug-iti,·e 
la,·es 
ha->  been  or  is  be~1cr  orcranized  in  thi  de(cid:173)

partment.  There  r.  h~Ye\·er. a  fine  regi(cid:173)

m~nt  of  per-ons  "·hose  late  masters  are 
furriti,·e  rebels-men  ,,-ho  e\·erywhere  fly 
before  the  appearance  of  the  I\' ational  fla_g, 
leaYing  the;,- en·ants  behind  them  to  shift 
for  them  eh·es  as  best  they  can." 

A  few  ,,·eeks  afterward  ~ ecretary 

tan(cid:173)

ton  i  ue<l a special  order directing General 
-1.xton,  military  governor  of  tl~e 
Rufus 
s 'acoa5 t 
islands,  to  "arm_.  uniform .  requ1p 
and  recei ''e  in to  the  serY1ce  of  the  t.;  111 te? 
St,lles  such  number  of ,·olunteers  of  Afr~~ 
can  descent,  not  exceeding  fi,,e  thousand, 
as  would  be  useful. 

l' 111  If 

. ltO 

"LV  to  <rive 

In  the  summer of  186'.? crowds of colored 
b.  \\'.  Phelps. 
)eople  flocked  to  the  camp  of  Gen;ral 
in  command  ~bO\'C  .  e~v 
Orl-?an-.  and  volunteered 
their  sen·1ces. 
Phcl  b  a~ked  permission  of  General  But(cid:173)
ler  t~ arm  and  equip  these  men  and  form 
!1"ffro  recriments.  Butler,  not 
1 . 
h 
t 
.":':-
.  ... .,.. 
t us  perm1ss1on, 
J 
.::.  Jorec.l  men  be  em-
having- auL  ,011  . 
·umrested 
that  the  co 
. . 
::-.::-.  ~ 
::, 
. 
•1 
·ork  on  foruhcauons. 
r ·<l  .  ,,  I  am  not  \\'I  -
·11 
1 
p  oyc 
To  this  Phelps  reJ
slave  dri,er 
J  ie 
1
. 
h 
t  1e  mere 
•·  er  no  qualifications  t  at 
111 ~  to 
ynu  propo~e.  la' in-=> 
way." 
ae then  thre\\  up 
l 
1 ~ 11 

his  commission  and  re-
. 
It  was 
l  . 
turn  d  to  11s 
thi,  th::it  Butler  had 
not  ,·err  long fa  ter d of  ne(Tro  yo]unteers 
full  reguncnts  orme 

I  • ·ome 
JO:.  1 

d  rn  sern e  " 

ermo 

le  in 

nt 
. 

. . 

. 

. 

. 

. 

, 

. 

· 

\ 

• 

b 

from 
leans. 

the  free  colored  men 

in 

ew  Or-

The  prejudice  against 

the  arming  of 

negroes  did  not  abate  a  particle  until  an(cid:173)
other  year  had  passed  by.  Then,  in  the 
summer  of  I  863,  Congress  authorized  the 
to  accept  colored  Yolunteers, 
President 
and  regiments  of  them  were·  formed 
in 
many  places. 
In  a  Yery  short  time  there 
\Yere  nearly  200.000  negro  troops  in  the 
field. 
their  freedom.  The 
Confederate  .  naturally,  did  not  arm  their 
slaYe  .  The\·  used  them  in  menial  \\·ork 
about  their  ~amps and  forts. 

fighting 

for 

CHAPTER  XXX. 

ExcH.L'\GE  OF  PRISONERS-PEC'LLLIB  Po  ITION  OF  THE 
n; 
Go>ER.' D.l.E.'i:T-Th.EATlrE1''T  OF  UxrnN 
CoxFEDElliTE Prusoxs-i:L'\ 'G:N"F.illl  ExcHANGE-THE 

OLDIER 

OUTHER.'\  PEOPLE. 

It 

them  as  equal  ,  ,,·hich 

A  HI~ TORY  of  the  Ci,·il  \\' ar \rnuld  not 
be  complete ,,·ithout  some mention  of  the 
arrangements  for  the  exchange  of  prison(cid:173)
ers  and  of  the  treatment  of  Federal  sol(cid:173)
diers  confined  in  Confederate  prison  . 
was  a  long  time  before  any  plan  of  ex(cid:173)
chanCTe  was  adopted,  becau  e  the  T ational 
Gov~rnment, considering the  Confederates 
as  rebels  against  its  a-utho.rity,  'rnuld  not 
at  first  consent  to  enter  111to  any  nego(cid:173)
tiations  with 
it 
would  have  to  do  to  arrange  any  plan 
for  the  exchange  of  prisoner  .  The go,-(cid:173)
ernment felt  that  the  Confederates  had  no 
ri<Tht 
to  take  or  hold  prisoner  ,  and  to 
tr~at  with  them  \\·ould  be  an  admission 
that  they had, which  would  ?e  worse  !h~n 
acknowledging  them  as  belligerents.  St1.ll, 
the  o-o \·ernmen t  could  not  treat  the  pris(cid:173)
oner~ it  took  as  rebels  and  han_g  them, 
for  the enemy would  at once  retaliate.  and 
the  war  \\'Otdd 
ery.  The  first  prisoners  captured  by  the 
Federals  were  pri\·ateers.  anJ  tl_iey  "er~ 
condemned  as. pirates and  placed  in felons 
cells. 
Immediately the  Confederates  con-

thus  become  mere  butch(cid:173)

fined  in  like  manner  the  officers  captured 
at  Bull  Run  and  resen-ed  them  for  the 
same  fate  that  should  be  meted  out  to 
the imprisoned  priYateers.  Then  the pris(cid:173)
oners  taken  on  both  sides soon  numbered 
among  the  thousands,  and  something had 
to  be  done. 

At  length  the  Federal  authorities.  after 
trying  se,·eral  deYices  to  escape  it.  were 
compelled  to  open  negotiations  "·ith  the 
Confederate  Go,·ernment.  and  a  plan  of 
exchange  \\·as  arranged.  . It  is  interesting 
to  note  the  scale  of  equi,·alents  that  \Ya 
agreed  upon  in  this  plan. 
\\'hen  there was 
no  officer  of  equal  rank  to  be  exchanged 
for  a  captive  officer  it  \Yas  arranged  that 
sixty privates  or  common  seamen  \\·ere  to 
be  giYen  for  a  general  in  chief  or  an  ad(cid:173)
miral ;  forty for  a  flag officer or major gen(cid:173)
eral;  twenty for  a  commodore,  carrying  a 
broad  pennant,  or  a  brigadier  general; 
fifteen  for  a  captain  of  the  na,-y  or  a 
colonel ;  ten  for  a  lieutenant colonel  or  a 
commander  in  the  navy;  eight  for  a  lieu(cid:173)
tenant  commander  or  a  major;  six  for  a 
lieutenant  or  a  master  in  the  nan-.  or  a 
captain  in  the  army  or  marines;  four  for 
master  mate 
the  navy  or  lieutenants 
and  ensig·ns  in  the  army;  three  for  mid(cid:173)
shipmen  and warrant  officer- in  the  nan·. 
masters  of  merchant  Yessel  and  commanu· 
er  of pri,·ateers ;  two  for  ·econd  captains. 
lieutenants,  or  mates  of  merchant  ,-e  sels 
or  pri,·ateers.  and  all  petty officer·  in  d!e 
naV\".  and  all  non-commi  -ioned  officer'  III 
the· arm\·  or  marine..  Privates  and  com(cid:173)
mon  seamen  were  exchang-ed 
for  each 
other.  man  for  man. 

in 

~ 

This  plcrn  had  been  in  operation  but_ a 
short  time.  howe,·er,  when  f efferson  Dans. 
by his  anger at  the employ.ment of colort'~i 
troops  in  the  Federal  ..  rmy.  interrup_ted  it 
r 2th  ot  t!1;~~ 
in  January.  i  ._ 63.  On  the 
month  he  issued  a  proclamation  ordenn~ 
the  delivery  of  a.II  officers  of  the  F edt:r:tl 
th H 
Army,  commandmg  negro 
· 

' 
·o  1er~. 

ld' 

. 

, 

FRA .. VE  LESLIE'S  ILLUSTRATED  HISTORY  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 

509 

t 

l 

.. 

,  o 

th 
mi ,.ht  ?e  captured  after  that  date  t 
e 
tt 
a 
e  aut 1orit1es,  to  be  hanaed 
respe~ 1\·e. 
1
th.os '  oldiers  be tre~ted 
and  dbirlectmg.  t  iat
1
:1.::  re  e s  agamst  t 1eir  ma -ters.  DaYis  then 
in-eructed  the  Confederate  Commissioner 
of  Ex.chancre  to  refuse  to  consider  c 
t. 
ap  1ve 
I  d 
troops  as  prisoners  of \\·ar. 
co ore 
\Vh 
'.\. 
).  -t 
en, 
. 
ederal  Commis-
•  u5du::.  · 
11.1 
th 
sioner 
. 
ese 
instruction  , 
· 
mmis-
. 
Ve  will  die  in  the  1  t 
sio ner  wrote : 
ditch  before  givina  up  the  riaht  to 
asd 
. 
:::, 
sen 
slaves 

. 
6 
h 
Id  dJ, 
t  e 
eman  e 
the  reYokina  of 
1 
t 1e  Confederate  Co 
"\ 

ac.-.  mto  slavery." 

b  k 

b 

b 

· 

F 

. 

R ecognizing  the  just  claim of its  negro 
d~fenders  to  an  equal  right  of  exchange 
with  other  Federal  soldiers,  the  National 
Government.  caused  a  cessation  of the  ex(cid:173)
change  of prisoners u.ntil  the colored troops 
should  be  treated  s11nply  as  prisoners  of 
~var.  Th.e  result  of  this action  was  a  farge 
mcreas~  m  ~he  number  and  sufferings  of 
the  U mon  prisoners confined at  Richmond 
Salisbury,  Charleston,  Millen  and  Ander~ 
son ville. 

Stories  of  cruelty  toward  these  prisoners 
soon  became  current,  and  before  long  it 
seemed  as  if  Davis's  purpose was  to so  ob(cid:173)
struct exchanges that the Federal prisoners, 
by long and  acute  suffering,  would  be  ren(cid:173)
dered  unfit  for  active  service  aaainst  him. 
To  investigate 
these  stories  of  cruelty  a 
committee  was  appointed  by  the  United 
States  Sanitary  Commission,  with  I)r. Val(cid:173)
entine  Mott  as  chairman.  After  several 
weeks'  investigation  this  committee  ren(cid:173)
dered  a  report  in  which  it  said:  "  It  is  the 
same  story  everywhere ;  prisoners  of  war 
treated worse  than convicts;  shut up  either 
in  suffocating  buildings  or  in  outdoor  in(cid:173)
closures  without  even  the  shelter  that  is 
provided  for  the beasts  of  the field;  unsup(cid:173)
plied  with  sufficient  food;  supplied  with 
food  and  water  injurious  and  even  poison(cid:173)
ous ;  compelled  to  live  on  floors  of ten  cov(cid:173)
ered  with  human  filth,  or on  ground  satu 

rated with  it;  compelled  to  breathe  an  air 
oppre.ssed with  an  intolerable ste:J.ch;  hem(cid:173)
med  m  by a  fatal  dead  line,  and  in  hourly 
danger  of  being  shot by unrestrained  and 
brutal.  ~uards;  despondent  even  to  mad(cid:173)
ness,  id10cy  and  suicide;  sick,  of  disease 
(so  congruo~s  in  character  as  to  appear 
and. spread  like  the  plague)  caused  by  the 
torn~  sun,  by  decaying  food,  by  filth,  by 
vermm,  by  malaria  and  by cold ·  removed 
a.t  the last  moment,  and  by hundreds  at  a 
tune,  to. hospitals  corrupt  as  a  sepulchre, 
there,  with  a  few  remedies,  little  care  and 
no  sympathy,  to  die  in  wretchedness  and 
despair,  not.  only  among  strangers,  but 
among enemies too  resentful either to  have 
pity or to  show mercy.  These are positive 
facts.  Tens  of thousands  of helpless  men 
have been, and are  now being,  disabled  and 
destroyed by a  process  as certain  as  poison, 
and  as  cruel  as the  torture  or  burning  at 
the stake,  because  nearly  as  agonizing and 
more  prolonged.  This  spectacle  is  daily 
beheld and  allowed  by  the  Rebel  Govern(cid:173)
ment.  No  supposition  of  negligence,  or 
indifference,  or accident,  or  inefficiency,  or 
destitution,  or  necessity,  can  account  for 
all  this.  So many and such  positive forms 
of abuse  and wrong cannot come  from  neg(cid:173)
ative  causes.  The conclusion  is  unavoida(cid:173)
ble,  therefore,  that  these  privations  and 
sufferings  have  been  designedly  inflicted 
by the  military and other authorities  of  the 
Rebel  Government,  and  cannot  have  been 
due to  causes which  such  authorities  could 
not  control." 

The  man  in  charge  of  the  prisoners at 
Richmond  for  some  time,  and  who  was 
responsible  for  much  of  the  cruelty there, 
was  Brigadier  General  John  H.  Winder, 
who  was  among  the  leaders  of  the  mob 
that  attacked  the  Massachusetts  troops  in 
Baltimore.  His  reputation  for  inhuman 
treatment  of  prisoners  was  so  great,  that 
when  he was  transferred  to  the  prison  at 

Andersonville,  in  Georgia,  the  Richmond 
Examiner exclaimed:  "Thank Cod,  Rich(cid:173)
mond  has  at  last  got  rid  of old  \Vincler ! 
God  have  mercy  upon  those  to  whom  he 
has  been  sent!" 

The  Confederates  themselvr:s  furnished 
testimony corroborative of statement~ m:1de 
by  the  prisoners.  In  a  report  mark  1 ~ ::;ep· 
tember,  1862,  by  Augustus  R.  \\ nght, 
chairman of a  committee of the Conf cderate 
House  of  Representatives  upon  the  pris(cid:173)
ons  at  Richmond  in  which  Union  soldiers 
were  confined,  he  said  that  the  state  of 
things  was  "terrible  beyond  descrip~ion "; 
that  "the  committee  could  not stay  in  the 
room  over  a  few  seconds" ;  and  that  "  the 
committee  makes  the  report to  the  Secre(cid:173)
tary  of  War,  and  not  .to  the  H ous~,  be(cid:173)
cause  in  the latter case  it would  be printed, 
and, for the honor of the  nation, such things 
must be kept secret'  ! 

When  a  committee  of the  United States 
Christian  Commiss:on  appeared before  the 
lines  of Lee's  army and asked permission  to 
be  allowed  to visit  the  Union  prisoners at 
Richmond and on  Belle Isle for the purpose 
of  affording  them  relief,  with  the  under(cid:173)
standing  that  similar  committees  on  l!k~ 
missions  would  be  granted  the same pnv1-
leges in  Federal prisons,  it ·was refused, be(cid:173)
cause,  as  Confederate  witnesses  testified, 
the authorities  at  Richmond  did  not  dare 
face  an  exposure  of their  methods. 

During the  cessation  of  the  exchange  of 
prisoners  nearly  40,000  Union  soldiers 
went  through  the  starving  process  and 
were  reduced  to  mere  skeletons,  so  that 
they had  hardly strength  enough  to walk. 
Having got them  to  this pass  the  Confed(cid:173)
erate  authorities  made  a  proposition  for 
the  resumption  of  exchanges.  For 
the 
sake of humanity the National Government 
agreed  to  it,  and  the  poor fellows  in  Con(cid:173)
federate  prisons were  liberated. 
It  could 
hardly be  called  a  fair  exchange that took 

OPEHA TIO. ·s  AGAJ~ TS'r  CHAHL.ESTON-DRILLIAN'l'  DASH  AND  CAP'l'UHE  OF  CONFEUEHA'l'li: 

P..UI.SON.ER8  BY  THE  :FEDERAL 

'l'UOOl'S  ON  JAMES  ISLAND,  S.  C.,  FEBRUAHY  9w,  l!iG:i. 

llU'f,1•3  1'IT8  AN]) 

5ro 

FRANK  .lESLJE'S  /LLUSTRATJ:::D  11/.SJOR y  OF  7/fB  CIVIL  WAR. 

· 

l 1 

in  a 

p!acc;I th •n,  for  the soldiers confined  at  the 
•  'CJ rt  1  wi:rl'  \~c:ll  fr<l,  and  otherwise  com(cid:173)
f ortal,!y  prov1d<.:d  for  Th . . 
· 
is  was  recog-
n 1z<'c  >y  the  onfc·d<.:ratc  Commissioner ~f 
~~x_ehange,  who, 
letter  Lo  General 
rnclcr,  from  City  Point,  when  cxchan :res 
had  been  resumed,  said :  "The  arran~e­
ment  I  have  made  works  largely  in  our 
\V c  get  rid  of  a  set of  miserable 
favor. 
wretcl~es,  and  receive  some  of  the  best 
material  I  ever saw." 
,  If his  own  statements are  to  be believed 
licncral  Lee was  not one  of  the  Confeder(cid:173)
ate  authorities who  knew  of  the  existence 
of  a  plan  to  starve  the  Union  prisoners. 
In  February,  1 866,  he  testified  before  the 
National  "Committee on  Reconstruction" 
t~1at he  knew  n?thing  of  the  alleged  cruel(cid:173)
ties  about  which  complaints  had  been 
made;  that  no  reports  about  them  had 
ever  been  submitted  to  him;  and  that he 

who,  by  their  selfish  and  sordid  methods, 
brought  the  war  upon  the  country.  Had 
the  people  of  the  South  been  allowed  to 
have  a voice  in  the councils  of the seceding 
States  it  is  not  unlikely that  the;re  never 
~oul<l  have  been  a  civil  war,  with  its  ter(cid:173)
rible loss of life and destruction of property. 
They  would  probably  have  found  some 
other  means  more  humane  than  war  for 
settling the  differences  that arose  between 
the  two  sections  of the  country. 

CHAPTER  XXXI. 

REORGANIZATION-PRESIDENT  JOHNSON  AND  CoNGRESS(cid:173)
'rHE  REC0Ns1'RuCTioN  CoMMlTTEE- SLAVERY  ABoL(cid:173)
IsHEv  BY  CONGRESS-AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITU(cid:173)
TION-RETURN OF •rHE  SECEDED  STATES TO  THE UNION 
-CONCLUSION. 

IT  was  a  long  time  before  the  country 
recovered  from  the  effects  of the war that 
had  been  thrust  upon  it.  So  many  differ-

·arm 

)though 

sink  into  insignificance." 
and  even  more  s  v  r ~  languag 
by the  President when speaking of th  I  d(cid:173)
ing  Con fed ~rates,  he  soon. ~ho" ·d  by  hi 
actions  that  he  not  only did  not  m  an 
do  what he said  he would, but  \as in 
sympathy with  th"'  friends  of the late Con(cid:173)
In  every way he could he se  med 
federacy. 
to  try  to  retard  Congress. i~1  its  effor 
at 
reorganizatition  of  the  limon.  He  also 
seemed  to  do  all  he  could  to  th van  an\ 
measures looking  to  the  betterment of  h~ 
condition  of  the  people just  made  free  by 
the  proclamation  of emancipation  and  lJv 
the  idea  of  dt(cid:173)
act  of  Congress. 
ceiving the people as  to  his real  purpose in 
regard  to  the colored  race,  he  proposed  to 
the  Governor  of  .Mississippi  to  give  the 
franchise  to  such  of the  freedmen  as could 
read  the  Constitution  and possessed  prop(cid:173)
perty  worth  $250,  well  knowing  that  the 

\\Tith 

BATTLE  NEAR  KINSTON,  N.  C.,  MARCH  8TR,  1865. 

1.id  not even  know at  the  time  who  was  in 
command  at  Andersonville,  Salisbury  and 
other  places  where  Union  soldiers  were 
confined. 

But whoever  knew  of these  cruelties  to 
Union soldiers,  or whoever was  responsible 
for them,  it  is only just to say that. the ~reat 
body of Southern people were entire~y igno(cid:173)
rant  of  them and in  no  way responsible for 
their  existence.  Had  they  .known. of  th.e 
terrible suffering that was go111g  ~m 1n  th~ir 
prisons  they would  have  been  JUSt  as  111-
dicrnant  as  were  the  people  of  the 
orth, 
and  if  they  had  the  power  to  do  so  would 
have  corrected  the  abuses  at.  once.  The 
great majority  of  the  people  111  the s~:it~-
.  tatcs  were,  as  they arc  !low, 
·rn 
111  -
loving  humane,  hospitable,  and 
t  cl 
I 
tolerated 
lcar e  • 
would  never  for  a  mo1;1cnt  1.ave 
t atc  of thing·s  111  their  part of the 
· t  and 
•at c 1  a  s  • 
t 
1 
~ountry if  they  ha<l  known  a  ou 
coul<l  have  helped  it.  They  werle  pm 
i 1osel)'  kept  in  ignorance  by. the fsc l.em111g 
• 
•spons1ble  or it,  anH 
polil1c1ans  w 10  were  n 

.  .  . 

1 

1 

1 

b 

, 

' 

ences  of  opinion were entertained  as  to  the 
best and most satisfactory methods of bring(cid:173)
ing  about  a  thorough  reorganization  and 
reconstruction  that it took  several  years  to 
gather the  different parts of the  Union into 
one united  nation  again.  The country was 
unfortunate  in  having at this  time  a  weak 
President,  and  one who  did  not  hesitate to 
usurp  the  powers of  Congress whenever he 
could  by so  doing  carry  out  his  own  ideas 
and  further  his  own  interests.  For a  long 
time there was a war  between the Executive 
and Legislative branches of the government. 
President  Johnson  had  declared  in  his 
inauio-ural  address  his  intention  to  punish 
the  eading  enemies  of  the  government, 
and  to  a  delegation  from  New  Hampshire 
who  waitecl  upon  him soon  after  his  inau(cid:173)
o-uration  he said:  "Treason is  a  crime, and 
~ust be punished  as  a  crime. 
It must  not 
be recrarded  as  a mere difference of opinion. 
\t m~st not  be  excused  as  an  unsuccessful 
rebellion,  to  be  overlooked  and  forgi.ven. 
It is  a  crime  before  which  all  other cnmes 

laws  of  Mississippi  made  it  a  punishable 
offense  to  teach  a  colored  person  tn  read, 
and  that  in  the  condition  of  s]a,·ef}'  not 
one  could  hold  property. 

The first  step  toward  the  reorganization 

of  the Union was  taken  by  President  John(cid:173)
son  in  proclaiming  the  remoYaJ  of restric(cid:173)
tions  upon  commercial intercourse  between 
the States, which he di<l  on A.pril  29th,  r "'6.-. 
Soon  afterward  the  President  appointe 
provi ·ional  g·overnors  for  se\·en  of  tho.  e 
States which  had  formed  the  original  Co  '1• 
federate  'tates of .\merica.  Hegan~ th·  :n 
·  ,, 
authorin· to  call conn~ntions of the citi 
who  wo(ild  haYe  power to  reorrrani. c  .;: 
,t_ 
;:-. 
. 
,,;l 
governments  an 
, 
e cct  rcpre:-;ent:l' 
d 
l 
CongTess.  These  conventions 
.t\  ~  :  \ 
11et  • i.: 
Jl 
acted  according  to  the  Prt!"id  • 
. 
.  •r. ,. 
t1ons ;  u t  w  1en 
onoT1: s~  a.: · 
,.·,  111··  · 
~1bl  • 'h 
December  4th,  it  ,·im~alh·  con 
d t 
I) 
res1  e~1t s acr.10.n, as 1.  u_·urpati 
~  r. 
1111t 
by  pa ·s111g  .1  _101nt  resolution  Jdi  1  ff.' 
nt • 
. 
· 
\ 
J0111t  comnutt<.:c  to  b~  co Tl' 
members  of the  Hnuse  of R1  I- -
f  .:•·: 

I  ~  C 

I 
t1 J 

on 

Fl 

·d 

b 

• 

. 

· 

· 

· 

· 

~  Jl  ..