wfl-u‘a-d -' -\I. Ian-— - .‘ II.” If L —* ”U. - o ' ' L'-- '-."-.__ " --.. -—C.b*. . c . -.. - .~.I . -.. a .. k... ‘0 -. I I - ' ~' 0 . .. - - ‘ . ’ . ...fi‘w ..-- . r- I" A s .0 . . ,. _ I 'I .r" ' - ‘. 0 -.- - .- - u ..I 90—- -Is— -. -. I I I \ .... 7...; _. ‘ .“&‘: ’.".. 4" 0.0.." ~ ’a“ - ..- } ‘1" ' --— x o- ,w-. n I... 0...»: ‘ ‘0' 0‘ II 39.- ‘ -Y'.:I:...' ‘I’ w ‘0‘ :‘T_E'.: 'vt“? ‘- «‘00 a.-.” A.» \“m_.~g '- ' "I‘—‘ - I: a. - -' - I I ’ ’ ‘ .-I¢..- ......” ._ a“~QI‘ «0—2: * "’ - Iv- -‘-' .s 3".“ I. n In“ 3'3.‘ *umI'm ..II 3’ ~‘:~.'...--’ .tw‘..m’ l .7 ... -..5- ’"w —.~—A—.o~-_. M \__.‘ ' ' .. ' ° '.""'-" *‘.1 LL (~o“ ‘41 r. . I. -' - .I . o - ‘ -. G b - '1 -.— I . O ... a - . . ‘ ‘ . ' L; ‘- - "‘— ' ' ' .-. ~—..~. ~- L ‘ -- H-) "-..:"..‘ ' ..- ; _-':r '~ - WA.}~-~'&”wwu1¢+‘I 37233..“ 5 <> _‘ I , I . ' I- ~-» -. o O... I --- .I—” I O O I - I» . _ \'° I’ "" -.“ ’V ‘ ‘ 0 ¢ ...-I a: - I- ‘ M;~"w -- I _.'- - 00 — . . 0 . __ . ‘- r .- l' I- c .. f :-- .~ . . - --- .. . . ..- - .- - 4 ._ z .3 ~.- :-. f“-‘=-. fun-aw} 1'2":-=*'-«‘ " ~ ’5- ” ".--*---‘-«- “ " . ° .- - ' a o ~o - t- M "I ‘ ‘° ' I Q. . .‘ --I ’ '~ .0 “.51 "" " ' ‘ ' - °’ - “.‘ ‘ ‘ .' o - 1 - .. .. V . r' -" ‘0 3‘ .54 .,.' - .' . :2‘ 5s. “.2 . 9": “‘3‘ , P ‘2 '0 - - :- ' o 0 , .- ‘ - . 4 . .fl. - ' -."\_ rl._. ‘ — . 0 - ”I. -.. ‘I‘ .0 -—--- 0‘ h. I“. H. ._. --r-I:I. IIdI. I r’.‘ mt“ . ’4‘ 3..“ . "““--~'¢~C~£§7 :_ ..t- -. 9 I. . ‘ ' _ - O y. 0 o .o .t. IQ“. ‘ ... q. 2-- .nI.—-¢~I ..?~ I“-‘- . . K‘-.». II‘MI 3‘,{ ‘IIQ -;~_ ‘ . Ik. “. ‘ ‘ D‘VWI. “31:0:‘ ” 7.. -.., - - . .- . ... _ . - .——.: ”A“. .II_.. . .I 1”,... - ~ -- .. _.II ' '2'. ..‘..'_.‘.‘::_"’;‘ 1 . ‘(HW - ._ w~.—.9‘.~:.~ . ' 0-0- 0 v . o . ,‘4 :'I. ‘ ' .. I- -- .I _ ~ ' . .I;; 3:" - * V - -._- .. 0-. I‘- I .‘I -QIL‘..: .‘t. I”.. . :...I...II V .I ‘V .‘Q: 3.: -_ . ‘.I'_I'“':‘:‘."‘3““I '1‘ .v5‘ . .... ‘0. _ I C. - ‘ .-.0 - ; at. _ -‘n‘..- . ." ... - . ‘ . .1. ..0 - . _ ...; <:. . . ”...- .- or ’ .5 . ~.A.O‘-'.\‘.0_" . .‘ .“ 43": 3‘. ’d’; -_‘ ,, ..’ .. . _.’ ...- ' o. . ..__, 0‘ ~ ‘. ' -. I"... vuI.um ‘th- -\-..'\~f‘ vdvr— .»_‘. U‘ L' ,6... '~ . - '4 ‘ 1 ' ~ ' ~- -,-* 3" .-... . ... ... .;..‘~.- ‘- mm»- ...~:".;~.z‘.“";'n‘:. . "" - .- - . ‘ ‘ .‘ -- 0 5'. 'II‘ o- . ... -' I... ' "Q .- I ..I § I- d' ‘ ‘ ‘ '. .‘ 'I- "' -- 0 . "“" -oO-O-‘~o \ A I I“ ..I. . -- . ' * 1" ‘M ...“. ‘ ‘ 55 :.~-.;-,.. — - *' x ' ... . » ~~.-~ -- ... “ m“ .r. .-:;. “1;: . ..2: ~-~¢'w§ ..‘:;-‘-~- - 3"" . -- 'I - . - . ‘ ‘ - I... 0 do - - - - - ' . I - » h f0 0. . - ,. ._.‘.. . .“ - . .. . Q-.5’c‘0 -o as... -s . I. . ‘ - ’7 o be “5.... '- -:,’. . ’ :lovon - Ir.-.- . -_ - ..--.. - .— . I - _ _ .. L. ... )2): "“ ‘ - ’- '.'.'{.‘ A..bc<5 1.... “...; 'I-'h\ fi‘t—u.’ _ "' '3 '3 Ir ° ‘- 0 ‘. I I... ' I -_.._. I I - I' .. ‘ z'. ' I. I" I I 'I' "I. " *‘ H‘“ I. AtI-wt’M‘ I I:-'::3I. . .WI u. v _n - . . ° 0 ' ‘ ' -’ . o 0- ‘ -..“. on -o «.‘v I“$..:,‘.oo-.‘-.’ , -‘I-.I Cli‘ ...“ ‘ 0"..vI ‘k ”TQI...*'.“ C“"‘; i .I a o .- 0 ' o "l’ .9 0“." 0.. .. I' M... t“ . I ’ -00 - 0 -0 I. v,'.: . II... + :. ‘IL‘ ..'~' . ‘.’.'I l ' ‘Q %I (0.. OH I"‘( |-~-’;:‘* ‘:-.” ’1‘?! VI.“ .‘ :I ~. - -' .~ ~. ‘ _ fi. v . .__ -. “ _ - _- ' ‘ ‘ 'H‘: ' v. ' i. ‘ ... - - d... _ . I. I I .I . “II ~77" L“ .’ 'I' ‘ I‘ ‘- - - “ ‘..:. ”I. *1 ' .uI;a '} Ibi‘h . 5? I“. '32-”31133;“?~~::.‘L~.73§~:?14;1 ',, _ ‘.' ‘-. II.._. . \O _‘l' -_ .I‘ ,. --‘- .' . 4~'-»0*‘.- tip, ’"9..." .II .£V::'I‘. ‘g' ...-.6 ‘g- "‘ ‘9‘}. 'v‘z' 0" - ‘ - _ ' . |’~ 0 n .P c- z I 'QIW— t W? k". ' O " ‘ .— . -, ’4‘.-. v‘ 'o - '3'." ;":L 1‘ 5-. (.'J.'... . .. ‘.~' ‘VFo-‘:::..;. ‘3. "f :‘m:t-- ’ ’. .4. -‘ - e ... . - \ ... ' 1. H °° ‘ ”0'. .. -' '.. . ‘ s. .. My - _- ~ . '_ ' o . .I.' I ‘ . U . f . u :II‘H I .-‘ ' II”? v‘ 0 .1“ ..I .‘v‘.Ie‘. " tk'~d'fi. “.‘. "51' " .ké. ... ’- £115}. ’3: m;’~R—. W ~ — - ..-. . L .- ..-.. - .d .. - . -'- 7- r ' --.. .w. . «(J-pa. a. 3m 9 s , ,v a .. . . 't _.I In “.I ..‘t . 0 3:1- . a s '9‘; . c: I‘VJJI)‘ ¢ I»: :I .-..“ 7“". ". A- . ... Ara-1*- .... . JOOW~ a. .4» x . " ' .’ .1 . ”T - _ .‘ .-:.-..-.:.L-n§..».= as ., my nee-- .fv.!..‘,‘°.‘g~:" .I_.:‘.‘..:'--'~-~w—- ~«a---.-»:j¢ - — - .- ‘ -’~ “-0 . . .-::~' ...- ' 1' 0 _ -. . ... ' I. o - .I . 1| - - . I ~. ' .\. ... ':.‘ 0“.a .9 .~. 3 f .9. ~ g . ;‘ ;’~r’. -g§¢ 5‘ z..- 3' . . . .9. 0. 0 o. ‘5- I- .u‘ T) 5 ‘ . I ~’~ r ... A _‘f I. —‘ I’ - ,. ...... ..- -4 m. -3: “ I‘ _ I - " ' .-I u. r - I ~. -- o- . _ :‘. ‘\ -’-0--u I - -I .I .. ’1‘" "0 W. 0 s n..; ‘ 3" . — ’.' ' - ’ - ~ .0 O 'I I IqI'I .' ._ ’ '_ ‘-"_ ‘ . ‘ ’.‘.' 1 .‘ _ I "RV 'vI-I I. . I.’:~I 6': ..- a I I ...-'4 9 ‘39 K ’va” : ' “" , ‘I; - - Jo L " .' .-. - -' .. 1"P'oh'i‘£ . . '61.. 4 Pf..1 -.' .4:“ .c .. ~’ 3—3.: ~II _ ' I ‘I'.2.‘:\ 1'.' "U ‘1‘. ‘- ~‘o~nb’;r¢“.' ' kt I" . . ~ _ I. ‘ .‘ 1‘ - . .‘ ’ .‘_. I‘u‘q. . u -i . ..-... ._.v&0‘v:.‘f ',.. II 0" . WW I. . w- ).— - - . - ‘JIhz 0 -§ I a”; .... .‘-..f. ’1' . . ..._ -"3‘ .fl . T ; <30": 2“ U"; .r ‘;,I . 9-.IQ‘..?.I.§I :t’ _ ‘ .-- o.~ - . . p.‘ t ‘ 4.4 .‘ . A c r 0‘ 1.9.332. . '— .v {-0 _l .. I" I-I‘I-‘If‘ vi. I”. ":1" v, ... g.) 7‘3IO:-' v - - O . . ' _‘n ‘ ' ' '. ‘ O I.“ ‘ . ' I _ .-vs_p, ,i. \\‘I ..I. - . - ... _ - - . ‘ ° ' 0 n o . ’ o u ‘ ‘- ' u A I. ‘v . . . y g. ' 0 .-~ ' I »' " . - - --' .7 "' -:‘ - - —---- '-~," ~ won," .".'... Dew. .". '1. ,1» -'-‘3I- 3"? ~ '- u '1 a .I: .. . ' - co; . ‘ ._ . . - -. 0. _.‘. ..., :d‘fi" -93}. . ... I. a v J I:--.‘i(‘ y‘.o‘°"s '.. ...flfi). '1’ ’.... ’ (... O... “I : - ’ _I .I‘ - _-.. C i O o I . I' ‘.& g.4 0 .. -,, .{4’3 ' ‘5: . ‘ J H " ”'1 ’I:IO-v;.0p‘, “I _ _ ' " - o o‘ -, . o - '0.'.* O . I . I‘V'...“ - V'j ~\-..c ‘ 1 I J . - , OJ“. . - 'I o » I. q r affix"?! 'j._0 J‘ IIN.' of... - “ It’- ‘ I. I ' u " ' ,‘2 u 1 "’ v" '1' "i ' ‘ 9"“ ' . ' ‘ ‘ ' or - o It ‘22-. 0 I I“. 'I I I"' fiv-vy' "m- ‘I o ' ' "I" P’- - | “W" .i - ‘IJ- *'- .~ I ‘.- . . -— _ ' 5;. I- I ' I '9.‘ .... oIo‘ .):‘- - I .00.:?-i.f - .2 I . "tioo 5'“ I! I 'gI ‘v‘fl ?M’2/v I! ---“.‘I 2" .O'Ii 9..A".~‘ IJI.‘ 0‘ I0..’: I. {o I, "' ' ' "- ' I I ~""-" “‘ ‘5‘". " ""a ' “;‘rrv~"'~~ - -‘.--".-:*.. t - . .... :r’. “ ‘ ‘ 7" 9.1.; .‘..'4 :‘I-' . - ' '0 I - I III- I .)' ‘I ' I I". - - II I0. I I I I..II~.’.$.O I..‘.~. _.‘.‘-” .... jII'I'I I I’ ..II‘O'I If. I P. .'."O -u ‘ -p.. 7.....’ It'.‘:;. '.,‘._ 0......“ I" h- '5 ‘ . _ . , . . - ' C‘ . ' -. . ' D. p I. ' 0' uI Jo- _ n - y. .- . ' . . ". 'I"_ _' . 1"; ._..I. -0._<"-’:_:' .. . I‘ -. . by~.- v1" . _.‘" .h,‘ oInI-I'x: OI” . O .o ' '. a °“¢ . . ... "" '- v. I .... ...y' I.‘ " 0-- .<0 a t . . ‘ . ... ,. 3 . a .I ' ‘ ' " o u ‘I _i ‘ ' " .I I ' ’ °" ~ .Is 7- " 3 '9 :' I :N.'::I°I::- I”LL‘-"“,I"I I." ’ u" - '“II I’ on... .n.._ 'I' II (I. 'I’ 0.]; PM: 'q: . :" if... " :V _ .. - — . ...x P f'.I-.P ...--P I' . ‘.. ‘1"‘3'7‘V’ " _.' pm.I..""I- §,x‘,,.’.1(0‘II' ' I'I'..=I_I.:; "’I"".::. -“~‘-'"‘v 1' V..;-‘w 9‘.‘ ~IJ -‘.. . "'3 ‘I '- ;°-’-- ‘— ~ od ~‘ ..II'I .'S¢.- .s—q-NoI.‘ Q. {-0.93 g..-a.....‘ '?\.,"II.-- '9‘". .'.- '" “‘3' . _g #‘ um Kb'ffls‘J .. . , .‘ ' ... . a . . . I a. . , .~ . ' . -, 'V - . -0 'C .v ~ ' O ‘ 1" “ ". ‘I;‘ "O. _- HIV'VI‘ t1 0-. II". 9,4" ’4. Q'I-JJ. .0. _ .. 'JiI .. 0.0. *I .M, -. 7"" V" '9‘; '-Snt.','a‘ - - 'I ' ' ' g -\0 00 5-»‘ 1‘... I, - ’I 3“,“ ' "' '31:... . .... .. II‘II ' .1 ° - - o --’ .’ ‘ r... _ . .. o c 7 .‘ -‘.. ‘:".’I'<-".g._-'1NLQ’.> $3VVZ- ~u.~..,§._II. _l.‘ ', ‘3 5" '-.- _.|’- 7%.on$_ 0 o - . ~ I. ‘ - . 4 l, . .A .I - . - :.I.‘ ' o ’;, ' G ‘-’ ‘0 .". -c- ' - , ' ~4 ‘ - : ‘ - - . . ?. - I '1. . f .f. . _.' "Jr... . -- ". '. ft...“ .3 f‘ "‘:.“..I..‘! . '...."IJ‘I .‘ Ir. dI.7 :-~!‘.’,‘C".. -_ _ r - ' - - .. .. .I;'-..' , ‘ . . . ‘ f‘ ’\.,I J. . gang‘. 4- '2' ’,:. .. gt}. '.- . ,' . . -—. ," 0 I]. '9' (I). I; ' ....‘Zfifi 0' ‘LI .? . -’4 .. _ - -. . . ' . .I...: '-I.. .k '7' ... L‘ Iv , . ~. . ‘II'Od. ‘ . run-OI ". ... . ..-. .....IAJ 5r ....‘EI'I. .‘L 'M ', .. h . —¢.A.- J ‘ . c . .: Ir‘_ c ' .‘ v‘o -~ 0. I. ‘1. f‘ f; '5' ' ' ' ‘ ' Or“. 00' ' o I, ‘ -‘Z' :- . '.o.‘,’u' .q'I v . ._ I . ., . . '1 . ..._ - o 0—. _ _ .. J v \0 (:0, . dI“'l-‘. vs“. III: I -9‘. "-3'~..-b :- 10;. '. g I f ‘ - I ‘ I'v“.- ‘I ‘ '. 1 ' 'L ' ‘ “ I. I. .‘ . 7 V ' " {.9 0‘ '0 a {: QI..1.| . . V. t ' - I . -".’AIrO—J‘ ' ' I ‘ "‘ ‘ ‘ I . - ‘ Iv ~v" '- I": I‘.’ - \' It, III I" "~ I'. .III ‘3' ’ ... .5. ' Y3“ ’ "‘0‘. ' o '- I ' I .' s; ‘ 0 '~l. r...,. I .I-I ’9‘»). v I“ “N :' OI: I.‘ H ' 0’" I. ’I II II ’ “’30-? I If. _ . . . ..' O.‘ .' . '. .‘I 'l. o'l.- . I 0:" ~~ ' ‘I ‘. u r I.. JII'II. 4‘37 I’. 0' l..' I 9 II III ... ' )0 I a! I 0 I. III." ' I“ .. Q I . IV - a::’ ilIi‘A'I. ..II‘ Ir"., ' f .. Ia; ; i”. I-.I. I I“ V - _.' — r . o p. ‘ ‘ .... . y‘a.. If‘i'I. - ‘ ... . . ‘ a ‘7 |'U.‘.‘ J ‘ I'}.‘ ‘ fi 1" . .. ’ OI.'-.. . . - .O .3 ‘ - ."-4. .5! .00 4,. . 'L . . on. '0. I - '!\.I-I‘ .‘. . - I. ,‘I..' no... on...“ .VN‘. l “~O-°.‘.'~“nr 'I. 1 I 0. ‘I2"‘. 4.3;." *4 . ' _ 0 ' . . . . I. - . c 0 fi 5 k - . . . I 4 I. z. ,‘ '. . o I ‘ .I o ' 7‘. " ... ’ 0 r '0‘ ,n’ .'¢. ( ..f‘ I. 1' . ¢ . ' ' ,_. I’l- . '-I I” .‘ I "' "J't‘ '9..-'.})’ _ “ «N. I . ..‘.. ,g ‘II- I. . 0-,. . .35 .- . '. . . '- o ‘ .IO . I | I". I.. ‘w ' .I IIII - ‘. (3' . -.a 0‘. I I... ‘- f? ' If" . ' "'I"Iv"-II I! I' '4 ‘I- . " "lI . ......I ‘0 I‘v- ’I I’JIy'\I .) ."‘ .0 I. o. . - . '-’ .' I ‘ .' 0.- '.‘ n.0,. . ".- .' cg . '..' A dr. 9“ ..I" . ',_ .‘,".‘. - . ..- H I... .... I '.I ‘kx‘. 3, 0I A.‘.;._‘ " - L .a - . . “Fag-VI 3“.) A' -f 0 . . . ‘,_--I' - .. . ... , -(. . . -': ' ...; 'II'O-‘r... -o.'f v ""‘ . .- . W41“ aw. ‘. ' 0 ' . . L. o . "' --‘-‘ _.’ ‘ ' ‘vr - ..-8.? 3"; "9‘!“ I" 3"” "O 7 '4’;‘ ‘ I ' '“T” ' _.‘ I . ‘- 0 f‘. f‘ ‘ o O . o, 1 .IfTII -.. '. ._ O,‘.?,O’.',." . . “O. ‘3 1". Iv fl'f’ 4". 0" :"I: on. .v. " ‘Q‘LIo'an'.’ -$.'T' . ‘ ‘r - ' I ’ ' -» > -. I ‘ -. ' .. I. ,PlIo-J "f ,, 3.3.. ‘I-rI'I “-.I ~ "1.35.. .‘ .-‘-' fat; 3 ’4‘ I: I. .‘UpavIIlv-ne . I . . I I " I - ' '. I . . I . I ' ' "' a. ' o I '. a“ .“ ho .‘ 'I' "4 ’- ' ‘I ' ' ’“rOI “5 00'." I.h_{'¢0’.a .' IIIW 1'3. - 0; v-” -'--'o' “a“! ll.’ '3th 01:3: , Iv;'I “(LiIrIf ' ’oI'oI 'I"- - - . — . I I ' III . ‘ n 2 _. - O ' . ,-.I . .. . . r . o o I ‘ . w. 0’ ‘ '2...: '. . ‘ 5 I.' .... ‘I \ - I a " '9 .‘... tfi’. ..- ‘2" . O, . . - .' - , .. l.- .‘l- 0 I- .:.~". -' {I '0 ’: 1.2-. o" q " .t &l. O . 4. o, w ‘. f." '-.-... .I I I ‘°":' 1. I... 4 . o, . ~ -.;’-.: 1" HI. IOII""-"I‘ 3n" ‘ .. .. "5.".4'-",'0:.I JI. .I‘"r{‘.‘, szr’f'“; suo‘Il 3,5... {_.I’IJ’ “(‘- .I).‘#“0W¢I£" .- - .. I - . ., ...-4' . o‘r.I-.’I.{ .... ...-MAI: .‘ I4I,‘ Ii’qu’gIII -.o'.-'. 9...!) 5.0.: . 0 I".:I , -\ o .5. ....". QII», 903' v ‘p' ,0.“ I'I,(.I.IS‘%I3{' '[3 [{1}] OJIJ .,'I“,'I ‘j’;. o- ' " ‘ at . _. - '.-. _ O ‘r I 5 ' . -,‘ lo 0 ~ ’o 0 ‘1'. '.. . o a. . ” .'.’ “:0 .J '. '_‘-." 0‘ . .,_.- flxaIljg’II‘fl ..." ..‘ f; ‘.- q' -.’JI",‘-. 0. ‘. .r...- 1?, :"rcf" .3Yy.;: fig“. ”hug. Fr?” ‘1; ,dyfi’. I’I'iI".(.). .0 c 0." .- . :1. . ;. DD 0 .g-..r0 C ...: ' . . I. ~ . . ... l "" .’ ~ 1"... 1.- ’ ." ""P t 9 . O . I O . - -'._ . .. 5-. I ,m . g. a i . . i”. ‘- ' . ' ‘ . 4v. :3, .. ' ’4 P‘ n ‘ oo . - . - I .' o. ’ ,-.-__. ;- '. “.va .~,.\_.. yifIlpII-,‘.. q-.. -’ .. ... . .Ot'I“.'—.. IN? I u . Input, ”,2: ”a. fio~.‘,;;,'P.-. ‘ . a J ~.¢:J"I‘.I , I. . . o d. . o 0 I- .."I' - Ht}. “...: ‘2}: ‘WI {Ki-J: I'. "‘ 0 I- 3 u 0' -- .“’I..'$’.-.‘. .5'f " ' :“"‘a.-):"n r.“ 1,. "OI If “I '1'! 9”“ I‘.I_‘O :‘If; 0-. :Wga ‘ I I. o ‘ _fl 0. .' - II- . , ‘ 0 n‘ ' . I, ,‘ f. "I'l ,..\f '. v ' ' J v. ... - ' ~".._cu ". .' .' .. - . . 3”; “"0"; fir.) “(I’m .I ." ~- I n I ‘-fl I ' I ' I f; h. I . 'I!’ ‘ V‘- s 0 ' f-. "I . i v' 8 O t . I. . v " ' ' ‘ ' , o b' - .I'IJ’n ‘ ‘I-. II, I' .‘ w , 23",” 1"; '. .‘_': I‘ ‘, II-II.IIII . -‘ °-. .‘I 1;. I‘yleo-l-nI 1:. ...“ ..r‘. . -.. . ’,I“_. ’; w »'. . I.II ‘I I x ; r I t a «.4. ”.I I . ”I. - III: 1.05:1; "". 6’ :p‘: 00:1. :linf'i; {90.1%- . . ..I' .- §'_ . .0 . ._ .- l O '. ‘ .:§ " ' . . ' . ‘ ..I..\.; I - -~{.[.(.: A I . 1' I I- ° ‘ ' ‘ 0 I‘ 'I I . 1.7. I' I .I if”; I IIIIII. 'I'I‘I' " I'.'I'"- 'I‘ ' IIIII’Q.‘ ‘4’. ' . 3:53 'éjé‘ -. a: I ‘ I W ‘. n—I ",I -4_ °'«.'. "‘ II!" ' 5"“. «11', I"! ’ 3:", :1“; if)?“ ' ‘I'II ‘I‘LIigfi .‘I " . o. {F .. . I If , a no ’1‘. ‘ 0..“ If... 0 II_‘_-7,’ "fl: .‘ '-"P‘y‘ ‘ J 'I. ' .’ lfil” :.’J.‘ l}.’n . . 'r . .' . . - u ' g ,0 ‘ . ' u ”3‘ . - ‘ -’ . a 9 'I'» II" ‘r‘II'.' "3 s. ’:J3 " I‘.‘ I. . ' r ,. I . -1\O I..."."’.' ‘I .I a 9r I I ‘I ‘I I"".I ‘II .‘34‘ "I 'JII‘ KI, 'I.“"II I'f, ' I ’0‘! “kl-L); ’ 1"- ‘ II 0 (I) ' ' '- Lift/$1.): [1"Sft r‘fai'vé.’ o O . . . ...v .I . III “ ' I ‘0' . ,. . '- . I. . I ... .... '1. o "" . . 'I ’hw M’- _. 5.. I! . .. , .. .. 1,." .- f -x‘ 'JIHII- n"‘!- ..';'--} - ..° 0-". Jo .1 --'-.‘p. .L w .’.-.c.' . ,3; --o, . u ’2: 1:.r.‘.‘;i-L-'.-./,’.",..,.m.r,4 23$; 1'-’.';T"'W§¥‘-'ia . .1 I a 0- ' I.--"-.-' ‘. ' 1' .‘ .-‘ ' f" ‘:I ... I . ‘ I... I. ".I ... I' ”.d I .. . II - .g.‘. . O '0' .' ‘ I. .’ .0 :-_.' - z; ‘ ' e . .' " 'IV’M w I .' I- ' ‘ "I "I "I" 1' I. ' “'u.‘ .'.' a 0!! {I a}. II'LI! ’- '. ‘J‘I-I‘Iqi? :6" I “'0 'Iv'III‘l“ ' 3’: .' Z'I .‘r'u. f. ..p :I"‘ 1" {(-1 gtvw}". ”'3‘; ‘H'I" IyI'; .‘I‘I If. 'I’i- t?- Is’h|.’ in. l 1 ,I ‘ . . 1. '0 I: [)0 'r‘ .0 . . I J ,.‘ .. ...wnr. " .I’II‘” .”” 9 ’I'_I‘;|.;.....; ‘ . ...; II""’.'.-:..':‘I;’-: ' ...... if; a; ’5;:”.’ ; . “it, uni.“ JII , 'I :11: I I}..f('.2;¢‘ 1}; O *% ”1‘16 3;. .7.) “1-3: ‘ 0”! .-. -.. ‘ . .' -.. I. ,‘ I . .’ ’ . .-.. ¢. 0 I ,. T. " .‘ l‘FI'I f. -. . " x! h ‘-o .I.’ ' I‘. ° ' ' ° . II I .I III II "V " OIff‘Ihh'Q“ ‘ ”I" 0"“"IIII°-'I‘".’Ia ’1 . J-o I-Il "'3‘:- a, ):.',"9I;i4'II' I It" 'IIg/ifll'VIINll" ‘3: néifionI’JIJ" "o? 1:.Ifi".:"¥I{'-I¢ék‘?inafi '7"% ' “- ~o " 'I . G 0- ' ..-. IF. ' ' ' ' "'. at“! -. '_ .u‘ -' ' u.. ’ . .' I I I5) :I'I "* ' . - ' - - z . ’IX QI‘N‘ ’."“j“j"I . °. a“: ° - r --'. ‘J' ‘3‘: .95.; ‘-"f‘-'.? " " 1'4"" “Hut a47?.r.-.&“f“’!r"vp?‘? {.zr‘ #09. 31"“ i, a. I-— f . r 0 0;. I . ,. .' ';...' I' L..:'t: "..”;;.Ir'.. ‘ r' -. I’LLJI"... fi' ‘1’. I. . . " 'I. a". 2. o I ‘;’ I'A’.’ ..I'” ’3. II... :}’I; ',f'13‘ky. ".' ’(I’O’IJI. 0. 'i. ...)“. flI‘I’ ‘I’ . o. . fl‘fi 9"}. 2 9 . ‘ " ' ‘. ' '. ' " - ’ . ‘ o ' ‘ . I . -' 3 I . I’ ~ I . . .. 4 .. I . .... y. :. ... (III {"4' _ _.‘ ...: . .' ’I.I‘,-“.II.".I ‘ . p. u If}. ,M'I .. .'I.V:: j" 3’. "‘." I." i)". 3"}:1-‘ ’0 If.:;t-'!I" ,’lI-"I4 d!) .>.4~: 4, 1:,- ‘8' ;’.;r'.;."f' {5' ‘N‘ 4"" a, '5I’JI I. .1. 5.11" .' In. .‘- I . DIv . ... l . . .' . . A ‘v-' (o .- J I; ’,.f’ 7.00 .. :fl‘- - r . ..’.ll,... J )"'I';II"#;'I" 1.7 tr}. W‘I J2“: we I" fi“ .I . oIIn . . o; . II . -’ Io . . . 0‘ A. I’.‘ .'. I: I ’ Q _. I: . I"'I I.‘ "n‘ '0‘ .. ’I’4.0.~. 0 1‘3. {IF-'13.! ‘ VIII/0‘ I.‘ . ‘d; 9" _ “‘9 I." o. :II’H. .1 - " J: ”II , n . . .. _ ‘ - - a - - - - . - . -‘ r ‘ ’ - ' 1 ~ -- ' . . n . , I . , I . _. . I . . I . , I . . .J . ... ..L pf." . q 'I _ '0" ~5‘II’I’ oar . )42':O‘J: '0 I" 7’ ...;‘v . 0.0 III I . . " . f " 5. IF . .I.-‘..f. I‘k‘ . ‘63:; I. : I . . ' ‘0' .’ ';- I .- IO’." '0 :'. ‘I ‘1 I "I‘. . I‘GI" _é’ffi") :'¢".I' ’I 3‘?;.’. ’I’. .I. ’l;’ 1",.” -'I a, '32:?97 ’.:'.I.'}="!- ( (I; kg . g ; N.» o . v . 5 o . I o I. .o_.- } I."I".,II' I. 0‘ '1 ‘03,..2I". . .3;.'.I,.£. ?.I‘FI.I:").'I ’9‘ a“. /I;‘II 2" ‘I‘ 0'. .0 0 ’&l;. ’.:':§.J"rl. lit-00“: I”! .'m1:::‘,'f.'f. Ila-~'T{c ($010 i 1- ‘1: .’ _ o .. .° ' . ' .' " ' ‘ h. - - . . 4v ,‘3‘ _VII."'.:'. IgoI‘aloL‘al: '03."’ .JSJJ' b ‘ u '4': If,“ - o .' y- - on 0.5“ ”(I n ('l I .' I . .“"_‘Ir ‘ ‘v‘v‘ 0 J ,-.‘_,O “y'\ I" 0- _ . . O ‘ H. J 40 l 'u.‘ .‘ ,u. d 0 .1. .I:' I 13:: .- 0”,ng fill 01.. v :‘f—I’." ,:"" ..12'3‘} fi‘ 0"‘ 3;: i’: - :}) 3;}y’. ’2‘.. . .J 1 -°-~ o . o . " ’.: ’.' “"1" ’J “.‘IfiL’: III? M I‘M- , . "“" 0‘05’1“ II '3. . oo‘ta: ... '0': o .... :f'.‘ .. "J.’l I... 0".) I ) .3m‘f:“t‘fi.~ “)v.:” £': f}. :M31Il?’r' -a::.:. -.'."'!M¢:’J'-¢‘ .’ . . , ‘ ' : ~— .. .- _( -'.. . ‘ .-" .,' 31“ K I. . I. . _I o .I. I: rig): :I’I’l". L; :9'0- 250:. ,, ’3‘. ‘O'I.<.:::p’:; ' Iv - 3.1;? g.“- _.tfv ’2‘, . A" :5 'IJIr’QiIJ'f. ’j ' 0 ' d‘ .. '. I -‘I‘ '- _ " II. A o o I ‘ .I ' 'f' «In . '.' ’. ' ' . at". of 0' {Fro-.13.; "Jar/J; I. «‘34:; I "3...? L 4“ '3. " " ”mu,“ 0:..- ~. 0 $1, , . I I I . I ‘ t .J. “-1.. 'rJ ‘ 'I .:.II.“, " .-.. a .-(w - 34' ~ - 3: '. ,9 6,, ‘ - ’iv 1, J. .'J.1’3".'!’I';;I2I rr ”:1”. natty:- ;~aI-"~'-.-‘" 9; '. 9 J ‘ ‘« ‘ J fl. IXI' " I; a: . 'J'Ivl't It. - h ". 'I’g:::¢";cIoOOo-j' If». I}. ' " " 'J’? t!" 1 g ‘- ' "'I- - O 9 I. I. -. - ..'I ’ ' ) .IiI’IIé ...I .z‘I't'I ""':"f' fi}J§IoloI’ "‘0? f Hu-IN III .0 r'.; .""""I: “"‘"‘""‘d"".w l ' I v . g . 'I' .c. a'uqb’ 'u:l n‘I - ‘ ‘40:), gluon. ' ; 1‘1.” 3 0 q o -..»:‘r'...’ I 1““. _.'u I..I,.'.'1f,;;I,.II 6" :3” I I 0". .a ord‘o ”-9.. thO’O vIc.'Its ...:I ..‘o I "3;. .-. ..f it: I}: ° '57.; .3 ' ' xi $75 "2" (:0iI-Ifon..."I‘.-§. nit-arr. l." I a—’ ' .' ... m1 “aimi'i a i: '33:; m- "lefflIn: 'c ...‘-.D‘.. 0.-'2D‘1‘.‘."'.I:0I..“ “I. ...... ~~no- .....«Yq‘s‘oIvu I'I'l'."jk £513.: «.2. 1“" ‘ h... ...?i.‘ a‘;u;:- “‘1‘, >-I‘L-- P . yr, : ~ a. A" '13 .Ls‘ ““ . '\ my cf- V as! | . r. "'5" #7511353?!" I w}! 9.1.: ..sh. ...,«uiq grab I‘lf ‘ U ,(l . _,-. m. fiaflyzsmw .. H :7- ' ~ . u ,«fimamr‘fi 1’ J i «1 m ‘ 5T 1 ‘2 7 , .4 V P ’ ‘35 .- , ‘ *' . ‘_ V .,__1“v‘-E z‘ . , " ' ' Aqua? *3 - . 1-3 ‘1‘- \ "j ‘- J U - €5.0- ‘ " DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CARTER CAVES EXTENSION AREA AnEAbstraot Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Home Economics of Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS College of Home Economics Department of Home Management and Child Development 1967 By Jewnettie Munn Darnell DEPARTMENT OF HOME MANAGEMENT AND CHILD DEVELCFIEUET Michigan Staze University East Lansing, Michigan .Iv J.“ . n . .. V .u ... . k L .~’ 0 “Wm... J 4"..- tall 783W . ..‘EJ'IIR‘ u L THEQII ABSTRACT DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CARTER CAVES EXTENSION AREA by Jewnettie Munn Darnell The purpose of this study was to assemble secondary data and by compilation and confirmation of currently avail- able information, describe accurately the characteristics of the people and families in an Extension.Area in Kentucky-- specifically the Carter Caves Extension Area. The major source used for collecting these data are the United States Census Final Reports for this geographic area. From these reports on Social and Economic Character- istics, General Population and Housing Series, the major findings indicate the social and economic patterns as well as the population characteristics of this area. These data show a deep contrast between urbanized communities and sparsely populated rural communities . . . the education media, the distribution of income among fam- ilies and the condition and physical characteristics of the housing units the families occupy in the area. The analysis of data with respect to implications for home management reveals the resources available to families and the factors affecting the use of resources by families in this area such as education, income, family characteristics and the homes in which they live. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CARTER CAVES EXTENSION AREA A Problem Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Home Economics of Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS College of Home Economics Department of Home Management and Child Development 1967 By Jewnettie Munn Darnell ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to express appreciation to the fol- lowing people with whose help this study has been possible. Miss Esther Everett my academic advisor for her super- vision and encouragement throughout this study. Dr. Carol Schaffer and Dr. Beverly Crabtree, two other committee mem- bers for their inSpiration, suggestions and encouragement given during the writing of this problem. The writer is grateful to Michigan State University and the Department of Home Management and Child Development, the University of Kentucky and the COOperative Extension Service for providing the facilities and materials needed to complete this study. I am eSpecially grateful to my family for their num- erous personal sacrifices that made it possible for this study to become a reality. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. II. III. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . Purpose of Study . . . . . . . . Procedure Used in Study . . . . Justification . . . . . . . . . Limitations of Study . . . . . . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . THE CARTER CAVES EXTENSION AREA Characteristics of Population . Population in Housing Units . . Educational Characteristics . . Income and Labor Characteristics SUMMARY . . . . . . . . .«o . . BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Page -q 0\ Kn Ux .p 12 1A 17 25 28 30 35 37 TABLE I. II. III. IV. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. LIST OF TABLES Characteristics of Population . . . . . . . . . Population Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Characteristics of the Population: Population by Race . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population by Age Group . . . . . . . . . . . . Characteristics of Population: Marital Status Population in Housing Units . . . . . . . . . . Dwelling Units Per Structure . . . . . . . . . Housing-~Year Structures were Built . . . . . . Housing Unit Structure Condition . . . . . . . Housing Structure and Plumbing Conditions . . . Source of Water and Sewage Disposal . . . . . . Tenure and Vacancy Status of All Housing Units Value of Owner-Occupied Housing . . . . . . . . Housing Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Structural Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . Housing Units With Communication . . . . . . . Public School Enrollments and Graduates--i965 . School Completed by Persons 25 Years and Older Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Income Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Labor Force Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . Employment Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . Families Income by Counties . . . . . . . . . . iv Page 39 40 #2 44 45 53 55 56 57 58 59 67 68 71 74 76 78 79 81 84 85 86 89 91 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The history of our nation reveals the transformation of this continent from a primitive wilderness to the nation of affluence known today. Throughout this development one is impressed by the value placed on individual initiative, the family and education. People were and are today the greatest resource of this country. The Cooperative Extension Service has never had a greater opportunity to exercise a more significant and mean- ingful leadership in contributing to the welfare of our peOple than they now have. Extension is confronted with the urgent need to adjust and redirect its efforts to better serve the needs of our time. Henry L. Ahlgren sums up extension's modernizing to meet tomorrow's needs by saying: In addition to our traditional program which has revolved largely around improving produc- tion and quality of agricultural products, there are unparalleled needs and opportun- ities for educational services. These are growing out of (1) social and economic changes, (2) the decline in the number of farms and of farm people, (3) the growing complexity of modern farming and homemaking, (A) the increas- ing number of urban, surburban, and Open coun- try non-farm residents who are requesting services from us, (5) the growing inter-related- ness of agriculture, business, and government, 2 and (6) the demand for services in market- ing and consumer information. To further clarify the same point, Ahlgren offers this quota- tion from Thomas Jefferson: "Continued outmoded institutions make no more sense than requiring a man to wear still the coat that fitted him as a boy."2 Some states have made broad changes through reorganiza- tion patterns in an effort to make more effective use of both the Cooperative and the Federal Extension Service. Kentucky has recently reorganized into area extension work, breaking away from the traditional county—centered work. Prior to area organization, Kentucky was divided into six districts. Each district was divided into two sub-districts, with an average of ten counties per sub-district. These six districts were reshaped into sixteen areas. The geographic limits of each area were established by grouping several sociologically related counties together; the connected county lines formed the legal boundaries and determined the peOple to be served. The area with which the author is familiar, and which is describing in this paper, is the Carter Caves Extension.Area. The Carter Caves Extension Area was organized July 1, 1965. The area consists of eight counties: Boyd, Carter, Elliott, Greenup, Lawrence, Menifee, Morgan and Rowan, located 1Ahlgren, Henry L. "Modernizing Extension to Meet Tomorrow's Needs," Changing Dimensions in Agriculture and Home Economics. National Extension Center for Advanced Study, University of Wisconsin, Publication No. 13, June, 1962, p. 14. 21bid., p. 15. 3 in Northeastern Kentucky. All Carter Caves Area counties and adjacent Ohio and West Virginia counties are located in the region known as Appalachia. Six of the eight counties are located in the southern Appalachian region, where a separate major campaign in the national War on Poverty is focused. The area is on the northern fringe of the Eastern Kentucky coal fields. At the onset of forming the extension area, extension agents began developing a Specialization of interest by con- centrating their efforts in a subject matter area. As agents strengthened their subject matter interest, they were assigned positions and titles relative to the subject of their Special- ization. The area approach enables agents to become better trained in fields of their choice, therefore enabling the Cooperative Extension Service to better serve the needs of the people. Through the combined efforts and leadership of the Carter Caves Area Extension Council and its Agriculture, Home Economics, 4-H Youth and Development Committees with the Extension Agents, the Cooperative Extension Service began pLacing emphasis on the area approach to the problems of the pe0ple in 1966. The Area Extension Council, Area Committees, and extension agents with assistance from County Extension Councils, and study committees Spent considerable time in studying the factors which affect the standard of living of the people. As problems were identified, a course of action on a limited basis to overcome these problems was initiated. A Time needed for organizing, researching and preparing for area work and the necessity for continuing county extension programs greatly limited area work in 1966. After making the basic changes in the organization and plans of work, however, the extension staff of the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service was ready to begin area work. The area appraach to extension work was put into action officially on January 1, 1967. True to extension principles, each extension area has acted independently in its reaction to the change, and in developing programs for the future . Purpose of the Study It is the intent of this study to serve as a fore- runner of future studies by beginning the process of compil- ing information about the Carter Caves Extension Area. The objective is to facilitate future study of the establishment and operation of area extension work, by administrators, area and county extension agents and others Who have an interest in the development of extension programs. The primary goal of this study is to assemble major secondary data relevant to living standards, Specifically on the Carter Caves Extension Area of Kentucky; that is, the compilation and confirmation of information currently available to discover and describe the characteristics of the people living there. The data will be organized with emphasis on the families and their resources. The study is descriptive in nature, and will not evaluate 5 methods used to make the administrative change or the results and the effectiveness of various systems. Procedure Used in Study The major data source is the U. 3. Census Series per- taining to Kentucky and small areas, which supplements census data with a number of other sources of data describing various aspects of this extension area. Through these sources, this problem will eXplore some of the implications of particular interest to professional home economists that they may better understand and appreciate the functions and relationship of the families and their resources. The procedure will be col- lation of currently available information to describe the findings of the U. S. Census Bureau. This study, descriptive in nature, is documented by tables organized from this U. S. Census data, and will deal only with human resources and those related to or available to families and individuals to use. The data will thus be organized with emphasis on the families in the area and the relative resources available to them. Justification The decision to pursue the above objectives is based on the contention that compilation of such information will help avoid duplication of effort by others interested in studying and working in this area. This study will include only eight of Kentucky's one hundred and twenty counties, and 6 does not pretend to be comprehensive. There are many things we should know about ourselves in order to live as fully and wisely as possible; this paper examines only a few. But the conservation of human resources, though complicated, is cer- tainly as important to study as conservation of the scil, the forest and of wildlife. It is hoped that this study will con- tribute to a greater understanding of families in this area and their eXpectations. This understanding might help exten- sion agents and other teachers to plan more effective educa- tional programs for families and individuals in this region. Limitations of Study This study is based predominantly on the 1960 U. S. Census of population.and characteristics, the latest compre- hensive study available. The validity of these findings has changed somewhat, Since there has been a time lapse of more than six years since the census survey. When more recent data pertinent to the subject areas was found, it was substituted for the census findings for greater accuracy. The 1960 cen- sus tables of statistics are based on a 25 percent sample of 3 These limitations give justification for the population. further compilations in the area, and research pertinent to the subject. 3U. S. Bureau of the Census. U. S. Census of POpula- tion, 1960. General Social and Economic Characteristics, Kentucky. Final report P.C. (1)-19C, page v. 7 Definitions Several terms are used throughout the study, particularly with reference to the statistical tables. In order to establish a common understanding, the meanings of these terms are described here. Family: A family consists of two or more persons living in the same household who are related to each other by blood, marriage, or adoption: all persons living in one household who are related to each other are regarded as one family. Household: A household consists of all the persons who occupy a housing unit. A house, an apartment or other group of rooms, or a single room, is regarded as a housing unit when it is occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters, that is, when the occupants do not live and eat with any other persons in the structure and when there is either (1) direct access from the outside or through a common hall or (2) a kitchen or cooking equipment for the exclusive use of the occu- pants.5 Urban-Rural_Residence: Includes all incorporated and unincor- porated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, and the towns, townships, and counties classified as urban. The population not classified as urban constitutes the rural population.6 4Ibid., p. XVIII. 5Ibid., p. XVII. 6Ibid., p. VII. 8 Median School_Years Completed: The value which divides the population group into two equal partS--one-half having com- pleted more schooling and one-half having completed less schooling than the median. Median is eXpressed in terms of a continuous series of numbers representing years of school completed.7 Employed: Employed persons comprise all civilians 14 years old and over who were either (a) "at work" those who did any work for pay or profit, or worked without pay for 15 hours or more on a family farm or in a family business; or (b) were ”with a job but not at work“ those who did not work and were not looking for work but had a job or business from which they were temporarily absent because of bad weather, indus- trial dispute, vacation, illness, or other personal reasons. Condition and Plumbing Combined: The category "with all plumbing facilities" consists of units which have hot and cold water inside the structure, and flush toilet and bathtub (or shower) inside the structure for the exclusive use of the occu- pants of the unit. Units "lacking only hot water" have all the facilities except hot water. Units "lacking other plumbing facilities" may (or may not) have hot water but lack one or more of the other Specified facilities. Also included in the category are 7Ibid., p. XVI. 8Ibid., p. XIX. 9 units having no piped water inside the structure and units whose occupants share toilet or bathing facilities with the occupants of another housing unit. In the distribution of plumbing facilities for vacant available units, the figures apply only to sound and deteri- orating units. Data for dilapidated vacant units are not shown separately, but are included in the distribution for "all units." Condition of units and quality of plumbing facilities were combined in the 1950 reports also. Sound Housing: Is defined as that which has no defects, or only slight defects which normally are corrected during the course of regular maintenance. Examples of Slight defects are: lack of paint, slight damage to porch steps, slight weaning away of mortar between brick or other masonry, window sills, windowframes and etc. Qgtggiorating:, Needs more repairing than would be provided in the course of regular maintenance, such housing has more than one defect. Dilapidated: Does not provide safe and adequate shelter and in its present condition endangers the health, safety, or well-being of the occupants. Such housing units has one or more critical defects; or has a combination of intermediate defects in sufficient number or extent to require considerable repair or rebuilding; or is of inadequate original construc- tion. The defects are either so critical or so wideSpread that the structure should be extensively repaired, rebuilt, or torn down. 10 Toilet Facilities: A housing unit "has a flush toilet" if it has a flush toilet inside the structure which is available for the use of the occupants of the unit. Flush toilets for exclusive use are differentiated from those that are Shared with occupants of other units. Units with other toilet facil- ities, such as privy, chemical toilet, or outside flush toilet, and units with no toilet facilities are included in the cate- gory "other toilet facilities or none." Bathing Facilities: A housing unit has a bathtub or shower if either facility, supplied with piped water, is inside the structure and available for the use of the occupants of the unit. Bathing facilities for exclusive use are differentiated from those that are shared with occupants of other units. The category "none" consists of units with only portable facilities, as well as units having no bathing facilities inside the struc- ture available for the use of the occupants. Facilities are Shared: If they are used by occupants of two or more housing units, or if they would be shared with the occu- pants of a unit now vacant. Bathroom: Housing unit has a complete bathroom if it has a flush toilet and bathtub (or shower) for the exclusive use of the occupants of the unit and also has piped hot water. The facilities must be located inside the structure but need not be in the same room. A partial bathroom consists of toilet or bathing facilities for exclusive use, but not both. No data on number of bathrooms were provided in the 1950 or 1960 cen- 8118. 11 Enjuipment and Fuelg; Heating equipment--"steam or hot water" Imafers to a central heating system in Which heat from steam cu? hot water is delivered through radiators or heating coils. 'Wdarm air furnace" refers to a central heating system which provides warm air through ducts leading to the various rooms. "Floor, wall or pipeless furnace" includes permanently installed heating units which deliver warm air to the room directly above the furnace or to the room (or rooms) on one or both sides of the wall in which the furnace is installed. These devices have ducts leading to other rooms. "Built-in electric units" are heating units which are permanently installed in floors, walls, or ceilings. Heat pumps are included in this category. In some tables, housing units have a ”floor, wall or pipeless furnace" and those that have ”built-in electric units" are combined into the one category "built-in room units." "Other means with flue" describes stoves, radiant gas heaters, fireplaces, and other equipment connected to a chim- ney or flue which carries off the smoke or fumes. "Other means without flue" describes electric heaters, electric steam radiators, kerosene heaters, radiant gas heaters, and other portable or plug-in devices not connected to a chim- ney or flue. Home Food Freezer: Defined as an appliance, separate from the refrigerator, which freezes food and keeps food frozen. The freezer must be located in the housing unit or elsewhere on the property. Excluded is a freezer combined in the same cabinet with a refrigerator, even if it has a separate door. CHAPTER II THE CARTER CAVES EXTENSION AREA The settlement of Kentucky began about 1750, but it did not become a state until 1792. Settlers of Kentucky came from colonies lying to the east. Most of them were English, but some Scotch, Irish, French and German people came also. From this background we find most Kentuckians 9 are very much alike in ancestry and in customs. Geographically, Kentucky is divided into nine sub- regions. Most people know the area they live in by a sub- region name. One story commonly known throughout the state is the story of a shoe. If one studies the map of Kentucky, one notices that the map is shaped a little like a shoe, as this story reveals. Have you noticed that the map of Kentucky is Shaped a little like a shoe? Its toe at the west is the Jackson Purchase subregion-- between the Tennessee and Mississippi rivers. It laces along the Ohio River from Pacucah through Louisville, and ties at Covington. The back of the shoe is Eastern Kentucky-- the Cumberland Plateau subregion. Just at the anklebone lies the Inner Bluegrass sub- region. surrounded by the Outer Bluegrass. Along the sole toward the toe lies the Penny- royal subregion. and toward the heel lies the Cumberland Plateau Margin--the mountain countries. Other subregions are the Western Kentucky Coal Field, the Western Coal Field Margin, and the Central Kentucky Knobs. These 9W. Paul Street (ed.), Kentucky's Resources Their Develo ment and Use. Bulletin of the Bureau of School ServIce. CoIIege of Education, University of Kentucky. Vol. XXXI, Dec., 1958, No. 2, p. 318. 12 13 nine different sections of our state . . . are all different from each other.10 The shoe fits tightest at the heel and back--in the mountain counties. In this part of our state, farms have become small and forests have been largely cut over. The Carter Caves Extension Area lies in this region. Carter Caves Extension Area consists of 2,199 square miles, encompassing eight counties. Three counties are bordered by Ohio and West Virginia, making them part of the Tri-State Metropolitan Area with more than 250,000 popula- tion. The other five counties lie to the south and southeast of these northern river-bordered counties, located at the top of the back of the shoe in Eastern Kentucky. The area is bordered on the Northeast by the Ohio River, and on the south- east by the Big Sandy River, which empties into the Ohio River at Catlettsburg. The elevation of the area ranges from 540 feet to approximately 1,500 feet above sea level.11 The topography varies from level to mountainous and land capabilities provide a limited acreage of crop land. Seventy-one percent of the Carter Caves Extension Area is forest and woodland, all of which is eligible for fire pro- tection by the State Conservation Service. A substantial amount of the forest land in Menifee and Rowan Counties is 1°Ib1<1., p. 317. 11Carter Caves Area Extension Program. University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service. Ashland, Kentucky, January 1, 1966, p. 2. 14 made up of the Cumberland National Forest, owned by the Federal government.12 Characteristics of Population Population of the Carter Caves Extension Area, revealed by the U. S. Census, 1960, is 148,822 individuals out of 3,038,158 in Kentucky. In the state 547,823 or 18 percent are classified as rural farm while 35.6 percent or 31,790 persons in the area are rural farm. The rural non- farm pOpulation comprises a plurality of the population with 64,771 or 47.2 percent in contrast to 1,137,118 or 37.4 percent for the state. The urban population for the state reaches 44.5 percent or 1,353,215 as contrasted to the area, with only 17.2 percent or 52,261 persons.13 Therefore the population of Carter Caves Extension area is 82.8 percent rural, while the state population is only 55.4 percent rural. Comparing the Carter Caves Extension Area population prior to the 1960 census, as illustrated in Table II and 14 Table III, with the latest figures, one finds that only three of the eight counties have had an increase in population 12Ibid., p. 4. 13Appendix Table 1, Characteristics of Population, Carter Caves Extension Area, U. S. Census, Kentucky 1960, Table 28, appendix page i. 1“Ib1d., Appendix Table II and Appendix Table III. 15 Since 1940. Greenup and Rowan counties show increases since 1950. The other five counties indicate a total decrease in population for the twenty year period between 1940 and 1960 census reports. The population by race is predominantly white. The number of non-white residents is extremely small. Area Negro population is 1167, of which 921 reside in Boyd County. Indian, Japanese, Chinese and others add up to only 26 per- sons throughout the area. In Elliott County, whose total population is 6,330 persons, none is non-white.15 The popu- lation average per household is 3.76 persons. This average ranges from 3.40 persons in Boyd County to 4.12 persons in Elliott County. Boyd County is an urban county located in a metropolitan area, with the highest per capita income in the area. Elliott County is a rural county with a median income by families of $2,054 as compared to $5,055 median income by families in Boyd County. There seems to be a trend toward larger families in the rural, smaller population counties. Population by age groups from under five years to the group over eighty-five, Shows that 49.9 percent or one-half of the area pOpulation was twenty-five years or under in 1960. Between the ages of twenty-five and fifty are 26.9 percent of the population. The figure of 49.9 percent under twenty-five is three percent greater than the 46.9 percent state average for the same age group. The state average for 15Ibld., Appendix Table IV. 16 the over-fifty-year group is 23.2 percent, while the twenty- five to fifty-year groups total 30 percent.16 The median age average for the area is 25.4 years. As stated, the area shows only a 3 percent margin over the state percentage for the twenty-five years and under group. The group 25-50 years is 3.1 percent less than the state average and jumps a mere .2 percent gain over the state average of those over fifty years of age. On the whole the area is much like the state with reSpect to age of population. The marital status of the population indicates approx- imately two-thirds or 65.6 percent of the population fourteen years of age and over are married, thus leaving 34.4 percent, slightly over one-third, Single. Of the 102,167 persons, both male and female, fourteen years and over, 830 are sepa- rated, while 7,144 are widowed and 2,301 are divorced. The widowed females outnumber widower males 5,454 to 1,690, more than three to one, revealing a higher mortality rate among the males throughout the area.17 More than 10,000 formerly married persons are living without a spouse, as revealed by the data on separated, widowed and divorced persons. On com- paring the state population of 2,110,688 over fourteen years of age, one finds 22.1 percent of the population single, 66.3 percent of the population married, 8 percent widowed, 2 per- cent divorced and one percent separated. The area has 13.3 16Appendix Table V, Ibid. 17Append1x Table VI, Ibid. 17 percent more single persons than does the state. Population in Housing Units In 1960 the total p0pulation of 147,388 living in hous- ing units lived with a mean of 4.1 persons per occupied unit, representing 36,371 families. The population per housing unit in 1960 decreased for the total area by 0.5 percent as com- pared with 1950.18 The dwelling units per structure in the area indicates the majority of families are housed in one unit dwellings. There are 41,189 such units in the area, compared with 1,272 two-unit dwellings, 186 three- and four-unit dwellings and 475 five or more units. Mobile homes, commonly referred to as trailers, total 529 for the area. A decrease in the total number of two, three, four and five unit dwellings has taken place since 1950.19 The total dwelling units are 44,122 in the area. Of this number the housing census reveals 44.3 percent or 20,224 of the homes were constructed prior to 1930. During the depression years, part of the period from 1930 to 1939, 16.3 percent or 6,717 dwellings were constructed. From 1940 to 1949, including the World War II years, 17.2 percent or 6,794 dwellings were completed, and from 1950 to 1960 22.2 percent 18Ibid., Appendix Table VII. 19United States Bureau of the Census. U. S. Census of Hmusing, 1960, Appendix Table VIII. 18 or 10,387 dwelling units were built to house the families in the area.20 The statistics recording when dwelling structures were built indicate that 60.6 percent of the dwellings, nearly two-thirds, of the homes in the area have been built 28 years and more.21 Homes constructed twenty or more years ago are often in need of repairs, remodeling, and may even be deteriorating or dilapidated. Tables on the condition of the housing units reveal that 60.5 percent of them in the area are sound. (Boyd County ranked highest with 80.7 percent of units in sound con- dition.) Housing units of deteriorating condition number 10,326 or 30 percent. There are 3,747 dilapidated unit struc- tures, or 9.5 percent.22 The dwelling units housing the families and individuals in the Carter Caves Extension Area are located in rural farm, rural non-farm and urban areas. A plurality are rural non- farm with 20,125 total dwelling units. Total urban dwelling units reach second position with 18,009. Urban units with sound structures have 94.6 percent with all plumbing; 5.4 percent of the sound urban units lack some or all plumbing. Rural non-farm is almost divided into half with 51.1 percent of the units having all plumbing and 48.9 percent lacking some or all. The rural farm units have more units lacking 20U. S. Census of Housing, Ky.. 1960, Ibid., Appendix Table IX. 21Ibid. 2222;93. Appendix Table XI. 19 some or all plumbing, 61.6 percent, than units having all plumbing, 38.4 percent. In addition to data related to sound dwelling units, the deteriorated and dilapidated structures must be con- sidered in relation to all housing units. In the 1960 Census data, the Census Bureau defined housing units according to the quality of the structure by the terms: sound, deteriorat- ing and dilapidated. The sound structure is one with no struc- tural defects; the deteriorating structure is one with one or more serious defects needing repairs in order to provide ade- quate shelter and protection against the elements, for example an unsafe porch, rotten or loose window frames, missing bricks or cracks in chimneys; the dilapidated unit is one with more critical defects-~such that the house endangers the health and well-being of the occupants. Throughout the area 23.2 percent or 10,226 housing units are deteriorating. The state percentage of deteriorat- ing properties is 21.5 percent. The dilapidated units number 3,747 or 8.5 percent in the area. The state average of dilap- idated units is 8.6 percent. The area is only 1.7 percent above the state average on deterioration and is 0.1 percent below state norms with reSpect to dilapidated structures. More than one-half of all dwelling units have hot and cold water, 61.9 percent. This is 4 percent below the state average. Units with cold water only comprise 6.8 percent, or 3,013 units; this is only 1.4 percent below the state average. Those dwelling units with no piped water are 13,543 or 36.7 20 percent, 12.6 percent above the state average. Water systems in the area are listed as public sys- tems or private company, individual well and other in the U. S. Census of Housing Data. Those units having public water available are 21,528; individual wells 19,727 and others 2,866. Public sewage disposal is available in seven of the eight counties with 16,643 units using public sewage facilities. Those using septic tank or cesspool total 9,630, while the category listed as "other or none" has 18,019 units without public sewer, septic tank or ceSSpool service.23 To further view the conveniences in the housing units in the Carter Caves Extension Area, a review of the data on water supply and toilet facilities is found in Table XV of the appendix. These data reveal that 16,807 families do not have hot water in the home and only 27,315 of the total dwell- ings have hot and cold water piped inside their dwelling struc- ture. There are 1,377 dwellings that have no piped water inside the household structure. It is evident that most homes which have piped-in water have both hot and cold water, for only 272 families with inside piped cold water do not have means for heating the water supply. The 1960 census data on housing only gives toilet facil- ities information for flush toilet, "other" toilet facilities or none, bathtub or shower, and "no" bathtub or Shower. The 23;:gg,, Appendix Table XII. 21 "other" toilet facilities are defined as units with toilet facilities such as privy, chemical toilet, or outside flush toilet, and units with.ng toilet facilities are all included in the category "other toilet facilities or none."24 Of the 44,122 dwelling units in the area 26,474 have flush toilets, 346 Share flush toilets and 17,302 have "other toilet facilities." In addition to toilet facilities 26,069 units have a bathtub or Shower, and 357 share this facility. There are 17,696 units who have "no" bathtub or shower.25 The majority of the dwellings in the area have heat- ing facilities of one type or another. Only 178 have no heating facilities listed. The majority of the homes have floor, wall or pipeless heating, 9326 in 1960, while 6,449 units had warm air furnaces. The equipment for household dwellings is partially listed with communications equipment in the census data. In the Carter Caves Extension Area most dwellings have a washing machine. There are 35,160 housing units with one kind or another washing machine, while 5,163 units do not have any kind of washing machine. The units having a clothes dryer number 6,714 compared with 33.507 units who do not have a clothes dryer. Only 5,834 of the dwellings have one or more 26 none 0 2”U. S. Census of Housing, Kentucky, H.C. (1) No. 19, IPage XXI. Appendix Table XV. 25Ibid. 26Ibid., Appendix Table XVI. 22 The vacancy status of all housing units in the area indicate that few dwellings are vacant and available for sale. In 1950 only 034 percent or 192 of the total dwellings were available, in 1960 the situation improved slightly with 0.7 percent or 388 housing units. Housing units available for rent were on the same level as salable units in 1950, but in 1960 the rental units over a ten-year period had increased to 2.2 percent or 1,055 units. Housing units in the area listed as "other" units (those held for caretakers or janitors, set- tlement of estates and personal reasons of the owner) repre- sent the greater percentage, 7.2 or 2,548 units, of all vacant housing units in the area.27 State housing units total 925,572; 64.3 percent or 547,750 are owner-occupied while 35.7 percent or 304,117 are renter occupied. A mere 0.5 percent or 5,430 vacant units in the state are for sale, while the vacant rental units reach 2.3 percent or 20,870 units. The "other" dwelling units for the state total 7.9 percent or 73,710 units.28 To further view the vacancy status of housing units, in relation to owner-renter occupancy the data indicates a high percentage of home ownership. In the area, 62.7 percent of the dwellings are owner-occupied. The owner occupancy of units decreased a mere 0.4 percent. For the same period of time renter-occupied units decreased 3.0 percent; this group 27221As. Appendix Table XIII. 28Ibid. 23 of dwellings total 27.1 percent of the area units. In 1950 the data Shows 12,938 renter units. In 1960 a decrease to 12,119 is indicated. For the owner-occupied units, in 1950 there were 24,327 units, in 1960, 28,102. This indicates a loss of 719 renter-occupied units offset by a gain of 3,775 of owner-occupied units. Boyd and Greenup counties indicate the greatest increase in dwelling units.29 The value of owner-occupied housing units is indicated in Table XIV of the Appendix. Most of the owner-occupied units are valued at less than $9,999. The $5,000 and less valuation units comprise 42.9 percent; between $5,000 and $9,999 we find 33.5 percent. Only 20.5 percent of the units are valued at $10,000 or over. The average median value of owner-occupied units in the area is $6,800 as compared to the state median of $8,800. The state Shows 40.8 percent of its owner-occupied dwelling in the less than $5,000 category. The next larger percentage of homes for the state, as in the area, is the $5,000 to $9,999 group, comprising 17.4 percent of the homes.30 Renter-occupied units total 10,830 for the area. The price of rent ranges from less than $20 to $100 or more, per month. .A breakdown of this price scale reveals that 14.2 percent rent for less than $20 and 31.7 percent rent for between $20 and $49. The $50 to $79 rent group comprise 9Ibid. 3°Ib1d., Appendix Table XIV. 24 i 23.4 percent while the $80 to $100 or more class equal 8.4 percent of units. An additional rental group, "no cash rent," comprises 22.5 percent of the renter-occupied units in the area. The median rent for the area is $45, for the state this median is $55. In the area, 78 percent of the A rented units have a rent contract.31 I The number of housing units having radios, televi- sions and telephones reveals the verbal communication facil- ities available to people in the area. The 1950 census data did not include statistics for housing units with telephones. In the 1960 census findings, the area has 40.3 percent of the housing units with telephones. Those units having radios in 1960 average 83.3 percent, an increase of 14.3 per- cent over the 1950 statistics. The housing units with tele- vision jumped from 1.6 percent in 1950 to 73.8 percent in 1960 for a total 72.2 percent increase.32 The area is served by five radio stations located within the area, plus a number of stations in the listening area, from Huntington, West Virginia; Portsmouth, Ironton and Cincinnati, Ohio; Mt. Sterling, Maysville and Lexington, Kentucky. Two television stations from Huntington, West Virginia provide coverage throughout the area. The southern part of the area has coverage from the Lexington area tele- vision stations. 311bid. 321hid., Appendix Table XVII. 25 Extension agents have daily radio broadcasts on three of the local stations, one or more of which cover the entire area. Some extension agents have regularly scheduled weekly television shows on the Huntington stations. In addition to the audio and visual communications facilities within the homes of the area, the neWSpaper is an important SOUrce of communication with families. The total area is served by nine weekly neWSpapers and seven daily newspapers. Extension agents have articles in the county weekly papers. The Ashland Daily carries articles by extension agents in its Sunday paper and Special article coverage daily; All the neWSpapers carry articles written by the University of Kentucky specialists. Educational Characteristics Persons who were enrolled in school were classified according to the level of school in which they were enrolled. The levels have been separately identified in Kentucky as elementary school, high school, and college. Elementary school includes grades one to eight and high school includes grades nine to twelve. College includes junior or community colleges, regular four-year colleges and graduate or profes- sional schools. Schools are classified as public or private. The "public" school is defined as any school which is controlled and supported primarily by a local, state or federal govern- mental agency, whereas "private" schools are defined as 26 schools which are controlled and supported mainly by a religious organization or by private persons or organizations. The Kentucky Department of Education reveals in their 1965 report on Public School Enrollments, the data pertinent to all of Kentucky's counties. The Carter Caves Area has a total school census of 39,420 pupils. The school census Shows 28,002 pupils in grades one to eight, 10,464 pupils in grades nine to twelve.33 Students, after finishing the eighth grade level, are ready for high school enrollment. In 1965, 2,986 students completed the requirements for elementary school and currently should be completing the 9th grade level. Nothing Specific is known of the 1,971 students who completed the twelth grade in 1965, or any other graduating class. There are approximately 35,000 young people of elementary and secon- dary school levels who will be the focal point for youth pro- grams involving school-age children in the Carter Caves Exten- sion Area. To view the educational levels of the population group 25 years of age and over, the data indicates that 12.7 per- cent or 9,621 persons have between one and four years of ele- mentary schooling, 8,128 or 10.6 percent have between five and six years, 5,628 or 6.4 percent have seven years and 10,608 persons or 26.6 percent in the area have completed the eighth grade. Thirty percent of the population have attended high school. Those attending one to three years comprise 14.8 33Kentucky Department of Education. Report of the Supt. of Public Instruction, 1965. Appendix Table XVIII. 27 percent, while 15.2 percent completed four years of high school. This indicates that only about half of the persons starting high school actually completed the full four years. The college education statistics for the area reveal that 10.8 percent of the population have attended some col- lege. Those attending from one to three years total 7 per- cent, those attending four or more years total 3.8 percent.31+ The median years of school completed by persons 25 years old and over in the Carter Caves Extension Area is 8.4. The average in Kentucky is 8.7, and the U. S. average is 10.6. This indicates that the population in this area is 2.2 years below the national average, and 0.3 years below the state average. There are 18.7 percent of the population 25 years old and over that have four years or less school as compared to 14.8 percent for the state. The area has 66.4 percent of its youth 15 and 17 years old enrolled in school, while Kentucky average is 70.1 percent and the national average is 80.9 percent.35 Located within the area are the following institutions of higher learning and vocational training; according to the Carter Caves Extension Program of Work, 1966: 3412193. Appendix Table XIX. 35Social Dimensions of Kentucky Counties. Ky. Commun- ity Series No. 29, U. K. September 1964. Table 35, pp. 123- 1241 Table 57, pp. 129-130; Table 60, pp. 135-136. Appendix Table XIX . . IA!!! I'll. 28 Institution Enrollment--1965 Morehead State University 4,630 University of Kentucky Ashland Center 763 (Community College) Kentucky Christian College, Grayson 144 Ashland.Area Vocational School 275 Mayo Vocation School (Extension Center at West Liberty) 84 Ashland and Tri-State Beauty Academies not known Ashland Barber College " Ashland Cebereal Palsy School " (Elem. and Secondary level) The area also has access to Marshall University at Huntington, West Virginia and University Centers operated by Ohio University located at Ironton and.Portsmouth, Ohio. Income and Labor Characteristics The level of living in the Carter Caves Extension Area is reflected by the per capita income which ranges from $582 in Elliott County to $1,948 in Boyd County. The per capita income for the United States in 1960 was $2,223; in Kentucky, $1,573. The area has only 39 percent of the United States average per capita income.36 The data on family income by counties indicate that 41.9 percent of the families in the area have incomes under $3,000. The area family and related individuals median income is $2,511 as compared to the state median income of $3,350. The median income by families for the area and state 36U. 8. Census, 1960, Kentucky. General Social and Economic Characteristics. Table 83, pp. 19-216, 19-224. Appendix Table XXI. 29 respectively is $2,896 and $4,501.37 The Carter Caves Extension.Area has 44,249 people in its labor force with 40,318 being employed. This reflects 8.1 percent of the labor force being unemployed as compared to 6 percent of Kentucky's labor force being unemployed.38 The non-worker, worker ratio for the area is 2.7 as compared to 1.94 percent for Kentucky, indicating more unemployment for the area. 371m. . Appendix Table XXIV. 38ERAQOo-Appendix Table XXIII. CHAPTER III SUMMARY Much of the statistical data presented in the U. S. Census Final Report Series is not uniform with regard to subject matter and criteria chosen for statistical analysis, making exact comparisons impossible. The population reports present statistics on the demographic characteristicS--age, sex, race, relationship to head of household, and marital status-~of the inhabitants of the state. Another series, General Social and Economic Characteristics gives additional detail to the general population series. The housing report presents data on the characteristics of housing units for the state, with separate statistics for each standard metro- politan statistical area, urbanized area, place of 1,000 inhabitants or more, county and rural-farm and rural-non- farm parts of the county. A variance in listed subjects appears in the 1950 and 1960 census. In some cases subject areas are combined, deleted and adjusted for current use. More subjects have been and will continue to be added as specified in the cen- sus data. The 1940 Census of Housing was the first complete census of housing. In some instances, this writer finds, concepts and procedures were not identical from census to census. The differences for the most part, however, are not great enough to invalidate comparisons of the data. 30 31 One of the problems encountered in collecting data was the lack of detailed characteristics for rural farm and non- farm areas in the Carter Caves Extension Area that would cor- relate with Standard Metropolitan Statistical data. This compilation needs to be reinforced with further research carried out on a calendarized schedule. The data indicates the need for subject area surveys, interviews, and the estab- lishment of criteria to evaluate and measure the findings. The living conditions of the people need to be investigated more completely. The implications of the findings of this study for an extension worker are many and challenging. It is obvious that extension education has a great opportunity to promote programs to alleviate the problems in the Carter Caves Exten— sion.Area indicated by the collected data. The people can be reached by extension agents with teaching skills through sub- ject matter lessons relative to needed subject areas, such as housing repair, home furnishing, consumer buying, etc. Literacy needs to be increased, since the median education is only 8.4 years for the area. Sanitation and plumbing facil- ities need attention when we see 17,302 housing units with ”other toilet facilities" rather than flush toilets, and 17,696 units with no bathtub or shower. A need for additional water and sewage facilities is implied by the number of homes without adequate plumbing and water. Since two-thirds of the housing units were built 28 or more years ago, this further indicates the need for housing programs to up-date, renovate, 32 and restore the units. Approximately 30 percent of our units are in deteriorating condition, 10 percent in dilapidation. The incomes are relatively low in part due to the low median years of education and lack of job skills. The problem of educating masses of people is not a simple one which the extension worker can face without sup- port from other institutions. This requires the cooperation of the universities, government, other educational institu- tions, the churches, civic, professional, philantropic and other organizations of the community, county and state. The goal of furnishing information for area extension workers is only partially achieved in this study. It is hoped that this study will stimulate other investigations which will improve the planning of extension programs by extension workers and other teachers of home economics through providing additional information about the community and area problems. The U. S. Census Final Reports offers secondary data to aid in finding out the nature and problems of families in any geographic area. These data provide information of Spe- cific subject areas indicating social and economic patterns as well as population characteristics. It is evident that survey data are extremely useful in home management teaching at any educational level. The purposes of this study were to assemble secondary data, and, by documentation of currently available informa- tion to describe accurately the characteristics of the people 33 and families in an Extension Area in Kentucky-~specifically the Carter Caves Extension Area. The writer has encountered several limitations, includ- ing the validity of the data now seven years old. These limi- i tations are justification for further study of the area prob- lems, and subject matter research must be carried out on an area basis. The specific objectives of the problem were: 1. To describe the Carter Caves Extension Area. 2. To learn the characteristics of the people and families in the Carter Caves Extension Area. 3. To assess the resources available to families. This study has given the writer a greater knowledge of the area, including the economic level based on income which is quite low, the level of living, level of consumption and socio-economic characteristics. With the data for background information, programs can be planned to reach families with information which should result in improved family conditions. This study points out subject area needs, directly related to the role of the homemaker, and compares the area to the state and the nation for an evaluative comparison when possible. The writer believes an educational program relative to the people's needs should be planned to help the families in deprived sections of the area as well as the urban dwellers, who may be persuaded to assume a more effective role in the area, and adjust programs within the area in relation to the 34 data on each county. The area shows a deep contrast between urbanized commun- ities and Sparsely populated rural communities . . . thus the needs contrast just as broadly. BIBLIOGRAPHY PUBLICATIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT, LEARNED SOCIETIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS .Ahlgren, Henry L. "Modernizing Extension to Meet Tomorrow's Needs," Changipg Dimensions in Agriculture and Home Economics. Publication No. 13, National Extension Center for Advanced Study: University of Wisconsin, 1962. Carter Caves Extgnsion Area Program. Ashland: University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service, January 1966. Kentucky Department of Education. Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, Frankfort: Department of Education, 1965. Kentucky Economic Statistics. Deskbook, 1963. Frankfort: Kentucky Department of Commerce, 1963. Kentucky's Population In The 1960's: A County Data Boo . Depart- ment of Rural Sociology, Resource Development Series 9. Lexington: University of Kentucky Agricultural EXperiment Station, 1963. Ramsey, Ralph J. Forms and Scope of Poverty in Kentucky. Resource Development Series 10. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 1967. Street, W. Paul. Kentucky's Resources Their Development and Use. College of Education, Vol. XXXI. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 1958. Sutton, Willis A., and Russell, Jerry. The Social Dimensions of Kentucky Counties. Kentucky Community Series Number 29. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 1964. ‘United States Bureau of the Census. United Spates Census of Po ulation: 1 60. Kentucky Detailed Characteristics. P.C. 1 19 Ky., Washington: U.S. Government PrinEing Office, 1962. United States Bureau of the Census. United States Census of Po ulation: 1 60. Kentucky General Population Character- istics. P.C. 1 19B Ky. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1961. 'United States Bureau of the Census. United States Census of Population: 1960. Kentucky General Socialland Economig Characteristics, P.C. 1 19C Ky. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1962. 35 United 'United United 36 States Bureau of the Census. United States Census 0; Po ulation: 1 60. Sources and Structure of Family Income, P.C. (2) EC. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1964. States Bureau of the Census. Historical Statistics of thg United States. Colonial Times to 1957. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 19 5. States Bureau of the Census. United States Census of Hous- ipg: 1260. Kentucky State and Small Areas, H.C. (1) Noé 19, Ky. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 19 1. Sogoufiamwao £398me dead on Hofinm .mldm poahpman mwupuiooma moanoom ofiom odd 05.2503 act/mam ZOEZMHNH m>pa0 HERO i NH Tarragon .. N 933 vim u 3 ommnoé .. a mmo SHED i NH ofiumqqom i N 1..“on 0:5 i S ommnoasm .. H mH mqmdfi 45 .hxospnmm mo Spdamzmoaaoo .ooammo meSQOHm>mQ «and...onH .30Haomom nonmadnamm .omma .noapma Izmom mo momsmqoo .m.p .mfiauma .maauma .mg .mm magma ..hm mag Adv .o.m .moapmdnmpodnmzo :oapmafimom Haaozmu .ooma .noapmasnom no msmnwo .m.D ”monsom .mmmafiomd 090nmd momoSQQmHmm* m.m III whack :.mm III mhmoh m.mm oww mauve: :.: o.ooa moa.mm o.ooa m:m.m: Haves o.am m.o mum m.o ::H mm Ho>o u-- uuu an: an: nun :m on om H.3m m.~ «mm.a m.H mam an op mu m.mm :.m ¢:N.H m.H 3mm :5 on on o.mm m.m mmo.a m.m mam.a mm on we o.mm m.m mom.a H.m :um.a :0 on om o.HH m.: omn.m m.: mmo.m mm on mm n.ma :.m «mm.~ m.: 5:3.m am on om Am.mv N.m NNN.m 5.0 wmm.m :3 on o: u.m 0.5 Hmm.m o.“ mom.m mm on mm Ao.Hv m.m moo.m m.m m:o.m :m on on Am.:mv H.o mma.m :.m mma.: mm on mm AH.HNV o.m m:a.m o.m nmm.m :m on om m.mH m.w um:.: m.n m:m.m ma op ma m.:H m.m mwfl.m o.m oom.: :H on oH o.mH m.oH :mm.m w.m own.: m on m m.m H.HH mam.m :.HH mom.m m gods: *ownmso proa mo Hmnadz Haves mo 909852 masonu psmonmm pumOMom pzmonom 0&4 coma omma $094 scamuopxm mmbdo prhmo hpQSoo whom mDomw mo¢ Hm ZOHB mqm4a 46 .hxospmom mo spadmzcoaaou .oOAhho pzoamoambmn «094 .onH .nondmmom mopdecamm .omma .nOprH nooom oo monomooo .m.o .oflauofl .maauoo .oo .om manna ..hm mod AHV .o.m .mofipmahmpomadso :oapmasmom Hanonmu .owma .nodumadmom mo mamnmo .m.D ”oohfiom .monaaomd mpozmo wmmmSpnmnwmt «.ma In: whom» n.2N III mamoh w.Hm mmm swadoz An.uv o.ooH nam.o~ o.ooa www.mm Hoooe m.:HH o.o mHH m.o mm mm aopo an- un. nu- nun nu- :m on om B.H: o.m How o.H om: o5 on no o.ma m.m com H.m no: on on on m.o ~.m one u.m omo mo on no o.ma u.m on“ o.m omo 3o op om :.BH «.3 omm m.m H35 on on mm m.mH o.m mmo.a H.: mam an op om m.oH :.m HmH.H m.: Hmo.a o: oo m: Ao.:v :.m mafl.a m.m mnfi.a o: oo o: Ao.mav o.m omfi.a m.m mam.a on on mm Am.mav m.m mHH.H o.o ozm.a on on on Ao.mmv m.m omo.H m.o nm:.a mm on mm Ao.oflv N.o umm.a a.“ ooo.a om op om Am.oflv H.oH NHH.N m.oH mom.m ma on ma Aa.ov H.NH Ham.m «.ma mom.m :H on oa Am.:flv m.HH Hom.m N.NH mmn.m m on m Am.oao H.HH nam.m m.ma mmm.m m noon: *mwnmno proa mo Hmpadz Hdpoa no Honafiz masono unconmm unmonmm ammonmm 0&4 oomfl omoa $094 noamzome mobdo Hopnwo hpnfioo Houndo mbomc mo4 mm 30Hadquom u> mqmda .hxodpnmm ho Spammzzoaaov .modwmo unmamoambmn mwh¢ ..oQH .nohwommm mopmflondnm .omma .Qoapma nooom oo monomooo .m.o .mflauma .mflfluma .oo .om magma ..mm .moH Adv .o.m .moapmdhmpodndso soadedmom Hmnmnmw .owma .QOHPQHSQOm ho unmcoo .m.D ”monsom .mmzaaomd opozmo mommspnmhmm* 47 wmh¢ noamnmpxm mmbmo Hmpnwo moosoo poodaam moomo moo um onaoqomom .> MQMdH m.wa all mammm m.mm III whamh 0.0a mmw zmadmz Am.oav o.coa omm.w c.00H mwo.m Hmpoe o.m: v.0 mm :.o mm mm nobo III III III III In: :m on om o.om o.m mma o.a oHH on op mu m.:m m.m 05H w.H mNH in on on Au.mv o.m mwa m.m oo« oo on no Ao.HV o.m mma m.N mma do on ow m.am m.: Nmm o.m :am an op mm m.am 5.3 mom :.m ::m on on on m.mH m.m mom H.o mom m: on m: AH.mHV m.m Ham :.m Ham do on o: Am.mmv 3.: omm :.m omm mm on mm Aw.:mv m.m Hmm N.w oi: in on on Am.wv o.m mom m.m own om op mm Ao.ofiv o.o mo: o.o Ho: om op om ANJONV w.m wow n.0H 0mm ma on ma Am.mfiv m.ma mom m.ma mmo :H on 0H Am.ofiv m.NH ohm o.ma Ham m on m AH.NNV o.HH own m.ma ohm m noon: *owcmno H6909 90 909852 H6909 mo 909852 mQSOHo ammonmm unmonmm pnmohmm owd coma omma #8 .hxospnmm no spadmzmoaaoo .ooammo pnmaQOHobon Goad .onH .SOHQmmom mopoadcfimm .omma .noapma upoom mo mompmooo .m.o .oppuop .mppump .oo .om canoe ..pm mop App .o.m .moapmanmpomhwso soapmHsmom Hmhmcmw .omma .noapmafinom Ho mzmnoo .m.D “mohfiom .mmzdaomu mpocmd monogamohwmt N.: In: whom» o.mm III whom» 0.:N own :mdooz n.5p o.oop mmm.o~ o.oop www.2m Hopoa m.on 3.0 HmH m.o mm mm popo --- In- nun nu- nun pm op ow m.mm o.~ mom m.p on: on op mm o.mo o.m pom o.p mo: :5 op on :.om m.m mam o.m ppm mo op mo «.mm :.m moo.p o.m mm“ :o op ow o.pp o.: nup.p o.: ooo.p on op mm n.mp 0.: mam.p o.: mmH.p pm op on u.mp o.m oop.a o.m wmm.p o: op no o.mp o.m omo.p m.m pum.p a: op o: p.mm m.o mmo.p o.o mom.p on op mm m.om p.m moo.m :.o mom.p on op on Am.mv m.o mam.p m.u mmm.p om op mm Ao.opv o.m :po.p m.u :mm.a om op om H.o m.m mm:.m o.o pmm.~ op op mp m.om m.pp n:m.m m.op pmo.~ op op op m.m~ H.mp mmm.m m.pp nmm.m m op m H.Mp m.mp oom.m m.mp omp.n m poop: *mwcmso proa go Hmnasz Hmpoa no Honasz manono unmonmm psooaom ammonmm mwd coop omop «mud scamzmpwm mmbmo Haphmo hpndoo gunmaho mbomu mod Hm 20Ha4quom u> Manda “9 .2905 802 90 89H00380880 .009990 98088090900 0090 .089 .80900002 8090HW8980 .omma .8090mw upoom 0o 00000800 .0. 0 .oppnmp .Nppuop .80 .mm 09009 ..98 pop App .0. 8 009909909009080 80990H5nom H090800 .oomp .809909590m 90 050800 .0. D ”009500 .00899000 090800 0000898090m* 0.09 III 09009 m.pm It: 09002 w.mm 000 809002 Am.mpv o.oop pmp.mp o.oop opp.pp popoe o.mop m.o pop m.o om mm popo --- --- nun us- --- pm op om o.mp o.m mop 0.0 mop on op mm 9.90 m.p mop m.m pom p9 op on 0.0p o.p pmm p.m pop mo op mo Ap.mv p.p oom o.m ppm po op oo 9.o o.m ooo m.p moo om op mm m.o m.m moo m.p mmo pm op om pp.pv o.m 99o m.p moo op op mp Am. 000 ~.m 00o o.m opm pp op op Ao. may p.m mmo 9.m pmm om op mm po. omv m.p ppm p.m opp pm op om pm. omo p.p 9mm o.m mp0 om op mm Am. pmv N.m 90o p.o 0pm pm op om pp. omv p.o ppp.p o.op pmp.p op op mp Am. opp m.pp omp.p m.mp mm9.p pp op op pm. pmv o.op pom.p m.pp mmo.p m op m pm. mmv p.op pom.p m.pp omo.p m poop: #008080 H0909 90 909852 H0909 90 909852 055090 980090m 9800909 9800909 004 ooop omop 009d 8090809Hm 00900 909900 298500 00809309 mbomw mod Hm onaqumom p> mam¢e .99059802 90 899003 1808800 .009990 98089090909 0094 ..089 .90900009 9090908990 .omma .8099 nopooom 0o mpmzoo .0.o .oppuop .mppuop .oo .00 oppoe ..98 mop App .o.m .009909909009080 8099095909 9090800 .0009 .8099095909 90 050800 .0.2 “009500 .00899000 090800 00009980909* SO 9.09 II: 09009 m.om II: 09009 o.mm 004 809002 po.op0 o.oop onN.p o.oop oom.p popoe m.p o.p pp m.o mm mm popo nun nun nun nun nun p0 op oo 0.9m o.p 09p m.m oop on op mo m.op p.m ppp o.m pmp p9 op on o.m m.p mop o.m pop oo op mo p.mp m.p oop m.o omp po op oo o.p m.p mop o.m mop om op mm p.p o.m omm o.p opm pm op om p.m o.m mp0 m.p mom mp op mp o.p p.m opm p.p mp0 pp op op pp.opo o.p mom p.m omm on op mm po.ppv o.m omm m.m pmm pm op om po.9m0 p.p pup o.m mum om op mm 8.30 p.m mp0 m.o mmm pm op om Ao.mp0 p.m mom m.o mpp op op mp po.pv o.op mom o.mp mum pp op op “m.pmo p.op ppp m.pp mom 0 op m “o.mmv o.op mmp m.pp 09o m 90080 #008090 90908 90 909852 90908 90 809852 095090 9800909 9800909 9800909 004 ooop omop 0094.809080989 00900 909900 998500 0099802 90090 900.99 2099092909 “9 H9909 51 .99059802 90 899009808800 .009990 98089090909 0094 ..089 .80900009 9090908990 .omm9 .809909 Ifigom HO mmmfimcmo omen omHHIwfl QNHH'QH on“ .mN QHDGB oohm mmH AHV 000m .009909909009080 8099095909 9090800 .0009 .8099095909 90 050800 .0.D ”009500 .00899000 090800 00008980909* m.o9 II: 09009 :.mm II: 09009 0.90 004 809003 90.0p0 o.oop omo.pp o.oop pmo.mp popoa p.op o.o mo p.o om m0 popo nu- nan nun nu- nun p0 op oo 0.0m p.m mum m.p omm on op m9 m.pm m.o omn 9.0 000 p9 op o9 9m.mo o.m mop o.m ppp oo op mo o.m m.p pop m.o mpp po op oo 9p.uo m.p pop o.m 09m om op mm 99.m0 m.p 0pm p.p mom pm op om 99.o0 p.m moo p.p ooo op op mp 9o.oo o.m opo o.m 89o pp op op 98.000 p.m mom o.m mom on op mm 90.0mv o.p omm p.m own pm op on 98.mm0 o.m 0mm p.o moo om op mm 90.va m.m :oo o.o omm 0N 09 ON 90.000 p.o poo.p p.op ppp.p op op mp po.opv o.mp mmm.p p.mp opo.p pp op op 9o.op0 o.pp oom.p o.pp pmo.p o op m 9m.mmv m.pp NpN.p o.op oo0.p m 90080 #008080 90908 90 909852 90908 90 909852 095090 9800909 9800909 9800909 004 ooop omop 0094 809080999 00900 909900 998500 800902 92090 904.99 2098499909 .9 99948 52 .98059802 90 899003808800 .009990 98089090909 0094 ..089 .80900009 9090908990 .omm9 .809909 Ipoom 0o moooopoo .0.o .oppImp .mppIop .oo .00 oppoa ..98 mop 990 .0.0 .009909909009080 8099095909 9090800 .0009 .8099095909 90 050800 .0.9 “009500 00899000 090800 00008980909* 0.9 III 09009 m.mm III 09009 m.mm 004 809002 o.o o.oop oom.mp o.oop mo9.~p 90po9 o.pom o.o o0 m.o pm m0 popo III III III III III p0 op o0 p.pp p.m ppm p.p omm on op m8 m.pm m.m mum o.p mom pm op o8 n.9p o.m mom o.m omm oo op mo o.op p.m opp o.m mom po op oo p.pm o.p 8pm p.m omp om op mm 0.99 m.p mom o.p opm pm op om m.o o.p 90o o.p mom op op mp 90.00 o.m moo m.m poo pp op op 90.9p0 m.p moo o.m ops om op mm 90.0p0 o.p pmo p.o mom pm op om 9m.o~0 o.m mp9 o.m moo om op mm p.mp o.op pom.p m.o pop.p pm op om o.mm o.mp mun.p p.op nom.p op op mp 9m.00 p.op mom.p p.pp mpp.p pp op op Ao.mpv o.o pom.p o.pp oop.p o op m 90.9p0 m.op oom.p p.mp pom.p m 90080 *008080 90908 90 909852 90908 90 909852 95090 9800909 9800909 9800909 004 oomp omop 0094 809080999 00900 909900 998500 80309 90090 904 99 2098499909 “9 99948 53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 9.00 0.90 090809 m.m.mz 0099909 9800909 99 p09 0 0p III p p p 9 pp p0 9p III 0 0p 0pp 0p0.0 op0.0p 00p.p 009.9 900 0p0.9 000 ppp p00 p00.p 009.p 900.0 9pp p00 00p.p 0pp.0 p00.0 pp0.p 090809 0909 090890 mDB4Hm 94HH942 p00 000 0 0 N lulu-l 0 0 0 op 90 00 0 0 00p 00p p00.p0 0po.p0 p09.0 000.0 0p0.0 pp0.0 000 000 009.0 pp0.0 990.0 po0.0 000.p 000.p 000.p pp0.p 909.0p 000.0p opmamm 0908 0099908 0094 809080999 00900 909900 «2098499909 90 909899999049490 900.90 09p.p 090.0 90p.p p90.p 009.0 p0o.0 opo.9 p00.0p 090809 90: 99 p0 0p 900 000.00 000.p 0p9.0 90p.9 0pp.p 000.0 0pp.0 090.9 0p0.9p 090E 9090 080 09009 :9 09> 9994B papoe 80309 800902 0099809 00809309 9880090 9909999 909900 09cm 0ppszpoz pmpoe 80309 800909 0099809 00809309 9880090 9909999 909900 09om 998800 . .0ppI0p .00pI0p .00 .0009 .moppqsoo pop nopp0900o0 0o moppwppopompmso .00 09p09 ..99 00p 9p0 .0.0 54 .009909909009080 8099098909 9090800 .0009 .99089809 8099098909 90 080800 .0.9 “009800 om 99 00 09 N9 0 90909 III III 0 III 9 III 80309 III III III III III III 800909 III III III N III III 0099809 III III 0 III III 9 00809309 9 m 9 0 III III 9880090 III III III III III III 9909999 III III 9 9 III III 909900 0p 0p 09 09 pp 0 09cm 09983802 9p0.p p00.p p0p.0 000.p 90p 090 pmpoa 0pp p09 00p 90p 0p 00 nmzom 00 00 09p 00p 00 0p :009o8 p0 p0 00p 90 0 09 0009808 00 00 N90 :09 00 00 00809309 0p0 p0p 0p0 900 00 00 0000090 00 0p 0p0 00 p pp ppopppm 00 009 0:: 00m 90 00 909900 900 00p 000.0 000 09p p0p 09om 090809 0909 090809 0909 090809 0909 998800 00090999 0030093 009090900 90002992000 0094.809080999 00900 909900 ”2098499909 90 909999999049490 998499 9489942 pH> 9994B .009909909009080 8099098909 9090800 p90.00 099.00 090.0 080.0 000.0 00p.0 080.p 000 5 .3 000.0 090.0 00p.9 000.0 008.p 0p0.p 9p0.8 090.: 098.0p 000.0p 000p 000p moppp800 0.0 9.0 m.m m.m 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .0.0 0.8 0.0 9.: p.: 0.8 0.0 0.8 8.0 8.0 90909 909809 9.0 980080 000.909 9.0 0.0 0.8 0.8 p.8 0.0 p.8 0.0 0.: 0.8 9.: 0.0 0.8 8.0 0.0 90830 MNNM 000pII9p80 00p08000 909 0800909 9980 00p08000 909 0800909 0094 809080989 00900 909900 mBHZD OZHmDOm ZH ZOHBd9D909 000.pp 090.0p 009.: 000.0p 900.00 990.0 000.00 000.p0 oom9 .099I09I009I09 .99 .00998800 909 8099098909 089 90 009909909009080 .00 09909 .000pI000p .99089809 .80p90980o0 00 080800 .0.0 ”009800 09p.08p 090909 00p.0p 80800 900.M9 80090: 399.: 0099802 9mm.:9 00809309 000.00 9880090 090.9 990p998 000.00 909900 800.08. 0900 mmmm 998800 09980 0890809 89 8099098909 “99> m9mda 56 .mmfluma .mmfluma .mg .mm magma ..mm .mH .oz AHV .o.m .mmma¢ Hawam dud opmpm axospsom ”wzamzom .owmanomma .hxoapcmm .mQHmfiom mo msmnmo .m.D ”mohfiom .mmdohomd moposod mammnpnmnmma mmm Amu:v Ammflv *Ammm.flv mmH.H: mma.¢: coma mm mom mmm NHN.N mHH.mm mm:.mm omma maapoe mm mm :m m: mam.m mmm.m coma ma mm o: mHH omm.m uma.m omma cmzom :m 0 HH 5: omfi.m mmm.m coma m 0 5H mm mmm.m um:.m omma gawaoz m us. an: m m:m.a mmN.H coma m --- --- NH mm~.H u:m.a omma wmmasmz mm mm mm o: :mo.m mmu.m coma m ma m: om mmm.m omm.m ommfi mommyzmq mm mm an mom moo.m om:.m coma oH mm «NH oém mmw.m mom.o ommfi msnmmao 0H ma 0H m mmm.a mmm.fl coma N o 0 mm mmo.a mmw.« omma upodaam mm ma m: om m:w.m oom.m coma n 0 mm 30H Hmm.m me.m omma Hmpnmo mom now and mom m:m.:a mma.ofl coma mm :mm mam :mo.a Ho”.HH www.mfl omma whom mamaaaae mafia: mpflnp wads: m pass a mafia: Ham» mumsoo 0902 Ho m : dam m Hapoa mmnfi :oawnmpxm mmbao 909960 mmDBODmBm mmm mBHZD UZHAAMBQ ”HHH> mum¢9 .amaama .maauma .cm .mm mamas .mmoH4 Hamam dsm mpdpm “axospnmm .ooma .wsamSOm we mSmsmo .m.D amonfiom m.mm mom.ca m.ma :mm.o m.oa mam.o m.:: :Nm.cm mma.:: aapoe qum mam .mem m.m! Numm ccm .almw. ocm.a wand cascm a.ma mmo a.ma «No m.ma moo o.:: aoc.a com.m scones m.:m ocm m.am mom :.aa mca a.m: aco oom.a occasoz m“ o.oa moo a.oa amo m.oa :mo c.ao omm.a omm.m ocnmazma m.mm aao.m o.oa mmN.a m.aa mcc.a m.o: oa:.m cm:.o mszooac N.cm com a.ma acm a.oa mmm o.m: mom mom.a ppoaaam a.mm mmm.a m.oa cmm o.ma mcc o.o: c:o.m coc.o ampaac o.mm omo.m a.ma ama.m a.:a acm.m c.co moc.o oca.oa chem namepmm Hmnafiz unmonmm Honasz ammonmm 909352 pnoohmm Hmnafiz madam hpnsoo coma op coma mmma op ccma mmma op cmma cmma 10am onaaacza paasm mm: manposapm cog: coaamm aapoa @094 noamnmpxm mmbwo Hm»Hmo aaacm mmmz mmmcaccmem mommuncZHmccm ”ma mamca .acaum%2.mmuma .mm .am canoe .mmmg¢ Hamam find mpwpm uhMoSpSmm .oomalomma .mxospsmm amem mo mummmo .m.D ”meadow .mzmzmo omma Ga dmddaona no: Goapadnoo mzapwnodhmpmn* 58 ZOHBHQZOO mmDBODMBm BHZD UszDom mma¢ scamsmpxm mmpwo Hmpnmo ”X mam49 :.m m:m.m c.cm omm.ca o.co mmc.cm cma.:: coma ooo.a a.om cmo.m c.3m mom.cm mo:.mo coma macpoa c N.aa omm o.om ocm o.mo moa.m amo.m coma cca m.oa mmo nu. * m.om oa:.m moa.o coma :mzom c m.m com m.am oac.a o.co mom.a oom.o coma mma o.oa cco --- * o.mm coo.m mo:.m coma smoacz --- N.o om o.o: mco o.o: mo: oom.a coma om m.mm ocm --- * :.mo ooo mam.a coma mmcacmz nun m.o mom o.:o ocm.a m.mo omm.m omm.m coma mma m.mm omm nu. * m.mm coo.m cmm.m coma moqoazma c o.o mam :.cm amm.a N.am mmc.o cm:.o coma amm o.oa occ.a In- * N.ao mmm.o ooo.o coma msscmac c o.oa mmm m.am ooo o.mo omm mom.a coma mm m.om mo: sun * o.oo maa.a mmo.a coma ppoaaam c o.oa ooc o.mo mam.a a.mo ooc.m coo.o coma oom m.mm omo.a nun * o.oo o:o.m aoo.o coma ampamc nun o.o mom o.oa oma.m m.oo :oc.ma ooa.oa coma mao o.oa ooo.a nu. * m.mo co:.aa ooo.ma coma chem dophommm meOHmm 909852 meOHom 909852 psmonmm 909852 mpasb Ham» 592500 poz _Illmmmmmmmmwmmuu _Immwmmmmaampmn cusom wzamSOm awpoe 59 m.mo mom m.am Nma own man anamuzoz Hmhsm m.mm ac: m.om cca oco cmm anmm amasm o.am mmo c.cm oom com mom.a ppoaaam A? m 3% on mm mm Hanna m.aa oo m.oo cco omm ch.a “sang: o.o: ocm o.mo mmm.a com.m mom.c aammuzoz aaasm o.oo ooo m.ao oom amo omo.a aamm amasm a.o: cm:.a m.ao ooo.a ooc.m coo.o ampnmc o.m om o.mm cmm mom mom.a waznmppmapco a.m moa m.mm oom.o mom.o oom.ca cnmasmd m.m Nam o.mm Noc.m cam.m ooo.aa “gonna o.mm ooo m.mm ooo.~ amc.o ooa.: anamusoz amnsm m.ao co o.oo ooa mom cmm aamm awnsm o.m aom o.mm :oc.ma :oc.oa ooa.oa mumm panHmm Hmpadz pzwohmm Hmnafiz mpazs mpaQD hpnfioo aao co maom wmaxoma ocapasam aa4 awpoe onaaamzn manposnpm canon ampoa $094 :oaQOme mwbmo Hmpamo mZOHBHQZOU UZHmSDQm Q24 mmDBODmBm UZHmDOm “HN mflmdfi 60 m.m m.:m m.o: :.oa unmoamm am now moa 0mm 909852 Had no maom wnaxomq m.mm m.om o.am :.md a.mm $.mm m.mm o.mm 0.3m a.mm a.mm m.mm m.mm o.mw ammonmm om: com oam amm mom mao man mom 3cm omm Nmm.m mm:.m mma mmo.m Hmnasz wflHDESHm HH4 ammuosnpm Undom mm: ooo.a amo omm.m mo cmm coo m? mco.m mco.o aom mmc.o mpdflb H6909 $094 noamnmpxm mmbao Hmpndo AQMDZHBZOUV mZOHBHQZOO UZHmEDQm QZd mmDBODmBm oszDom ocm mmc.m mcc.a omm.m ooo moo mom :mm min mca.a mmc.o omo.: mac.a cm:.o moan: wzaaaczn H6909 «mafiaq ”zany: ahmmlnoz Hansm 896m Hahsm oonmhzwq sopwnasphoz Haommsm unwamomm 9530090 cacao spsom mdoozpwam ”swans Sammnzoz Hwhsm sham Hahzm MSSmoHU hpQSOO “HN mqm¢9 '[l‘l‘ 61 m.m om a.om wzm mum :aa.a cmemnoz "Sanka a.o: :cc m.:o am: omo coo.a anmmnscz amasm o.mo ocm m.om mma mo: mom aamm awnsm c.:o ocm c.oo :::.a moa.m moo.m :mzom c.m mo c.am 2mm ooo cm: mpacpaa .3 ”manna o.oo mao m.m: aco oac.a oam.a aacmuuoz acasm c.am oam o.om mcm com mzo.a each awasm m.mo Nmm.a o.mo com mom.a oo~.o mmmmmm III III III III III III QBHD o.oo moa o.:m mo mom omo aammazoz amasm o.oo mom :.mm doa aam How anam Hmnfim a.oo own m.mm mma mom omm.a mmmazmz pzooamm 909852 unmohmm 909852 mpasb madam hpQSOU aa< no maom wsamOca mzapasam aa4 Hopes wuaaamzn oasposppm canon aapoa mmh¢ noamzmpxm mwpdo amphwo AQMDZHBZOUv mZOHBHQZOO UszZDAm 024 mmDBUDmem UszDom ”HX mqmda 2 6 .acauma .mmuma .mm .am canoe ..mm .o.m .mmmn¢ Hamam and mpMpm uhxospnmm :.o no: m.m: mmm.: o.ao mam.m unmeamm Hmnadz HH¢ Ho maom mnaxomq o.:m Nom.ma a.ao mmo.m c.oo mmo.a unmohom Hmnasz wSHDESHm HH< m95poshpm onsom mmh4 scammmpxm mmbwo amphwo .ooma .mxozpsmm .wnamSOm no mumzmo ooo.ca cmm.ma mmc.: moan: ampoa .ma .oz Aav .mOD «meadow mcc.oa manna oma.cm aammunoz amasm m:m.m 896m Hahfim ampoe mpamb hpSSoo mnaadwzn Hapoa AQmDZHBZOUV mZOHBHQZOU UZHQSDAm 924 mmDBUDMBm wszDom «HN mqde 63 m.oa :ca m.om aom a.o o :.oa ooa o.mm aco o.m o o.oa cmm m.mm moo o.m oa o.oa cm m.:o o: a.oo co a.o ma a.mo oo m.mo om o.o om a.mc om m.mo caa o.oa aam o.co omc.a :.ma mom m.m oca :.mm omo o.m oa o.:a ooo m.om :mo.a a.:a omm m.o :ca a.mm cm m.mm oao o.: o:: m.om mma o.mm mom m.: m:o m.om mom m.mm oca.a o.o moo m.mo :ao a.co amm o.o mo :.mo a: o.o: om o.o mom :.oo cam o.ao :oo.a pnoonmm Hmnasz ammonmm Honadz panHmm amnasz 095posnpm Had no maom wnaxomq mqapafiam HH4 cmpmcagcaan mMSposhpm wcapdnoanmpmn mom mmm mom cmm ooo oom.a mma m3: mm omo ocm mmc.a moo.a mom.: mao omo.a m:m.a coo.o WNW mma: :mo.a moo.aa oom ooa.: mo cmm oma.m ooa.oa mpanp mpaqc acpoa onaaamzm aapoe 6094 moansmuxm mmbmo Hophmo mZOHBHQZOU UszSDAm Q24 mMDBUDmBm GZHmDOm ”HX mqm<9 Shawl:oz Hansm Hdhsm ppoaaam Haam abaao zomhmho “manna Hummusoz Hmhsm Haasm Hmphmv waspmppmapmc cscanmd “swan: shawlsoz Hmhsm Haasm 31 d m hpnsoo 6h o.o co :.oa am o.oo oma moa ocm amasoa “can“: o.m aoa o.om mmo :.o mm ooo omc.m anamnnoz amnsm m.m mm o.mm amm m.m am mmm mcc.a amasm o.o mom m.om maa.a o.:a ooa oco.a omm.o mcsmazma o.c m o.o a 1.3m ma oa ooo sopwsaspaoz In: --- m.m o a.mm oo oo moo aammmsm nu- nu: o.o a m.:m oa ma moo camaoomm o.o o o.om m m.oo ma mm :mo msqmmac m.m co c.co om c.oo oo oo ocm cacao apsom a.a ma m.om om o.:o o: cm mca.a mcoczpmam o.a ao o.om mm m.mo ooa mom mmc.o “gonna o.m cm: m.om woo o.om mom oca.a omo.: sawmusoz aaasm o.mm com m.oo cmm a.oa oo om: mac.a aaasm o.o Nam c.am o:m.a c.om om: aom.a cm:.o mszcmac anachmm 909852 psoohom Hmpafiz pnmoamm Hmaadz wads: mpaflb magnoo wasposnpm aa<.ac oaom onaxoma onanasam aao ampoe wsaaamzn umpwdamwaan . Haves waspozapm mzdpmhoahmpom me4 Scamsmpxm mmbdo Hopnmo ADMDZHBZOUV mZOHBHQZOO UZHMEDQm 924 mmDBUDmBm UZHmDOm "HN MAm¢B 65 o.om o.mo o.mo :.am o.mo c.om o.mm o.mm m.om m.mm a.om ao mm: acm mmo om oao mm: mom cmm oao ooo anachmm Honasz o.om c.oa m.ca o.om :.c: o.o o.m o.o m.m m.m m.m meOHmm mma :o :m amm :N 909852 o.o om m.:a N:m o.oa am m.aa omo 0.: ma o.m :oa a.o :m m.m mom m.o mo m.m om m.o mm pnmonmm Hmnadz manposapm copccamoaam HH¢ no maom wQaMowA mmanafiam HH4 mHSpodem mmapmhoahmpma com :aa.a cmmscnos “songs om: coo.a anamusoz awasm omm com amasm ocm moo.o nmzcm m: cm: apnonaq .2 ”zany: :oo oam.a aacmuzoz amasm 3m: Nfim.a Hansm oac.a com.m mmmmmm II... III 2.69MB oom omo aammunoz amnsm omo aoo aaasm mco oom.a oomacmz mpanp mpasc cognac acpoa mzaaawzm acpce me4 nodmcmpxm mmbwo Amphmo AQMDZHBchV mzcacnmzcc cZHmscqm 924 mmcaocmem cZHmpcm ”HX mam49 6 6 .c.m .mmoao aamam cum mumpm m.: 02m m.aa oom.m o.m cmm unmonmm Honasz m.:m :.mo m.mo unmoaom moo mom.: moo.m 909852 «hxospmmm manposapm copmcacmaan aad ac maom ogaaoma .aca-ma .omuma .mm .ao canoe ..mm .ma .oz Aav m.oo oom.a o.ma omo o.oa :ma psmohmm 909852 wndnaddm HH¢ ohfipofihpm wzapmnoahwpma :co.m oco.o a:m.m moans cha moa¢_noamnopxm mmbmo amphdo AQHDZHEZOOV mZOHBHQZOO OZHMSDAm 924 mmDBODmBm oszDOm “HX mqm<fi .ooma .mxospSoM .wzamSOm Mo mfimsmo .m.D .moHsom oco.oa many: oma.cm summnqoz amasm w:m.o amazm Hapoe mpasa hpqdoo wsadflmzm dance 67 .mmauma .omauma .mm .oo canoe ..hm .ma .oz Aav .o.m .m094 Hamam ocm opwpm mxospnom .ooma .wnamSOm mo mamnmo .m.D "monsom mac.oa coo.m oco.oa ooc.m owm.ma omo.am maapoc omo.a co: ama.a ac: ccm.a oco.a moo.o Noo.o sazom oac.a com o mom mmm In: oom.a oom.a comazmz mm:.m mo: mam oma :mo.m moo oom.o oom.o sumac: omo.m moo amo moo moo.m oco omm.o omm.o monoazaa coo.m mao.o omm.m moo aom.o ooo.: cm:.o cm:.o msnmmac ooo.a mma --- mcm moo.a o oom.a oom.a ppcaaam :mm.o oom.a aom moo m:m.o coo.a coo.o coo.o Hopnmc ocm.a ooc.o :c:.aa om: am:.N oom.oa ooa.oa ooa.oa chem mzoz Hoommmoo Hmzmm thpo HHoB aopmmm mpapaam Haves mpasa hpnsoo Ho Ho oaandm HdeabadnH Ho wnamsom nonpc Mame oapmmm ampmmm caansm aao Homogman mwmzmm H0963 mo moanom dmh< scaQOme mmbwo Hopnwo admomWHQ mw<3mm QZ¢meB¢3 mo mumbom “HHX mqm49 68 O .4U\ \00: :ro\ cmo cno «mi «MN 035- r+H O O ‘OCh \0b~ cmox .4r4 (ha) oab- an» «L3 cum MN MN NH OWN NN NN NN NM MN pumoamm V amaa.mav oom.ma cmm.a cmm cmm omm dim omm Nwo.a oma.a omo.a ooc.m ooo mmo mmo.a :oc.m :mm.: mac.o 903852 omaMSOOOIHmpsmm mBHZD OZHmDom Add mo mDB¢Hm fioz4o¢> QZ¢ mszmB am.moc a.oo o.mo c.co c.co m.mo o.mo c.cm ammonmm mca.om mmo.:m a:c.m oom.a oom.a ooa.m mam mmw oma.N omo.m oom.o mma.: mua.a mma.a mmm.m mma.m omm.ca a::.m amnasz dwafldooosnmszo WEN Noo.o mom.o mom.o mo:.o oom.a m:m.a omm.o cmm.o oco.o ooo.o oom.a Nmo.a coo.o aoo.o ooa.oa ooo.ma moan: ampca @094 :oamzopxm mmbdo Hopamo coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma omma coma omma Ham» ”HHHN mqmda +HGDOB :wzom sawhoz mmoazmz mozmnzma mummmho ppoHHHm ampawo chem hpQSOU 69 HH 0 o. H o o o 0 HM mm mo mm (DH b-(D {\B :T\O O\("\ 1041' O\O 00 100 “(D O\N ammoamm oam mma cow «mm caa cm mm: :mm mm: mom mma mca oam :cm ado oom Hmnadz c.a om a.c : m.o maa m.o m o.o : m.o m a.o maa a.a m: a.m coa a.c om m.m co a.c a o.m :oa m.o m o.m ma: o.o mca unmonmm Hmnasz *pnmm How capaaam>4 :.c oa o.o ma m.o mm :.c oa m.o m 3.0 :a m.o aa m.a mca m.o o: m.a am :.c o m.o m: o.o on c.a Noa :.c co unmoamm Hmnafiz *OHQW HO.“ mandaadbd mpaQD mmamsom pamom> mead coamnopxm mmbdc Monaco AQMDZHBZOUV mBHZD cZHmDom fiéc mo mDB4Hm Hozdo¢> QZ¢ mmbzma c ma cwma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma coma Ham» nHHHN mum48 nmzom sumac: mmmanmz mommnzma mammoac ppoaHHm Hmpadc chem hpcfioc 7O .acauma .omnma .mm .oo .ao magma ..cm .ma .cz aav .c.m .wma4 aamam csw opwpm axospnmm .coma .coma oxozpnmm .wnamaom mo mumnoc .m.c ”menacm .Qoapacnoo cmpmcagwaacno: :a haze mmhsposhpm mocsao:H* .mommmhomc mponoc mononucmnmm+ o.m cmo.cm o.c co:.o upmpm m.m oo:.m m.m ooc.a m.o coo coma c.o omo.a a.c mcm a.c mma coma ampoa pnmoamm Hmnafiz psmOHmm Honafiz unmeamm 909852 hme hpQSOU .aozoc . *pqom aoc *oawm you manaaampa . mammaawbo mpazc wzamSOm pcmom> ooad Qoamzmpxm mmbmc amphmc. AQmDZHEZOOV mBHZD cszDom Add mo mDB4Hm H024Ud> 924 mmbzma «HHHx qu¢9 71 \ONH c.cca pzmoaom mac o.oa mam aoo.mo mma amnasz hpnsoo ppoaaam c.cca unmohmm amo ooc.a omo aao oa mm com mao moa m:m.a moo.a ccc.o c: o: mam coo Nmo omo.a hmnasz hundoc nopnmc c.cca unmohmm mma .amm.: aoo mm: cmm mmo mca.m mcm.a oca aom.c moo.o cco.m mom moc.a cao.m maa.o moo.a doc.m Hmnadz hpzdoc chem «mad noamzwpxm mmbdc Hmpamc OZHchm QmHmDUUclmmzzo mo MDA4> «be mqmda *comanupnmm mmacmz Hmnasz 92mm pomapcoc comaunpzom smacmz pnom coco 02 who: no cca mm on co mm on co m: on cm omo swap mama aapnom mpanD coamnoocuhopnmm *comauuosac> nmaccz comanaosam> ccacmz who: no ccc.cm mmm.ma op oco.oa mmm.:a op ccc.ca$ mmm.m op oco.oo oco.o ads» mmma mnamfiom cmaQSOOO Ihmczc no osad> mpacc coaQSOOOIHmnzc 72 \ON c.cca pzmoamm «aw moa mma Hmnasz mundac womasmz AQMDZHBchc cZHmccm mmamccccummzzc mo mca<> urn moo a.om acm nu- omo m.am oma .o.m am a.am moa a.oo omo o.oa moa c.cca amc In: oco.o us: A cco.o o.o om m.m am m.oa aaa. o.om oom c.oo mmo. c.cca aom pzmoamm Hmnadz hpnzoc mommazwa fibfivfi c.cca pnmonmm omo mmm.a moo omo cm caa ooo moo om mmo.a moc.: cc:.m «mm amo oom moo.a mam.a oco.o amnesz hpnsoc munmmnc wand noamnopwm mm>dc Hopawc «>HN *comaunpnom zoacoz .Hmncan pcmm pomapnoc comantpnmm smacmz pzmm Sumo oz OHOS .H0 00 H mmo co co mm op co m: op cm coo nos» omoa ampnom mpanD coaQSOOOIHopnmm *comauuosao> coacoz comauuooao> ooacoz whoa Ho ccc.om mmm.ma op ccc.oa mmm.:a op ccc.oa mmm.m op oco.o ccc.o can» mmmq w2am30m cmamfiooc Inmnzc mo msad> mpanc cmaQSOOOIamnzc mflmda 73 .ocauma .o .mo magma ..hm ma MMH c.cca pzmoamm co om moo ocm mo cca omm moo mo cma.a ooo.oo cco.oo :o :m ooa moo omo moc.a Hmnafiz o.om o .m a o.om omo.a o.o mm: m.: omo o.om ooo.o m.ao oom.o m.oa mmm c.cca coo.ca a.o cma.a a.o ooo.a o.oa :om.o o.om :oo.o m.m: com.: c.cca mcm.ma unmeaom ampasz aopoa ooao AQMDZHBZOUV cszDcm QHHmDOUOImmzzo mo NDH4> hpfifioc smzom .aaanma .oz Aac .o.m .coma .hxospsmm .wcamem mo msmnoo .m.c "cannon .haco mpans sawmnno: amgfih cmm swans Hom* o.om c.:N m.o a.m .w .3 .: q-ICOH HMH dWfiv4 c.cca pzmoamm mco oco.o oco.o Na w ow mma mma om: Hmpadz hpnzoc nowhoz ooa>hmm :oamnopxm mobdc Hmpnmc ”>HN *comauupsom coaco: Honasz psmm pownpnoc comasnpzom goaooz pqom ammo oz @902 no cca mm co co mm, co co m: on cm coo can» mmoa aoooom mpanc cmaQSOOOIHstom *comauuosao> soacoz comaunosao> soacoz who; no ccc.omg mmm.ma op ccc.oa mmm.:a op ccc.oa mmm.m, op oco.o ccc.o can» mmmq mcamSOm cmaQSOOO 190230 mo msaa> wpacb cmaQSOOOIHmczc mnmda 74 dom.N Na omo.o mmm.m m mmo.o mom.a om oao wcm.o oco.o manooac mm:.a ocm om:.a mmm mom.a ma cma moo omm.a ppoaHHm cao.o om :cc.m omm.o mm moc.m mom.m c: oao o:o.m cmm.m Hophoc omm.a mom omm.ma com.a aom oom.:a omm ow moo :ao.:a ooa.oa chom mmo.:mo oao.om mmm.dmo mmm.mcm mmo.om moo.moo ocm.mmm aco.oa moo.om mm:.cao mmo.omm opdpm ooH4.Qoamnopxm moboc Hopawc mBHZD OZHmDOm ”>X mam<9 Hozosm no 959 oz - cohosm .Hozosm Ho QSpSpom omb obamsaoxm .HoSozm no popnpom mmapaaaommmwnaSpmm ozoz no moapaaaoom poaaoa Hozpc ooaosm .poaaoa nosam omo obamfiaoxm .ooaaoa :msam moaoaaaoom poaaoa Hopoz cooam oz ohdpodhpm ocaopsc nopoz cooam ohfipofihpm ocamnH noooz cooam oaoc maoc whopozapm ocamnH “moo: oooam caoc o pom Nflmmsm Mona: moans woamoom aao 75 Aav .c.m .mm magma .moond.aao8m coo opopm axoopnom omo.ma moo moc.om mco.ma ooo oco.om oco.oa cmm mac.m oam.mm maopoa ooo.a cm oao.a amm.a moo.a omm.a om mma moo.a moo.o :mzom Acmc .oo-ma .o ..ao .ma .oz mc:.m mcc.a omo.~ ma o o omo aoa oom.a mmm.m oac.a mao.m m 3 ca moo mom m:m.a o:c.m moo Noc.~ ma --- a: :mo ooa , omm mmo :om moo.a oom.o oom.a mmm.m nowaoz oomasoz oozohzoa ooa4 soamnopxm moboc Monaco ZHBZOUV mBHZD UZHWDom a>N mam49 .coma .mnamSOm .mnmsoc .m .c ”moafiom HoZosm Ho 958 oz conosm .Hozosm Ho Dop£pwm om: obamfiaoxm .Hozosm Ho napspom moapaaaoom wgaspom onoz no moapaaaoom poaaoa nonpc coaosm .poaaoe sosam omo obamSHon .poaaoe oosam moapaaaoom poaaoa Mono: cooam oz manpozhpm ooampsc nova; cooam myoposapm ocamnH good: cooam caoc aaoc myoposnpm odamGH Rooms cooam oaoo o pom Hamnzm Hopoz opaoc wnamoom aad 76 omo.o omm.a :mo.o omm.a NON amm ma aom.a amc.o c: m:: mom.o mmm.m fifim.a cN assoonc mma.a moo omo.a om :oa ma aoo.a ppoaHHm moo.: omo mac.o mmm :N mom moo :mc.: ma oma cmo.: om: Nao oa nopnoc moa.ma acm.a oc:.aa mom.o :c: o: oom.o oco.o o: oma.o mmm.m aom cnom mac.ocm cmm.oda omc.mom moo.mm omc.mm oao.moa o:o.m mcm.m:: moa.ma mmm.om oma.oo~ coo.oo mpdpm wondvnoamnopxm monoc nopnoc mUHBmHmMBOdemO Q4mDBUDmBm aH>N mamda onoz N onoz cmummm Odnpomflm mow onoz no a noNoonm NmnoNnn mogpoac osoz naoo nohnm nonmoz opzdraaom no opfi4 nonnammnnomSanz. N odoz osam pSOSpas msoos nonpc ofiam Spas mnooz nonpo mpanc oanpooam naupaasm moosnum mmoflomam no .Haoz .nooam moosnfim nad.ano3 nova: pom no Soopm moQaSoozxmcasmoz a pnoamazmm‘wdapoom .muma .oo .o magma “oouma .oo .co mason .coma ..nm .osamsom no momooc .m .om .muma .oo .o oapoe nmuma .o .: magma ”omuma .oo .oa magma .coma ..nm .moamsom Ho msmqoo .m .ca 77 moo.oo omo.o mco.om cmc.o omo ooa.o mow oom.o omc.om mma ::N.o coo.am ccm omo.m moo.o coo maopoa ooo.m amm omm.~ cmm mmo woo cmc.N om oom omm.m co mao mom mm sozom AQHDZHBZOUV mOHBmHmmBOdM¢mo H¢MDBcDmBm oo:.m com omo mma oao.m maa.a a: cm am nu- zoo om No cm coo.m aoc.a Ill 0‘: mm: :m o:o.m aoc.a ooo cm mo am : 'Iul- sownoz oomazoz oom.m mom mom.N NoN m: mom mm mma moo.m mom omo.m ma com moa mononzoq oond coamnopxm moboc nopnoc ~H>N N ocoz onoz no a nouoonm ozoz copoom oanpooam m.mo mnohnn nonpoflm onoz naoc nohnn.nosmo3 opfidtaaom no ops4 nonnammlnowsanz monaSooS‘wmanmos onoz 05am pSOSpaz momma nospc osam Spas mnooz nonpc mpasc oanpooam nanpaawm mooznom mmoaomam no .Hao3 .nooam moosnsm na4_anoz nova: pom no adopm mdmdfi a pcoamaodw mmapoom 78 .mm m.c: o.o: o.mm m.mo a.wm m.m: a.om c.am o.om pooonom mco.cm mao.a ooo mom omm.a coo.o oom moo.a moc.aa nonasz ooosooaon ova: mpaoc mcamsom {x \O o 10 0 HQ HO\ Hm HM m {x L\- 0 HQ) NW 00 (I) 0 MH HN O\ [\ UNu—I Na) MO 0:? :W M\O \ON Nd’ OK) 0 psoonom .co magma ..nm .ma .oz aac .c.m omo.mo omm mmm.m oo mom.a co moo oa oo:.N oa coo.o oma mma.a cN ocm.o co omm.oa omo nopazz noamaboaoa suaz mpanc wnamSOm o o o o o 3C1) MN on (\\O (\CO NN mo “3' 00m O\CC) mm b—N CO O\-'~‘}' HO\ “IN NO com 0 O\CD COCO COB (DCD (DB (Dd) (Dd) (DO\ \OQ) pnoonom aoo.:o cmm.oo moc.o cmo.m mmm.m ocm.m oom oom nonazz moacwm Spaz mpacb mnamSOm oond GoamCome moboc nopnoc mmHBHAHc4m mchachzczzcc mBHz mBHZD cszDcm .am-ma .oo-ma .coma .hxospSmM .wnamsom no momcoc .m .D ”oonzom amm.co coma oom.mo coma maopoe oom.o coma occ.m coma flozom omm.a coma moa.m coma smwnoz moa.a coma aoa.a coma oooaooz ocm.o coma oco.o coma oooonzoo aom.m coma com.o coma osooono omo.a coma mao.a coma ppoaaam moo.o coma maN.o coma noonoc moc.oa coma oo:.oa coma cnom mpanD noow hpQSOU coaQSooc aopoa “aa>x mamoa 79 :m: oa ooa co co omo mm oom aoo ooa omm oo m: oco ooa moono coma mom ma ooo mm mom ooa mmo aoo omo :om om cm mm: omo moono goo wnapoagaoc nonadz *oomauuomaooo4mc ozo oBZMZAAcmzm Accmco oaomom mmo.o c::.m moo.o aom cm ama ooo.o oom maa.o mom omo omo moo aoa oco. oom.: cma.a ooc.o ooo.a ooo omm.a oao.o co:.a omc.: ooc.m ooo.o aoo.o mom.o ooc.a omm.a oco.ma moo.o maa.m omm.a moo" mmmWI. oom mmm mmo ocm.o o:m.a oom.o mom.m moc.a oom.m aopoe Nanm oua moconc moconc psoaHHoncm ooo.o omo moo.o mom no: moo.o moo.a mao.o mom.o ocm.o moo.ma omm.a ccm mom.o ocm.o momnoc Hoonom mond zoamoopxm moboc nopnoc Hapoe **opsoampnom opooo aaommsm cooaooom Ampacv Adzoonc Nocv deoonc upoaHHm nopnoc mpoanpmaa unocnomoan hpGSoU Hopoa soabnaom ononmppoapoc omoa£m¢ mwmm mpoanpman pooczoaoan cfio moapsfioc nHHHBA mqm¢9 80 .ooma .noEESm mama ma aopmom monocc monoonc on» Snag cownoao poanpmam Hoosom psocSQronH Spfioampnom sudom** ho psoapnomom hxospsom .noaposnpmnH oaflnsm go psocnopsanomsm oSp mo pnomom amm.a oom.m I l oma ocm om moo om oo ooa cmm moonc opma ooonc goo mcapoagaoc nonasz AQMDZHBZOUV oomallmmadfimfimc QZ¢ mBszHQomzm floomcm OHAmDm moo.oo ooo.ca oco.oo E II ---: coo.m moo omm.a moo.m :oo oma.m maa.a ooo omm oom.m omm ooa.m aopoe maum ona I. moconc moconc onEHHoan coo.mo acc.o acc.o aco.a caa.o momzoc aoonoo won¢ Qoamnopxm moboc nopnoc .ooma .ooapoosom u 0 OHSOW 8. moapssoc pooam noo aoooa mozom nomnoz oomasoz mononzoa mpoanpman pzocmomoan coo moapfldoc ”HHH>X mqm¢8 81 o.m aa Nd om oda dod aoa omm mdm dd ood. a maoaom dod mma mam omd od cdo.a mam: nonooc ppoaaam m.m mm ocN dmd omo omo.a mdd omm ccm om dma.o oaoaom a.m mma :Na cad om: dod.a omo omo oaa.a mma doc.o mdaz handoc nopnoc c.ca m.m ooo moo ooa.a ooc.a oao.o mdo.o omc.o dmo.m mmm.m oam.m mdo dmm mdo.a maa.a mao daa.a coa mma com.da cmo.oa oaoaom oaoz hpSSOO doom oon4_noamnopxm monoc nopnmc mmch QZ< mmdmw mN mzcmmmm Hm QmBmAmZOU Accmom "XHx mqm4B mnoow aoonoo moaooz onoz no : mnoow mua owoaaoc mnoow d mnoom Mia aoozoo swam mnoow w mnoow m mnoow oIo mnoow :Ia hnopnoaoam wnaHoosom oz Qoapoadmom 82 m.o d.m oo am mo aa do oo co co omo aco om ooa cma dda doa omo am mo mmc.a cmc.a oaoaom odds hpczoc momanoz o.o a.o om mo mda co oco omm mco oom ooa.a oac.a dam omm mdd omd odo ooo mo oo mmm.m moc.m oaoaom mam: 593500 mononzmq o.o o.o ama dom mod odo doo.a aac.a omm.a coa.a moo.a moo.a dmo mdo oom coo dmo oom am ooa mdo.m om~.m maoaom mam: hpnfioc nonoonc wond :oamzopxm mobdc nopndc aom22anzocc omcqc ozo omomn om ozcoomm no omnmqucc occoco “NHX mnooH Hoonom Sdacmz onoz no d mnoow mna owoaaoc mnoow d mnoow nua aooooo swam mnoow w mnoow m mnoow olo mnoow dla thonEon mnaaoosom oz coapodsmom mqmda 83 unopoonosc oaaosoom coo aoaoom Hononoc mdo.o mma.a odo.a omo.o ccd.m omm.a mmd.aa ooo.o moa.o oma.aa moa.o odc.o ooa.cm oco.ca mmo.m ooo.o omo.o omm.a ooa.o cco.d ooo.o aoo.m oom.o ooo.o Noo.a moo oom oom.om moo.oo omc.mo nonasz oadfiom odds maopoa o.m ocm mam omm dam mom moo mcd ocd ad omo.o oaoaom m.m omm oma ocm oom moo oo omm.N oaoz mumsOc sozom m.o do oma oaN aaN Ncc.a odN mad cd oom.m oaoaom .do~-ma .oamuma .oo .oo oaooa ..om cma may .c.m .ooapma .coma .hxospsom .GOapoasaom mo mSonc .m.D .oondom a.m mm om dma oma omm mdm om: mm: mm oom.m maoz hundoc nownos won< noawzopmm wobmc nopnoc momDZHBchv mango ozo omomn om ozcommm no omemamzco accmoo mnoow aoonom :oacoz mnoom d mnoow mna owoaaoo mnoow : mnoow Mia Hoosom swam mnoow w mnooH m mnoow olo mnoow dla knopsoaoam mnaaoonom oz soapoafimom «NHN mgm49 84 . . . . oauooa .oo .c oaooa coaamoa oo mo mason .doauooa .oo .oo oanoa .doma .pooo .nWoooooo oo npamnopaoc .mm .02 .moanom opansaaoc oxospzom .moapmfioc mxospnom ho mzoamnoaam Hoaoom one noonSOm .nopoonoso ma omnobac haoaonpxo noamsoaac no moaposoo macaw :oapoanon wzanomooa nom mamon noaaoo coppaanom mmodn .mose .noamnoaao pomp no =onoom= mpa no oddpacwoa Hooanoasn Spas monocnoooo ca :oamnoaac zoom :0 gnon o conwammo ma mundoo noomm .Nop Haom oco..Nop ono£m Anon .Nop moxmasz .Mdp hpnomonm Hononom oczaosa mpoanpmac Hoo£om now moszmbon Mop Hoooa now moonfiom hxozpnom one .coma .cm ondc mma mono noon Hoomam 0:» now poanpmac Hoosom on» no momnmmxo wnaponomo now zaaoooa coponanpooo mossonon Hop mcaponomo pnonnSo 0:» 092a magmnonaoa maaoc omonobo on» wnacabac on copdaaoc a ao ma.oaa dd aod.m oo mm.moo nosom caa oo.oo oo cdo.o oca oa.ooo noonoz mm dm.ad mca ooc.a om om.oom oooaooz do am.mo om mmc.m oaa mo.maN mononsmq om oc.aaa am moo.a mo mo.cmN mzzoonc oaa cN.MN :m acm.a m: o¢.mmN ##oaHHm mm mm.od o cco.o caa ao.mmm nopnoc do oc.aoa do ooo.o mo om.dom ooom mmmm Hamsm non onsuacsomxm mmmm poanpman nom maagdm anom onSpacnogNm hpzfioc aoooapoosom aoooa aaoom nom .aopoa .coma .maua mooono ca aaaooo non amooq cmm opopm .Honocom .monSQacnomxm Hocoapmoscm Hopoa oond :oaonme moboc nopnoc ZOHBdUDQm «XX mqm¢8 85 ..o& .moapmanopoonosc oaaonoom coo aoaoom Honosmc m.oa o.m o.o m.o a.do sozom oomnoz mouacoz mononzoa mszoonc ppoaaam nopnoc c.aa m.o o.o 4o.mm o.md N.:N o.m o.o o.oa m.oo o.om m.o o.m o.o d.co c.oo o.aa m.m d.o d.md m.om o.o m.o o.om d.ad ZOHHbmHmEmHQ mEOUZH o.oa a.d o.o o.m m.oo o.m m.ma o.da m.o m.o a.m o.c o.aa a.oo o.do doom omnd oon¢ :oamzopxm monoc nopnoc ”Hxx mqmda a.m c.aa m.m d.o o.oo ohm .domuma .odmnma .oo .oo oapon .cma aac .c.m .zoapoazgom mo msmnoc .m.D “monzom mpnoahom nommnmna oaoosH apnomonm anmmnnoz anon hnoaom omo mowoz moonSOm on maoona Honomnom mo Soapsn tanpmac owopsoonom 86 mam oco.ca omo.aa mmm.mo oad.o oco.ao ooc.oo mo moa.oo aom.mo maopoa won4 oo ma oom mod occ.a dmd omd.d omo.o oom doa ood.m ama.o oam.m odo.o oa nun oom odo.m moo.d odm.o o moo mmm mmd oo ooo oam oam amd oo mmd mao .a dmo.d omo doo.a moa.o moa.o .a oaa.d dma moo.a oco.a mdm.m moo ccc.o moo.o d amo.o ooo.m mca dmo aom de.d moo ocd.o mom.m d aom.m omm.d oca doo.a moo.a oac.m ooo. mom.o omd.d Na mco.d omc.m mmm omo.d mmm.d omo.oa ooa.a mmm.aa moc.oa dN aaa.oa mco.ma nozom Gownoz mohaSoz oonmnzoq assoonc ppoaaam nopnoc doom oond moamoopxm moboc nmpnoc «HHxN mdm¢a mOHBmHmmaoomomo Homom MOMdQ cohoamaozc cohoamam monom nomad nobc omo oac mnoow da .oaoamm coooamaonc oomOHmam monom nonoa Goaaabao moonom coan< monom nopoq nmnc omo oac mnoon da .oao: l l ‘ 1 all I ' ‘0'. Ill 1': ll IEI . 87 dm mma oaa mo mm mm ooa dmm cao ood oom oo mononzma oo omo ood omo omm md oom ooc.m oom.a ooo.a ddm ao mszoonc AQMDZHBZOOV moHBmHmchdmdmo Homom mcmdd dd cao omm oma moa oa mma omm omo moo odd oo ppoaHHm do moo ooo dom omm dd omo ooo.a oom oom odm mma nopnoc mma moo.a mmc.a omc.a oam mma ooo ooo.d mmm.m oco.o ooo.a aoo omom oon4_zoamnopxm mobmc nopnoc nobc o coo cac ch coo cHo nobc o 6H0 UHO 6H0 6H0 cHo cac mnoon oo mnoow dolo: mnoon dduoo mnoow doaoo mnooH :Nlma onoon mauda oaoaom oac mnoon oo mnoow douod mnoow oolom onoon donoo mnmmw dNnma mnoon manda cams “HHXX mqmdfi oonom nonoa ma ocomnom mo 0&4 88 .doouma .oam-ma .oo .oo magma ..no cma aac .o.m .moapma Inopoonosc oaaquom omo Hoaoom Hononoc oxospzom .coma .soapoasmom Mo momsoc .m.c ”oonSOm acd aa o m nopc o oac mnoon oo omm.o moo ooa maa oac mnoon douod mmo.o oma moa oo oac onoon dduoo ooo.o ooa co mo oac mnoon donom dmm.a odm dm mo oac mnoon dmuoa odo oo o d oac onoon mauda oaoaom d.oo mdm.mom oao.o ooa oma od nopc o ago maoon oo d.oo moa.ooa Nao.o omo oom moo cac mnoon oouod m.om oom.moa oac.o moo . aod ooa , oao mnmon ddnoo m.om cao.oaa doa.o coo oco aoa cac mnoon douoo d.co mom.oo dmo.d ooo odo oda oac mnoom dmuoa m.am oom.odm coo mca om dd cac mnoon mauda odm: oonom moHom Spom maopoa sozom sownoz oohazoz monom nondq ma nonoa ca opopm oon¢ mnomnom no ow4 mom ho R wond_:oamnopxm moboc nounoc AQszHBzcov mOHBmHmch¢m¢mc momom mcmdq "HHNX mAm4E gi‘i'ulll‘ 0:! O/ 00 dm.m d.ca ooa ooo.a dmd.a ppoaHHm mo.N m.aa amo ama.o dmo.o nopnoc mm.a o.m mod.a ooo.oa ooc.oa ooom don¢Vnoamnome moboc nopnoc mcHBmHB4Bm Hzmswcqmzm m.m dm.a How 000 ooo.o coo.co oao.cd ddm.oom mdo.dd mod.doc.a oond oxospcom ”aaaxx mamoa oapdm nomnoz .noMnozlnoz coooamaosc monom nonda mo R comoanaozc cohoagam fionom nonoa 2a nonadz Imanopoonosc oaaozoom o aoaoom Hononoc MWod.o o.o cco ocd.o mom.o szom mo.o o.o ooa dmo.o cdo.m flownoz oo.o o.m am Nca.a mma.a omwanoz oond SOamnome monoc nopnoc AQMDZHEZOOV mOHBmHEHxx mqmda 92 52:22 9:23 “moo .Eeozc: 2on $955 Emsacdao. 3:8 oz< Ems—~32; use. ac EE<§ mam.m mmm.a o.ao aaa mmo doo amd omo oad omo.m sozom .domIma .odoIma .oo .oo canoe ocm NmaIma .oo .om oaooe .cma mac .c.m .moapmanopoononc oaaonoom ocm Hoaoom Hononoc omm.a omm.a d.mo oo omo dod ood oom omo omo.o nownoz oom.a ooc.m cdo.a omm.a o.om o.oo oa mm mm omo aoa amo oma cod omo mcm moo, omo mdc.a coo.m oooazoz mononzoq .coma .zoapoasgom no mzmnoc .w.c ”monSom mmm.: moaaaaom an oaoocH :oacoz maa.: deSdabadflH oopdaom dud moaaaaom on oSoo:H noacoz o.oo ccc.oo noon: moaaaaom m mcd no>c oom ccc.oao oco.o mmm.mo I ccc.oo amw.a mmmJao I ccc.oa aom mmm.mo I ccc.oo omo mmm.ao I ccc.ao omm ccc.ao noon: coa.m A.onv moaHaaom Had assoonc oaoozH hdaaom wond Qoamcopxm moboc nopnoc Aom32anzccc moaazocc nm mochH omaoazdm ”>HNX MAm¢B 111'1 DEPARTMENT OF HOME MANAGEMENT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan MICH II I AN STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES TIMI mun II 1293 03070 8832