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ABSTRACT

NUMERICAL TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY 0F PALEOZOIC
FASCICULATE BRYOZOANS (ECTOPROCTS)

By

Thrasos Eftaxiadis

The operational taxonomic whole of this study consists of
Paleozoic stenolaemate bryozoans having a fasciculate mode of growth;
the operational taxonomic units are 398 zoaria that include represent~
atives of 123 genera and type specimens of 87 genera.

R-mode analysis clusters the original 150 binary skeletal
characters into 98 clusters at the 0.40 level of Jaccard's coefficient.
Q-mode analysis of single exemplars of each genus using only independ-
ent, determinate, nonecophenotypic and nonsubjective characters and
all combinations of two clustering methods and two binary coefficients
of associatiOn shows that the us: of Jaccard's coefficient and the
weighted pair-group clustering method produces a classification that
is more closely correlated to the familial classification of the
standard treatices than any other numerical method. This classifica-
tion provides 18 families at the 0.21 level of Jaccard's coefficient;
with one exception, all of these originated in the Arenig, suggesting
that the phylogeny of this group follows the pattern of great morph-
ologic diversity at its onset, and later standardization of the

successful groups.

NUMERICAL TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY OF PALEOZOIC
FASCICULATE BRYOZOANS (ECTOPROCTS)

By

Thrasos Eftaxiadis

A THESIS

Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE
College of Natural Science
Department of Geology

1973

Dedicated to my wife, Bonnie,
for her understanding and support
throughout this study.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I acknowledge the assistance of Sam B. Upchurch and
Harold w. Scott. I am indebted to Robert L. Anstey for his support
and assistance throughout this study. I thank Alan S. Horowitz,
Robert V. Kesling, and Charles Waterston, curators of the Indiana
University Paleontological Collection, University of Michigan Pale-
ontological Museum, and Royal Scottish Museum, respectively, for the

use of specimens in their custody.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF TABLES ....................... v
LIST OF FIGURES ...................... vi
INTRODUCTION ........................ 1
STUDY METHODS ....................... 6
Selection of Specimens ................. 6
Selection of Skeletal Characters ............ 9
ANALYSIS OF DATA ...................... 22
R-MODE ANALYSIS ...................... 25
Q-MODE ANALYSIS ...................... 34
Generic Classification ................. 34
Comparison of Classifications .............. 37
Analysis of all OTU's .................. 42
PHYLOGENY .......................... 54
CONCLUSIONS ........................ 58
LIST OF REFERENCES ..................... 59
APPENDICES ......................... 65

iv

Table

LIST OF TABLES

Summaries of some studies on numerical taxonomy in
invertebrate paleontology (1968-1973) .........

Characters of fasciculate tubular Paleozoic
bryozoans .......................

Sequence of steps used in this study .........
Characters eliminated from initial set of l50 .....

Monogeneric family-level phena for six classifi-
cations ........................

Simple-matching coefficients of association among
classifications ....................

Page

12
24
27

38

41

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

1.

LOCD‘JO'IU'I

Q-mode (Simple Matching coefficient) phenogram of
120 OTU's using 150 characters, clustered by the

average linkage unweighted pair-group method ......

R-mode (Jaccard's coefficient) dendrogram of 135
characters using 120 OTU's; by the average linkage
unweighted pair-group method. Subsequently elimi-

nated characters are indicated by asterisks ......

Change in number of clusters versus association
level in phenograms of 123 clustered genera based

on 95 characters . . . . ................

Q-mode phenogram of 123 genera based on Jaccard's
coefficient, clustered by the average linkage weight-
ed pair-group method. Eighteen phenons containing
more than one genus are identified. Sample is divided
into subsamples A, B, C, and D to be used in the

final Q-mode analysis of the OTN ............
Final Q-mode phenogram of subsample A of OTw ......
Final Q-mode phenogram of subsample B of OTW ......
Final Q-mode phenogram of subsample C of OTN ......
Final Q-mode phenogram of subsample D of OTw ......
Phylogeny of 18 family-level phena ...........

vi

Page

28

30

35

43
46
48
50
52
55

INTRODUCTION

The vast numbers of named paleontological taxa requiring
evaluation and possible revision, as well as the need to manipulate
large numbers of specimens, necessitate fast, reliable, and objective
systematic procedures. The abundance or scarcity of suitable material,
state of preservation, diversity of techniques, different understanding
of biological concepts, inability to digest the voluminous literature,
and zealous new-taxa-hunting have resulted both in the creation of
superfluous taxa and in the submergence of other genetically distinct
taxa. With reproducibility and objectivity as its aims, numerical
taxonomy promises to be a useful tool in clarifying the existing com-
plex of subjective classifications. Numerical taxonomy is the
"numerical evaluation of the affinity or similarity between taxonomic
units and the ordering of these units into taxa on the basis of their
affinities" (Sokal and Sneath, 1963, p. 48).

In order that the manipulation of phenetic data obtained
from the study of organisms be reproducible (i.e., given the same
operational taxonomic units (OTU's) and characters, duplicate results
can be produced) the following taxonomic steps must be made explicit
(Kaesler, 1969b, p. 89):

1) Selection of characters for use in the study;

2) Weighting of characters;

3) Choice of coefficient to be computed from numerical
phenetic data;

4) Selection of method of cluster analysis;

5) Determination of levels of similarity for subgrouping
in a hierarchical classification.

This study utilizes a standard list of characters to be
described for each specimen, weights characters by means of a multi-
step screening process, selects a similarity coefficient and cluster-
ing method based in accordance with standard taxonomies, and examines
the resultant hierarchical clusters for discontinuities between taxo-
nomic levels.

As in the study of other organic groups, the systematics of
Paleozoic stenolaemate bryozoans have varied because of input by such
factors as:

1) Establishment of taxa in the early years of paleontol-
ogy, when preparation techniques were not well developed.

2) Nomenclature based on morphology affected by environ-
mental pressures, resulting in ecophenotypic variation in morphology
both within and between genetic populations.

3) The assumption that either no variability existed within
a taxon, or that it was accidental and not of genetic significance.

4) Emphasis placed by various authors on very few char-
acters, or groups of characters, to the exclusion of many others.

5) Lack of recognition of the correlation between char-
acters, and the resultant bias in classification.

Attempts to standardize the systematics of bryozoans by
utilizing quantitative treatments were not made before 1960. A review

and discussion of biometric procedures applied to taxonomic studies

of Paleozoic bryozoans has been given by Anstey and Perry (1970).
Numerical taxonomy has become increasingly important in all areas of
invertebrate paleontology; several studies using fifteen or more phene-
tic characters published between 1968 and 1973 (Table 1) show this.

This study recognizes more complete morphological variation
by utilizing and statistically treating more characters from a larger
sample of the operational taxonomic whole (0TH) than have previous
works. The objectives of this study are:

1) The recognition, screening, and establishment of a large
set of morphological diagnostic characters applicable to numerical
treatment of fasciculate stenolaemate bryozoans using the exemplar
method (Sokal and Sneath, 1963, p. 161);

2) Comparison of conventional classifications at the genetic
level with numerical ones derived by several methods utilizing the
above set of characters;

3) Construction of the phylogeny of the genera using the
outcome of the numerical taxonomy coupled with stratigraphic range

information.

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STUDY METHODS

Selection of Specimens

The OTW (operational taxonomic whole) of this study, as
sampled by 398 OTU's (operational taxonomic units), consists of the
Paleozoic stenolaemate bryozoans of North America (with the exception
of certain families listed below). The class Stenolaemata (Phylum
Ectoprocta) includes the members of the Orders Cyclostomata, Cystopor-
ata, Trepostomata, and Cryptostomata having cone or tube-shaped
zooecia, terminal apertures, and an increase of zooecial length during
ontogeny (Boardman and Cheetham, 1969, p. 208). They conform to the
double-walled concept (Borg, 1926, p. 594), having an outermost mem-
branous layer protecting an outer coelomic space, both of which are
continuous over the upper surfaces of the zoarium. This study excludes
members of the families:

Phylloporinidae

Fenestellidae

Acanthocladiidae

Arthrostylidae

Phaceloporidae

Diastoporidae

Tubuliporidae

Reptariidae

Crownoporidae
because of their nonfasciculate arrangement of zooecia. The term
fasciculate is here used to mean parallelly arranged zoecia, normally
with a well defined endozone and exozone, and all apertures exposed

perpendicularly or slightly obliquely to the surface of the well

calcified, stony zoarium. Although this usage is not in conformity
with morphological standardly used nomenclature, it conveys the major
unifying characteristic of the OTw more clearly than any other avail-
able term.

Character states of the 398 OTU's were determined from thin-
sections of the zoaria, which were obtained from the following paleont-
ological collections:

Collection §9gg_
Nicholson Collection, Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh N
Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor UM

Paleontological Collection, Michigan State University,
East Lansing MSU

Paleontological Collection, Indiana University, Bloom-
ington all others

All OTU's are type specimens described and/or figured in 42 separate
publications; 42 nontype specimens coded as MSU and NT are hereby ele-
vated to hypotype status (Appendices I, II). Appendix I provides a code
number, the most recently assigned generic name, specific name, author,
date of naming, code or catalog number of specimen used in the publica-
tion or by the repository, and its nomenclatorical status; Appendix II
lists the OTU's in alphabetic order by genus and species.

The OTU's include specimens having varying degrees of nomen-
clatorical status, according to the Rules of the International Commis-
sion on Zoological Nomenclature (1964). The nomenclatorical status

levels are simplified as follows:

 

 

Nomenclatorical Type
Status Designation
l Holotype,

Cotype, Lectotype,
or Paratype of type species

Homeotype of type species
Hypotype of type species

Nontype representative of type species

U'I-hWN

Holotype,
Cotype, Lectotype,
or Paratype of nontype species
Homeotype of nontype species
Hypotype of nontype species

Nontype representatives of nontype species

OGDNOI

Specimens not identified to species level

Two hundred forty-six generic names of Paleozoic stenolaemate bryozoans
(excluding certain families listed above) distributed in North America
were found through a search of the literature up to 1973. Of them,
123 are represented by the OTU's (half of the total names in the 0TH);
18 genera are represented by the primary types of their type species.
Only one OTU was finally selected to represent each generic name in
Q-mode clustering (Appendix II). This was done in accordance with the
exemplar method (Sokal and Sneath, 1963, p. 161) which suggests the
use of "a single representative of the polymorphic group," in this
case the genus, "in the expectation that the variance of the polymor-
phic forms within their taxon is less than the variance among the taxa
of the study; thus, the error introduced by choosing a single repre-

sentative of a taxon should not be large enough to seriously affect

the estimation of the similarity among the taxa of the study; if this
were not so it would raise the question of the validity of the repre-
sented taxon."‘ Paleontology, as well as much of neontology, always

has and always will deal with individual specimens as part of its

 

operant methodology, rather than populations. Fossils are rarely, if
ever, collected as populations; paleontological methods must be capable
of identification of individuals. In each case the exemplar was the
OTU with the highest nomenclatorical status among all those available

under the same generic name.

Selection of Skeletal Characters

Choice of characters has been a major reason for subjective
variation in assignments of taxa. This effect can be minimized by
measuring or coding a large number of different types of characters
and treating them numerically. Sokal and Sneath (1963, p. 92) make
two suggestions for selecting characters:

1) Choose "all kinds of characters from all parts of the
body and from all stages of the life cycle of the organisms." Even
though the nonspecificity hypothesis suggests that characters from any
part of the organism can characterize the organism, this cannot be
established a_prjgrj_for every group.

2) "Use all characters varying within the group studied,
not merely conventional diagnostic ones."

One of the controversies in numerical taxonomy is the prob-
lem of the number of characters that should ideally be used. A minimum

of 60 has been suggested by Michener and Sokal (1957) and as many as

10

1,000 are needed according to Steyskal (1968) for insects. In testing
for a reasonable number of characters, Sokal and Sneath (1963) observed
that as the number of characters increased, the rate of decrease of the
confidence bands became negligible after the number of characters
approached 100. Sokal, Camin, Rohlf, and Sneath (1965) claim numerical
taxonomy based on 100 characters to be far more legitimate than con-
ventional taxonomy utilizing few characters. In paleontology, taxono-
mists are naturally limited as to the nature and number of characters
they can use because of the varying quality of preservation of their
material. Partially or poorly preserved specimens, in addition to the
lack of soft morphological, physiologic and behavioral characteristics,
have forced researchers to use generally less than 100 characters
(Table 1 lists numbers of characters used in paleontological studies).

In accordance with the philosophy of Sokal, Camin, Rohlf,
and Sneath (1965), this study utilized a preliminary list of 150 two-
state skeletal characters (Table 2). Because of the emphasis of treat-
ment at the generic rather than the specific level, quantitative
characters emphasizing the morphological and structural elements of
variability within genera and, therefore, more applicable for descrip-
tion and differentiation at the specific level, were avoided in favor
of qualitative and semi-quantitative ones.

Eighty of the 150 characters of skeletal morphology closely
resemble those used by Anstey and Perry (1973, p. 11) for the study of
Ordovician trepostomes. The remaining characters were compiled to
describe the skeletal morphology of post-Ordovician trepostomes as

well as nontrepostome members of the OTw. These characters were

11

selected both by examination of the published literature dealing with
the classification of the OTw, and by direct observation of the OTU's.

The 150 two-state characters were recorded as true (1) or
false (0) for each OTU. Provision was made for characters that were
missing, uncodable, or inapplicable due to damaged or poorly preserved
specimens or other reasons; such characters were scored indeterminate
(2). A number of multistate characters were treated as a series of
two-state characters as suggested by Sokal and Sneath (1963, p. 76) and
Anstey and Perry (1973, p. 10).

The list of 150 characters was initially used with the under-
standing that subsequent treatment (R-mode) would filter out indeter-
minate, highly correlated (redundant), ecophenotypic, and highly sub-
jective characters, and establish a residual set that would ideally be

determinate, independent, and diagnostic.

Table 2.

12

Characters of fasciculate tubular paleozoic bryozoans.

I. CHARACTERS OF ZOARIAL GROWTH

A. Zoarial Shape

1.

5.

Zoarium pseudoramose, axial region hollow or filled by
clear calcite or detritus and bounded by basal lamina
(epitheca) of colony

Zoarium frondescent (foliaceous)

Zoarium composed of vertical, radiating biofoliate leaves

Zoarium articulated, having two or more segments connected
by nodes

Zoarial segments having a tapered base

8. Budding Patterns

6.
7.

10.

11.

12.

l3.
14.

15.

Zooecia radiating from a central longitudinal axis

Zooecia arising from both sides of a median lamina (meso-
theca)

Zooecia of hemispherical colony having radial growth from
a single point of origin, not laminate (parallel from basal
layer) growth

Zooecia arranged in longitudinal rows, parallel to long
axis of zoarium

Zooecia arranged in diagonal rows, oblique to long axis of
zoarium

Zooecia arranged in radiating rows with depressed areas or
grooves separating each linear series

Zooecia arranged in intersecting spirals (Fibonacci or
sunflower pattern)

Budding of new zooecia mostly limited to base of colony

Intercalated budding particularly prominent in vicinity of
endozone-exozone boundary

Zoarial growth characterized by numerous rejuvenated zones
(recurrent mature zones) or zones of iterative budding,
commonly containing brown bodies just posterior to planes
of rejuvenation

Table 2.

l3
Continued.

Nonzooidal Colony Structures
16. Zoarial base heavily calcified, lacking apertures
17. Noncelluliferous surfaces of zoarium striated

18. Noncelluliferous ridges (carinae) parallel to long axis
of zoarium

l9. Noncelluliferous ridges perpendicular to long axis of
zoarium

20. Zoarial surface subdivided into polygonal areas separated
by noncelluliferous ridges

21. Longitudinal ranges of zooecia separated by continuous
dark line in wall

22. Zooecial apertures separated by parallel series of long
dark lines in wall

23. Dark longitudinal range boundaries containing mural tubules

24. Dark lines in wall forming unbroken polygons around each
zooecial aperture

Maculae

25. Open mesopores or vesicles forming distinct central cluster
in maculae

26. Maculae composed entirely of mesopores or alveoli; sur-
rounding megazooecia absent

27. Macular center depressed below general level of zoarial
surface; walls considerably thickened

28. Macular center noncelluliferous because of greatly thick-
ened wall material

29. Maculae highly elevated, sharply conical in cross-section
(visible along margins of longitudinal section)

30. Elongate maculae tapered at proximal end
31. Macular mesopore clusters stellate

32. Maculae forming bands perpendicular to long axis of zoarium

14

Table 2. Continued.

33.

Maculae forming bands oriented obliquely to long axis
of zoarium

II. CHARACTERS OBSERVABLE IN TANGENTIAL SECTION

A. Zooecial Apertural Outlines

34.

35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.

Circular or elliptical to subpolygonal, having rounded
corners

Polygonal, having angular corners

More elongate than equidimensional

Wedge-shaped (cuneiform) or subtriangular

Rhombic or quadrate

Pentagonal or hexogonal

Invaginated, having a kidney, peanut or dumb bell shape
Petaloid

Quadrate in axial region (as seen in transverse or deep
tangential sections)

B. Zooecial Size and Spacing

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

Maximum intermacular diameter generally greater than 0.15
mm

Maximum intermacular diameter generally greater than 0.20
mm

Maximum intermacular diameter generally greater than 0.25
mm

Minimum intermacular diameter generally greater than 0.20
mm

Maximum interzooecial void distance generally greater
than one zooecial diameter

Zooecia isolated or nearly isolated by mesopores or
alveoli in intermacular areas

Table 2.

15

Continued.

Wall Structure

49. Dark divisional line in wall in thick-walled areas
between adjacent zooecial apertures

50. Wall amalgamate, having broad nonlaminated central area
in wall in thick-walled areas between adjacent zooecial
apertures

51. Apertural walls lined by sharply differentiated peristome
or cingulum

52. Maximum wall thickness between adjacent zooecial apertures
generally greater than 0.04 mm

53. Numerous double-funnel shaped mural pores between adja-
cent apertures; wall laminae flexed into mural pores

54. Straight-sided pores between adjacent apertures; wall
laminae not noticeably flexed

55. Dark granules in wall forming distinct bands around
zooecial apertures

56. Short dark lines (pustules) radially arranged in wall
perpendicular to zooecial apertures

57. Zooecial apertures surrounded by minute pores in wall
(mural tubules)

Lunaria

58. Lunaria slight outcurvings of zooecial walls, not pro-
minent

59. Lunaria highly curved, prominent

60. Lunarial spurs (pseudosepta) present

‘61. Lunarial deposit sharply differentiated from laminae of
zooecial wall

62. Lunaria having thin dark colored zone on inner side that
is continuous with zooecial wall

63. Rodlike cores present in some lunarial deposits

64. Lunarial margins bearing knoblike or spinose projections

Table 2.

16

Continued.

65.

Lunarial margin bearing a longitudinal median ridge
(lunarial carina)

Intrazooecial Structures

66. Edges of highly crescentic diaphragms appearing in most
zooecial apertures

67. Edges of nearly straight but slightly crescentic cysti-
phragms or hemiphragms appearing in most zooecial
apertures

68. Multiple nested cystiphragms appearing in single zooecial
aperture

69. Numerous small blisterlike cystiphragms present in each
zooecial aperture

70. Cystiphragms making zooecial apertures strongly V-shaped
(or cuneiform) rather than rounded

71. Single cystiphragms very large, generally constricting
more than one third of zooecial aperture

72. Edges of obliquely oriented diaphragms or hemiphragms
appearing in most zooecial apertures

73. Foramina of ring septa appearing in zooecial apertures

74. Foramina of ring septa kidney-shaped in outline

75. Septa projecting radially into zooecia, not associated
with inflecting acanthopores

76. Zooecial walls bearing knoblike projections or spines

Mesopores

77. Generally more than three mesopores, vesicles, or incip-
ient zooecia in direct contact with each zooecial
aperture

78. Small clusters of numerous mesopores present between

adjacent zooecial apertures

Table 2.

17

Continued.

Acanthopores

79. Small dark spots observable at junction angles of
integrate-walled zooecial apertures

80. Acanthopores at junction angles of most adjacent zooe-
cial apertures

81. Acanthopores numerous, ringing zooecial apertures

82. Acanthopores in continuous longitudinal rows between
zooecial ranges

83. Centered acanthopores common along zooecial walls

84. Acanthopores commonly inflecting zooecial walls

85. Acanthopores differentiated into two distinct size
classes (endacanthopores and exacanthopores, or mega-
canthopores and micracanthopores)

86. Lumen diameter generally greater than one-half acantho-
pore diameter

87. Generally more than two acanthopores associated with
each zooecial aperture

88. Acanthopore diameter (of larger class if bimodal) gen-

erally greater than 0.03 mm

III. CHARACTERS OBSERVABLE IN LONGITUDINAL SECTION

A.

Zooecial Geometry

89.

90.

91.

92.

Zooecia in exozone inclined at less than 60 degrees to
zoarial surface

Zooecia displaying conspicuous bend at endozone-
exozone boundary

Zooecia displaying flat base (keel) in cross-section
of recumbent portion

Zooecia displaying indentations (sinuses) in cross-
section of recumbent portion

Table 2.

18

Continued.

Wall Structure

93.
94.
95.
96.

97.
98.

99.

100.

101.

102.

103.

104.

105.

106.

Zooecial walls crenulated in endozone
Zooecial walls crenulated in exozone
Monilae present

Spacing between successive monilae greater than zooe-
cial diameter

Tubules (minutopores) present in zooecial wall

Mural lacunae (spherical disruptions) present in zooe-
cial wall

Zooecial walls granular appearing, may be poorly lami-
nated locally

Wall laminae sharply arched, resembling inverted V's,
not broadly convex outward (as seen in thick-walled
regions or monilae)

Zooecial walls generally amalgamate, lacking divisional
line

Amalgamate wall structure, area of central flexure broad
with respect to total wall thickness

Amalgamate wall structure, portions of wall laminae
parallel to zooecial length extending posteriorly for
a distance greater than one zooecial diameter

Diaphragm laminae continuous across two or more adjacent
mesopores or zooecia, representing an unconformity in
laminae deposition

Zones of wall laminae separated anteriorly and poster-
iorly by growth unconformities, the laminae of which do
not pass into any diaphragms

Diaphragm (or cystiphragm or hemiphragm) laminae forming
linings inside zooecial walls passing upward beneath one
or more diaphragms and merging anteriorly with mural
laminae, producing a structure resembling a stack of
nested tumblers

Table 2.

19

Continued.

107. Lunarial deposits containing tabulate longitudinal
tubelike structures

108. Mesotheca lamellate, having same structure as zooecial
walls

109. Clear hyaline layer in center of mesotheca

110. Mesotheca containing median tubules

111. Median tubules ovate in cross-section, not circular

Diaphragms

112. Diaphragms present in endozonal portions of most zooecia

113. Diaphragms present in exozonal portions of most zooecia

114. Distance between successive diaphragms in exozone gen-
erally less than one zooecial diameter

115. Depth of living chamber generally greater than one
zooecial diameter

116. Most diaphragms oriented obliquely to zooecial walls

117. Most diaphragms slightly curved, concave outward

118. Most diaphragms slightly curved, convex outward

Cystiphragms

119. Cystiphragms present in most zooecia in exozone

120. Cystiphragms not isolated, present in overlapping series

121. gyfigiphragms present in vertical series but no overlap-

122. Cystiphragms commonly hemispherical and completely
recurved to zooecial wall

123. Straight half diaphragms abutting cystiphragms

124. V-shaped or U-shaped cystiphragms linked by inclined
semidiaphragms

125. Fringed cystiphragms present

Table 2.

20

Continued.

Hemiphragms

126. Hemiphragms present in exozonal portions of most
zooec1a

127. Thin partial diaphragms abutting hemiphragms

128. Hemiphragms projecting from only one side of zooecial
wall

129. Hemiphragms or hemisepta hooked or curved, projecting
posteriorly (heterophragms)

130. Inferior hemiseptum present on distal wall

131. Superior hemiseptum present on proximal wall

Other Intrazooecial Structures

132. Infundibular (funnel-shaped) diaphragms present locally

133. Ring septa present in exozone

134. Foramina of ring septa offset distally in zoarium

135. Intrazooecial tubes present in exozone

136. Intrazooecial spines delicate and thin, not blunt and
thick

137. Spines projecting from only one side of zooecial wall

138. Spines most numerous in vicinity of endozone-exozone
boundary

139. Spines generally having lobate extremities

Mesopores and Vesicles

140.
141.
142.
143.
144.

Mesopores tubular, not vesicular or cystose

Mesopores lacking diaphragms (metapores or exilapores)
Clustered mesopores, only having vesicular structures
Most mesopores (or exilapores) moniliform

Beaded mesopores (or incipient zooecia) common in post-
erior portion of exozone

Table 2.

21

Continued.

145. Mesopores or vesicles generally overgrown by wall lami-
nae anteriorly

146. Distance between successive mesopore diaphragms or
vesicle plates generally less than tube diameter

147. Vesicles roofed by arched, imbricate plates, not by
horizontal plates having zigzag boundaries with adjacent
series of vesicles

148. Perforate tabulae (ring septa) present in mesopores or
incipient zooecia

Acanthopores

149. Tabulae present in acanthopores

150. Acanthopores showing growth discontinuities or rejuvena-

tion

ANALYSIS OF DATA

The data matrix derived from 398 OTU's coded for 150 char-
acters was used for R-mode and Q-mode comparisons (Appendix III). In
the Q-mode analysis the OTU's are compared with each other on a two-
by-two basis; in the R-mode the characters are compared with each
other on a two-by-two basis. Matrices of coefficients of associations
were calculated to show the two-by-two similarity among OTU's (Q-mode)
and characters (R-mode), respectively. Both Jaccard's coefficient of
association and the simple matching (Sokal and Michener's) coefficient
(Sokal and Sneath, 1963, p. 133) were used to compare pairs of OTU's
on the basis of the character states; the coefficients can be formu-

lated as follows (Cheetham and Hazel, 1969, p. 1131):
M
JK

Jaccard's coefficient
MJK+MJk+MjK

 

MJK+M'k
Simple Matching (Sokal and Michener's) M 3
Where: MJK ........ Present in both units compared
MJk ........ Present in first but not second
MjK ........ Present in second but not in first
Mjk ........ Absent in both
M .......... Total present in all units

The calculation of the matrices of coefficients and their
subsequent clustering into hierarchical groupings were performed by
program CLUST3, a cluster analysis program coded in Fortran IV by

Bonhan-Carter (1967) and revised for use in the CDC 6500 computer at

22

23

Michigan State University. Clustering was accomplished by means of

the average linkage weighted and unweighted pair-group methods. Dendo-
grams of clustering were plotted by inserting computer-punched cluster-
ing coordinates from CLUST3 into program DNPLOT coded in Fortran IV by
Bonham-Carter (1967) and revised for the CDC 3600 computer at Michigan
State University. The sequence of steps utilized in this study is

shown in Table 3.

Table 3.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

24

Sequence of steps used in this study.

Select specimens to be coded, using largely type specimens,
drawn from as many different genera of the OTW as available.

Formulate initial list of taxonomic characters, using the
published literature and direct examination of the OTU's.

Code specimens for each character.
Eliminate characters scored as 0 in all specimens.

Cluster specimens using simple matching coefficient and all
characters remaining.

Retain one specimen from each cluster above the 0.90 level
of simple matching coefficient.

Cluster characters into groups using independent specimens.

Retain one character from each group higher than 0.40 level
of Jaccard's coefficient.

Eliminate ecophenotypic and highly subjective characters.

Select exemplars of generic names, choosing OTU's having the
highest nomenclatorical status.

Cluster exemplars of generic names using remaining char-
acters, by four clustering methods:

a) Jaccard's weighted

b) Jaccard's unweighted

c) Simple matching weighted

d) Simple matching unweighted

Compare phenograms from step 11 with standard classifica-
tions (Bassler, 1953; Astrova, 1960) and calculate coeffi-
cients of association among all classifications.

Cluster all OTU's using the clustering method most likely
correlated to standard classifications.

Using the phenogram from step 13, and stratigraphic range
information, construct phylogenetic diagrams.

R-MODE ANALYSIS

Raup (1972, p. 38, fig. 2—3) suggests that morphology
is controlled by genetic constraints as well as functional, structural,
ecophenotypic, and chance factors. Therefore, "such apparently
straightforward problems as defining taxonomic characters and recog-
nizing homologies depend on correct recognition of causative factors.
Purely ecophenotypic variation must be recognized, for example, before
meaningful taxonomic characters can be assigned. If similarities due
to structural phenomena are not recognized false homologies may be
established." Anstey and Delmet (1973) and Delmet and Anstey (in
press) have shown that complexes of specific characters in bryozoans
do not always have genetic affinities but can result from single
causes. For "higher taxonomic levels" Sokal and Sneath (1963, p. 125)
suggest that "analysis of R-type matrices should lead to information
on phylogenetic factors at work within the group studies."

The morphological analysis in this study reduces the original
set of characters into a smaller basic set of variables. To determine
the interdependence of the 150 characters and the overall phenetic
variation within the 0TW, a preliminary Q-mode analysis of all of the
OTU's was carried out using all available characters. Subsequent
screening out of correlated specimens above the 0.90 level of the
simple matching coefficient established a residual group of independ-

ent specimens for R-mode analysis. Because of limitations in program

25

26

memory, the preliminary Q-mode screening had to be carried out itera-
tively; the 398 OTU's were first arbitrarily divided into three groups
of 156 OTU's or less each. For each group coefficients of association
were clustered into phenetic groupings using the unweighted pair-group
method. Only one OTU in each group that clustered at the level of 0.90
or higher was retained in the sample; OTU's having the highest nomen-
clatorical status were preferentially selected. This preliminary Q-mode
treatment was repeated for the remaining OTU's in successive runs until
a single group of less than 156 OTU's could be clustered together, and
those independent at 0.90 or less were retained (Figure 1). During
this process, six characters were scored as 0 in all OTU's and were
deleted from the list of 150 (Table 4).

The group of OTU's independent at the 0.90 level of the simple
matching coefficient thus exhibits the total phenetic variability within
the 0TW, and was used in the R-mode analysis. Jaccard's coefficient
was used in the R-mode analysis; character correlations based on mutual
absence of structures or mutually negative character states, are not
genetically meaningful. Examination of the 150 X 150 matrix of coeffi-
cients based on 120 independent OTU's indicated that 15 characters were
scored as 0 in all 120 specimens; these characters were temporarily
deleted and only 135 characters were clustered using the average link-
age, unweighted pair-group method (Figure 2). The inclusion of corre-
1ated attributes would place undesirable emphasis on certain portions
of the organisms' morphology; such attributes are affected by single
causes and they are, therefore, of low taxonomic significance. An

abrupt change in the number of stems in the phenogram at the level of

27

Table 4. Characters eliminated from initial set of 150.

l) Redundant (all scored as 0) in all OTU's:
19 69 75 125 134
135

2) Correlated with other characters above the 0.40 level
of Jaccard's coefficient:

2 43 71 90 120
3 45 74 91 129
6 46 77 92 138
7 50 78 97 139
8 52 80 101 149
14 59 83 113

21 61 84 115

34 63 87 119

3) Highly subjective in coding:

12 16 17 27 51
55 99

4) High ecophenotypic variation:
15 104 106 132 150

28

Figure 1. Q-mode (Simple Matching coefficient) phenogram of 120 OTU's
using 150 characters, clustered by the average linkage un-

weighted pair-group method.

 

 

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30

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32

0.40 was noted and only one character was retained from each cluster
above this level; the character joining each cluster at the lowest
level was retained while the others were eliminated. Thirty-seven
characters above the 0.40 level were deleted (Table 4). The choice of
the 0.40 level assures elimination of correlated characters with mini-
mal loss of phenetic information. In addition, characters 15, l04,
l06, l32, 150 (also in Table 4) were excluded from the list of diag-
nostic characters because of the high ecophenotypic variation. These
are either characters whose development is known from a_p§jgrj evidence
to be highly ecophenotypic in nature, or which display high variability
within a thin section or between sections cut from the same zoarium.
Other characters which could also have been placed in this category have
been previously eliminated. Additionally, several characters were
observed to vary when coded by two or more different workers from the
same thin sections and, thus, are judged to be of little value because
of the subjectivity inherent in coding (Table 4).

This screening process resulted in a residual set of 95
skeletal characters that should be of high value in classification and
identification. The number of characters in this set is larger than
any previously used in the numerical taxonomy of bryozoans, and similar
in size to those suggested by numerical taxonomists. This set can be
further reduced by retaining one character from more inclusive clusters
of characters. It was previously indicated that morphology can be
attributed to few factors. As individual causes of morphology become
known (e.g., the effect of zooecial budding and packing on aspects of

morphology (Delmet and Anstey, in press)) the possibility of identifying

33

organisms by very few diagnostic independent characteristics, is

increasing.

Q-MODE ANALYSIS

The objectives of the Q-mode comparisons using 95 char-
acters are l) Q-mode comparison and clustering of exemplars of all
generic names present in the OTW by four different methods, 2) compari-
son of the above four phenograms with each other, and with conventional
classification, and 3) Q-mode analysis of the OTW and examination of

selected portions of it.

Generic Classification

A list of 123 genera was compiled; exemplars of generic
names among the OTU's were selected having the highest nomenclatorical
status (Appendix II). In order to determine the coefficient and
clustering method that closely approximate conventional classifications,
four Q-mode comparisons of the 124 exemplars were computed using both
the simple matching and Jaccard's coefficients of association, and
were clustered by both the weighted and unweighted pair-group methods
using linkage by arithmetic averages. The changes in the number of
clusters at each 0.10 association interval reveal the absence of
hierarchical levels in each classification (Figure 4), as each pheno-
gram shows only a unimodal level of clustering. The peaks of these
modes, at 0.93 for the simple matching coefficient, and 0.35 for
Jaccard's coefficient, are the levels at which classification would

be most effective. Inasmuch as the OTU's are genera, then the

34

35

Figure 3. Change in number of clusters versus association level in

phenograms of l23 clustered genera based on 95 characters.

Jacaa rd's coefficient

Association Level

Increase in

36

number of stems

between lev els
40 30 20 to o
l I I l 1.00

70 so so
Loo—J I l

coefficient

 

Simple Matching

 

 

 

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Ja caard S’—
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Simple Matching —
Weighted

Association Level

37

clusters obtained at these levels should correspond to families. Any
suprafamilial taxa within the 0TH would have to be established on a
purely arbitrary basis, and suggests the absence of clearly defined

superfamilies, orders, or subclasses within the 0TH.

Comparison of Classifications

 

The four phenograms were compared with conventional classifi-
cations and with each other. The classifications of 123 generic names
into families by Bassler (1953) and Astrova (1960) both contained 18
families each containing two or more genera. Accordingly, 18 groups
(phena) were established in each of the four Q-mode phenograms by
identifying the levels of association above which 18 phena containing
more than one genus occurred; these levels were 0.21 in Jaccard's
weighted, 0.24 in Jaccard's unweighted, 0.87 in simple matching
weighted, and 0.88 in simple matching unweighted phenograms. Conse-
quently, 21 genera occupying single-genus clusters in one or more of
the six classifications were excluded from the comparisons (Table 5).

The comparison of classifications was, thus, based on a
residuum of 102 generic names in 18 phenons (families). This was
accomplished by calculating coefficients of association between Q-mode
matrices generated by each classification. To illustrate this, assume
hypothetical genera A, B, C, D, E clustered in two modes as follows:

Classification X Classification Y

 

Clusters 1 2 Clusters l 2
Genera A_B C D E Genera A B C D g

38

x x mgoawcmpcow

 

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39

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m—pmazgposo:
ngpowupsm:
mxuuPnogamco

40

1.--Reduce each classification to a nominal level, so that each genera

scored as "l" for one cluster and "0" for all others:

 

 

 

 

Data Matrix X Data Matrix Y

Clusters Clusters

Genera l 2 Genera l 2
A l 0 A l 0

B l 0 B l 0

C 0 1 C l 0

D 0 l D l 0

E 0 l E 0 l

2.-—Calculate Q-mode association matrix for the genera using Jaccard's

 

 

coefficient:
Coefficient Matrix X Coefficient Matrix Y
A B C D A B C D
B l B l
C 0 0 C l l
D 0 0 l D l l l
E 0 0 1 l E 0 0 0 0

3.--Calcu1ate the number of matches and mismatches between cells of
coefficient matrices X and Y:
2 positive matches (

P.
2 negative matches (N.
6 mismatches (M.M.)

M.)
M.)

Similarity level (simple matching coeffi- = P°M' + N°M-

cient) between classification X and Y

 

P.M. + N.M. + M.M.

i
10

0.40
To compare the six classifications, coefficient matrices were calculated
by program CLUST3; simple matching coefficients between pairs of the
coefficient matrices were then calculated (Table 6).

First, the two conventional classifications of the sample of

102 genera are very highly correlated (0.97) with each other. Secondly,

all four of the numerical classifications are highly correlated with

41

Table 6. Simple matching coefficients of association among classi-
fications.

 

 

Astrova Bassler S.M.* S.M.* JaCCard's
(1960) (1953) Unweighted Weighted Unweighted

 

Bassler 5103/5253

(1953) 0.97

S.M. 4635/5253 4642/5253

Unweighted 0.88 0.88

S.M. 4641/5253 4648/5253 4998/5253

Weighted 0.88 0.88 0.95

Jaccard's 4719/5253 4705/5253 4882/5253 4818/5253

Unweighted 0.90 0.90 0.93 0.92

Jaccard's 4737/5253 4717/5253 4783/5253 4649/5253 4942/5253
Weighted 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.90 0.94

 

*S.M.--simple matching coefficient

42

the conventional ones, at the 0.90 and 0.88 levels of simple matching
coefficients. This suggests that numerical methods closely duplicate
conventional systematics. This is not unexpected because the characters
used are basically the same as those in the standard classifications.
The effect of numerical work is simply to refine a classification system
using objective, standardized, and reproducible procedures. No great
differences should be expected as long as the character base remains

the same. The two treatises are highly correlated, because the later
one (Astrova, 1960) developed historically from the earlier one (Bass-
ler, 1953). Thirdly, the comparisons among different numerical methods
(Table 6) show that the choice of coefficient has a greater effect than
the choice of clustering method. Comparisons using Jaccard's coeffi-
cient of association are more closely correlated to conventional systems
than those using the simple matching coefficient. In every comparison,
the weighted method gave results slightly closer to the conventional
than the unweighted method. The closest match between numerical and
traditional methods is between Astrova (1960) and the Jaccard-weighted

method.

Analysis of all OTU's

Due to computer limitations, the entire sample was subdivided
into homogeneous subsamples containing less than 156 OTU's each. Major
generic clusters of the Jaccard's weighted phenogram (Figure 4) were
divided into subsamples A, B. C, and D composed of 43, 24, 32, and 24
generic names, respectively. The remaining OTU's were clustered with

the exemplars of their respective generic names, thus forming subsamples

Figure 4.

43

Q-mode phenogram of 123 genera based on Jaccard's coeffi-
cient, clustered by the average linkage weighted pair-group
method. Eighteen phenons containing more than one genus
are identified. Sample is divided into subsamples A, B,

C, and D to be used in the final Q-mode analysis of the

OTW.

 

 

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45

of 111, 96, 146, and 45 OTU's, respectively, which were then clustered
using Jaccard's coefficient and the weighted pair-group method
(Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8).

Examination of phenograms in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 indicate
that 50 percent of 257 subgeneric taxa represented by type species in
the 0TW cluster together around the type species of their genus; the
remaining 50 percent were clustered independently of their type species
in clusters of one or more subgeneric taxa. 0f l4l subgeneric taxa,
not represented in the 0TW by the type species of their genera, 53

percent were clustered around their generic representatives.

46

Figure 5. Final Q-mode phenogram of subsample A of 0TW.

 

 

 

     
    
  
    
  
   
     
    
   
   
    

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Figure 6. Final Q-mode phenogram of subsample B of 0TW.

 

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53

SIMILARITY (EFFICIENT
01] OH) 03'] ow 01) 020 010 om

 

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PHYLOGENY

The phylogenetic relationships among any set of taxa in the
0TW can be established by utilizing their phenetic similarities and
their stratigraphic ranges. The phylogeny at the l8 phenon level
(Figure 9) was constructed in this study through the information con-
tained in the phenogram of clustered generic names by the Jaccard's-
Weighted method. Geological range data (first and last appearance) of
the genera were provided in the Fossil Record (Larwood, §t_al, in
Harland, l967), Bassler (T953), Astrova (l960), as well as several
other publications. The mode of joining main lineages by shorter-
living and/or later-appearing groups, was determined by their phenetic
difference from their surrounding main lineages. Appendix IV lists
genera belonging to each phenon and their stratigraphic ranges.

The lineages thus established show that all l8 phena except
one appeared in the Areginian Epoch. The appearance and immediate
diversification of these bryozoan groups, as in many other organic
groups, conforms to the evolutionary pattern of early experimentation
in mechanical design, and later standardization (Carboniferous) of the
most successful designs discussed by Gould (l970, p. 111). Thirteen
of the 18 phena were present in the Carboniferous, while 8 persisted
through the Permian.

The phylogeny shown in Figure 9 resembles the phylogenetic
relationships of ll families proposed by Ross (l964, p. 928). In

54

55

Figure 9. ‘Phylogeny of l8 family-level phena.

CARBON PERMIAN

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57

addition, it is similar to the general distribution of lineages shown
in Astrova (l960, p. 30), and Ryland (1970, p. l33).

Examination of this group of bryozoans at the generic level.
to the full potential of the available data, will be undertaken in the

near future.

CONCLUSIONS

The numerical study of 398 members of Paleozoic stenolae-
mate bryozoans (excluding certain families) indicates that:

By R-mode analysis of 150 skeletal characters originally
selected to describe the members of the 0TW, a set of 95 determinate,
independent and diagnostic morphological characters was obtained.

Classifications by numerical procedures obtained by utiliz-
ing the above 95 characters are highly correlated with classifications
obtained by conventional methods.

Of all combinations of computing and clustering methods used,
classifications derived by Jaccard's coefficient of association and
clustered by the weighted pair-group method proved to be closest to the
conventional.

In the Q-mode analysis of all OTU's, most of the type species
of genera clustered independently of each other. Approximately half
of the OTU's were clustered around the type species of their genus.

Construction of the phylogeny indicated the presence of T7
lineages all originating at the beginning of the Arenigian Epoch, a
pattern best explained by the theory of early diversification and
later standardization, conforming to the phylogenetic model of Ross

(1964).

58

LIST OF REFERENCES

LIST OF REFERENCES

Anstey, R. L. & Delmet, D. A. 1973. Fourier Analysis of Zooecial
Shapes in Fossil Tubular Bryozoans. Geol. Soc. of America
Bulletin, v. 84, p. 1753-1764, 11 figs.

, and Perry, T. G. 1970. Biometric Procedures in Taxonomic
Studies of Paleozoic Bryozoans. J. Paleontol., 44(2):383-
398, 3 figs.

, and Perry, T. G. 1973. Eden Shale Bryozoans: A Numerical
Study (Ordovician, Ohio Valley). Michigan State Univ.,
Publications of the Museum, Paleontological Series, v. 1,
no. 1, pp. 1-80, 15 figs., ll tables, 22 pls.

Astrova, G. G. et al. 1960. Tip Bryozoa, in Sarycheva, T. G., ed.
Osnovy paieontologii mshanke, brakhiopody: Acad. Nauk SSSR,
p. 15-111, 7 pls.

Bassler, R. S. 1953. Systematic Descriptions. Treatice on Inverte-
brate Paleontology, G. Bryozoa, p. 30-234. Lawrence, Kansas.

Boardman, R. S. and Cheetham, A. H. 1969. Skeletal Growth, Intra-
colony Variation, and Evolution in Bryozoa: A Review. J.
Paleontol., 43(2):205-233, 8 figs., 1 table, 30 pls.

, Cheetham, A. H. and Cook, P. L. 1969. Intracolony Variation
and the Genus Concept in Bryozoa. Proc. N. Am. Paleontol.
Conv.. PP. 294-320, 12 figs., 7 tables.

Bonham-Carter, G. F. 1967. FORTRAN IV Program for Q-mode Cluster
Analysis of Nonquantitative Data Using IBM 7090/7094 Com-
puters. Computer Contribution 17, State Geological Survey,
The Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence.

Borg, F. 1926. On the Body-Hall in Bryozoa. Microsc. Sci. Quart.
Jour., v. 70, pp. 583-598, 6 figs.

Bretsky, S. S. 1971. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Numerical Taxono-
mic Methods: An Example from the Bivalve Molluscs. Syst.
Zoology, 20(2):204-222, 5 tables, 4 figs.

Brood, K. 1972. Cyclostomatons Bryozoa from the Upper Cretaceous and

Danian in Scandinavia. Stockholm Contributions in Geology,
v. 26, p. 464, 78 pls., 148 figs.

59

60

Brown, G. 0., Jr. 1965. Trepostomatous Bryozoa from the Logana and
Jessamine Limestones (middle Ordovician) of the Kentucky
Bluegrass region. J. Paleontol. 39(5):974-1006, 2 figs.

Cameron, 0. K., Jr. 1954. Bryozoan Fauna of the Jefferson Lake
Section, (unpublished A. M. thesis): Bloomington, Indiana
Univ., p. 35, 10 pls.

Cheetham, A. H. 1968. Morphology and Systematics of the Bryozoan
genus Metrarabdbtos. Smithsonian Misc. Collection, 153(1),
publication 4733, p. 121, 16 tables, 18 pls., 24 figs.

, and Hazel, J. E. 1969. Bimary (Presence-Absence) Similarity
Coefficients. J. Paleontol., v. 43, no. 5, pp. 1130-1136.

Corneliussen, E. F. and Perry, T. G. 1973. Mbnotrypa, Hallopora,
Amplexopora, and Hennigo ora (Ectoprocta) from the Browns-
port Formation (Niagaran , Western Tennessee, J. Paleontol.,
47(2):151—220, 34 figs., 21 tables, 10 pls.

Coryell, H. N. 1921. Bryozoan Faunas of the Stones River group of
Central Tennessee. Indiana Acad. Sci., Proc. 1919, pp. 261-
340, 3 figs., 14 pls.

Cumings, E. R. 1901. A Section of the Upper Ordovician at Vevay,
Indiana. Am. Geologist, 28:361-381, 2 pls.

1902. A revision of the Bryozoan Genera Dekayia, DekayeZZa,
and Heterotrypa of the Cincinnati Group. Am. Geologist, 29:
197-217, 12 pls.

. 1908. The Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Ordovician
Rocks of Indiana. 32nd Annual Report of the Dept. of Geol-
ogy and Natural Resources of Indiana, pp. 608-1188, pls. l-
50.

, and Galloway, J. J. 1912. A note on the Batostomas of the
Richmond Series. Indiana Acad. Sci. Proc., 1911, pp. 147-167.

, and Galloway, J. J. 1913. The Stratigraphy and Paleotology
of the Tanners Creek Section of the Cincinnati Series of
Indiana. Indiana Dept. Geol. and Nat. Resources 37th Ann.
Rept., pp. 353-478, 20 pls.

, and Galloway, J. J. 1915. Studies of the morphology and
histology of the Trepostomata or Monticuliporoids. Bull.
Geol. Soc. Am. 26:349-374, pls. 10-15.

Deiss, C. F. 1927. Anisotrypa waynensis, a new bryozoan from the
Warsaw Formation of Kentucky. Contributions from the Museum
of Geology, Univ. of Michigan, 2(14):237-239, 2 pls.

52

Figure 8. Final Q-mode phenogram of subsample D of OTN.

53

SIMILARITY (EFFICIENT
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PHYLOGENY

The phylogenetic relationships among any set of taxa in the
0TH can be established by utilizing their phenetic similarities and
their stratigraphic ranges. The phylogeny at the 18 phenon level
(Figure 9) was constructed in this study through the information con-
tained in the phenogram of clustered generic names by the Jaccard's-
Heighted method. Geological range data (first and last appearance) of
the genera were provided in the Fossil Record (Larwood, gt_al, in
Harland, 1967), Bassler (1953), Astrova (1960), as well as several
other publications. The mode of joining main lineages by shorter-
1iving and/or later-appearing groups, was determined by their phenetic
difference from their surrounding main lineages. Appendix IV lists
genera belonging to each phenon and their stratigraphic ranges.

The lineages thus established show that all 18 phena except
one appeared in the Areginian Epoch. The appearance and immediate
diversification of these bryozoan groups, as in many other organic
groups, conforms to the evolutionary pattern of early experimentation
in mechanical design, and later standardization (Carboniferous) of the
most successful designs discussed by Gould (1970, p. 111). Thirteen
of the 18 phena were present in the Carboniferous, while 8 persisted
through the Penmian.

The phylogeny shown in Figure 9 resembles the phylogenetic
relationships of 11 families proposed by Ross (1964, p. 928). In

54

55

Figure 9. 'Phylogeny of 18 family-level phena.

CARBON PERMIAN

DEVONLAN

C)RIDC)V SIL

DzhuH
Guad
Leonard
Sakm
Assel
U.Carb
Moscov
Bashk
Namur
Viséan
Tourn
Fam enn
Frasn
(fivet
EHI
Enm
Siegen
Gemnn
Ludl
\Nenl
Udov
AShg
Carad
UdeH
lehn
Arenig
Tremad

 

 

 

 

 

 

56

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

7 I

PiiEPJA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9 10 II 12 13 I4 I! 16 I7 I.

57

addition, it is similar to the general distribution of lineages shown
in Astrova (1960, p. 30), and Ryland (1970, p. 133).

Examination of this group of bryozoans at the generic level.
to the full potential of the available data, will be undertaken in the

near future.

CONCLUSIONS

The numerical study of 398 members of Paleozoic stenolae-
mate bryozoans (excluding certain families) indicates that:

By R-mode analysis of 150 skeletal characters originally
selected to describe the members of the 0TW, a set of 95 determinate,
independent and diagnostic morphological characters was obtained.

Classifications by numerical procedures obtained by utiliz-
ing the above 95 characters are highly correlated with classifications
obtained by conventional methods.

Of all combinations of computing and clustering methods used,
classifications derived by Jaccard's coefficient of association and
clustered by the weighted pair-group method proved to be closest to the
conventional.

In the Q-mode analysis of all OTU's, most of the type species
of genera clustered independently of each other. Approximately half
of the OTU's were clustered around the type species of their genus.

Construction of the phylogeny indicated the presence of 17
lineages all originating at the beginning of the Arenigian Epoch, a
pattern best explained by the theory of early diversification and
later standardization, conforming to the phylogenetic model of Ross

(1964).

58

LIST OF REFERENCES

LIST OF REFERENCES

Anstey, R. L. & Delmet, D. A. 1973. Fourier Analysis of Zooecial
Shapes in Fossil Tubular Bryozoans. Geol. Soc. of America
Bulletin, v. 84, p. 1753-1764, 11 figs.

, and Perry, T. G. 1970. Biometric Procedures in Taxonomic
Studies of Paleozoic Bryozoans. J. Paleontol., 44(2):383-
398, 3 figs. ‘

, and Perry, T. G. 1973. Eden Shale Bryozoans: A Numerical
Study (Ordovician, Ohio Valley). Michigan State Univ.,
Publications of the Museum, Paleontological Series, v. 1,
no. 1, pp. 1—80, 15 figs., 11 tables, 22 pls.

Astrova, G. G. et a1. 1960. Tip Bryozoa, in Sarycheva, T. G., ed.
Osnovy paleontologii mshanke, brakhiopody: Acad. Nauk SSSR,
p. 15-111, 7 pls.

Bassler, R. S. 1953. Systematic Descriptions. Treatice on Inverte-
brate Paleontology, G. Bryozoa, p. 30-234. Lawrence, Kansas.

Boardman, R. S. and Cheetham, A. H. 1969. Skeletal Growth, Intra-
colony Variation, and Evolution in Bryozoa: A Review. J.
Paleontol., 43(2):205-233, 8 figs., 1 table, 30 pls.

, Cheetham, A. H. and Cook, P. L. 1969. Intracolony Variation
and the Genus Concept in Bryozoa. Proc. N. Am. Paleontol.
Conv., pp. 294-320, 12 figs., 7 tables.

Bonham-Carter, G. F. 1967. FORTRAN IV Program for Q-mode Cluster
Analysis of Nonquantitative Data Using IBM 7090/7094 Com-
puters. Computer Contribution 17, State Geological Survey,
The Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence.

Borg, F. 1926. On the Body-Wall in Bryozoa. Microsc. Sci. Quart.
Jour., v. 70, pp. 583-598, 6 figs.

Bretsky, S. S. 1971. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Numerical Taxono-
mic Methods: An Example from the Bivalve Molluscs. Syst.
Zoology, 20(2):204-222, 5 tables, 4 figs.

Brood, K. 1972. Cyclostomatons Bryozoa from the Upper Cretaceous and

Danian in Scandinavia. Stockholm Contributions in Geology,
v. 26, p. 464, 78 pls., 148 figs.

59

60

Brown, G. 0., Jr. 1965. Trepostomatous Bryozoa from the Logana and
Jessamine Limestones (middle Ordovician) of the Kentucky
Bluegrass region. J. Paleontol. 39(5):974-1006, 2 figs.

Cameron, 0. K., Jr. 1954. Bryozoan Fauna of the Jefferson Lake
Section, (unpublished A. M. thesis): Bloomington, Indiana
Univ., p. 35, 10 pls.

Cheetham, A. H. 1968. Morphology and Systematics of the Bryozoan
genus Metrarabdbtos. Smithsonian Misc. Collection, 153(1),
publication 4733, p. 121, 16 tables, 18 pls., 24 figs.

, and Hazel, J. E. 1969. Bimary (Presence-Absence) Similarity
Coefficients. J. Paleontol., v. 43, no. 5, pp. 1130-1136.

Corneliussen, E. F. and Perry, T. G. 1973. Mbnotrypa, Hallopora,
Amplexopora, and Hennigo ora (Ectoprocta) from the Browns-
port Formatfion (Niagaran , Western Tennessee, J. Paleontol.,
47(2):151-220, 34 figs., 21 tables, 10 pls.

Coryell, H. N. 1921. Bryozoan Faunas of the Stones River group of
Central Tennessee. Indiana Acad. Sci., Proc. 1919, pp. 261-
340, 3 figs., 14 pls.

Cumings, E. R. 1901. A Section of the Upper Ordovician at Vevay,
Indiana. Am. Geologist, 28:361-381, 2 pls.

1902. A revision of the Bryozoan Genera Dekayia, DekayeZZa,

and Heterotrypa of the Cincinnati Group. Am. Geologist, 29:
197-217, 12 pls.

. 1908. The Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Ordovician
Rocks of Indiana. 32nd Annual Report of the Dept. of Geol-
ogy and Natural Resources of Indiana, pp. 608-1188, pls. 1-
50.

, and Galloway, J. J. 1912. A note on the Batostomas of the
Richmond Series. Indiana Acad. Sci. Proc., 1911, pp. 147-167.

, and Galloway, J. J. 1913. The Stratigraphy and Paleotology
of the Tanners Creek Section of the Cincinnati Series of
Indiana. Indiana Dept. Geol. and Nat. Resources 37th Ann.
Rept., pp. 353-478, 20 pls.

, and Galloway, J. J. 1915. Studies of the morphology and
histology of the Trepostomata or Monticuliporoids. Bull.
Geol. Soc. Am. 26:349-374, pls. 10-15.

Deiss, C. F. 1927. Anisotrypa waynensis, a new bryozoan from the
Warsaw Formation of Kentucky. Contributions from the Museum
of Geology. Univ. of Michigan, 2(14):237-239, 2 pls.

61

Delmet, D. A. and Anstey, R. L. 1974. Fourier Analysis of Morpho-
logical Plasticity Within an Ordovician Bryozoan Colony.
J. Paleontol., v. 48, in press.

Duncan, H. 1939. Trepostomatous Bryozoa from the Traverse group of
Michigan. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology,
Univ. of Michigan, 5(10):17l-270, l6 pls. 1 map.

Fenton, C. L. and Fenton, M. A. 1924. The stratigraphy and fauna of
the Hackberry Stage of the Upper Devonian. Contributions
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5 figs., 45 pls.

Gould, S. J. 1970. Evolutionary Paleontology and the Science of
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Huffman, S. F. 1970. Rhabdomesid Ectoprocts (Bryozoa) from the
Edwardsville Member, Muldraugh Formation (Mississippian) at
Crawfordsville, Indiana. PhD thesis, Indiana Univ. p. 172,
11 pls., 3 figs., 44 tables.

International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature. 1964. Inter-
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Kaesler, R. L. 1969a. Numerical taxonomy of selected Recent British
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1969b. Numerical taxonomy in paleontology: classification,
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Karklins, 0. L. 1969. The Cryptostome Bryozoa from the Middle Ordo-
‘ vician Decorah Shale, Minnesota. Minnesota Geol. Sur.,
Spec. Publ. Ser. SP-6, 121 pp., 11 figs., 18 pls., 17 tables.

Kopaevitch, G. V. 1968. On bryozoan New Genus Family Rhin [id]
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Prir. (Geol.) 43(3):127-129, 1 fig., 1 table (in Russian).

Larwood, G. P. et al. 1967. Bryozoa. Zn Harland, W. B. et al. (Eds.)
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395.

Lonsdale, W. 1844. Description of six new species of corals from the
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gical Observations of the Volcanic Islands, First Edition,
Appendix. pp. 161-169.

McNair, A.

62

1845. Fossil Corals, in P. E. de Strzelecki, Physical Des-
cription of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land. pp. 262-
264, London.

H. 1937. Cryptostomatous Bryozoa from the Middle Devonian
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of Paleontology, Univ. of Michigan, 5(9):103-170, l4 pls.,

1 fig.

Michener, C. D. and Sokal, R. R. 1957. A quantitative approach to

problem in classification. Evolution 11:130-162.

Nicholson, H. A. 1879. On the structure and affinities of the "Tabu-

late Corals" of the Paleozoic period, with critical descrip-
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1881b. On the structure and affinities of the genus Mbnti-
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1883. Contributions to micro-paleontology. On Stenopora
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Phillips, and remarks on Tabulipora urii, Young. Annals and
Magazine of Natural History, 12(5):285-297, pls. 10

1884. Contributions to micro-paleontology. Notes on some
species of monticuliporoid corals from the Upper Silurian
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63

Perry, T. G. and Gutschick, R. C. 1959. Bryozoans from the Amsden
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Utgaard, J.

64

1968. A Revision of North American genera of ceramoporoid
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(6):]444-1455, pls. 181-184.

1969. A Revision of North American genera of ceramoporoid
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, and Perry, T. G. 1964. Trepostomatous bryozoan fauna of the

upper part of the Whitewater Formation (Cincinnatian) of
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Geol. Survey Bull. 33, 111 pp., 23 pls., 1 fig.

APPENDIX I

List of OTU's arranged by publication where described.

65

SPECIMENS IN 0TH ARRANGED BY PUSLICATION HHERE DESCRIBED.

CODE GENUS AND SPECIES AUTHOR YEAR HUSEUH,OR ORIGINAL NUH

PUBLICATION NO. STAT.

ANSTEYgR.L., AND PERRY,T.G.. 1973
EDEN SHALE 8RYOZOANS.A NUMERICAL STUDY (0RDOVICIAN,OHIO VALLEY)
HICH.STATE UNIV.,PU8L.OF THE HUSEUH,PALEONTOLOGICAL SER., V.1,N0.1,PP.77-78

A1 AHPLEXOPORA SEPTOSA (ULRICH 1879) 8973-11001 6
A2 ATACTOPORELLA TYPICALIS ULRICH 1883 8977-16009 2
A3 ATACTOPORELLA, VARIANT ANST+PERRY 1973 8978-2000 9
AA BALTICOPORELLA HHITFIELDI (JAMES 18811 8976-30010 6
A5 BATOSTOHA JAHESI NICHOLSON 1878 8976-5008 7
A6 CONSTELLARIA SP. ANST+PERRY 1973 897h-1002 9
A7 DEKAYIA ASPERA H-E+H. 1851 8971-3005 3
A8 ERIDOTRYPA HUTABILIS ULRICH 1895 8974-100“ 3
A9 HALLOPORA, VARIANT ANST+PERRY 1973 8975-“8004 9
A10 HALLOPORA NODULOSA (NICHOLSON 187%) 8975-A102h 7
A11 HETEROTRYPA ULRICHI NICHOLSON 1881 8975-28005 3
A12 HETEROTRYPA, VARIANT A ANST+PERRY 1973 8976-700“ 9
A13 HETEROTRYPA ( ), VARIANT 9 ANSTOPERRY 1973 8972-3006 9
A1“ PERONOPORA VERA ULRICH 1888 8971-3003 6
A15 PRASOPORA SIMULATRIX ULRICH 1886 ~ 8978-1007 7
A16 STIGHATELLA CLAVIS (ULRICH 18831 8974-1012 6
A17 CREPIPORA VENUSTA (ULRICH 1878) 8975-17037 A
A18 CERAHOPHYLLA VAUPELI (ULRICH 18901 8975-17016 8
BROHNgG.D.,JR.. 1965

TREPOSTOHATOUS BRYOZOA FROM THE LOGANA AND JESSAHINE LIHESTONES (MIDDLE

ORDOVICIAN) OF THE KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS REGION.

J.PALEONTOLOGY, 39(51974-1006, PLI.111-198, 2 3IG].
81 DECAYELLA ANOHALA BROHN 1962 8232-3 5
82 CYPHOTRYPA PACHYHURALIS BROHN 1965 8238-1 5
83 CYPHOTRYPA ACERVULOSA (ULRICH 18951 82h3-1 3
8A PRASOPORA FALESI (JAMES 188“) 8233-1 7
85 PRASOPORA SIHULATRIX ULRICH 1886 8232-2 6
86 HESOTRYPA SPINOSA ULRICH 1895 8235-1 7
87 HOHOTRYPELLA HUNDULA ULRICH 1895 8242-2 7
89 DEKAYELLA CLAVATA FRITZ 1957 8236-8 7
810 DEKAYIA APPRESSA ULRICH 1883 823H-1 7
811 DEKAYIA HACULATA JAMES 1881 8232-10 7
812 STIGHATELLA CONICA BROHN 1965 8235-3 5
813 STIGHATELLA HULTISPINOSA BROHN 1965 82A1-2 5
81h ERIDOTRYPA AEDILIS (EICHHALD 1855) 8233-5 7
815 ERIDOTRYFA AEDILIS MINOR (ULRICH 1895) 8238-2 7
816 LAHOTTOPORA PAUCA BROHN 1965 8233-7 5
817 AHPLEXOPORA HINOR BROHN 1965 8291-3 5
818 AHPLEXOPORA HINCHELLI ULRICH 1886 8237-1 7
819 HALLOPORA HULTITABULATA (ULRICH 1886) 8233-9 7
820 BALTICOPORA TENUIHURALIS (ULRICH 1893) 8232-12 7

CAHERON,D.K.,JR.. 195k

BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE JEFFERSON LAKE SECTION
\(UNPUBLISHED A.H.THESIS).BLOOHINGTONleDIANA UNIVERSITYg35P.,10PLS.

CA1 AHPLEXOPORA ROBUSTA ULRICH 1883 6-1.2
CA2 BATOSTOHELLA GRACILIS (NICHOLSON 1874) 6-3
CA3 CERAHOPORELLA OHIOENSIS (NICHOLSON 1875) 7-3
CA4 CHEILOPORELLA FLABELLATA (ULRICH 1879) 7-4
CA5 HALLOPORA ANDEHSI (NICHOLSON 1874) 8-1
CA6 HALLOPORA RAHOSA (DIORBIGNY 1850) 8-4
CA7 HETEROTRYPA FRONOOSA (010RBIGNY 1850) 9-1
CA8 HOHOTRYPA CINCINNATIENSIS BASSLER 1903 10'192
CA9 HONTICULIPORA HAHHULATA DiORBIGNY 1850 10-4
CA10 PERONOPORA VERA ULRICH 1888 10-5
CA11 HETEROTRYPA ULRICHI LOBATA (CUHINGS 1902) 9-394

CORNELIUSSEN,E.F.,AND PERRY,T.G..1973
HONOTRYPA,HALLOPORA,AHPLEXOPORA AND HENNIGOPORA (ECTOPROCTA) FROM THE
8ROHNSPORT FORMATION (NIAGARAN), WESTERN TENNESSEE.
J.PALEONTOLOGY,47(2)151-220934 FIGS.,21 TABLES,10 FLS.

01 HALLOPORA ELEGANTULA (HALL 1852) 13110-495
02 HENNIGOPORA FLORIDA - (HALL 1852) 13101-107
C4 HONOTRYFA BENJAMINI BASSLER 1906 131061520
C5 HDNDTRYPA OSGOODENSIS BASSLER 1906 13127-204
00RYELL,H.N..1921

BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF THE STONES RIVER GROUP OF CENTRAL TENNESSEE
INDIANA ACAD.SCI.PROC.,1919, PP.261-340.3 FIGS..14 PLS.

CO1 ANOLOTICHIA EXPLANATA CORYELL 1921 9240-23
002 BATOSTOHA INUTILIS CORYELL 1921 9246-3

003 AHPLEXOPORA CONFERTA (CCRYELL 1921) 9249-9

004 BATOSTOMA DENDROIOEA CORYELL 1921 9246-1

CO6 BATOSTOHA SUBERASSUH CORYELL 1921 9242-7

C07 COELOCLEMA CONSIHILE CORYELL 1921 9241-17
008 COELOCLEHA INFLATUH CORYELL 1921 9240-20
009 COELOCLEMA PIERCEANUH CORYELL 1921 9238-14
0010 COELOCLEHA LAHELLOSA ‘ CORYELL 1921 9241-10
0011 HETEROTRYPA RIOLEYANA (CCRYELL 1921) 9245-6
0012 DIPLOTRYPA CATENULATA CORYELL 1921 UNNUHBERED HOLOTYPE
0013 GRAPTODICTYA DENDROIDEA CORYELL 1921 9237'13A98
0015 GRAPTODICTYA FRUITICOSA CORYELL 1921 9237‘12A’8
CO16 HALLOPORA SPISSATA CORYELL 1921 9244-18
0017 HALLOPORA FLORENCIA CORYELL 1921 9240-13
0018 HEHIDICTYA LEBANONENSIS CORYELL 1921 9248-25A,8
0019 HETEROTRYPA PATERA CORYELL 1921 9242-4
C020 HETEROTRYPA STONENSIS CORYELL 1921 9242-5
0021 HESDTRYPA CRUSTULATA CORYELL 1921 9236-24
0022 NICHOLSONELLA FRONDIFERA CORYELL 1921 9244-3
0023 ORBIGNYELLA NODOSA CORYELL 1921 9248-16
0024 ORBIGNYELLA HULTITABULATA CORYELL 1921 9244-17
0025 RHINIDICTYA LEBANONENSIS CORYELL 1921 9247-9
0026 RHINIOICTYA SALEHENSIS CORYELL 1921 9245-7
0027 STICTIPORELLA CRIBILINA CORYELL 1921 9242-13
0028 STROHATOTRYPA REGULARIS CORYELL 1921 9245-16
0029 STROHATOTRYPA INCRUSTANS CORYELL 1921 9245-14
0030 TRIGONODICTYA IRREGULARIS CDRYELL 1921 9245-11Ag8

CUHINGS.E.R..1901
~A SECTION OF THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN AT VEAVYglNDIANA
AHOGEOLOGIST’VQZB,PP0361‘5192 PLSO

CCD$WDJ‘O<’¥WDS‘O

O‘O‘NN

‘msnu1mxnu1m\nu1m(nu1»\nu1m\nu1w\n01m\nu1m\nunm

CU1 BATOSTOHA VEVAYENSE (CUHINGS 1901) 9014-14 5
CUZ AHPLEXOPORA HULTISPINOSA CUHINGS 1901 9006-23 5
0U3 HETEROTRYPA CYSTATA (CUHINGS 1901) 9012-17 5

CUHINGS.E.R..1902
A REVISION OF THE BRYOZOAN GENERA DEKAYIA,DEKAYELLA AND HETEROTRYPA OF THE
CINCINNATI GROUP.
AH.6EOLOGIST,V.29,PP.197-217,12 PLS.

CU6 HOHOTRYPA FLABELLARIS FROADOSA CUHINGS 1902 9027-17920 6
CU8 HETEROTRYPA SUBFRONOOSA (CUHINGS 1902) 9028-8g9024-6 5
0U10 HETEROTRYPA ULRICHI EXPANSA (CURINGS 1902) 9027-1299028-11 5
0U11 HETEROTRYPA ULRICHI LOBATA (CUHINGS 1902) 9026-19920 5

0UHINGS,E.R..1908
THE STRATIGRAPHY AND FALEONTOLOGY OF THE ORDOVICIAN ROCKS OF INDIANA.
32ND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DEPT.OF GEOLOGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES OF INDIANA
PP.605-1188.PLS.1-50

064 HALLOPORA RUGOSA (H-E.§H. 1851) 1.33A3-1 7
065 HALLOPORA RUGOSA (H-E.+H. 1851) 1.41E7, 85-15 9
066 CHEILOPORELLA FLABELLATA (ULRICH 1879) 27-14 3
067 CERAHOPORELLA OHIOENSIS (NICHOLSON 1875) 10-3 7
068 HETEROTRYPA PROLIFICA ULRICH 1890 93-24 7
069 GORTANIPORA COHHUNIS (BASSLER 1903) 32-7 7
0610 HOHOTRYFA CURVATA ULRICH 1882 8-15 3
0611 HDHOTRYPA FLABELLARIS ULRICH 1890 65-14 7
0612 GORTANIPORA CYLINDRICA (BASSLER 1903) 84-11 7
0613 GORTANIPORA OBLIQUA (ULRICH 1882) 1-18 7
0614 HOHOTRYPA HORTHENI (JAHES 1882) 86-3 7
0615 HOHOTRYPELLA RUSTICA ULRICH 1893 50-11 8
0616 HONTICULIFORA ERIDERHATA ULR+8ASSL. 1904 85-11 7
0617 RHOHBOTRYPA QUADRATA (ROHINGER 1866) 65-4 7
0618 ACANTHOTRYPELLA VARIABILE (ULRICH 1890) 81-14 7
0619 PTILODICTYA PLUHARIA JAHES 1878 50-20 7
0620 HOHOTRYPELLA HOSPITALIS (NICHOLSON 1881) 32-16 7
0621 HONTICULIPORA PARASITICA ULRICH 1882 65-18.19 7
0623 8YTHOPORA HEEKI“ (JAMES 1878) 32-5 7
0624 AHPLEXOPORA FILIASA (DiORBIGNY 1850) 87-25 7
0625 HETEROTRYPA PROLIFICA ULRICH 1890 32-18 7
0626 HOHOTRYPA CONSTELLARIFORHIS CUNINGS 1908 81-16 5
0627 HETEROTRYPA AFFINIS (ULRICH 1879) 03‘790 7
0629 HETEROTRYPA FRONDOSA (0¢ORBIGNY 1850) 8-4 7
0630 DEKAYIA PELLICULATA ULRICH 1883 12-4 7
0631 HALLOPORA SU9NODOSA (ULRICH 1890) 79-18 7
0632 HALLOPORA FRONDOSA (CUHINGS 1908) 85-17 5
0634 HALLOPORA SUBPLANA (ULRICH 1882) 23-15 7
0635 NICHOLSONELLA VAUPELI (ULRICH 1883) 8-9 7
0637 PERONOPORA VERA ULRICH 1888 13-6 7
0638 PERONOPORA DECIPIENS (ROHINGER 1866) 2-14 7
0639 BATOSTOHA VARIANS (JAMES 1878) 67-2 7
0640 BATOSTOHA JAHESI NICHOLSON 1874 21-5 7
0641 STIGHATELLA PERSONATA ULR+8ASSL 1904 86-1 7
0642 STIGHATELLA CLAVIS (ULRICH 1883) 6-4 7
0643 STIGHATELLA CRENULATA ULROBASSL 1904 89-14 3
0644 ATACTOPORELLA HUNOULA (ULRICH 1879) 5-21 7
0645 CONSTELLARIA POLYSTOHELLA NICHOLSON 1875 65-6 7
0646 CONSTELLARIA CONSTELLATA (DANA 1846) 10-20 3

CUHINGS.E.R.AND GALLOHAY,J.J..1912
A NOTE ON THE BATOSTOHAS OF THE RICHHOND SERIES
INDIANA A0AD.SCI.PROC.91911,FF.147-167

06A1 BATOSTOHA PROSSERI 0.06. 1912 9116-17
06A2 8ATOSTOHA VARIANS (JAHES 1878) 9112-22
06A3 ACANTHOTRYPELLA VARIABILE (ULRICH 1890) 9117-23

0UHINGS,E.R.AND GALLOHAY,J.J..1913

THE STRATIFRAPHY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE TANNERS CREEK SECTION OF THE
CINCINNATI SERIES OF INDIANA.
INDIANA DEPT.GEOL.AND NAT.RESOURCES. 37TH ANNUAL REPORT, PP.353-478

N‘VUT

0636 AHPLEXOPORA PUHILA 0.9 G. 1913 79-6
0647 AHPLEXOPORA GRANULOSA 0.0 G. 1913 9109-14
0648 AHPLEXOPORA SEPTOSA HACULOSA 0.§ G. 1913 9149-1
0649 AHPLEXOPORA SEPTOSA HINIHA C.+ 6. 1913 9162-2
0650 AHPLEXOPORA PUHILA 0.0 6. 1913 9107-23
0651 ATACTOPORA INTERMEDIA 0.+ G. 1913 9157-22
0653 ACANTHOCERAHOPORELLA TRILOBA ( 0.+ 6. 1913) 9167-18
0655 CERAHOPORELLA TUBULOSA 0.+6. 1913 9158-2
0659 HETEROTRYPA HICROSTIGHA C. + 6. 1913 9122-23
0660 HOHOTRYPA GLABRA 0.+6. 1913 9165-6
0661 HOHOTRYPA SPINEA 0.96. 1913 9165-1
0662 HESOTRYPA ORBICULATA C.+ G. 1913 9134-9
0663 STIGHATELLA ALCICORNIS 0.+ G. 1913 9155-18
0664 DEKAYIA CATENULATA ( C.+ G. 1913) 9131-15
0665 NICHOLSONELLA PECULIARIS 0.+ 6. 1913 9133-4
0666 PERONOPDRELLA DUBIA 0.+ 6. 1913 9133-24
0667 HOHOTRYPA ALTA C.+6. 1913 9163-23
0668 PERONOPORA VERA ULRICH 1888 9147-16
0669 STIGHATELLA INCRUSTANS C.+ 6. 1913 9107-17
0670 STIGHATELLA SESSILIS 0.+ 6. 1913 9146-8
0680 PERONOPORA VERA ULRICH 1888 9147-14

CUHINGS.E.R.AND 6ALLOHAY,J.J..1915

0671
0672
0673
0674
0675
0676
0677
0678
0679
0681
0682
0684
0685
0686
0687
0688
0689
0690
0691

AHPLEXOPORA HULTISPINOSA
HALLOPORA SPLENDENS
8ATOSTOHELLA GRACILIS
DEKAYIA HACULATA

ERIOOTRYPA SIMULATRIX
HALLOPORA SUBNODOSA
DEKAYELLA PRAENUNTIA SIMPLEX
DEKAYELLA PRAENUNTIA SIHPLEX
HETEROTRYPA PROLIFICA
HETEROTRYPA PROLIFICA
AHPLEXOPDRA HINCHELLI
HETEROTRYPA PROLIFICA
GORTANIPORA SUORAHOSA
HONTICULIPORA ERIDERHATA
PRASOPORA SIHULATRIX
ORBIPORA SPINOSA

HOHOTRYPA SPISSA
HOHOTRYPELLA ROTUNDIPORA
NICHOLSONELLA CORNULA

CUHINGS
(ULRICH

(NICHOLSON

JAHES
(ULRICH
(ULRICH
ULRICH
ULRICH
ULRICH
ULRICH
ULRICH
ULRICH
(ULRICH

ULR+BASSL.

ULRICH

(ULR+BASSL

00.68
CO. 50
0.+ 6.

1901

- )
1874)
1881
1890)
1890)
1893
1893
1890
1890
1886
1890
1886)
1904
1886
1904)
1915
1915
1915

STUDIES OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE TREPOSTONATA OR HONTICULIPOROIDS
BULLOGEOLOSOCOAHQ,VoZC,PPoJ“9’37“9PLSo10-15

9126-21
9230-8
9139-7
9145-9
9129-12
9128-16
9198-16
9188-21
9168-21
9101-20
9188-20
9102-13
9186-9
50-23
9114-16
9177-18
9210-16
9210-1

9150-5A98

‘HUHM‘QWF-UHMUTW\NUHMUAW\RUTW\BUTW

“\BVPV‘VNIN\H‘JW‘H~)V'Q‘8N¢N‘IN

DEISS,0.F..1927
ANISOTRYPA HAYNENSIS,A NEH BRYOZOAN FRDH THE HARSAH FORMATION OF KENTUCKY
CONTR.FROM THE MUSEUM OF GEOLOGY,UNIV.DF MICHIGAN,V.2,NO.14.PP.237-239,2 PL

UM10 ANISOTRYPA HAYNENSIS DEISS 1927 9643 5
DUNCAN,H..1939

TREPOSTOMATOUS BRYOZOA FROM THE TRAVERSE GROUP OF MICHIGAN

CONTR.FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLCGY,UNIV.0F MICHIGAN,V.5,NO.10,PF.171-280-
UH11 ANDMALOTOECHUS TYPICUS DUNCAN 1939 19801 1
UM12 ATACTOTOECHUS TYPICUS DUNCAN 1939 19809 1
UM13 CALACANTHOFORA PRIMA DUNCAN 1939 19849 1
UM14 CHONDRAULUS GRANOSUS DUNCAN 1939 19850 1
UM15 CYCLOPORA LUNATA DUNCAN 1939 19878 5
UM16 DISCOTRYPA VERA DUNCAN 1939 19877 5
UM17 EOSTENOPORA PICTA DUNCAN 1939 19856 1
UM18 ERIDOCAHPYLUS ULRICHI DUNCAN 1939 19879 1
UM19 MICROCAMPYLUS TYPICUS DUNCAN 1939 19873 1
UM21 HICROCAMPYLUS TENUIS DUNCAN 1939 19871 5
UM22 MICROCAMPYLUS TRAVERSENSIS DUNCAN 1939 19872 5
UH23 STENOPORELLA ( ) DEVONICA DUNCAN 1939 19874 5
UM24 STEREOTOECHUS TYPICUS DUNCAN 1939 19881 1
UM25 TRACHYTOECHUS TYPICUS DUNCAN 1939 19875 1

FENTON,O.L. AND FENTON,M.A..1924
THE STRATIGRAPHY AND FAUNA or THE HACKBERRY STAGE or THE UPPER DEVONIAN
CONTR.FROM THE MUSEUM or GEOLOGY,UN.0F HICHIGAH,v.1,zsoP.,5 FIGS.,XLV PLS.

UHs PETALOTRYPA FORMOSA FENTON+F. 192a 3050 5
une LEIOCLEMA occxoens (HALL+HHITF 1873) 3052 7
UM8 ORTHOPORA BUCHERI FENTON+F. 1924 3079 5
UH9 ORTHOPORA ULRICHI FENTON+F. 1929 5052 5
HUFFHAN,S.F..1970

RHABDOMESID ECTOPROCTS (BRYOZOA) FROM THE EDHARDSVILLE MEMBERgMULDRAUGH

FORMATION (HISSISSIPPIAN) AT CRAHFORDSVILLE. INDIANA.

PH.D.THESIS.INDIANA UNIV..172 P.911 PLS.,3 FIGS.,44 PLATES
H1 METAPORA, GEN.NOV., SP.NOV. HUFFMAN 1970 8288-17515A,8 RLA 4
H2 STREBLOTRYPA, SP.NOV. HUFFMAN 1970 8288-125000 TE 5
H3 STREBLDTRYPELLA MAJOR (ULRICH 1888) 8288-14512A RLA 2
H4 SAFFORDOTAXIS INCRASSATA (ULRICH 1888) 8288-20501,1A 6
H5 METAPORA, GEN.NOV.. SP.NOV. HUFFMAN 1970 8288-17515A,8 TE 4
H7 STREBLOTRYPELLA MAJOR (ULRICH 1888) 8288-14512A TE 2
H8 NICKLESOPORA 0F. VARIANS ULRICH 1890 8288-15511A 8
H9 SAFFORDOTAXIS INCRASSATA (ULRICH 1888) 8288-20501A 8
H10 STREBLOTRYPELLA ( ) SP. HUFFMAN 1970 8288-9506A 9
H11 8AOTROPORA ( ) SIMPLEX ULRICH 1890 8288-75010 8
H12 NIKIFOROVELLA SPIRALIS (ULRICH 1890) 8288-15050 8
H14 NICKLESOPORA ATTENUATA ULRICH 1890 8288-55060 8
LONSDALE9H.. 1844

DESCRIPTION OF SIX NEH SPECIES OF CORALngROM THE PALEOZOIC FORHATION 0F

VAN DIEMENtS LAND.

IN DARHINgttGEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE VOLCANIC ISLANDS¢¢1$T EDITION,
APPENDIX,PP.161-169

N62 STENOPORA TASMANIENSIS LONSDALE 1844 1967.66.291-292 3
N63 STENOPORA TASMANIENSIS LONSDALE 1844 1967.66.293-299 3
N64 STENOPORA SP. NICHOLSON 1967.66.300-3-2 9
LONSDALE,H.. 1845
¢¢FOSSIL CORALStt. IN P.E.DE STRZELECKI, ¢¢PHYSIOAL DESCRIPTION OF NEH
SOUTH HALES AND VAN DIEMEN‘S LAND¢$, PP.262-264, LONDON
N56 STENOPORA CRINITA LONSDALE 1845 1967.66.244-246 5
N57 STENOPORA CRINITA LONSDALE 1845 1967.66.247-248 5
N58 STENOPORA CRINITA LONSDALE 1845 1967.66.249-250 5

MONAIR.A.H..1937
CRYPTOSTOMATOUS BRYOZOA FROM THE MIDDLE DEVONIAN TRAVERSE GROUP OF MICHIGAN
CONTR.FROH THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTDLDGY,UN.OF MICHIGAN,V.5,NO.9,PP.103-170

14 PLS..1 FIG.

UH2 INTRAPORA PUTEOLATA HALL 1883 17114 3
UH3 CERAMELLA CASEI MCNAIR 1937 17124.5 5
UM4 SEMIOPORA ( ) EHLERSI MCNAIR 1937 17159960961 5
NICHO'SON,H.A.. 1874
IN 3 PUBLICATIONS
N1 PERONOPORA FRONDOSA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.412 1
N2 PERONOPORA FRONDOSA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.415g414 1
N3 PERONOPORA FRONDOSA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.419 1
N4 PERONOPORA FRONDOSA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.423g424 1
N5 FISTULIPORA INCRASSATA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1875.1.51 5
N9 BYTHOPORA DELICATULA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1968.15.325 5
N21 ATACTOPORELLA ORTONI (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.429-432 5
N22 . HALLOPORA ANOEHSI (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.433g434 5
N23 HALLOPORA NODULOSA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.4509541 5
N24 HALLOPORA NODULOSA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.4509541 5
N25 LEPTOTRYPELLA MONILIFORMIS (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.450,451 5
N26 BATOSTOMA JAMESI NICHOLSON 1874 1967.66.462g463 5
N27 BATOSTOMA JAMESI NICHOLSON 1874 1967.66.464 5
N31 BATOSTOMA GIRVANENSE (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.475 5
N34 LEPTOTRYPELLA BARRANDEI (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.478,479 1
N35 DEKAYIA ATTRITA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.482-484 5
N40 RHOMBOTRYPA RHOHBICA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.5269527 5
N42 FISTULIPORA INCRASSATA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.331-337 7
N44 STREBLOTRYPA HAMILTONENSIS (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.222 5
N48 PINACOTRYPA PROPOROIDEA (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.300-305 5
N53 LEPTOTRYPELLA BARRANDEI (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.359 1
N54 LEPTOTRYPELLA BARRANDEI (NICHOLSON 1874) 1967.66.361 1
NICHOLSON,H.A.. 1875
IN 4 PUBLICATIONS

N6 ‘ MONOTRYPA UNDULATA (NICHOLSON 1875) 1879.58.29A 1
N10 MONOTRYPA UNDULATA (NICHOLSON 1875) 1967.66.553g554 2
N12 ASPIDOPORA NEHBERRYI (NICHOLSON 1875) 1967.66.388.389 5
N13 ASPIDOPORA NEHSERRYI (NICHOLSON 1875) 5

1967.66.390

71

N33 HETEROTRYPA SUBPULCHELLA NICHOLSON 1875 1967.66.477 5
N38 MONOTRYPA UNDULATA (NICHOLSON 1875) 1967.66.518g519 1
N43 HETERODICTYA GIGANTEA NICHOLSON 1875 1967.66.341-344 1
N45 ASTREPTODICTYA FENESTELLIFORMIS (NICHOLSON 1875) 1967.66.331.332 5
N50 ERIDOTRYPA BRIAREA (NICHOLSON 1895) 1967.66.543-545 5
NICHOLSON,H.A.. 1879
ON THE STRUCTURE AND AFFINITIES OF THE TABULATE CORALS OF THE PALEOZOIC
PERIODgHITH CRITICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIVE SPECIES.
EDINBURGH,1879,342 PP.,15 PLS.(BRYOZOA,PP.253-327, PLS.XII-XV)
N36 SONNINOPORA HHITEAVESI (NICHOLSON 1879) 1967.66.508g509 5
N37 SONNINOFORA HHITEAVESI (NICHOLSON 1879) 19670660510’511 5
N39 MONOTRYPA ( ) HINTERI (NICHOLSON 1879) 1967.66.520-523 5

NICHOLSON,H.A..1881
ON THE STRUCTURE AND AFFINITIES OF THE TABULATE CORALS OF THE PALEOZOIC
PERIOD
NILLIAM BLACKHOOD AND SONS.EDINBURGH AND LONDON

NICHOLSON,H.A..1881
ON THE STRUCTURE AND AFFINITIES OF THE GENUS MDNTICULIPDRA AND ITS SUB-GENE

RA H.8LACKHOOD AND SONSgEDINBURGH AND LONDON
N11 HOMOTRYPELLA HOSPITALIS (NICHOLSON 1881) 1967.66.403-405 5
N14 PRASOPORINA SELHYNI (NICHOLSON 1881) 1967.66.3919392 1
N15 PRASOPORINA SELHYNI (NICHOLSON 1881) 1967.66.393y394 1
N16 PRASOPORINA SELHYNI (NICHOLSON 1881) 1967.660395,396 1
N17 PRASOPORINA SELHYNI (NICHOLSON 1881) 196706603979398 1
N18 PRASOPORINA SELHYNI (NICHOLSON 1881) 1967.66.3999400 1
N19 PRASOPORINA SELHYNI (NICHOLSON 1881) 1967.66.4019402 1
N28 GORTANIPORA DAHSONI (NICHOLSON 1881) 1967.66.4659466 5
N29 HETEROTRYPA ULRICHI NICHOLSON 1881 1967.66.468-470 1
N30 BATOSTOMA IMPLICATUM (NICHOLSON 1881) 1967.66.471-473 1
N32 DIPLOTRYPELLA TRENTONENSIS (NICHOLSON 1881) 1967.66.476 5
N41 AMPLEXOPORA PETASIFORMIS (NICHOLSON 1881) 1967.66.539.540 5
N59 ' TABULIPORA HOHSI (NICHOLSON 1881) 1967.66.257-270 5

NICHOLSON.H.A..1883

CONTRIBUTIONS TO MICROPALEONTOLDGY.-ON STENOPORA HOHSII,NICHDLSON,HITH
NOTES ON MONTICULIPORA ( ) TUMIDA,PHILLIPS, AND REMARKS ON TABULIPORA URII,
YOUNG. ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY (5),NO.12.PP.285-297,PL.X
1967.66.271-277 5

N60 TABULIPORA HOHSI ARCTICA (NICHOLSON 1883)

NICHOLSON,H.A..1884
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MICROPALEONTOLOGY.-NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF MDNTICULIPO-
ROID CORALS FROM THE UPPER SILURIAN ROCKS 0F BRITAIN
ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY (5),NO.13,PP.117-127,PL.VII

N46 ASPEROPORA LUDENSIS (NICHOLSON 1884) 1967.66.277-284 4
N47 AMPLEXOPORA ( ) SP. NICHOLSON 1967.66.277,278 9
N51 HALLOPORA NANA (NICHOLSON 1884) 1967.66.564g565 5
N52 HENNIGDPORA ( ) GLANS (NICHOLSON 1884) 1967.66.569-571 5

NICHOLSON,H.A.,AND ETHERIDGE.R.J..1877

72

ON PRASOPORA GRAYAE.A NEH GENUS AND SPECIES OF SILURIAN CORALS
ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY (4),NO.20,PP.388-392

N20 PRASOPORA GRAYAE " NICH.+ETH. 1377 1967.66.406,407
NICHOLSON,H.A. AND ETHERIDGE.R.J.. 1335

ON THE TASMANIAN AND AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS STENOPORAgLDNSDALE.
ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HUSTORY (5),XVII,PP.173-187,PLS.III,IV

N7 STENOPORA AUSTRALIS NICH§ETHER 1886 1968.15.235-239
N8 STENOPORA AUSTRALIS NICH+ETHER 1886 1968.15.240-243

N61 STENOPORA LEICHARDTI NICH+ETHER 1886 1967.66.278-285

NICHOLSON,H.A. AND FOORD,A.H.. 1885
ON THE GENUS FISTULIPORA,MCCOY,HITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVERAL SPECIES
ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY (5),XVI,PP.496-517.PLS.XV-XVIII

N49 FISTULIPORA MUSCOSA NICH+FOORD 1885 1967.66.316-319

PERKINS.R.D.,PERRY,T.G. AND HATTIN,D.E.. 1962
SOME BRYOZOANS FROM THE BEIL LIMESTONE MEMBER OF THE LECOMPTON LIMESTONE
(VIRGILIAN) OF KANSAS
STATE GEOL.SURVEY OF KANSAS,BULL.157,PART 5,PP.1-25,FIG.1,PLS.1-5

PP1 FISTULIPDRA DECORA (MOORE+DUD 1944) 6780A,B
PP2 FISTULIPORA ( ) PECULIARIS PERK+PERRY 1962 6800-A98,0
PP3 ERIDOPORA BEILENSIS PERK+PERRY 1962 6801

PP5 MEEKOPORA SP. PERK+PERRY 1962 6806

PP6 TABULIPORA REGULARIS PERK+PERRY 1962 6807A,B
PP7 TABULIPORA GROVERENSIS PERK+PERRY 1962 6809

PP8 STENOPORA PAUCA PERK+PERRY 1962 6810A,B
PP9 RHOMBOPDRA LEPIDODENDROIDES MEEK 1872 6812

PERRY,T.G. AND GUTSCHICK,R.0.. 1959
BRYOZOANS FROM THE AMSDEN FORMATION. SOUTHHEST MONTANA
J.PALEONTOL06Y,33(2)313-322,PLS.46-48

P61 CYCLOTRYPA CONFERTA PERRY+GUTS 1959 5499
P62 DYBOHSKIELLA REGULARIS PERRY+GUTS 1959 5505
P63 DYBOHSKIELLA STIPATA PERRYfGUTS 1959 55-2
P64 FISTULIPORA AMSDENENSIS PERRY+GUTS 1959 5501
P65 STENOPHRAGMIDIUM MEGISTUM PERRY+GUTS 1959 5515
P66 STENOPHRAGMIDIUM OBSCURUM PERRY+GUTS 1959 5514
P67 TABULIPORA AMSDENENSIS PERRY+GUTS 1959 5506
P68 TABULIPORA MACULATA PERRY+GUTS 1959 5512
P69 TABULIPORA PACHYMURALIS PERRY+GUTS 1959 5509A98

PERRY,T.6. AND HATTIN,D.E.. 1958
ASTOGENETIC STUDIES OF FISTULIPOROID BRYOZOANS
J.PALEONTOLOGY,3Z,PP.1039-1050,3 TABLES,PLS.129-131,1 FIG.

PH1 DYBDHSKIELLA BROHNSPORTENSIS PERRY+HATT 1958 5490
PH2 \ FISTULIPDRA HEMISPHERICA (ROEMER 1860) 5485-3g3T1
PH4 CYCLOTRYPA 0F. ABDITA HO0RE+DUDL 1944 5489-T1gL2

ummmommu

UIUTU'IUTUIUIUTU'IUI

VU'IUI

73

PERRY.T.G. AND HATTIN,0.E.. 1950 .
oscooo (NIAGARAN) BRYOZOANS FROM THE TYPE AREA
J.PALEONTOLOGY,34(4)695-710.PLS.85-90

PH5 CERAMOPORA VESICULARIS 'PERRY+HATT 1960 5561-128A,8,C 5
PH6 CERAMOPORA IMBRICATA HALL 1852 5560- 3
PH7 FISTULIPORA PROHISCUA PERRY+HATT 1960 5562- 5
PH9 HETERDTRYPA ( ) PERPLEXA PERRY+HATT 1960 5567-78 5
PH10 TREMATOPORA SP. (PERRY+HAT 1960) 5574-30A,B 9
PH8 CHEILOTRYPA OSTIOLATA (HALL 1852) 5566- 7
PH11 HEMIPACHYDICTYA CRASSA (HALL 1852) 5578-75 3
PH12 STIGHATELLA DUBIA PERRY+HATT 1960 5570-7 5
PH16 HALLOPORA ELEGANTULA '(HALL 1852) 5573-58 3
PH17 HENNIGOPORA APTA PERRY+HATT 1960 5572-18 5
PH18 BADOGLIOPORA SPINOSA (BASSLER 1906) 10620-89 4
PH19 FISTULIPORA NEGLECTA PERRY+HATT - 10620-6 8
PH20 MONOTRYPA EXSERTA PERRY+HATT 1960 5580-42 5
PH21 MONOTRYPA BENJAMINI BASSLER 1906 5577-79 7
PH22 MONOTRYPA OSGOODENSIS BASSLER 1906 5576-300 7

PERRY.T.G. AND HOROHITZ,A.S.. 1963
BRYOZOANS FROM THE GLEN DEAN LIMESTONE (MIDDLE CHESTER) OF SOUTHERN INDIANA
AND KENTUCKY
INDIANA GEOL.SURVEY BULL.26,51PP.,9PLS.,15 TABLES

HOR1 FISTULIPORA CONFINIS

PERRY+HORO 1963 6042 5

HOR2 FISTULUPORA PERDENSA PERRY+HORO 1963 6040A18 5
HOR3 FISTULIPORA EXCELLENS ULRICH 1884 6083 7
HOR4 ERIDOPORA MACROSTOMA ULRICH 1882 6077 3
HOR5 ERIDOPORA MACROSTOMA ULRICH 1882 6628‘ 3
HOR6 MEEKOPORA EXIMIA ULRICH 1889 6075 7
HOR7 TABULIPORA CESTRIENSIS ULRICH 1890 6644 7
HOR8 TABULIPORA RAMOSA (ULRICH 1890) 6657 7
HOR9 TABULIPORA FENERUDIS PERRY+HOR0 1963 6044A,B,C 5
PHILLIPS,J.. 1841

FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PALEOZOIC FOSSILS OF CORNHALLTDEVON,AND

HEST SOMERSET. h

LONDON 1841.231 PP..60 PLS. (8RYOZOA,PP.20-27,PLS.9-13)
N55 RHABDOMESDN GRACILE PHILLIPS 1841 1967.66.327 3
RENZETTI,PHYLLIS.. 1961

FAUNA OF THE THREEFORKS SHALE (DEVONIAN) OF SOUTHHESTERN MONTANA

PH.D.THESIS.UNDIANA UNIV..342 P.,76 PLS.,27 FIGS.,28 TABLES
R1 RHABDOMESDN N.SP. A RENZETTI 1961 6102-2 5
R2 RHABDOMESDN N.SP. A RENZETTI 1961 6102-3 5
R3 RHDMBOPORA N.SP. A RENZETTI 1961 6104-1 5
R4 RHOMBOPORA N.SP. A RENZETTI 1961 6105 5
R5 NICKLESOPORA N.SP. A RENZETTI 1961 6107-1 ‘ 5
R6 UNIDENTIFIED SPECIMEN RENZETTI 6103-10
R7 UNIDENTIFIED SPECIMEN RENZETTI 6103-12
R8 UNIDENTIFIED SPECIMEN RENZETTI 6103-13
R9 RHDMBOPORA N.SP. A .RENZETTI 1961 6103-13 5

\

RODRIGUEZTJ.. 1960

74

INDIANA INVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE GDLCDNDA FORMATION (MISSISSIPPIAN,MIDDLE
CHESTER) OF INDIANA,HESTERN KENTUCKY AND SOUTHERN ILLINOIS
UNPUBLISHED PH.D.THESIS. INDIANA UNIV.

ULRICH 1884 110 ‘8
ULRICH 1890 92 8

R02 FISTULIPORA EXCELLENS
R04 TABULIPORA CESTRIENSIS

UTGGARDpJ. AND PERRY,T.G.. 1964
TREPOSTOMATOUS BRYOZCAN FAUNA OF THE UPPER PART OF THE HHITEHATER FORMATION
(CINCINNATIAN) OF EASTERN INDIANA AND HESTERN OHIO.
INDIANA DEPT.CONSERV.GEOL.SURVEY BULL.33,111 PP..23 PLS.,1 FIG.

NONTYPE SPECIMENS IN MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY PALEONTOLOGICAL COLLECTION.

MSU3 ESCHAROPORA PAVONIA (DiORBIGNY ) 19A815 8
NONTYPE SPECIMENS, IDENTIFIED BY CUMINGS AND GALLOHAY. INDIANA U. PALEO. COLLECT
NT1 ' ANAPHRAGMA MIRABILE ULR+BASSL 1904 174-25923 4
NT2 ANOLOTICHIA PONDEROSA ULRICH 1890 173-24,?5 4
NT5 PAPILLUNARIA HEMISPHERICA (ULRICH 1890) 173-21 8
NT8 CRASSALUNA EPIDERMATA (ULRICH 1890) 4

U1 GORTANIPORA AUSTINI (BASSLER 1903) 8252-1Ag2A 6
U2 GORTANIPORA COMMUNIS (BASSLER 1903) 8252-5A 6
U3 GORTANIPORA CYLINDRICA (BASSLER 1903) 8252-7A 9
U4 HOMDTRYPA FLABELLARIS ULRICH 1890 8252-14A 7
'U5 CADORNIPORA NODULOSA (BASSLER 1903) 8252-39A 7
U6 HOMOTRYPA RAMULOSA BASSLER 1903 8252-42A 7
U7 MONOTRYPA RICHMONDENSIS BASSLER 1903 0252‘57A9583 7
U8 MONOTRYPA NORTHENI (JAMES 1882) 8252-61A 7
U9 HOMDTRYPELLA CUMINGSI UTG+PERRY 1964 8252-84A 5
U10 HOMOTRYPELLA HOSPITALIS (NICHOLSON 1881) 8252-102A 7
U11 MESOTRYFA ORBICULATA 0.+ 6. 1913 8252-131A 6
U12 MESOTRYPA PATELLA (ULRICH 1890) 8252-136A 6
U13 MESOTRYPA PAUCA UTG+PERRY 1964 8252-128A,B 5
U14 MONTICULIPORA ERIDERMATA ULR+BASSL. 1904 8252-138A98 7
U15 MDNTICULIPORA MULTIPORA OVER 1925 8252-148A,8 7
U16 MDNTICULIPORA PARASITICA ULRICH 1882 8252-153A 7
U17 PERONOPORA PAUCA UTGPPERRY 1964' 8252-156A 5
U18 PERONOPORA DECIPIENS '(ROMINGER 1866) 8252-164A,B 3
U19 PERONOPORA PACHYMURA UTG+PERRY 1964 8252-170A 5
U20 AMPLEXOPORA PARVA UTG+PERRY 1964 8252-174A 5
U21 ACANTHOTRYPELLA VARIABILE (ULRICH 1890) 8252-180A 3
U22 RHOMBOTRYPA MULTITABULATA UTG+PERRY 1964 8252-185A,B 5
U23 RHOMBOTRYPA QUADRATA (RDMINGER 1866) 8252-198A 3
U24 BATOSTOMA PARCUM UTG.+PERRY 1964 8252-204A 5
U25 BATOSTOMA VARIANS (JAMES 1878) 8252-208A 7
U26 BYTHOPORA DELICATULA (NICHOLSON 1874) 8252-217A 7
U27 BATOSTOMELLA GRACILIS (NICHOLSON 1874) 8252-222A 3
U28 STIGMATELLA PERSONATA ULR+BASSL 1904 8252-263A 7
U29 HALLOPORA CONGRUA UTG.+PERRY 1964 8252-288A 5
U30 CYPHOTRYPA HAYNENSIS UTG.+PERRY 1964 8252-240A 5
U31 HETEROTRYPA SUBRAMOSA (ULRICH 18798) 8252-248A 7
U32 HETEROTRYPA SINGULARIS ULRICH - 1890 8252-247A 7
U33 NICHOLSONELLA SP. UTG+PERRY 1964 8252-286A 9
U34 CONSTELLARIA CF. PUNCTATA (HHITFIELD 1882) 8252-285 9
U35 CONSTELLARIA POLYSTDMELLA NICHOLSON 1875 8252-281 7

173-7,a

_-. w‘ -- ~- — ,_

NT9

NT10
NT11
NT12
NT13
NT14
NT16
NT18
NT19
NT20
NT21
NT22
NT24
NT25
NT26
NT27
NT28
NT30
NT31
NT32
NT34
NT35
NT37
NT38
NT39
NT41
NT42
NT44
NT45
NT46
NT47
NT48
NT49
NT52
NT53
NT54
NT55

f

LEPTOTRYPA MINIHA
LIOCLEMELLA NITIDA
PHAENOPORA HILMINGTONENSIS
PTILOTRYPA OBLIOUATA
ARTHROPORA SHAFFERI
NICHOLSONELLA VAUPELI
PTILODICTYA PLUMARIA
SPATIOPORA ASPERA
ASPIDOPORA PARASITICA.
STICTOPORA MUTABILIS
COELOCLEMA OSCULUM

CREPIPORA SOLIDA

EURYDICTYA MULTIPORA
HALLOPORINA CRENULATA
HEMIPHRAGMA IRRASUM
HOMOTRYPELLA INSTABILIS
MESOTRYPA 0F. INFIDA
ORBIGNYELLA SUBLAMELLOSA
PHYLLODICTYA VARIA '
PRISMOPORA SERRATA
TRIGONODICTYA CONCILIATRIX
ATACTOTOECHUS TYPICUS
CHEILOTRYPA OSTIOLATA
CHONDRAULUS PONDEROSUS

CYSTODICTYA SP.

DIANULITES PETROPOLITANUS
DICHOTRYPA FLABELLUM

PROAVELLA PROAVA

HOMOTRYPELLA HOSPITALIS
LIOCLEMELLA ANNULIFERA
FIMBRIAPORA FIMBRIATA
RHINOPORA VERRUCOSA
PETALDTRYPELLA TUBERCULATA
LICHENALIA CONCENTRICA
MONOTRYPELLA AEQUALIS
PETIGOPORA ASPERULA
PETIGOPORA PETECHIALIS

75

ULRICH
(ULRICH
ULRICH
ULRICH
(MEEK
(ULRICH
JAMES
ULRICH

SAME AS 0621

ULRICH
(HALL
ULRICH
(HALL
(ULRICH
(ULRICH
ULRICH
(ULRICH
ULR+8ASSL
ULRICH
(MEEK
(ULRICH
DUNCAN
(HALL
(ROMINGER
ULRICH
DYBOHSKI
(ROMINGER
(EICHHALD

(NICHOLSON
(HHITFIELD

(JAHES
HALL
("06.5 Ho
HALL
ULRICH
ULRICH

11883

1890)
2893
1890
1872)
1883)
1878
1883

1886
1876)
1890
1851)
1893)
1886)
1886
1895)
1904
1893
1875)
1886)
1939
1852)
1892)
1882
1877
1866)
1840)
1881)
1878)
1878)
1852
1851)
1852
1882
1883

(NICHOLSON 1875)

172-23
177-10
174-19
173-20922g23
109-19
113-15/73-7
117-1

116-2

203-22

143-5
221-18
197-4
186-1194’1
191-19
198-24
199-9
203-19
195-3
195-4 ‘ 221-24
206-23
270-16
281,2

239-9

270-20

234-8

277-12

272-16

268-3

267-7,8

272-15

FAR HOLE.SER.3(2)
SER.2(10),1.33A3
1.33A3

16-24, 1.3880.

toottoor

' acas~r¢::-r<»anranasocuanr:ro¢549:urJracncnr

APPENDIX II

List of OTU's alphabetically arranged.

LIST OF OTUZS USED

76

IN THIS STUDY.

ASTERISKS IDENTIFY REPRESENTATIVES OF GENERA.

CODE

0653
06A3
0618
U21
003
0624
0647
B17
0U2
0671

GENUS AND

SPECIES

ACANTHOCERAMDPORELLA TRILOBA

ACANTHOTRYPELLA VARIARILE

ACANTHOTRYPELLA

VARIABILE

ACANTHOTRYPELLA VARIABILE

APPLEXOPOPA
AMPLEXOPORA
AMPLEXOPOFA
AMPLEXOPORA
AMPLEXJPORA
AMPLEXOPORA
APPLEXOPORA
AMPLEXOPOPA
AMPLEXOPOPA
APPLEXOPORA
AMPLEXOPOPA
AMPLEXOPORA
APPLEXOPOPA
AMPLEXOPOPA
AMPLEXOPORA
AMPLEXOPORA
AMPLEXODORA

CONFERTA

FILIASA

GRANULOSA

MINOR

MULTISPINOSA
MULTISPINOSA

PARVA

PETASIFORMIS

PUMILA
PUHILA
RDWUSTA
SEPTOSA
SEPTOSA
SEPTOSA

( ) SP.

ANAPHRAGMA MIRABILE

ANISOTRYPA HAYNENSIS
ANOLOTICHIA EXPLANATA
ANOLOTICHIA PONDEROSA
ANOMALOTOECHUS TYPICUS
SHAFFERI
LUDENSIS
NEH3FRRYI
NEHBERRYI
PARASITICA,
ASTREPTODICTYA FENESTELLIFORMIS
ATACTOPORA INTERMEDIA
ATACTOPORELLA HUNOULA

ARTHROPORA
ASPEROPORA
ASPIDOPORA
ASPIDOPORA
ASPIDOPORA

ATACTOPORELLA ORTONI
ATACTOPORELLA TYPICALIS
VARIANT
ATACTOTOECHUS TYPICUS
ATACTOTOECHUS TYPICUS
BACTROPORA ( ) SIMPLEX
BADOGLIOPORA SPINOSA

ATACTOPORE

LLA,

MACULOSA
MINIMA
HINCTELLI
HINCHELLI

SAME AS

BALTICOPOPA TENUIHURALIS
BALTICOPORELLA HHITFIELDI

BATOSTOMA
BATOSTOMA
BATOSTOMA
BATOSTOMA
BATOSTOMA
BATOSTOMA
BATOSTONA
BATOSTOMA
BATOSTOMA

DENDROIDEA
GIRVANENSE

IMPLICATUM

INUTILIS

JAMESI
JAMESI
JANESI
JAMESI
PARCUH

AUTHOR

( C.+ G.

(ULRICH
(ULRICH
(ULRICH

(CCRYELL
(DZORBIGNY

C.+ G.
BRDHN
CUMINGS
CUMINGS

UTG+PERRY
(NICHOLSON

Co+ Go
69* Go
ULRICH
(ULRICH
C.‘ G.
C.+ G.
ULRICH
ULRICH

NICHOLSON
ULR+BASSL

DEISS
CORYELL
ULRICH
DUNCAN
(MEEK

(NICHOLSON
(NICHOLSON
(NICHOLSON

0621

(NICHOLSON

C.+ G.
(ULRICH

(NICHOLSON
ULRICH
ANST+PER9Y
DUNCAN
DUNCAN
ULRICH
(BASSLER
(ULRICH
(JAMES
COQYELL
(NICHOLSON
(NICHOLSON
CODYELL
NICHOLSON
NICHOLSON
NICHOLSON
NICHOLSON
UTG.+PERRY

YEAR

1913)
1890)
1890)
1890)
1921)
1850)
1913
1965
1901
1901
1964
1881)
1913
1913
1883
1879)
1913
1913
1886
1886

1904
1927
1921
1890
1939
1872)
1884)
1875)
1875)

1875)
1913
1879)
1874)
1883
1973
1939
1939
1890
1906)
1893)
1881)
1921
1874)
1881)
1921
1874
1874
1874
1874
1964

MUSEUM,OR ORIGINAL
PUBLICATION NO.

9167-18

9117-23
81-14
8252-180A
9249-9
87-25
9109-14
8241-3
9006-23
9126-21
8252-174A

1967.66.539.540

9107-23
79-6

6-1,?
8973-11001
9149-1
9162-2
9188-20
8237-1

1967.66.277,278

174-25,23
9643
9240-23
173°2N’25
19801
109-19

1967.660277‘28H
1967.66.388,389

1967.66.390

1967.66.331.332

9157-22
5-21

1967.66.429-432
8977-16009
8974-2004
206-23

19809
8288-75010
10620-89
8232-12
8976-30010
9246-1
1967.66.475
1967.66.471-473
9246-3
1967.66.462,463
1967.66.464
8976-5008

21-5

8252-204A

NUM
STAT.

90 WNW“ \nU'TJ-‘J‘Htvlm:OVNU‘IU‘O‘OWWWWVWWUTVUINVUU'I

WVQWWWF‘J‘U‘O‘VC‘O

BATOSTOMA PROSSERI
BATOSTONA SURERASSUM
BATOSTOMA VARIANS
BATOSTOMA VARIANS
BATOSTONA VARIANS
BATOSTOMELLA GRACILIS
BATOSTOMELLA GRACILIS
BATOSTOMELLA GRACILIS
BYTHOPORA DELICATULA
BYTHOPORA DELICATULA
BYTHOPORA HEEKI
CADORNIPOPA NODULOSA
CALACANTHOPCRA PRIHA

'CERAHELLA CASEI

CERAMOPHYLLA VAUPELI
CERAMOPORA IHHRICATA
CERAMOPORA VESICULARIS
CERAMOPORELLA OHIOENSIS
CERAMOPORELLA OHIOENSIS
CERAMOPORELLA TuaULOSA
CHEILOPORELLA FLARELLATA
CHEILOPORELLA FLAHELLATA
CHEILOTPYPA OSTIOLATA
CHEILOTRYDA OSTIOLATA
CHONDRAULUS GPANOSUS
CHONDRAULUS PONDEROSUS
COELOCLEMA CONSIHILE
COELOCLEMA INFLATUM
COELOCLEHA LAHELLOSA
COELOCLEMA OSCULUM
COELOCLEMA PIERCEANUM
CONSTELLARIA CONSTELLATA
CONSTELLAPIA POLYSTDMELLA
CONSTELLARIA POLYSTDMELLA
CONSTELLAPIA CF. PUNCTATA'
CONSTELLAPIA SP.
CRASSALUNA EPIOEPHATA
CREPIPORA SCLIOA
CREPIPORA VENUSTA
CYCLOPORA LUNATA
CYCLOTQYPA CF. APOITA
CYCLOTRYPA CONFERTA
CYPHOTRYPA ACERVULOSA
CYPHOTRYPA DACHYMURALIS
CYPHOTDYPA HAYNETSIS
CYSTODICTYA SP.

DECAYELLA ANOMALA
DEKAYELLA CLAVATA
DEKAYELLA PRAENUNTIA SIMPLEX
DEKAYELLA PRAENUNTIA SIMPLEX
DEKAYIA APPRESSA

DEKAYIA ASPERA

DEKAYIA ATTRITA

DEKAYIA CATENULATA
DEKAYIA HACULATA

DEKAYIA HACULATA

DEKAYIA PELLICULATA
DIANULITES PETROPOLITANUS
DICHOTRYPA FLAHELLUH
DIPLOTRYDA CATENULATA
DIPLOTRYPELLA TRENTONENSIS

77

c.+G.
COPYELL
(JAMES
(JAMES
(JAMES
(NICHOLSON
(NICHOLSON
(NICHOLSON
(NICHOLSON
(NICHOLSON
(JAMES
(BASSLER
DUNCAN
MCNAIR
(ULRICH
HALL
PERRY+HATT
(NICHOLSON
(NICHOLSON
C.+G.
(ULRICH
(ULRICH
(HALL
(HALL
DUNCAN
(ROMINGER
CORYELL
CORYELL
COQYELL
(HALL
CORYELL
(DANA
NICHOLSON
NICHOLSON
(HHITFIELD

' ANST+PERRY

(ULRICH
ULRICH
(ULRICH
DUNCAN
MOORE+DUDL
pERRY+GUTS
(ULRICH
BRDHN
UTG.+PERRY
ULRICH
BROHN
FRITZ
ULRICH
ULRICH
ULRICH
M'E+Ho
(NICHOLSON
( C.+ 6.
JAMES
JAMES
ULRICH
DYBOHSKI
(ROMINGER
COPYELL
(NICHOLSON

1912
1921
1878)
1876)
1878)
1874)
1874)
1874)
1874)
1874)
1878)
1903)
1939
1937
1690)
1852
1960
1875)
1875)
1913
1879)
1879)
1852)
1852)
1939
1892)
1921
1921
1921
1876)
1921
1846)
1875
1875
1882)
1973
1890)
1890
1878)
1939
1944
1959
1895)
1965
196a
1882
1962
1957
1893
1893
1883
1851
1574)
1413)
1881
1881
1883
1877
1866)
1921
1881)

9116-17
9242-7
8252-208A
9112-22
67-2

6-3

9139-7
8252-222A
1968.15.325
8252-217A
32-5
8252-39A
19849
17124.5
8975-17016
5560-
5561-128A.R.C
7-3

10-3
9158-2

7-4

27-14
270-16
5566-
19850
281.2
9241-17
9240-20
9241-10

9238-14
10-20
8252-281
65-6
8252-285
8974-1002
173-7.8
143-5
8975-17037
19878
5489-T1.L2
5499
8243-1
8238-1
8252-240A

8232-3
8236-8
9198-16
9188-21
8234-1
8971-3005
1967.66.482-484
9131-15
8232-10
9145-9
12-4
239-9
270-20

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1967.66.476

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OYBOHSKIELL
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ESCHAROPORA
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FIHRRIARORA
FISTULIPORA
FISTULIDORA
FISTULIPORA
FISTULIPORA
FISTULIPORA
FISTULIPORA
FISTULIPORA
FISTULIDORA
FISTULIPORA
FISTULIPORA
FISTULIPORA
FISTULIPORA
FISTULIPORA
GORTANIPORA
GORTANIPORA
GORTANIPORA
GORTANIPORA
GORTANIPORA
GORTANIRORA
GORTANIPOPA
GORTANIDODA
GRAFTOOICTY
GRAFTOOICTY

EILENSIS
ACROSTOHA
ACROSTOMA
AEDILIS
AEOILIS MINOR
HRIAREA
HUTABILIS
SINULATRIX
VEVAYENSIS
PAVONIA
HULTIPORA
FIHPRIATA
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CONFINIS
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EXCELLENS
EXCELLENS
HENISPHERICA
INCRASSATA
INCRASSATA
MUSCOSA
( ) PECULIARIS
PERCENSA
PROHISCUA
NEGLECTA
AUSTINI
COMMUNIS
COHHUNIS
CYLINORICA
CYLINORICA
DAHSCNI
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SUCRAHOSA
A OENOROIOEA
A FRUITICOSA

HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLO°ORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA
HALLOPORA

ANOEHSI
ANOEHSI
CONGRUA
ELEGANTULA
ELEGANTULA
FLORENCIA
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NANA
NODULOSA
NODULOSA
NODULOSA
RAHOSA
RUGOSA
RUGOSA
SPISSATA
SPLENOENS
SUBNODOSA
SUHNOOOSA
SUBPLANA

DUNCAN
PERPY+HATT
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PERRYOGUTS
DUNCAN
DUNCAN
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ULRICH
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ULRICH
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1939
1958
1959
1959
1939
1939
1962
1882
1882
1855)
1895)
1895)
1899
1890)
1901

1851)
1878)
1959
1963
1944)
1884
1884
1860)
1874)
1874)
1885
1962
1963
1960

1903)
1903)
1903)
1903)
1903)
1881)
1882)
1886)
1921
1921
1874)
1874)
1964
1852)
1852)
1921
1908)
1886)
1884)
1874)
1874)
1874)
1850)
1851)
1851)
1921

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1890)
1890)
1882)

19877

5490

5505

55-2

19856

19879

6801

6077

6628

8233-5

8234-2
1967.66.543-545
8974-1004
9129-12

9014-14

19A915

221-18

268-3

5501

6042

6780A,8

110

6083

5485-393T1
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1967.66.331-337
1967.66.316‘319
6800-A,B,C
6040A,B

5562-

10620-6
8252-1A,2A
8252-SA

32-7

8252-7A

84-11
1967.66.465,466
1-18

9186-9
9237-13A,B
9237-12A,B
19670660933yk3“
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8252-288A
13110-495
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9240-13

85-17

8233-9
1967.66.564.565
1967.66.450g541
1967.66.450g541
8975-41024

8-4
103393'1
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9230-8
79-18
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85-15

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HETEROTRYPA
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HETEROTRYPA
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HETEROTRYPA
HETEROTRYPA
HETEROTRYPA
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HETEROTRYPA
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HEIEROTRYPA,

HETEROTRYPA

AFFINIS
CYSTATA
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HICROSTIGHA
PATERA

( ) OERPLEXA
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PROLIFICA .
PROLIFICA
PROLIFICA
PROLIFICA
RIOLSYANA
SINGULARIS
STONENSIS
SUOFRONOOSA
SU3RULCHFLLA
SUOPAHOSA
ULRICHI
ULRICHI
ULRICHI EXDANSA
ULRICHI LOOATA
ULRICHI LOBATA
VARIANT A

( ), VARIANI B

HOMOTRYPA ALTA

HOHOTRYPA CINCINNATIENSIS
HCHOTRYDA CONSTELLARIFORHIS
HOMOTRYPA CUQVATA

HOMOTRYRA
HCHOTRYPA
HOMOTRYPA
HOHOTRYPA
HCHOTRYPA
HOMOTRYOA
HOHOTRYPA
HOMOTRYPA
HOHOTRY°A
HOMOTRYPA

FLABELLARIS
FLABELLARIS

FLABELLARIS FRONDOSA

CLAORA
RAMULOSA

RICHMONDENSIS

SPINEA
SPISSA
HORTHENI
HORTHENI

HOMOTRYRELLA CUMINGSI

HOHOTRYDELLA
HOMOTRYPELLA
HOMOTRYPELLA
HOMOTRYRELLA
HOMOTRYPELLA

HOHOTRYPELLA HUNOULA

HOMOTRYPELLA

HOHOTRYPELLA RUSTICA

INTRAPORA

PUTEOLATA

LAHOTTOPORA PAUCA

LEIOCLEHA

OCCIOENS

LEPTOTRYPA HINIHA

HOSRITALIS
HOSPITALIS
HOSPITALIS
HOSPITALIS
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ROTJNOIPORA

79

ANST+°ERRY
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(CUNINGS
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ANST+pERRY
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ULRICH
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ULRICH

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BROHN

(HALL+HHITF

ULRICH

1973
1893)
1921
1852)
1886)
1960
1852)
1884)
1875
1879)
1901)
1850)
1850)
1913
1921
1960
1890
1890
1890
1890
1890
1921)
1890
1921
1902)
1875
18798)
1881
1881
1902)
1902)
1902)
1973
1973
1913
1903
1908
1882
1890
1890
1902
1913
1903
1903
1913
1915
1882)
1882)
1964
1881)
1881)
1881)
1881)
1886
1895
1915
1893
1883
1965
1873)
1883

8975-99009
197-9
9248-25A93
5578-75
ICC-119411
5572-18
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19670660569'571
1967.66.341-344

83-798
9012-17
9-1

8-4
9122-23
9242-4
5567-78
93-24
32-18
9168-21
9101-20
9102-13
9245-6
8252-247A
9242-5

9028-8y9024-6

1967.66.477
8252-248A
8975-28005

1967.66.468-470
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8976-7004
8972-3006
9163-23
10-1.2
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65-14
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9165-6
8252-42A

8252-57A,589

9165-1
9210-16
8252-61A
86-3
8252-84A

1967.66.403-405

6252-102A
32-16
277-12
191-19
8242-2
9210-1
50-11
17114
8233-7
8062
172-23

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LEPTOTRYOELLA HARDANOEI
LEPTOTRYPELLA HONILIFORHIS
LICHENALIA CONCENTRICA
LIOCLEMELLA ANNULIFERA
LIOCLEMELLA NITIDA
HEEKOPORA EXIHIA
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HESOTRYPA CRUSTULATA
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HESOTRYPA ORBICULATA
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HESOTRYPA
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SP.NOV.
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MONOTRYPA
HONOTRYDA
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HONOTRYDA UNDULATA
MONOTRYPA ( ) HINTERI
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HONTICULIRORA ERIOERHATA
HONTICULIPORA ERIDERNATA
HONTICULIPORA ERIOERHATA
HONTICULIPORA HAHMULATA
HONTICULIPORA HULTIPORA
HONTICULIPORA PARASITICA
HONTICULIPORA PARASITICA
NICHOLSONELLA CORNULA
NICHOLSONELLA cR'JNOIFERA
NICHOLSONELLA PECULIARIS
NICHOLSONELLA VAUPELI
NICHOLSONELLA VAUPELI
NICHOLSONELLA SP.
NICKLESOPORA ATTENUATA
NICKLESOPORA CF. VARIANS
NICKLESOPORA N.SP. A
NIKIFOROVSLLA SRIRALIS
ORBIGNYELLA MULTIIABULATA
ORBIGNYELLA NODOSA
ORBIGNYELLA SURLANELLOSA
ORBIPCDA SPINOSA
ORTHOPORA BUCHERI
ORTHOPORA ULRICHI
PAPILLUNARIA HEHISPHERICA
PERONOPORA OECIPIENS
PERONOPORA OECIPIENS
PERONOPORA FRONDOSA
PERONODORA FRONDOSA
PERONORORA FRONOOSA
PERONOPORA FRONDOSA

80

(NICHOLSON
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1874)
1874)
1874)
1852
1878)
1890)
1889
1962
1921
1895)
1913
1913
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1964
1895
1970
1970
1939
1939
1939
1906
1906
1960
1875)
1906
1906
1875)
1875)
1879)
1882
1904
1904
1904
1850
1925
1882
1882
1915
1921
1913
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1964
1890
1890
1961
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1921
1921
1904
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1924
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1967.66.478,479
1967.66.359
1967.66.361
1967.66.450,451
FAR HCLE.SER.3(2)
272-16

177-10

6075

6806

9236-24

198-24
8252-131A
9134-9
8252-136A
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8235-1
8288-17515A,B RLA
8288-17515A,B TE
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19872

19873

131061520
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5580-42
1879.58.29A
13127-204
5576-300
1967.66.5539554
1967.66.5189519
1967.66.520-523
SER.2(10),1.33A3
8252-138A,B
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50-23

10-4
8252-148A,B
8252-153A
65-18,19
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9133-4

8-9

113-15/73-7
8252-286A
8288-55060
8288-15511A
6107-1
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9248-16

199-9

9177-18

8079

8082

173-21

2-14
1967.66.412
1967.66.415,414
1967.66.419
1967.66.423,424

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.PHAENORORA

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PINACOTRYPA
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PRASOPORA G
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PACHYHURA

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PRASOPORA S
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PROAVELLA P
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RHOHBORORA

RHOHBOPORA

RHOHOORORA

RHOHBOTRYPA
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SAFFOROOTAX
SAFFOROOTAX
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STENORHRAGH
STENOPHRAGH
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STENOPORA C
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LONSOALE
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1964
1964
1888
1888
1888
1888
1888
1913
1924
1851)
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1875)
2893
1893
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1877
1886
1886
1886
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1881)
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1878
1878
1890
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1961
1961
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1852
1872
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1961
1961
1964
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1888)
1937
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1883
1959
1959
1886
1886
1845
1845
1845
1886
1962
1844

8252-170A
8252-156A
8971-3003
10-5
13-6
9147-16
9147-14
9133-24
8050
272-15
1.33A3
16-24,
174-19
203-19
1967.66.300-305
8233-1
1967.66.406,407
8974-1007
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9114-16
1967.660391’392
1967.66.393,394
1967.66.395,396
1967.66.397,398
1967.66.399,400
1967.66.401g402
195-3

234-8

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117-1
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1967.66.327
6102-3

6102-2

9247-9

9245-7

267‘798

6812

6104-1

6105

5103-13
8252-185A,B
65-A

8252-198A
1967.66.526,527
8288-20501,1A
8288-20501A
17159960961

1.3890.

1967.66.508,509'
, 1967.66.5109511

116-2

5515

5514
1968.15.235-239
1968.15.240-243
1967.66.244-246
1967.66.247-248
1967.66.249-250
19670660278'285
6810A,8
1967.66.291-292

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STIGMATELLA
STIGMATELLA
STIGHATELLA
STIGMATELLA
STIGMATELLA
STIGMATELLA

-STIGHATELLA

STIGMATELLA
STIGMATELLA
STIGMATELLA
STIGMATELLA
STIGMATELLA
STREBLOTRYP
STREBLOTRYP
STREBLOTRYP
STREBLOTRYP
STREBLOTRYP
STRONATOTRY
STRCMATOTRY
TABULIPORA
TABULIPORA
TABULIPORA
TABULIRORA
TABULIPORA
TABULIRORA
TABULIPORA
TABULIRORA
TABULIPORA
TABULIPORA
TABULIPORA
TRACHYTOECH
TREHATDPORA
TRIGONOOICT
TRIGONOOICT
UNIDENTIFIE
UNIOENTIFIE
UNIOENTIFIE

ASHANIENSIS
D.
A ( ) DEVOHICA
US TYPICUS
HUTAPILIS
LA CRIOILINA
ALCICORNIS
CATENULATA
CLAVIS
CLAVIS
CONICA
CRENULATA
OUBIA
INCRUSTANS
HULTISPINOSA
PERSONATA
PERSONATA
SESSILIS
A HAHILTONENSIS
A, SP.NOV.
ELLA MAJOR
ELLA MAJOR
ELLA ( ) SP.
PA INCRUSTANS
PA REGULARIS
AMSDENENSIS
CESTPIFNSIS
CESTRIENSIS
GROVERENSIS
HCHSI
HOHSI ARCTICA
HACULATA
PACHYMURALIS
PENERUOIS
RAHOSA
REGULARIS
US TYPICUS
SP. ,-.
YA CONCILIATRIX
YA IRRFCULARIS
0 SOECIHEN
O SRECIHEN
n SPECIMEN

82

LONSDALE
NICHOLSON
nUNCAN
DUNCAN
ULRICH
CO°YELL
C.+ G.

00* Go
(ULRICH
(ULPICH
HROHN
ULR+9ASSL
PERRY+HATT
60* Go
BROHN
ULRoBASSL
ULR+OASSL
C.+ G.
(NICHOLSON
HUFFMAN
(ULRICH
(ULRICH
HUFFMAN
CORYELL
CORYELL
PERRY+GUTS
ULRICH
ULRICH
PERK+PERRY
(NICHOLSON
(NICHOLSON
PERRY+GUTS
FERRY+GUTS
PERRY+HORO
(ULRICH
PERK+PERRY
DUNCAN
(PERRY+HAT
(ULRICH
CORYELL
RENZETTI
RENZETTI
RENZETTI

1844

1939
1939
1886
1921
1913
1913
1883)
1883’
1965
1904
1960
1913
1965
1904
1904
1913
1874)
1970
1888)
1888)
1970
1921
1921
1959
1890
1890
1962
1881)
1883)
1959
1959
1963
1890)
1962
1939
1960)
1886)
1921

1967.66.293-299
1967.66.300-3-2
19874 '
19881

203-22

9242-13

9155-18

9131-15
8974-1012

6-4

8235-3

89-14

5570-7

9107-17

8241-2
8252-263A

86-1

9146-8
1967.66.222
8288-12500C TE
8288-14512A RLA
8288-14512A TE
8288-9506A
9245-14
9245-16

5506

92

6644

6809
1967.66.257-270
1967.66.271-277
5512

5509A,B
6044A,83C

6657

6807A,8

19875

5574

195-4 * 221-24
9245-11A,8
6103-10

6103-12

6103-12

01:01-U'IVU‘IU'IU'IWUIUINGUIUI‘J‘LONNU'IWU'IVVU‘WUIHUINO‘WU‘UI ”VINO“

APPENDIX III

OTU's coded for 150 characters.

OTU¢S CODED FOR 150 CHARACTERS.

I

ACANTHOCERAHORORELLA
00000000000022120000000000000000010000001011110001010000001110200000000000001001
00010110021120000000102002000002201000000000000000000000000110000000026653

ACANTHOTRYPELLA
00000100000101020000000000000000010000000011010010010000000000000000000000000010
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00000000000000120000000000000000010000100011110010000000000000000100000100000010
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AMPLEXOPORA
100000000001010100000000000000000100001000100000011100300ooooooooooou00000000001
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1000000000000212000000000000000000100010001111000ioonuoooooooooooo00000000000000
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ANAPHRAGMA .
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ANISOTRYPA
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ANOHALOTOECHUS

84

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ANOLOTICHIA
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ARTHROPORA
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ASPIDOPORA
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ASPEROPORA
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ASTREPTODICTYA
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AIACTOPORA
oooooooooooo1oooooooooouoo01000030000000100000000ouoouuoooooooonooouoouonoooouoo
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ATACTOTOECHUS
00000001000101120000000000000000001000100011010001000000000000000000000000000010
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ATACTOPORELLA
10000000000100000000000000010000010000100010000000000000000000000101011000000000
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10000000000100000000000000000000010000000010000001000000000000000010001000001000
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BACTROPORA
00000100010010020000000002000000010100000010001101100000000000000000000000000000
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BADOGLIOPORA
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BALTICOPDRA
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BALTICOPORELLA
10000000000100120000000000000000010000100000000001110000000000000010000000000000

85

0000000001221000010110010100000011100000000001110000000000010000100000A4

OAIOSTOHA
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BATOSTOHELLA ' .
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BYTHOPORA
00000100000001020000000000000000010100000010000001100000022000000000000000001001
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CADORNIPORA
00000100000001000000000000010000010000110010000001010000000000000000001000000001
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CALACANTHOPORA
10000000000210000000000000000000010000101010000001000000020000000000000000000001
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CERAHELLA
01000010010010020000000010000100010100000000001001110010020000000000000000000000
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CERAHOPHYLLA

86

10000000010010000000000000010000010100000011001001010000010000000000000000001000
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CERAHOPORA
00000000000022010000000000000000000100010011110101011000001010002000000000000000
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CERAHOPORELLA
00000000010001000000003000000000010101000011000001010000001011000000000000001100
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CHEILOPORELLA
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CHEILOTRYPA -
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CHONDRAULUS
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COELOCLEMA
A10000000010010020000000000020000010100010011001101010000001010000000000000000000
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CONSTELLARIA
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CRASSALUNA
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87

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CREPIPORA .
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CYCLOPORA
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CYCLOTRYPA
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CYPHOTRYPA
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CYSTODICTYA
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DEKAYELLA
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DEKAVIA
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DIANULITES
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DICHOTRYPA

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DIPLOTRYPA
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DIPLOTRYPELLA
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OISCOTRYPA
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DYBOHSKIELLA
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EOSTENOPDRA
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ERIOOCAHPYLUS
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ERIDOPORA
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ERIOOTRYPA
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ESCHAROPORA
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EURYDICTYA
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89

FIHBRIAPORA
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FISTULIPORA
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GORTANIPORA
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GRAFTOOICTYA
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HALLOPORA
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——-O.-- _..

90

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HALLOPORINA
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HEHIOICTYA
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HEHIPACHYOICTYA
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HEHIPHRAGMA
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PERONOPORELLA
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PETIGOPORA
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PETALOTRYPA
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PETALOTRYPELLA
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PHAENOPORA
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PHYLLODICTYA A
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PINACOTRYPA
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PRASOPORA
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PRASOPORINA
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PRISHOPDRA
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PROAVELLA
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PTILOOICTYA
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PTILOTRYPA
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RHABDOMESDN .
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RHINIOICTYA
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RHINOPORA
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RHOHBOPORA ,
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RHOHBOTRYPA
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SAFFORDOTAXIS
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SENIOPORA
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SONNINOPORA
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SPATIOPORA
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STENOPHRAGHIOIUH
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STENOPORA
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STENOPORELLA
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STEREOTOECHUS
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STICTOPORA
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STICTOPORELLA
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STIGMATELLA
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99

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STREBLOTRYPA
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STREBLOTRYPELLA
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STROMATOTRYPA
10000000000000000000000000000000010000100011110101100000000000000000000000000001
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TABULIPORA .
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10000000000100020000000002202000011000100011000010010000000000000000000010000001
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10000000010100000000000000000009010001100011110001000000000000000000000000000001
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10000000000110000000000000100000010000100011110010000000000000000000000010000001
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00000000000111010000000000000000010000100111110001000000000000000000000000000011
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10000000000110000000000000000000010001100011000010110000000000000000000000000010
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00000001000101120000000010000000010000100011110001000000000000000000000011001001
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TRACHYTOECHUS
00000001000102120000000000000000010000100011110001000010000000000000000008000000
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TREHATOPORA
10000200000020000000000000010000010000000011110001010000000000000000000000001000
0000000021110100011100020000000000100000000000000000000000011001000000PH10

TRIGONOOICTYA

' ‘100

01000100010010020000000000000000010100000011100010110000000000000000000000000000
00000000001100000001001020001000101100000000000000000000000100001100000030
00100010100010020000110000000000010100000011001010110000000000000000000000000000
1110001001120000000100000001010000100000000000000000000000000001000020NT34

UNIDENTIFIED
00000100000100100000000000000000010100100011010001110000000000000000000000000001
1010011001220000000010001000000100100000000000000010000000000000000000R6
00000100110000000000000000000000010100100010000001010000000000000000000000000001
1010011001220000000010001000000100000000000000000100000000000000000001R7

APPENDIX IV

Arrangement of genera into 18 phena. Stratigraphic ranges compi1ed
from Bassler (1953), Astrova (1960), Larwood, et al., in Harland

(1967) and other publications.

 

101

ARRANGEHENT OF GENERA INTO 18 PHENA.

STRATIGRAPHIC RANGES COHRILEO FROM BASSLER(1953),

IN HARLAND (1967),ANO OTHER aURLICATIONS.

PHENON 1

STREBLOTRYPELLA

CERAHDPCRELLA

ACANTHOCERAHOPORELLA

CHEILOPCRELLA
ANAPHRAGMA
HALLOPORINA

STENOPHRAGHIDIUH

STENOPOPELLA
MICROCAHPYLUS
CERAMOPORA
CERAMOPHYLLA
TREMATOPORA
ATACTOPORA

PHENON 2
CREPIPORA
LEIOCLEHA
PAPILLUNARIA
STIGMATELLA

PHENON 3
ANOMALOTOECHUS
EOSTENOPORA
DEKAYELLA
LEPTOTRYPELLA
TRACHYTOECHUS
DEKAYIA
STROHATOTRYPA
MONOTRYPA
CALACANTHOPORA
PETIGOPORA

PHENON 4
STEREOTOECHUS
CHONDRAULUS
ORBIPORA

PHENON 5
TABULIPORA
STENOPORA
ERIDOCAMPYLUS

PHENON 6
ORBIGNYELLA
OIPLOTRYPA
DIANULITES
CYPHOTRYPA
ANISOTRYPA
RHOMBOTRYPA
OISCOTRYRA
ATACTOTOECHUS
HESOTRYPA

PHENON' 7

L.CAR9O
ORDO-SIL
M.OROO-U.OROO
OROO
ORDO
ORDO
CAPBO
MISS
M.OEV
OROO-OEV
OROO
OROO-DEV
ORDO

ORDO-SIL
ORDO-PERH
M.OROO-U.ORDO
OROO-OEV

M.OCV-U.OEV
H.OEV
OROO-SIL
OEV

H.OEV

OROO

‘ 0RDO

OROO-OEV
M.OEV
OROO

MoDEV'UonEV
M.OEV
OROO

DEV-FERN
CARBO-PERH
M.OEV

ORDD-SIL
ORDO-DEV
0RDO
OROO-OEV
MISS
ORDO-OEV
ORDO-OEV
DEV
OROO-SIL

ASTROVA(1960). LARHOOO,ET.AL.,

ERIOOTRYPA
ANOLOTICHIA
OIPLOTRYPELLA
AMPLEXOPORA
BATOSTOMA
ACANTHOTRYPELLA
LAMOTTOPDRA
BALTICOPORA
HEHIPHRAGHA
BALTICOPORELLA
GORTANIPORA

PHENON 8
PETALOTRYPA
LEPTOTRYPA
ESCHAROPORA
SPATIOPORA
PETALOTRYPELLA
CRASSALUNA

PHENON 9
MONOTRYPELLA
HOMOTRYPELLA
HOMOTRYPA
CYCLOPORA
BATOSTOMELLA

PHENON 10
LICHENALIA
PRISMDPCRA
CYSTODICTYA
OYBOHSKIELLA
COELOCLEMA
HENNIGOPORA
PINACDTRYPA

PHENON 11
ERIDOPORA
CYCLOTRYPA
FISTULIPORA
MEEKOPORA

PHENON 12
RHOMBOPORA
ORTHORORA
BADOGLIOPORA
NICKLESOPORA
NIKIFORCVELLA
CHEILOTRYPA
STICTOPORELLA

PHENON 13
CONSTELLARIA
HALLOPORA
LIOCLEMELLA

PHENON 14
PRASOPORINA
PRASOPORA

PERONOPORA
ASPIDOPORA

102

OROO-OEV
ORDO-SIL
OROO
ORDO-SIL
ORDO-SIL
OROO
ORDO
OROO
OROO
0RDO
OROO

OROO-CARBO
OROO-M.CAR90
OROO-CARRO
OROO-SIL

U.CROO

OROO-CARBO
OROO
OROO-SIL
DEV-MISS
OROO

SIL-DEV
DEV-PERM
DEV-PERM
PERM
OROO-SIL
SIL,

- DEV

DEV-PERM
SIL-FERN
OROO-PERM
SIL-RERN

ORDO-PERM
SIL-DEV

ORDO
CAROO-L.PERM
CARBO-L.PERM
U.OR90-PERH
OROO-OEV

OROO
ORDO-L.CARBO
OROO-SIL

OROO
OROO
ORDO
ORDO-SIL

 

ASPEROPORA
SONNINOPRA

PHENON 15
ATACTORDRELLA
PERONOPCRELLA
MONTICULIPORA
HETEROTRYPA

PHENON 16
SAFFOROOTAXIS
HETERODICTYA
SIREBLOTRYPA
PTILOOICTYA
ARTHROPORA
OYTHOPORA
ASTREPTODICTYA

PHENON 17
PHAENOPORA
CERAHELLA
INTRAPORA
RHABDOMESDN
GRAPTODICTYA

PHENON 18
RHINIDICTYA
PROAVELLA
BACTROPDRA
PHYLLODICTYA
EURYDICTYA
STICTOPORA
RHINOPORA
PTILOTRYPA
TRIGONOOICTYA
HEMIPACHYOICTYA
SEMIOPORA
FIMBRIAPORA
HEMIDICTYA

103

SIL-DEV
H.0ROO

OROO-SIL
OROO

ORDO-SIL
ORDO-SIL

MISS

ORDO-DEV
DEV-FERN
ORDO-DEV
ORDO

OROO-DEV
OROO-SIL

DROO-OEV
DEV
DEV
MISS-PERM
ORDO-SIL

DROO-SIL
0RDO
DEV-MISS
OROO
OROO
0°00

SIL

OROO

. OROO-SIL

ORDO-SIL
DEV

OR"O

 

bw-.~_ ’ -MMJ-O.- *‘__;‘_‘“_r

 

MICHI AN STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

Hll |||| llllHll

3 1293 03071 1943

min I