THE EFFECT OF FERNUZER RATE AND RATED ON
'E‘HE CGfiOSETEOé‘é 0!": ”ME LEAVES Am GRAN 0F
CORN GRC‘M‘é ON A KALAMAZOO
SAW}? LOAM 5335!.

Thesis For {:19 Degree {:5 M. S.
MICHKGAN SYATE UNIVERSITY

Ecfiwam‘i 32‘ Dowéy

£957

TH E8!‘

 
    
    

  

L I B R A It Y
Michigan State
University

THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZER RAT; A"4 RATIO CV TVE
COFPOSITICN CF TVE LEAVES AND GRAI” CF COR”

GROWN O-‘.T A VALATVJA‘ILZOU SANDY LON" SOIL

by

Edward H. Dowdy

A THESIS

Submitted to the College of Agriculture of Michigan 3+ tn

University of Agriculture and Applied Science

'in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the decree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE

Department of Soil Science

Year 1957

/"7«5fif
$43¢¢

TEE EFFECT OF FERTILIZER HATE VD RATIO 0“ TIE
COVPOSITION OF THE LEAVES AN? GRAIN C“ CCRW

GROWW ON A KALAHAJOO SAWUY LOA” SPIL

by

Edward R. Dowdy

AK ABSTRACT

Submitted to the College of Agriculture of kichigan State
University of Agriculture and Applied Science
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the dearee of

MASTER OF SCIEJCE
Department of Soil Science

Year 1957

 

-.'“-- -~.—r~*~v‘*: 4-—- a. A

ABSTRACT

Leaf and rrain samples of corn frown in a field experiment
located on a Kalamazoo sandy loam soil were analysed for nitro-
phosphorus, potassiun, rarnesiun, sodium, and calcium.

*9
.31 ,

The corn had been fertilized with fifty seven different combi-
nations and rates of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash.

The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of the
leaf were sianificantly affected by the respective amounts of
fertilizer nitrOgen, phosphoric acid, and potash. The nitrosen,
phosphorus, and potassium content of the grain was relatively
constant regardless of the rate of fertilizer used.

Nitroqen and potash fertilizers tended to increase corn
yields. The use of phosphorus fertilizers had little effect
on corn yields.

The followinr reversible relationships were found to be
significant at the indicated level of probability:

Leaves of low yieldinn corn were high in sodium and

magnesium. (53)

Leaves of high yielding corn were high in nitrogen. (1%)
An increase in the nitroeen content of the leaf was
associated with a decrease in the leaf's potassium con—

tent. (5})

Leaves with a high nitrogen content were low in sodi—

um. (1%)

f

 

IV“

Leaves with a Fish calcium content contained he larrest
percentages of sodium (5%) and maenesium (1%).

Leaves hirh in magnesium were tirh in phosphorus. (5?)

Leaves with either a high calcium or masnesium content
were low in potassium. (13)

An increase in the grain's nitrocen content was accom-
panied by a decr use in magnesium. (56)

Grain containing the most magnesium also contained the
most potassium, phosphorus, (55) and calcium (1%).

Leaves with hioh nitronen contents were associated with
grains of high nitrogen content. (53)

A negative correlation existed hetveen the marnesium

I

content of leaves and grain. (53)

AC1?“ C1"! L1 11)???" IE FTT

The author wishes to express his appreciation to Dr. L.
S. Rebertson under whose inspiration this investigation was

undertaken and for the unfailinr interest which he showed

throughout this project. ' m
He is greatly indebted to Dr. A. B. Sundquist of the l E

Agricultural Eccnomics Department for guidance in and faci-

i
litating the statistical analysis. é
He is also indebted to Dr. R. L. Cook and Dr. J. P. Davis J

for their patient guidance of his graduate pronram.
Fe expresses his gratitude to the fellow graduate students

of the Soil Science Department for their willing assistance

in this project.

 

ICIAETLM I“ 3
I. INTRCZJCTICT . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1
II. LITHHATJAJ KEICL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . '7
III. PAIniIrLS AID ilTTCJS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S

1. Field Plot Desirn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

9. IPIIII112“I' 0 O O 0 O 0 o o o o o o o o O o o E

 

r7 1 Li "
-'. 1.0 o‘“? o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ' .
f
r. 0 _-~ n h
‘2. U . -’.I.ns o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o F
n ‘ -. 0 I
«II‘. II'WIC'IJ. 1. 1.; I o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 10 i
L v *4"
1r; }-:..(‘..
‘0 WWII; A”. 'n." o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o 10
‘ ‘.' _ _ 'N .9 .
o. ~itro,ei octvrn.nntion . . . . . . . . . lfi
'— G . O ‘L.
c. :E<3,piru?1' L1 t lI‘L) .il‘n . . . . . . . . 1C
:1 0 .L. - l 0 -
\. o Ota 3 LIL "I I II' L U :- II' o o o o o o o o 11

e. Calcium rnl Sodium Determination . . . . 11
f. N fincsium Determinvtion . . . . . . . . II
II]. lILESII TS [III D DISCLICES :IIEK III-r O O 0 O O O O O O O O O O O 13

1. Grain Ccmquxritiou as Affectecziwr‘VnriOus units
LLIII; h'tIOS Of IICIItE.1i:-LAPS . o o o o o Q Q 17'

9. Relationships Ret:een ChemiCul Cowposition of
Grain and Corn Yield . . . . . . . . . . 16

f?

5. Inte ractions of wutrient Eleueits in Corn

fir-I'IIIL . o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o l

4. Leaf Com» 1.5:" by V-‘I"’Ls‘wuf Bet-cs:

(r0

e. Relationships detwe en Chemical Cozinositibn of
Lfifilf (“VI-LI CGI‘YW IJILCJ-Il o o o o o o o o o o o ?8

C .11
H

6. Interactions of Nutrient Elements in Corn Leaf

CPA9PER PAfiE

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' II I I! . I ' (I A -I ‘ I

517111: .I . I. ' _ - v.1:1 o o o o o o o o o o o o

S. lleld as Affected by Various Fertilizer Rates
and Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

1 O’T‘,’"‘”"\ 1
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4 3P3 T31’t1037h1? 33tW3¢n mn"fic3ium contents of
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15 The “filatiolrkij Hotwacw soflium and nitrogen con-
3 Of thC 1653?. o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 3’0

b TFC rclntlona nip mntxccn mrrncsium rnl phosphorus
+1 1650 J o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 55

 

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18 ”X? rel 3 . “-
contents of t“! 1: f. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

19 The so 9tionghip between calcium nvd marncwium
COHtCT‘I '5'". ("f the 16"?0 o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 7n

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91 The Pel*fifi"“%iy between t?* “itrocen cnntent

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__ _ * “5"?"

INTRODUCTION

The genetic composition of a plant species is related to
its chemical composition. Variations in environment, e.0. nu-
trient supply, may modify the chemical composition in such a
way that the quality or nrowtn
significartl; affected.

Vary investigations have teen designed to show the effect
of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers on plant

characteristics such as arcutl, color, maturity, and chemical

 

composition. Such studios have given variable results. They
indicate that variations in use of nitronen, phosphorus, and
potassium fertilizers may affect growth and chemical composi-
tion. The plant leaves and stems often vary greatly in chemi-
cal composition, depending on the fertilizer treatment. The

1

chemical composition of the leaf is frequently more indicative

of nutrient supply than the arain.

 

This study, a part of a nutrient level and balance pro-
Ject, was designed to deternine the effects of various levels
and ratios of fertilizer on the chemical composition of corn.
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of
Several widely varying combinations of nitrogen, phosphoric
aCid, and potash fertilizers on the yield of grain and the
nitrcWren, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and so-

dimn (:ontents of grain and leaves.

 

 

LITEHATUM'L Rh‘.7ll‘j'.’.'

Man has always been puzzled and awed by those surroundings
of nature which supplied him with food, fuel, and shelter. As
time passed, he investigated in great detail, his surroundings
and learned more concerning these natural phenomena. He learned iyafi“
to use this information for his own betterment.

As early as 1889, some wondered if it mirht be possible

to alter the chemical composition of corn by usina different
treatments of nitronen, phosphorus, or potassium. Several
investigators (5, l“, 19, “C, 91, 96) found that nitrocen used
alone increased the nitrocen content of either the corn leaf,
grain, sap, or a combination of these plant parts.

Other investigators (11, ?l, 96, 30, 3?) demonstrated that
potassium fertilizer used alone increased the potassium content
of the corn leaf. They noted also that potassium fertilization
resulted in a reduced calcium and mapnesium content of the plant.
From field experimental plots located on nonproductive soils,
Stanford, g§_3l_(??) showed that the addition of potassium
repressed the plants' uptake of calcium and magnesium. Boswell
and Parks (6), in a field experiment, found that the phosphorus
COhtent of the prain was unaffected by different levels of po-
taSSium fertilization. Accordina to their experimental data,

thetlse of 75 pounds of K70 per acre cave significant yield

7' 1 ‘
incre:ases. Rates aoove this reduced the corn yield.

Uitronen fertilizers, when supplemented with phosphates,
affect neither tle nitrocer nor the phosptorus content of corn

Erain, according to JaCOb and Gottwick (9). Lowry, et a1 (15)

 

found an increased calcium content in the plant sap when nityo-
gerifertilizers were supplemented with phosphates. They found
tfliat the combination of nitroren and potash resulted in a de.

creased calcium content of the plant sap.

 

i
Vandecaveye (99), in a summarizaticn of the literature :
prior to 1940, reported that only the late or very large ap- !
plications of nitrocen affected the composition of the grain. a
(30mplete fertilizers cave irreaular results, althouwh in a :
substantial number of cases, the fertilizer treatments produced
xfirain with an increased content of nitronen or phosphorus or
b<3th. Kling (10) reported that complete fertilizers had no
£Bi§nfliflcant effect on the nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium
c<>ntent of the crain, but increasing amounts of nitroren pro-

dllced green corn with a high nitrogen content. Weeks, et a1

 

(150), from a field experiment, reported that fertilizer treat-

ments affected the amount of calcium, potassium, phosphorus,

 

arnj magnesium and to a lesser extent the nitrogen content of
the grain. Other investigators (11, ?O, 91, 51) did not find.
a1"1‘yconsistent differences in the grain composition resultina
'rI‘om phosphorus or potassium fertilizer applications. Munsell
‘afhd Brown (14) reported that the phosphorus and calcium contents
()f‘ the leaf and drain were not increased with increasing rates
of fertilization. From their field studies they noted a decrease
111 the calcium to potassium ratio and the maynesium to potas—

a“111m ratio with each increase in applied potassium fertilizer.

 

 

Stubblefield and Deturk (?3) observed that seeds had a
Inore constant chemical composition than leaves. They indicated
that the composition of the leaf can be expected to be variable
since it represents the minerals left over in the plant after
tflie seeds have formed. They also noted that weather conditions
exxrt a profound influence upon the yield and chemical compo-
sition of corn grown on a given plot from year to year.

Lawton and Browning (1?), from their field study of how
different methods of tillare affect the mineral composition of
corn, Observed a higher percentare of potassium in plants grown
on plots that were plowed than in plants grown on plots which
were tilled by other means. They reported that applications
(If fertilizers usually decreased the nitrogen content of the
plant.

Beeson (3) analyzed corn grain grown on different New York
3<>ils for the mineral composition of the grain and found some
vwidely variable data. The sodium content ranged from .1?5N
t<3 .001% with an average of .04dfi. The potassium content ranned
ifIMom .9?5 to .??£ with an average of .40fi. The calcium content
Vlirfied from .045% to .006$ with an average of .0105. The mag-
nflsium content varied from .275 to .093 with an averarc of .164.
'P}We phosphorus content ranged from .803 to .933 with an averace
(Df‘ .45}. The averages presented were for the total number of

at'urnples analyzed. for each of the specified elements.

NATERIALS AVD METFODS

The samples analyzed in this study were obtained from the
nutrient level and balance plots on the John Campbell farm. (17)
The soil on this farm was mapped as halamazoo sandy loam. (1)
This is one of the more droughty agricultural soils of Southern
Michigan.

Field Plot Design

One hundred forty plots, measurin? 14 by 50 feet, were
planted to corn in 1950. These plots were arranred in a ran-
domized block design. Sixty-two of the 140 plots were selected
to be sampled for chemical analysis. This selection included
six ”no fertilizer" plots. A minimum of nine plots, which rep-
resented one level of a given nutrient, were sampled. The
field key to the levels and the pounds of fertilizer nutrients
applied per acre for each plot sampled is shown in Table l.

Fertilizer

The fertilizer Carriers of the three major plant nutrients
were ammonium nitrate (35.5% N.), superphosphate (45} P905),
and potassium chloride (605 K20). The soil had recently been
limed to pH of 5.9 to 6.5.

The nitrogen and potassium fertilizer was broadcast on the
iplots prior to plowing. If the plot was to receive more than
fOrty pounds of P905 per acre, the amount of P¢05 over forty
EHDunds was broadcast prior to plowing. Therefore, all of the

r11trOgen and potassium and the amount of P¢05 over forty pounds

 

 

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Treatment kex

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TABLE

I

APPLIED FEHTLLIZEH HJTRIENTS

Pounds per acre
P205

0
40
160
430
0
4O
4O
40
BO
160
160
390
480
480
480
40
4O
80
80
80
80
320
320
320

40
4O
4O
30
80
160
160
160
160
5?0
590
480
40

80
160

240
20

?O
940
160

940

40'

?O
80
240

160
?O
40
80

240
20
80

240
80
20
80

?4O
40

160

20
80
940

160
20
40

160
40
4O

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., .

 

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TABLE I "continued"

 

Pounds per acre
N P205
160 520
160 320
160 520
160 480
160 480
940 O
940 40
Q40 80
940 160
?40 160
240 160
?40 480
?40 480
?40 480
940 480
940 480

K20

20
16
?4O

40
160
Q40

80
160

?O

80
240

Q0
80
160
940

 

 

per acre was plowed down. Forty pounds of P005 per acre was
used as a starter fertilizer on all plots except the "no Fer-
tilizer" plots. One half was placed in a band two inches belor
and two inches to the side of the seed, and the other half in

a band two inches to the ride and six inches below the seed.

The seed bed was prepared by plowin: wit} a rotating spade

tiller trailed behind the plow. Certified Michigan ?50 corn F—"i
seed was planted imm,diately after plowing. E :1
Leather 1
The growing season for corn (April through September) was % 7‘
not normal in 1956 as is shown in Figures 1 and ?. These data 5 i

were obtained frOm tte Battle Creek, Michigan airport weather
bureau. (97, 90) April and July were wetter than average in

1956 but the other months were drier than everane. September,

1956 was very dry in comparison with the twenty year averape.

\

quie total rainfall for these six months in 19F6 was 9.8 inches

0

\

ILower tran for the twenty year averave. June, 195m was 9.40 F.
vvarmer than the twenty year average. July, 1956 was 1.90 F.
(zooler than the twenty year average. The temperature differ-
ennces for the other months were small.

Smnple 3

Leaf samples consisting of ten basal ear leaves per plot

 

“Wsre taken on August 13, 1956. The leaf, at the base of the
°EKP, was sampled because it is considered to be representative
Of‘ the chemiCal status in the plant at sampling time. (93)
'Pc>ldination was complete and seeds had started to form at the
t31rne of sampling. The samples were ardund and stored in card-

be51rd containers until the analyses were made.

 

 

‘.

 

1C.

The grain samples were ohtsined at harvest time. Tventy
ears were taken from each plot. These were dried and then
shelled. Subsmmplss were taken from the shelled corn. The?

were ‘round and stored in glass bottles until the snsly es were

I

Chvricnl Annlrsis of smples:

('(

Wet Asking;
The plant tie we sample: were wet asked wit? certain mod-
-rications of the nitric acid - perchloric acid method described

\

o; Piper. (13) A two cred saxple on material We: sshed. The

 

residue was taken up to voluwe (fiity milliliter) in 0.1 H.
hydrochloric acid. This solution was filtered through Wis man
# 4? filter aster into a clean class Hottle and stored is a
stock solution.
, FitrOFefi LaterWinstion
The nitrofien content was deter ined by the stlcshl pro-
cedure wit? certuin modifications of tte method described by

Pierce and Haenisch. (15) The nitrogen determinations were

made prior to ’67 a: nutmvr's study.

 

Phosphorus Determination
The phosphorus Content was determined by the an,0fil1fl
;olybd~te matted. one milliliter of the stock solution was
placed in a fifty milliliter volumetric flask and diluted to
VOlume 0.5N. hydrochloric acid. Ten milliliters of this solu-
tion was then placed in s Colensn colorimctcr tube. Six drops

of ammonium molytdete reagent and six drops of Fiske-Sutsrrow

(8) rearent were sided " 2 the contnrts of the colorinrfer

 

tulr wag _hqken ttOPOJrhly. After standinc twenty rinutes,

the transnittancy o? tre coliticns rm: mfi~curu’ w ’nv A rrd

h

Filter (050 mu) on the Coleman Universal opectrOQhotometer

lodel 14. These readings were compared to those Ch 3 previous-

-‘

‘ W ,3 a ‘ I v
1y developeri {steam rd cuch.

otnscium btthTifldtiUH

C 1 ,

4-,. a.“ .--. v7. -0..- w n .. a _
quI‘JiHFui be \,.§ LelqllJ—LJJiar Llnmue :nuvto-

‘I

1‘ 7") fl {1: 1' C11 1% P C". {‘3 :17

i
L r
. )
"S
Q
_.J
1
l-"
fl
‘3
’T .
P
(0
F.
:5
i}
O
',._-J
r"
L-«b
LJ.
0
(—1-
fl.
J
H)
(‘1‘
(D.
j
"1
c1-

 

“ r . n r‘i- A; ,7 . . ‘- .‘ ~.-. -« . - s 4 1 a - ...!.A
Juth, ct ul. (r5) 1pc otOCK roliti i New oanr d xiructlj ittu
tip fl"”" n‘ 0111‘“ ' til‘ ‘— f' I’m 1.1“ L'C . ‘ ., ‘fi‘ 3. 33’? 1’77! ' Ln” ‘—

 

r;; -¢va 5—- - i .-
.

arda of known notassium content.
Calcium and Sodium Determination
Calcium and sodium contents were interninei on the 7rrki n
“pectrpfihottmeter Yodel h' wit“ n flnfie 7ttacbmcnt. The “end-
inns obtained were con ~rc“ tv those on standards of known

.
n- : .‘

Calcium and sodiuw contents. The cl m ct: vcrw 'Oq dc

tirflinaf

simultaneously. In each case the stock solution V23 poured
(iircctly into tie cup and than flaccd in the fl'mc. Tte spect-
IVDphotometcr was iijustcd as Siown in Table II.

Lzrnaoiux Determination

Eagnesium was determined by the method described by Bros—

4 -.
uf)ff and he rp 33. (7)

 

TABLE II

ADJUSTMENTS OF THE BROKE-{AN SPECTROPFOTO‘V'ET’BR
FOR THE DETERMINATION OF‘ CALCIUM A‘TD SODIUM

‘r

  

Ca. Na.

‘Vave length (mu) 49?.7 589.25

fi—fi' Tl- m:..—._-_ ___“
l

Phototube filter Blue Blue _;3
Phototube resistor 2. 9.
Phototube selector 0.1 0.1
3111: width .01 .01
Photomultiplier sensitivity Full Full
1. 1.

Ph otomultiplier zero de pre 3 sion

 

 

RTSJLTS "oi DISCUSSION

1

Grain 00mpoeition rs Affected by Various dates and Ratios

of Fertilizers

T‘r

on corn frein had a relatively constant chemical corpo-

eition as shown by Table Ill. It did not reflect laroe ii?-

fame
ferencee cousc‘ by various fertilizer trentdente. E
Nitronen fertilizer: frequently increase the nitrOfieo f
content of corn grain. This was not the case in this study, {
Th” plants ”P38T9nt13 were able to obtain sufficient nitroecn [ g"

from the soil to produce rrain with a relstively constant ni~
trooen content. In this experiment, the corn followed clover
- alfalfa bay. The nitrogen content of the nrsin varied be-
tween 1.15 and 1.87 percent, and evereoed 1.55 percent. The
hich percentage in grain was produced on a plot which received
forty pounds of nitrooen per acre. The low percentaoe in
grain Was produced on a plot which did not receive nitroren
Fertilizer. One plot which r ceived 040 pounds of nitrowen
per acre produced train containing 1.98 percent nitrooen.

The phosphorus content of the grain was not sipnificently
effected by the various rates of phos*?orus fertilizers. The
gfliosphorus cmnwtent of tir: grain averwxfixi .?l peimxnwt and
ranged between .15 and .98 percent. Beeson reported corn of
a hither percent phosphorus content (5). Two plots, one of
which received 480 pounds of phosphoric acid per acre and
another which received 80 pounds, produced o ain with the

same phosphorus content.

 

TA ‘ L73 II I

T73 EFFECT CT FEATILILEAS CT T": C'“ I7AL CC TCSITICU 0" 0032
7R£.I‘
Pounds Fertilizer yer Acre 1-rcent (oven dry 'Ii"ht)
1; Pp 05 K20 r K Ca In
0 0 0 1.57 .75 .55 .19 ./(0 .007
0 40 70 1.15 .18 .5! .19 000 .000
0 150 00 1.50 .17 .5 .1” .005 .000
0 400 740 1.57 .19 .55 .18 .011 .009
20 0 70 1.45 .17 .57 .15 .000 .010
90 4C 0 1.55 .75 .57 .19 .010 .009
70 40 70 1.51 .13 .50 .70 .000 .010
Q 40 740 1.51 .75 .55 .17 .010 .011
90 80 1C01.75 .07 .55 .10 .008 .007
00 170 7C .5' .19 .50 .17 .000 .007
?O 160 740 1.71 .17 .75 .19 .004 .000
90 320 4C 1.53 .17 .55 .16 .007 .007
70 480 90 1.67 .75 .75 .18 .005 .007
?O 480 30 1.78 .78 .55 .19 .000 .000
?O 470 730 1.07 .70 .56 .70 .009 .011
40 40 40 1.77 .19 .71 .15 .006 .008
40 40 130 1.55 75 .50 .15 .005 .00C
40 ”0 70 1.8' .74 .50 .15 .007 .007
4 3) C0 1.71 .71 .50 .15 .007 .008
40 no 30 1.4a .ov .5o .°5 .005 .C10
40 00 740 1.77 .75 .70 .10 .005 .009
4' 570 70 1.45 .75 .50 .15 006 .010
40 570 80 .59 .75 .50 .70 .005 .011
40 590 740 1.75 .75 .5) .78 .000 .011
80 0 00 1.0 .75 .55 .18 .010 .010
CC 4 70 . .15 .55 .78 .009 .005
0 QC 50 . . 7 40 .75 .000 .011
00 40 940 . . .0 .50 .74 .005 .010
80 80 40 . .15 .55 .70 .015 .008
80 CO 160 o 013) 007 093 0000 .C’C7
BO 160 0.18 .39 .15 .CC& .OCB
80 130 70 .16 .58 .55 .007 .009
80 160 00 .70 41 .75 .005 .007
C 7&0 .19 .55 .75 .010 .007

80
SO
80
160
160
160
160
160

150
770

1.: O
160
70
40
10 0
40
40
70

. . . . . . C O. . ‘
(’165CDQQ03QUNQCN .QCV'C1113thC'Ifiw
(”(000)019OHFI-*®HOOU7'I>;\LJUL\73

FHJFJFHJFJFHAFJPHJFJFHJFJFHJ

.17

.008
.008
.010
.010
.003
.000

hhfi
ob“

.010

‘ A -' ".1 -h“m—x‘.._. .-i-.....____..__

_ .1

’21“
g

 

I?
h‘

160
160
160
160
940
940
940
940
940
940
940
”>40
040

"C
“O
,3

031

#30103
3
CO

L)

100

r" ‘V‘A‘YT‘
LAuuu

ht
\

3
O

"O H

P4 a»:
) ;' “,4 45 ,f‘. ':
C)(')O()C)C)OOC)C)OOC)

In) ‘

‘ f)
I 1) D C,

r
H—e

3

«DH
."x 4:)

\ o
v

1.59
1.07
1.7?
1.18
1,33
1.75
1.‘37

1.54

III "continued"

0 0
*1)
3

o
3 .‘D ‘~') “3

g 0 O
3010

O
OHH ‘DH 3
.‘"|#tod%$cods

o L“

O
.15
.10
.10

.f’o
.0?

. (
'T'
.4-U
.95
(‘0
0' ,
L"
. u.

(3

.CF?
.007
.006
.CC?
.011
.CCJ
.009
.009
.CFV
.009

0C?
.CCQ
.011

””0

.009

‘V
‘ul

e

.000
.011
.009
.007
.009

rvw
. ‘k; ‘

.007
.C11

.0?9
nrw-y
.T(“
.310
.C(?
.008

'1

Hm“ __.A‘u—_
—_—

 

FA
.

Wo aofnrsnt correlstion w~s notei in retard ”o i’e amount
09 potqsfi Fertilizer used nni the brain's Potassiaw content.
The grain's potassium content ve‘isd between .91 end .4” per—

cent with an averare of .5” percent. The wrain containing

.“1 ysrccnt potnssldm w-s grown on a plot wtich pcggivcd forty
pounds of potash per acre, whereas, the Fishest testing grain

had not received potash fertilizer.

Relationships Between Chenicsl Composition of Grain nod Corn
Yield

A statistical onrlysis of tie into in Table III suqqestg
several correlations. These are simmerized in Table IV. The
coefficient 0? multiple correlation, +.47?, is sirnificant
at the 1% level of probability. This correlation coefficient
relates yiel‘ as the dependent Vsriahle to tte nitro~en, thos-
ntorus, potassiufl, “wincsium, colciun, and sodium content of
the orsin.

Fifures 3 and 4 show the significant relationships be-

tween tte grain's nitrogen and marnesium content to yield.

('1'

The straight line in each figure represents a line 0? be:
tit for the flats or a line which winimizes the aim of squsrsj
deviations from regression.

Dish yields were associated with grain that had a hiflh
nitroqen content. The tighest yielding plot produced grain
containing 1.05 fiercent nitroren. The lowest yielding plot
produced crain containing 1.51 :crcent nitrOgen. The posi-
tive correlation between yield snd the r'r..-i'°u_n':‘-J nitrOgen con-
tent, rs-+.510, is significant at the lfi level of probsbility

(Fir. 13).

3

-‘Lu

L‘s—.n um

~.~.". 3".‘3 Glue CH4".-

y

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17.
TABLE IV
COHMELATIC".' CO i‘l’l’CIEITo 3.4T SR} ' ETIELD, IiI'i‘HOTE-T,
P’CSP”CXJS, .C’ASGIUI, Slum, CALCIUM, LTD so-
“IUI‘I‘. CC T137433 LI CORNY THAI?"

L B K Mg; Ca Jae Kiel
N 1' '056 ”.160 “0254* “-100 .010 .510%a
P .036 1. .29?* .058 .155 -.058 -.03?
K -.160 .99?* 1. .?89* .309%% .004 -.205
Mg “o?54* .058 .989* l. .071 “.118 _.95¢*
Ca. -0100 0135 0309*’* .071 1. .100 “.045
na .010 -.038 .004 -.118 .100 l. .119
** Significant at the 1% level of prdbability
* Significant at the 5% level of probability

 

 

  
 

 

17.

Tifih Yields werv associated with brain of a low ma"?esiln
content. Tie Vifihest yielding plot produced yrsin cortiiniré
.10 percent magnesium. The grain frow the lowest yielding

plot contained .15 percent mannesium. The negative corral tian

(Q

P: - 95 13

‘uvtoeen yield and tte Titdfflzz.ma§ncniun content . ,

0 1- ‘ "I ,4 -1 \- C o 7 o
sirniflcnnt at t:e I; level 01 PruJedlllty (#1Q- 4)-

Therc were no significant correlstifin oetvsen nrain yields -' l

14- -‘-J

and percentages of rhosfilorus, potassiur, C“1cium, and sodium.
Interactionn o? T'11trient Eleflents in Corn Grain H

There were u Vnw sivnificnnt rel tionshins within the u I

L l‘
'5‘

9

corn rrnin percentsfies o? nitroden, phosphorus, potassiur

2

magnesium, Calcium, find 3 dium. Tlev are shown in Finures

E throuxh 8.
Groin with q relativcly high nitroven content *9} v low

‘

E‘ v .,.‘ ...°. - 1 1.0 .__ 1- .
.‘o plii.; nltL; tLC :uL-hcsi.rll-

id‘fihCSlufi content (319. e).
tragen content (1.3 percent) had a low magnesium content (.13
percent). The negative correlation between the grain's ni-

trogen and magnesium, r: -.?54, is significant at the 5; level

of probability.

Tip. 6 shows tie relationship between the yrsin's per-

centnfics of phosphorus and potassium. The mrnin with the

 

lowest piisphorus content (.13 percent) woo very low in po-

t~ssiuw (l.00 {crcent). The positive correlation hetveen

w- - a-.- i w a. °,. “n0 .- N n -» Ll
.3 osplvl I: and LMHUinSIIH5 1?: +. :r’, is siiiiilicani,cw, toe

evel of probability.

90,

 

 

?1.

._ ..!-!.- 7,. ,-. ‘7? . -_. - Le ‘- I-.. - 1. , '~
:CSILL‘M‘. Jaelailcoris. L. :01, -..*;.-,.‘e‘u 1:Cl{'~‘;b)l_l' '21:;

correlvtiOn hethmn 17? frnin's potzssium 'nd mnfncsiun c01-

." 7? rn~~k31i+

y.»
5—“
:3
H
r o
C
e.
(-5.
I
I.

L.
H
(t
F.

tent, I’: +003“,

“3
JD
H‘
#4
(W
O
(‘1'
r
1
*J
,.
J.
P— o
:0-
J
.J
.2
H
(J
I
)
r
O
I
F4
O
H.
J

1.
in
[—1.
r.
-h
.r
(‘4
O
{Wm-a-iv_.‘- ilfl’Jfl-I. _ .
“a ..

\ - A ,. ‘ .. -- - -- -. - - . ., . V ' 1 h
(.00? percent; are very low in notnssilm (."p percent). TE:

tenitive e rrelqtion tntueen t3

'3
,u
’ l)
1.).

*rnin's calcium end pot:s

. I
finant at tin 11 level of ordi-

7 \
J

..J

1'".

1

be StatioLiC$l anulvffis avowefl there Lff w? relfitinwxii"

b tween nitrocen and pFosghorus, gm ;t.wassium, cwleiuw,

dium content. Likewise tte rinin'e pio snh :ris content we 3

not Sign fieantly correlstfic with fidpnesium, calcium, or $1-
dium, and potassium and sodium percentages were not signifi—
cantly related. Further there were no significant correlations

between magneszum, calcium, 1.ni sodium.

Leaf Composition as Affected by Various Rates and Ratios
of Fertilizers

The data in Table V show that 13¢? tissue varied more in

 

Ciflmlc 1 CO 'J‘ltl 75 EffJC tfil Ry fertiliZer, Zh"fi flifl ”Fiji.
The effect that the differert 1e els of nitroeen fertili.

”A D

.. 'l

_ 1 . - ... : - .. . . .' 1 T" fl fh'v - . .
1.¢n (r: prxwiewdr1ges n.11‘operw is. 11m) .11 r1» . a. ‘r-; coin“—

eletion coePTicient Between the amount of nitromen Fertilizer
applied and the percent nitrogen in ire leaf, r= +.SG4, is

e V f . ,
31:.11 ic:2nt at tan 1m level of probability. The Mitrocen con-

tent v-ried from 1.R5 to 3.15 percent with 0: average of “.RT

 

CT anTILi:ZMQ C: TVE CCZ.ICAL C‘,TCSITIC” f; CCd?
LISA?
Fertilizer pry Acre Percent (oven dr; weight)

ITO: K20 11 P Ii Idg Ce 3%;
O O ?.~5 . 5 1.51 o4u .n7 01F
40 CO ¢,15 .10 1.69 .51 1.Cl .ClC
130 SC 1.85 .11 2.25 .35 .01 Cl“
450 040 16.1h .14 9.30 .CG .uo CC1
C QC h.55 .13 1.05 .41 .75 .klU
40 O 9.70 .15 1.9C .C: .56 ClC
40 CC 9.3C’ .13 1J7“) .20 .{Ni ((I
40 CéO 9.:C .1” 0.5: 01 .3? .CLC
3C 13C 0.‘3: .1? 9.3 . r: .75 .01C
150 CC b.34 .17 b.1) .34 .69 010
130 40 C. 4 .13 0.4» .6? .75 .007
300 40 0.30 .13 l.-C .‘3 .94 .010
430 ?C 9.66 .00 1.0 .6C .91 .CCQ
430 70 ?_4 .ng fi.CC .h7 .71 C11
430 n40 9.14 .C4 0.96 .35 .33 010
4C 4 0.713 l- 1.7e .54 .94 .010
4C 150 ?.EC .lJ n.377. .C3 .33 .0"?
3C ?0 0.38 .17 1.07 .31 .95 .011
V0 40 9.50 .13 1.09 .45 .93 .008
CC 90 0.5h .13 1.5n .00 .VC .CCQ
C, C40 0.91 .CO 1.04 .CS .C .011
300 CC’ 0.931 .03 “.13 .05 .CC .CC?
5°C AC 0.US .63 1.55 .43 .73 .CC7
500 040 0.11 .OC 1.90 .fig .67 .CCB
O 8 C.95 .CC 1.73 .43 .CC .ClC
40 ¢Q 0.0‘ .fl" 1.4 '0 .17 .CCn
40 PC “.07 .Cé 1.75 .53 .95 .CCG
CC CfiC ¢.33 .?5 1.3% .34 .73 .CCQ
CC 5 “.65 .00 1.75 .3C .73 .C07
QC 10C 0.1233 .Ch ?.14 .b5 .0? .CC7
1.30 O 90’ 5 .01 1.08 .85 obi: .CC3
160 00 n{-9 .64 l.§5 .41 .C4 .ClC
ICC 'O 9.34 .O5 1.73 .3“ .7 .513
19C LO 0.Q9 .60 ”.13 .n5 .:7 .CCC
3C0 Q. 9.45 .CG 1.43 .33 .CC .CC“
5“: 160 9.3? .Cé 1.9‘5 .35 .H9 .003
480 9O 9.59 .CC .39 . 7 l.C .C11
40 4C 9.6} .19 1.59 .08 .9“ .006
40 l C $.34 .17 1.34 .?5 .71 COG
CC QC 5.00 . 3 l.C3 .43 .CC .C14
"0 4C 0.44 .11 1.13 .56 1.65 C11
390 9! 6.73 .19 1.60 .31 l.CC .CCG

'9

x O .‘iu.../.uo “4".iil‘L

a-.. m: V 7 r \ 3 7. en, 4 5 A. 4 .r/ m-

I. 1" C C C .. _ C r. C. C, C .4. C C A...
r , \,Chxn\n,n Av r.-..r-..Cr....CC

O 0

‘z
.— r‘
/
.' -J
0
n
\
..
.J

C 73..-... 45%,. n;

O I O O

l
«L C 5... 5 an 3,. C l r». 7.-. 8 .g C 3
"a a n a. 7. C r“ n. 3 5 n 4 3
o . o O o o o o o o o o o o o

GlCln/lx.75143.70
aJw/uflnurx.... ".len/norkm
I O C O O C 0 O I O O O O O C
r n 9» ~90...n...n. Caryn/Chm. a,

. CCCC CCCCCCCCCCC
A. «3.2.7.1.... .. ...._ ..... ”U. h H a”. fit A . n, ./..
b“ q|.nh win; 1 . 10
5 C C F C C O C C C C a-.. C C C C
,.r\ n A . . In 7-.." AU. 0 r... a... ”(A h”. m...
n P“ nu . .1; .14....14. #1... .11 A...
r...

C_Au.,. ru PqCCCFCOC CC
. . .u u. A... A. t; A. 5:11.. 1.. 4.1..

111 «Lb h, 0, A“ fi..h/h/.hflf fi/ 6..

percent. Tke leaf sample cortainiw; 7.15 garccht nitrogen wvr
taken from :3. [llOt ‘.‘.“-:'-L'LC‘H i't'2Cc127Vt“, 7310 LWIIIM-‘Ifi a f '1':'.‘.t]‘C:"_t"2 3&1"
:cre. A {lot ufiich rcccivci no witroren yrofluccfi the leaf con-
taining .533 percent Yflinfflfin.

TI¢;|:vt:. in Ii ‘. 1C 51 on tflunt {it} ybcmqfiwcrui; contXErt CM”
the leaf was fiircctly proportional to t3: rrcufit of pfiospicric

acid qpoliefl. The correlation be nccc rroliel $honvygpic qcsg

6v

 

ard the phosphorus cortcnt UL tie 1~:F r: +.447, Is sirnif-

icnnt 2t tre lo 1th1 of "“o: Ecru? content va—

H
C)
«J
\.
LI
J
. -.
F-J
‘0
CF
(- J
.
p...-

p3
PJ.
,3
O
5
*3
D
.3
O
‘L_J
H
(-4?-
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o
,.
9
*3
'3
u,
\
‘t‘
d.
_+-
‘J
3
’1
‘
VJ

‘r'l “ ’1 "‘

..e «f .1J yurccnt. ,
I" A, ‘ ll"- '3‘ . ’ ‘."‘ 1‘ . .fi ' 1" ' a , ' '" ,‘ ‘7‘ I' .-‘ " “ ‘-' V ' .. J

The ]_<‘:3_y_ 353.1%ch “Hip! Cut pair-1T1; 0!." [Win-'7 ,v (“'1")? l3 "“115 Lr‘“

taken from a plot which hafi receiveo 490 ponwflr of crospror c

,3
5

acid re acre. Two plots which received 60 pounce per acre
produced leaf sample: containin: .11 percent phospho*zs.
Increasinm ircremects of ,ot a? "crtilizer increased the
potassium content of corn leaf (Pi . 11). The correlatiOA
coefficient tstween applicd potnst 1nd the percent potassiun

in the leaf, r: +aGCC, 1s SifWifiCant at the 15 level of prob-

ability. Potassiim varied from .99 to 9.43 porccnt with on

P1,]

averare of 1.76 gorcent. The lewf 'amplc which contained 0.4

’

percent potassium was produced on a plot wbich receive: 940
pounds of potash yer acre. A let which receivefl 9O pounfs

of potash per acre produced the leaP c~mple cootaininr .93

percent potnfitldm.

96,

 

 

 

a Qlo

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9i.

Relationshlgu 3etueen Chemical Comgositivn of Lerf and Corn
iield

The data in Tools VI summarizes the relationships found
in 9 statistical :nulgsie o? the data clown in Table V. The
coefficient of multiple correlation, +.419, is sirnificant
at the 13 level of probability. This correlation coefficient
relate: yield as tne depenTent Variable to the percentages of
nitrogen, phosphorus, yotncsium, mufiresium, calcium, and so-
dium.

Corn wtigh had leaves with a iioh nitrocen content yielded
more than corn with leave: of n low nitro“ch content. The
lirhe t yielliri plot produced lervcs containing 3.15 percent
nitrorcn while t?c lowect yielding plot groduced leaves con-
taining 9.34 percent nitrogen. The positive correlwticn be-
tween yield and the leaf's nitroipn content, r: +.415, is

significant at the 1p level of probability. This re ntionghip

s1

is SHOWN ‘

-1, ll I i7.;° 10 0

Corn LTIci hid lc;Vc: with A high sodium content

H
('0
Li
(a
(1'
'_ V'
3
)
O
U
y.—
.1.
'-
J4

V , , ,n 1 .. r 3.0 .3. .,.L n a. .‘.
.. .11. 11"”:33 -..l '.-: .LO‘w -.0<._:ium COIILCAU Tiff; pl ‘3'-

(‘a
C+

plot groducei loavew containing .004 percent so-

dium whilc the lowest yielding plot produced leaves containing

.006 percent sodium. The negative correlatiOn between yield

and the leafi's sodium content, r= -.934, is significant at

the 5: level of probability. Fig. 13 shows this relationship.
Tlcrc were no sifirificant relationships between yield

and percentage: of proephorus, potase um, magnesium, or col—

cium.

 

TABLE VI

‘7‘?)
v o

Pitf-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

coanatiizcu COEfiFICIEYTS diTfiEEJ YIELD, NITRCGEH, s-
PTUHUS, POTASSIUR, MAGNESIUK, CALCIUM, gnu SODIUL cc;-
TEYTS CF 003? LEAF
IL L IL v Jtig ‘ 93 J1a_ Y ’
P .108 1. -.903 .?31* .054 ltlss -.040
E -,919* -.903 1. -.806*fi _:.667*% -.1'7.5~ -.018
Eg .082 .231* -.806** 1. .817** .190 -.051
ca -.017 .034 -.667*w .817*% 1. .900* -.134
:‘a c.337';?'X:L-.153 -0172 .190 .?90* 10 -0254")?
*% Significant at the 1% level of prObability
* significant at the 55 level of probability

 

M .. :w- r
i, 0 & .-. 11.4 1‘s _
I
.7".
J

50.

 

 

 

T . . ‘
interactflrnns«o‘ nutryc1d31ble.c*f: in Cruni Leaf
An inverse rel-tionsli 0 w: Toun‘ ‘2" tween Th?) "L" TOW”
O ”- ‘
"pf: 2‘;th (15‘s ill-1'1 :7" I" T‘t’Tlt-fi‘rla 1; L71 {:5 1'3 - 'n? (J :1;- 3:) 0 (11"(3 16" P

v l‘i Cl: 3 {ll

3', a‘l’l‘f‘. 6‘.

had a below avernte sotrr

. ‘ ‘1‘ . \‘~ ‘ I‘"-
rnmy e vUiLu r.o L

'o a low nitr

negative correletl

the hivhcet nitrocen content

on between ,ercentpges

.-.- A
Lmritcnt Cd

3t thFRCllL

-.-’(‘ .-. -
oven contatt \.,CK vaCCHt)-

\J

pm

Kail-

 

Of UltTO” and

i

tassium, r= -.ClE, is significant at the 55 level of probabilitg. !
:15. 13 along the inverts P“19*30W5 19. r: "'53 (13): L ’
noted between nitr05en aid eodiu . The mangle with the lowcet ngj

d?
30

nitrogen con. tent (l .

(.Cl4 percent).

9.

A Qirect T 14

.
v

. ‘ ~ i q I‘ Q
murncsiun. Toe 3115i L1

tent (.36 gercent) was i
correlation, r= f.°3l, 1:
ahility (Pip. 16).

A statistically ii

’ ..A
V

between got usium end

neeium (.99
I
significant at the le

V

Corn leaves with a :

ci.un COAfXWTt (P343. 19).
(?.45 percent) were telow
The negative correlation,

level 0? probability°

percent)

9. 1..°.
t JCJTES r;i

«A p . q I . no
,neeium \F15.

The negatiVe correlction, r' -.n

1 , .L‘ . M1. _ 11.. . it-
“a.-. LLC illHllf‘E-t Salim; Pm,

h/

cont

notei between nhonwhorde

' ‘ : tn .. 1 : 1 1.. 1. K ‘1. .,.. -
lCIl 5 I u 7 J- diff" L. I); "5;“- Ol ill" (10n-
‘ _0 'f A ‘ I fl? f‘ .
l“ c; 1~231um \.. ‘erce Hf). lhe

ificwfit invcrs

tannlee

content (9.45 yorcent) were low it mag-

icvel of probability.

PI
\—

igh pot: Sium content had low 031-

/

a

The leaves wilflitfluaznoet pottfisiufil

. -
f

aver i1 calcium (.75 percent).

a

r- "
(x ‘

L-

D

n

1* . '7, is eiynificent at the 1h

 

 

 

 

 

 

54.

 

 

 

m

Calcium and mannesinm {orcentages were found tc be clcscl

((1

correlated (Ei . 13). The leaves with the highest calcium
(1.98 percent) hsfi the highest marnesium content (.83 percent).
The oositivc correlation between calcium nd narnesium, r=+.917,

:e 15 level of probability.

¥~“

is sifniificant at L
ire leaves with a high calcium content were Pith in so-

dium (Pic. 90). The :umple with the most cnlcium (1.98 pcr- Fn-T
centfi'vy's "vernce ir1<xnwtcnt of nodixrn (.009 percent). 1

.L’- \ ._ '/
positive COPTElean, r. +.“°C, is sifiqificgnt at the 5. level

I‘

On probability.

 

There Was no significant relationship between the nitro en L31
content of corn lcsvrs and percentages of phosphorus, potassium,
calcium, or sodium. Also phosphorus content was not related
to percentages of potassium, calcium, or sodium. Potassium
and sodium percentages and the leaf's magnesium and sodium
contents were not related.
Interchangeable Chemical Elements of Leaf and Grain of Corn

Percentenss of nitroqen in grain and leaves were fiircctly

y-.

related as shown n Pig. 01. The plot wtich produced the leaves
with the highest nitrogen content (5.15 percent) nlso producei
frnin with q Hirh nitrogen content (1.?5 percent). The p03-
itive correlation, r: 1.9l9, is significant at the 53 level

of probability.

The data in Fig. ”“ show that the grain with r high mag-
nesium content use associatcd with leaves of low mntncsium con-
tent. The plot which produced the grain with the hi hest Mu?-
nesium content (.35 gercent) produced leaves average in man-
n.sium content. The negative correlation, r: -.?38, is sinn-

ificent at the 5% level of probability.

—¥—

 

 

 

 

There were no consistent relationships bet een percent~
site or yVocpiorus, yUt‘iY?UH, calcium, end sodium in the

drain with th» pares gi~os a? the same eleisntn in the le-vec.
lield s3 Affected h; Verious Fertilizer Estes and Ratios

The effect FT nitrOgen, nhosphoric acid, nnd potash or
corn yield is shown in Table VIl. TF6 yields ranged from

39.8 to 78.” bushels shelled corn per ncre with an aversie of

 

-5.? bushels per acre. The yields were probably affected by

U

Cf]

the lower than average precipitation which fell in 1956.

The lowest yielding plot (59.8 hishels per acre) rnd the

 

hiohest yiglfiing plot (76.? bushels) each received 940 pound: L7 j

‘
V

of nitronen per acre. The lighes yielding plot received
160 pounds of phosphoric acid and 940 Pounds of potash per
acre. The lowest yielding plot receive“ £80 n01nds of phos-
phoric acid 9nd nO pounds of potash per rcre. The low potysh
application was probably a yield limitin: factor. The high

phosphoric acid npplicn.ion also may hove been 9 yield limit-

ing factor.

I
£3
"5
U

Nitronen fertilizers were founi to increase the 1‘
nitrouen content. As tie lerf's nitro en content incrersed,
yiele increased. Leaves of s high nitroaen content were
associated with losvos of 2 low sodium content. Hirh yields
were associeted with leave: of 2 low SOdllm content. Corn
grain from high yielding plots contains: a Fig? percentage of
nitroqen. Grain from low yielding plots contained 3 low per-
centage of magnesium. A high magnesium content in the Train

was associated with a low yield of corn. In this study, nit-

ronen fertilizers increased the corn yield.

01

T5 in Vii
I~RTlliiiH¥3 0* or“? T’TRZD

Pounds Fertilizer {er Acr ;ns

0 C C 51.1
C 40 90 95.4
O 160 10 41.5
0
C
r

cls aLelled corn yer acre

1"

 

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40 ' 0O 57.1
4.- :7 40 6°.3
4C ' 9C 371.0
£0 “CC 5?.8
40 3“. “o : ,5
40 300 CC 5 .4
1C 37‘ CéC r .

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'1 m <1 (J) \‘1|---' 0 C) 0 (3101016101
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160 40 4O 57.
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160 160 40 45.3
160 5T0 9; F”.3

 

VTI "continued"

‘.
11.4

‘v

10.115

 

4 3 4. .011 5 J... ,4 n. A. J). r. 0,. 4
O O 0 I O O O O O O O O O O O
,1 2.,1 C. n! l «1...: U .3. C. ..J O” or.
4. 6...! "w,ru4.inw77 3.16.1.

OCCOCCPCCCCCC
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lo 11?. 1 my. 1n

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66m ...J.:.J

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‘30

'70
'1),
Tfl‘x
OJ -.
A
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J

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‘3 A fit)» 5:1 .1... I“. A“. If“. (oto I.“ a .a .1.

IV I 1..

C
l llln, n. C nJJ. n O. o o,” n. n... 0,.

Pk.

41.

Ptoephcric Cid fertili“rr "3 Hot TWCP603¢ {1“ 11911

N

" 1

..L 2 o " ” ,5..-
bit increee e LJC amount 01 O

J

and calcium 3; ;1e leaf. Lou Jiellc were associfitoi Vlth

lotion f:rtilizer: increased the l‘ 5'5 §“t3333um con-
tent. Leaves with a hifo Dot eciun content contoined less

"\ O -

cclcium, soiiwm, -nC fljoT6394W than ._d lCmVCE OF F 13“ potte-
:ium content. Le Veg .ith a Wth Calcium COWtCfit 99n3391ly
had a hifh sodium conttat. intact fertilizers increfio‘fl 06?“

'iilds in this studio

 

10
{‘1

9? .
The ornin ond the "fcr lo‘f of nor: WY*ch 1‘od been
fertili7ed with Verioue wide cvw*inctionr “rd rat“o o“ rit-
ro.rr whoa noric rcid a“? octesh were -nul“ cl "or o'tIOVot

phospioruw, lOtflfSLuh, JagneSiun, calcium, “ni Fodiun.

 

The coefficients of multiple correlation which related
corn Jlfild to the nitrofvn .tosrnorur ~otnesi1m, magnesium,

, ‘. ‘ >, ‘

calcida, find rojium content: ml the n ein and leaf wcle 35?” .J

 

nificant "t tie 1» level if probability ‘*“
Several oth~r rel~tionehipe werJ note} in a statistical
analy is of tie data. Tie following reversible relwtionshipu

flicnted level of trot—

LF)‘.": Tritl I n? cord hn'i lvéovcrfi ‘f'i'aicl‘; "Icre l’lffih in. so-

«I

J
dinm and magnesium. (55)

‘ O

Vich Fieldirr corn tad loaves no“ Frzin r‘ict were hi~“

Lento (5/0

Lc"anr‘xit*.-Iliirh ni.1wv:en (whitcnt ital 1 low tuiiiun

um content also had 1 “ifh

“o
,»
C:
H
(2
Po

.-~ . .1, 1. ,2 1
Lfiglftfs 11.1.1.1 '3. -11...”

sodium content. (53)

l "
.l;.

‘ Q

Leaves with h Fi;h Crlciin content -c c Vii? mnwneoiow

-4

contont. (l.

s ‘ _, _f '— l‘
guorus coqtu e. (co;

LQ.‘?U with cith r 3 'irh calcium or magnesium content

I
hed n ICW ;otesaium content. (la)
_ -- '.. 4.- _ 0.-I.. 1.: ,...., ..
nor-‘3 1:} L11“, Film [Litrni’ih content to: flCCi'l'l-

penied with a decreased magnesium content. (5.)

 

Grain tith . hick unrresium content had a *i~i ;otu5- ~

Sinm content. (5}) 1

y— 9
VJ
2
I

Groin with a Rich potassium content had 3 i'
, 4
‘T>;‘_OI'L1§‘. context. (5 a)
”rdin nit? n 7732 potgffildm content ted e tiflh calcium

content . (1;)

(‘9-
J ‘J
.b

Leaves with high nitronen content: were vssociv
with grains of Figh nitro en conten.. (SJ)
Leaves with hifih ni'nesium contents were associated
with grains of low manneeium content. (55)
The nitrogen, pho:;lcrus, ugd potassium content of the

.. r~ . . ,.° 3:” .. J. - i 0.. .1 ‘- 4.1.,
19:1 Llii. _..L'I;iilC;'.1lkJ1J ,.f.z-UCtC\. 5 all)

\.j

, .L ow°w .,...
..411q&:'31 .ritrLufifll,

phosploric mold, find {otssh upglied. The nitrOgen, phosphtr‘s,
and potassium content of tie grain wL: relatively conctent
regardlees of the rate of fertilizer nypliCation.

Nitrogen 21d potash fertilizers tended to increase the
corn yicll. Phosnhoric acid fortilizere did not alter the
corn ~wield.

rm- ~ , - f- -:- n x ~
11.10 (3011.168 .~.c:,._;_-,J.1 Of 1.1) uta‘c l-Cc YI‘M".J~1 ( on 0.101138

lorr frecirjt tion thhn the twenty year uverphe).

 

1.

6.

10.

11.

"" I'TSLIU’FRAPVY

Alfred, S. and E. Whiteside. Soils 0’ Newton Area Calhoun
County, hichigan 1956.

Barbier, G. Contribution a l'etude de la Nutrition Finer-
als de la Plante en runction de la Composition chemique
du Milieu. Ann. Arron. 6: 568-586 (1936). Cited from
Stanford, et al. 3. S. S.A. P. (1941) 6: 335- 341 194?.

 

Beeson, K.C. The Mineral Composition of Crepe with Partic-
ular Reference to the Soils in Which They are Grown.
United States Department of Agriculture, Washington,
Misc. Pub. 369 1941.

Bizzell, J.A. New York Agricultural Experiment Station
Unpublished data. Cited from Beeson, United States
Department of Agriculture, Washington, Misc. Pub. 369
1941.

Blair, A. W. Protein in Feeding Stuff. New Jersey A?
cultural 5: 6-7 (1933). Cited from Vandecaveye, S.
AiP. 5: 107— 119 1940.

 

fit:
S. S.

 

 

Boswell, F.C. and W.L.Parks. The Effect of Soil Potassium
Levels on Yields, Lodging, and Mineral Composition of
corn. SeSoSerPe 21: 301-505 19570

 

Drosdoff, M. and D.C.Nearpass. Quantitative Microdeterni-
nation of Magnesium in Plant Tissues and Soil Extracts.
Analytical Chemistry 20: 673-674 1948.

 

Fiske, C.H. and V.S.Subarrow. The Colorimetric Determina-
tion of Phosphorus. Jour. of Biol; Chem. 66: 395 1995.

 

Jacdb, A. and R. Gottwick. Er3ebnisse des Dauer dunaung-
sversuches aus dem Versuchsfelde der Landwirtschaftlichen
Versuchsstation Berlin-Lichterfelde. Ernahr. Pflanze 36:
1-8 (1940). Cited from Vandecaveye, S.S.§.A.P. 5: 107-
119 1940.

 

 

Kling, F. Mehr Wirtschaftseigenes Eiweiss durek Futterr-
oggen und Grunmais. Deut. Landw. Presse 64: 165 (1937).
Cited from Vandecaveye, S.S.STAJPT 5: 107-119 1940.

 

 

Krantz B.A. and W. V. Chandler. Lodging, Leaf Composition,
and Yield of Corn as Influenced by Heavy Applications of
Nitrogen and Potash. Agron.ޣoug. 43: (11) 547- 552 1951.

 

0.“,
F‘: "-1:
fi‘

1'
'.

 

13.

14.

16.

17.

18.

19.

24.

Lawton, K. and G.M.8rowning. Effect of Tillage Practices
on the Nutrient Content and Yield of Corn. S.S.S.A.P.
13: 311-317 1948.

 

Lowry, M.N., W.C.Huggins, and L.A.Forrest. Effect of Soil
Treatment on the Mineral Composition of Exuded Maize
Sap at Different Stages of Development. Ga. Aar. Expt.
Sta. Bull. 548: 95-26 (1935). Cited from Vandecaveye,
S.S.S.A.Po 5: 107-119 1940.

 

Munsell, R.D. and B.A.Brown. Soil and Fertilizer Experi-
ment with Continuous Corn for Silage in Connecticut.
Nation; Joint 0923; Fert. Appln. Proc. Annlqflggt. 25:
83-85 1949.

 

Pierce, W.C. and E.L.Waenisch. Quantitatiug Analysis.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 1948.

 

Piper, C.S. Soil and Plant Analysis. Interscicnce Pub-
lishers Inc. New York, 1944.

 

Robertson, L.S., W.B.Sundquist, and J.F.Davis. The Field
Design of the Michizan Fertilizer Input-Output Studies.
(In Press).

Sauerlandt, W. Dungunnsversuche zu Kornermais. Bodengunde

u. Pflanzenernahr., 8: 55-72 (1938). Cited from Vande-
caveye, S.S.S.A:P. 5: 107-119 1940.

 

 

Sayre, J.D. and V.H.Morris. Concentrations of Mineral “ut-
rients in the Corn Plant as Affected by Fertilizer Treat-
ment. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 548: ?5-95 1935.

Scovell, M.A. and A.M.Peter. Field Experiments with Corn.
Ky. Agr. Expt. Sta. 31111. 17 18890

and . Ash Analysis of Corn. Ky.
Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Report 1891.

 

 

Stanford, G., S.B.Kelly, and W.H.Pierre. Cation Balance in

Corn Grown on High-Lime Soils in Relation to Potassium
Deficiency. S.S.S.A.Po (1941) 6: 335-342 1942.

 

Stubblefield, F.M. and E.E.Deturk. The Composition of Corn,

Oats, and Wheat as Influenced by 8011, Soil Treatment,
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1940.

 

Sundquist, W.B. and L.S.R0bertson. An Economic Analysis of
Some Controlled Fertilizer Input-Output Experiments in
Michigan. Unpublished data.

= t
J
. r- . -._.

05.

?6.

97.

30.

51.

3?.

Toth, S.J., A.L.Prince, A. Wallace, and D.S.Mikkelsen.
Rapid Quantitative Determination of Eight Minerals in
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Tyner, Edward N. and J.R.Webb. The Relation of Corn Yields
to Nutrient Balance as Revealed by Leaf Analysis. Aaron.
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Vandecaveye, 3.0. Effects of Soil Types and Fertilizer
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Weeks, M.E., E.N.Fergus, and P.E.Karraker. The Composition
of the Corn Plant Grown Under Field Conditions in Relation
to the Soil and its Treatment. S.S.S.A;£. 5: 140-145 1940.

Weidemann, A.G. Available Phosphorus in Soil and the Phos-
phorus Content of Grain as Influenced by Phosphorus Apn-
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(1934). Cited from VZfieecgtEyo, S.S:S.EZE7 5: 107-119
1940.

Wittels, H. and L.F.Seatz. Effect of Potash Fertilization
on Yield, Stalk Breakane, and Mineral Composition of
Corn. S.S.S.A.P. 17: 369-371 1953.

 

 

{3‘ 06%;

Demco-293

Date Due