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C

THE HISTORY AHD ORGANIZATION
OF THE STATE PIGKWHY DEPAHTHEYTS

OF THE UNITED STATES

A Thesis Submitted to
The Faculty of

MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE
of

AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE

BY

Roy C. Brim am

Candidate for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science

June, 1950

THESlS

 

 

 

 

 

 

A __——.

 

ACKNOWEEDGEMEH!

The author wishes to gratefully acknowledge the
suggestions and assistance offered by E. A, Iinney,
I. W. Hitchcock and c. A. Allen; also the various State
Highway unpertmsnts of the United States which submitted
data to make this thesis possible. Reference was made to
the text “Highway Administration.and Finance" by Agg and
Brindley and to the “Highways Green Book" 1920, publidhed
by the American Automobile Association, and thus much
appreciation is sue the writers of these two books.

Roy 0. Brigham.

comes

Introduction
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
connectiout
Delaware
District of Colulbia
rlorida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indi ans

Iowa

Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
laina
laryland
llssachusetts
liohigan

linnesota

Pig!

OUIQHH

12
14
17
19
80
82

86

88

56

G8
44

47
49

lississippi
lisaouri
Hontana
lebraska
levada

law Hampshire
Few Jersey
law Hexioo
law Iork
lorth Carolina
lorth Dakota
Ohio

Oklahoma
Oregon
Iennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
fennessee
tens

Utah

Vermont
Virginia
Iashington
Vest Virginia
Iisoonsin

””138

Page
51

53
56

8

ea
57
7o
72
74
77
so
as
34
an
37
as

as
95
95
97
'99
102
104
106

IITRODUCTIOI

this thesis was written as a partial fulfillment of
the requirements of a Bachelor of Science Degree in Civil
Engineering. The author being interested in the adminis-
trative as well as the construction phase of highway
engineering chose the subject for'writing.

Io obtain the data it was conceived that the best
plan would be to request each Highway Department to submit
a similar discussion of the subject. A letter stating the
reason for the request and information desired was presented
to each State Highway Department of the United States. A
majority of the Departments replied promptly and effectively.

This data was digested and assembled in the most brief
and concise manner possible to give the history, legisla-
tion, organisation, financial outline and progress report
of the State Highway Departments. This thesis was written
with the viewpoint of using it as a reference. Thus care
was exercised to submit therein the most recent and correct
material.

The data received from.the various Highway Departments
will be submitted to the Civil Engineering Department of
lidhigan State College, with whom it may be filed or dis-
posed of as to the Judgment of the Department. The author

feels that this data is especially valuable in studying
various phases of highway engineering.

1.

ALABAMA

hISTORY

Legislation of 1919 passed measures creating a State High-
way Commission consisting of three members. Not much avail-
able data relating history is at hand at this writing. At
first construction contracts were awarded in the name of the
county but under a newer law all contract are made by the State.
The maintenance of any road constructed by the State is supported
by State Funds.
LEGISLATION

No attempt here will be made to reproduce the forty-six
legislative acts pertaining to the highways or the department.
Under the rules and regulations of the Department power is
given the Department to adopt reasonable and necessary rules
and regulations for better construction, repair and maintenance
of the public roads and bridges. It has power to enter into
contracts and agreements pertaining to construction and safety
in the use of the public roads. It also has power to per-
scribe rules for weight or tonage of vehicles used on the roads.
Convict labor is used in the construction of roads and the
saving is very effective.
ORGANIZATION

The personnel of the Department consists of a Highway Dir-
ector and two Associate Commissioners. The personnel of employees
in general charge of the work of the Department consists of
two assistant engineers, a bridge, testing and office engineer,

an assistant purchasing agent, a superindentent of maintenance,

2.

auditor, and four division engineers.
FINANCES
Proceeds from gasoline tax, automobile registration, trailer
chauffeur and escape make up the resources or the nighxay
Funds. Appropiations from.Federa1 Aid must be added to the
list.
PROGRESS

State projects completed prior to September 80,

1927 681.19 miles
1928 985.74 '
1929 1972.45 "

Federal Aid projects completed prior to September 50,

1927 1740.70 miles
1928 2087.02 7
1929 2461.10 '"

State projects under Construction October 1, 1929
710.92 miles

Federal Aid projects under construction Octoberl, 1929'
242.92 miles

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Highways Green Book 1920 A A A
Sixth, seventh, and eighth annual report of the
State Highway Commission of Alabama

1927 1928 1929

5.

1312011

HISTORY AND IEGISLATIOI

am. aid was adapted in 1909. The Department has
charge of the construction of all work financed wholly.
or in part, with State or Federal funds. A system of
State highways of 1600 miles has been laid out by a board
of county Supervisors with approval of the State engineer.
ORGAIIZAIIOI

the State Highww Dopartment is administered by a
State mgineer appointed by the governor for a term of
two years. He is assisted by an office engineer and chief
clerk, a chief of location, four division engineers with
necessary resident engineers.
IIILBGBS

In 1919 the l'ederal Aid funds available exceeded
02,300,000, the amount of the State funds, so that the
State Department cooperated with the county oomissions so
as to take advantage of all the available federal funds.
Revenue is collected from a tax of one mill on each dollar
of the assessed valuation levied annually, 25% of shich
goes to the State funds and 761 to the counties all to be

used on construction and maintenance of roads. Also from
the registration of automobiles. Other miscellaneous
sources such as appropriations and tells are at hand

annually.

4.

PROGRESS

Arizona has a total mileage of 22,582 miles, 2,051 of
which are under the state system. The mileage improved
was 1,705 miles in 1928. Approximately 316% are rederal
Aid roads. About 58% of the Federal Aid roads are gravel,
the remainder being various except 18% being concrete.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Highway Administration a finance, Agg a Brindley

Highways Green Book 1920 A.A.A.

lo data was submitted by the State. Thus no history
has been compiled at this writing.

5.

ARKAIBAS

HISIOR!

Ie find that the motor vehicle was first recognised
and defined in Arkansas by Act 134, approved march 84,
1911. fhis act provided for the registration of motor
vehicles, a penalty for non-registration and a maximum
speed limit of vehicles. The registration fee was fixed
at $6.00 per vehicle and was payable to the Secretary of
State. rho initial step in placing road building upon a
recognised basis was made when Act 234 was approved Bay 4,
1911. this act supplemented the general road laws of
Arkansas and made provisions for the appointment of a
county engineer, with direct supervision over all public
roads of the county. With increased demands for highway
facilities, the need of a State Department in charge of
such activities became apparent, and in 1913 the State
Highway Department was created through Act 308, approved
larch 31, 1913.. The newly created department was affiliated
with the Department of State Lands and the affiliation
termed the Department of State Lands, Highways and Improve-
meats. In connection with this a Highway Commission and a
highway improvement fund was formed. The Department oper-
ates under the above systas and aided by the Federal Aid
and other taxation provisions which will be treated under
the heading of Legislation.

6.

ORGAIIZATIOH

The duties with which the State Highway Department is
charged can be briefly expressed as the development and
maintenance of the roads embraced in the State system.
However, the activities covered by this expression vary
widely in scope and the execution of the work. Three major
subdivisions have been develcped with the Department itself,
although no clear line of demarcation exists between either,
the relations of each necessarily interlocking and merging
with that of the other.

these three subdivisions may be termed the Administra-
tive, composed of the State Highway Commission and directing
the policies of the Department in conformance with the
legislative acts governing; the Highway, charged with the
location, construction and maintenance of highways; and the
Business, detailed with the various operations incident to
the making of purchases, the registration of motor vehicles
and the accounting and auditing.

the comieeione are honorary in character, with a term
of office of four years, the appointments overlapping as to
prevent an entire new commission in any one administration,
excepting through resignation or death of the appointees.
The Highway division is under the execution of the State

Highway Engineer, who is supported by two Assistant State
Highway Engineers one of the Eastern and one of the Iestern

 

ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE HIGHWAY DEPARMNT
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7.

division. Tor further support. to the duties of this gen-
eral line up the organisation chart may be consulted.
LEGISLATIOH AND FINANCES

Some twenty-two acts of Legislation have been approved
to make up the fundamentals upon which the Department
functions. It is hardly necessary to quote at this writing
all the acts in their order and enact wording to show the
fundamentals. When the Department was created in 1913
provisions were made to prepare, collect and di eseminate
information relative to roads, highways, drainage, levees
and other public improvements. Also provisions were made
for the format ion of road improvement districts, specifying
the procedure to be followed.

Provisions were made from time to time forfunde as the
system grew and funds were needed. The sources of revenue
come from the registration of motor vehicles, a four cent
tax on gasoline and a ten cent tax on motor oils, authorised
bond issues, l'ederal Aid and refunds on the cost of local
and State roads.

PROGRESS
STATUS 01' IIEPROVEMEHT or ALI. ROADS or STATE HIGHWAY
SYSTEM AS 01' SEPTEMBER 30, 1988

ram [[133 IILES GRAYELED H1138 [IRES VIPER IIIBB Ul-
HILEAGI BEADED OR SIMILAR TYPES PAVE!) COHSTRUOTIOR 1102mm

3,717.1 1,707.8 3,666.1 774.0 1,312.9 1,465.2

IROPORTI 01 01' STATE HIGHWAY IMPROVEMENT

Gravel 45.7%
emu 25.4
Unimprcved 17.”
Hard Surfaced 9.21
Disnocmnv

Higiwaye Green Book . 1980 A A A
Eighth Biennial Report of the Department of Public
Lands

Highways and Improvements, State of Arkansas.

CALIFORNIA
HISTORY AhD LEGISLATION

The peOple of California voted to raise a bond issue for
the improvement of road conditions involving $73,000,000
cited as the ‘State Highway Act“ in amount $18,000,000 at
the general election of 1910. Other issues followed as the
system expanded. The first commissioner was appointed in
August 1911. State highway work has been in progress since
1912.

This first bond act provided that highways be acquired
and constructed along the Pacific Coast, thru Sacramento
and San Joaquin valleys and connecting county seats lying
east and west of the main routes. In 1916 the second “State
Highway Act” in amount $15,000,000 was adopted. It added
eight specific extensions to the odginal system. _

The third bond act took the form of an amendment to the
State Constitution, an amount $40,000,000 at a special election
in July 1919. This third bond measure provided for the com-
pletion of the edginal system, the eight extension of the
1916 Act and thirty additional road projects described in
the new fond proposition of 1919.

By the end of the end of the fiscal year 1921 California
was allotted $3,048,000 fer Federal Aid. This has increased
to the extent that for the biennium.July 1, 1926 to June 30,
1928 $5,412,990 was the allotment. -

The use of convicts in State'Road building Operations was

first authorized in 1915. The convicts were compensated by

10.

a reduction 01 their time to serve in prison, not to exceed
one day for each two calendar days thit the convict is absent
from the prison. In 1923 this measure was amended to permit
a mohey payment to convicts in addition and supplementary to
the credits of the 1915 measures. In 1927 the Act was again
amended by a special appr0priation of $600,000 to be used ex-
clusively for the payment of convict wages.
ORGANIZATION

The California State highway Department is directly ad-
ministered by three appointed members designated as the
California Highway Commission. The highway engineer, appointed
by the governor, is the executive officer of the commission,
'and in his charge is placed the construction of the State
Highway system. An accompanying chart will Convey in general
the made up of the organization.
FINANCES

The entire system was constructed and is maintained at

the eXpense of the State, except that each county must pay
into the State Treasury 4% under the first bond issue and
4%% under the second and third issues upon the amount expended
in the county in the construction of State highways; less such
portion as the bonds matured shall bear to the total number
sold and outstanding. The cost of maintenance is provided
for through funds derived from the State license fee imposed
upon motor vehicles.

It is found that in 1928 the scources of revenues are
Federal Aid, a one and two-cent gasoline tax, m0tor vehicle

license fee, trahsportation lecense tax, franchise tax(stages)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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State general fund and other contributions. These sources
amount to approximately p25,000,000 per annum at the present.
PROGRLSS

State highway work has been in prOgress since the spring
of 1912. in 1919 the system included 1855 miles the major
portion of which was concrete base with bituminous surfacing.
In June 1928 6,56e miles were authorized as the State system.
Of this 2465 miles are paved and 2253 miles had not been
worked on by the State, the remainder was under various types

of surfacing.

12.

COLORADO

HISTORY

The Colorado State Highway Act was approved in 1921.
This act created the commission which was required to pre-
pare a map showing the public roads in each county connecting
the roads of sufficient importance to receive State Aid and
form a connecting system of State routes. A system of some
8000 miles were laid out, from which the commission selected
the roads which were to be improved through Federal Aid. A
total mileage of 882 miles came under the Fedezal Aid program
at about the time of creation. Since the approval of the
act in 1921 this is no available data leading to history
except that legislative action to retire the bond issue of
1923. These fonds will be fully paid by 1933.
LEGISLATION

The Commission is given authority to apportion the
State Aid road fund among the counties. Surveys and plans
and specifications are made by the county commissioners and
submitted for approval tn.the State Highway Commissioner.
Contracts are let either by County of State Commissioners.
The State does all engineering of Federal Aid projects
while construction and maintenance are under the supervision
of the County Commssioners subject to approval of the State
Highway Commission.. In each county a board of three County
Commissioners serving four year terms has jurisdiction over
local roads. They may appoint overseers. There is a provision
made for the use of State prisoners in highway work. The re-

quest by the county commissioner is filed with the warden.

18.

The extra cost of guarding the prisoner is borne by the county.
ORGANIZATION
The highway commissioner is appointed by the governor for
a term of four years, a board of five members with terms of
five years, the term of one member expiring wach year, a sec-
.retary and other assistances are employed by the commission.
An accompanying chart will convey a general lay out of the
organization set up.
FINANCES
Under the highway act there was created a fund known as
the State Highway Fund. The forms of revenue are from general
taxes; from appropriation made by legislature; from the
Internal Improvement Income Fund; from registration of motor
vehicles and tax on gasoline; from.sale of bonds authorized
by the people for highway purposes; from public donations in-
cluding allotments from.the Federal Government.
PROGRESS
There is no available data as to mileage report at this
writing but the annual budget for the year 1930 estimates
disbursements in amount of $6,202,202. $3,592,404 of which
is Federal Aid projects. $1,475,000 for maintenance, the
remainder to be used on the remaining accounts.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Colorado State Highway Act
Annual Budget for the Year of 1930 Colorado State Highway
Department ‘
Highways Greenbook 1920 A A A

     
   
     

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ORGANIZATION CHART

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14.
CONNECTICUT

HISTORY

A bill providing for the appointment of a triple-
hdaded commission was signed by the governor July 5, 1895.
Thus the department was organized. It did not meet with
favor in Connecticut and the law was amended in 1897 pro-
viding for a commissioner appointed for a term of four years.

In the thirty-five years of existance of the highway
there has been three distinct periods and classes of develop-
ment. Iflirst, 1895 to 1915, the promotional or educational
work, during which time not so much thought was given to
refinements of road building as to getting the people and towns
out of the mud; the second, 1915 to 1923, building a much
larger mileage of highways to meet traffic demands ior a
largely augmented system of highways; third, 1925 to 1930,
the reconstruction period, the replacing and rebuilding of
the earlier built roads which were not capable of taking care
of the presentvolume of traffic. A large part of the old
roads were water-bound macadam fourteen to sixteen feet wide.

From 1895 to 1917 the towns financed the cost of State
Aid roads construction, paying the contractors in full. Since
1907 the state has paid the contractor and after completion
of work Eills have been sent to the towns and they have re-
funded their share of the cost.

In 1901 a map was prepared by the commissioner showing
a trunk line system. ‘his was revised from year to year
when in 1913 a definite map was submitted to and adapted by

the legislature. and recorded as the offical trunk line system.

16.
In 1927 it was found that the trunk line system aggregated
1554 milts and June 50, 1928 1294 miles of this had been im-
proved. Since 1923 maintenance and repairs have been solely
handled by the state and paid by state funds.

Between 1915 and 1924 the state department had charge of
toll bridges and ferries; after which all bridges have been
made free. Advantage of the Federal Aid appropriations were
taken and up to 1928 256 miles have been conatructéd with
the aid of such appropriations. In 1925 the State Laboratory
for testing 01 materials was established. Before that time
commerical houses had done the testing. All materials now
used in construction and maintenance are thoroughly tested
in the State Laboratory.

ORGANIZATION

The commissioner is appointed by the governor. Provisions
for a deputy commissioner are enforce but no definite inform,
ation as to organization lay out is at hand. The commissioner
has sole charge and approval of all State Highway Operations,
including bridges and maintenance of both. A superintendent
of repairs and a chief clerk are also aids to the commissioner.
FINANCES

Registration of motor vehicles provides a fee which is
used by the State Highway Department. A gasoline tax is in
force and for the five fiscal years ending June 30, 1929
the total receipts from this tax was in amount $14, 197, 268.
There are also receipts from ferries.

PROGRESS

The Connecticut State Highway Department is well organized

16.

and functions well to the satisfaction of needs of the high-
way prOgram. Some 236.miles of Federal Aid road has been con-
structed. Approximately 1300 miles of the 1550 miles of
system has been improved. much has been done by way of
landscaping and defining boundries. Proper signs are used
to meet the recommendation of the American.Association of
State Highway Ofiicals.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anewspaper cepy of an address by C. G. Nichols of the
connecticut State Highway Department.

Highways Greenbook 1920 A A A

17.

DELAWARE
HISTORY Aim LEGISLATION

The first highway work in Delaware began'in 1675 when
a road was "laid out one-half way between.Augustus “erman's
plantation to New Castle.“ We find that gradually these
roads were extended throughout the State. About 1775 the
governor divided the State in districts and appointed super-
visors. Some sixty-foot roads were laid out, abandoned
later or cut down to forty feet. The first toll companies
were organized in 1808. However, no real progress in public
road building was made until 1903. A State Aid Law was passed
what might be the beginning of the State Highway Department.
Provisions were made of Offices in Dover. A commissioner was
appointed for each county and ’30,000 appropriated for the
first years work, the state and county to share equally.

The haw was repealed in 1905 and for twelve years the
state was without a highway department. Counties carried on,
aided by the Stm;e, to the amount of $30,000 annually. Some
27% of the roads were surfaced or approximately 275 miles
during the period. During the period 1912 to 1917 General
du Pont built a road at his own expense extending the length
of the State. When the Department was organized in 1917, some
28 miles had been completed. He was allowed to continue this
and was later completed and costing nearly $4,000,000 but

is the backbone of the system.

The State Highway Department was created in 1917 in
order to take advantage of the Federal Aid. Legislation

provided for layout or permanent highways, and issuance of

18.

State bonds with which to construct the system.
ORGANIZATION

The Department is composed of the governor and four memp
bers appointed by the governor, The administrative heads are
the chief engineer and a secretary who are appointed by the
commission.
FINANCES

Two sources of funds are provided with which to pay the
interest and principal of the bonds; and for the support of
the State Highway Department, namely the gross receipts form
automobile registration fees and gasoline tax, and the gross
receipts from the State Income tax less $250,000 per annum
which goes to the public schools. Also funds are appropriated
at the discretion of State Highway Department in the budget
system.
PROGRESS

The first three years 1917 to 1921 only 105 miles of per-
manent pavements were completed. Since 1921 to date some
600 miles have been completed. Delaware is experiencing a
period of reconstruction and widening and is putting double
effort forth to gain the loss sustained in regard to progress
of neighbor states during the twelve years, 1905 to 1917, she
was without a Department.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Highways Greenbook 1920 A A A

Annual Report of the State Highway Department of the State

of Delaware. 1928

19.

DI STRICT OI COLUMBIA

ORGAIHATIOI

‘There are three Comissioners appointed by the Presi-
dent to administer the affairs of the District of Columbia.
Roads and streets are administered by one of the demise-
ioners who is an erny engineer.
more

The letionel Government owns about one-half-the prop-
erty valuation of the District, so Congress appropriates
50$ of the approved estimates end a like proportion is
paid from the revenue seeming from the District texsti on.
The motor vehicle license fee and gasoline tax are also
revenues.

PROGRESS
Iileege report of streets and roads in the District

of Columbia of 1916, 1916, 1919 : 510.19, 613.69, 517.13.
Lpproximtely 31% is asphalt, 85% is ester-bound meceden
end 51$ gravel and dirt roads. lo later date. is available.
sunbeam-n. I
Highways Breen Book 1920 A A A '
Highway Administration a. finance, 135 end Brindley.

20.

IIORIDA
HISDOR! AND LEGISLATIOI
The State road commission was created in 1915 and

given authority to enter into contracts and make rules and
regulations necessary for construction and supervision.
It was also authorised totdesignate certain roads as State
roads, to acquire by purchase or condemnation right of way
for other roads which be State or rederal roads. In 1919
the Legislature assented to the provisions of the Federal
Aid Act and levied a special Statedwide‘tax to meet Federal
Aid. In the same year load limits laws were passed and
specified for the purpose of protecting road surfaces.
ORGANIZATIOI

I The Commission consists of five members, one repre-
senting the State at large and one from each congressional
district. They are appointed for a term of four years by
the governor. The Department is authorised to employ a
State Highway Engineer who is required to have specified
requirements, also employ necessary assistants. ‘An organ-
isation chart shows the present plant of Department
administration.
ITILBCBB

for resources the State Highway Department depends upon

a two-cent gasoline tax, a 70% automobile license fund, a

one-eighth gasoline inspection fund, and Federal Aid allot-

.. ‘,' .“ ;TF_":"Y' I _ " “I _ -l'.
‘l . 4'

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of

STATE ROAD DEPARTMENT
of FLORIDA

 

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21.

ments. 1 10% reserve for emergency work is maintained with
this deduction an available fund of approximately $10,000,000
annually is in force.
23083388
lhe total length of approximately 8,524 miles comprises
the system. _
Projects completed to Dec. 51, 1928 (paved) 1,756.07 miles
rrojeets under construction ' 649.83 '
Projects graded ready for paving ' 370.62 "
In. general it may be said the majority of mileage
paved is of the type rook.base surface treated. in inten-
sive use of convict labor at an average cost of $1.45 per
day per man, using a total of 1100 prisoners distributed
among 20 camps, is in progress.
BIBLIOGRAPHY '
Seventh‘Biennial Report of State Roads Department
1927 1928.
Budget of State Highway Department 1930
Highways Green.Book 1920 1 1.1.

22.

6303011

HISTORY 11D DBGISLATIOI

In 1916 a State Highway Department was created, un-
supported by State funds, whose sole function was to handle
the rederal 11d allotments to Georgia by acting as agents
to counties ihich furnished the money to match Federal 11d.
In 1919 the department was recreated having as a prospec-
tive duty of the expanding of $2,000,000 income from motor
vehicle license beginning with 1920, in addition to admin-
istering the Federal 1id allotmant. In 1908 legislation
provided that State convicts could be used to work on the
county road, the expense being supported by the counties.
The use is practiced to a great extent at present and a
larger saving on labor is exercised.
03813121110!

The State Highway Department embraces a State highway
board of three men appointed by the governor for a term
of six years; a State engineer selected by the board; and
a staff by the board, but filled by direct employment of
the engineer.

IIRANOES

runds are gathered from‘bond issues, automobile
registration fees and taxes on property.

PROGRESS
Georgia has a total mileage of 97,892. The State

system comprises 6,729 miles of which 5,901 has been

improved. Under the rapid growth of traffic repair costs
and thus a rapid growth of concrete or paved roads is in
evidence.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Highways Green Book _ 1920 1 1 1

Highway “ministration and Finance, 1gg and Brindley

24.

ID1H0

HISTORY 1ND LEGI8L1'IIOI

the early road development followed to a great extent
the Indian and pioneer trails, and the same influence is
apparent in the present system. The construction of lorth
and 8outh routes and military roads dates around the period
of 1863 to 1899. In 1911 the highway district law was
passed providing for crgmieation within the counties for
road financing, construction and unintemance initiating a
system of local financing that has persisted to the present

time.

the first Highway Commission was organized in 1915 which
provided for a Commission of five members. In 1916 the
commission was reduced to three members. 1dequate powers
were granted, cooperating with counties, to provide a system
of 8tate highways. 1 State Highway Engineer in charge of
an engineering department was established and its duties
specified in 1918. In 1919 the Highway Commission was
abolished and its powers and duti ee with those of the 8tate
Highway Engineer were delegated to the newly created Depart-
ment of Public Works. This to be administered by a Commis-
sion of Public Works. 1 Director of Highways was provided,
no other changes were made.

Local cooperation has been excellent and an important
factor in the development. Maintenance has developed and

has handled the changing problem well. Improvement on the

r

constructed roads provides the credit due the Maintenance
Departmnt.
ORGflIMIOl

1n accompanying organisation chart will explain the
fundamental organization of the Department.
11311038 .

1 motor vehicle license tax 50% of which is apportioned
to the 8tate the counties getting the remainder. Federal
1id since 1916 has been taken advantage cf and a property
tax of two cents per gallon in 1925 and raised to four cents
by 1927 also goes to the highway fund.

PROGRESS

he assumed total mileage of the State is 40,200,
5,185 of which are allowed Federal 1id. Rederal 1id to
date amounts to approximately $10,000,000. Many of the
older bridges have been replaced by modern standards but,
due to the large number, it will be a period of years be-
fore they will all meet the traffic requirements of the
time. 1t the close of 1928 the designated 8tate system
consisted of 4,259 miles of which 214 miles were paved,
508 miles oiled, 1,321 miles surfaced with gravel or -
crushed rock and 495 miles graded. These improvements
represent an investment of approximately 855,000,000.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

fifth Biennial Report of the Department of Public

Works, State of Idaho 1928
1 submitted history of Idaho State Highway Dept. 1915-29.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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26.

ILLImIB
HIBTOH!

The State Highway Department of Illinois was organized
under an act passed by the Legislature which became effec-
tive July 1, 1915. 1t the time it was directed by a commis-
sion consisting of three members. Tour years later (1917)
the 8tate Highway Department became the Division of Highways
under the Departmnt of Public Works and Buildings.
LIGIBLATIOH .

The Division as it now exists is divided into eight
bureaus which are organised for the purpose of administer—
ing the various duties and functions of the Division. The
State is divided into nine districts geographically, a
district engineer is in charge of all design, construction,
and maintenance and other work of his district. In June,
1929 a motor fuel tax was provided for a levy of three
cents per gallon. The State will receive two thirds and
one third is‘ allotted to the counties to be used in develop-
ing the secondary system of highways.

ORG1H151TIOI

The chief officers of the Department of Public Works
and Buildings are the Director and 1seistent Director. The
Chief Highway Engineer, who also acts as Superintendent of

Highways is the executive officer of the Division of Highways.

1115110118
Punds for the constmction of the State primry system

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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-‘ DIRECTOR
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
CHIEF EICEEIY ENGINEER
BUREAU
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CONSTRUCTION MAINTENANCE \ MATERIAL
ENCR. ENCR. , ENCR.
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27

are derived from the following sources: 1. From proceeds
of bond sales; 2. Prom Tedcral 1id receipts; 5. Prom.sur-
plus motor license fees; 4. Prom motor fuel taxes.
PROGRIBS
The 8tate primary system comprises approximately
9,800 miles of highways, of which approximately 6,900 miles
have been completed, leaving about 2900 miles to be finished.
This is expected to be made from federal 1id receipts and
surplus motor license fees and the State's share of the
motor fuel tax revenue. The 8tate 11d or secondary system,
which consists of important county roads comprises a total
of 16,000 miles of which '1,600 have been been improved.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 Brief Report Submitted'by Letter by the Chief
Engineer of Highways.
lleventh 1nnual Report of Director of Highways
Department of Public Works and Buildings

Illinois.

IBDI111

HISTORY ADD LEGISLATION

Under the 1ots of 1919 there was created a State
Highway Commission consisting of four members appointed by
the governor, one member retiring from office each year.
Pour districts were designated and also three divisions,
constructions, maintenance, and auditing. 1 system of
state highways reaching every county seat and each and
every city of 5,000 or over pepulation was laid out. These
acts were added to and amended under 1ots of 1921, 1925,
and 1925, applying safety of highways, appropriations of
funds, gasoline taxes, registration of motor vehicles, etc.
ORG1l151TIOI

The Comiseion as was stated above consists of four
members appointed by the governor, they in turn appoint a
Director whose duties are various being responsible for all
Chiefs of Divisions, and assistants and employees. Tour
divisions consisting of construction, maintenance, audit,
and equipment, each having a chief executive. 1n organisa-
tion chart is accompanying showing the general make up of
the organization.
[311038

The sources of highway funds are: 1. The state-wide
tax of 0.59 mill per $1.00 of all assessed property in the
8tate; 2. let receipts derived from automobile registration;
5. Receipts from the State inheritance tax yielding approx-

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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OEEENEEITION CHART OF STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION OF TEE
a a "
STZTE‘OF INDIHNA
GOVERNOR

COMMISSION 1;

 

 

 

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_ T I L - I.
' 1 DIV. OF ' DIV. OF‘ DIV. OF
‘ 3.1, VMAINT‘TRANCE AUDIT ‘EQUIPLTENT

 

 

 

 

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89.

imately $500,000 per year; 4. Pedcral 1id apprOpriations.
PROGR388

The 8tate Highway Commission has selected a state
system of 5,000 miles from the 75,000 miles of public high-
ways of the 8tate, and is develcping the mileage of this
system as rapidly as the available funds permit. There is
a daily maintenance in effect over 4500 miles. The Commis-
sion is determined to furnish adequate highway service to
satisfy the traffic demands. They are looking well ahead
into the future and planning is exercised under that result.
Testing of materials and bridge construction is well in
pace with.construction. The total appropriation to Indiana
since 1917 to 1929 amounts to over $22,000,000. Expendi-
tures for 1919 to 1928 amount to ever 899,250,000.
Receipts for 1919 to 1928 amount to over 8101,200,000.
Leaving a balance in 1928 in amount over $1,900,000.
BIBLIOGR1PHI

Highways Green Book 1920 1 1.1

Indiana 8tate Highway Commission Laws compiled 1925

1nnua1 Report of State Highway Commission of Indiana

1924, 1925, 1928
Biennial Report of State Highway Commission of Indiana
1926 to 1928.

30.

10.1

HBTOR! LED EGIBLLTIOH

The good roads movement in Iowa dates back to 1888
when a 8tate Road Convention was held and road improves-mt
was discussed and endorsed the propositions of payment of
preperty road taxes in money and the appointment of road
superintmdente and the establishment of county read minds.
Legislation passed act providing for the improvement of
roads in'1884. In 1902 a mrked progress over 1884 was
noted and legislation enacted which resulted in the town-
ship having supervieicn of all district road and made
mandatory the levying of taxes by the county board for
funds to be used on the roads. In 1904 a commission was
created, the duties being entirely of an advisory nature.
In 1915 the 8tate Highway Comissicn was established with
powers of general supervision of all road and bridge work
in the 8tate. In 1917 a system of roads was selected
not to exceed 6,000 miles, this being designated as the
inter-county system. In 1924 the Comission was given
authority to mke plans and eetinmtes for improvanents.
Convict labor has beenuused since 1915 and found to be a
saving on labor in 8tate 1id construction.
OHGflIZu‘IOl

The Commission consists of three members appointed
by the governor. 1 chief engineer and bridge engineer
have charge of their respective duties.

31.

P1118038
1 financial system providing funds for the primary

roads. This is nmtched with the redefial 1id allotment.
1utomcbile registration fees, and taxes of State and local

districts are also courses of revenue.

PROGRIM
The total mileage of the 8tate is over 102,000. Under

the 8tate system 7,212 miles are included. Dearly 81% of
this system has been improved.

BIBLIOGR1PHI
Highway 1dministration and Pinan-ce, 1g and Brindley

Highways Green Book 1920 1 1 1
lo data was extended upon request for same from the

State of Iowa.

32.

mole

HISTORY 11D LEGISLATION

The Kansas State Highway Comiseion came into existence
in 1pril, 1917. Under the law creating the Couission it
consisted of two members appointed by the governor, one
from each side of the Sixth Principal Meridian and the
governor acted as chairman ex-officic. This continued until
July, 1925 when the commission was changed to a three man
commission appointed by the governor, he giving up all
capacities as a member of the Highway Comission. This
organisation continued until 1pril, 1927, when the State
was divided into six commissioner districts, one member
from each district appointed by the governor, appointments

being for two years.

Prom the time. of the creation of the Department in
1917 until 1929 in 1pril the State Highway Comissi on was
more of an adviser, as the initiation of construction and
handling of finances was vested in the various boards of
county comissieners. April, 1929 the State Highway System
Inc turned over to the State Highway Department for construe-
tion, maintenance and improvements and the State Highway

Comicsien has no Jurisdiction over the counties nor the
Gounties over the state highways.

0311111sz!
The governor appoints the commission and it in turn

‘PPoints a director. He is the executive officer of the

    
    
    

 

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. 8
OECEENERTEON-CEIRT.CE KANSAS STATE HICEWIY DEPARTMENT 5
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33.

Cousiesidn, has full authority to appoint a State Highway
Engineer and such other employees as necessary. Hie super-
vision of the work and function of the personnel is expected.
11311038

The main sources of revenue is from country and town-
ship taxes and automobile registration and gasoline tax
collections. The Pederal 1id allotment is over $2,068,000
but ranks tenth as compared to other states.

PRIORHSS
Kansas, to date, has approximately 1,000 miles of hard

surfaced roads, brick, concrete, bituminous macadam on the
state system, and approximately 2,500 miles of light-type
surfacing. The entire system consists of 8,690 miles and
ranks tenth as compared to the other states. However,
only 4,145 miles have been improved.
BIBLIOGR1PHI

Sixth Biennial Report of the Kansas State Highway
Commission 1928.

Kansas Road and Bridge Laws 1927

Data in a letter written by W. L. Dyatt, Office
Ingineer of the Department.

KEITUCKI

HISTORY 13D IEGISLLTIOB

The Department of Public Roads, first established in
1912, was administered by a State Commissioner of Public
Roads appointed by the governor. The first appropriation
for the administration of the department amounted to only
$25,000 per annum. In 1914 an 8,000 miles system was
designated to receive State aid. In 1918 Legislation was
passed to provide for cooperation with the Pederal govern-
ment in building Pederal 11d roads. The State Highway
Dopartment was created by an act of the General 1ssembly.
1t this time the State Primary Road system of approximately
5,700 miles was laid out. Since then the acts have been
amended from time to time and the State Primry Road mileage
has increased to 12,000 or 14,000 miles.
ORGAB151TIOB I

The State Highway Comissi on is a beard consisting of
four members from four designated districts of the State.
1ppointed by the governor the comiesioners have control
ef all mtters pertaining to the location, construction,
and maintenance and improvement of roads and bridges on or
comprising the Primary System of State Highways. 1n execu- °
tive inspector is appointed by the governor for a ten of
four years. 1n accompanying organisation chart will convey

how the work is distributed.

 

 

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35.

111111038

The revenue from a 0.5 mill tax, gasoline tax, motor
license tax plus other miscellaneous revenues make up the
State fund. 1llotment of Pederal 1id in amount of
$17,000,000.
PROGRESS

Up to the present year there is in the State of
Kentucky a little over 4,475 miles of roads umer State
maintenance. This shows that less than 55% of their miles
have been improved. Kentucky is coming forward under
correct ideals in regard to traffic needs and future plan-
ning. Beautification of roads and of permanent highways
is beginning to be practiced. Standard bridge and highway
cross sections can be found on all the newer projects.
BIBLIOGR1PHI~

linth Biennial Report of the State Highway Commission

Commonwealth of Kentucky
Highways Green Book 1820 1 1 1
Haterial submitted by W. O. Snyder Office Engineer.

35.

LOUISI1I1
HISTORY AND LBGISLATIOB,

In 1910 the State Highway Department was organised
and the same legislation provided a permanent policy for
distribution of State aid in.the form of money and also the
use of convict labor. 1 state highway engineer selected
by the Board of State hgineers, and is executive offi car
of the State Highway Department. He is vested with the
power over improvements, standards of construction, and a
designation of a system of State highways.

In 1920 approximately 5,000 miles was included as a
State system. Little improved roads were completed at that
time, but some 200 miles were under construction. Desig-
nated as State 11d are moneys up to 50% of the total cost
of the improvement.

ORG1HIZ1TIOB

1 Board of State Engineers is appointed by the governor.
The Board selects a State thhway Engineer and under his
supervision is the remainder of the employees necessary to
complete the organisati on of construction, maintenance and
improvements.

11118028
The revenue for State Highway itemisee as automobile

licenses, chauffeur's licences, gasoline tax, 0.8. Pederal
1id, Parish know as county refunds, and interest. 1t the

per cent due to various causes there is a deficit in the

dept:

PROGE

6,52C
Iilea
to It

tion.

the a
ditic
to-da

P1031

Em

«“

37.

department.
PROGRESS

The total mileage of the State Highway system is 9,055,
6,520 of which is unler maintenance. Louisiana has a small
mileage 225 approximately under construction at present due
to the fact of making up a deficit of a previous administra-
tion.

The unit cost- of construction is high as compared to
the average unit cost of other states due to existing con-
ditions. However, intensive attempts to build modern, up-
to-date highways to meet traffic needs to the upmost is in
progress and each year shows an increase over the previous.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Statement of Pacts isned by Louisiana Highway

Comissi on 1929
Highways Green Book 1920 1 1 1.

Il‘i

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ecti.

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MAINE

HISTORY AND LEGISTLATION

The first part the State of Maine took in providing
State aid for road construction was by virtue of an act-
passed in 1901. Only $15,000 was provided for apgropriation.
Each Legislature increased the appropriation and of course
the work gradually increased. The act provided for State
aid to the towns of the State and the work was under the dir-
ection of the county commissioners. In 1905 an act was
passed providing for the appointment of a State highway Coma
mmssioner. Ehis did not.place the work under the immediate
direction of the commissioner by his duty was to advise the
towns in matters relating to roads or in other words his duty
was of an advisory nature. ghe work was first placed under
the direction of the State department or the State Highway
Commissioner in 1908. The werk still consisted of what we
know as State aid road construction, that is, the State co-
operated with the town and paid a part oi the cost of the
construction. The mdntenance of the roads ouilt was taken
care of entirely by towns and the fitate aid did not partici-
pate in maintenance work. There was also a provision that
any funds available after taking care of the apportionments
to the towns for State aid road work could be used for the
Oonstruction of so-called trunk line roads. Very little of
this so-called trunk line construction was done however until
1914.

In 1913 the Legislature passed an act which provided

for a State Highway commission which consisted of three members

59.
and classified the roads of the State into three general
classes: first, State highways; second, State aid highways
and third, class highways. Pnivisions were made to carry on
the cooperative work with the towns in the way of State aid
road construction and also the construction of State highways.
The construction of State highways was financed for a bond
issue of $2,000,000. The commission form of organization.has
carried on since 1913. Amendments have been made to the
State Constitution to increase the limits of bond issues at
various times and the last Legislature increased this limit
to $31,000,000. Previous bond issues have been practically
exhausted and the latest provision is for a bond issure of
$15,000,000 of-which $10,000,000 is for roads and $5,000,000
is for bridges. The 1915 law also provided for the mintenance
of highways to wnich the State has contributed in cost. In
1919 the Legislature provided for the construction of thind
class highways. In 1915 a general bridge law was passed which
provided State and county aid for the construction of bridges.
There has been various amendment; to the laws for the same
general scheme of carrying on the work has been followed since
1913.
ORGANIZATICH

The state Highway Commission is appointed by the governor
consists of three members and their term.of office is for three
years. !he communion selects and appoints a chief engineer
who has general charge of the office, the records and all

construction and maintenance work. An accomplanying chart

will convey the general lay out of the organisation.

  
 

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FIKABCES

State highway construction is financed by bond issue
plus Federal Aid funds. State aid road construction is
financed by appropriation funds of $500,000 plus 37%% of the
revenue from gasoline tax plus a part of the revenue from
automobile fees if required plus town appropriations. For
third class highway constructiontheyhave part of a mill tax
highway fund plus 12%% of the gasoline tax receipts. For
maintenance 50% of the gasoline tax finds plus town approp-
riations plus part of the automobile registration fees. For
bridge work a bond issue of $1,000,000 which is supple-
mented by county and town funds. The State participates
in one-half the cost of snow removal up to a maximum of
$25.00 per mile , the balance being paid by the towns. To
provide funds for this the receipts from.the gasoline tax for
December, January, February and March are set aside for snow
removal. Any part of these funds not used are transferred
back to the other accounts in the proper proportions.
PROGRESS

From ls13 to 1929 inclusive, as a result of construction
and reconstruction, there were constructed as State highways
790.97 miles of gravel; 2.1 miles of macadam; 3.77.miles of
sand clay; 278.82 miles of bituminous macadam and 121.4 miles
of concrete. For the same years the following miles of State
roads were constructed: 44.51 miles graded and drained; 3.31
miles of sand clay; 2711.09 miles of gravel; 17.82 miles of
water bound macadam; 47.71 miles bituminous macadam; 8.97

miles of block pavement and 29.78 miles of concrete. From

1920 to 1929 as third class roads there were 843.33 miles

41.
constructed. There is appoximately 5,000 mites under main-
tenance patrol.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

HIthAYB GREEN 500K 1920 A A A

A LETTLR SUBEITThD BY LUCAS D. BAPiONS, CHIEF LEGIKELR

42.

mm

HISTORY m) IEGISLATIOI

!he State Roads commission was created by an act of
the General Assembly in 1908 consisting of six:members; the
governor, ex-cfficio; and five to'be appointed by the
governor. Another member was added in 1910. A system was
laid out in 1908 mainly to connect Baltimore City with.the
counties and the county seats with each other. is a result
about 1200 miles were determined upon. the next June (1909)
the first contract for State road construction was let. By
the end of the year construction and design was well under
way. In 1910 purchases of a number of turnpikes which
meant abolishme‘nt-of the toll gate thereon. By the end of
1911, 555 miles of new State road had been completed at a
cost of over $4,037,000. lhen the Commission was created
a bond issue of $5,000,000 was passed. In 1912 another was
authorised in amount $3,170,000. in office of Assistant
Chairman was created and filled by appointment. The Right-
ofdiay Department was also created. The organisation of the
Purchasing Department took place later in the year. In71916
Legislation was passed reducing the Commission from 7 to 5
members. $27,000,000 was also appropriated and the expendi-
ture of this was concentrated on the filling in of gap and

plans were laid accordingly by the new commission. Convict

labor was used first in 1917. It proved less expensive and

45.

served as a relief for the labor problem at that time.
In 1920 a $5,000,000 loan for the construction of rural
post roads, lateral roads and extension of the State Road
System. In 1922 the gasoline tax was passed ._
ORGAIIZATIOI

Ihe governor appoints the Commission consisting of a
chairman and two comissioners. A secretary is also
appointed and is charged with duties under his title. A
chief engineer aided by an assistant, chief auditor, and
purchasing agent are also next in line of duty.

HMCEB

rho finances come to the use of the State Roads Commis-
sion through appropriations. Counties match the State Aid
funds. Appropriations from federal Aid; bond issues and
loans are the formthe local appropiation take.

BROOKE!

It would be hard to trace the progress exactly in this
writing. But a steady increase has taken place since the
creation of the Comission. Relocations and improved sur-
faces are in constant construction. At the end of 1925 over
2,500 miles had been completed. A mileage of new roads
added to the system is about 150 miles per year. Mainten-

ance of the entire system is in progress, as well as the
project of widening all the shoulders of the 15 foot pavement.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Report of the State Roads Commission of laryland, l912-26°

44.

MASSACHUSETTS

HISTORY AND LEGISLATION

The era of the turnpikes commenced in lhssachusetts
in 1796, when the General Court passed the first act for the
incorpaoration of a private company for the sonatruction and
maintenance of a toll highway, designated as a turnpike.
Financially these roads were not a success by they continued
until the end of the turnpike era about 1850. An act passed
by the Legislature in 1845 authorized the county commissioners
to lay out any turnpime as a public way. Some of the turnpikes
built between the years 1796 and 1845 are the main roads of
the present system. Gradually,the present-day demands for
high-speed roads is eliminating these old picturesque roads.

An act was passed in 1892 entiled "An Act to Establish
a Commission to Improve the Highways of the Commonwealth."
This commission consisting of three members was appointed by
the governor in the same year.‘ It was instructed to investi-
gate the best and most practical methods for the construction
and maintenance of highways, the establishment of State or
County highways, and make recommendations in regards to costs,
routes and materials. This commission terminated in February
1893 but tuned out a most favorable report revealing the exact
state of affairs of the highways. In 1893 the Massachusetts
Highway Commission was created. Three members were appointed
the term of office for three years, one retiring each year.
It was authorized to appoint an engineer and to employ experts
and assistants necessary. D'uch powers and duties were delegated

to the Commission as were necessary to perform.the functions

45.
of the department. étandards were devised and materials
selected for construction and maintenance.

Legislative acts followed which were numerous but aided
the needs and activities of the commission. In 1918 legislation
took place which abolished the Highway Commission as well as
the Commission of Waterways and Public Works and created the
Department oi Public Works. 1'his functioned with four members
as Associate Commissioners and one Uommissioner. in 1927
the two divisions of highways and Waterways and Public Lands
were consolidated into one Department with only two Associate
Commissioners.

ORGALIZATIOK

A Chief Engineer is designated for the Department with
several groups who report to him.for carrying out the engineer-
ing work. For the highways there segen districts each with
a Highway District mngineer, for Waterways there two . Another
group is designated to have definite responsibility for cer-
tain phases of the highway work. This group includes the
Project, Construction, Maintenance and Bridge bngineers. Their
titles describe their duties. An accompanying chart will give
the general lay out of the personnel. '

FINAhCnS

Early financing was done by bond issues consisting of
approximately $14,000,000 to 1918. The iorm.of revenue are
receipts of.motor vehicle registration, state and local taxes,
Federal Aid and gasoline tax. .
PROGRESS

The total mileage of the designated State highway routes

ORGANIZATION CHhRI uF NASSACHBSETTS DERRARTHENT OF
PUBLIC WORKS

 

GOVERNOR

 

 

 

 

 

COHMISSIOH OF PUBLIC WORKS

 

 

 

 

 

 

cam simmers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

L T
7 DISTRICT HIGHWAY ' I‘DISTRICT PROJECT ENGINEER

 

 

 

 

ENGINEERS WATERWAY ENGINEERS MAINTENANCE '
' CorsrRUcrlon '

BRIDGE '

 

 

The entire engineering force of the Department consists of
over 500 engineers, besides the necessary superindentents

clerks and stenographers.

 

 

46.

is 2,667. Completed surfaces at the end of 1928 amounted to

1587.miles.

TYPE MILEAGE comma. Tin) %
Concrete 242.6 15.3
Bituminous 977.4 61.7
Watcrooand hacadam 242.1 15.5
Gravel 90.9 - 5.7
Dirt 7.1 .4
Eiscellaneous . 26.9 1.6

Total 1587.0 100.0 %
BIBLIOGRAPHY

'hassachusetts' nightays" by Arthur w. sean

Chief Engineer

47.

MICHIGAI

HISTORY AND LECISLATIOI

The State Highway Department was established in 1905
. and the office of State Highway Commissioner was created
under the same act. In 1913 the trunk line highway act was
passed, which delineated certain highways as State Reward
Roads. In 1917 provisions were made to assent to the pro-
visions of rederal Aid and further amendments were made in
1919. The use of convicts is practised Iuth.a saving.
Both county and state prisoners are used. Further legisla-
tion has taken place since to meet the various needs of
the Department.
ORGANIZATIOI

The State Highway Commissioner is elected by the people.
He appoints two deputies, one of whom.sha11'be the Chief
Engineer, the other the Business manager. The State is
divided into divisions, four in the Lower Peninsula and one
in the Upper Peninsula, each having a.Drvisicn.Engineer in
charge. There are eleven various departments in charge of
the duties executed under the direction of a Departmental
Engineer.

IIIAHCEB
Besides the fund for State Highway Department purposes

three other funds are used for highway purposes, these are:
The Highway Bond Sinking lund, the Grand Trunk Right-of-Way

48.

Fund, 8tate Jerry land. Revenue is derived from motor

license fees, gasoline tax, and an appropriated maintenance
fund.
IROGREBB

Itmay be said that the approximate total mileage of
the state is 80,000. The trunk line system includes 7,543.8
miles. A division of types is given in the following table:

mileage '5 of total

 

 

unsurfaced 560.9 7.4
fiend Clay Surface 95.7 1.3
Gravel Surface 5,733.9 49.5
Ibeadam Surface 695.3 9.2
Cement Concrete 2,164.3 88.6
Other pavement 303.5 4.0

7,543.7 100.0

in intensive movement is in progress to eliminate
railroad grade crossings and narrow bridges.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Twelfth'Biennial Report of the State Highway Commission-
er 1988 State of.Michigan

Highways Green Book 1980 1.1 L.

49.

.IISIRSOTA

HISTORY LID LEGISLATION

Minnesota adopted State aid in 1905 when a commissioner
was appointed who was the chief officer of the State Highway
Department. Provisions were made to finance and supervise
the work of selecting and constructing a system to which
State aid was to be administered.
DECISIZATIOI

The Commissioner is the chief officer of the Department.
He in turn.appoints a deputy commissioner and chief engineer
who has supervision of the technical work of the Department.
A.chief bridge engineer, construction engineer, maintenance
and chief clerk have respective offices and duties.

HNANCES

The State road and bridge fund is created by an annual
tax levy of one mill on each dollar of taxable valuation,
all money scouring from investments of the internal improve-
ment land fund, 6% from the sale of 11.3. lands, proceeds
from milk and cream testing licenses and the net proceeds
from motor vehicle slicenses. The Pederal Aid allotments
amount to over $9,000,000 per annum.

PROGRESS .

The State trunk highway system comprises 6,000 miles.
Some 4,700 miles has been improved by the State and is
maintained. About 2,100 miles has been improved since 1920.

50.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Highways Green Book 1920 A A A
Highway Administration and finance, Agg and Brindley

to data was secured from the Minnesota Department.

51.

IISSISSIPPI

HISTOH! LID LEISLATIOI

In 1916 a State Highway Comission was created, but no
provisions were nmde for the use of State funds for road
constiuoticn. It was designed to carry out plans of expen-
diture providing a bond issue was approved. The Comission
appointed a State Highway Engineer which constituted the
State Highway Department.
ORGANISATIOH

The governor appoints the Commission who in turn
appoints the highway engineer. His duties are to prepare
plans for improvement of main roads and bridges and thereby
form a complete cysts of highways thruout the State. He
also is required to approve local plans and specifications
before they are accepted locally. The Commission ccnsi sts
of a chairman and secretary and two other members.
113W

lo State fume are available with which to aid the
counties or to meet federal Aid. Collection of motor
vehicle registration fees go to the county in which
collected. The State Highway Department acts as agent for
the counties in Tederal aid construction. An appropriation
per annum for the support of the Highway Department.
TmGRRSS

lississi‘ppi has a total mileage of 66,100 miles of
which 6,720 miles is under the state system. Only 2,600

miles of this has been approved up to 1928.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Highways Green Book 1980 A A A

lo data was secured from the State of Mississippi.

53.

HBSOURI
HISTORY AID LMIBIATIOH

trier to 1907 highway improvement was left entirely
to the county courts but there was no coordination of plan
between the adjoining counties, so laws were passed in that
year providing for the appointment of county highway
engineers who were to have charge of all work and equipment.
it the same time another law was passed providing for a
State Highway Engineer to be appointed by the Board of
.Agrilulture. In 1909 a ”general state road fund" was
created, one-half the same to match county funds.

In 1913 a considerable portion of the old acts were
repealed and provisions for the appointment of a.Highway
Commissioner‘by the governor were made. He was to select
a system of state roads. In 1917 assent to the federal
Aid acts was passed upon. In.the same year legislation
‘was passed to provide for a Bi-partison Board of four
members to be appointed by the governor, with the consent
of the Senate. Ihe‘Board was empowered to appoint a High-
'way Engineer. In 1919 this law was ammended to add a
State Highway Superintendent and all other necessary
employees. rho State was divided into six districts, or
divisions and a.division engineer appointed for each. In
1981 provisions were made to establish a State Highway
8ystem.and for spending the proceeds of the 360,000,000

bond issue authorised the previous year.

ORGAIIZATIOI
the Department is headed by the Highway Commission,
consisting of four members appointed by the governor and
the State Geologist who acts in an advisory capacity. !he
Commission appoints a chief engineer, secretary, and a
legal adviser. An accompanying chart will convey the plan.
ITIAHCIS
She Department is financed by current revenues. These
_ are classified as basic, incidental and advanced revenues.
The sources of these revenues are given.in a following table.
the “road fund' is credited with all above sources expept
a portion of the automobile registration which goes to
another Yroad‘bcnd interest and sinking fund."
Receipts from all sources
Basic Revenue:
lwtor vehicle law
Gasoline‘tax
Corporation registration fee.
Incidental Revenue:
Sale of blue prints and federal equipment
Interest on bank balances
Refunds on material
lflscellaneous
lbtor bus fee
Secretary of State interest

Accrued bond interest.

  
   

 

,7 .5

- .‘I' n ”a"! t,

e "'1 I

. - ". . .
gDRGJNIZATION CHART OF THE IISSOURI STATE HIGHWAY i
l I .' \
COMMISSION .. i

’ e 0"

. ., -'.‘

\ .a 5’:

'3‘5‘3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘, STATE HIGHWAY comxssxonj
:‘f- -. -J ‘ 'I 4 :L r -
gg‘ncnmmfl EH13? woman] [LEGAL misogj _

O .

 

 

 

0’ -~ _ .
l ' i -
on, for .szcn. or BNGR, or anon, 0F
-10 “if: ‘
SYLEYS HATERI’ALS
' ', 7‘. BRIDGES onsmucnon

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10 DIVISION ENGINEERS

 

 

 

 

men. or CONSTRUCTION
l .

[ans 11mm ENGINEER]

INSPECTORS , J . f . r,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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55.

Advance funds:
rederal aid
Sale of road bonds.
the yearly totals amount to approximtely $24,000,000,

60$ of which is basic revenue.

PMGREBB

the system as now located embraces 7,627 miles and
estimated to cost in round numbers $206,700,000.
10% of this has been graded

65$ “ " “ " surfaced
31$ " “ “ " concret ed.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Shird, fourth, l‘ifth, and Sixth Biennial Report of
the State Highway Commission of Missouri, beginning 1920

and ending 1928 .

56.

EMA

HISTORY All!) IEGISLATIOH

In 1917 the governor appointed a Commission of twelve
members of whom not more than six were to belong to the
some political party. Three members were appointed each
year for a term of four years. One member is appointed
from each of the twelve highway districts into which the
State is divided. Roads are selected by the Commission for
the system to receive State Aid. the Commission also so-
operates with the county commissioners and divides the roads
into two classes, primary and secondary.
ORGAIIZATIOI

The Commission has three members which are the Execu-
tive Committee. The Commission has full power to do all
necessary things to fully carry out the cooperation con-
templated and provided for by the Federal aid road act.
A chief engineer is employed to handle all construction
work.
HHAHCIS

A portion of the automobile registration fees. A
015,000,000 bond isme produces revenue which is used on
State aid. The Rederal aid allotments are matched and thus
the highway fund is annually established.

PmCRESS
lontana has approximtely 67,000 miles in the total

mileage of the State. The State system comprises 7,967 miles

57.

of this up to 1928 only 1,562 miles had been improved.
sisnocmm '

Highways Green Book 1920 A A A

lo answer to the request for data was received from

the department of highways.

58.

IEBRASKA

HISTORY AID EEGISLAIIOI

Drevious to 1919 all construction work to which the
State contributed money aid was carried on.under the direc-
tion of the State Board of Irrigation, Highways and Drain-
age. In 1919 a reorganization was effected and the Board
was placed under the Jurisdieticn of the Department of
Public Icrks, under the direction of a secretary who was
appointed by the governor for a term of two years. Also a
system was established comprising 98 routes and approximately
4,500 miles.‘ The cost of construction was paid by the State
highway fund and State and Federal funds combined to construct
State highways.
ORGAIIZATIOI

An accompanying organisation.ohart will convey the plan.
IIHAICIS

The State derives revenue fer State road and bridge
purposes by a three mills on.the dollar on all assessable
property in the State, by one-fifth mill tax on the dollar,
which produces what is known as the State aid bridge fund,
and by three-fourths of the net receipts from the automobile
registration fee. rederal Aid allotments are matched.
PROGRESS

The total mileage of State and Federal highways when
completed equals 8,012 miles.

 

 

         

  

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59.

The following table will give the status of construc-

tion in 1928:

 

Gravel roads 3,761 miles
Paved ' 165 '
Oiled gravel 6 '
Permanent grade without surfacing 750 '
Temporary 7 ' ' 11084 '
unimproved 552 '
Total maintained . 6,398 S

Add mileage on system not maintained 19714

——

Total state a highway mileage 8.012
BIBLIOGRAIE!

State of’lebraska, Department of Public Horks,‘Report

of Secretary 1927-1928
Highways Green.Bock 1920 A A A.

60.

. IEVADA
msmom.m moismmon
The State Highway Department was created in 1917. It
consisted of a board of directors of three members. Provi-
sions were made to designate a system of highways and to
finance the improvements thereof. In 1918 the first con-
tracts were let. lot much was accomplished because of'the
‘war. 1921 And 1922 proved to show greater progress.
Ammendments were made to the original acts as was needed.
Convict labor is used in construction of State highways.
ORGAHIZATIOH
The Board of Directors is appointed by the governor.
The Board selects the Highway‘Hngineer who in turn.employs
necessary assistants.
A personnel table of the Department of Highways:
Chairman of Board of Directors
Two Directors
State Highway Engineer
Assistant Highway Engineer
Office Engineer and Secretary of Board of Directors
Chief Accountant
Departmental Chiefs
Pour Division Engineers.

11113038

Revenue is derived from:

61

 

$ of total
lsderal Aid 48.70
County 111 16.20
‘Railroad and other aid 2.10
Sales 8 Service 8.00
State Property tax. 1.00
Gasoline'tax 11.80
Racing Commission tax .40
Bond issue 4.80
liscellaneous 2 .00
100

PROGRESS
‘A table showing miles completed, under construction,
and unimproved as of December 1, 1928:

 

 

Ibdera1.Aid System State Highways
Completed In! Completed On-
a under Improved Total a under improved Total
1808.7 255.4 1564.8 252.9 1756.4 1989.5

Entire State

Completed on-
8 under improved Total
Const.

 

1561.7 1991.8 3553.5

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sixth Biennial Report of Department of Highways,
State of Nevada, 1927-1928

62.

Laws Relating to Highways, Motor Vehicles, Gasoline
Tax, etc., 1929.

63.

m HAMPSHIRE

HISTORY m IEGISLATIOI

In 1897 the legislature authorized a Commission of
three members to lay out a highway from Salisbury to Port
Point. A.plan and report was submitted in 1900 and the
work was completed in 1902. The next year more roads were
laid out until in 1905 there were some 500 miles of pro-
posed roads to be built by State moneys costing $1,000,000.
In 1915 the legislature abolished the office of State
Engineer and created a State Highway Department, in charge
of a highway Commissioner appointed by the governor for
five years.

ORG“ IZATIOI

The Commissioner appoints his assistants, consisting
of construction, bridge, materials, office and public
relations engineers. The State is divided into ten dis-
tricts, each under a division engineer. An accompanying
chart shows the present organisation of the Department
muons

Revenue is derived from motor vehicle fees, rederal
aid allotments, gasoline tax, special appropriations, and
income to accounts.

PROGRESS
Prior to 1916 improvement of the trunk line roads was

largely surfaced with plain gravel of which 499.3 miles had

\

ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTLENT
STATE OF NEW MSHIRE

 

 

channels a councn.

 

 

 

 

 

moms? comSSIom a sum Helms

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[PUBLIC RELATIONS -‘ omen mugging names cum CLERK
I ENGR. #8928 w. ' ' 316R MR4. T
1.0 DIVISION shamans
man-mum: ‘LABS'T Dfié' E i ‘1
Room ’ '
- ' roam

 

 

 

 

Insane ions

 

 

 

 

54.

been constructed while 128.2 miles had been surfaced with
water bond macadam. In 1928 the system contains 2,360
miles, 1,287 of Ihich have been improved.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Survey of transportation on the State Highways of let

Hampshire, 192'!
In Hampshire Higths, December, 1928
Highways Green Book 1920 A A A.

65.

m JERSEY

HISTORY AND EEGISLATIOI

.1 State aid law was first passed by the legislature
in 1891. under the original law the administration of the
Department of Public Roads was vested in the Secretary of
the State Department of Agriculture. In 1894 the State
Aid Act was amended to provide for the appointment of a
Commissioner of public roads. In 1899 provisions were
made for a State Highway Engineer to assist the Commissioner.
In 1917 the legislature passed the Edge Highway Act provid-
ing for the establishment of a State Highway system. A
State Highway Department was established in the semeyear
and a commission.of eight members was appointed, also a
State Highway Engineer, assistant highway engineer, and a
secretary.

convict labor is used to construct roads.
OHGAIIZATIOH

the work or the Department is divided into four branches,
the Administrative, the 1mgineering3 the State Labor Divi-
sion and the maintenance Division. the governor is ex-otficc
member of the Commission.
IIIABODB

The State road tax o£.one mill on each dollar of assessed
valuation and is expended for construction of State highways.
The income irom.the motor vehicle, licenses, fines, and fees

is appropriated to the Department, to be apportioned for the

66.

repair antmaintenance of roads. federal aid and legisla-

ture appropriati one.

PROGM
Up to 1919, 2,150 miles of State aid roads had been

constructed. 1 large amount of construction and repairing
was done by counties and townships.

DIDMOGRAIH!
Highways Green Bock 1980 A A 1

lo data was received from the State Highway Department

upon request .

67.

IEH'NEEICO

HISTORY AID DEGISLATIOH

8tate aid began in 1909, a Commission, bipartisan, of
three members was appointed by the governor, was placed at
the head of the 8tate Highway Department. The Commission
is required to construct and maintain at the expense of
the State road which best serves the needs of the public,
working toward a complete system of highways. In 1919 the
office of county road superintendent was created. Appointed
by the governor the superintendent has full control over
all road except those under the control of the State
Highway Commission.

Convict labor is used and agreement is made with the
penitentiary comissioners to such extent.
OHGKIIZLTIOI

the Commission which is appointed by the governor
consists of a president, secretary, and a member. It in
turn appoints a State Highway Engineer.
IIHAHCEB

the State Road fund is derived from all net automobile
license fees, receipts from a 4-1/2 mill State wide tax,
and the receipts from an excise tax of 2 cents per gallon
on gasoline.

23063388
The total state mileage of new nexico is over 48,000

miles, 9,200 of“which is under the State system. fhere

has been before 1923 about 5,400 miles completely improved.
BIDDIOGRABHY
Highways Green Book 1920 A A A
Data was not received from the Department of Highways,
low Mexico.

70.

NEW YORK

HISTORY AND DEGISLATIOI

In 1893 a legislative commission was appointed to
investigate the problems of State aid, in 1898 laws were
passed as a favorable result of the investigation. The
purpose of the law was to improve the main traveled roads
between population centers. The State was required to pay
60$, the county 36% and the town or adjoining property 15%
of the cost of construction as per plans of state engineers.
The Department was created upon this basis and as changes
'were needed legislation was provided.

Convict labor is used in the construction of State
aid roads.

ORGAI 12M! 0]
The State Commission of Highways consists of a single

commissioner appointed by the governor for a term of five
years. In turn the commissioner appoints a secretary, an
auditor and three deputy commissioners.

1n accompanying chart conveys the make up of the
organization.

FIILNCEB

runds are derived from receipts of automobile regis-
tration, receipts from.sa1e of bond issues, and property
taxes. federal Lid allotments at present amount to approx-

imately $3,555,000.

‘-

ORGANIZATION CHART 0F THE.NI"YORKC8TATE HIGHWKY DEPARTIENT
STAIE OF HEW'YORK

 

now:
comma.

1.

comssmm or HIGHWAYS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

r 1
[SECRETARU [AUDIT-op)

 

AA A _

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- L l ' 1 '
[flasr DEPUTY 33001191)st mm mm
FIELD ENGR§

 

 

 

 

 

humans or wisps]

 

 

 

 

 

9 DIVISION ENGINEERS DISTRICT
SUPERVISORS

 

 

 

 

 

 

!
[gonsmuor ION Manama

 

 

'71.

PROGRESS

In 1918, 12,530 miles were included in the State
highway system, of which 8,050 miles had been improved.
In 1928 the ”total mileage of the state system included
13,950 miles of which 10,250 miles had been improved.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Highway Administration 3. Finance, Agg and Brindley.

Highways Green Book 1920 A A A

lo data was received from the Department.

72.

HORTH CAROLINA

HISTORY AID ORGANIZATION

About 1915 the State Highway Commission was appointed.
Cooperation in construction work and advice with the county
and local districts were the first activities. rederal aid
was taken advantage of’and the Department expanded to meet
the needs of activities.

Bond legislation in 1917 provided the Department with
funds, but were soon found inadequate.

Convict labor is used on the state road system, exer-
cising a great saving. '

ORGAHIZATIOI
The Commission is composed of four members appointed by

the governor for a term of 2, 4 and 6 years. The Commission
employs a State highway engineer and any other assistants
as necessary.

IIIANGIS

Hlvenue is derived from motor registration fees which
is the major portion of the fund. Receipts from the sale
of a small bond issue annually and the rederal aid allot-
ments comprise the rest.

PROGRESS
During 1919, 600 miles were built but at the present

some 7,300 miles have been.improved. lo system is selected
but the aha is to tie up the most important road to form a

system as they are built.

BIBLIOGRAPH!
Highways Green Book

19 20

AAA.

75.

74.

HOHTH DmKDTA

HISTOET AND LEGISLATION

It may be said that in.lorth Dakota State highway
legislation'began.with the passage in 1909 of the law provid-
ing for the establishment of a “good read experiment sta-
tion“ at Bismarck. A law providing for the registration
of motor vehicles was passed in 1911. In the same year a
law was passed to provide that the State‘nmgineer should
furnish information on.road conditions. The first State
Highway Commissionnwae created in 1913 consisting of the
governor (chairman), the State Engineer (secretary) and a
member appointed by the governor. This functioned until
1917.mcstly on paper when_a stronger law was provided
which placed it on a working'basis. The principal provi-
sions of the law are as follows: Creation of a State
Highway Commission composed of the governor, who is
chairman, the state engineer who is to be the chief
engineer and sewretary, and who is to receive $1,000
annually in addition to his salary as State Engineer, the
Commissioner of Labor and Agriculture and two members
appointed by the governor, who are to receive $10 per day
when serving and necessary traveling expenses.

The powers and duties of the above legislation
resolved into the essential features of the State availed
itself of the Federal aid road act and provided State aid

for the construction of state highways. This was amended‘

75.

slightly from time to time but no great changes were made
and is the principle functions which the department oper-
ates cn at present.
ORGAIIZATIOI

An organization chart will convey the make up of the
organisation. The commission is authorised to create fund
layout and construct roads and expend moneys provided for
the same.
IIHARCRS

runds are derived far the automobile registration
fees or a portion thereof; maintenance funds which are
receipts of a poll tax and property tax; and Federal Aid
allotments.

PROGRESS
The State Highway system was limited to 7,500 miles

and the construction and maintenance thereof was placed
under the entire control of the Commission.

Todate there has been completed approximately 4,500
miles of earth graded roads, about 2,500 miles of which is
gravel surfaced, about 10 miles paved, and about 50 miles
treated with.tar. The present funds enables the Department
to grade about 500 miles each year and gravel and surface
an equal amount. Whether maintenance and construction of

the entire system under the present revenues can be carried

on is doubtful.

ORGARIZATION CHART OF 'i'iilb‘ NORTH DAKOTA
STAN HIGIMAY OCEMISSION

 

 

‘ NORTH DAKOTA
STATE mommy commsalon

CRIEF EhGlNEF-R dc SECRETARY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l
i r I L I 7
Ema. OF RESEARCH. cousm PROJLCT MAINTENANCE BRIDGE.
ALD DESIGN xNCR ENGR ENGR anon .'
DRAFTSL‘EEN OFFICE Dmrsrmn
8: ENGR g;
DESIGNERS DESIGNERS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6 DIVISION ENGINEERS

1

RESIDENT mass

1

 

 

INSPEC TORS
INS TRUllENTMEN

 

 

BODIEN

 

 

76.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Data submitted by the Earth Dakota State Highway
Connissi on
Highways Green Book 1920 A A A.

77.

OHIO

HISTORY AND BEGISLATIOI

The.Department was organised in 1904 but the work done
was more or less adviser work with the local districts. In
the beginning of the war (1917) the establishment of mili-
tary camps and the truck traffic caused an effective course
of operations in program of road construction.

Due to a poorly stablised administration between 1919
and 1921 not much was accomplished and by the fall of 1922
operations‘began to take form in revewed spirit. The system
was expanded and new standards adopted which produced an
increase in the improvement pregram.of the reads. A two
cent gasoline tax was enacted in 1925 and raised in 1927.
ORGANIZATIOE

The organization chart will show the make up of the
Department in regard to personnel titles.

IIRANCES
The revenues of the State Highway Department are derived

from.four sources as follows: auto license fees, motor bus
taxes, two cent gasoline tax and one cent gasoline tax. A
respective percentage of these go directly to the State fund
and the remainder goes to the county from which benefits
are derived.
PROGRESS

The following table will give the status of the road

mileage to 1928:

t-

\ _ "

.,’V

 

'*0RCARI.2.AT10R CHART 01¢ DI-RARIIIRRT OF HI‘G..-‘I.AYS . .

STATE OF OHIO

 

 

rovERRCR
[DIRECTOR 0E IIIGRJAZS . .. L I . g3

 

 

 

 

 

, ‘- Lu _-
[_C;iIEF EIGIR‘EERJ ' . r _... 1.5:; 4,!

 

. {I CHIEF 3 'ERCR ,

 

 

 

 

J—ep

, CRIE’F 11 CR7

" 0.01181ng 1.01;; a;

 

CHIEF El .GR

 

 

 

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TRAFFIC I ' _‘AUD‘I‘T“ __

 

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ll divisions . :» - ‘ ‘.T'JLI

 

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78.

State Highway System

 

 

 

2,047.43 Bituminous Macadam
1,420.47 Brick
1,289.17 Water bound macadam
879.94 Reinforced Concrete
844.17 Concrete
212.34 Sheet Asphalt
173.69 Kentucky Rock Asphalt
63.67 Bituminous Concrete
3,470.27 Traffic bound Macadam
10,401.06 Total Mileage Improved
602.66 ‘ Earth Mileage.
qugty and Townshipsttems
2,122.74 Bituminous macadam
267.67 Brick
6,926.07 Water bound macadam
186.49 Reinforced Concrete
449.00 Concrete
48.67 Sheet asphalt
22.21 .Kentucky Hock Asphalt
47.16 Bituminous Concrete
26,012.24 Traffic Bound macadam
34,081.14 Total‘uileage Improved
39,672.30 ' Earth Mileage
40,274.95 Miles Earth Total
44,;82.19 ' Improved '

 

84,757.15 7

Grand Total of public roads

79.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Report of Department of Highways, State of Ohio,
1917 to 1928, inclusive.

80.

OKLAHOMA
HISTORI AID LEGISLATIOH

The highway department was organised in 1916. Its
duties were to prepare plans and specifications for con-
traction of roads and bridges and advise counties as to
same. In 1917 the department was authorized to accept
federal aid and match funds. In 1919 a $60,000,000 bond
issue was presented to offset federal aid funds, but failed
to be passed because it was unconstitutional.

Convict labor is required to be worked on the public
highways and cost is borne by the prison funds.
ORGAIIZATIOI

A Commissioner has charge of the State Highway Depart-
ment and is appointed by the governor. He in turn appoints
a state engineer as well as other assistants.
fIHAHOES

Property taxes are used to form the construction fund.
Another source of revenue is a 'grcss production tax" of
0.” of the gross value of asphalt as well as other ores,
and 3% of the gross value of oils and natural gas produced
in the State. Legislature appropriations and federal Aid
complete the list of revenues.

PROGIESS
Iork has been hampered by insufficient appropriations

but the total mileage of the State is over 134,000 and only
6,141 miles comes urfler the State system. The number of

improved miles is 3,000.

81.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Highways Green Book 1920 A A A

lo data was received from the Department upon request.

88.

ORIGOH

HISTORY AND IEGISLATIOH

State aid was adopted in 1913 in the State of Oregon.
The original act provided that plans for market road work
be prepared and submitted to the State Highway Comission
for approval and if so the funds be turned over to the
counties. There was no division of authority, so amendments
in 1926 created the office of county engineer which exer-
cises the authority by their own methods. Other legisla-
tion was provided when needed to exercise the principles
‘ originally drawn, that of giving State aid toward the
improvement of highways.

Convict labor may be used upon request of the county
engineers.
ORGAHIZATIOR

The Commission consists of three members appointed by
the governor. It in turn appoints the highway engineer and
other assistants. An accompanying organization chart will
show the make up of the department.
muons

Revenue is derived from the following: motor vehicle
license fees, gasoline and distillate tax, motor transpor-
tation fees, and interest a nd fines. The total for
biennium 1927-1928 was approximately $18,219,000.

PROGRESS
The total mileage of the state comprises 49,760 miles,

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of this 4,570 miles come under the State system. Some
3,585 miles has been improved.

30.6$ of miles of highvay under 8tate system paved

2 . 6% " " " " " " " Bit . maesdam
a5 ’1‘ u I I a n n a 011.6. a
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14 .8% " " " " " " " unimproved .
IIBIIIOGRLPBY

Eighth Biennial Report of the State Highway Commission
1927-1988 State of Oregon

State Laws Relating to Roads, Highways, Bridges and
ferries, 1927.

84.

_ mnsnvmn

HISTORY AID LEGISLATION

In 1911 legislation created a State highway system
comprising approximately 10,235 miles composed of main
traveled roads leading to the State line. In 1919 a
highway commdssioner was appointed and a primary system of
3,300 miles was purposed to he completed. the legislature
passed a number oi’acts providing powers for the State,
county and township commissioners.

Convicts may‘he used to work on public roads but not
to any extent.

in accompanying chart will show the lineup of personnel.

IIBAICEB

Revenue is derived from.sale of bonds, gasoline tax,
motor vehicle registration, operator licenses and aid from
the federal Government and counties. this produces about
$58,000,000 per year.

23063388
At the end of 1928 the system consisted of 18,167 miles,

separated into three groups as follows:

Primary system - 5,920 miles 3,900 miles hard surfaced

Secondary ' - 7,523 I 3,959 w w w
State Lid - 634 ' 624 ' n 0
3131.1 OGBAPHY

Biennial Report of the Department of Highways 1927-1928
Highways Green Book 1980 A A A.

 

ORGANlZATION CHART or murmur 0F HIGHWAYS conoEWEALIE
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85.

- RHODE ISLAND
HISTORY AND LmIBIILTIOB
In 1892 a committee was appointed to examine the
road conditions and as a result in 1895 a Gomissioner was
appointed. He supervised sample test roads and was dis-
charged in 1898 and not hing further was accomplished by the
State in regard to highways until 1902 when a State Board

of Public Roads was appointed and in 1903 appropriations
and work began.

from 1903 to 1913, new construction alone prevailed
and by the end of the period the State roads had been in-
creased to approximately 325 miles of 1‘ foot pavement.
from 1914 to 1925 both construction and reconstruction
prevailed. Prom 1924 to 1928 there was the phase of
changing grades and widening in the construction, which
in the previous period seemed impossible.
ORGmZATIOI

i'he Board has charge of and supervision of the work of
both the Iotor Vehicle Department and the Highway Depart-
ment. There is a chief clerk of the Motor Vehicle Depart-
ment, who has charge of the Department subject to approval
of the Board. In the Highway Department the chief engineer
is the executive officer.

IHLNCI

funds are derived from operators licenses, motor

vehicle registration fees, and gasoline tax.

86.

PROGRESS

A steady progress has been maintained since the
organisation. The system includes about 870 miles or 40%
of the total mileage of the State. Approximately 490
miles of this has been improved.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ‘
twenty-seventh Annual Report of the State Board of
Public Roads, State of Rhode Island, 1929.

87.

SOUTH CAROLINA

HISTORY AND LEGISLATION

The Commission was established in 1917 and partici-
pated mostly in the educational, advisory and supervisory
capacities until 1921. The Department is composed of two
divisions, engineering and automobile licensing and
registration.
ORGANIZATIOI

The Commission is composed of two members appointed
by the governor and three ex-officio members. The highway
engineer is appointed by the Commission, who in turn

appoints two assistants.

FINANCES
Up to 1920 there were no State road funds with which

to aid the counties. Revenue is derived from gasoline and
mmtor vehicle registration fees and Federal Aid allotments.
PROGRESS

There has been placed 5,691 miles under the State
system.of which 4,608 miles are of modern improvement.
Inch work is being done on mountain grades. .

BIBLIOGRAPR!
Highway Green Book 1920 A A.A

lo data was received from the‘Department.

88.

SOUTH DAKOTA
HISTORY AND LEISLATIOI
The State Highway Commission was established in 1913
for educationalpurposes, no State funds or State control
of roads being provided. In 1917 a State Highway Comission
was established consisting of the governor as chairman, the
State engineer as secretary and a third member appointed by

the governor. It was given power and funds to construct

State and Tederal road. In 1919, a new highway Commission
of three members was established consisting of the governor,
ex-officio, chairman and two members appointed by the gover-
nor who were to serve four years. The Commission was
organised to lay out a system of not over 5,000 miles of
trunk line highways.

ORGANIZATIOI

The Comission consists, at present of governor, ex-
officio chairman, three commissioners and secretary. The
engineering staff consists of State Highway engineer,
assistant highway engineer, bridge, mintenance, plans,
testing and office engineers. There are-five district
engineers which are in chuge of construction and mainten-
ance in their respective areas.

HIANCE
RIvenue is derived from motor vhhicle tax, motor fuel

tax, Federal aid, motor has tax and general tax levy. The

annual revenue amounts to approximately $4,760,000.

89.

PROGRESS .
In 1929 the total designated miles of the system was

5,977 and 5,500 miles were graveled, and 1,600 miles was

graded thus leaving 800 miles unimproved.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annual Report of the South Dakota State Highway ,

Commission, 1929
Highways Green Book 1920 A.A A.

90.

TENNESSEE

HISTORY AND LEGISLATION

The first Tennessee highways date to the Indian trails
and buffalo paths. Boone did the first work on the white
man's road in 1775 by cutting a trail with axes thru
Tennessee. A route in 1797 was next recorded as the travel
as marketing products necessitated a trail. In about 1850
a new impetus to improve facilities and a commission came.
lore than seventy years passed before the State took any
active part in highway improvements. In 1915 the Highway
Commission was created. lederal aid was taken.advantage
of when cperated and in 1917 legislature placed the High-
way Department in position to sceperate with the counties.
Taxes for Highway construction were provided. In 1919 the
administration changed replacing a six.man nonpay commission
with a three man pay commission. This was again reorganized
in 1925 and created a Department of Highways and Public
Iorks. The three man commission replaced with a commissioner.
The tax levy was replaced with a gasoline tax. In 1927 16
special toll bridges were authorised for construction.
ORGANIZATION

The Department of Highways and Public Works functions
under the direct supervision of a commissioner who is.
appointed by the governor. The Chief Engineer is authorised
to correlate the various divisions of work. The necessary

engineers have charge of the various divisions.

91.

TINANCES

The sources of income of the Highway Department are
l'ederal aid, gasoline tax, and license tax. in income of
between $10,000,000 and $11,000,000 1: received annually.
PROGRESS

The limit of 7,600 miles is placed on the State
system to improve the more important roads. Three divisions
are made, Primry, Secondary, and Tederal aid. Home 3,800
miles had been improved in 1928.
BIBLIBGRAPHY

Biennial Report of The Commissioner, Department of

Highways and Public Works, 1988.

HISTORY AHD LEGISLATIO]

The State Highway Department was organised in 1917.
The Commission consisting of three members was to designate
a system of State highways comprising about 18,600 miles
upon which state aid from the State highway fund was to be
given.
ORGANIZATIOH

Three commissioners are appointed by the governor.
The state highway engineer is appointed by the Commission
and is in.administrative control of the work.
PIHLNCEB

lands are derived from Pederal aid appropriations,
8tate. funds and county funds. The State fuzfis are derived
from the share of auto license tax and gasoline tax.
County funds are derived by sale of district bonds.
PROGRESS

Completed roads for 1927 were 1002.99 miles, for 1929 -
1261.10 miles, for 1929 - 1872.07 miles.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Highways Green Book 1920 1.1.1

lo data was received from the 8tate of Texas.

 

95.

UTIH

HISTORY AND LEGISLATIOH

The State Road Commission was created in 1909, con-
sisting of originally the governor, the State engineer,
the State treasurer and one member of the faculty of the
8tate University and one member of the faculty of the State
Agricultural College. The law was modified in 1917, the
Commission continued to be the ex-officio type and consisted
of the governor, the attorney general, 8tate engineer,
8tate auditor and the secretary of State. In 1921 it‘was
changed again to three members appointed by the governor.
It has general administrative powers over the State road
system and cooperates with the counties to administer
State aid.
ORGANIZATIOI

The Commission appoints a chief engineer and the gen-
eral office chiefs. The State has been divided into five
districts, each under a district engineer.
PIHLRCEB

The revenue is derived from State tax and appropria-
tions, motor vehicle fees, gasoline tax:receipts, Pedaral
aid and miscellaneous receipts.
PROGRESS

.1 mileage classification cf‘Utah 8tate roads for the

last three years:

Unimproved

Barth graded and drained

Gravel

Oiled gravel

Bituminous macadam

Asphalt

Bituminous concrete
Portland cement consists
Total surfaced mileage
Total State road mileage

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Data submitted by the

Utah.

192?

528
1420

1085
28

11
53
206
1388
5455

1928

591
1221
1291

58

11
55
215
1545
3455

94.

1929

459
1194
1305

200

55
220
1795

State Road Commission, State of

Tenth Biennial Report of the State Road Commission.

95.

VERIDBT
HISTORY AND LEGISLATION

The 8tate Highway Department of Vermont was established
in 1898 to act in an advisory capacity to the towns. In
1906 the principle of State aid was adopted and the State
Highway Department was authorised to assume the supervidon
of the construction and maintenance of the main thorough-
fares upon which the 8tate funds were expended in conjunc-
tion with funds of the towns.

Prom 1906 to 1923 the State aid system was improved
almost exclusively with gravel surfaces. In 1925 surveys
of needs and improvement were exercised.

ORGANIZATIOB

it the present the state Highway Department is organ-
ised under the State Highway Board with the commissioner
of highways as executive officer of the Board .' Under the
comissioner of highways the work of the Department is
subdivided into four parts as shown by the chart. The
chief engineer has supervision of all l'ederal aid construc-
tion.

PIMNCBB
Revenues for elqaenditure under the supervision of the

State highway department are appropriated by general
assembly. In amount it is approximately $2,000,000 per

ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTM.HT
STATE 01*” VERMON T

 

STATE HIGHWAY BOARD

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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PROGRESS

During the period 1907 to 1926 improvements have been
made in 2750 miles of State aid highways, 86% of which was
gravel and 12% gravel telford base and 8% is concrete.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Report of a Survey of Transportation on the State

Highways of Vermont, 1927.

97.

‘VIRGINIA
HISTORY AND LEGISLATION

lany years ago the General Assembly of'Virginia real-
ised the fact that what the State needed was transportation
facilities, and from 1846 to 1869 appropriations were made
under various issues. Read construction continued from
that time on, to some extent, but after the completion of
several roads interest lagged, the coming of the war be-
tween the State retarded progress on all sides, then re-
construction days when no money was available for the
purpose of road building.

In 1906 the State Highway Commission was established,.
at which time the State Convict Road Iorce was organized,
and in addition to the convict forces, there was a small
appropriation made by the General Assembly to be used to
aid the counties that were not using convict labor.

In 1916 a tax was placed upon automobiles and the
funds derived from this source were appropriated to the
counties in the ease manner as State aid and used for the
maintenance of the roads that had been.improved under the
supervision of this Department. Also a committee was
appointed to lay out a State system of roads. Three
classes ”A“, 'B', ”C” - State, County and District roads
respectively. In 1918 an Act provided for the establish-
ment of a State Highway System of roads, and the original
system of 4,002 miles laid out. In 1922 only 1,900 miles

.

were under maintenance, so a gasoline tax was enacted to
provide funds for maintenance of all State aid roads.
ORGANIZATION

A five member commission is in charge of the Depart-
ment. Under the commission is the Engineer of Right-cf-
Ways, Auditor, and Purchasing Agent. The Engineering
Staff consists of seven departmental engineers in charge
of the different phases of work. There are eight district
engineers and under them are the resident engineers.
BINANCES

Revenue is derived from the receipts of the State
motor fuel tax, Pederal aid allotments, automobile
registration fees, and miscellaneous. They amount to
approximately $10,700,000 per annum.
PROGRESS

The State system consists of 7,000 miles and approx-
imately 6,000 miles has been improved. Many of the roads
and bridges are narrow and the ever-increasing number of
automobiles and other motor vehicles demand for safety,
convenience and rapid transportation and that they be
widened andbetter located.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Progress of Virginia Highways by A. H. Petti grew

Twenty-second Report of the State Highway Commissi on

of the State of Virginia, 1929.

99.

WASHINGTOI

HISTORY AND LEGISLATION

The Highway Department of the State of Washington was
created by act of Legislature in 1906. This act provided
for a Highway Board consisting of the State auditor, State
treasurer, and State hhghway commissioner. In 1911 the
Highway Board was enlarged to consist of the governor,
State auditor, State treasurer, State highway commissioner
and a member of the railroad commission of Washington. In
1921 laws known as the administrative code abolished the
Highway Board and the office of State highway commissioner.
Among the other State departments there was created the
Department of Public Works in charge of a director appointed.
by the governor. As a branch of the Department of Public
Works there was created the division of highways in charge
of the supervisor appointed by the Director of Public Works.
The Highway Board was superseded by the State Highway
Committee consisting of the governor, State auditor, and
State treasurer. The legislature of 1923 amended the
administrative code by abolishing the division of highways
and the office of supervisor of highways and in place of
this office was created the office of state enginerr, this
office appointed by the governor. The legislature amended
the administrative code in 1929 by creating the Department
of Highways in charge of the director of highways. The

director is appointed by the governor and takes over the

100.

duties previously performed by the State Highway Committee
and the State highway engineer.

The first State road was established by the legislature
of 1895. This act called for the construction of roads
across the State. An unsuccessful attempt was made in
1903 to establish a State highway system but with the
creation of the State Highway Department in 1906 the first
State highway system was established. further legislation
was passed to designate the roads and mileage of the system.
ORGANIZATION

The State Highway Committee consisting of the Governor,
the State auditor and the State treasurer, ex-officio,
formulates the general policies of the State Highway Depart-
ment. It selects routes, approves plans and awards con-
tracts. The State highway engineer is the chief executive
officer of the Department. An organization chart will show
the general layout of the organisation.

IIIANCEB

Revenue for the construction and maintenance of State
highways is derived from the automobile license fees and
gasoline tax. Tederal aid allotments are to be added to
the list.

PROGRESS
The following table will convey what has been dons'

up to 1928 on the State highways of Washington.

ORGANIZETION CHART OF THE STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT
STATE OF WASH IHETON

 

 

 

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Improved earth I 1,193.? miles
Gravel or crushed rock ' 1,983.2 '.
. Asphaltic macadam 31.? '
Asphaltic concrete - 43.6 "
Sheet asphalt I 1.7 '
Cement concrete - 661.7 '
Brick 12.6 '
Bridges 21.3 '
Total Improved 2,949.2 '
Total unimproved 333.9 '
Total miles of State highways 3,283.2 "
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Twelfth Biennial Report of the State Highway‘Engineer.
Data.submdtted by letter.

 

 

 

 

WEST VIRGINIA

HISTORY AND LEGISLATION

The first official road building in what is now West
Virginia is said to have been in the form of wagon roads in
1781. Other roads followed and when West Virginia became a
separate State it took the same road laws as‘Yirginia. The
State took interest in 1906 when inspectors inspectors to
report road conditions and progress were operated. In 1917
a State system was created and class A, B, and C roads were
named. The Road Commission.was created, at this time, of
two members. In 1921 the Commission was given direct and
complete authority over roads which were designated as a
part of the State System.. Funds were provided by legisla-
ltion when needed. The gasoline tax law was passed in 1983.
omuxurxon '

the main heads under which the work of the Commission
is carried on are: accounting, purchasing, and equipment;
automobile registration; engineering. The Commission
{consists of a chairman and two commissioners.
IIBANCBB

State funds are derived from the net receipts from
the registration of automobile and special privilege taxes
on automobiles and federal aid.
PROGREBI

The total mileage of the Stgte is 55,260 miles, of
which only 5,820 miles comes under the State system.
Approximately 3,200 miles have been improved.

105.

BIBLIOGREPH!
Annual Report of the State Road Commission of West
Virginia, 1989 f
Iest Virginia Laws, 1929.

1041

IIBCOHSII7

HISTOR! AND LEGISLATIOE

The systematic improvement of highways in Wisconsin
began in the year 1907. Prior to that time the highways
of the State were a mere aggregation of local roads serv-
ing purely local needs. The legislature of 1907 also
created the first State highway department. This was the
highway division of the State Geological and natural
History Survey. The duties were mostly study and advisory.
In 1911 a Commission of five members was appointed. In
1917 the selection of a State highway system was made to
which lederal aid would apply. Further legislation was
enacted to provide needs as the improved method and number
of miles were added to the system.

ORGANIZATION

The State highway work is carried out under the Joint
supervision of the State Highway Commission and the county
highway organisations. The State Highway Commission*was '
created by laws of 1911 and consists of five members, three
of whom are appointed for a term of siz.years, and two ex-
offioio members. There is appointed a chief engineer and
he has nine division engineers under his supervision.
IIHANCEB

The revenue is derived from.the net motor vehicle

registration fees, net gasoline tax and rederal aid allot-

ment. It amounts to approximately $15,300,000 annually.

Ills-Kuhn

105.

PROGRESS
The following table gives mileage of public highway,
1928:

 

Town maintained roads - 57,345.3 miles
Village ' streets 1,537.9 '
City " ' 4,553.1 "
County trunks 13,300.5 '
State trunk highways 10,504.2 '
Total of’all highways 87,341.l '
BIBLIOGRAPHY

fifth, Sixth and Seventh Biennial Report of State
Highway Activities - 1924, 1925, 1928.

103.

WYOMIHG
HISTORY AND LEGISLATION _

The Highway Department was organised in 1917. A
Commission was appointed. Legislation provided funds and
authority to select a system, construct and maintain. In
1922 a bond issue was authorized of $2,800,000.

ORGAN! ZATIOI

The organization of the Department comprises the
Commission of five members and a superintendent and the
necessary personnel to carry out the work. An accompanying
chart will show the makeup.

FINANCES

The finances are derived from the $2,800,000 bond
issue, gasoline tax and automdbile registration and Federal
aid. Both maintenance and construction are supported by
this revenue.

PROGRESS
The total mileage of the State is approximately 46,575

miles, of“which 3,115 comes under State highway mileage.
About 1,800 miles has been improved.

BIBLIOGRAPHI
Sixth Biennial Report of the State Highway Commission

of Wyoming.

ORGANIZATION CHART OF TILE ST; 13 HIGILWAY DEPARTIESHT

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