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MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE
Donald. Dales: Brink
. 1951 '

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This is to ce'mtg that the

thesis entitled

A Survey of the Speech
Training Program in
Selected Midwestern and ..
Eastern Industriee

presented by

Donald 'Deloes Brink

has been accepted towards fulfillment
of the requirements for

M A degree in._sp£a£h_

 

(3%“an

Major professor

 

Date August 23. 1951

 

 

 

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A SUENEY OF THE SPEECH TR‘LII‘III'IG PROGRAEJS IN SEIECTED

raumgs'rERN AND EASTERN INDUSTRIES

By
Donald Deloss 21;ng

A TEESIS
Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of L‘ichigan
State College of Agriculture and Applied Science
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

lifts TER OF ARTS

Department of Speech

August 1951

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ACKNO‘leD GE’EI‘I'I‘S

The author would like to eXpress his appreciation for the assistance
in furthering this study, to Dr. David Potter who encouraged the author
to undertake the study and assisted greatly in preparing the manuscript;
to Miss Lucia Morgan whose patience and guidance were invaluable; to
Dr. Wilson B. Paul who helped the author refine and Specifly the study;

I and to Mr. go David, whose suggestions in the preliminary phases were

greatly appreciated.

 

[[{,[‘ilfllllli[{

BI OGRAP HY

Donald D. Brink was born in Benton Harbor, Michigan on the first day
of January in the year nineteen hundred and twenty-six. He started school
in Benton Harbor, later moving to Battle Creek to begin the eighth grade.
He moved to Galesburg, Michigan in 1939 and attended Galesburg High
School. After graduation, he immediately entered service in the Marine
Corps, and did a twoeyear tour of duty in the Pacific, making the landing
on Iwo Jima. He returned to the United States on June h, l9h6 and received
his discharge ten days later at Great Lakes, Illinois. He entered Kalama—
zoo College, a small liberal arts college, in the fall of l9h6 and remained
for four*years. He became interested in speech when he noticed that so
many peOple had a great deal of difficulty expressing themselves, and
majored in this subject while acquiring a minor in psychology. As he went
through Kalamazoo College, he was a member of the debate squad for four
years, won special distinction in Pi Kappa Delta, was manager of Forensics,
Euesident of his society, Sigma Rho Sigma,'was a member of the student
senate and an officer in his class. After graduation from Kalamazoo
College in June 1950, he entered hichigan State College in the fall of 1950.
He began work on a Master‘s Degree in speech and psychology with the intent
of going into industrial work. He completed his work on the degree on

AugllSt 23, 1951.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER

I.

II.

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Problem and Definitions of Terms . . . .
Problem -.- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Definitions of terms used . . . . . . . .
Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Organization of the Study' . . . . . . . . .
Review of the Literature . . . . . . . . . .
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ATA AND TREATMENT OF DATA . . . . . . . . . .
Treatment of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Programs Presented . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LietflmustrieSooooooo00000.

Campbell, Hyant and Cannon Foundry Company

The Allegheny Ludlam Steel Corporation .
The Great Lakes Steel Corporation . . .
The Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation
hetal Fabricating Industries . . . . . . .
Allis Chalmers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bendix Aviation Corporation . . . . . .
Caterpillar Tractor Company . . . . . .
The White Hotor Company . . . . . . . .

Willys-Overland Hotors, Incorporated . .

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International Harvester Company . . . .
Ford motor Company . . . . . . . . . .
Chrysler Corporation . . . . . . ... .
General Motors Corporation . . . . . .
Nonmetallic Mineral Industries . . . . .
CongoleumpNairn, Incorporated . . . .
Chemical Process Industries . . . . . . .
The Atlantic Refining Company . . . .
The Continental Oil Company . . . . . .
E. I. du Pont De Nemours, Incorporated
The Sutherland Paper Company . . . . .
The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company .
Esso Standard Oil Company . . . . . .
Johnson and Johnson . . . . . . . . .
Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation . .
Textile and Allied Products . . . . . . .
The Forstmann Teolen Company . . . . .
Apparel Industries . . . . . . . . . .
A. C. Lawrence leather Company . . . .
Food, Liquor and Tobacco Industries . .
Standard Brands, Incorporated . . . .
Electrical Industries . . . . . . . . .
Sunbeam Corporation . . . . . . . . .
Radio Corporation of America . . . . .

The General Electric Corporation . . .

iv
PAGE
18
26
28
29
33

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CHAPTER PAGE
III. BJPLICATIONS, CONCLUSIONS AM) FIELDS OF FURTHER STUDY . . . . . 69
Implications and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Fields of Further Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7h
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................75

APIEI‘ZDIX o o o o o o o o O o o o c o o o o o g o o o o o o o o o o o 78

CPJLPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Before the advent of the machine, the compact industrial units were
composed of as few as two or three members. These units were the family,
in which each member completed some part of the total product, and the
guild, in which several members of the same trade were banded together,
1.6. iron mongers, leather workers, et cetera. As an aftermath of the
industrial revolution, the guild and family organizations disappeared and
large factories made of concrete and steel began turning out the products
which could meet the needs of a prOgressing world. But even as the large
factories solved, to a marked degree, the technological needs of society,
they created new and larger problems-~human problems. To solve these
problems, authority which offered the workers a choice of do-as-I~tell-
youporbget-out, and paternalism, which gave the worker health benefits,
recreation, and vacations, were utilized. Still there was unrest. What
was needed, and is still needed today, as evidenced by continued strikes,
'walk-outs and general unrest, was, according to many students of industrial
problems, what Eary Parker Follett calls "dynamic integration".1 This
democratic technique necessitates a feeling of participation between worker
and manager, and a feeling that the communication line is Open, both up
and down the ladder. That this element of communication and participation

2
is important was emphasized by the Hawthorne study. In seeking to dis-

 

'l H. C. hetcalf and L. Urwick, Dynamic Administration, The Collected
Papers of.Mary_Parker Follett, (New York: Harper and Brothers, l9h0):’320 pp.

 

 

2 George C. Hemans, "The western Electric Researches," in Human Factors
In Management, by Schuyler Dean Heslett, (New York: Harper and Brothers,

 

 

 

 

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cover the causes of worker unrest and slowdown, this study found that
those workers who were informed of decisions involving them, and, even
more, those who participated in making decisions involving their personal
'welfare, were the higher producers. Changes in physical conditions of
'work had little, if any, effect.

In order to institute the practice of mutual participation in the
operation of a;company, both labor and management need adequate communica-
tive techniques. But in spite of their easy accessibility, many indus-
tries have notryet seen the need for improving communications facilities
and procedures. Bellows emphasizes this point when he states:

It is surprising to note that managements, personnel directors,
and industrial editors have not made use of the valuable techniques
for making written and spoken.materials understandable to the emplqyee.
This is surprising because such techniques have been available and
because there is extreme need in the industrial communications field
for simplification.3

The problem.becomes an individual one, individual to each industry
and to each person. Industry must have people in administrative positions
who can do a job efficiently and effectively with the least amount of
friction. The supervisory personnel in any company must grow and develop.
This must be a continuing process towards more efficiency, towands become
ing more effective and capable. Industrial training programs which teach
process skills are efficient. Programs are now being sought, however,
which will give supervision more self-confidence, and a little more capacity
for expressing itself. R. Fred Canaday of General Motors states:

These programs should not only help these individuals do their
jobs better, but also help them in their related activities in the

 

3 Roger M. Bellows, Psychology of Personnel In Business and Industry,
(NeW'Iork: Prentice-Hall, Incorporated, 19fl9). p. 361.

 

 

 

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community, the church, and in their homes. Something seems to be
needed in the line of deveIOping personalities, something which.will
bring out latent talents and capacities and make these individuals
more effective as such. A self-improvement program of this type
would seem to include such things as overcoming fear and nervousness
in speaking before people; strengthening the ability to get along
with peOplf; and most of all, the ability to express oneself
concisely.‘

In the last decade industry, realizing this need, has begun to include
Speech as a definite program in industrial training. Foremen, supervisors
and managers are being taught how to communicate, how to explain to the
'worker why a thing is being done, how it is to be done, and what the effect
'will be on him. Industry is being "humanized" on the communications level
as it has been on the technOIOgical level. Several studies have attempted
to indicate the needs for speech in specific industries, but no compre—
hensive studies have been made of the speech or communications programs
which are now being fostered in the industrial training field. is
Professor Zelko says:

In the area of graduate study and research a great deal should be
done. we need to know more about the needs for adult speech training
and education, in every segment of American life; we need to know the
relation of effective speech to human and industrial relatigns; we

need to know what methods and materials are most effective.

The purpose of this study is to sample industry to find out what is

being done in speech training.

 

th R. Fred Canaday, Employee Relations Staff, General Motors Corpora-
tion, Detroit, Michigan. From a report of the Convention of Dale Carnegie

Club International, Chicago. June 2h, 1950.

5 Harold P. Zelko, "Adult Speech Training: Challenge To The Speech
Profession," Quarterly Journal of Speech, February 1951, Vol. XXXVII,

’ N0. 1, p. 550

 

The Problem and Definitions of Terms

 

Problem. A survey of the speech training programs in selected mid-

western and eastern industries.

Definitions of terms used. Speech training programs were interpreted

 

to mean programs in effective speech, conference leadership and the like,

fostered by industry for executives and supervisors.

Industry. Industry was interpreted to mean those plants producing

non-agricultural goods.

Organization of the Study

 

This study was divided into two main phases, (1) a survey of the
industries in the midwest and east to find out which industries had speech
programs, and (2) a summary of each program received. Chapter II presents
(1) treatment of data, and (2) data, the programs of the responding indus-
tries in the following categories: metal industries, metal fabricating
industries, nondmetallic mineral industries, chemical process industries,
the textile and allied products industries, apparel industries, food,
liquor, and tobacco industries, and electrical industries. Chapter III
presents (l) implications and conclusions of the study, and (2) recommen-

dations for further study.

Review of the Literature

 

The literature on speech training in industry might be compared or

likened to Gestalt psychology in that it is the sum of the parts that is

greater than the whole. Taken a piece at a time, the research already
done in the field seems to lead nowhere in particular, but taken as a
whole, one can see definite trends towards more emphasis on certain aspects.
The literature seems to divide itself quite naturally into three types of
investigation or sources of information. These types are: (1) those-
showing that a need exists for speech training in industry, (2) those
giving advice as to how to satisfy this need in the best way, and (3)
those showing how specific industries are satisfying their need for speech
training. The greatest emphasis has been on the first type of research,
that of showing a need. Raines' research on speech training for adults in
business and industry in Kansas City, Missouri showed (1) the need for
greater emphasis on adult speech classes and (2) that these adult classes
were fitted to the needs of the participants. Dean conducted a signifi-
cant study in the need area showing the qualifications of industrial con-
ference leaders. It was found that these people must be alert, dynamic,
well rounded, able to get along with peOple, and be able to keep the

thing going.7 Hanifan, in l9h9, conducted a study of speech training

in retail department stores which pointed out that the organizations need

8

more work in this area although some are fostering programs now.

 

6 Sam Raines, An Analysis of Speech Training for Adults in Business
And Industry in Kansas City, hissouri, m.a. Thesis, University of Kansas,

l9h9.

 

 

 

7 Margaret Z. Dean, Qualifications of Industrial Conference Leaders,
K.A. Thesis, Wayne University, l§h3.

8 Harold P. Zelko, 2p. cit., p. 61, Catherine E. Hanifan, Speech
Training in Retail Department Stores, A Stmry, Northwestern University,
Evanston, Illinois, 19h9.

 

6

Purcell, in a survey of business speech needs, found that industry
9
needs more emphasis on conference methods. Mollander conducted a survey

of business in Denver in 191;); to determine their needs and found that 80
percent of the businesses contacted felt that speech should be stressed
more and that needs lay in the conference or discussion method}O

Some materials have been published in magazines, periodicals, and
books which attempt to point out the deficiencies in present communications
and show what can be done for effective communications on the oral and
written levels. Charles T. Estes of the Federal Mediation and Concilia-
tion Service has emphasized the importance of co-decisions of labor and
management in articles such as "Speech and Human Relations In Industr'y".l1
Fortune has, in recent months, been nmning a serms of articles on com-
munications and Speech in industry showing the way to better communications.12
James F. Bender has written a book showing the qualities of successful
leaders and stressing the ability to express oneself concisely.13 Around

the country, toastmasters' clubs have been formed to foster better Speak-

ing habits.

9 Dale Purcell, A Surv of Business Speech Needs, LI. A. Thesis, The
University of Redlands, RedIands, CEBZ'ofifi'a, I913.

10 A. E. Hollander, A Survey of Speaking Situations in Business Enter-
prises of Denver, M. A. Thesis, University of Denver, 1911;.

 

 

ll Charles T. Estes, "Speech and Human Relations in Industry)" _T__h_e
Quarterly Journal of Speech, Vol. XXIII, No. 2, April, l9h6. p 1wa-

 

12 "Is Arvbody Listening?", Fortune IEagazine, September, 1950. p .77.".
"Language of Business, " Fortune h'agazipe, November, 1950. p” 11}

 

 

13 James F. Bender, The Technique of Executive Leadership, (New York:
McGraw-Hill Book Company, Incorporated, 1930). 291 pp.

11: "Life Goes to a Toastmaster's Club, " Life, January 6, 1947. p. 86..

7

The area which has had the least attention, at present, is the study
of the actual industrial programs which are now being conducted or have
been conducted for some time. This area of research, as Professor Zelko
emphasized, needs a great deal more attention. Two studies conducted
along this line comprise the material on speech training in industry.
'Wattles conducted a study of four Detroit companies and found that the dis-
cussion method was most important in supervisory training.15 Jacobs con-
ducted a study of the Baur's Confectionery'Company in Denver, Colorado,
and traced the history of communications and its increasing complexities

16

as the organization grew.
Procedure

Those industries producing non-agricultural goods, having 2,000
employees or more, and positioned in the midwest or east were included.
This put the industries in one strata as to size. A total of 516 corpora—
tions was obtained by the use of Poors Index of Directors and Executives,
which lists the 20,000 major corporations in the United States. A clear
picture was obtained by dividing the industries even further into eight
categories according to the type of product produced. The populigion'was

stratified into eight categories, as used by Alderfer and Nichl: metal

industries, metal fabrication industries, nonmetallic mineral industries,

 

15’ Jervis J. Wattles, The Use of Oral Techniques in Industrial Super-
visory Training and Communications Programs of Four Detroit Companies,
M.A. Thesis, wavne University, Detroit, lichigan, l9h8.

 

 

 

16. J. H. JacObs, A Study in Communications in the jaur's Stores in
Denver, Colorado, M.A. Thesis, University of Denver, lBEDéhS:

 

17 E. B. ilderfer and H. E. Michl, Economics of American Industry,
(New York: McCraw-Hill Book Company, Incorporated, l9h2); 565 pp.

electrical industries, chemical process industries, textile and allied
products industries, apparel industries, and the food, liquor, and tobacco
industries.

A preliminary survey was conducted to determine the feasibility of
the study. Fifteen corporations were sampled and out of the fifteen,
thirteen had speech prOgrams. A sample of 100 was taken from the total
516 corporations in the population, based on these figures. This consti-
tuted a 20 percent sample before the corporations in the preliminary study
were added. Five of these were selected in the major study sampling. The
total sample was 110 or 21 percent of the 516. The 13 programs constituted
85 percent of the preliminary sample and when applied to a 95 percent level
of confidence table showed that 95 percent of the time between 22 and 0
percent of the corporations should have programs of speech training if
chosen at random. The 95 percent level of confidence table is constructed
so that any given attribute in a population can be predicted. One takes
the number having the given attribute, finds this on the table, then looks
across under the sample size to find out what constant percentage of the
population would have the given attribute with a chance of 5 percent
error, if chosen at random. Twenty to 0 percent does not justify a study
of this kind. If the sample is expanded to 100, however, between 91 and
76 percent of the industries should have programs 95 percent of the time
if chosen at random. The conclusions are valid according to Snedecor.l8

The next problem was the selection of the 100 corporation sample from

the total 516. The industries were in alphabetical order. A random sample

 

18 George 7:. Snedecor, Statistical Iae‘Zethods Applied to Expeiiments in
Agriculture and Biology, (Ames, Iowa: Collegiate Press, Inc., 1937). E55 pp.

 

 

could not be taken by use of a table of random.numbers, because each
industry would not have equal possibility of being selected. The technique
used was to number the industries from one to the final tabulation in each
strata and put the numbers on slips of paper. The slips were then mixed

in a hOpper and withdrawn at random, the industries being checked as chosen.
The number of industries selected in each strata was determined by convert-
ing the totals to percentages of the 516, i.e. if a strata had 36 corpora-
tions within its scope, the sample from this strata would be 7 percent or
seven.since 36 is 7 percent of 516 and 7 percent of 100 is seven.

Another problem was the adequate way of handling correspondence so as
to insure a maximum.response. A personal letter was typewritten and sent
to the training director of each corporation. This letter was not a
questionnaire and the terms survey or questionnaire were not used in any
instance. The letter, a copy of which is included on the next page, was a
clear statement of the objectives of the study, leaving the ideas expressed
entirely up to the training director. Two weeks was the period within which
the greatest response was realized. At the end of this time, post cards
were sent to the industries which had notryet reSponded. This increased

the total response from 75 percent to 89 percent.

10

April 214 , 1951

The Director of Training
Congoleum—Nairn, Incorporated
’ 195 Belgrove Drive

Kearmr, New Jersey

Dear sir:

I am writing you in hopes that you may be able to give me some
information. Speech-training, as you know, is becoming an important
factor in many industries. I am working on Hy LIaster's Degree at
Michigan State College, and my field of study lies in the commmication
or speech programs being fostered by these corporations, either within
the corporate structure or through cooperation with outside agencies. I
will appreciate any infomation you can give me concerning speech train-
ing at Congoleum-Nairn, Incorporated, especially any printed material.
It is hoped that this study will provide valuable material as to what
industry is actually doing in the field of speech. I will be very happy
to send you a copy of the results when completed, if you wish.

I thank you for your kind attention to my letter.

Sincerely yours,

Donald D. Brink

120 Abbot Hall
Michigan State College
East Lansing, Michigan

CHAPTER II

DATA Arm Timingmm OF DATA

The purpose of this chapter is to consider (1) how the data was

treated, and (2) presentation of the data.

Treatment of Data

 

In the following enumeration and summary of data received, no attempt
'was made to evaluate the programs. The object was to present the programs
pep se, emphasizing the material taught in each case. Evaluations were
not attempted since any evaluation would presuppose a complete study of
the situation and atmosphere in which each program was given. The total
statistical tabulation is presented under data, and the statistical summary
pertinent to each strata is presented at the beginning of each summary.
The shorter programs are presented in complete form. The longer ones are
presented in condensed form. In some cases, the information regarding
speech training is meager. The inadequacy of information may be due to
one of two factors: (1) the actual incompleteness of the program or (2)
reluctance on the part of a corporation to give complete information on

programs which were organized at great expense.

Data

 

One hundred and ten personal letters were sent out to corporations
in the midwest and east. Of the 110, 98 reSponded. The 98 constituted
89 percent of the 110. Thirty and nine-tenths percent had speech programs

to a greater or lesser degree. 'When the number having programs was applied

12
to a 95 percent confidence interval table, it was found that 22 percent-—
hl percent of the population of industries would have speech programs if
sampled at random. Inversely, the number of corporations not having
programs lay between 2h—h3 percent.

Summary of the stratified industries was in the following order:
metal industries, chemical process industries, textile and allied products
industries, apparel industries, food, liquor and tobacco industries, and

electrical industries.

13

Programs Presented

 

thal Industries

The metal industries totaled h3 in.all and the sample selected from
this h3 was eight or 8 percent of 100. Eighty-eight percent was the

total response. Five had speech programs.

Campbell, flyant and Cannon_§oupdry Company. The Campbell, wyant and

 

Cannon.Foundry Company program of Speech training consists of coaching
supervisors to act as discussion leaders in conferences. These conferences
are held several times a week. At one meeting, subjects are assigned to a
group of the leaders, who are given practice in presentation of those
subjects. These leaders, in turn, each conduct a conference made up of
about 12 or 15 members of supervision. J. M. Schappert, of the corpora-
tion, says, "This is a beginning of what we hope will be a better and more

effective speech training program later."

The Allegheny Ludlam.Steel Corporation. E. H. Forsstrom of the

 

Allegheny Ludlam.Stee1 Corporation explains:

Thus far Speech training in our company has been included only for
our technical college trainees. These trainees are members of our sixe
month training courses which.we have twice a year. This speech train-
ing, I have taught myself from personal experience and notes from dif;
ferent courses in public speaking and eXpressive presentation which I
have taken in the past. In the future, as our training of foremen.and
supervisors expands, we will'branch out much further in this field.

The Great Lakes Steel Corporation. The Great Lakes Steel Corporation

 

speech program consists of a fourteen weeks program given within the

structure of the Great Lakes Steel Management Club. The instructor is

,‘C

1h

Harold Dressel, head of the speech department of the River Rouge Public
School System. "we feel this course is one of the most valuable services
offered our membership," says Charles F. Olmsted, Director of Education of
The Great lakes Steel Corporation. An outline of material taught was not

available.

The Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation. Among the metal industries,

 

the most extensive program.is conducted by The Jones and Laughlin Steel
Corporation for selected personnel of the organization. Those enrolled in
the course, "Effective Speaking", are taught the fundamentals of organizap
tion, analysis, and exposition of a speech. They are required to introduce
a member of the class. Their voices are recorded on a tape which is played
back so that other members of the class, as well as the speaker, can give
constructive criticism. Various vocal exercises are prescribed and pracf
ticed to help enunciation, pronunciation, and to relieve nervous tension.
Each member of the class is given a textbook, together with supplementary
training material develOped by the speech instructor. The textbook,
information on the background of the instructor, and the supplementary
material were not available.

To complete this program.satisfactorily, each member of the class is
required to prepare and deliver a speech. Each member of the class, using
a standard rating chart for effective speaking, rates each speech. At the
conclusion of the program, a copy of the speeches and a list of the trained
speakers is forwarded to the public relations department. "This provides a
selected speakers list, as well as material, to meet requests from other
organizations to provide them with a qualified speaker who is able to
present his subject authoritatively," says W. R. Elliot, Vice President,

Employee and Public Relations.

15

Metal Fabricating Industries

The metal fabricating industries covered the largest number of corpora-
tions. The range of employees was from 2,000 in Weather Seal, Incorporated
to h00,002 in General Motors. The total number of corporations was 195.
Thirty—eight industries were selected at random. Eighty-two percent of
the corporations replied. The number having programs was 11 or 36 percent

of those replying.

Allis Chalmers. Allis Chalmers has no formal program of speech

 

training, and no printed material has been developed. However, in the
sales training course in which engineers are trained for the sales force,
informal training in speech is given. The engineers are trained in sales
work with special emphasis on the oral presentation of the material.
Individuals interested in speech improvement are given an opportunity to
deveIOp better speech habits in weekly meetings of a toastmaster's club.
This club, organized of company personnel, is a member of Toastmaster's
International and the procedure followed at these meetings is that
developed by this organization for speech improvement. Formal training
in speech is available in the speech classes conducted by the Extension
Division, University of'fiisconsin, and Marquette University, both located

in Milwaukee.

Bendix Aviation Corporation. The following statement by H. W.

 

Peterson of Bendix Aviation summarizes the Bendix attitude toward
speech:

Here at the various plants of the Bendix Aviation Corporation
we recognize very definitely the need for effective communications

16

not only between individuals but also in group relationships. In
several of the Bendix Aviation Corporations public speaking classes

are now being held for supervisory groups.

Conference members are

also given frequent opportunity to lead conferences and discussions.
A great deal is done in personal consultation practices such as expla-
nations, discussion, et cetera, between worker and supervisor, between

supervisor and his superior.

None of the material relevant to these programs was available.

Caterpillar Tractor Company.

 

In the supervisory training program at

Caterpillar Tractor, a conference is conducted called ”Effective Speaking".

There are five different meetings

is devoted to a discussion of the

in this conference. The first meeting

fundamentals of preparation and delivery,

A small card listing these fundamentals is given to each participant. A

c0py of each side of the card is given below.

EFFECTIVE SPEECH
PREPARATION

Preliminaries
Consider the audience
Decide on purpose
Adapt subject

Development
Outline major points
Secure material
Design a thread of unity
Choose aids and illustra-
tions

Organization
Select introduction
Outline body and key points
Arrange a conclusion
Budget your time

Polish the rough spots

Daily conversations are
often "speeches"

DELIVERY

Poise

' Like the audience
Concentrate on subject
Use notes if necessary
Change position

Expression

Speak naturally but be
heard

USe your eyes

Vary tone and pace

Be deliberate and optimis-
tic

Use simple'words and
sentences

Presentation
Give overview
Illustrate key points
Summarize and conclude

Be prepared for questions

17

In each of the subsequent meetings, the supervisors in the group are
given an opportunity to make a four or five minute talk on a subject of
their own choosing. K. G. Slutz, the director, says, "These men are
encouraged to keep in mind those fundamentals that were discussed during
the first meeting." At the conclusion of each talk the members of the
group are given the opportunity to comment on how well the speaker followed
and applied the fundamentals. They point out the good and bad points.

At some time during the five meetings, the conference leader assigns
tOpics of common interest on which each member of the class is given an
Opportunity to make an impromptu talk. In many of these conferences, a
recording machine is used. The talks are played back to the members of
the group so that each person can realize how he sounded before the group
and discover some of the places where his talk might be improved.

Included in the related classroom schedule for apprentices and
trainees in craft training programs is "Effective Reporting". A large
part of the time Spent on this subject is devoted to effective speaking.
The method used in this program is much the same as that used in the
Supervisory Training Program. Each apprentice and trainee attending this
class is given an Opportunity to make several short prepared talks as well
as one longer talk.

As K. G. Slutz says further:

The purpose of these conferences on "Effective Speaking" and the

classes in "Effective Reporting" is not to make public Speakers, but
to help those supervisors, as Well as apprentices and trainees, develop

their ability to express themselves effectively.

The'fihite Motor Company. The White Motor Company makes available,

 

through the facilities of the Cleveland Board of Education, classes in

18
public speaking whenever a sufficient number of employees evidence an
interest. These classes meet after working hours and the employees attend-
ing them do so on their own time. The company reimburses the Cleveland
Board of Education for its payments to the instructors. Several hundred
employees have taken these courses over the past few years. C. L. Bryan,
Director of Industrial Relations says, "I believe that the participants

think that they have been well worthwhile."

'Willys-Overland Motors,_Incg§porated. Training in the presentation

 

of materials at monthly meetings is given for employees of Willys-Overland
Motors, Incorporated. These meetings are conducted by the wholesale
managers or distributors for the benefit of dealers. Materials for these
meetings are prepared by Wilding Pictures, Incorporated, with the assist—
ance and approval Of the Sales Training Department, and distributed monthly
to the wholesale managers. The programs make wide use of visual aids and
handouts. The success of the training is determined by the effectiveness

Of the meetings conducted.

International Harvester Company. Mr. P. A. Carlstone, a staff

 

assistant, explains the program of the International Harvester Company:

At our central school each group Of works Foreman is given basic
principles in preparing and delivering a talk. They have opportunity
to Speak before the group several times. Usually the class Of 50 is
divided into smaller groups. They have an Opportunity to have their
talks recorded on a tape recorder. The talk is then played back and
the instructor makes comments and suggestions regarding each talk.

A strong motivating factor is the selection of a class speaker for
each class. At the very end of each effective speaking course, the
six best speakers are chosen by the group for a final talk and selec—
tion Of the class speaker.

19

The course itself is put inbookle’t form. The introduction deals with
some of the things one may Often forget, such as making an impression by
personal appearance, enthusiasm, and eye contact. The importance of
courtesy and approach to outside contacts for the International Harvester
Company are stressed. The introductory material also covers the techniques
of introducing a Speaker.

The basic requirements of the program are: be yourself, be enthusias-
tic, be prepared, speak clearly, and know when to stOp. Emphasis is placed
on accepting speaking assignments as the best way to overcome "that self-
conscious feeling". Speech is described as an.effective tool--instead of
trying to "saw wood with a hammer", one must become familiar with the
proper tool. Speech, it is explained, is actually an extension of conver—
sation to the larger situation. The five familiar types Of Speeches are
enumerated: to inform, to persuade, to impress, to activate, and to
entertain.

"HOW shall I start my talk?" is the next point to be considered.
"Never apologize" is the motto. The methods given are five in number:
succinct statement of the truth, question method, shock method, story
telling method, and quotation method. Each is described in a brief para—
graph. Emphasis is placed On: (1) not covering too much material, (2)
personal appearance, (3) preparation, (h) practice, (5) poise, (6) power
(voice), and (7) speech structure.

Speech structure is taken up further'by outlining and discussing the
four parts of a speech: opening statement, introducing the main theme,
body or main theme, and conclusion. Sticking to three main points, and

repetition are suggested as effective ways to make the speech easy to

follow and remember.

20

Techniques of public address and radio systems are taken up in the
last section of the program. The differences between these and the
ordinary speaking situations are explained.

A short paragraph is given to discussion of conducting formal meet—
ings. A final word is, stand up, say what you have to say, and stop.

Interesting cartoons, which illustrate the speech technique being
emphasized, are dispersed throughout the booklet. The program is designed
to take up eight sessions of one hour each, but it usually runs to ten
because of introductory remarks and the process of getting acquainted. So
that a clear picture of what the course entails may be gotten, the complete

instructor's manual is presented here.

EFFECTIVE SPEAKING

 

LESSON PLAN

 

No. of Sessions 8 Time Required 8 hours

 

 

OBJECTIVES:

 

1. To develop in the student the ability to express his ideas
clearly and concisely through the Spoken word.

2. To instruct the student in the theory and practice of
effective public Speaking.

fiSTRUCTIONAL AIDS:

 

Blackboard
Effective Speaking, International Harvester Company (A-98—II)

 

IHTRODUCTION: (Suggestions to the instructor)

 

It must first of all be impressed upon the students that ideas
can be all but worthless unless they are communicated to others.
Inability to express ideas convincingly removes much of the effect
of what one has to say. Supervisors are constantly in contact with

21

people; they must truismit orders or instructions to their subordin-
ates and consult with their superiors. Although they may possess the
inherent qualities of leadership, they must know how to sell them-
selves and their ideas before they can be recognized as leaders.
Effective speaking is one of the tools for the job.

This section of the course Should be held in an easr, informal
atmosphere with considerable emphasis upon active trainee participa-
tion. Practice in effective speaking will help the potential leader
develOp poise, courage and resourcefulness. Later on it will be a
valuable aid in the student's contacts with individuals and groups
both inside and outside the plant.

If the director of training has access to a wire recorder or
other reconiing machine, it would be advantageous to make recordings
of students' voices at least twice during the course. This is a most
effective means of allowing students to study their speaking techniques
objectively.

“"ENTATION OF SUBJECT KATTH.:

 

I. Fundamentals of Effective Speech
A. Purpose of Speech

1. Communication of ideas
2. Getting response from others

B. The leader's need for speech

1. Not often required to make formal Speech or lecture
2. Must talk to people on the job day in and day out
3. Opportunity to create favorable impression for self
and Company
h. Leadership implies ability to meet any Speaking occasion

a. Leader Should have self—assurance

0. Learning fundamentals of speech one way of develOping
it

C. leader seeks response in three distinct ways
1. Liental respons

a. Interest in what he has to say
b. Must hold and keep attention

2. Emotional response

a. Agreement with ideas

0. Disarming listeners of suspicion

II.

22
3. Physical response

a. Translating ideas into action
b. Must make himself understood

D. Ideas-—not technique-importwnt

1. Speech not opportunity to Show off
2. Technique merely to bring out ideas

E. Three tools at speaker's command
1. Voice

a. Should be friendly and natural

b. Can convey variety of feelings

c. Reflects enthusiasm of speaker

d. Eliminate harshness, grating and nasal effect
e. Pleasant voice leads to convictidn:

f. Words must be clear and distinct

2. Bodily action

a. ‘Must be motivated

b. Can often convey more than the spoken word
0. Gestures should be natural

d. Looking listeners directly in eye

30 L811 guage

a. Should suit the occasion

b. At its best when simple and exact
c. Do not oversimplify

d. Avoid use of profanity or slang

F. Value of res onse depends upon reputation of sneaker
P - 1

1. Must be familiar with subject matter

2. Must be respected to be believed

3. Improvement in personality reflected in improvement
in speech

Voice Exercises

Here the instructor should arrange voice exercises, assigning each
student a word, such as "yes", "hello“ or "oh", and asking him to
give it as many different shades of meaning as possible through
the use of voice and bodily action. For example, a student may
select the word "oh" and repeat it so that it expresses surprise,
anger, indifference, sorrow, disappointment and pleasure.

III.

23

Conversational Speech

A.

B.

C.

G.

H.

Conversation usual means of expressing ideas

1. Individual pays little attention to technique
2. leader must strengthen conversational ability

a. Study fundamentals of effective speaking
b. Learn to talk with assurance and enthusiasm

Conversational speech informal

1. Uses same tools as all speech

2. Organization and preparation not important
3. Direct, Sincere and natural manner

Directness in conversational Speech

1. Establish eye contact
2. Give impression of conviction

Introductory remarks

1. Should not be lengthy or involved
2. Should establish contact with listener

Casualness in conversation

1. Avoid formality
2. Show enthusiasm in subject

Language in conversation

1. Avoid high—blown language

2. Avoid use of slang or profanity
3. Use Simple, concrete statements
h. Bring in specific illustrations

Leader should be a good listener

1. Show interest by asking questions
2. Show respect for opinions of others

leader seeks response through conversation

I. Efficiency of department hinges on that response
2. Weigh'words carefully without sacrificing informality

Developing Self-confidence

A.

Leader expected to be able to express ideas before groups of
any Size

V.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

2h

Public speaking differs from ordinary conversation only in
degree

1. Voice must be raised

2. Gestures must be broader

3. Movements must be more dignified and deliberate
b. Remarks must be more precisely qualified

5. Speaker must be himself

Everyone has suffered from stage fright

1. In experienced Speaker——a slight tenseness
2. In beginnerb-an engulfing emotion

Stage fright a lack of assurance

1. Diverts attention from ideas
2. Can be controlled

Methods of controlling stage fright
1. Preparation

3. Be well informed on subject

b. Outline subject matter

c. Memorize salient points

d. write out opening statements

9. Make best possible personal appearance

2. Physical control
a. Try to relax
b. Breathe properly
0. Make small movements
3. Hental attitudes
a. Realize audience is sympathetic
b. Be eager to share ideas

c. Dare self to speak

Constant practice necessary to develop self-confidence

Extemporaneous Talks

At this point, students will be assigned two-minute extemporaneous
speeches by the instructor. These talks are for the purpose of
develOping self-confidence in the student by giving him.experience
in expressing his ideas before a group. The instructor should
assign subjects with which the students are reasonably familiar.

Some suggested tapics are:

25

Safety First My Last Job Ify Vacation
Quality Pays Company Poliqy Harvester Spirit
leadership Tardiness My Bossy

VI. The composition of a Speech

A. Audiences do not want incoherent, disorganized speeches
B. Speaker decides upon objectives

1. What he will say
2. How he will say it

0. Every speech has introduction, body and conclusion
1. Introduction
a. Establishes contact with audience

El; Reference to personal interests
2 antion of place, occasion or personalities

b. Arouses interest of audience

(1) Statement of fact
(2) Use of question
(3) Telling a story
(h) Use of quotation

c. Introduces the subject

(1) What speaker will talk about
(2) Why he considers it important

d. Need not be long or cumbersome
e. Establishes sympathy between speaker and audience

2. BOW
a. Issues in logical sequence
b. Use of specific examples

c. Avoidance of unnecessary detail
d. USe of an outline

3. Conclusion

a. Sums up points in body
b. Ends with strong statement or appeal

VII. Practice Speaking

Students will give five—minute talks, availing themselves of the
instruction given in the previous lessons. They will be required

SUh

26

to submit an outline to the instructor at the end of their talks.
Subjects must be chosen which deal with some phase of company
policy or procedure, with material previously taught in the course,
or with the student's own experience with the company. At the con-
clusion of each speech, there will be a brief period during which
the instructor and students will comment on and criticize the talk
from the point of view of organization and technique.

EUEE'AND TESTING:

 

l.

2.
3.
h.

S.
6.

7.
8.

9.

What basic principles must be remembered.if one is to speak
effectively?

How can self-confidence be developed?
What steps should a leader take in preparing a talk?

Discuss the purposes of an introduction to a talk and the means of
accomplishing these purposes.

What factors are important in composing the body of a talk?

How should gestures and other bodily movements be used by the
leader when speaking?

Why is the arrangement of material important in speaking?
What factors are important in conversational speech?

What should be stressed in public speaking?

Ford Mbtor Company. In the Ford Motor Company, speech training is

 

utilized in apprenticeship training, in training for supervisors, and as

"Effective Speaking for Sales Personnel". The following outline is of

the apprenticeship program.

ENERAL COURSE OUTLINE
of
EFFECTIVE SPEECH - 802

PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS FORM CF STUDENT APPLICATION

SESSION OF EFFECTIVE SPEECH OF PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS

 

 

I Introductory Lecture Discus- Self Introduction of Students
sing Purposes and ASpectS of
Speech

II

III

VII

VIII
and

Development of objective atti-
tude toward speech: - Play-
back of records with criticism

Physical action and voice

Organization: - Central idea;
Introduction - Discussion -
Conclusion

Organization: - Factors of
Interest, use of illustrations

Summary of principles as
applied to final recordings
and final speeches

Further development of
objective criticism with
evaluation of progress

Final Speeches

Final Review, evaluation
progress, and recommendations
for further deveIOpment

27

Two-minute recordings: - One-
minute reading and oneaminute
extemporaneous

Pantomines and voice drills

One-minute statement of per—
sonal opinion on controver-
sial subject

Tim—minute talk on any sub-
ject with well-marked intro-
duction, discussion and
conclusion

Two-minute introduction of
any subject to arouse
audience interest

Final Recordings: - one-
mmmemmmgmdmw
minute extemporaneous

Five-minute speech utilizing
principles discussed in
previous sessions. 1/2 class
each session

Short written test

The second course offered by The Ford Motor Company in a Production

Management Training Pregram for supervisors who are being trained for more

responsible positions is taught at wayne University as Effective Speech 101.

It is a three-hour course designed to develop poise and confidence in

speaking.

The speaker's personality, voice, diction and bodily action are

considered, as well as the effective preparation and presentation of ideas.

Projects include group discussions, individual talks, reading aloud, and

parliamentary procedure.

individual problems.

Special attention is given to the student's

28
The third program is entitled "Effective Speaking for Sales Personnel".
This special training department program was develOped for sales personnel
by Professor Paul Bagwell, Department of Written and Spoken English,
Michigan State College. The complete course outline is presented below.
The sessions are more or less informal. The sc0pe seems quite wide,
including purposes of speech, voice recording, the voice, organization of

a speech, and final speeches, plus a final examination in written form.

(Special program for Sales Personnel)

COURSE OUTLIIE

 

 

SESSION TOPIC

l. Explanation of the Terms of the Speech Rating Scale
2. Why do we make speeches?

3. What should we talk about?

u. How do we get next to our audience?

5. How do we prepare a speech?

6. How to organize a speech

7. Presiding and participating in meetings

8. Voice and its production

9. After dinner speaking
10. Critical listening
ll. Demonstration talks by members of the class

Chrysler Corporation. The Chrysler Corporation has no special train-

 

ing in the speech area. Chrysler works through established institutions
and relies on them to give students the proper techniques of speech. In

fact, as John M. Amiss of the Chrysler Corporation says, "Chrysler

29
Corporation...seeks to avoid duplication of efforts or competition with

public educational and training organizations".

General Motors Corporation. The General Notors program is the most

 

intensive found in the Metal Fabrication strata. The "G. M. Dale Carnegie
Course" is given to salaried personnel of executive level and they hOpe to
make the course available to all salaried personnel in the near future,

and eventually, to anyone who wishes to take it. Vern K. Proctor, Public
Relations Staff, General Motors Corporation, explains why the Dale Carnegie
Course was chosen. V

In determining the type and nature of public speaking which would
be most appropriate for our peOple, we set certain ground rules. In
the first place the amount of time which our peOple could devote after
'work hours to such training was definitely limited. The fact that the
Dale Carnegie Course could be streamlined into 1h sessions of approxi-
mately 3% hours each, was definitely in its favor.

In the second place, we were of the opinion that our peOple need
practice quite as much as technical knowledge and training. The
Carnegie Course provided Opportunity for each student to be on his
feet several times each session and allowed for a weekly drill session
for students desiring extra practice.

In the third place, we felt that the kind of Speech training our
people needed consisted not so much "in oratorical skill as in getting
across ideas in a friendly, clear and convincing We . The Carnegie
Course with its emphasis on human relations and on poise, seemed
satisfactory on that score. And finally, the program should be of
sufficient interest and appeal that a substantial number of our people
would be willing to contribute their own time and money to participate.
Results to date indicate that this objective has been attained.

The course was adapted to General motors needs by reducing the number
of sessions to lb and by placing more emphasis on human relations, con—
ference techniques, and impromptu speaking.

The introductory material by Dale Carnegie covers the objectives of

the course. He says:

30
If this course ran for four years we might try to improve your
voice, your breathing, your vocabulary. This course lasts, however,
not four'years, but less than four months. So we stick to fundamentals.
Following is an enumeration of the important points covered in each of
the 1h sessions.
Session I. Everyone is put at ease by getting acquainted. It is

eXplained that no one need fear the course since each is in the same boat.

Session II. This session consists of the process of loosening

 

up the vocal mechanism by reading "Mary Had a Little lamb". Emphasis is
placed on talking about something invfifich you can rank as an authority

or something which is of vital interest. The familiar quote of Nebster is
used, i.e. when asked how long he prepared for a speech he answered, "Ten
years".

Session III. Acquiring ease and confidence in Speaking are

 

considered. Gestures, one is told, should come naturally. To emphasize
this, each student uses gestures in describing a visit to a box factory.
Impromptu speeches then are given by each member on subjects selected at
random from topics contributed by the members. Awards are given at the

end of the session.

Session IV. Gaining and holding attention is the subject here.

 

The students are told to come out of their shells and speak with complete
abandon while giving short speeches.

Session V. Session five is concerned with eliminating "woni
whiskers", the "ers" and "uhs". To do this, a contest is set up and
other members snap their fingers whenever a "word whisker" is evident.
The persuasive speech is taken up in the second part of this session and

each person is required to persuade the audience on some topic.

31

Session VI. Careful consideration and preparation of a speech

 

are discussed and two steps of a speech are emphasized: (l) the attention
getter and (2) the "so what". These are devices which make it easy for
people to remember the steps of a speech. The speaker first gains atten-
tion by use of suspense, unified action, fact, or illustration. He then
gives some evidence and gets the audience to the place wiere they say "so
what". At this point he must ask them or compel them to action.

Session VII. The importance of good posture is emphasized.

 

In the second part of the session, enthusiasm is explained as essential
to successful speaking.

Session VIII. Gesturing and putting life in one's talk and the

 

human relations angle of "How to Win Friends" are again stressed.

Session IX. The speech of introduction is taken up in the

 

beginning of the session. The points of brevity, Specificity and a fast
exit (say what you have to say and get out) are stressed. The conference
method is eXplained in the latter part of the session. Four points are
emphasized: (1) find the trouble, (2) find the causes, (3) consider the
possible solutions, and (h) pick the best solution. Such things as keep-
ing the conference moving, summarizing frequently, keeping the conference
on the track and making everyone participate, are given as general rules
to follow.

Session X. Impromptu speaking and projection of the voice are

 

the subjects of session ten.

Session XI. The speech to inform is discussed and the confer-

 

ence method is gone over again.

32

Session XII. Session 12 is mainly an impromptu speaking con—

 

test. haking one's audience like him is taken up in the latter part of
this session.

Session XIII. This session is concerned with a prepared speech

 

contest and with some further emphasis on influencing people in a posi-
tive manner.

Session XIV. This is the wind—up session and an assigned talk

 

on "What I got out of the course" is given by each member.

33

Nonmetallic Mineral Industries

Seven letters were sent to members of this strata which comprised
7 percent of the sample. Eighty-six percent responded, or six corpora-

tions. Of the six respondents, one was fostering a speech program.

Conggleum-hairn, Incorporated. Public speaking classes are Sponsored

 

at Congoleum—Nairn with approximately to people of supervisory level
participating. These classes are under the guidance of two instructors,
employeesof'the company, who have received specific training through an
outside agenqy (name not given). The group meets once a week for two
hours. Each meeting is preceded by a dinner. The training period covers
about one year. As a result, this program has provided a nucleus of
trained speakers who have presented various papers at supervisory meetings.
Several years ago, CongoleumpNairn instituted a series of "Informal
Heetings". In these meetings Speakers visited each plant in the evenings
and presented a subject of general interest to the entire supervisory
staff of that plant. The presentations were about b5 minutes long.
Afterwards the speaker was called upon to answer questions inspired by
his remarks. These questions were written on a form provided for that
purpose. This question-and-answer session lasted about one hour. The

"Informal Meetings" were held three times a year.

Chemical Process Industries

The Chemical Process Industries comprised 19 percent of the study.
Nineteen letters were posted and 17 or 89 percent of those contacted

responded. Eight had speech programs.

The Atlantic Refining Company. The program fostered by the Atlantic

 

Refining Company consists of a pre-foreman training plan of Effective
Speaking. The course is divided into four sessions which take up about
one and one-half hours each. Following is a summary of the four sessions.
Session I. The purpose of this session is to explain the impor—
tance of a foreman being an effective speaker. Practice in speaking is
given by assigning a speech on "your last job". The speech is recorded
on tape as it is given. The recording, when played back, emphasizes the
defects which may arise from lack of preparation.

Session II. The steps to be followed in preparing an effective

 

speech are taken up in the second session. It is emphasized that just
as one would plan a trip, one must plan for a speaking engagement. Five
steps are given for preparation of an effective speech: (I) select a
topic, (2) determine your purpose, (3) collect material, (h) analyze
material, and (S) prepare a speaking outline. It is further emphasized
that the Speech Should be kept within the SCOpe of three main points.

Session III. The purpose of session three is to put into prac-

 

tice the principles explained in session two. Stage fright is discussed
in the latter part of the session and it is explained that the best ways
to keep it under control are four in number: (I) know your subject, (2)

have a healthy attitude, (3) relax, and (h) get experience.

35

Session IV. Practice in the presentation of a talk appealing

 

for action, and discussion of some basic principles concerning voice and
posture are considered. The first rule of posture is given as relax and
stand erect. Six types of speakers are discussed: (1) "Shy rabbit",
(2) "Sonja Henie—the leaner", (3) "debutante slouch"-the lectern leaner,
(h) "Barrel—chested bruiser"-—he can't relax, (S) "drunken sailor"—
is not drunk, just scared, and (6) "the clinging vine"-he hungs the
lectern like a long lost friend. Breathing prOperly and keeping one's

tone forward are the other subjects discussed.

The Continental Oil Company. The Continental Oil Company of New York

 

has complete pro;rams in their Oklahoma and Houston, Texas headquarters,
but as yet the courses are not companyawide. No outline of the course

structure was available.

E. I. du Pont De Nemours,,Incorporated. There is some training being

 

done in this corporation, but the courses are not companyawide. No out-

line of the course structure was available.

The Sutherland Paper Company. The dutherland Paper Company has

 

fostered a speech training session for executives, but the course was
discontinued because of lack of interest and the difficulty of finding a

convenient meeting time.

The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. At Goodyear some speech train-

 

ing is given to Squadron Production Trainees and Squadron Ensineers. The
trainees take speech for one quarter (12 weeks) at Goodyear Industrial

University. A lecture takes two of the scheduled hours. A flannel board

36
is used to emphasize the main points of the lecture. For example, if one
is talking about the tools of effective speaking, a card "How to Prepare
a Speech" appears on the flannel board. These cards, 50 in number for the
lecture, were made up by an artist in the training department. The print—
ing is in various colors. The instructor's outline of the complete

lecture follows:

OUTLINE OF LECTURE ON EFFECTIVE SPEAKIEG

 

I. Introduction

 

_ l. A few lines from "Break, Break, Break".
2. College questionnaires
3. Lord Chesterfields advice
h. Why effective Speaking
5. What Chauncey Depew said

II. The Tools of Effective Speakipg

 

1. How to Prepare a Speech

a. Prepare a gracious greeting

b. Prepare a striking introduction

0. Have a plan for the development of your subject
d. Develop the plan with variety

(1) USe illustrations or examples

(2) Use definitions

(3) Use comparisons and contrasts

(h) Use reasons to deve10p>your ideas
(5) Say it over and over again

(6) Use conversational style

(7) Use vivid words

e. Your greatest effort should go into your conclusion.
2. HOW to Improve Your Vocabulary

a. Build up knowledge of words.

b. Keep vocabulary growing after leaving school.

c. Intelligent plan is necessary if progress is to be made.
d. Get rid of stale, worn-out expressions.

e. Avoid trite figures of speech.

f. learn to use an unabridged dictionary.

3. Read widely.

III.

37

 

3. How to Keep an Audience Awake
a. Arouse self-interest
b. Use humor.
0. SuSpense will keep an audience on the edge of their seats.
d. Sincerity is very important.
e. Use human interest story.
f. The speaker should be animated.
h. How to Conquer Fear
a. Do not attempt self-analysis.
b. Prepare thoroughly.
c. Build up a record of speaking experience.
d. Resolve that fear is a state of mind.
5. How to Improve Your Voice
a. Improve your general health.
b. Be careful in pronouncing words.
c. Make a conscious effort to increase power of your voice.
d. Learn to modulate your voice.
e. Learn to breathe deeply.
f. Read aloud both prose and poetry.
The Four Things a Speaker Should Do
1. Communicate
a. Look at your auiience.
b. Watch your deportment.
c. Appear enthusiastic and animated.
2. Illustrate
a. Illustrate ideas.
b. Give a picture.
c. Use striking words.
d. Compare and contrast.
e. Cite cases. .
f. Use visual aids.
3. Motivate
a. Show how your audience can profit.
b. Show how audience can give unselfish service.
c. Show how audience can uphold their ideals.
d. Show how audience can realize self-preservation.
e. Supply any other wants the audience may need; prosperity,

power, importance, self-interest, et cetera.

38
h. Activate

a. The speaker should be active.

b. The speaker should aim at getting action.

c. Get the audience to respond to your ideas.

d. Tell.your audience what to do.

e. Finish with a great effort.

f. To really activate your group, follow up, if possible.

IV. Conclusion

 

1. For Speech Improvement, Read the following:

a. Public Speaking for Business hen by'William G. Hoffman
b. How To Talk hell by James F. Bender.

 

 

2. Join a toastmaster's group, or if there isn't one, organize one
yourself. The address:

Toastmaster's International
Santa Ana.- California

3. Remember, you are doing more than just making a living.

h. The challenge is yours; you can be the kind of man and the kind
of speaker'you want to be.

After the subject is introduced through the lecture method, ten

practice sessions emphasizing the speaking techniques outlined above follow.

Esso Standard Oil Compagy. At Esso Standard Oil an "Effective Speak-

 

ing” course is given to executives of all levels, including members of

the Board of Directors, and to many levels of sales and technical personnel.
Esso has a complete training center where members of the organization's many
facets are trained periodically. Here, speech training is frequently
offered as a separate course. At other times instruction in effective
speech is incorporated within other full-time-off—the-job courses, such as
Sales hanagement, Advanced Industrial Sales, and Petroleum.harketing in the

United States. It is expected that the course will be enlarged and

39
developed so that selected men from affiliated companies can come to the
E530 Training Center to be trained. After being trained, they can then
return to their own organizations and set up effective Speaking programs.
It is hoped that in the near future complete session outlines, uses of
visual aids, handouts, and other materials will be developed so that the
trainees may return to their own organizations with a firm foundation and
appropriate materials for organizing effective speaking programs. The
course has been in existence for three years and according to Alba K.
Alford, Employee Relations Department, it is growing each year.

The objective of the course is to improve individual potentialities
of those employees who may at some time have to appear before the public.
Philosophically, the course is provided because the company feels that
good representatives are an asset. Since the company desires this type
of individual, it feels it is obligated to provide the training.

The course includes the basic principles of delivery techniques,
audience analysis, and subject preparation. Recordings are used to afford
a basis for criticism and comparison. Use of blackboards, slides, charts,
et cetera is also explained. The course covers about three weeks, con—
sisting of six three—hour sessions held during regular working hours. The
selection of persons to take the course is carried out by the department
heads of the plant. The total number of participants is limited to 16.
The course is taught by a company representative.

Another course is given in Conference Leadership in which the selec-
tion method is the same. Outlines of the two courses showing the

objectives, content, et cetera are included here as furnished by Alba K.

Alford.

hO
TRAINII‘JG PLAN

Name of Course

 

EFFECTIVE STEAKIKG

Objective

To provide training to improve and develop the individual poten-
tialities of those employees whose regular and normal duties include
appearance before employee groups, customers, or the public to present
or discuss Specific subject assignments.

Philosopny

 

Certain employees are responsible in their regular and normal
duties for discussing or speaking on specific subject assignments
before groups of fellow employees, customers or the public. It is of
direct benefit to the Company for these employees to improve their
ability to convey to others a new idea, an improvement in an existing
program, belief in a given Opinion or Company product or to secure
action on a specific proposal. Training to provide the acquisition
of speaking skill by these employees should be provided by the Company.

This training is intended to emphasize the develOpment of each
participant's individual potentialities, provide him with well-
qualified methods of self-development, enable him through practice
talks to eXperiment with these methods and to receive the construc-
tive suggestions of a competent instructor. It is not proposed to
present any long set of rules or attempt to mold an individual to
some predetermined pattern. Only artificiality and self—consciousness
could result from such a program.

SCOpe

The course will include the basic principles of delivery tech—
niques, audience analyses, and subject preparation. Each participant
will also have an opportunity to deliver several practice talks fol-
lowed by the instructor's critique and comments.

Recordings will be nmde of at least two practice talks for the
sake of comparison and will permit self—criticism of subject and
delivery. A brief discussion and practice use of a public address
system, the blackboard, charts, slides, and movies to insure an under-
standing of proper transition and handling techniques will be also

inc l‘ld ed 0

Location and Schedule

 

The course will be held in the E850 Building in one of the
suitable rooms that may be available. It will cover approximately
three weeks, consisting of six three—hour sessions and one two-hour

session for a total of 20 hours during regular working hours.

hi
Tannin-m PLAN

Name of Course

 

C Ol-CFERENCE LEADER“ HIP

Objectives

 

1. Provide information regarding the skills and techniques used
in leading conferences.

2. Provide Opportunity for practice in using these skills and
techniques.

3. Familiarize the potential conference leader with the plan-
ning and organization necessary for effective conference
leadership.

Philosophy

 

The use of conferences to solve operating problems, to train
individuals in management, and to discuss policies has had a rapid
growth in recent years. The popularity of the conference method has
been due to the fact that it enlists the thinking and participation of
everyone in the group.

The coordination of management thinking requires conferences.
Operating problems, sales planning, and personnel policies call for
decisions based upon information and ideas of all concerned. These
opinions must be resolved into a plan of action. The conference offers
the best medium for permitting and stimulating this interchange of
thinking.

Experience has shown that the effectiveness of the conference is
dependent, to a great extent, on the ability of the conference leader
to guide discussion and provide proper direction and stimulation. This
course in conference leadership is intended to provide training and
practice which will help the conference leader improve his effectiveness.

Scope

The course is designed to provide information which will be of
immediate use to the trainee conference leader. The first part is
devoted to an analysis of the proper techniques and required background
for conference leadership, namely:

'1. Background of the conference method

2. Conference leadership qualifications and duties

3. Conference procedures

b. The "FOUR STEP" plan in getting ready to lead a conference

be

S. The "FOUR STEP" plan in conducting the conferences

6. Conference leading techniques, case studies, check sheets,
films, charts, et cetera

7. The use of the blackboard in conference leading and charting
techniques.

8. Situations encountered in conference leading

9. Special devices and techniques used to improve the effective-
ness

10. The use of questions

The remainder of the course (about 65 percent) is devoted to
actual practice in conference leading. Each member Of the course is
given three Opportunities to conduct practice conferences. Each
practice session is followed by a short critique in which fellow
conferees and the course conductor constructively criticize the
conferee's performance.

Johnson and Johnson. The program at Johnson and Johnson has been in

 

effect for seven years. It was inaugurated to help employees become more
competent in their jobs, accept added responsibility and provide Opportunity
for advancement. William V. Machaver, Training Director of Johnson and
Johnson, says:
The Conference Leadership Training course helps to develop tech-
niques of conducting successful conferences. Men on all levels of
supervision are required to lead conferences with their people. we
feel this is an important phase Of a supervisor's job and one for
which a man should be adequately trained.
The course is divided into nine conferences. All of the material taken up
in the entire course is enumerated in Conference I and Conference II.

These conferences are summarized here.

Conference I. Purposes of Conferences. It is explained that

 

conferences in industry have a four—fold purpose: (1) as a communicative
device, (2) as an Opportunity to exchange ideas, (3) as a training tool,
(h) as a technique for getting acceptance of ideas. The three types Of
conferences, as discussed, are: (1) completely controlled--group says

little; (2) leader control plus group participation; and (3) uncontrolled—-

h3
more of a social gathering with no special objective in mind. A demonstra—
tion conference is conducted on "How Can we Make Better Use of Bulletin
Boards". The techniques for controlling and guiding a conference are
enumerated as follows: (1) questions - (direct, Overhead, reverse, and
relay); (2) comments from the group; (3) postural movement, such as eye
contact, pauses, gestures, et cetera. The use of teaching aids, such as
charts, film strips, slides and blackboards is explained. Conference I
is concluded with the introduction and discussion of four phases of dis-
cussion; (l) approach, (2) drawing out, (3) acceptance, and (h) summation.

Conference II. Conference two and the remaining conferences

 

enlarge upon the aspects above. Throughout the program, frequent practice
sessions are held. A summary of the course is given in conference nine.
The three main points emphasized throughout are preparation, prOper

guidance, and frequent summary.

Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation. The Owens-Corning Fiberglas

 

program is comparatively now, having been organized in January 1951.
Fred M. Crandall, The Training Director, is enthusiastic about the
program and has this to say concerning it.
We've tried it on our college grad trainees and it has proven
very effective. we've also tried it with some of our Older super-
visory peOple and we find they, too, react quite well. It is our
intention to further this program.next Winter and from there on.

The course has not been divided into complete session outlines, but a

course outline was submitted by Fred M. Crandall and is presented here.
No other information concerning the instructor or course content was

available.

I.

II.

III.

FIBERGLASS TRAINII‘IG PROGRAM IN EFFECTIVE SPEECH
PHASE I - INTRODUCTION

A. Benefits, Objectives, and Mechanics of Program
B. Get-acquainted Talks

1. Based on personal history
C. Assignment

1. Tell a short, simple story with significant gesture and
facial expressions-mno words whatsoever.

PHASE II - "TAKING THE BULL BY THE HORNS"
A. Overcoming Nervous Tension and Building Self-confidence

l. Recite a familiar nursery rhyme in an exaggerated manner,
carrying it even to the point Of absurdity.

a. Projected whisper
b. Deadpan — monotone
c. Laughing

d. Crying

e. Over-animated

f. Melodramatic

B. Conduct Story-Telling Session Without Words

C. Obtain a List of Ten Specific Subjects from Each Member of
the Group.

1. Subjects to be used later in the program as semi-impromptu
3-minute talks.

D. Assignment

1. Prepare a 2-minute talk on some subject that is familiar
to the individual.

a. Aimed at telling your listeners something that may be
helpful to them-u-how to do something—maybe something

very "evezyday".
PHASE III - "PLANNII-IG A SAFE FOUI-ZDATION"
A. Your Voice
1. Range

2. PitCh
3. Tone

C.

D.

E.
F.

hS

 

 

h. Volume
5. Inflection
6. Pace
Show Film, "Your Voice"
Breathing
1. Benefits \

2. Diaphragmatic breathing idea
Enunciation
1. Common Faults and Exercises

Emphasizing the Great Part Which the Lips, Tongue, and Jaws
Play in Making Speech more Understandable

l. Recite nursery rhyme, "Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall" in
three different ways

a. Lips and teeth closed
b. Teeth closed, lips Open
c.' making fu11 use of tongue, lips, teeth and jaws

Give 2-minute Prepared Talks
Assignment

1. Practice readings to develop effectiveness
a. Emphasizing word endings
(l) "The Cateract Of Indore"
b. Deve10ping the use Of the tongue
(1) "The Brook"
(a) Trill the r's when reading

0. EXplain method Of reading to emphasize the need for
change of pace, pitch, volume, and the need for feeling

(1) "Barbara Frietchie"

(2) "Charge of the Light Brigade"
(3) "The Village Blacksmith"

(h) "Casey at the Bat"

IV. PHASE IV - THE PCS TIVE EFFECT OF EIITHUSLXSLE

A. ’."Jhat It lieans
B. What It will Do

1. For you as the speaker
2. For’your audience

C. Why it Gets Results It does
D. Where and When To USe It

B. How to Develop It

F. Give 3—minute Impromptu Talks
G. Read Selected Poems

1. Over public address system imitating a radio announcer

2. Record each reading for playback and study
3. Contest by twos-loser repeats at later session

H. Assignment

1. Prepare a.h-minute talk on some subject that is familiar to
the individual

a. Give special attention to the principles of enthusiasm
V. PHASE V - "MAKING YOUR STOCK PAY DIVIDENDS"
A. Facial Expressions
1. 'What they are
2. What they will do for the Speaker
3. Most valuable - THE SNILE
B. Eye Contact

1. What it will do
2. How to use it

C. Gestures

1. What they will do
2. What they are
3. How and when to use them

D. Give 3aminute Impromptu Talks
E. Give haminute Prepared Talks
F. Assignment

1. Practice applying principles of gestures in selected readings

h?
VI. PHASE VI - "hEIGHT THE DICE FOR YOU"
A. Posture and Appearance
1. Its effect on the audience
2. Its effect on the Speaker

3. Ideas to help the speaker obtain the most pleasing and
powerful presentation

B. Habits and Kannerisms

l. lifhat they are

2. Different types

3. Their detrimental effect upon the audience
b. How to avoid them

C. Run Team Competition to Correct Common Speaking Faults
D. Give Selected Readings Emphasizing Gestures
E. Assignment
1. Prepare a h—minute talk to get action
VII. PHASE VII - "THE EAP THAT LEADS TO BURIED TREASURE"

A. Give hdminute Talks to Get Action
B. Speech Organization

1. Gathering Ideas
2. Selecting the objective and main points

a.' Outlining and building Speech
C. The h-step Formula for Speech Planning
1. Ho—huml
2. Why bring that up?

3. For instance!
)4 0 SO ‘Hrhat ?

 

Show Film, "How To Make a Sales Presentation Stay Presented"

 

D. Assignment

1. Prepare a second h-minute talk to get action, based upon
h~step formula

VIII.

IX.

X.

1:8
PHASE VIII - "BUILDING SUPER HIGHWAYS FOR YOUR IDEAS"
A. Visual Aids
1. What they are
2. Benefits to the audience
3. Benefits to the speaker
h. Different types of and how to use them

B. Give Second h-minute Talks to Get Action
C. Assignment

1. Prepare a final lOaminute talk on any subject that is
familiar to the individual

a. Apply all principles discussed throughout the program
PHASE IX - PRACTICE FOR PERFECTION

A. Each member of group gives two 30—minute talks to inform and
10-minute talks to arouse or inspire.

PHASE X — SURMARY

A. Five the Final 10—minute Talks
B. Review All Key Points Covered In The Program

General Training Division
January 15, 1951

1L9

Textile and Allied Products

The Textile and Allied Products industries constituted 7 percent of
the study. Seven letters were sent out and six were answered. Of the

six returned, one had a speech program.

The Forstmann'Woolen Cogpanx. All the apprentices in six apprentice-
ship programs at Forstmann are required to take a course in "Effective
Speaking". This is a 32-hour course conducted at the plant.

In addition to this, courses have been offered in this field to
foremen and foreladies in the organization. During the past few years,
there have been two or more classes taking this type of instruction
annually. The work of these groups has been along the lines of general
speech improvement. The improvement of diction, the method of presenta-
tion, voice modulation, organization of subject matter and a study of
correct forms of speech, et cetera, were given attention.

Joseph H. Constantine, Director of Apprentice Training, says:

"There has been a great deal of interest shown by the peOple who
have taken these courses. In fact, some groups have asked for con-
tinuance in the form of advanced work. I...want to assure You that

‘we feel that this is a very important part of the training for peOple
who are in and people who are being trained for supervisory positions".

50

Apparel Industries

The Apparel Industries composed 5 percent of the total sample. Five
letters were sent out and 100 percent response was received. Of the five
answering, one, The A. C. Lawrence Leather Company, has conducted speech

training.

A. C. Lawrence Leather Company. A tenaweeks program in public speak-

 

ing was just completed at the A. C. Lawrence leather Company in April 1951.
Fifteen persons were enrolled in the program which is part of a long-range
program for better equipping them to handle their particular responsibili-
ties. H. W. Seinweth, Industrial Relations Hanager, in answering the
correspondence, stated that he had written and developed the course and

that no written material was available.

51

Food, Liquor and Tobacco Industries

The Food, Liquor and Tobacco industries constituted 9 percent of the

total sample. Nine letters were sent out and seven, or 78 percent, were

answered. One had a speech program.

Standard Brands, Incorporated. A. C. Noble, Industrial Relations

 

DiViSion, says:

About a year ago several peOple in the field sales organization
of one of our divisions suggested that speech training would be help-
ful to many people in the organization. With that as a starter, we
set up a three-day program conducted by an.outside instructor who
conducted two pilot groups of 15 each last winter (1950).

we recognized that in such a short period of time, we could not
hope to accomplish.much more than to emphasize some of the principles
of effective speech and help each individual recognize his own weak
points so that he might concentrate his efforts on improving them.

This course was presented as a "HOW To" program with the followb
ing overall objectives: how to use the voice to help you sell; how
to improve self-confidence and poise; how to think and speak on;your
feet; how to speak convincingly and enthusiastically, how to organize
thoughts for clear and effective presentation; and how to read a paper

to an audience.

The program.was very favorably received by those who participated
and occasional, informal followaup meetings are contemplated where
members of the group can have an opportunity to put to practice the
things they learned in the session.

A card is given to each participant with helpful reminders printed on
it, also a complete outline of the "Effective Speech Program", and a speech

appraisal sheet which covers the main points of material, organization,

presentation, and listener reactions. These materials are presented here.

52

IKIRCVE YOUR.EEHORY
EFFECTIVE SPEECH PLAN

IRA Formula
1. Impressionp- 1. Flash!
Be interested; observe Begin with a statement that
alertly; concentrate will catch attention instantly.
2. Contact!
2. Repetition-- Adapt your flash to the
Repeat whatever you interest of your’listeners.
wish to retai 3. Take.Ahn
State the main idea or
3. Associationp- thought of your talk clearly
Relate that which you and concisely.
wish to remember with h. Follow Through
something already in ' Support your aim.with illus—
your experience trations, authoritative state—

ments, facts, or reasoning.
5. Show the Way

make clear what you want

your listeners to do.

EFFECTIVE SPEECH PROGRAM

 

RAKE THEE WANT TO LISTEN TO YOUR PAPER!

HOw can you.make them want to listen to your paper? When.you read a
paper, you.want others to listen--to understand-to believe-~or to
act. That's your jdb-to make your thought stick in the minds of
others——to keep it from getting lost-—to win attention for your
paper. HOW to do it-—-

Anybody can make a good talk or read a paper effectively-and we
mean anybody. Yet, as listeners, you know there are few who do read
or talk well. Why? They think they can't do it. They think that
speakers are born, not made-—or else they get scared stiff in trying.
No less an authority than William Jennings Bryan stated that "The
ability to speak is an acquirement rather than a gift". This means
you can be a good speaker if you.make up your mind to be. Remember,
"They can conquer who believe they can".

Let's start by listing a few troubles that people sometimes run into
when reading papers. Do any of these apply to you? If so, check

them.

1. Buck fever

2. "Want to get through in a hurry
3. Lose place while looking up

h. Get confused when interrupted

53

. Suddenly realize they have hands
Eyes glued to script

Don't know what to do with.mike
Become rooted to one spot

5
6
7
8

If any of these bother'you, read on. Can you use any of these
suggestions?

Feel nervous? hell, you should. If you don'tvyou'd better see a
doctor, for'you are practically dead--emotionally. I wouldn't want
anyone to speak on my team if he didn't feel nervous when facing a
group. Nearly everyone is nervous when he undertakes to do some—
thing of importance-awhether it's lining up on the gridiron awaiting
the whistle, starting a new job, entering the boss' office or
beginning a speech. Your buck fever is one of’your most important
assets. It is proof that you.are alert to the importance of the
occasion-that you are on edge-ready to meet the challenge. Your
problem is not to eliminate nervousness, but to prevent-it from
showing. These tips may help.

1. Have something to say; don't just have to say something.

Be sure your paper has some meat in it - some facts, observa-
tions, questions, suggestions that will mean something to your
listeners. You owe this much to them. If it takes you 20
minutes to read.your paper and 15 people are present, you
consume 5 hours. Be sure you have something to say that
warrants that much time. When.you knOW'you do have, much of
your buck fever will disappear as soon as you start to talk-
at least it won‘t showi

2. Know your paper thoroughl‘.

Read and reread your paper before you come to the meeting.
Read it aloud. Read it to your wife or to anyone who will
listen. When.you are familiar with.your report, you won't
get "lost" when looking up from.your'paper. You will read
thoughts rather than words.

3. Take time to get started.

 

Pause a moment before you.speak. ‘You can be sure of holding
everyone's attention as long as you don't speak. So take it
easy. Take a deep breath before you talk. This gives you
control of‘your breathing-and good breathing is essential

to speaking as gasoline is to an engine. Look at your

audience straight in the eye. Hake contact before you take off!

5h

h. Concentrate on what you're going to say.

 

Don't be worrying about how you're doing. You are no longer
important. 'nhat you‘re going to say is important-—and your
audience. If you must feel sorry for someone, feel sorry for
them-not yourself. Get your mind off'yourself. Put it on the
audience and on.your report. If you've forgotten to straighten
your tie, it's too late now--forget it.

5. Speak uol

Open your mouth when you read. There's only one place for words
to come out. So Open.your mouth and let them out.

6. Be enthusiastic!

 

Your attitude determines the response of your listeners. You
lack interest, they'll turn away or sleep. You show enthusiasm,
they'll be alert and interested.

7. Be convincing!

 

Be sure of your facts. Know their importance. The big thing in
a talk is the attitude of the speaker. Let people know you
believe what.you say. Be sincere. If necessary, an audience
will forgive you a multitude of sins in presentation-if'you are
Sincere.

8. let yourself gol

 

Forget about hand, feet, gestures. Public speaking texts have
ruined many speakers by writing about how to gesture. True,
action is important because people who listen also watch. They
learn more from observing than from hearing. So your express-
ions mean a lot. But action should result from feeling--just as
it does in conversation. "Feel" what you're talking about-
know it's important-believe it and be enthusiastic about it.
Action.will take care of itself. So don't hold back-as you
feel, so act.

9. Fake yourself heard.

 

Do not stare at rostrum or paper. This destroys sense of communi-
cation-—also sends voice floorward. The voice tends to go where
the eyes look-50'watch.your audience toward the rear of the

room. 'Your voice will automatically get back there.

10. Be conversational..

 

Take it easye-donflt shout! Talk as much like Wyou" as possible.
Don't imitate others. You have personality that no one else has-

55

make the most of it. Don't "make a speech"-—just talk with
enthusiasm and sincerity.

ll. Pause.

Take it easy. Don't rush. You don't have to keep on making
sounds. Silence at the right intervals is an important part of
good speaking and reading. Give emphasis to the really impor-
tant thoughts in your report by pausing before or after them.

12. Ratch.your listeners.

 

Don't bury yourself in.your script, looking up furtively as

though ready to dodge vegetables. There won't be any. look
at your listeners during your reading—~really watch them to

see whether they are following you. Remember, you read for

others-—not for yourself.

13. Look pleasant.

 

Said good old Confusions, "He who cannot smile ought not to

keep a shop". So he who cannot look pleasant should not talk

in public. Be sincere about it. Feel pleasant toward people

and you'll look that way. Be friendly and you'll appear friendly.

1h. When interrupted -— Think! - Then Speak.

 

When a question or Objection is raised, don't go off half-cocked.
No one requires that you answer in the next second. When.you do,
you often say things that you.would never say a bit later. Take
time to realize what the question means. Then marshal your facts
and answer. If you don't have the facts, say so. Don't bluff:

flaking The Mike Help You Talk

The microphone is your friend. Learn how to use it. Here are a
few'tips.

1. Adjust the mike for your comfort. Don't have to stoop
to reach a mike. And don't let it hide your face from
the audience. Adjust it to your height so you can talk
directly into it and still see and be seen easily.

2. Stand as close as you need to for best results. Take
your cue from.preceding speakers. Don't weave back

and forth.

3. leave it alone. Onceyou have adjusted it, leave it
alone. Don't handle it; it's sensitive.

0—.

56
h. Talk to your listeners-—not to the mike. Once you're
correctly set, forget about the micrOphone and watch
your listeners.
5. Take your time-especially to start.

6. Be conversational in tone. Don't shout.

7. Have your papers loose leaf, not stapled. Hike picks
up rattling of papers.

Preparation

 

Margins -
Left — right - top - bottom.
Spacing -

Single or double. Make a trial run to determine which you
follow better. PeOple differ in this regard.

Sentences -

Hake them short. They are easier for'you to follow and
much easier for listeners to grasp.

Paragraphs -

Keep them short. Four or five lines to a paragraph.
You'll handle them much more effectively.

Length of paper -

Remembery you write for others, not yourself. Try to be
both adequate and concise.

S7

SPEECH APPRAISAL — EFFECTIVE SPEECH PROGRAM

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name: Time: Date:
1 tb 1
P actors w 0 "' Helpful Comments
>- 2 3
l: ILXTLHIQJJ MID CREE ZATIOW

Is material worth the listening
time it consumes? Is it impor—
tant to listeners? Are the
thoughts well supported?

 

Is material interesting to the
listeners?

Does speaker relate it to
listener?

Does he include interesting
illustrations?

 

Is the thought clear to the
listeners?

Is the main idea clear?

Do listeners know what
speaker wants them to do?

 

ll.

Iians;;imTION

Does the speaker's voice help
him sell his material?

Does he emphasize effectively?
Does he vary his voice in rate,
pitch, volume?

Is his voice pleasing and con—
vincing?

Is his speech clear?

Does heppause effectively?

 

Does speaker's body help him talk?
Does he put his personality into
his speaking?

Does he express interest in his
material?

Does he watch reactions of his
listeners? All the time?

Is he self-confident? Composed?

 

Does speaker employ language
effectively?

Is his phraseology clear - easily
understood by his listeners?

Are his sentences short?

Does he ask questions?

Is he generous with."you" and
sparing with "I"?

Is grammar reasonably correct?

 

 

 

 

 

58

 

Ill. LISTLHBn hhaCTION
Did listeners react to the opening
remarks?
Was listener interest sustained
throughout talk?
Were listeners keenly interested
in closing remarks?

 

 

 

 

 

59

Electrical Industries

The Electrical Industries comprised 7 percent of the total study.

Seven letters were sent out and six or 86 percent of the corporations

responded. Of the responding six, three or 50 percent had speech

programs.

The Sunbeam Corporation. R. Hagmeyer of the Sunbeam Corporation

sums up the attitude of the members of this corporation when he says:

the
how

MI‘ 0

We agree with you speech training is of decided value - that is
why colleges and industries are encouraging training along that line.

Our company does not have a fixed working plan that promotes
speech training. Within the past year or two, however, various
senior and junior executives have attended classes in public Speaking,
sponsored and paid for by the company. These classes were ten ses-
sions of two hours each at weekly intervals. The classes were con—
ducted by Dr. leighton Borin, Professor at Northwestern University.
Approximately 60 men were enrolled. Many of them are now members of
a public speaking club organized as a debating group, meeting once
each month for a two-hour period. In this manner we hope to main-
tain the value gained in our class work, also to improve our speech
training as we go along.

All of us are convinced that an individual who can think and
speak on his feet enjoys a.decided advantage over someone who can't.
The ability to do so will, without doubt, result in greater progress
than otherwise.

Radio Corporation of America. The emphasis on speech training at

 

Radio Corporation of America will be placed on training the supervisor
to hold small groups meetings and express his ideas more effectively.
H. H. Bowie, of the training division, says:

we are just getting into this field although we recognize that it
is very important. he are not concerned about making our supervisors
public speakers.

In one of our plants some of our people have taken a speech train-

ing course patterned after the Dale Carnegie Course. In another of
our plants a small group has been conducting a speech class after

60
hours, following a standard textbook with which you may be familiar.
This text is ”How to Talk More Effectively” by Jean Bordeaux, and it
is published by the American Technical Society, Chicago, Illinois.

No other information was available concerning the programs enumerated.g

The General Electric Corporation. General Electric is fostering the

 

most extensive and highly developed prOgram in the Electrical Industries
sampled. "Speech Technique in the General Electric Company is receiving
more and more emphasis each year". This statement by'J. M. He1mick of
General Electric eXpresses the importance which is placed on speech in
this organization.

Several years ago, a program was started at General Electric to train
sales engineers in the fundamentals of Effective Presentation. The
instructors came from within the comps . After the course had been
revised and improved several times, it was realized that not only sales
engineers could benefit. Today, the course is not only given to manu—
facturing and engineering personnel but also to peOple in other phases of
the company's Operations. This Spring (1951) there were over 50 classes
being taught.

The course itself attempts to teach correct use of all the methOds
for effectively communicating ideas such as speaking, writing, the use of
the telephone, the use of the dictaphone, et cetera. The greatest emphasis
is placed on the oral presentation of material. Each student is required
to make a Speech at each session.and his efforts are constructively
criticized.

The course structure is explained in an instruction manual for the

leader. The instructor introduces himself briefly giving his name, where

61

he works, his background, and.his interests and hobbies. The students
then do the same. A summary of the 1? conferences in the program follows.

Conference I. The first conference is mostly an orientation

 

period for getting acquainted and.feeling at ease.
Conference II. Attention is stressed. First, it is to be assumed

 

by the speaker that the audience is completely apathetic. Second, after
getting attention, by using surprise or curiosity, the topic must be
‘related to the audience. Thirdly, the speaker must convince the audience
with evidence that the point being stressed is factual. Finally comes the
call to action. The four steps are stated thus: "Ho-Hum", Why Bring
That Up","For Instance", and "So What". The diagram on this page shows
the progress of the procedure. In each session, an outline and completely
written speech are handed to the instructor. Timing is begun at once
with each student being allowed two and one-half to three minutes. A

tape recorder is used so that each student may check his progress.

low

IJ

[3153IV1 ‘1’gy1qqa Efrud

(Diagram of Effective speaking)

62

Conference II]. The aspects covered in the last conference are

 

reiterated and each student is given a "Letter Writer's Nanual". This
begins the letter writing given in conjunction with speaking.

Conference IV. Conference IV primarily deals with the audience

 

point of view. The assigned talk is to concern itself with some outstand—
ing personality one has known. The conference emphasizes the point that
one must be a good listener as well as a good speaker. The following
points relative to speaking are stressed:

1. Learn to be a good listener.

2. Whenever'you speak, always take into consideration the other
person's viewpoint.

3. Remember to translate the facts of your "for instances" into
terms that will carry personal significance to your listeners,
never presenting them arbitrarily. ”Creative Listening Makes
Effective Speaking".

To be a good listener one is told to keep the following in mind:

I. Pay strict attention.

2. Remember we all have language deficiencies.

3. Don't interrupt.

h. Summarize in your own words what has been said.

5. Be interested - look for new ideas.

6. Be unbiased. Try to listen without personal prejudice.

Conference V. A three—minute talk is presented and criticized.

 

The term atmosphere is introduced and defined as "That collective group
of qualities which creates receptiveness, relieves tension or hostility,
and removes doubt or prejudice in the mind of the listener." It may be
broken down into three subdivisions: (a) personality, (b) the human
quality, (c) audience contact. Personality is defined as the extent to
which the individual has learned to convert his energies into habits or
actions which successfully influence other peOple. Personality is said to

convey the ideas of the individual. Audience contact necessitates the use

63
of audible and visible aspects of speech. Appearance, stance, poise, ges-
tures, and facial expressions are all part of the visible in speech.
Audible aspects include the voice which in turn needs the prOperties of
clear enunciation, tone modulation, change and variance of pitch, and
emphasis and inflection. Speak up is the rule given. Diction should be
clear and sharp. Language, which is effective, presupposes the use of
"descriptive, colorful words that have life and stamina." Intentional
pauses as a factor in voice control can be very effective, but one is
warned against using ah's and er's to fill in gaps. Use of these only
make the audience feel nervous because the speaker feels uncertain. The
human quality is explained by emphasizing the importance of common bond.

A good motto might be do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
One is told that practice in this can remove "doubts, prejudices, nervous-
ness, and disline between himself and his listeners". Friendliness is
stressed as an important aspect of the human quality and some suggestions
for cultivating friendliness are given: (1) develop a cheerful lilt to
your voice, (2) wear a friendly smile, (3) "learn to like people...then
let them.kncwryou do", (h) be courteous—-think of other people in.your
correspondence whether it be written or oral; use tack. It is emphasized
that a friendly attitude alone is not enough, for interest must still be
fostered in the audience. Unless one gives the audience what it wants or
creates a desire for wanting what is given, the audience may be apathetic.
Slides, pictures, displays and other visual stimuli are considered as
valuable interest creators. One is told above all to choose a subject on
which he knows the most. One's convictions can dispel a great deal of

ne rvousne S S o

6h
Attention is next considered. One is told "You have all seen a suc-
cessful speaker rise and in that moment before he begins to talk, collect
with his eyes the attention of his audience. when you talk to your
audience look at them, smile with them. No presentation is effective
'without audience contact". It is explained that gestures which are
graceful, slow, large, and clear are very helpful.

Conference VI. Conference VI takes up the voice more thoroughly.

 

Since one's voice describes one, it is important to Speak well. Three
rules are given: (1) enunciate clearly, (2) speak forcefully, by using
volume, emphasis, and intentional pauses, (3) cultivate variety by
effective use of timing, emphasis, variation in volume, and variation in
pitch and'inflection. Development of good voice takes training. One is
told to first relax the vocal mechanism so that full utilization can be
gotten without strain or tenseness. The rag doll technique is given as a
good method of relaxation. The importance of the oral cavity (tongue,
teeth, lips, et cetera) are stressed but the technical formation of sounds
is not considered. At the end of conference VI exercises are given for
breathing and resonance.

Conference VII. Conference VII is entitled "Say What You Mean".

 

A three-minute descriptive or explanatory talk is assigned. It is to be
'written out and outlined. Emphasis is placed on the idea that "any word
that does not help to give the desired impression, hinders". Building a
vocabulary is discussed and three rules are given for doing so: (1) be
alert for new words, (2) reach for your dictionary often, and (3) discover
the origin of the words you use. herds should further_be selected accord-

ing to denotation and connotation. Denotation is described as the idea

65
directly contained. Four tests for words used denotatively are: (l) is
it a correct word, (2) is it correctly used, (3) is it exactly used, and
(b) will it be understood. Connotation is described as the idea that is
indirectly implied. Three tests for words used connotatively are given:
(1) is it euphoneous, (2) has it the appropriate caste——social standing,
and (3) does it contribute a suitable atmosphere.

Sentence structure and paragraphing are considered in the latter part
of conference VII. Use of short sentences is emphasized and three rules
are given in respect to them: (1) the more words in a sentence the harder
it is to understand, (2) the more parts to a.word the harder it is to
understand that word, (3) the more personal references in a paragraph
the easier it is to understand. It is recommended that one shorten sentences
to 1? words, shorten words to 150 syllables per one hundred words, and use
six personal references per one hundred words. Fragmentary sentences are
to be avoided. Sentence unity should be evidenced in the fact that each
sentence is a step forward in one's thought and the words in these sentences
should be put in the order of greatest effect, using all the available
connections. The paragraph should develop a complete thought or ideal.
Parapraphing is important in both writing and speaking. It is more diffi—
cult to convey in the speaking situation, but it must be done by use of
pauses, changes in pitch, or changes of volume.

Conference VIII. Conference VIII is entitled "A Straight line".

 

A three-minute talk demonstrating clarity and forcefulness is to be pre-
pared on the subject of one's choice. Four suggestions are given: (I)
speak clearly, (2) develop your ideas in logical sequence, (3) develop

strong positive convictions, and (h) express your convictions in a clear

concise style.

66

Conference IX. "The Secret of Interest and An Open Kind”. A

 

three-minute talk on a controversial subject is to be prepared. The
instructor asks the student to take the side of the question contrary to
his beliefs. It is explained that the secret of interest lies in eXpress-
ing one's ideas in vivid word pictures, in developing one‘s imagination,
and in arousing one's listeners imagination. Emphasis is put on writing
and speaking with variety and specificity. One is told that an open mind
is hard to maintain because everyone resents condecension. Six rules of
an open mind are given: (1) be courteous, (2) suggest, rather than
command, (3) request, rather than order, (b) insist, rather than threaten,
(5) be sincere, and (6) cultivate the "you attitude (the other persons
vieWpoint)".

Conference X. "Unaccustomed As I Am". The assignment is an

 

extemporaneous speech. It is explained that prepared talks take a great
deal of careful selection of words and frequent revision. Extemporaneous
talks require some preparation, but this preparation many times comes from
personal experience. A warning is given that the beginner should not
resort to extempore speaking unless there is no time to prepare an outline.
A few rules are given which aid in presenting an extemporaneous talk:

(1) use short, coherent sentences, (2) be informal and conversational,

(3) be brief and be sure the introduction is strong.

Conference XI. "A Picture is werth 10,000 Wbrds". As the title
implies, this conference is concerned with charts and other types of visual
aids. A ten-minute talk is assigned in which the person is to discuss some
semi-technical subject with the use of visual aids. An outline and com-

pletely written talk are handed in. The main idea expressed here, other

67
than technique of use, is that "The visual aid should complement the
spoken, not detract from it". Visual aids can be used for greater clarity
and increased audience retention, but they should be used smoothly and
effectively.

Conference XII. Conference XII deals with written work.

 

Conference XIII. If You Read It", "Reports" and "That Monster,

 

The Microphone". A four-minute (500 word) talk on a subject of one's
choice is assigned. It is explained that people usually detest {gag
speeches. They can be made effective, however, if one's eyes are not
glued to a page. A Well marked manuscript can aid in this by making
phrasing and emphasis easier to pick out. One is given ten rules to
follow: (1) always double space the manuscript, (2) never fasten it
together, (3) be sure the type is dark and clear, (A) underline pauses,
(5) mark important words, (6) delete awkward phrases and sentences, (7)
write out phonetic pronunciation of difficult words, (8) put in crescendo
and dimuendo marks, (9) write ideas for ad—libs on the margin, and (1)
practice aloud. The student is told to prepare these reports well through
field, work, library research, or interviews. They must be kept concise
and to the point,is the final word given. The difficulty of using a
micrOphone is discussed in conference XIII. One is told that your voice
is you over a microphone with no audience present. One must remain
ap:roximately 18 inches from the micrOphone and speak conversationally,
but with more richness and emphasis to the words. Five rules are given in
summary: (1) be well prepared, (2) your voice is you, (3) speak into the
microphone, (h) be natural and conversational, and (S) if you have an

audience, look at them.

68

Conference XIV. "The Dynamics of Persuasion”. A speech is

 

assigned in which one is to persuade someone to do or buy something.
Persuasion is defined as "a universal method bf transmitting a desire for
action from.yourself to another person". It is explained that one can
persuade a person to take action he wants to take already, or to take
action on something when the advantages are made clear. It is further
explained that persuasion is then an emotional problem. If one can arouse
the proper emotional responses in others,his case iS'WOD. It must be
remembered, however, that everyone resists persuasion to a degree. A
desire stronger than the resistance must be aroused. One is told to
select several approaches, balance them against one another, and select
the best. What is wanted is voluntary action, not forced action. If a
succession of yeses can be obtained gradually building up to the desired
response, that response can often be gained.

Conference XV. "Success Guaranteed" and "Mechanized Selling".

 

A three-minute talk is assigned. This conference covers the uses of
persuasion in selling. The emphasis is placed on considering each pros-
pect as an individual, not another mechanical sale. Four steps are
emphasized: (1) interest, (2) desire, (3) conviction, (h) action.
Kechanized selling is also used to refer to advertising.

Conference XVI. This is a summary conference.

 

Conference XVII. This is the graduation conference.

 

CHAPTER III

ILPLICAIILES, CUMCLUQIONJ ALD FILLDS OF F"RTHZR STUDY

The purpose of this chapter was to enumerate the conclusions and
implications which could be drawn from the material presented in Chapter

II, and the fields of study which were evinced.

Implications and Conclusions

 

Technologically, industry has advanced since the industrial revolu-
tion. Large industry has become a fixed stereotyped concept in the
American way of life. Large industry, however, brought with it large
problems. mean beings were striving to satisfy needs and desires as
rapidly as industry was trying to satisfy the need for newer and better
machines. Various methods were tried in an attempt to find a solution to
these problems. Some were unsuccessful such as the "Yellow Dog Contract",
which allowed managers to fire workers who joined unions. Some confer-
ences of workers and management seemed to be equally unsuccessful. The
failure of these methods and the failure of management and labor to com-
municate with one another is still evident in the prevalent strikes and
walkouts occuring today. The reason for the failure of labor and manage-
ment to cope with these problems seemed to lie in the realm of communica-
tion. They were not experienced in using speech techniques in solving the
problems of human relationships. In the last decade the industries
sampled in this study havefito a great degree, realized this failure and

have been seeking a remedy. Industry has found this need to be one

70
peculiar to each industry and to each individual. Recognition of the
importance of speech training is emphasized by S. C. Allyn, President of
the National Cash Register Company.

Ability to speak no longer is a professional art to be mastered
only by lawyers, preachers, teachers, and entertainers. The man pre-
paringhfor leadership i2 business needs the ability, £30, because

eadership expresses itself primarily through speech.
Research in this area, with the purpose of finding out what is included in
the programs fostered by industry, has been incomplete. This study had as
its purpose a survey of midwestern and eastern industries to find out
which industries had programs and what was taught in these prOgrams.

To determine the feasibility of the study, a preliminary random
selection was made and 100 percent response was realized. The major
study was based on the response to this preliminary survey. Personal
letters were sent to 110 corporations in all and a response of 89 percent
was realized. Thirty percent of the responding corporations had speech
programs. From this procedure and the results, three valid conclusions
could be drawn. First, the 30 percent indicated as having programs was
an unbiased estimate of the corporations fostering such programs. Second,
when the figures were applied to a 95 percent level of confidence table,
it was evident that 22 to hl percent of the corporations in the population
should have speech programs if sampled at random, while 2h to h3 percent
would be expected not to have programs. Third, the personal letters sent

to the representatives of industry would seem to be an effective means of

realizing naximum.response in a study of this type, since 98 letters were

 

19 S. C. Allyn, "Speech And Leadership In Business," The Quarterly
Journal of Speech, 36qh0, February, l9h8.

 

 

71
responded to out of a possible 110.

In the following paragraphs, the philosophy, structure, content,
instructor, and evaluation of the courses was taken up in an attempt to
formulate a picture of exactly what these courses entail.

The industries fostering programs of speech training seemed to have a
more or less consistent philOSOphy in regard to such training. The major
emphasis in these courses was put on.deve10ping individual capacities for
expression through practice in the proper techniques. When industry
spends dollars and cents to train pecple, it eXpects a dollar and cents
return on its investment in the form of more capable and alert individuals.
Industry wants peOple who can explain things to others, people who can
discuss intelligently and effectively proposed changes, present problems,
or company regulations. Since industry wants this type of individual it
feels it is its duty to provide the training. This philosophy extends
even further into the realm of developing individuals by creating an atmos-
phere of informality in which the training takes place.

Structurally, the courses were concentrated. The major courses were
divided into sessions with each session being a unit complete in itself.
These sessions lasted from one to three hours, depending on the material to
be covered. 'fiithin the session procedure, careful attention was given to
the aspects of practice and criticism. The compact session units were put
in one of three forms, (1) mimeOgraphed sheets, (2) printed manuals, or
(3) in small booklets. The courses offered were frequently given in
connection with a complete training program.encompassing other material,
such as Esso Standard Oil's program in Sales management, or as separate

courses, such as Standard Brand's course in "Effective Speech". At other

72
times several courses designed to take care of specific problems were
given. Such a plan is the Ford Motor Company‘s in which one course was
given to apprentices, one to supervisors, and one to sales personnel. As
structurally designed at the time of this study the majority of the courses
were given to male supervisors and salaried executives, with the belief
that they would be expanded to include all interested parties in the
corporations. Female participation in speech training programs was men-
tioned only once, in the Forstmann woolen Company.

The courses, as explained in the last paragraph, were highly concen-
trated, but yet they attempted to give a well rounded, practical view of
the aspects of speaking. The major points emphasized in the programs
seemed to be those of preparation, delivery, and subject matter. The texts
for the programs presented these factors in simple straightforward lang-
uage which was interwoven with unique cartoons, in some cases, to
emphasize points. These courses have been developed by people working,
within the corporate structure, by outside agencies (Dale Carnegie, Inc.),
or through utilization of material developed by others such as James F.
Bender or Harold P. Zelko. ‘Within the corporate programs, practical as-
pects of speech were stressed. In seven programs, voice development was
stressed; among these were Ford, Owens-Corning Fiberglas, and Goodyear.
Seven programs, while not mentioning voice pg: s3, used recordings of the
voice extensively; one of the most important was the General Motors Dale
Carnegie Course. To nine, the teaching of voice deveIOpment was incidental
to the teaching of straightforwani communicating devices. The Atlantic
Refining program would fall in this category. Conference methods were

taught in many instances along with the major aspects of public speaking.

'73
Johnson and Johnson and Esso Standard Oil placed the major emphasis on
this, while others such as the Great Lakes Steel Corporation and Goodyear
seemed to give it little attention. The use and value of visual aids as
communicating devices was treated in almost all of the major training
programs, with the belief that pictures are worth many words. The use of
these aids was practiced along with the regular speaking assignments. The
types of Speaking pertaining to various occasions such as the speech to
inform, to entertain, to persuade, to activate, and to impress were dis-
cussed in the majority of the programs. Also, in a great majority of the
programs, it was stressed that a speech must be concise. The methods for
obtaining this conciseness were sticking to a maximum of three main points,
and the use of the familiar divisions-introduction, body and conclusion.
It was evident from.the material presented that although these courses
were concentrated in time, they were extensive in the coverage of material.
JMcreOVer, the amount of material covered was not necessarily in relation
to the size of the corporation. In general the larger ccrporations covered
approximately the same material as the smaller, but spread it over a
longer period.

Not much information about the background of the instructor was avail-
able. He seemed to come predominantly from.within the corporation, but in
some cases, he was drawn from college faculties. However, the content and
structure of the courses seemed to indicate that these instructors were
steeped in human relations and practical experience. They were dynamic,
observant, and patient. In some respects the instructor in these courses

had a job which was perhaps somewhat different from that of the college

professor. He had to be able to present the concentrated program in an

7h

appealing way.

Concrete evaluation of the programs effectiveness was not explained
by the training directors. Some of the com ents of these directors
seemed to indicate, however, that the courses were evaluated primarily by
the success or pOpularity they enjoyed. Another evaluation could have

been the final tests given in some instances, depending on the type of test.

Eields of Further Study

 

This study was one step in what it is hoped will be a long line of
such studies in adult and industrial speech training. As Professor Zelko
and others have emphasized, there is great need for such investigation.
Some of the fields for further investigation became evident as this study
progressed. Studies could be made of southern and western industries to
determine the extent of speech training in these areas. The corporations
with less than 2,000 emplovees could be sampled. Industries in other
categories such as banking, dairwing, agriculture and retailing could be
studied. A comparison of aspects taught in the industrial situation with
those taught in the college or university could provide much information.
The history and development of speech training in a selected number of
corporations could reveal the circumstances which first brought about the
recognition of a need for speech training. The visual aids used in the
Speech programs could be an interesting field for someone desiring informa-

tion on this phase of industrial training.

BIBLIOGRAPPH

76
BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. BOOKS

Aldelfer, E. E., and Michl, H. E., Economics of American Industnz.
New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., l9h2. 566 pp.

 

Bellows, Roger M., Psychology of Personnel In Business and Industry.
New York: Prentice—HalI, Inc., l9h9. 361 pp.

 

Bender, James F., The Technique of Executive Leadership. New York:
McCraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1950. 291 pp.

 

Homans, George C., "The'Western Electric Researches," in Human Factors
In Management, By Schuyler Dean Hoslett, New York: Harper and
brothers, l9h6. 322 pp.

 

 

H. C. Metcalf and L. Urwick, Dynamic Administration, The Collected Papers
of Mary Parker Follett, New York: Harper and Brothers, l9h0. 326 pp.

 

 

Snedecor, George'W., Statistical Methods Applied to EXperiments in Agri-
Culture and Biology. Ames, Iowa: Collegiate Press, Inc., l9EEL 565 pp.

 

 

B. PERIODICAL ARTICLES

Allyn, S. 0., "Speech and Leadership in Business," The Quarterly Journal
of Speech, XXXIV, (February, 19h8), 36qh0.

 

Estes, Charles T., "Speech and Human Relations in Industry," The Quarterly
Journal of Speech, XXIII, (April, l9h6), 160-169.

 

 

"Is Anybody Listening," Fortune Magazine, XLII, (September, 1950),
77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83; 167, 188:”170, 172, 17h, 176, 178.

 

"Language of Business," Fortune hagazine, XLII, (November, 1950),
113, 11h, 115, 116, 117, 13h, 136, 138, 1hO.

 

"Life Goes to a Toastmaster's Club," Life, XXII, (January 6, l9h7), 86—92.

Zelko, Harold P., "Adult Speech Training: Challenge to The Speech
Profession," Quarterly Journal of Speech, XXXVII, (February 1951),

55-62.

 

77

C. PAEPHLETS

Report of the Convention of Dale Carnegie Clubs International.June 2h, 1950.
New York, New York: Institute of Effective Speaking and Human
Relations, 1950. 3 pp.

D. UNPUBLISHED LATERIALS

Dean, Margaret 2., "Qualifications of Industrial Conference Leaders."
Unpublished Master's dissertation, Wayne University, Detroit, Michigan
l9h8. 81 PP.

Hanifan, Catherine E., "Speech Training in Retail Department Stores."
Unpublished study. Northwestern University, Emanston, Illinois,

19h9. 75 pp.

Jacobs, J. H., "A Study in Communications in the Baur's Stores in Denver,
Colorado." Unpublished Laster‘s dissertation, The University of
Denver, l9hh~h5. 132 pp.

Kollander, A. E., "A Survey of Speaking Situations in Business Enter-
prises of Denver." Unpublished master's dissertation, The University
of Denver, Colorado, l9bh. 50 pp.

Purcell, Dale, ”A Survey of Business Speech Needs." Unpublished Master's
Dissertation, The University of Redlands, California, l9h9. 62 pp.

Raines, Sam, "An Analysis of Speech Training For Adults in Business and
Industry in Kansas City, hissouri." Unpublished Naster's disserta-
tion, The University of Kansas, Missouri, l9h9. 80 pp.

'Wattles, Jervis J., "The Use of Oral Techniques in Industrial Supervisory
Training and Communication Programs of Four Detroit Companies."
Unpublished Master's dissertation, Wayne University, Detroit, Michigan
19h80 71 pp.

APPENDIX

AP} ENDIX

 

Number of

Metal Industrie3 Emnlovee s
Acme Steel Co., 28h0 Archer Avenue, Chicago 8, Illinois h,OOO
Alan Wood Steel Corporation, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 3,200
*wAllegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., Henry Oliver B1dg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 12,500
Aluminum Co. of America, 801 Gulf Bldg., Pittsburg 19, Pennsylvaniah6,000
The American Brass Co., hlh Meadow-St.,'4aterburg, Connecticut 20,000
Smelting and Refining Co., 120 Broadway, New York 32, New York 32,908
*wAnaconda Cepper Mining Co., 25 Broadway, NeW'York b, New York h5,079
Andes Copper Nining Co., 25 Broadway, New York, New York h,000
Bethlehem Steel Corp., 100 W. Tenth St., Wilmington, Delaware 132,000
Bridgeport Brass Co., 30 Grand Street, Bridgeport, Connecticut 5,000
Calumet and Hecla Consolidated COpper Co., Calumet, Michigan 2,500
Calumet and Hecla Consolidated Copper 00., Boston, Nassachusetts 2,h50
swCampbell, Nyant and Cannon Foundry Co., Nuskegan, Kichigan 3,200
Ceco Steel Products Corp., 5601 26th St., Chicano, Illinois 2,h00
Cleveland—Cliffs Iron Co., 1h60 Union Commerce Bldg. Cleveland 6,000
Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co., 17000 St. Clair Ave., Cleveland 2,97h

Continental Copper and Steel Industries, Inc., 3h5 Madison Ave.,

New York, New York 2,000
Continental Steel Corp., 1109 S. Kain St., Kokomo, Indiana 2,h82
Copperweld Steel Co., GlaSSport, Pennsylvania 3,000

*aCrucible Steel Co. of America, £05 Lexington Ave., New York 1h,211
Dayton Nalleable Iron Co., 1307'0. 3rd St., Dayton, Ohio 3,000
Detroit Steel Corp., 1025 S. Oakwood Avenue, Detroit 9, Michigan 3,950
Granite City Steel Co., 20th St. and Madison Ave., Granite City,

Illinois 2,900

asfireat Lakes Steel Corp., Tecumseh Road, Ecorse, Detroit, Nich. 13,000
Ingersoll Steel Division, Borg-warner Corp., 319 S. kichigan Ave.

Chicago, Illinois 2,759
Inland Steel Co., 38 S. Dearborn St., Chicago 3, Illinois 17,000
**Interlake Iron Corp., 1900 Union Commerce BLig., Cleveland, Ohio 2,063
International Silver Co., h8 State St., Neriden, Conn. 6,000
*%Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp., 3rd Ave. and Ross St., Pittsburg h1,516
Kennecott COpper Corp., 120 Broadway, New York 5, N. Y. 23,100
Keystone Steel and Airs Co., 7000 St. Adams Street, Peoria, Ill. 2,150
Lukens Steel 00., S. lst Ave., Coatesville, Pennsylvania L,500
Midland Steel Products Co., Madison Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 5,000
Mueller Brass Co., 1925 Lapeer Ave., Port Huron, Michigan 2,980
National Lead Co., 111 Broadway, NeW'York 6, N. Y. 13,000
New Jersey Zinc Co., 160 Front St., New York 7, N. Y. 6,3h8
Patino Nines & Enterprises, Consolidated, Inc., New York, N. Y. 7,600
Phelps Dodge Corp., hO wall St., New'York 5, N. Y. 12,080
*Pittsburg Steel Co., 1600 Grant Bldg., Pittsburg 19, Pennsylvania 9,800
Republic Steel Corporation, Republic Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio 65,000
Revere Copper'& Brass, Inc., 230 Park Ave., New'York 17, N. Y. 8,85h

efiéU. 8. Steel Corp., 71 Broadway, NeW'York 6, N. Y. 291,163

r,

metal Fabricating Industries

 

ATF, Inc., 200 Elmora Avenue, Elizabeth 3, New Jersey

80

3:000

Addressograph—Nultigraph Corp., 1200 Babbitt Rd., Cleveland 17, Ohio 2,b00

*wAllis-Chalmers Mfg. Co., 1126 S. 70th St., Nilwaukee 1, His.
**Aluminum Goods mfg. Co., Nanitowoc, Wisconsin
American Blower Corp., Box 58, Roosevelt Park Annex, Detroit, Mich.
**American Brake Shoe Company, 230 Park Avenue, NeW'Ycrk 17, N. Y.
American.Can Co., 230 Park Avenue, New York 17, N. Y.
American Car and Foundry Co., 30 Church St., Iew'York 8, N. Y.
American Chain & Cable Co., Inc., 929 Connecticut St., Bridgeport,
Connecticut
American Hardware Corp., 10 Granklin Square, New Britain, Conn.
Locomotive Co., 30 Church St., New York 8, N. Y. (American)
American Machine & Foundry Co., 511 Fifth Ave., New York 17, N. Y.
American Metal Products Co., L.T.D., 61 Broadway, New York 6, N. Y.
American Radiator & Standard Sanitary Corp., hO W. b0th St., N. Y.
American Sealing Co., 901 Broadway, Grand Rapdds, Michigan
Baldwain Locomotive'works, Paschall, P. 0. Philadelphia, Pa.
**Be11 Aircraft Corp., P.O. Box 1, Buffalo 5, New York
*rBendix Aviation Corp., 110A Fisher Bldg., Detroit 2, Nichigan
Black & Decker Ngf. Co., E. Pennsylvania Ave., Towson h, Maryland
BlaweKnox Co., 2028 Farmers Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh 22, Pa.
Borg-Warner Corp., 310 S. Nichigan Avenue, Chicago A, Illinois
Bowser, Inc., 1302 Creighton Ave., Fort Nayne 2, Indiana
Briggs Mfg. Co., 3675 E. Outer Drive, Detroit 3h, Michigan
Briggs & Stratton Corp., 2711 N. 13th St., Milwaukee 1, His.
Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., 236 Promenade St., Providence, R. I.
Bucyrus Erie Co., South Milwaukee, lisconsin
Budd Co., 2h50 Hunting Park Ave., Philadelphia 32, Pa.
*aBulova‘Watch Co., Inc., 630 Fifth Avenue, New York 20, N. Y.
Burroughs Adding Machine Co., 6071 2nd Ave., Detroit 32, Mich.
A. N. Byers Co., 717 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh 30, Pa.
Carrier Corp., 30 S. Geddes St., Syracuse 1, New York
J. I. Case 00., 700 State Street, Racine, Hisconsin
**Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria 8, Illinois
Chamberlin Co. of America, l25h Labrosse St., Detroit 26, Mich.
**Champion Spark Plug Co., 900 Upton Ave., Toledo 1, Ohio
Chapman Valve Mfg. Co., 203 Hampshire St., Indian Orchard, Kass.
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 6 E. Fourth St., Chicago 3, Illinois
Chicago Screw Co., 2701 Washington Blvd., Bellwood, Ill.
Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Michigan.
Cincinnati Killing Machine Co., h701 Narburg, Ave., Oakley, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio
City Products Corp., 33 S. Clark Street, Chicago 3, Illinois
Clark Equipment Co., Buchanan, Michigan
Coleman 00., Inc., 250 N. Street, Nichita, Kansas
Combustion Engineering-Super Heater, Inc., 200 Madison Ave., N. Y.
‘HContinental Can Co., 100 E. b.2nd St., New York 17, N. Y.
Continental Foundry & Machine Co., 1hhth St. & R.R. Ave.,
East Chicago, Illinois

32,5b5
2,900
2, 200
9,000
31,18h
10,800

8,0:0
h,200
10,3h5
2,030
3,000
22,000
2,000
11,765
3,06h
21,900
2,300
6,500
18,h85
2,672
37,000
2,h50
3,500
5,000
20,000
2,000
12,000
2,600
5,000
11,900
20,500
2,250
3,29h
2,500
umco
2,000
90,000

3,h00
8,500
h,h00
2, 000
8,000
25,000

22,750

Continental Motors Corp., 205 Market St., Muskegan, Michiga
Cooper—Bes semer Corp., N. S1dersky St., Mount Vernon, Ohio
Crane Comfi>2ny, 836 S. Miclligan Avenue, Chicag o 5, Illinois
Crown Cork and Seal Co., Inc., 4425 Eas tern Ivenue, Baltimore
Curtiss Wright Corp., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, N. Y.
Deere & Co., 1325 Third Avenue, Molina, Illinois
DeLaval Separator Co., 165 Broadway, New York 6, New York
DeLeval Steam Turbine Co., 16 Broadway, New York 6, New York
Detroit Harvester Co., Guardian Bldg., Detroit 26, Michigan
Henry Disston & Sons, Inc., Tacony, Philadelphia 35, Pa.
Doehler—Jarvis Corp., 386 Fourth Ave., New York 16, New York
**Draper Corp., 25 Hopedal St., Hope, Massachusetts
Dravo Coro., Fifth & Liberty Aves., Pittsburgh 22, Pennsylvania
Eagle-Picher Co., American B1dg., Cincinnati 1, Ohio

81

6,000
3,700
19,000
17,850
553

22,358

2,450
2 ,000
2,700
3,300
8, 202
5:234
4,236

Easy Washing Machine Corp., Solar and Spencer Sts., Syracuse 1, N.Y.2,000

Eaton Mfg. Co., 739 E. 140th St., Cleveland 10, Ohio

Ekco Products Co., 1949 N. Cicero Avenue, Chicago 39, Illinois

Elgin National Natch Co., 107 NationEl St., Elgin, Illinois

Ex—Celleo Corp., 1200 Oakman Blvd., Detroit 32, Michigan

Fabnir Bearing Co., Booth Street, New Britain, Connecticut

Fairchild Engine & Airplane Corp., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, N. Y.

Felk Corp., 3001 N. Canal St., Milwaukee 8, Wisconsin

Fedders~Cuigan Corp., 5801 Grand Ave., M2 speth, L. I. New-York 2,

Federal Mogul Corp., 11031 Shoemaker Ave., Detroit 13, Mick 1gfn
*Ferro Machine & Foundry, Inc., 3155 66th St., Clevelr nd 27, Ohio

Florence Steve 00., 205 School St., Gardner, Massachusetts
**Ford Motor Co., 3000 Scha-efer Rd., Dee rborn, Michigan

Foster Nheeler Cor3., 165 Broswdw y, New York 6, New Yoxk

Gar flood Indus tries, Inc., Main St., Nayne, Michige

Gardner-Seenver Co., S. Front St., Quinqy, Illinois

General American Transportation Corp., 135 S. LaSalle, Chicago

General Cable Corp., 420 Lexington Ave., New York 17, New York

General Devices & Fittings Mfg. Co., 1450 Buchanan Ave.,

Grand Rapids, Michigan

General Instrument Corp., 829 Newark Ave., Elizabeth 8, New Jersey
400,002

**General Motors Corp., General Motors B1dg., Detroit 2, Michigan

General Precision Equipment Corp., 92 Gold St., New York 7, New Y.

*General Steel Castings Corporation, 1417 State St., Granite City,
Illinois
General Time Corp., 109 Lafayette St., New York 13, New York
Gibson Refrigerator Co., 515 N} William St., Greenville, Mich.
Gillete Safety Razor Co., 15 N. lst St., Boston, Mass.
Goodyear Aircraft Corp., 1210 Massillon Road, Akron 15, Ohio
Gruman Aircraft Engineering Corp., Sheridan Ave., Beethpege, N. Y.
N. F. Hall Printing Co., 4600 Diversey Ave., Chicago 39, Illinois
**Hamilton Stsndard Division United Aircrrft,5 2. Msin St., H rtford,
Connecticut
Hamilton Notch Co., Columbia Ave., Lancaster, Pa.
M. A. Henna. Co., 1300 Leader B1dg., Cleveland 14, hio
Heil Co., 3000 w. Montana St., Milrraukee 1, Jisconsi
**Heintz Mfg. 00., Front St., & Olney'Ave., Philadelphia 12, Pa.
Hercules Motors Corp., 101 11th St., 8.8., Canton, Ohio

8,059
3,654
3,900
3,300
3,600
5,300
2,052
2,250
2,400
2,700
2,600

136,000

8,700
2,500
2,900
7,500
4,500

2,864
3,000

2,100

3,000
5,252
4,000
3,019
4,500
6,200
5,500

2,000
2,500
7,200

2,800
2,000
2,500

Hobart Mfg. Co., Pennsylvania Avenue, Troy, Ohio
Holland Furnace Co., 491 Columbia Avenue, Holland, Michigan
**Hoover Co., 101 E. Maple St., North Canton, Ohio
Houdaille-Hershey Corp., 1500 Fisher Bldg., Detroit, Michigan
Hudson Motor Car Co., 12601 E. Jefferson Ave., Detroit 14, Mich.
**Ingersoll Rand Co., 11 Broadway, New York 4, New York
F. Ingreham Co., 392 N. Main St., Bristol, Mass.
International Business Machines Corp., 590 Madison Ave., N.Y.
**International Harvester Co., 18 N. Michigsn Avenue, Chicago
**F. L. Jacobs Co., 1043 Spruce St., Detroit 1, Michigan
Jeffrey Mfg. Co., First Ave. & Fourth St., Columbus 16, Ohio
Joy Mfg. Co., 333 Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh 22, Pa.
Kaiser, razer Corp., Nillow Run, Michigan
Kelsey—Hayes Wheel 00., 3600 Military Ave., Detroit 32 ,Mich.
King-Sealey Corp., 315 S. First St., Ann Arbor, In dchigen
Kroehler Mfg. Co., 222 Fifth Ave., Naperville, Illinois
Lamson & Sessions Co., 1971 N. 85 h St., Clevelz nd 2, Ohio
**The Lennox Furnace Co., 200 S. 12th Ave., Mamr shalltown, Iowa
R. G. LeTourneau, Inc., 2301 N. Adams St., Peoria, Illinois
Link Belt Co., 307 N. Michigan Ave., Chiceeo 1, Illinois
Lionel Corp., 15 E. 25th St., New York 10, New York
Nbck Trucks, Inc., Empire State Bldg., New York 1, N. Y.
Manning, Maxwell & Moore, Inc., 405 Lexington Ave., New York 17,
Marine Midland Corp., 15 Exchange Pl., Jersey City 2, New Jersey
Glenn L. Martin Co., Baltimore 3, Maryland
Maytag Co., 512 N. Fourth Ave., N. Newton, Iowa
McCord Corporation, 2587 E. Grand Blvd. Detroit 11, Michigan
McInerney Spring & Nire Co., 655 Godfrey Ave., S. N. Grand Bacids
**Mergenthsler Linoty 0e Co., 29 Pverson St., Brooklyn, New York
Midwest Piping & Sui ply Co., Inc., 1450Q 6. Second St., St. Louis
*Mills Industries, Inc., 4100 Fullerton Ave., Chicago 39, Illinois
Minnea.polis—Honewell Regulator Co., 2745 Fourth Ave., Minneapolis
Monroe Calculating Machine Co., 555 I4itchell St., Orange, N. J.
Motor Products Corp., 11801 Mack Avenue, Detroit 14, Michigan
Motor Nheel Corp., 35 E. Sarinaw St., lensing 3, Michigrn
Mullins Mfg. Corp., S. Ellsworth Ave., Salem, Ohio
Nash Kelvinetor Corp., 142 50 Plymouth Pd., DetroitN 32, I410 h.
National Can Corp., 100 E. 42nd St., New York 17, N .Y.
The National Cash Register Co., Mr-in & K. Streets, Dayton, Ohio
*National Container 001p., 30 001 Peview Ave., L. I. City, 1, N. Y.
National Lock Co., 1902 7th St., Rockford, Illinois
National Malleable & Steel Castings Co., 10600 Quincy Ave.,
Cleveland 6, Ohio
*Netional Radi.’ -tor Co., 221 Central Ave., Johnstown, Pa.
**Nationa1 Screw & Mfg. Co., 2440 E. 75th St., Cleveland 4, Ohio
Notional SuppLy Cob, Grant Bldg., Pittsburgh 30, Pa.
New BritAin Machine Co., South St., New Britain, Conn.
**New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, New Jersey
**Nicholson File Co., 23 Acorn St., Providence, Rhode Island
Nile—Bement-Pont Co., Charter Oak E1Vd., Nest Hrrtford, Conn.

Niles Tool .- brks, 545 N. Hamilton, Ohio
**Nordberg Mfg. Co., 3073 3. Chase Ave., Milwrukee 7, Ni
**Norge Division, Borg~warner Corp., March niize Mfrt Plan

Northwestern Steel & Wire Co., 1012 Net'l Bldg., E. 6t

Cleveland, Ohio

Oliver Corporation, 400 W.

O'Neide L. T. D., Kenwood Station,

Otis Elevator Co., 260 4th five.,

Outbo 3rd, MCLine & M3 3. Co., ZOO

Pa3ker Pen Co., CJlrt& Divis ion Sts., Jane wv 1e, V.isconsin

Perfection Stove Co., 7609 Platt fve., Clevelond 4, Ohio

Pitney~Bowes, Inc., Walnut & Pscific Sts., Stanford, Conn.

Pittsburgh Screw & Bolt Corp., 2719 Preble Lve., Pitt burgh, Pa

Remington Arms Co., Inc.,0 ,39 Barnum Lve., Br idg e1ort, Conn.

Remmington Rand, Inc., 315 4th five., l.ew York 10, Nov York

Reo Motors, Inc., 1331 Pnohington nve., Lin;in' 23, Nifhiéffl

fiheem Mfg. Co., 573 Le;:ington 1ve., New York 22, Huh York

Riley Stoker Corp., 9 Ncnonsetc Lt., Worcester 8, Miss.

Bobcr shit—Ful ton Controls Co., 110 3.

Third St.,

if. r”" "fij

'MAU\$

St., Chicsgo, Illinois
Oneida, New York
ew York 1, N. Y.

Pershing Pozd, ..;uk egzn, Ill

1?]

Cttermen
Rockwell Mfg. Co., 400 N. Lenincton five., Pittsburg, P;.,

Ponson Lrt Motel Parks, Inc., fironron Sun're, chrrk 2, New Jersey
Royal Typewriter Co., Inc., 2 Part Ave., New York 16, N. Y.
Seco~Lowell€ m,:, 60 Betterymnrch St., Berton 10, Moss.

Electric Co., 11th & Converse, S ringfield, Ill.

Savoge Arms Corp., 60 E. 42nd St., New Yor: 17, N. Y.

Seeger Befrigerctor Co., 850 Arcrde St., St. Paul 6, Yinneeota
Servel, Inc., 119 N. Morton Eve., Evr1cville 20, Indian?

Shellmar Products Corp., Mt. Vernon, Ohio

(3
u-) c; b 0:131

L. C. Smith & Coron0.Tv1ewriters, 701 Washington St., Syracuse,N.Y.

Sperry Cor;:., 30 Rockefeller P1! ..20, New York 20, Ncw York
St ndtrd Prooucts Co., 2130 110 St., Cleveland 2, Ohio
Screw Co., 3.01 V"%105ton -lvd., Ebllwood, Illinois
Standard Steel Spring Co.,Q .43 4th Ave., CorOpolis, Pa.
The Strnley Works, 195 Lake St., New Britain, Connecticut
Stewartéflarner Corp., 1826 Diversey Pkwy. Chicago 14, Illinois
Talon, Inc., 626 Arch St., Meedville, Pennsylvania
Trylor Instrument Co., 95 Ames St., Rochester, N. Y.
Timken Roller -Jearing Co., 1835 Dueber 1ve., S. V. Canton, Ohio
Trailmobile Co., 3lst & Robertson Ive., Cincinneci 8, Ohio
**True Temper Corp., 1623 Euclid 1ve., CleVel 11d 15, Ohio
Undernood Corp., 1 Psz 1've., New York 16, New York
**United flircrcft Corp., 400 Mrin St., E’st Her tford, Conn.
United Shoe M:.cninery Corp., 140 Federal St., Boston 7, Miss.
**Vclth:m Vrtch Co., 221 Clescent St., Tilt‘FM, Macs.
**¥e:ther Seal, Inc., Parberton, Ohio
1estinghouse fir Brcske Co., b.ilmer€ ing, P2.
fihirpool Corg., St. Jooegh, Michi~an

Stcndtrd

“firitc Mot or Co., 842 E. 73th ”t., Clevclini 1, Ohio
. A I C‘ fl ' 1 f’ ‘ . '\
1.}‘11’9 30‘7111 }!_, «I‘LilSE‘ CC“ I)., lip/:1.- 1“”an L t., ngb11¢4.rd 1’ 01"}..J
**Hillv; Ovnzllnd Pct org, Inc., Melott Plv4., Toltic 1, Chi“
on,

St., Greenburs, Pa.

1 ’nqo

/’\J\J-I

2,-00
4,1”
4,600
",500

10,000

4,200
2,700
1,100
5,500
5,?JO
-,000
5,020

15,930

,000
1,000
3,500
6,500
7,500
4,000
2,291

16,150

3,000
2,606

12,000
24,000

Q E‘Af‘

1" n/_/
’«vv

0,000
3,135
'3 ('V‘g
-')

A,:cc
"‘ (“‘1
“’2‘ \‘V
{1 "7:!“
H', I (V

9.4
Wilson Foundl; 9 Minhine Co., kilscn Ave., Pon*icc, fi’chigsn “,500
**Vorthingt0n Pump & Machinery Cor“., 4C1 Tcrfhirgtcn Fve., 7,794
Ysle & Toune Mfg. Co., 405 Lexington five., New York 17, N. Y. 8,501
L. P. Young Spring & Hire Corp., €200 Rucscll St., Detrcit ll, Mich 7,5CC
The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., Centrsl Square, YO‘figstcvn,
Ohio 0v ‘0

*fi-The Studebaker Corp., South Bend, Indirn; 19,765

Ncinetfllic Mineral Industries

 

American Window
*‘Pnchor Hock ing
Itlw Pl

Class Co., Farmers Bldg ., Pitte burgh, Pa.
01553 Corp., 109 N. Broad St., Lancaster, Ohio
3'wood Corp., 1432 Stetler Bldg., Boston 16, Moss.
Bokelite Corp., 30 E. 42nd St., NewY York 17, New York
Pehr-Mennign Corp., Troy, New York
Berwind White C051 Mining Co., Broadwry, New York 4, N. Y.
Brunswiokawlke—ColJender Co., 623 S. Web Sh Pve., Chiosgo 5,
Cerberundum Co., P. O. Box 337, Niagara Falls, New York
Philip Carey Mfg. Co., Lockland, Cincinneti 15, Ohio
**Certein-teed Products Corp., 120 E. Lancaste ,Pve.,.Prdmore, Pa.
Columbien Carbon Co., 41 E. 42nd St., New York 17, New York
**Congoleum—Neirn, Inc., 195 Belgrove Drive, Keerny, New Jersey
Corning Glass Works, Corning, New Yo k
**Devoe & Reynolds W. Inc., 737 let Ave., New York 17, New York
Diamond Match Co., 122 E. 49nd St., New York 17, New York
Flintkote Co., 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, New York
General Fireproofirg Co., E. Lennick pve., Yo“ gotoxn, Ohio
Glen Ilden Co.“ -1 Co., 310 Jeffere on Pve., Scranton 1, Pa.
Herbison-welker Refractories Co., rermers Bank Bldg. Pittsburg
**A. Hollander & Son, Inc., 143 E. Ki ney St., Newark, New Jersey
Island Creek Coal Co., 75 Pederrl St., Boston 10, M025.
**Johns Munville Corp., 22 E. 40th St., NeW'York 16, N. Y.
Lehibh Portland Cement Co., Yo n9 Blug., Lllentown, Pa.
'*%Lone Star Cement Corp., 100 Park Ave., New York 17, New Yolk
Masonite Corp., 111 N. Washington St., Chiczro 2, Illin oiS
b.'tion€l Gyosum Co., 325 Delzwrre rve., Buffalo 2, New York
{orth Lmeric n Fe rectoxies Co., 1012. N t'lB uldg. E. 6th St .,
Cleveland, Ohio
Norton Co., 1 New Bond Street,
Ohio Match Co., 254 Main St.,
Old Ben Coel Corp., 230 Clark
Rag'm“n Concrete Pile Co., 140 Cedcr St.,
There id Co., Wlitehezd Road, Trenton 6, New Jere-e
U. S. Plywood Corr., 55 W. 44th St., New York 18,1New York
Vanadium Corp. of £merico, 4?0 Lexington Pve., NeW'Yorr J7 , N. Y.
S. S. White Dental Mfg. Co., 211 S. 12th St., Philadelfhie, Pa.

Ill.

Worcester, M29:
'Igdsworth, Ohio

St., Chicago 4, Illinois
New York 6, N. Y.

85

2,599

10,250

5, 000
I) nan

41’1ub'...

100

3,00

[1,,C

4,771
3,300
2,678
2 500
3,500
9,818
2,850
8, 577
5:500

3,600

14,000

5,900
2,000
4,700

16,0 00

3,7x0

3,100

‘27

4,,50

2,000
4,,2
2,100
2,224
7, 000
2,500
1,300
7,560
,100

**Hrrd Rubber Co., M rcer St., NCw York 15,

H!1t.LER+jC 96f1n1-4§ Co., :60 u.

**Cor nsolideted Ne *urel Gee Cn., Pockefeller Plaza,

*wg

Wofldy

Tie Chenieel Pro:e:: Tndu Ht 5 5

Abbott Lr.bor*tories, 1/th St., ole “rid n Pd., North Chicsgo
xir Reduction Co., Inc., 60 E. 42nd Ct., New Y ork 17, New York
American Pgriculturel Chemicrl Co., SO Church St., N:w York 7
American Colortgje Co., 9 Erirhton Pd., Clifton, New Jersey.
Ne w Yofl’
Archer-Dani els Miclsnd Co., 6200 Poznoke Eld0., Minnerpol is
Brood St., Philadel hi' 1 P~
onn 111 ied Proolgts, Inc., 30 .cpk'fcller P1?1?,‘Iew York 22,
Eristol My ers Co., 530 Fifth Pve., New York 20, N. Y.
Brown & Pigelow,l KCC Unixer ity Pvenue, St. Pool A, Minnesota
C. Prawn Co., Eerlin, New H: m hire
Celenese Co;p. of xmerice, 18O Midi son rve. New ork 16, N. Y.
r I

Celotei Cor,., 2O S. In S _1le St., hi0 llincie
Champion P f? & Fibre Co., 601 N. "B" St. ,Hcmilton, Ohio
C11165:€21’V:"C CC 9 , 43 ‘V-' 1.1.0 s. u. ’ NC}; YCTk, ’NCNP YCTk

nts Corp., 17 E. 42nd St., New York 17, New York
New York 20,
Consolidated kzter Power & Paper Co., Nis sconsin Ra‘ids, Wis.

*Con tinentel Diamond Fibre Co., 70 3. Chapel St., Newr.rk, Dela. Ere

Comme rciel Solve

**Continentel Oil Co., 10 Rockefeller Plans, New York 20, N. Y.
*NThe Dayton Rubber Co.,

9352 Riverview Ave., Dayton 7, Ohio

Dennison 14 fg. Co., 300 Howard St., Trsminghem, Mass.

Diamond Match Co., 122 E. 42nd St., New Yozk 17, New York

Dixie Cup Co., 24th St., & Dixie Pve., Eeston, Pa.

Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Michigan

Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp., River Rd. & Sheridan Drive, Buffalo,
I. du Pont De Nemours & Co., 1.11mington, Dele were

Ezst Ohio Ge 0Co., 14C5 E. 6th St., Cleveland 14, Ohio

**Esso Stenderd Oil Co., New Jersey

Firestone Industri: 1 Products Co., 1200 Firestone Pkwey, Akron
Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Akron 17, Ohio

Robert Cvir Co., Inc., 155 D. /’th St., New York 17, New York
Generrl Aniline & Film Corp., 2°C Pe rk Pve., New York 17, N. Y.
Gener°1 Box Co., 500 N. Derrborn St., Chicago 10 Ill.

The S. F. Goodrich Co., 500° u. Mrin St., 01110

rTire & Rubber Co., 1144 E. Merket St., ALron 16, Ohio
Greet N01 thern Peoer Co., Millenock et, Me ine

11,1; ”011,

**Cu1f 0:1 Corp., Gulf Bldg., Pittsburgh, 30, Pa.

Hercules Powdez Co., 900 Mzrket St., Wilmington, De evore
Hewitt—Robins, Inc., 370 Lexin ton Ave., New York 17, New ork
Hollingworth & lhitney Co., 60 P-ttervnzicn St., Boston 2, Miss.
Interchemiczl Corp., 61 W. 44th St., New Yolk 18 , New York
Internatione l Minerrls & Chemical Corp., 20 N. HQCkeT Driv e,
Chicago 6, Illinois
Internttionel P°per Co., 220 E. 42nd St., New
*Johnson and Johnson, 501 George St., New Brunswick,
Kelemezoo Vegetable Perchnent Co., Percement, Kalamazoo,
Kelly—Springfield Tire Co., Kelly Blvd., Cumberland,

York 17, New :rk
New Jersey

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Kimberly—Clark Corfi., 128 N. Commercial St., Nennah, Vis.,
Lee Rubber & Tire Corp., Conshohockcn, Pa.

Lever Bros. Co., 505 Park Pve., New York 22, New York

Liquid Carbonic Corp., 3100 S. Kedzie.Ave., Chicago 23, Ill.
*Mansfield Tire & Pnhber Co., 515 Newman St., Mansfield, Ohio
Marathon Corp., Rothschild, Nis.,

Mathieson Chemical Corp., 10 Light St., Baltimore, Maryland
McKesson & Robins, Inc., 155 E. 44th St., New York 17, New York
Merd Corp., 118 W. lst St., Dayton 2, Ohio

Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey
Mid-Continent Petroleum Corp., 328 Equitable Bldg., Baltimore

**Milprint, Inc., 431 N. Florida St., Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co., 900 Fanquier ive., St. Paul 6, Minn.
Minnesota & Ontario Paper Co., 500 Baker Arcade Bldg., Minneapolis

Ohio Bonboard Co., Pittman, Ohio
Ohio Rubber Co., Nilloughby, Ohio
Okonite Co., 220 Paasala St., Passaic, New Jersey

**0wens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., Box 901, Toledo, Ohio
Oxford Paper Co., 230 Park ive., New York 17, N. Y.

Pan American Petroleum Transport Co., 122 E. 42nd St., New York
Parke Davis & Co., Jos. Campau Ave., at The River, Detroit 32,
Pennsylvania Rubber Co., Chambers Ave., Jeannette, Pa.,

‘**Pennsylvania Salt Mfg. Co., 1000 Widener Bldg. Philadelyhia, Pa.

**Ches. Pfizer & Co., Inc., 11 Bartlett St., Brooklyn 6, New York

**Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., Grant Bldg., Pittsburgh 19, Pa.
Pure Oil Co., 35 E. hacker Drive., Chicago, Ill.

**Rayonier, Inc., 122 E. 42nd St., New York 17, NBW'YOTk
Richardson Co., Nyoming & C00per Aves., Cincinnati 15, Ohio
Rohm & Haas Co., 222 N. Washington Square, Philadelphia, Pa.

*St. Regis Paper Co., 230 Park Ave., New York 17, New York
Scott Paper Co., Front & Market Sts. Chester, Pa.
Sealright Co., Inc., 313 S. First St., Fulton, New York
Seiberling Rubber Co., Central Tower E1dg., akron 9, Ohio

**Sharp & Dohme, Inc., 640 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Shell 0ilCo., 50 N. 50th St., New York 20, New York
Sherwin4williams Co., 101 PrOSpect Ave., N. W., Cleveland, Ohio

**Sinclcir Oil Corp., 630 Fifth Ave., New York 20, New York
E. R. Sguibb & Sons, 745 Fifth Ave., New York 22, New York
Standard Oil Co. of Indiana, 910 S. Mich. ave., Chicago 80, Ill.
Sun Chemical Corp., 10th St. & 44th Ave., L. I. City, New York
Sun Oil Co., 1608 halnut St., Philadelphia 3, Pa.

**Sutherland Paper Co., 243 E. Paterson.St., Kalamazoo, Mich.
Thompson Products, Inc., 23555 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio
Union Bag & Paper Corp., 233 Broadway, New York 7, N. Y.

U. S. Gypsum Co., 300 W. edema St., Chicago 8, Illinois

U. S. Rubber Co., 1230 Avenue of Pmericas, New York 20, New York

Upjohn Co., 301 Henrietta St., Krlsmazoo, Michigan

Vick Chemical Co., 122 E. 42nd St., New York 17, New York

Narner—Hudnut, Inc.,113 N. 18th St., New York 11, New York
**Wyandotte Chemicals Corp., 1609 Biddle Ave., Nycndotte, Mich.
**Eaatman Kodak Co.

8,600
3,000
7,000
4,015
2,026
4,163
5,000
8,700
7, 00
5,800
3,318
2,500
8,000

’2 51¢
x19v

2,000
2,100
2,025

24,983
3,85
7,650
8,38
2,200
2,500
2,400

26,257

10,060
4,013
3,000
4,600
3,000
4,161
2,150
2,500
2,850

30,332

12,000

19,500
6,318

46,736
2,650

20,5?
3,100

16,450
5,722

10,000
3,700
3,000
2,500 '
5,20

45,700

Textile and Allied Industries

American Thread Co., 260 N. Broadway, New York 13, New York
American Woolen Co., 225 4th Ave., New York 3, New York
Armstrong Cork 00., Liberty & Chnflotte Ets., Lancaster, Pa.
Bates Mfg. Co., Box 591, Lewiston, Maine

Berkshire Fine Spinning Association, Inc., 1100 Burks Heed Bldg.

Providence, Rhode Island
Bigelow Sanford Carpet Co., Inc., 140 Madison Ave., New York
Sidney Blunenthal & Co., Inc., 1 Park Ave., New York, New York
Botany Mills, Inc., 84 Dayton Ave., Passaic, New Jersey
Cheney Brest, 146 Hartford Rd., Manchester, Conn.
Chioopee Mfg. Corp., 501 George St., New Brunswick, New Jersey
Crompton & Knowles Loom Nks. 93 Grand St., Worcester, Mass.
Dwight Mfg. Co., 89 Franklin St., Boston 10, Mass.
*%Forstmann Noolen Co., 2 Barbour ave., Passaic, New Jersey
1HGoodall—Sanford, Inc., 2 flight St., Sanford, Maine
The Hathaway Mfg. Co., 97 Cove St., New Bedford, Mass.

Industrial Rayon Corp., 660 Union Commerce Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio
A. D. Juilliard & Co., Inc., 40 W. 40th St., New York 18, New York

The Kendall Co., 140 Federal St., Boston 10, Mass.
James Lee & Sons Co., E. 4th St., Bridgeport, Pa.
*sLinen Thread Co., 418 Grant St., Patterson, New Jersey

M. Lowenstein & Sons, Inc., 37 Leonard St., New York 13, New York

Ludlow Mfg. Sales Co., 211 Congress St., Boston 5, Mass.

Mdshawaka Rubber & Woolen Mfg. Co., 312 N. Hill St., Mishawaka,Ind.

**Mohawk Carpet Mills, Inc., 57 Lyon St., Amsterdam, New York
*Vernon Noodberry Mills, Inc., 201 E. Baltimore St., Baltimore
National Automotive Fibres, Inc., 19925 Hoover Ave., Detroit 5
Naunkeag Steam Cotton Co., 47 Congress St., Salem, Mass.

**New Jersey Worsted Mills, 174 Passaic St., Garfield, New Jersey
North American Rayon Corp., 26 Fifth Ave., New York 16, New York

Reeves Bros., Inc., 54 North St., New York 13, New York
**Riegel Textile Corp., 342 Madison Ave., New York 17, New York
Simmons Co., 230 Park Ave., New York 17, New York

88

20,500
13,544

7,300

8,463
7,500
3,000
5,200
2,100
3,500
2,866
2,459
4,630
5,000
2,300
4,900
2,536
7,500
4,700
3,000
8,500
2,000
5,000
6,200
4,250
2,500
2,000
2,300
3,500
7,000
8,005

14,000

Alexander Smith & Sons Carpet Co., 255 Lake Ave., Yonkers, New York 6,000

J. P. Stevens Co., Inc., 350 Fifth five., New York 10, New York
Textron, Inc., 20 Market Square, Providence, Rhode Island
Utica Knitting Co., 101 Mathews Ave., Utice, New York

Utioa & Mohawk Cotton.Mills., 801 State St., Utica, New York
Verney Corp., Vernet St., Manchester, New Hampshire

24,190

4,490
2,300
2,000
2,000

The Asperel Industries

 

Aldens, Inc., 511 S. Paulina St., Chicago 7, Illinois
Brown Shoe Co., Inc., 1600 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
Cluett, Peabody & Co., Inc., 433 River St., Troy, New York
J. & P. Coats, Inc., 366 Pine St., Pauteucket, Rhode Island
Endicott Johnson Corp., Page Ave., Endicott, New York
**F10rsheim Shoe Co., 130 S. Canal St., Chicago 6, Illinois
**Hart Shaffner & Marx, 36 S. Franklin St., Chicago 6, Illinois
Hat Corp. of America, 417 Fifth Ave., New York 16, New York
Ricky-Freeman Co., 1155 Clinton Ave., N. Rochester, New York
F. Jacobson & Sons, Inc., 1115 Broadway, New York 10, New York
Joseph & Feiss Co., 2149 W. 53rd St., Cleveland, Ohio
**A. C. Lawrence Leather Co., 10 Sawyer St., Peabody, Mass.
**Manhattan Shirt Co., 444 Madison Ave., New York 22, New York
J. F. McElwin Co., 103 Temple St., Nashua, New Hampshire
Melville Shoe Corp., 25 W. 43rd St., New York 18, New York
**I. Miller & Sons, Inc., 43-10 23 St., Long Island City, New York
Mojud Hosiery Co., Inc., 385 Fifth Ave., New York 16, New York
Munsingwear, Inc., 718 Glenwood Ave., Minneapolis 5, Minn.
Phillips-Jones Corp., 1225 Broadway, New York 1, New York
Phoenix Hosiery Co., 320 E. Buffalo St., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Public Shirt Corp., 15 Leonard St., New York 13, New York
Real-Silk Hosiery.Mills, Inc., 611 N. ark Ave., Indianapolis
Reliance Mfg. Co., 212 W. Monroe St., Chicago 6, Illinois
Shoe Corp. of America, 35 N. 4th St., Columbus 5, Ohio
John B. Stetson Co., 5th St. & Montgomery Ave., Philadelphia
U.S. Shoe Corp., 1658 Herald Ave., Cincinnati 7, Ohio
- Neyenberg Shoe Mfg. Co., 234 E. Reservoir Ave., Milwaukee, Wis.

89

3,500

13,500
10,000

2,200

18,000

3,174
5,000
2,100
2,025
2,000
2,505
2,900
4,000

,500
6,687
4,000
2,400
2,581
3,500
2,300
4,073
2,470
6,000
3,500
2,550
3,000
2,300

The Food,_Li (nor, :nd Tobacco In: lustries

Abbotts Dairies, Inc., 3043 Chestnlt St., Phile dd his, It.
fimericnn Tobacco Co., 111 Fifth fi.ve., New York 3, New York
Armour & Company, Chicago, Illinois

Beatrice Foods Co., 120 S. LeSalle St., Chicago 3,

Beechnut Packing Co., Cenejohoree, New York

The Best Foods, Inc., 1 E. 43rd St., New York 17, New York

Borden Co., 350 Madison Ave., New York 17, New York

Campbell Soup Co., 100 Market St., Camden 1, New Jersey
**Clinton Foods, Inc., 445 Park Ave., New York 2, New York

The Coca Cola Co., 515 Madison Ave., New York 22, New York

Consolidsted Grocers Corp., 135 S. LeSelle St., Chicago 3, Ill.

*Consolideted Cigar Corp., 444 Madison Ave., New York 22, New York

Continental Bsking Co., 630 Fifth Ave., New York 20, New York

Corn Products Re ining Co., 17 Better Pl., New York 4, New York

Curtiss Candy Co., 1101 Belmont Ave., Chicago 13, Illinois
**Fanny Farmer Candy Shops, Inc., 7 Griffith St., Rochezster, N. Y.
**Generel Baking Co., 420 Lexington Ave., New York 17, New York

General Cigar Co., Inc., 119 W. 40th St., New York 18, New York

General Goods Corp., 250 Park Ave., New York 17, New York

General Ice Cream Corp., 101 Nzt'l Terrace, Schenectady, N. Y.

Gerber Products Co., State St., Fremont, Michigan
*%H0thawsy Bakeries, Inc., 44 Life St. '

H. J. Heinz Co., 1062 Progress St., Pitts church 12, Pa.

Hershey Chocolate Corp., 19 E. Chocolate £ve., Hershey, Pa.

George A. Hormel Co., Austin, Minnesota

*Hygrsde Food Products Corp., 2811 Michigan Eve., Detroit 16

Jewel Tea Co., Inc., Jewel Park, Barrington, Ill.

Kellogg Co., 235 Porter St., Battle Creek, Michigzn

Liebmann Breweries, Inc., 36 Forest St., Brooklyn 6, New York

Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co., 630 Fifth Ave., New York 20, N. Y.

Eli Lilly & Co., 740 S. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Indiana

Loft Candy Corp., 251 W. 42nd St., New York 13, New York

P. Lorillrrd Co., 119 W. 40th St., New York 18, New York

Oscar M: yer & Co., 1241 Sedgwick St., Chicago 10, Illinois

Nash—Finch Co., 1750 Hennepin AVe., Minneapolis ,, Minn.

National Biscuit Co., 449 E. 14th St., New York 14, New York
**N1tionnl Dei y Products Corp., 230 Park Ave., New York 17, N. Y.
**Notionel Distillers Products Corp., 120 Br01d“ y, New Yo1k 5

Philip Morris & Co., LTD., Inc., 100 Perk Ive., New Yolk 21

Pillsbury Mills, Inc., 600 Pillsbury Bldg., Minneapolis 14, Minn.

Qunker Oats Co., Merchandise Mrrt Plaze, Chicago 54, Ill.

Schenley Industries, Inc., 350 Fifth five., New York 1, New York
**Stendnrd Brands, Inc., 595 Me lison ’ve., New York? 22, New Yo1k

Stokely-Vsn Camp, Inc., 941 N. M-xiiicn St., Inolln";oii:, Iniinn

Sunshine Biscuits, Inc.,

Swift & Co., Union Stock Ycrds, Chicago, Illinois

Wilson & Co., Inc., 4103 S. ishlcnd Ave., Chicago 9,
**Genersl Mills 00.

Illinois

Ill.

29—10 Thomson 1ve., Long Island City,N.Y.

90

8,525
4,103
2,500
28,000
4,355
3,000
2,000
5,500
5,000
12,442
6,000
4,400
2,446
11,170
6,279
16,662
3, 000
2,300
2, 800
10,000
3,500
6,970
6,8
6,225
5,000
2,000
10,000
5,964
2,000
8,500
6,000

2,200

28,000
43,615
7,500
2,500
5,400
6,000
12,570
8,400
5,300
9,600
3,000
30,000
12,000

Electricsl Industries

 

91

Admiral CorpoI tion, 3800 Cortland St., Chic go 47, Illinois 3,000
fi.erovox Corp.,'7 .43 Bel eville lve., Now Be dford, Less. 2,500
Apex Electrical Mfg. Co., 1070 E. 152 nd St., Clevels and 10, Ohio 3,000
Arrow-H rt & Hegman Electric Co., 10 3 sttiorne St., Hartford, Conn 2,200
Allen B. Dumont sts., Inc., 750 Bloomfield £ve., Clifton, N. J. 4,000
Thomrs 4. Edison, Inc., 51 Lakeside Ave., Nest Orange, New Jersey 3,500
Electric Auto-Lite Co., Crcr211in & Ch9stnut Sts., Toledo, Ohio 20,200
Electric Boat Co., 445 P2 rk Av e., New Yoxk 22, Ne w York 6,000
Electric Storage? -ettery Co., 1W11gheny ;;Ve., & 19th St.

Phile delphic, Pc.. 6,950
Electro Motive Mfg . Co., Inc., S. P: rk St., laillimn ntic, Conn. 2,100
Electrolux Coro., 500 Fifth 1ve., New York 18, New York 3,600

**Elliot Co., N. 4th St., Jeannette, Pa. 2,900
Emerson Radio & Phon ogr3p1h Corp., 111 8th Pve., New York 11, N. Y. 2,500
Federal Telcohone & Redio Corp., 100 Kings lend Rd., Clifton, N. J. 3,476

**General Electric, Schenectady, New York 96,800
Globe—Union Inc., 900 E. Keefe Ave., Milwaukee 1, Nisconsin 3,500
Grsybar Electric Co., Inc., 420 Lexington Ave., New York 17 4,100
Harnis chfe4er Corp., 440 N. Net'l Ive., Milwaukee 14, Wisconsin 3,000
Hoover Co., 101 E. ,->le St., Nortn Ccnton, Ohio 2, 530

*%Hytron Radio & Electronics Corp., 76 Left yette St., Salem, Mass. 3,000
I. T. E. Circuit Brecker Co., 445 N. 19th St., Philsdelphit, Po. 2,400
Lenders, Frsry & Clerk, 47 Center St., New Britain, Conn. 3,70
Msgnovox Co., 2131 Buster Rd., Fort Wayne 4, Indiana 2,225
Motorola, Inc., 4545 Augusta Blvd., Chicsgo 51, Illinois 4,500
Nome Electric Corp., 55 N. 13th St., New York 11, New York 3,000

*yPhilco Corp., Tic? & C. Sts., Philadelohis, Ps.. 17,000

*szdio Corp. of 41 erice , 30 Rockefeller Pls z: , New York 2 , N. Y. 27, 791
Reytheon Mfg. Co., 55 Ch: pel St., New ton 5'3, M:.ss. 10,300
Sprague Electric Co., 189 Beaver St., North Edens, Moss. 4,000
Stromberg«Carlson Co., 100 Carlson Rd., Rochester 3, New York 2,500

**Sunbesm Corp., 5600 N. Roosevelt Rd., Chicago 50, Ill. 4,000
Sylvanis Electric Products, Inc., 1740 Brocdway, New York 19 14,000
Western Electric Co., Inc., Broadway, New York 7, New York 67,500
lestinghouse Electric Corp., 306 4th Ive., Pittsburgh, Pa. 88,35
Zenith Radio Corp., 6001 Dickens Ive., Chicago 39, Illinois 6,500

*Corporstions contacted

**Responding Corporations

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