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9673?! 12:3th 0? if”? ALI-Hat Ski-13%}? 0.? @5331?“ 123

3'1’3W3YL’5T1 “W 533331313 If? $335M?» 2? L512? “3‘3

3!
Robe!" L. Mann

A ‘E‘EIZS‘IS

mainland to 311‘ school of 0mm“ Studio: of Michigan
3:». Gonna. of sweat». and Applied 3910390
in partial 3&1“an of the requirement.
for the W of

!£&‘3?3;'3i (3? 5813333
Doparmnt of cmmutry

1953

«1 3213331??? 3:321???

m. authar with" to Oxpnu hi. ”no". ”gradation ta Er.
Richard U. arm for his mun“. counsel. and with“. «ring
the nonfiction of fit“ Wong, and to thc ”her mum of u).
mawhtrx Bowl-taunt for their hateful advice from time to that; and
also Opacial grntl‘udo"o Lovill J. Saucy for hi. aafilotnnon in grou-
lm; than plant. and in 9:1: Innulgmflon and for his mum maize:-
‘ionc.

ritually, sh: author wish" to man}: the Mann: Energy Gemini»:

for providing a tollnnhip and!" which this work In: dons.

1 7 .1- : 3.1 -‘ ._¢ug-§§.o!phgs
?&.§A~I¢ ‘1’}? c3 ‘34 ;1a‘_-. L,

I'VE-'33L'C’A‘Ififi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V'TZ‘KW‘L o..............
Grorthofuanu..... . . ... .
”mum of glycine by the slants . . .
Axiamhtmuon of kdioflacuvo Glycine
Imitation and furiflmtion of Bimtino
Emmflntion ............
30ml" ...............

1311;31:3wxm?IOIOIOOIOIOOOOD.

9H!
JIJY'ARYOQ'OOOIO¢OIOIIOOOQO

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”33' ““P 31,753

. L U I I O C I C I O O O O O 0 I . ’

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T8313
0' a‘LI-i
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a £3 I'vt‘ 3} i: :1:*3\I- ~‘h-4L' ‘21in 1“:r . . . . . . . . Q . 6

"‘1 T‘WH "T“
LO" «JUL-‘5'

- .4. ‘1 .il' ‘ "‘ : ~ e C \ v'
1! Luigi-’17? s43}! qnuICJlb {1‘0 I inf IA Ti :5 :3; L1,- ”A ff; :5
3x 3?? {ATIQH o a o 12

t???” ALE‘HA 0:13:97??? .- 1h 02‘" -=’}!.‘f’31?"1€-A'3*~T?I

ton-I

13571033131101!

I *‘m‘ "US‘E‘I 2T3

In 193150 it mu accountant! by sin 71.5th and hi. adamant:
t 1) that trummylauau. m- intemlma’r transfer of methyl groups,
ms a motion In in. metabolic: of Animals. In 195: Emu and 370m
(2) partomd "madman which amen-d um tmmwuuoa might
also now in highs! slants. m» "mun showed that. thc nanny]. can-
ton of chemical!» could cm: a: a prams-nor for the mum £91er3 of
about" in tobacco plants and It in. postulated Inn. 0 “mt Hunt”
of u m‘hyl group had new. Ia addition u was amnnmtod Iv
not“!!! (3) am the «that carbon at mthlunim could A!» «no u n
gunner for the «they! carbon of up“ in burl-y. In a ”£me
to sum thu (piano: of whom” tbs new: “any of acthxonlno ma
"mains-n6 din-nu: at no 0:11:11sz am! mbnqumuy 1'on. Exam
and can: 0‘6) £04 mthlontnc doubly 135.106 nub doutoflzm mad urban
a!“ in tin MW! group to ban-10:, and round flu m dmuflm to GA!-
ion -13: mflo In tho m‘hoxyl mum of the halMod 115mm M mu 1:
the doubly label“ snowman“ {kn-m9; that man ”find additional cost-
pmnds nu sham ta manna“. to the mathyl group: 0: 11min. Form!-
(2) (3) was found £0 tom the methyl carbon of Mann” and ”thank
when of 1153:“, alfimugh flan rate of mannersan of tom" m0 only
thou! on. tenth mm a! na‘hiontm ”v.31“ 171m; (5) my anaconda). in
dmmtnflng the In of choline labeled IN: carbon .1“ in film methyl
may: M a punt»: of tho nothyl carbon of alanine. Emu", Kirb-
md and no-mrkon (63 (7) have mind in mum.“ to us emu“ tor

the auhyl. carbon of the 131303101213. bar-denim nf bra-19:7, and rich-31m

3
of cute: been. although methionine me dmnctmted to result in the
labeling of the lethfl carbon of both alkaloids.

A number of different compounds have been than to be nethyl carbon
premature in animals, the" are the alpha eerbon of glycine (6). the
methyl carbon of choline (9). the nethyl carbon of methionine (10),
sodium temte (ll), Euarbon of the imidnwle ring cf hietidine {12).
the beta when of urine (8). the methyl carbon of glycine beteine (13).
and the methyl carbon of acetone (1“). The emu and beta carbon etou
of urine have been chain by Siekevite and (lumber; (15) to originate
from the alpha carbon of glycine, in that glycine ie oxidatively deemin.
eted to glyoxylic acid which wee hither oxidised to {ornate cad carbon
dioxide. The carbon dioxide which came ml the carboxyl group we not
reduced to (ornate. The" findings were recently confirmed by Rainbow (16),
I115 had autumn: than the fomtion o: formte tron the alpha. carbon
of glycine.“glyoolic acid, and glyoxylic acid.

With all thin interest in the Alpha carbon of. glycine u a methyl
precursor centered on mine), tieeue. the possibility of it acting as a
methyl carbon prewar in higher plant- eeeued very logical. The "mix
undertaken here can an attempt to demuetrete the nee of the alpha cen-
bon of glycine u e precursor for the methyl carbon of nicotine in
tobacco plants. using carbon-l“ as c truer. The reeulte of the exper-
iuentel work definitely chow that the alpha urban of glycine can for!
the methyl carbon of nicotine, at about the same rate at mthionine and

choline. end about ten time at test as fomte.

37.13:} “’f‘ii I if 13‘? AL

'51 '1'“ ...e9z-~ew .. .
r... ”be -'.n"L.L-" ch .1 fil‘

‘5'!» tobacco mutate used in than exurimmte eere of A high nico-
tine etreio. ’1: iggtiem mm 3... var. humilie. i'he needle are planted
ic tlote containing VIII-Ilaic‘mlite,,1 end were ”alienated utter . period
of ten or three eeeke into flute. ellowiug about two inches: between
each slant. ‘i'he plate were entered each day ms were fed an. comaeroinl
inorganic nutrient eolution t'ice e not. The period of growth in the
greenhouee Varied with eeoeoml condition. but two to three months were
umllx required to obtain the deeired plant heinfixt of about eix inch”.
Budding and flowerindn'e noted in mm one” during the exporinentnl .
growth period. but for the met part unobeeot. '

To prepare the zlente for Mdropooio ndoiuietntion of the glycine
the: one first removed fro: the {late and the vermiculite we removed
from the root: ee mletely no weaible. ”may more then embed care--
fully to free them of the most of the retaining extraneoue material and
to ovoid came to the note. file note eere then cooked in e 0.01
peroeot Eyondotte detergent semicide for on hour. reacted iron the
detergent. and walked well with Matinee—'1 Inter. After the timing,
each plant one imereed in 50 ml. of an inorganic: nutrient solution in
e. 1?.‘5 Isl. Erlenmeyer fleet. The nutrient enlutioo me pug-reared by dilut-

ing the etook nutrient solution 133. 'E'he coragoeitioo of the etook

 

1 A Eugenia]. wbrand of heat exyxmkcl mien.

eolutiou ie ehovn in Table 3. All the weighte are or the wanton-one
eolte. and only OJ". grade ohenioole were and. A description will be

given inter of on: other motoriole added to the nutrient oolution.

mom I

GOXEWSHIOZ! 03‘ 1‘33 MRI??? 8133131192.

    

94......” .... Au- ”a. e... --hW-.uu.e -opem-*e.-*- -e o».- 4-~wefl--‘OI-.‘-De per—.M.

  

a»..- uM-u ero- On In— -..~A a ----\.m-.¢Oe*¢e-dofimno—‘nmx.up -y~u~..—.-..--rfi—~h---re-

 

'53th 1.090 ml. immeeim militate 15.3951; 250 mg.
Colelm nitrate Goff—”5%); 1 g .. . Ammonium Inli‘ote (Emu) 2119,. 250 mg.
’i‘otoeoiun chloride rm 2‘50 3.1;. totoeeim dihydrogea

gho abate wagon 950 mg.
ferric chloride Fem} 2 at}.

W.— _.

WV w—T___ Vw—v— ' v—w“ v-v—V “WW w v w wv—v ~w WTT wrw Wfir ww‘w

All the experiment. were carried out in a emiol fume hood to avoid
any health hazard that night arise tron the use of radioactive tutorial.
irtificiol lighting one need in all the experimental work. 'i’he
eouroe of light mneieted of too 36 inch. 30 eatt fluorescent tubee and
e 1.00 mtt inmodeecent Nib. These lights were placed about it imhee
«bore the top of the Flute, and were found to give e light intonoity
in the some or 200 .. 950 foot candlu at the top of the learee. The
lights were loft on for twelve boure each do: and nutrient solution roe
oddod to the flute the: needed. nugget: was bubbled through the eolution
teice e do: for tlo minutes. oooe than the light: were turned on end
cnoe then the lighte were turned off.

It teamed advieoble to run all the giants in the more manor to
that the metabolic rotee end thus the rate of eyntheoie ot‘ nicotine

would be relatirolr constant.

(rpm. 2; any” 1:; 534 mm.

Before metabolic etodiee with glycine could be undertaken it one
eeoeeenry to eeoerteio the ebeotptioe vote of glycine hr the loote. end
to deteruioe whether or not melee eoe doetmyed by maroon-milieu.

Since glyoine one the only materiel mount in the original enla-
tion that avoid mat with einlwdrio. the ninhvdrio method of Hard: end
wooLeee (l?) Int-need.£or ite enslyeie. e etondeed curve one node by
melon 9 ml. of urine etanonrd glycine eolutiooe. 0.} ll. of pyridine.
end 1 ea. of 1 percent eiehydrin eolutieo. theee eolotiooe lore ripetted
into large gyro: totes greanoted et 50 Il.. placed in e boiling eater
bath for fifteee.nenutee. thee oooled in oold enter'end diluted to 50 ml.
eith dietilled eater. 7h. color inteoeity me muted eith e. fiellige
electric mloriutn oe «imputed eith a bleak payout under the tone
oonditioue at above with the exceptioe.thot dietilled eater eat need in
place of the glyoioe eolution. Optical dentity eoe plotted againet emu-
controtion end e etreigbt line curve eat obtained. eith e elight devio-
tioe et velvet leee than 0.05 as. per 5 ll. of glycine etondnrd.

Your ploute eere prepared ee deecrited previouely. using 50 on. of
nutrient eoiution, 2 ll. of glycine etzmdoro (l medal.) and 3 «ix-ope of
0.1 percent Gynndotte detergent gemioide in each 125 all. iii-leaner!
(leek. Root from“ were placed in four other tloeite prepared in the
me meme. and {our control fluke containing :mt the three eolotiene
eere prepared. The l? fleeke eere pleoed in the'hood for forty-eight

hotu'e with lighte end oxygen controlled ee treviouely stated.

B

it the end of the forty-eight hours the i‘loeke eare token Iron the
hood. end the minute were carefully mooted from the fluke. A fine
etreolo of dietilled enter from e not: bottle one need to olenoee the
mote of the plente, the eeehime being added to the rel-pectin fluke.
The conteott of all the neon were filtered through them meter “2
. paper and eere diluted to 50 tel. five n1. eliquote eere token from
each fleet and run tr the preeiomly outlined niohydrin method. It In!
found that in ell {lathe the glycine content me very low. 'flzie eoe
interpreted oe imliooting deotmotion by mime-mime. Results 31:...
ilor to theee eere obtained by fixing ('3) when olmline eoe fed; [-0 it
me am... to tolloe hie prooednre in the use of emote to control
the notion of oioroorgnnieae.

{the l? fleoke eere net up an before with the exception that in
place of the detergent. 0.5 Ill. 0! 181000 eolution of eureosvoin we
need. it the end of forty-eight mute. the eontente of too {latte of
each eet eere filtered. enoh diluted to 50 Ill. end eoelyeed ueiog the
ninhydrin lethod. in uptake at '32 percent of the original glyoine me
indicated in that period by the growing plentee '

After at {our day period. the mining fluke were treated in the
prwiooel: deeoritod met and it one indicated that so eboorption of
70 percent of the glycine had occurred. No deoreaee in the origloel
emunt of glycine eue indicated in the auntie of the nuke contain-
ing root happen". or the control fluke, indicating that deetruotioe
by hooterie eat eliminated. turmoil: in the emu oonoentmtioo at

above one need in all «Moment «gel-intents.

9
The apparent eloe absorption rate of glycine iron; ted the use of
a longer growing period of ten days for the giants. Brown (2) one! fling
(‘51? in :‘revious work in this lot-oratory used at swan day administration
x-oriod; so one group of giants we also grown for emu drum for ama-

mrieon of nicotine synthesis during the two different growing periods.

Moinietrstion 9__ ”radioactive Gigcine

 

The molar quantity 1nd radioactivity of glycine Mainetered to each
x-isnt woe Mutilated to be equal to the mentionine and iormte proriouely
fed in nethylntion etudiee. (Zine minim: or the glycine. containing
105 count- por minute. eon given to each plent.‘

"he pinnte me yrepnred for hycroyonio administration as outlined
previously. two groups of plants were men for ten days. and the third

group we grown for e week.

WMWQWM

After the growing period the “ante were remved from the fluke.
and the roote were embed with dietilled enter. the excuse blotted of!
with 1: cheese cloth. The giants were subsequently out up into mil
pieces end dried under infrared. lamps as rogidl: ne soetible. Ybe tele-
r-erntnre was kept at 80° 0. for an. hour near the end of the drying ger-
iod.

IElie dried materiel woe linel: ground in a mortar. mixed with 20
percent of ite eeifiat or mleim hydroxide. and glued into e unison

(look. The mteriol momma distilled until the dietillote gave no
* Obtained from Trecdeb Inc., Boston, Massachusetts.

 

10
prniptmh um: nlliooiuagulo mid. indicating: am! an alkaloids
nu no long» caning an: n th- «mung. an autumn. um col.
looted in 5 an. of 61¢ hydrochloric acid. and was cone-amt“ in mono.
m mum imtropto auumuono (mm “mm «am an. on.
flod out ‘0 putty an alkaloid as described '07 mm (125'). «oh “no
tho «muss. hing consent! in I can mount of an». maroon or“
acid. Yb: unsung can oommtnhd u damn man "duo“ pram.
and moon» hydrochlortdo annulus“ out. man an an $10de
in ”Chanel plus a man wt of inter. and a» mammal nommuo
«nation of pier“ no,“ In added in um". an: “ending a aha”
“no, than manna. upturn» thigh ”mat“. no ruum off. '
nth-d wuh mflmml. mu manta-{nut} from but In”.

. 'fla Moon» diglanto was mad flux: in 4: mm. plated on
um slim-1m mm and «mm. has. pnpmum Ion mud on
91- top cm: at flu counter ”306W. 'E'ho mu pot ninth my um.
m1. at Inna“. thl'aknnl (we append“ I) an show in mu 1!. Th.
column label“: “not!” upimu 0330'! a dorm n mdlnuflflty In the
album :01qu

W

It n: £0.11:th in «Main-h whether or not the taxman» of
tho Alpha carbon of and» m localized in ‘11. annual carbon 0! nico-
ttno. Tho de1l§10l of “... “mum in. mentor. Mom Th0
"ocular. follow In! annually that of final (19) u mdflhd by
SIMWO f9) and Bron (2}. “m. aggpnntun and mi 910 mdlx’imtton

11
of Brown‘s. Using an. 39:0me the Mimi}. gratis: in isolawd an meihyi.
triafiwlmnim iodide. u whim main-lune magnum: mmm. for
mummy}.

81m tho nicotine diyicmto mu found so he quit. inmiuh‘u and
unmituhlo for dmfiwlnuon. the niootim In! remand by dissolving
it in ”diam hydroxido ma “dinning, tho Mantis: by alootropio amu-
lation thmrh n with“: 001%. Thu (ultimate m0 emnmtraud in
am." in mm. the in: tart done in the flask from the amthylnuoa
”puma... -

‘fna amnion that mumbling sh. nioaiine hydmahlortdo wan Hindi“!
to the remaining ammylatién ”manta. and the following urn added
on $11. but: of 90 a5; a! amount. 365 mg. of mama iofiido. no drag.
of 5 yam: mid dual-ids, and 3 :1. of hydriodic mid. The gnu mish-
Iug appnmtnn caniainad 0.75 ml. of 5 range. can“: mitah, and 0.75
ml. of 5 Fermi sodium vitamin" in farm. 10:31:. and hiding“ iodido.
The main!- caniainqd a 5 pamt «humus «mum of "unwind”.
cooled in a Carbon dioxide-mm” annual" bath. A “rm 9! nitrogen
ma hubbiod through ihn ”action iniu constantly.

Th0 flank mo imhddad in a cop-per nxido bath and. ma haunt! in
200° C. in 33—25 calm“... ‘x‘ha commitmturo ma than “0'1: mind to
3‘30 a 360' 0. and hold than for }45 minutes. Than “m of nitrogen
mu continua! until tho augment hati cooled. Tho «livery who was
Hand with “ham! into tho "can", chic): mu thus “append. simian,
ma allow“! Minna our night I“ ma twwmmro. Afar that most

triotlw].
of fin ”banal and own/min. ma “spams“ an: an infrarmj lamp.

12

The loot of the otlmuol end triethyi mine eore omporetod in n nom-
dooeicotor. The methyltriothylmnifi iodide renovated me e ohite
cryetonino compound.

The quotemry mnponnd one dieeoleed in e emu mount of ethanol
and one plotod on ten-ed aluminum counting plotee. he exoeoe ethanol
one evaporated over on infrared imp. end than the pintee wore nighed
to ecquiro the night of the plotod command; Theeo plotee were counted
m mentioned previonoiy. and tho roeulte reported no connte pot minute

par utilioole in mu. 1!.

'MBLB I I

momma or ammcrzvm 1:; «mg manna-'75: HQLECULE mom awn
ammo . it or GLYGIIIE Anxmxsmanon

   

imximn Specific Activity

 

(lo-cot): (connte per minute per millimle)
Trial Period Rn. of Kotmzltriethyl.
Ho. Due name fiicotianpici-ote moguls Iodide
1 io 30 1.35 x 10“ 1.02 x to“
2 m 29 9.02 x 103 6.75 x 103
3 7' 30 5.5:» x 103 5.50 e m3

 

WV, _. V V V wvv ‘7 W

i'heoo remite ehoe that the alpha carbon of glycine ie incorporetod
into the methyl carton of nicotine. it io indicated that met of‘the
radioactivity of the nicotine otter («ding glycine labeled eith cotton
oils in the alpha cotton one 113th in the methyl group. Since 100 per-
cent recovery of connte from the methyl cotton one not obtainod in on
threo me it Gould appear that emu of tho glycino not neod in nicotine

91M m‘hUI‘ .e

3313312313 11??!

These investigation of mthylotion in tobacco plants oboe that
the elphn cotton of glycine can eom oe n freoureor or the methyl cor-
box: of nicotine Lg 11.2: motha'lntion of the nicotine from the plonte
groom for too We united in 75 porcant recent: of the radioactivity,
chemo dmothylotion or the nicotine from the emu «my growth poricd
gave almost 100 porcmt reactor: of the radioactivity from the nicotine
methyl mum. Thin difference in recovery of radioactivity my not he
eignificent, but it my be pleneiblo that the elm carbon of glycine
could he need in the ring eynthoeio of ncrnicotihe or other precursors.
Since the glycine one ebeorted mre elceiy than methionine and formic,
the longer mum period of too We enmd to to the boot tron the
otondpoint of A better comim-ieon of tho rate of inauguration of the
ooogmmde in nicotine eyntheoie.

since the min: quantitioe and mute of the glycine. teethionino.
nnd {ornate ministered to the glut! were equal. a companion can be
code at the rotoo of incorporation into nicotine methyl troupe. The
elm cotton of glycine one incorporated at e rote elightl: greater than
the hitghoot rote for methionine (P). and 2 or 3 timeo the loeeet value
obtained for the aethionine. emporieon with the tormte it even more
oignii’iccnt in tint the alphe carbon of glycine ie incorporated at e cute
in to 20 time that found for fomte. 'rhe alpha carbon of glycine soot
into nicotine et «A note nightly greater than that ohtoiood for choline (S).

on... eomlto eith planto differ manly eith those "cults obtained
from nthyleticn etudiee in Minnie. flothionine hue been ehoen to be e

15
much i‘netor nothylnting egent than the elm-he carbon of glycine. the
value nagging iron it time in the eyntheeie of creetine (233 to 16
tinee in the eyntheeio of choline. tor-ate one incorporated at about
tho m rote no one the elyhe carbon of glycine.

Vhere app»: to be eevml weeibilitiee for the nonunio- of meth-
ylction hy the elphn carbon of glycine in plentet l) the glycine io
oxidieod to {ornate onion to then reduced to {ornithoroothyl group or
2) the glycine ierhzdrnlyticnlly donninotod to glycolic cold or oxida-
tieoly'douninotod to giyoxylic acid end to reduced to n methyl group
without going to {ornate or 3) the nitrogen of glycine ie incorporated
into the nicotine ring and the nigh» carbon moo along to tone the methyl
group. The rothet tepid rote of incorporation no compared.tc that.cf
{ornate eeooe to rule out the firet protocol. Talbert and.Bnrrie (28)
recently found on eneyno in green loneee that eill oxidiee glycolic
acid to glyoxylic acid. Hanover. thie enzyme one not found in the
route, and it one ehoen by finencn (20) that nicotine eynthoeie tnkoo
place in the rooto. 0n the othor'hond, it hoe been ehoun hy Jomee (21)
that nicotine can he eyntheeieed in the leavee if the euitohle precursor
to available. Glycine hoe also been ehoon to roam the h-onrhon. 5-celb
hon. and Z.nitrogon of purinoe (25), and the clyhc carbon and nitrogen
torn port or the pyrrole tinge in the ;orphyrin eyntheeie (2%). on...
etndiee give little indication of eiich of the above propooole (2 or 3)
night be correct.

?rnnemothylotion etndioo (?E) in eninnle indicate that glycine ie

oxidieod to tor-mote end ngon reduction form the beta cotton of eerino.

16

Vitamin 8x2 eeene to be essential. in the transformation tron glycine
to eerine, and folio acid ie required for the anthyintion emotion.

romi protocol. of n mechanics by ehioh-flycine renote in methyl.
etion met omit etudiee coin; glycine cocci: inhaled with carbon .- in
and cont-rin- in the alpha poeition, and urine inhaled eith carbon «-
11‘ in the beta carbon. It could the ee of intoreet to necortnin whethnl'
the alpha carbon of glycine tome tho nothoxyi carbon of niacin in
tobacco.

gilt-MA?!

1.

2.

$33535 MI?

Glycino infoeied with carbon .- it in the nigh» carbon one nannie-
tmd to e 89.32: nicotine etnin of tobacco. W: igotim m L.
var. humiiie. The nicotine imintod from the tobacco pinnte one
found to poeeecc radioactivity. nemathylntion exporimte ehoeed
that practically all thin activity not iomtod in tho mthxi carbon.

3 cocoon-hon of the mtee of incommtion into nicotine o! the
alpine moon ct glycine. methionine. fox-note and choline. indicatoe
that the eipim mrhon of glycine ie incorporated et about the em
rote ee mthionine and choline, and about 10 time {cuter than

to m“.

y: t 119 tnffi
w W-

‘03-.“ ‘UM

m
(2}

(33

(It)
(5)

(63
(7)
(a)

(9)

(10)
(11)

(17)

(is)

it 25’ 3136130 533
on “mecca. V" Granola, J. in. Oahu, 34., and Brown, R}. 8..
.7. Biol. an... [33, 78? (WHO). ’
Brown. 8. 1., and Byerm, R. 13.. J. Ann. (Sham. 396.. 13. 1323 (195?).
Fiokctre. .7. m, 'iooeibie Origin of the liethoztyl Carbon of
Lignin Forced by m Mm”. mo. foeeie. Michigan Stete
annexe. 1952.
Morton. Ii. 13.. end never, 2.. 3.. Fodercticn Prom. 13, XBE (1963).
fling, R. 3.. “The Pnrticipotion of Choline in Tmemethyintion
wooctione in W M“. £3.93. fheeie. {Michigan itete College
1952.
Kirk-cod. 3.. and London, 1... Con. J.- Qien" £1, 30 (1951).
”irk'OOd. 3.. 8"“! 31115063, He. J. 31010 Giue. m 301 (1962).

51m; 2).. and sumac. o. 3.. J. An. Chem. scan. 13.- 3315. 3317.
(wood .

35133331153. 5.. 3011“. 21.. Chmdler. Jo 3e. nnd $1 VhUlmd. Ye.
J. 3101- Chm. 32’ 519 (19345;).

Contoni. o. I... J. Biol. Chem. 1&3. 233 (1951).

an "i’fi'find. '0. Vfll’. '0. m ”11.0”. J. £0. :0 Am. m1”. 50°C.
12. 2319 {1960).

Saucy. 341.. and Soothiiiier. L. P... “an. con. Mob. 1;}, 290 (1951).
on Vigmeond, h. and £10on, A. 5’... J. Biol. (31”.. L15, 3?} (1%362).
Saws. 3.. J. Biol. mm... m 3.59 (1950).

SiQkM". Fe. and “tankers, 0. He. Je 8101. China" ISQ. 8345
(19“9).

“einhonee. 8. nod comm. H. 1.. Arch. Biochem. nnd flinghjle.
33,. 3'57 (1953‘ .
farmhouse, 3. and hiednnnn, 3. J.. J. Biol. Chem... m 733 (195?).

Kflminfl. 'e 3.. Md fine In“. R. 33.. o’e MOI. Chue. & 217
(1915}.

Smith, c. 3.. Ind. Eng. men" 33;, 251 tic-+2).

ummix i

A} $312?” i

fine formic unod in ccrroctim; the observed count to corn magic

thi cimooc one:

there A, .. mum. specific nativity (counte/ozinute/millimle)
Go ' obeomd count Comte/minute)
1: I- noiecnlnr night of compound
I II night o! enmie counted
in I "notion of maximum activity at the m1. thickneee
need ('1‘) - ottninod 1m eelf—nbeorpticn curve.
nonrie calculation:
Hicctine diplomatic-.0. I- 365 0.9.11" it e- 60 3.3.. :1 '3 690.

5;. . 31.? “due?

5 " ' x “$93 " 1.29 x 10“ cumin/nu

VIEW

no. author eve-2e born Enron 1‘5. 192? in. Youngstown. Chic, and te-
ccivod his «condom education at ‘fioodroe Minna Hing: School in Younge-
tovn. Yin eervod for two ”on in the 8.5. How cediul Jorpe. and entered
Tonngetoen College in Jammy 191;]. Re transferred to Uhio Univcreity
in anteater 19M and me 3mm in June of 1950 with n Bachelor of
Science Degree. Rn enrollod in the Graduate School of Michigan 3toie
Collect in the Full of 1950 ne e inching Aeaietont in Quaint". re-
minim: at timt poeition until “coiled to naval est-vice in June of 1951.
um oomrloting o yea: nnd e no: of duty. he reewaed hie etudiee nt
:flichim fits-to college in the full of l9‘52 an e Special Graduate Research

Antietam. under an Mattie Energy Comiloicli Grant.

T3312 H.313"! '3'? ‘3’??? 5.1.1432 Ss';72'"31"2-3€ C3?" GL'YCKHE I?!

own-”Linn” ram-"mtg 131?“:3w15‘0 .ma

3?

{ZOME’Q Le ”31-31 11

M? .515" I“)?
fiubcittod to the School of firs-sonata fitucico of Fichimn
State Collage of [mi-imitate and limited Science
in gortlal fulfillamt of tho nfgnirmcute

for the dogzroo of

tin-int??? or '1‘: :1?!ch

Lognrtncnt o! Chum! It"

Your 1953

Jaunted _. 2.12. /;‘=“H=_ H

 

 

Tbbert L. Hamill
l

The alpha carbon of glycine bee been chown in previous experimente
to be a methyl carbon premix-cor in animal metabolism. but no einilor
experimente have been performed with higher plante. Thie etudy me on
attempt to demonstrate the role of the nip!“ carbon of glycine in the
methylntion proceeeee of higher plants. A high nicotine etrnin of
tobacco me need no the experimental plant. the mic of absorption of
the glycine named to be clover tlmn the rates observed for methionine.
fcnncte, and choline in earlier experiments. then the ylonte were fed
2 mg. of glycine, on uptake of 52 Lercent in two We. nod 70 percent
in four daye roe noted. Destruction of the glycine by nicroorgnniene
in the nutrient eolution one better controlled by oureowcin than by e
fiyondotte detergent germicide.

F’ndicective glycine. labeled in the alpha carbon. one fed to the
‘plaote end the nicotine, ieolated no nicotine dipicrnte. m i'ound to
poeeeoe radioactivity. Demetlwletion of the nicotine, end ieolntion
of the methyl group no nethyltriethylnmcniun iodide, ehoeed thet the
majority of the radioactivity of the nicotine molecule toe lcceted in
the methyl carbon.

Comorieon of the rates at incorporation of vorioue precurecre into
the nicotine methyl group ehoeed that the Alum carbon ci‘ glycine we
incorporated at about the me rate no the methyl group of methionine
and choline, and about 10 time the rate of tomato.

The remlte indicate that the elzho «floor: of glycine con eerve
ee e. methyl carbon precureor and that it does not go by the route of

formation of free tomato.

MICHIGAN STAYE U

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