."c ‘ “' If}; V.“ ' 1 1, ; 1‘» . ~‘- . , u . ‘x ‘ ,« . 93‘ _ L ‘V , - \ I _ fl . . .t “ '\ pg - I . . .' M .\_ . ‘21. .- ‘. h.‘ f '- 0" (R 3‘4. ‘ ; 9“ “n. 11451313 -——...~-. . _ DEVELOPIJEIH OF A SOIL AND WATER LABORATORY FOR AN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING DEPARTEENT By RALPH CARROLL HAY AN ABSTRACT Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Michigan State College of‘Agrioulture and Applied Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTFR OF SCIENCE Department of Agricultural Engineering 1951 THESIS DEWLO’YFWY' 0?? f! SOIL AND ‘v‘TATT'R LABORATORY FOR AN AGRICULTUFJL ENOIT‘H'I‘RIHG DEPARTB-‘liNT I By I Ralph Carroll Hay A survey was made to study the equipment and other facilities for teaching soil and water engineering courses in thirty~seven agricultural engineering departments in the United States and Canada. .Information obtained from these departments indicated equipment ranging from a few simple surveying instruments to well-equipped hydraulic and soils labora- tories and land on which to carry out field problems and investigations. Instructors rated field surveys, layout, and design of soil and water plans, practices, and structures as the most satisfactory laboratory studies used. Several also recommended actual construction in class work. They rated as least satisfactory problems based on theory without practi- cal applications and field trips in which student participation was lacking. Nearly one-third of all those reporting mentioned the need for working models of various practices and structures to use in laboratory exercises. To obtain first-hand experience with the use of working models for con- trolling water, a plastic scale model pipe drop-inlet'was made up and tested in the Agricultural Engineering hydraulic laboratory. Results of the tests checked, within reasonable limits, calculated capacities ob- tained by applying laws of similitude. A number of types of laboratory equipment and problems were reviewed. Based on these studies, a series of recommendations for a soil and water engineering laboratory were prepared and are presented in this thesis. +4 3.? 1': L01" .31" OF A 50:1. arm; 12.41312 Ls'..."f.l".‘.f’f'lli I‘V" . -‘ '_ H¢~«: -a» - 'n '1‘. .7 {a f7... 7 w Q Q\‘ - v\fi. ' p'm \JI‘. .ia‘ ‘lLl-LLJ\.4LIL‘J.AI‘JAL L—l-l-L‘..I.-'.‘ 1.4 I‘dd.“lj L’ ‘z’4.a3.Lu..’4i‘, RELAX CLIFJZOLJJ MY A TInzle Submit ted to the 103100]. of Oral-vats Studies of Lie Eligin Ltute Cellege of Agriculture 331 fipplicd Lcicnce in partial fulfil'ncnt o: the requirements for the degree of q :Z's ."i‘ I; U}? QC;~.1.::L'..; Department of AgricuLiurnl engineering 1951 [l [.[Il [[[[[([I[‘|lll|\'l| T'vzs 02 cc‘ IIITIIO‘UCTIOIJ e s s e s s e e . C‘b'CCtiViBS assesses . 0 *I8 Ci ‘2‘: 111121 . . . e e e s . Soil and Later Ln~ine7r1n7 T1"alning ~.- mes. L1.I.L:IUU(J {Iai‘u‘Ii—II o e e e e e e 0 Review of Literature . e s s . {urvyr of €37‘3'a To""“‘ :13 .——b. - "Cl-pl“; Future plans and can d3 Tar. no”: used . . . . Otzcr sources of teed Sur“o"tions from no win. -u—I‘OIJ 7. nu. _ k L); L}: T” MP. "'W on“ a l «‘5 P" '7'“ 'NT -" PL: \; " ti u'..la...._..s:...u .ILI Jib .1 “‘1 \s: .aLA J‘s-I- Indoor L2.b ,mtory gQ“i. .nte and Tam ‘ Charts, photo ewilar cmcnte, lingo alikI})lr.a:1a) O O O O O gricultural hydrology . 3.. a ,. . .2, _ .2. caps 2 vi p7“ mp scene . . . his b.0‘ak’~h3 ssoesosooo he‘s isle for construction a. Al‘s - -,v‘-'wv-. ,_ ‘ Jay S. 5? int-l St""'._{ ‘3- C‘- ” Isl-a... .C J- _Y ‘0. . model tank for LLUM-lfl; 17.. n.‘o '. .9. .. r 1 .7 -. Lt} 'T,-LS 5 ~. H'J’K) 333-017.: a. .. Take '7 mgr-rt mo Eels to .5: Outdoor Laboratory Work 0 e g a a e s e e e e Sunnery of Recommendations Lquitnrnss or Tests . . . irL/CIyitIglai'I} . o O s a s o a e Discueeiwn of Results . . . C0"f”riiscn CT 108$: with 17 . .‘ .1- r1 .. Loncluoi lune IL‘C ‘ LDutl LBetS "I '1“ - y ‘I 7. I! ‘_ :I ~‘~~~.i *2 c? future are C- MUTLI't \;\) .L.‘u..n) .1 O 1 . b .L lad-‘3 a. 0.1. «mr urn" .L‘ ’1', ”I .J O O O O O s I 0 0 O G I 0 O O I O O D 0 O O O I O a ‘ ' odrlais 5- v II, a a \l .34 a drat . P‘ I u} 7% O O O O O O O C C i O 0 working models . . a q ...-. a. ,. 73-0 for a Labcratory , C 0 O . C O O O U D O O I a: VLHH H O O O... .00... 1-1.Ilé 5.14.13 ‘0’. O... ,... ,. .7 f: ,p. lilJ‘Jé’J-LD by tile a e e e e e e o a e e e e O O Q 0 I a O 0 i a II 11! ,7 Q.- I‘:‘ p" “I ' E). 3 LIA. adfiafibatk n1 LQI‘ ‘ ...'._.L 141.373 I sLigguians and '1”! 1-" 11‘“ “l.“ :vw (3 nun-1: '\" 11.; 13.3“; .2 .J in it TiC'J uhral Lu .LHJV .L J. Ag ‘ora tariua models Used for Teaching Soil and Qatar Courses in A “*CAL._IQJ. L-;DI.V-I‘L¢~.- Lb“ art {$2149 0 o o o o o 0 Types of Laborator" ExerciSés Li sted as lost Satisi actory and Leas+ Eatis factorr UV Instrubtors Laboratory Heads Reported by Instructors fram ‘ .2-.- ' .-..... L" . .-..4. 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Cawood, tachxxc ., BLul I 3.1.8 ‘ rrofe: or A. u. Farra ll, of the Agricul*m U'"L Sng‘netaring uepart at Ifrs. Vera Hay, wife for helpful u”‘ewuionuo UL] -' ‘ff' 5 ‘x.- ' ‘a-fJ. cog!“ 25.1.0501" 0:. tux; A Ticauhlu u. Eva-101 the De gart: ’21 b, for afididba of the autLor, +or r-uu_n- th* Ant-5'" s"..- -SI‘ 2 -J--U.htht.lI d-ol-U - #1.. him. 519*, Lic‘ Bea rtncnt of call the ofw ce _ 3 v :Lfi‘m r1219 I md coo :¢01A$rto-oglit Lepurt— J.‘ . (Ji.Le -. Lc‘lcuu nor, Instructor, c0 staff ar;tio2. I‘ “‘. MCI" -zJu “2151 INTRODfiCTION Objectives he objectives of this study may be enumerated as follows: 1. To study soil and water courses and.lanoretory facilities in various colleges and universities. 2. To set up a plan for a recommended laboratory for teaching courses in soil and water engineering. 3. To contribute to the improvement of the teaching of soil and water courses in agricultural engineering. Background The pro lem chosen for this thesis confronts every agricultural engineering instructor assigned to teach soil and water engineering courses. With limited facilities and equipment, he is faced with teaching a subject that is broad in scope. It is a problem of special concern to the writer, who has been assigned this teaching at the Uni- versity of Illinois. In this institution, as well as at Eichigun State College, the agricultural engineering department has teaching assignp ments for toth engineering students in the technical curriculum, and for students in agriculture or service courses. The engineering students have studied surveying, advanced mathematics, physics, mecxenics, and hydraulics in preparation for the technical courses in agricultural engineering. The agric lturel students may have studied courses in soil science and farm ma agemcnt, little else, in preparation for the VI VII]- ‘ IA [ [[[l‘l‘l‘l‘il‘lf‘l‘fll -2- soil and water engineer ring oeurses. Tfius there is a wide variation in intro -£uccd to tie (I) 03 c4- Le L. (J cf 03 r-fi *‘3 Q U) (4' 6 t'e teciinical level at which ti nnterial deLlin"'n-tz t-e enLinecring p*;308 of soil and water 0 on: -:>r'vut' ion. Soil and water enLi *rlJ he; Keen tauLTt un er a nice veri ty of names. Land reclamation was quite widely'used until ttcnty years ago to fies cribs tVe SJ.ULCtu in e;Li,‘er_.L, draiane, and sail erosion control. In that period swamp dr'Lm: . azi c3~~lo n.ent 0' er dlaxd for irr?gfition'vns prop rly termed reclamation. 11th tie dfivOlOQRGRt tFe national program of soil conservation, tflet nnrc was apglied to the entire ficl i in soil and us,cr e 'u‘erin Tie Seil Cowscrvation Service now engugcs in all three “ uses nn r.ed a ovc , irrigation, driinge, and soil erOcien cont: cl, [Obh in res c1011 and in not .cn p oLrins cons duczted in rochLa‘iou ui.th soil conservation districts oannised under state laws. The snericon society of Agii ulturul LnLiaeers is organ— iced with 3 Soil and'tater Divis Lo n, L:i.icn inclu Lies all three phases as well as related Lubjocts such as nL gricwlt ra hydrolOSy. Alt‘ough numerous collage courses in agricultural “3L.LlrlnL still are listed by such memes as land dove o slut, soil conservation, and drainage and reclamation; the trend is toxnrd uez:cri >iny t i.s m. ork as soil :Lnd water enciuoering and to use t rLe tint more accurntciy cesczfi at e cours 3 content cu :1 as drain 3, supplen entL.l irriLu "ion, and soil co-sarvntion Strl ICt‘lreS 0 Another rapidly dGVQIOpinJ field w 10% in elves aLrLCaltural engi- neers in the soil and water field is ug—str em flood control or water flow retardation as provided for in ti: ilood L~:trol not 01 l”LL. This iltllllfllll‘ll! [Ill I [ll [[IIIII‘ ll _3— act authorizes the Secretor; of riculture to as:i;;n re.yossl ilitios ‘ f for t is tgpe of flood coatrol to too Leil Cooservation Se"vice. this work on the motors eds of str,e:{w sutjeet to flee” demoge consists largely of intensive soil conservation tit? emghasis on QQ _ we ring apglicutij Tiis develoyment is new pro res>ing at such a rigid ate t at its st id; must so;n be iatroieced into the soil sad sober courses of cu ricr°£ Le in a rineltur‘l en 7:.2LerinL. more of tlis rotors as touLLt in COlltgx coursvs is slxost with- out exception touth with the aid of various types 0: leboretory work. Cuch.lohoretory exercises include proile“", survn’ir', testinL, celi— brm tics, fie d ips, desigi, and even c02stuetion. Textbook classes are gamer 11y not considered aoequste. Teis work can to l arsed best by doing.’ Lazt‘erro the wor': most is varied semen? at 1: every college to conform to tee soil and water profilems of the state as fun concerned. I The lofloretory may we oozLied as a “uiluinr or mart of a uuilding ’tcd thH of: lions for coLeuctLeg SCiGntlilC i vextiL.tioss, experi- ments, tests, or other cxperiecutll cu udJ. In tkis dissertation, the term lo orotory will be used to mean the egoce, quL.Jth, and otrcr focil3it as used in underbre at: teaching of soil and so or enLixmoring courses in departeonts o:sr1cul*“1al Cd"Peorlqu Agric thural e‘."i egrs in tie soil aei water fislfi shoe; both of tTe e rs: Oircss in various combinatiods. Shem consifiered separately, the study of soil chemistry, soil 9 Jsics, and soil classification prop rlJ3 elOSJ‘ in the ffi.eli 0? soil science. Similirl; the study of motor comes in tfie province of the one? our trained in hydrology axd HJd r’ solics. It is tRe control and mo aLemeat of motor in its -b- relationships to soil used for agriculture, that the agricu tural engi- near holds the major responsibility. The role of the engineer is there- . «,3 Bills fore one of c00peration'uith and understanding of thefl of scientists in soil science, farm crepe, farm management, horticulture, forestry, hydraulics, hydrology, and animal sciences; and also with field workers such as county agents, farm planners, vocational agriculture teachers, farm managers, and farm Operators. Carpenter (6) has quite properly stated that the agricultural engineer should help bridge the gap between the biologist and the engineer. The engineer's place in the soil and water field is neither all important nor foremost as compared'with others. iowever, it is one quite vital link in the teamwork required to achieve the ultimate goal expressed by that eminent conservationist, Hugh H. Bennett, to put ovary acre to its best use, for the best interests or all society both present and future. Special care has been given in this analysis to confine recommen- dations to laboratory facilities that are properly agricultural engi- neering in nature. It'will appear that some recommendations overlap those of the soil scientist and the civil engineer because of the close relationship of the work; but they will be limited to those prOblems involving both engineering and agriculture. It is assumed that instead of duplicating facilities of other departments, agricultural engineering students will also receive basic training in those related departments. Some indication of the importance of the soil and water engineering field can be taken from the membership of the kmerican Society of Agri- cultural Engineers. Its members ip of 3350 as of April 1951 contained .5- over 600 engineers with major interests in the soil and water field. (e)~ This is the second largest division of the society; being second only to the power and machinery division in size. A check of the 125 grad— uates in.Agricultural Engineering from the University of Illinois since that curriculum was established in engineering in l93h, shows that 33 men are now engaged in the soil snd.uater field. They are in federal service, in college teaching and research, and consulting and contracting work. This does not include several others who have worked in this field since graduation or who are now engaged in fanning. It should also be noted that at no time since the mid-thirties has the supply of agricultural engineers in the soil and water field been adequate to meet the demand. .A number of the engineers first employed in federal soil conservation‘work‘were civil engineers and also engineers trained in other fields. Men from.other engineering fields are atill'being employed.as agricultural engineers. Evidence points to a distinct need for training more men in this profession. This demand for training more agricultural engineers calls for improved methods and equipment for teaching in the departments concerned. Soil snd‘Water Engineering Training curricula for undergraduate students in agricultural engineering contain only one or two courses in soil and.uater engineering. Such (a) This information was supplied by Ralph Palmer, Assistant Secretary, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Saint Joseph, Michigan -6- courses are generally taught in the senior year after such prerequisites as surveying'and hydraulics hare been studied. In l9bh the Committee of Curriculums of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers out- lined a curriculum approved by the Engineers Council for Professional Development (sore) which contained only one soil and enter course in the senior ye;r.(1JJ More recently a n ”her of departments have a dad a second soil and water course, Eut in either case the work taught must cover a broad field of research and application in short order and with a hurried view of the various phases. ialker ng has stated that the technical agricultural engineering education should provide: mastery of principles and practices charac- teristic of engineering problems in agriculture, discipline in the engineering method of thinking, and development of cultural and economic background from which the young engineer may find his position in so~ ciety and in solution of its problems. This is the challenge to be met in the lim ted exposure to soil and water problems that is provided most agricultural engineers during their undergraduate training. In l9hh the Soil and Hater Division of the American Society of.Agri- cultural Engineers recommended to the Committee on Curriculums that con- sideration be given to provide opportunities for students to elect studies in a specialized option and for study of additional fundamental courses especially valuable for young engineerS'sho expect to take up careers in the soil and water field. Courses in advanced surveying, advanced hydraulics, hydrolOgy, soil mechanics, irrigation, reinforced concrete, and soil physics were suggested. It is unfortunate that most departments of agricugtural engineering are not prepared to offer .7- advanced were in their own departments but must turn to other depart- ments for such advanced training. Fisher (16) emphasized this same prdblcm'by stating that the agricultural engineer sometimes lacks quali- ications in the fields outlined above, and the civil engineer lacks in fundamental agricultural courses such as soils, crops, and farm management. The problem of improvement of agricultural engineering training in general and of the soil and water field in particular is a chal- longing one. walker (3h) Pointed out that no other enginexring field has so 1 ttle formal subject matter adapted to academic use. Alibis on.youth of he profession, dif iculties in attaining professional recognition, and the broad scope of the field, although true, do not provide a satisfactory answer but do add to the challenge. Teaching is an art caps ls of development, and effective teacLing cannot be separated from good subject matter. New knowledge for teach'ng may he developed especially from contacts with the tort of the experiment station, for good teaching and research cannot be Kept apart. The pro- blem is further emphasized by the overcrowding of the professional cur- riculum, fatigue of students, and recruitment of the staff because of heavy teaching loads. La Fierre (26) suggests that the solution of the instructional and educational problem.in engineering lies neither in a longer program of study nor in a single undergraduate engineering degree, but rather in coordination of teaching, in teaching fewer courses, and in teaching liFerally. He suggests less formal lecturing and more use of the phenomenon of discovery of the basic and fundamental principles by the students. In such teaching use of the laboratory is indispensible. Some helpful suggestions on the approach to improving teaching methods particularl, in the soil and water engineering field have come from engineers in the Soil Conservation Service. T. B. Chambers, (a) Chief of the Engineering Division, lists as main prdblems that engineers encounter: dealing with water and its control, structure design, ap~ preciation of soil and moisture relationships, and of soil mechanics. Edwin Freyburger, (a) Regional Engineer, emphasizes the need to direct the technical training toward the handling of water'with courses in agriculture, agricultural engineering, and civil engineering. M; M. Culp, (a) Head of the Engineering standards Unit, comments that some of the most irritsting deficiencies of young engineers are: '1. Inability to compute accurately and rapidly. 2. Inability to present ideas clearly and completely in drawin;s. 3. Failure to recognize and obtain the field data necessary to adequately solve a given problem. is partial remedies he suggests: 1. Assignment of problems of a practical nature taken from actual field cases. 2. Study of good examples, plans and specificatisns of well conceived, successful jobs. 3. Require adherence to well established standards of engi- neering drawing. h. Emphasize carefuly preliminary analysis and planning of the engineering work necessary to solve a problem. He further suvgcsts the need for seminar type discussions of specific subjects with library assignments to supplement laboratory'work. The discussion to this point has been largely concerned with train- ing for agricultural engineering students in the technical curricula. (3) These suggestions were made in letters to the author. Agricultural engineers in nearlsr all ins citations are also assiglxod the teaching of the service courses for students in agiculture. This teaching; assignment presents some interesting variations in objectives, teaching mterial, and methods from the courses for engineers. Walker (3h) again comes to the aid of the writer with the suggestion that the instructor of service courses should consider the agricultural students as ”users" instead of as "designers“. Ellis teaching calls for juibmsrrt in use , solution of practical everyday problems on the farm, and suf— ficient simplification to enable students to understand the more technical courses. The conscientious instructor in agricul gural Ol'iéil'lool'illg dares not succumb to the temptation to slight this teaching; of service courses. (2) 5 Rather he must accept the agricultural majors as coworkers. 0le the field they reach many times more rural ram owners and Operators It}; than the agricultural engileers can ever hope to influence. It is portant that they have their tmining in agricultural engineering clearly and accurately presented. ~10- KLTIOD OF STUDY Review of Literature In reviewing pertinent literature the writer found little written on the subject itself, however helpful suggestions and ideas were found in a generous quantity. Although practically'every agricultural enti- neering department teaches soil and mter courses and has some Labora- tory facilities, little has been written on the subject from an Objective point of ion. host of the literature found helpful has been taken from reports on various phases of research, extension teaching, and from laboratory manuals and outlines used in various colleges and universities. Several laboratory'manual type publications issued recently in« dicate the most commonly used laboratory facilities and problems in the introductory courses for engineering students and for service courses. In their "manual of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering", Schwab, Frevert, and Barnes (30) devoted the first four chapters to simple sur- veying and listed eight practical problems involving field surveys in addition. Doran and Green (10) in "Drains;e, Terracing, and Simple Surveying", give over half the manual to surveying. In,"Farm‘fiuter Li'magement", Wooley and é-leasley (36) used six chapters to outline simple surveying methods and in addition included methods of laying out various conservation practices. The major portions of the remainder of the manuals were written to outline planning, surveys, and construction of terraces, drainage, ponds, and irrigation. Their purpose was ooviously for the service or non-technical courses rather than for the advanced engineering students. -11- numerous ideas for laboratory material and facilities have teen obtained from certain research projects. Indoor plots of soil on which erosion was studied with changes in slope by tilting the plots and on which rainfall was controlled by artificial applications have been de- scrind by Neal (21;), Nichols and Sexton (2S): and Duley and Hayes (13). These plots varied in size from one fifty-eighth to one one-thousandth of an acre. Although used for research projects, they would have been useful in teaching erosion, slope, and soil relationships. Interesting rainfall applicators to simulate natural rainfall have been used.by Ellison and komerene (15) and Kidder, Stauffcr, and Van Doren (21). Ellison also described two simple devises for measuring soil erosion (lb) that should have tracking value. In the field of models for studying and analyzing soil consorvation structures, several series of tests were described.by*Kessler (20) in his work with drop inl ts and spillways at the University of Wisconsin. Roe (27) (23) carried out additional studies at the University of Min- nesota. More recently Blaisdell has done more comprehensive model studies of various types of soil conservation structures in cooperation with the University of Minnesota St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory. His work has been directed toward tests of various model structures for recommending standard designs in the use of the prototypes in the field. An example of this research is the Se? stilling basin (h3) and the design of pipe drop inlets (h), More recently Elaisdell has desimed and con- structed a portanle demonstration channel (2) which is currently being used for in-service training of Soil Conservation Service personnel in the performance of various soil conservation structures, the phenomenmn -12- of the hydraulic jump, and the value of the SAE stilling basin. In the writer's Opinion this model offers numerous possibilities for use as a teaching aid. An 1 teresting model study of stream bank protection structures was reported by Saverson and Overholt (29) at Ohio State. In the field of drainage, soil moisture, and p;rmeacility some equipment develoyed by soil scientists deserves study. For example the electrical resistance method of measuring soil moisture by Bouyoucos and Kick (5) has a place in every soil and water laboratory. A soil core 33m; er of the the develoyed by Jamison, Weaver, and Reed (19) for permea illty me surements is also desirable. Other suggeLticns for lacoratory use reported include curved top blocks to illustrate terracing by Secates (31), an extension sxhitit for visualizing soil erotion control by Thurmcnd (33) and equipment for demonstrating by Mcrkle (23). Valuable information on devices for meas- uring runoff is given in a technical publication by fiarrold and firindold (17). Christiansen’s California bulletins, "Measuring eater for Irri- gation", I0. 588 (7) and "Irrigiticn by Sprinkling" No. 670 (5), pro- vide excellent laboratory suggestions in the irrigation field. Survey of College Teaching One of the first methods of study used'nas a survey and an analgsis of courses in soil and water engineering and laboratory facilities for teaching in the various agricult‘“el engineering departm nts in the United States and Canada. This was carried out by means of a survey form sent all the department Tenis with the suggestion tlat the reply be made by the staff member respr sit lo for soil and water courses. A cogy o? the survow form used is s; :oun on p3; as I 'tolfii in t}: $.pocniix. Forty—two survey forms were se nt departments offering soil and water courses 337 w'oro returned witli various other pertinent mite:i;l in the form of close outlines, laboratory exercises, flfl pro lens. A summary of to: r ;:li 5 gives much use-ful inforu tion on courses and met mziele used at the present time. Those de,r.rtn;1ts offers total of 79 tech- nical courses for enginesring students- and 53 service courses fore ~“;i cultural students, exclusive of special proilem anl thesis research courses. Fourteen of the 15 departments'nith c‘rriculuns accredited by the Engineers Council for frofesgionnl Develogmont are included in this stuiy. A cor-ale we sumary or the ropl ies is given in Table VII of the Agpendix, pages 3; to t?:. iae only tune of equipnext cousin to all doiarumrfica as d ter:aine d -.is scurce is surveying equipment. Fran t2: so to fortymtxroe love is are 11: ted, along'wi+n plane tables, hand levels, and otier re 0 tively si @le e1 iument. East departments list only one to three transits, but some departments that teacil survr. >Jin5 courses for .echnical students in en3.in co- mi and for stry have as many as eleven or twolue. This is true at Minnesota, rurdue, and Georgia. It is assumed t'at the few trans- its, telescopic alidades, and planimgters are used by staff and graduate students. Equipment for soil investigations and analysis are listed in Table I finish was taken from replies in tie sxrvcy s} mts. TYPES OF lS’:_T}I‘r"T..'j-:"P FUR HFIL IIIVEi'.-TIT1' TICK-‘3' [xi-1U AT'QXLYIJIS Iii AJRICUL'I'UR-L b'IGIImL‘LnIAG LABoRATLDRLDS .- -v-¢o--.—..-‘-—- w- w—w—r—u‘. --m-——-- o 0.0:“ Equipment Listed 'Kumber of vegartgcnts For subsurface explorations (angers and samgling tubes) 25 For moisture determinations Bouyoucos bridges or meters and blacks 8 Tension ters 6 Oven 3 Other 3 mechanical Analysis '{ydromcter 5 Sieves L Burotto l Permeability measurements Core Samplers h Piezometer 1 Permeator 1 Compaction Tests “nectar h Penetromctera 2 It is believed tflat much more equinmcnt is avails 13 than was listed. A number of replies mentioned that such work is taught in soil physics and soil mechanics courses taught by soils and civil engineering depart- ments reSEectively. Hydraulic lahoratories are listed by twclve dfipnrtncnts with water sugglles ava1la‘ ml , to ,rovidg f.Low5 of frcm one-tautfi t3 ten on 10 fact per second, and stanfiard (rectangular, Cipolleti, and 90 debree tri- angular) Fairs. Otlcrs mention twat such lateratorizs are ava;la‘lw apylied mechanics or civil engineering degartgcwts in alicf the technical stud¢:ts tqke courses. Other equipm.n+ lint d includ ; puny», current metevs, type H flumes, rarsflail flames, pre SLre gag es, nz3 r m tars, orifices and water stage recorders. Eaarly all departmefits Rave some samples of irrigation equlbnmnt with quick—cougling, light weidht pipe, sprinkler no; 213;, and plastic siphon tuhcs most frequently mentioned. Same have complate sprinkler irrirnt ' n syst1ms availa la nearfiy for student ogeration and st‘dy. No less than twanty departments listed some t(pes of $01913 pre- g-ared for tazc ‘Ln; ,ids and displays. Table II Lvduuu Uh: .D FOR T£AC [KG bOIL RED fiATud CQURpQS I w: AifiICULTJRAL itYNQIi‘Js‘SLLLRING i)i§rA&-aT£.LLi‘ TS -—‘ w M Fumher of Types of Hodela Instr—4v! ___- h gully control structures 3 sand boxes to Show topographic features, terrace S atoms , and contour layouts 3 terrace systems with sprinklers for bhOwi lug rain- fall and runoff farm conservation plans in relief naps tile drainage inztallationa farm ponfis ~9me channels for use of model structures -3 Ow P33tur * of tie anve moials inclxiz transparent sides '4.) L‘) n z 3 \U 3 '3 rt U r- . ) for visiFility in action, two similar rolls; mots of the same area with ‘1, and without conservation pr; .ctices, and a fly-2151,35 box 31'202'.'ing tile draiunro in a soil rofile and a workiur model of a tilin~ machine. .J ’ L.) J One 1 rtmzut, Kinnssota,r ro‘itcrtoi a cazxplitc tile tasting labo- ratory to test for AETM 9,3CL-_cat1o“" 11 drain tile. Several otfiars l regortei some testinu of drain tile in cooporat on with other labora- U toriaa on t 9 r8" ctira caupuaes. Kany others keep tile so A83 to 74):)»; illustrito tile qualit’. 11 ro3gonse to th: question as to toe most 5a 18 factory laboratory work there was a fiexgval a rceneut 33 to tyjo of probl ms; ouggootlons as to W ”I a3t sa‘n ‘ Me or} typu o: la oratory oz v 3 may ‘ .’ !. :‘tt4 95:33334 r“yi l>:P}" 3-. R Q 1333 tna + "\‘:"b v.u.‘.. n 9 n Y. n .‘ a :23 ' ..uJ'l Q; 0. tn.) 00.133433; c J. , ,. axt*33 and 31%) fl. ~31 .— A a. .3 ..- -- . ..' 1-. *1- "up. - ,.'. . ., feuergl 331 503L re .3” CLFCHLLTL an; wmaLe ‘abz 1 033 333.1‘3 -'*"Lt, , .. ,. .‘..._ ,1 . .21., ‘* .. ' ...... ...: 9 ‘ , . 10:31, 11f.2~3uinw no avalla la 13 ad; t3I33oohs. Table V FR ‘ um CI 01? 02:3 car 3011. mm vwgi 'LX'l'BOOmS BY "'T’L‘l‘ ”“135 1‘“I.*.P'vt...j=“r*1 .uflfle-g. -- — .9.-- ‘- :‘a'-)J T} l"'.."11"-'Q a', J... - J J— .t...'..1 nay LIJ fieclamation 2. Irrigation rrinc3ples run' 1 *6- Auu 6— 1 Erazion ani It3 Control 3. h. Drainage and.Flood C .3773; 21‘1115? 3!“? trio-m 11:, .5 0 .- g..-, 5,.) 1N5" .-.: ,. '5... 1.. «a, .3...» «(L1 5; Lung-4.1.1 . Julius: in Agriculture Manual of Soil and Water Causervat ion 31‘1nurr1.fl '....- i‘,‘ . "_p Law-o \1 5 u. nuudqufi J1. ..., 01.21111. 3.0-5 ~. .... ._¢.... *- .- ’ .. ;. 9.1.4.: 1....» 99d. Life t....—.G.; {ilk-33 " O " ‘ TV '3'?“ v'.‘ fit ”a. Vb“, ..l-‘o 2" . ,, ranaéement Vt. .. ‘3 3.33211 “ 'tci ' ”Dean-u _ fiumber of Institutiong U2: 1'15 3.1- Author .Ayres and 5co3t33 20 Israelson 13 “J”; LiJ riCFIV S 303 ? Schwab Frevert, and 6‘ Barnes "U f '1 .. ... ‘ ‘.- J. . 3‘ $34.61, 3334 11:3 v3]? fiz'eed 33d iZo smer ficolay and Beagley ‘LU’ Ir 25‘; ~09. 3. or; 7m ..C Lice and dngineering SurVeying land.LTainago and 1‘.( 1 .- -V._ ;_ '— '. a‘ 1‘ ..Ltl)‘ L 1 1.13.1 ...dC '1 1.43 x '-.v.'...‘ u, '21 .-. .‘I"., .2.. '14 J 4‘5.) :1 LfiI‘J a. ‘3!“ Iv.[L'.“/'...IJ1I~; Robey, LOSRE‘Q, and Todd itcheverny firs.- —s--2:.2'~:.- , l, ”.42. . Uv..b Add; JL‘IA Ud' ULLLJ' 0.;3 .14..-au.2..n..g...sul “Cu: 2“ f -. ' -" ‘1‘ . ! P -.r ‘1 you-0 -‘~ 4 \") (4-19%.; 0... wuia. vudtyfli tau... ... -‘_ ’ 'A ‘ " “' ‘ ’F‘ "I ‘3‘? ‘.' " ...-'5‘. ’ ’1 'f". MIA-é-idlcfil J I ‘J; “B: nnJ-b’d L-J l’d-lf’gw: Pi. , .2 4' r.. ....2.. . "M . .-2 ,. -a -415;er “ain't.” 2...,“ Luzr..olng, an; ‘ - 2 ‘| 1 ,_ .. Laud Drainage 1:.Le-.n.c«tdr'y Szmveying Surve;in3 Crounlwatcr Ehysica of the barth IX Centrifiuaal rUmps and Blowers Groanlwater 331338111103 3.1 Physics (D fJ. :1" +4 ted $0113 {a ‘1 A D ‘g . . J: omet .. f 1 - -r J» . .~‘. n sad P'M '2 r2 L! J15 59 uQr‘l-a (\..-. k-J. 090 S\ - ... I -, .Joraan and. ”Tenn Rayner BoucLard Jo.nson Bonner Church Bonnsion Schfoder and Bunsen Raver Thorne and Foteroon Several of the books used most frequently hale been published longer than ten years. Only the two irrigation texts, Ioraelson and R09 are r latively now; except for Schwnb, frevort, and Barnes which is more nearly a laboratory manual than a textuook. After one reviews the available text 00x material, he can more readily unfierstand why it is neces.ary to develop laboratory outlines and prollems for each institution. Y- ' A .- .2 Other sources of tone in; mutirials for tie it oratogz: Tie need for cooperation with local conservationists and engineers in planning la 0- ratory field work was mentioned frequently. This tgye of cooPeration can 132* -LL“ 3 .\ - .. :. -, ,. .. w. ‘ '.. L . 3 . .,; .. . . . _ ".2 ; 2,, ,. , ,3 .j . 1 3 .Lolddd-u‘: UCJ‘b Mitt.) 30119 4.10;“: 11;: v») Md. v.3 lL’SAu "33.3; Gilu C331 3.1.310 p. c. . FL “0911 2, I 3- 3 o. . . - u ‘ r\ ‘y n...- A ' . 'Q ,3 , . - ‘ ... . . n 3‘. _- .‘ \ .‘ 1.131213 tht3LusJJx3 94330.3 101‘ tut} ”J"? ‘ LONG) r371”.2.uk§;‘r 13:3 3!..1‘433311‘233 and g‘rav" v‘ .° . .3 .33.... , . . *2, 7... .. . . .v. .. 2 1 1 ti‘os lo: 333,: cintrol. la tua 3333333 353333 §i333 C‘n" rigs 3TB 3330 plam’ui ...; 3.; £33.32 V-llfiJJJ 0f 1"“11Ut13u w'u uuQJJ 13.3.U333321 ‘41 ijwoSo 3333333313133 for tcw‘ 35.5 currcu3 33334 d3vclo,33333 an; 9:3;33 :3 are p333; is 3393333 coapurstioa tit3 33t333i03 endin33rs fr34u3333y worxi35 oat of 333 5333 dupartmant3. 5333 in3tractor3 are not 33C353J in part tin; 3333rch activities, the; 3130 have similar opport33i3i33 for merging with the experiment stat13n 3335f. Study of outlines and plans of 133tructars of rela ted coarses 33 ouhar d333rt333t3 i3 also 333333333 33 iazoratary time is to be m,3t offsotive and coordinazcd. C3u330t3 wits Cansulting engineers 3n3 contractors in the r3113‘s 03333. ration fi3.ld3 maJ 3130 provide 3333li3n3 133033t3r4 iicld tILaB O I and p3313:3s. uuph cont 3t: c3.1 c- ‘f* .. .. . ‘ n . -. J- .13} i3 <13}, LLCQ-JCI 13-1I7{)33t,.36 ’CDV 4.;3 3 .k):] 1'" son» av "‘2 €313.31 o mqn-r - - r3510 “1"" and c021” :12... . “-2 .. J 3 'J- -%J« V- a..- a 'i-oi «J 611‘)... v‘.‘ v) 6.1.3 A 2&4 '4.‘ --' -33 .. ‘3. ~~ ‘4; 'J“ LIV} (4".L'Ju E‘k’ LG] 6.; VJUJAI+QtJ. (c.3L 2 J'- _ .. ..L. ...1 3.3,, I . ~‘3L33t;or3 irynAgr iwdc bod 333. 33 3331i .313t333 Collgm As «'- -,-\‘- 2' -‘ . ‘:-' 'I' - -| .---l --. r5 1 I. . - 2 - . \ M Q .\-1 - ..__- a 5:1; ” UL ‘3 act-101‘ '-" '83- 6213531" ' W"; ‘13 33°“3ud3; D':.'1.L3&JL‘ Luu1‘3u t-LG writer 3331 th3 3.1xt 3 Stid3ats enrolled in tn 31331 S riz‘ Quarter to answer four questions related to this suhject.. Tue questions were: 1. List eq13prent anfi fnci itios you wouid need for t3ac:izg indoor 130rat ry work. (assuminD that ono ind tze r33ponsi- oiling i'or settin. up facilit 133 for to.c;33g soil and watci) 2. List the 533 for outdoor morxo 3. than tgges cl l333r33o"* work do gun believe should be given anthrsis? h. List labor: 3ory work commonl; used that Jou would elim:1nate. —- . ... _~. .- .,_. .' 3 3. _.:.' ~. ... 31.: .j . n, '3‘ .-. 3-1.1 ..3 3. 1.... .J. vi ..t 31.3? :3 ... '3?) '4‘- 1‘ l J“ 31.1.»-1 , n L, .z.- 2 .3. 3‘3 J 3 (1‘. n J wag—LIN .1 1.3.» . 3 ... -.‘; W ...“ 3 " . . .31. ......M‘s - .- ‘ n 4 g 3 "/9 . 13.0.: u)...’ CI .3 ~«- “3. w . 3‘ .2331“. LY ()4. 933 If; 3 . AL 1‘" ’ “1““ : 'y. 1"". q .... '1‘, - - P 3": . u.< 3. 4 -\ .1. I‘ v: . ' 3- .- -. .3 ;’ ‘1‘... u: -..-- u;; w’ K v l x.' .‘ ’ )‘ :1 L53 \) C )V‘ "' 5 K.“ '. ‘It-w ‘ '.'$ . . 3 777;? L... 1 . ......I .L.,J‘u .‘ L'3‘1 s+r""* wr a and equi3ment 10 u ‘ o _‘ a ‘ ,2, ‘3 \‘-~ 4 .da. .: J uh}. uh _ ..':U‘LU I I4 L .‘:l ‘1'; ”A4- (315.?le .I L ... . ,. — 3' ’ 23-195 of drain; a enuivmont, tLIG, etc. ... z .: 7‘ :“ --. 3 \_: .. 'In .’.‘.L Lu.’ 1“}.‘2‘1. ’ L1,. (4. \aJ'i.L:;, J 4 5)- -..!” )1. 3'} J|-’ -§'.~;Lll _....'.LJ.§ I-»J 9. o ‘ I ’ 1 . uOVle 31ms ama otznr vLsual alds v n - . ' - .. ‘ . ~ . -- ‘I. y. , r-u - -. _‘ {I o ‘ 66’ I 3. J-f'... L L J J L.) L J1. a) 3..."..— ’0' . a y . . . .. ' ' .... A lancratcr' manual bit“ procedure 3tliued Ans ers to quesaion two: .. ‘* .3 .‘ ...i . 33 - . 3 ' Farm I3no for p30 lama in .rainaVe, irrigut tion nd I . -" . v ‘4' ‘ 3 1 a" ’u‘; In T 3 .13 , Adequzte surwe L13 eq;zi;>mont 10 1 3 - 33r31 3 :r3;13L J LJ33,; £3: Logdj M L3n3tract terraces for 1Q““P"L10n Jzfi er in course ": \‘1 .1 _: ."_ ‘ J. _l_,__? I 1 .... M- _..,| .J-9 .5 .2. £1- J. UI- \- .J I b.) 4,- U‘J-.s .’ q){; ‘1. ".1 "a It 4.. ‘0'”: ,' ..'.l..1ut-L-)r13 Heatwor 333+ on and 56d;m ae:1t has £313 on waturghed ‘ .133...\..’.... ......Q L. ..5- .\ .“ 'J--."-J\‘A‘Q\I'1U.‘- I.) 95.3% 9—hllk‘oc" 2-13 -01- ‘VLJr Hmmmo 3333393 to 23333L33 tnr33: '1- ‘- u. ~11 ”-r 3—: '3 1 OJ‘J'G-‘ths -4-vv.o ...}...‘rd. ..t. I. 6 MMW WE'U‘OVJ IrrL 3330; otudies and operation ‘ ‘ 1‘.- -a-.. 1 31:3;333. 33 “:333 including sfirowm gating Field dononutrations of tax tiiook ma aria ant-33 ta [3 and 3:11 parmeahilibj mazsuramcnt3 Hydraulic laboratory work with pumps, models, and flay 33~°'r:.21t3 L 3:;rv3 tile draina o tronchor in ovoratioa \1‘ Q 1 ”to" mgnhinsry in 33133ioo to coil ,1. an n . , ..‘ .5“; .‘ch t :3“ J Ra-’ " r" .-‘ ~- -. “ ' ~~.. ‘ 3_ "— <11"! 3 - I -— ..‘,“ L-Ia ‘ I!“ 3:148.) .3331 3.4.1:." 1911“ d ..utT...L‘o.3 ‘00! 3.1.1.} fit. 33.31.). 3.43 Vim? 0'r3"*cd pro- lens with little explanation 1 Weir 11.333 barging-3 331 Unneoeasary localiaatica of prjblems l Surfao e irric tion study in 31c 1513 l Ditch b113tin; 1 ‘4 - .' .3. .- ‘ . wlv‘ , -. ~'~ ' 9 ‘ < - H .;-s 0-}. g ' x. - Ludargut) 3‘». .3 'PLIC 3,. e38 ‘lngw-3ro 5:834. JQt '88:) warned g. l! E )0. c... C 1' 3 C771 *1 .- I in advanca nor ha” 32; of tu3; rov-a333 tLe survey quo3tions soot to departmegts t roughout the couLtry, yst a nun e? of seir sur ogcstionv aro rem ably similar to t“ose given ’y instruc‘ in I "I R CUM Y‘”TICTC FUR A LiTQLuTUIY X) This section has besnc c1r1;n uz'3 on the 313 of rsc:og ngnd timns and suQ cations received in the survey describs‘ in the pruvimus section, observations and experiences of the mritsr in three years as an ins tractor of sail and us er engineering courses and thirteen years as extensicn agricultural engineer, and from recoxnundutions of various staff members both at Richigun Ltats Collx Q9 and at tize Uni- versit, of Illinais. These re? comm3nd2tions ar; iih ends d to Re Haze ful to the instructor in agricultural engiaccring'who is rcsyonsible for soil a:1d water ccurszs, and is intem . ted in dev01027nQ laboratory material, equipment, and tacilitis s for improving the c.aructur of the \ C t:?5101!'.h;_j. ‘V I Indoor Laaoratory Equitmsnt and Ta Chlfl” kids 0 C firtSL t".-v.oi‘o (2227' "' ~2'n?—*‘;3,_ Eli-'7? --:—.'-., mud musics 11117688 visual aids have an important glues in teacaing, C arts in particular can he made from drawian, sketchss, uni ot zc:ru 1.21073", anti ouil ing a .i'a -721 pond, and by the 1’ 1'2tland Cement Asu:.2cintzio:1 0:1 1.2»u.'2.l;ling a t3'7.i-17.-eectien co .crcte £11239. Page 371:? 11347.3 Lam r3733 t.1e3 of we; 3 have a useful ;:.:l:;2.ce in every sail and meter Liboretory. One of the meet useful. thee of maps is the contour or t0;->o;,raphic map. Contour maps of areas used in problems are both helpful and time saving. If net available ti:e;,r 11;,“ be :31 le from surveys 33.739 by some of.“ the classes. Such nape are 1731731011.}...1713 useful in prev-idle; data for field. problcms. 7.273.011 not available for areas t'z'xet can be ins;.~ectod,c cmtour maps can still be aL. est equally useful ween need 33 the 178515 for doc-l :73 aeeigmd technical students. Az'zothcr form of may of e..pecla;l use in t' is field is ..he air-f.- loto. Cince the entire agriculi tau-7211 an a of the United .3733 325, has been air-mp:;ed, p 10 totgraphic mp3 0; an;.' 37,371cu..3u7.al area, my new be obtained though the £270: notion and liarketin; Adar-7. .nis. trati on, cmmty or state offices, or throuj'x the scil‘corze czvation (3137;3r'ict o £1003. Other ways ps3 ti Cu- larlg useful in planing for conservation are soil type maps, land use cape ility maps, arm topOJeghic maps pr perec‘i by the U17. ite 7d 3taues GeoloJ‘ical 3urvcy. rrofilo and cro; b-section aurwys prmide a good source 0:.- chi-ta for 2.11.. pmper ration of problems. ~210- A file of plans and: peci ‘c311013 tor successfully constructed and 0;: .gratin cons 3rvation structures are extremal; uscful for stqu '1» by students. For laboratory use, a su1f (lent nu3tc Dr 01‘ cor-w of the plans to be placed in the to d; of W3r; one or two stud nts, iS accessory tor most ei‘i‘ectiva tcaacm1in". ouch plans are ovailablo from Soil Conservation Sorvice enfii.eers 833 also from ovasultin¢ engin36rs and contr'ctors. Lovices for use with mops have a place in the lavoratorJ. folar planimetors are useful for determining areas of :atcr Sheds, irregplur fizlfia, contour strips, and in congutlng volumes of reo;rvoirs, and excavations. Storaoscopos can 3130 To ood.with matchcd pairs of air plmo as to study to m30 Japliy. Aor5Ct7turo1 h:firolo;w gone work with woo hur records and runoff stud13s is oifer d in most flepartwont . Collection aua uco of records from local weather stations, stream ,2 king siWat 033, and runoff pro- j’o cts can m3Ke such work more d 31inito and ayplica-lu. In song c3333 a class in hydrology.m3¢ not up a rain Ulwo and Koop records during the course. In such cla::es data com; ilod moy tolrou in Icy; rts 331d used 311 the next cours 3 in dcui;n of consorvat on structures. Dubois (12) suv :estcd till wr' czwi co in out iniog a couroo in agricultural hydrol O :57. ' ‘ "'J" ". '-v~." Q " '4 1' '1'3'.' - - -' """ ‘ ‘-"I:~. FN¢:S and_puj§ touts btgqloa o1 gumgs, ficYb1Luldrly two idlde capacity pumps, shoulé he inclufiod in conrzao involtilg drainaQG and irrigatlo . If pawns era in tall d in tto l:borato cry 9 pump efficiency totts may to mode a regular exerclsu. Loch touts serve to create. \ .2: ‘. .. .. . .: ,9 ,,.-.~:»_, ..c. .1 3 ... . ," ,3 .- .,-__ 2 mm: 31‘5’3313111233 of.” 09:3:"3 «331 v1 2.111113 3-1. ”o; I.» 31-13;; 9.33.: 1~ 111-3318 -27- for 9:55 1c iont Op ration. a?“lCl‘fl(J rating curves of :iffercnt Lumgs ray be used in connection tith :uch statics. rungs and cututay medc 15 int too ’riooratnzzr"r may be used to a good oflvantggo in.tcrlok mg tyycs of pumps. Sort with pong; usually involves c00poration Lith inotructorc in rural lcctrlxlc tic:1 and farm powcr. In t‘is way laboratory exercises involving ‘ow::r nc"surtmcnt and equicm;nt may be coordinate] and duplication avoided. An excollcnt rcfercr ca for use in 5+1”.-.3 pumps for irri3ation o onlly pr 9 red 0y Iv; 2n D. :.ood (35) s..011d be in tne lu;d5 of every instructor in t'is field. ficdols fiodels have been used fr quantly in tho plannjn3 and dcui3n of lar3e ta tor control struccur s and channels. In such cases scale m owls t‘e particular structure planned and cite ugon which it is to ba 'buth are constructed an& tested in tho Pynraulic laboratory. coil con- O i sorvation structures are generally too Small and uaefi in g nitLtias far too numerous to jumtify iniividual model tests; notaad toots ha"o boon mrée to develop 5,3:dard deci3no that are used reps: “teuly in V ofi old. Studyiny, analyzing, and peyuibly inpzovih two. structures is a function that may he aiortokon in any agricultural cn i:m oring deport— moat, thrt c 00533 to Lork with models. uv1WrollJ the moot sat-.3.afflictoz"r t};e of model 15th; L rtin3 no cl over or V rou . vhich caucr can be directed. It may be ouilt on any fir! "(‘3‘ .04 co.vcn1»nt economical sc lo of tho wrototggo. An: L5rtio 07 nor. tith moflclz rnqu res -1l11r1tytith lays of no ale, machaaicv of s: 111- tune, ani clmcn;1onnl analysis ta° ht in co TL s 13 u4VQHCCu h7rntlico or fluifi machag co. A brief Put clear discussion of t*is autgrcu 15 given in King, iicl r, and food? 3.ruo "Hyrnulics" (22]. .1uco gruV1- tutional £0 roe: prsdomioote in most Cogscruatlcn otrfifltfir;b, fr u;c's :- .- »— A. ,o- W‘-.: A. v 1‘. . I c ~“o 1- . J- -. I. . '—.". I 1.. - 0‘ ,' Law 833113;. inLo law Starts tudt T t26 route 01 t1.x U1 1 on tarou u I" the u do to tins of flow t r01 h tho yrotot5gc educls tlxoo sq lure root that is: :‘/Lr models may be used to: Wtu various t5lcs oft ill“- 3, of the lon3th ratio, Lr’ *9 1;,“ '5. 3 ,1 wrnLL.‘ 2 drop-inlets, drag spillwuf , fluwcu, made “n.c11 in the loboratory. In using thm a hydranl1c lat rotary is necessary for 33991313; the water uni 3150 For groviflifig devices for ficacurin3 the tics. A :ctailcd rdyort or a stulw of one type of mnfiol sgillaay couiu tad 1n the hydrau- lic lfi‘orct r; of the A riculfural 31;1néwr1n ‘h "'r- Ll .r‘ - l ~,-v I y- '0 " “~ JV"; ‘ ‘. u‘ .‘-‘ -' N » 5‘ - ’- "ar',"‘ . .1 cocce 001133», 1; grob11cmo Ln 3 ldtgr one L'n oi t_;c than} on I P ?’.—..'., .2 .f' .‘_..- . -_I.'_, . 0 ,, --. 5..., ....‘ .a ”1:. . .... _. 4 .c.1~1‘1‘i?.;.rl].8 | 0:“ (“0.1 .I‘JC 4.2370 0 7 ‘J‘." '. :‘-.'- _ id-) (-1 LS ....RliJ ..h. 23 CO}- L):- 'J—l uUuU'Jd .— ~ . ~: .O 9 A \. d. “ - ,- -" v a). . I y 7' . .r . - - Vn ' 1- s“. <- a c.r13us A13:31:.) cm 1n too pauto chf.lor's (to) worn "do -onc clta fl;- 6 I . Y O‘.¢ o . ’7‘. ' f. v ‘. . . . _n ‘ . ..‘ D: wood mo- c.L: co ‘nd it: cgrr VUTJIa', oat hweliln; ugd msr5lu- cc1ll , . - ,,,- p '. n.7,.” ,...-. .f. O '2 r. ...‘.j 0;... _,.-.-.. . .... ' . 'l C13. 1,79 t; .71 ..LC 0 J-=J.\1.'..JI.I-.—'l.i (2) SJ J8. ’ get} 11' '4, ’3. 7.3. .. 4:-..) «.5: n. . ',--h.'l COL-.49, £141.14." l - Jo ,--\ .. uo- -.' 9- v. 71". _.. Q ~ . 1-... . .--= . '0 . J- . .... -. I. . . 7, 8.3 .L 1C .. uv 01“ 1. 1.531-- (DJ—Cab Q J ..-LC) [fl-..' «IQ-1.1.1-11. .' {ZS Oti‘ub 12810211115; aff‘u'flft‘oc'l‘ . )3 {01‘to 5 o ‘. . . \ 01.11911 .2 ‘ ’3‘3 ' (tin \‘2 T" ‘. U v', . . 3‘ “g" .4 hm", ‘ 1" . ‘. - r w , . ‘.‘ ;. 1‘ '-,, . - ,'~ ~ lg, .52 w. Cit, .11” tr”: ;.o..-.I‘- -u dunll-EJ. «..'..‘fleiJuiO _‘.[1 LJOt-_ *;.‘.‘|;:,‘Lc.. {Ltd ' ‘ ‘ , . . .-‘ — . . -.. . Jr‘~ - o 1 rn~t: I 1 4 ("..' "- It Li's, C‘)’1."?. 3,}..51 i3 ..- '11‘4 {I 'jb’. LI) {loul kill»- “In Lillyl. (:.é.a./TKTU‘J 0.19 ..29... 1. E102 heated to ap5roximatc1y ESCOFahrgnheit, it can no 1.:eut er swayed'uith case. L} -';.;.<."...-L.5' 11.: 1350011 or 11:68.51). 9.: d _ I "‘ . 7. “...- Z '7 ' .- “ 1t can no Sauuu or u 1:1cu t can he wuldcd to;tt*ur‘witn a 101int to farm joint; Lint are i , .. 1. -. r .1 '. .-..-..._1 a .. .- . 1-1-. . .. ..- L 1. , L. ‘ «'33 St?!” 1"!“ 8“ 1.1.13 .IUti-zl‘ldl lbb'.f-t.1. u;!-... unit at“; “dual" uLJLbo :1va1'table fr01 “no man ?.ctur rs (a). H c+ 5.... (1} H C'" ,4. } firxctically unhr ska 13. If migtahcw are made in 5339113 it, it can a Ltufigd awn re» sLa ea or nclgca. 113:; princiza' 11111113111321 us, .1110 11):; cost, its twp 1051 to uui‘r 1121 or bond urfl-er low d3, a1} 133 :urf Ce w 10h can be mgde 05a5uc too a4111y witha d‘rafigiWH. For sma'l—scale nodal u1a, its dgvantréos make it the mogt 621M131HLC ory Namf mill curve tly ‘vaiia:le. Flans for structurcs to 18 studied mny he taxcn from tne stunu1rd plans of the mail Conservation ;3rv cc unuigcpriag gand100k (32) or it n p1833 0? Specific s.r11tarak uswd on college farm; or in 61:0n.trctions. A SWhll "mule c“ nuwl tor use ,3 m01913. Then a 5"u rnuiic l - tary is not availah1a for 10r11n; mo 01 atuQLQa, Shg firut atop should be thn ““"V‘r'“fi 01‘ a small acnla mate an; 1y. A snalL gum? and cirau- lat1n5 many? sup 1] fran a pupyly tghu or pump 13 usu1111y catlsigctory. Una of t a moat dvu1ruu1 unim for rovlfi‘n5 the "at<3r suplly and 0 - ~. . 1 ..-..,,....- ., , .V...~. .-;- j,.....'...,,‘..'.‘ .1. . , . ~ ,. '..-,--.. .—~ 3150 10r:r"‘ to Show the action of tile dra'uago in 3011 L Louisana State University by Robert L. Groom and doocrioed by him to the writer. (a) This model consists ofa LfiLG<2t ME tul tayk “1th an outlet through a Lection of 2-inch pL;)o placed at time bottom of tie tank. Fizu 1re 2 s ows tie Lo oral plan and dotaiio of such a tank. The second (a) In a lot-tr to tho \21"‘-.tr,Lonis A. Jone; of 8.8.2.011 Consolva tion service Research sug; sted 3n a1 out identical model. r__‘____ _ .— 4: - u .— ‘ _ _ _~ “>1 1 . ém- , F“! F‘ I l I , Window‘ ... ! ' I l ' H"; Sand filied funk 1": ‘ LJ LJ : ' l ' I Lu 1 c ......L' TE“ ’ “ “ ‘”" fig : T ' 2.“ Pipe and vulva 9 TOP VIEW 4!... -..- A W“ A ‘JLfl 7;. I O r Plexuqtos side f .for obscrvmq : dram/down of- : Wafer fable. 0 ' _I 5 'd 1 J g l 1 ”f ‘ 5 1 U - 9 , ‘ t -1 GI sheet? iank wH-h L. 3mn—/ corner suppori’s FRONT. VIEW Scale. I“: \‘--o“ P’\ODEL. TANK FOR STUDYING TILE ACTtON Fig. 23 -3u- fl. 3;“ P\exiq\aa‘ x ' v G I shes? "m , , PERSPECTWE i f I“! Vtfi: Us on- corner: DETIML OF TANK BOTTOM I q - . qspkoH' +QPQ seal l . ' N . fl . - Soidorui shad": l ; eurtap covomd ‘ iron canon“ ‘ ‘ J sawnd almosfi‘ hm ; ' ‘ J2. Io“x Io‘ plexigloa of 4-” inbrvab ‘ ' I Widdow ‘ ’7 ' 2.“ Pipe, [ g E ii ------ 2 EM ‘ FRONT . . " 3m: DETMLS or wmoow AND. Dwa- . Scale. I.“ '3 I'-o“ MODEL TANK FOR arruovmc. T’bLE- ACTION i A rad ia+or hdae and dumps f \ v 7- 'C't-H'-yv~ wqr- w o - “a; ....— drain at 3 1159.231“ level mpro :serz.!;s an 5.51m. b33331 .7321 Erma a drain-.340 depth demonst? ator chat E33 been described by haywell (18). nonnan (9) has used a ierger Stale model test tank to study the av urea; of a tile spacing for"“a . 01 it man ' er L3U33'33r plucci at regular tcrvals on the outside of the tank to 3333 the water lgvcl throughou the model. In the model u3cd a: a teas iv aid at Louisiana, the entlre face of the tank 13 3329 of flexiglasa Ii Plcx;1;lac 11.333 is 1003333 at the end immediately on 335 ide the lower pipe flrain. Both pipe; are to be sawed three-fourfihs t‘rough to simulat: tile joints within the tank and (1 have valves on 3.3 outl2: t 33ml . In nae the tank is filled with a J, clean, mafij3. sand to xithin an inch of the top. T} en ' at2:r i3 'Eied to the tank until it 1, filled to the sand surface thh gravitational water. Then a valve is oguned and the downward nave-en t of the water table acted at regular 'ntervals. 133 location at succesuive+ me intc:rvals can 9 racorucd.n-tn grease erg Ion on U10 rlexlglas faca until erl:lilibrium,13 333: bed. The window in the end can be used so observe the flow into the joints 0: the yipe. tuc- cessive runs can be made first with the higher pipe an; than vxith tLe lower one to (e.onxunau Ute ad a: are of a do per tile firain. Quanti- F‘ tive me abhr, 3:38 Og'wutcr can also be made br'we *unln‘ the mafier added .I to the sand and then twr :n off. The uae of 333d 33 a sail maturiLI makes the entire procacure poosiblfi thlln a 1333.3:oty period; h3"v;r tlore Q "‘ is no reason any mgr to MuuP03 3:113 . not he aged in tlu tank 11 a louver werio d of rulu2“e is acceptable, or if comparisons are to be made of drainage throngh diffc‘ont soil ngtcrials. A model 0: this Lyye should be usrf :1 in any 13? )2ratorJ in a. 0:2 tile drainage is FoTels 522222” sloge and Lo.o;“"*“ic featur 23 nor Kin toyoJl.JLlc models or relinf maps of terrace syste,22, con lotL'waLcr Lisp022l s~soams, I farm ponus 22:1 LaterL “ (‘ I \l 5... .0221 r2 2 , to which a if‘ ‘rjo "J H F P. 0; C.) it',‘ "(P H HI 6) a“ i ’1 CE! .3 , ' . . 2 '3- -. — ’ . '5 . ”2-,.“ ~- .r ‘ .' ... .-‘ 3‘ ’. . at ’e‘ - -,- 138'.“ USQ'i 13a .12? Lil“ 3.11.31.) 0 123..“ C2111 DC: KR.AMG Enuut 31.219132 fro}?! 8. L104: OJ. (.1 9. L... 222421 to ths topograth of the ‘roLo mys, or morq ,rul.-htl" fr: some I122L2o mcLerial t at is vaxtc .rproof or can be coated vi h a watwr— - T proof paint. if models are to 72 mwd' of an actual farm or drainage area, toporrapLic naps er” p.rt Lularl"1' pru . ulLvtt in m::un 2in2us topOgrayhy it is usually naceasafiy to use a vortinal scale SLvoral t'mos 5r22Lor Lth the horizontal in Grier to 3222 the 20:21 from aygoar~ 1:3 too flat. fi2infall asplicntions can he simula' ed witna 22 small irrigation 2022125 or even with a aegpor Lube drilled at intcrvals with small holes. Ellison's rainirop ap3;liCLtor (15) might also be used. The principle problem is usually uniformity of aleicaLion 22d prover rate to kcep t?2 modLl gructices from'hoing flooded. ”r2123 models to sumula LL :lots with diEPOrant crois and cover on soil and dcmongtrated with artific 121 ra.3fall can also he need "o" quite 8;;octively. 'Iilt 3g Llo‘s on "bich the slog: can he chafvpd as U“ prcvlous 1y 22 ;?2ned on yagg Elwuy also be useful, however their use ‘ ' - ’~ .9 . 0- ": r‘*r~ - ."r' 9- u, n- ‘ 5 call we Ll2m zed 2munm1lsLnL crofo ithzucL-rs who Llso -avo an 5 ' ,J..-_ , ..L ' 4.2.-- .‘23‘ -. . ..z lrL'U‘T/‘rctuv 1n on»? Enlifd' Ct C- E) "3.11 CFO?) hell. -37. vi ,,,--,_~_.___~A__ Fig. 3a.. Modal hm Pond. and Watcrahod. Pencil Shawn Preportionl. L Fig. 81:. Model with Du Renaud to Show Construction huturoa. Th1- nodel nu and. by B. I". Muirhoid, Extension Agricultural Engineer, Uninrlity of Illinois. 0“,». ,1- . , 7.1 ,1 .....w. ,.-..-,. ' ,. rs m. -. . . I” .5. f; L'1 - .1 t.- 'Ar'l‘rb lilz)‘-_',‘- :.1_ | ti . n.1, )il‘ C ’~" 1;.' if)?" L“ -_ _;_ ‘\(~~’- fwoO\-1KJ‘_}. S ‘\5; ‘:¢' ‘ EA Y‘J C'. [N ’:]::)t '-:(d U. I. *L ._____ .. ‘4 _. -. __M » ‘-... 7-. ... .. ..-“,5. . . .21 .. ..- ‘1 . - 1 .. . 5 .4. ... , --,. 1..., ,. to co 51355151u1 fl b0 anon nork1n5 parts “a? cornur1ct1on 5150 w5ve 1 in‘ortrnt ”mnct1on. 5 model farm pond ~Zte not name t5 hold .5tor ut D; with a r mova'le d:27 v~~*‘fi tfie locat'oo of care tr5503, Léingr an pipe for zivo took nutorih .3, p1pe drop-iniat, 1nd “con_55d5d 5155 515:0; on 5&3 man in gioturod in Figure 3 . Gt"5r oxuhLlcq 150:"ie drop 5plllua as 5*own in Figure ‘1, lzaouri flu505, uni 15 0555 51; 55;_lo— 555551 1rrlgzt1on 5J5tgms u5;rr quick-coupliaé, fortabiu 1155, end U Q Syr :L‘Wl i elattur Cun heu ed to i.Jl uwtn ’ euatuwis of oyaration and moving latarals. Outdoor Laboratory flork Outdoor loxrrat)ry ex rci5rs have an 15501tant 51500 15 no Ply all cour155. In mont ca5o much of t5e work can be 7955 on collage lanfi eit3nr cor.troiicd by tho 3 ricultnral 555 nearing 5*) rt 5 t or by otfi r depgrq.1n1 in a J'Tic ltur Field triys or actual layout work on pr ivatelj oxnad .a.m5 ma; often he doairabie, 2h:n pretvr cooperation can Ye arranged. Gsncrally thur‘ are four fi'mi Grant t 155 of fluid nork .‘ "'n' - v '1. ‘. ’ ‘ . in I L O! M..It's' . v ‘\ “ a .! twat 555 be La1rxud out 1n la1oza.orlos. 155d lociudo: 541 3m,11, an“ 3' ‘3 "3 .‘1 ..’ .'.0. - fl. . -:v 5w 09.r55lon o1 JQUJy- la out wo-k, C”1T tr‘m on, £1011 tr‘ga or tour, meat alreafl; ‘natalled, burvegs constitute an interesting and worthw;ile tgye of work if J desicnad to aifl in solvin; real orpblems. Even the service 0 RFS" I- J $ for a rinnliu*al 5:1 nt; who have and no UTUVi us traininr in 2.5r- _ 3 . J vvjing, cu be organized to perform 91.2(1555 of a practical nature. 7’ , __ ...1 Pi". be So 01 brop Cpilluag. Scale on inch~equals one foot. This 555 grcpored by 553 author as a teaching aid. - fi Fig. Mb Eodcl with $5113 Removed to ;hox bteps in ConstructLon. out wutorna'e, terrugce, a11 1ru-n5, and locatin1 0..) lounxlt on, can he u51.1d to practice uue of inetru11rtb. 1tudfints who haves ‘ Mu.io-i curva"‘n any he egro.ted to 60 more advench survovs, crvfiio, c1.,5~51c ion, 1-1 location SQFVOJS, and topoirgphic :2pp1n as required in tie exocut ion of ficld prob Ml‘ms, an; collection of GLta for pr~blom5. L1H; instructor5 yrofer to u5e actual Gate from such surva,s as txe yacis for problcmo of tqdroiogy, dos’gfi, locat'on, 39} construction. Several uepartncnts tbet Have con— trol 0:“ 1.11111 &Ct‘lf-lllj 111;;1111t111ct torraosxs or 111; ti} .1 3.111 115i1 111; a regular exérciee. Ctkors plan anfl 31p rvise S'.‘.Ch wc1k 0:1 13rivato farms. Field trig: are usuul'J beet planned hith extunolon 9.5‘noer5, swil cansorVut‘oniets, county BQCUtQ, or other fioli workers. For moat efficient an effective uce of time on ouch fiyld tries and tozrs, the instructor 5 ould alwuvs go over th: route a few dgys in advance. The adi- vaIue o? a prov1i9W'o? the trip and a map of the route with steps cated is graat1r than some inutructors realia . Another valuable aid "I" in raking fi-salI trips most leect ive '5 to have the lani owner or Opera- tor on hen} to relate first hzanie exp: riesces and to answer que tione. .r "‘ en t‘9 farm r is not availahlo an thor local “arn1r, for or impIe a m fiber 0’ tfie county soil 0015 rvat on district board, to; to a great aid on such a trip. A well planned anfi confluctod tour is probatly worth more than any report that may 1e reqairzd of tie studsnts follou'ng the trip- In adiition to tr:p:1 to 0 Serve work on farms, stud; of soil con- servation ro5omrch stat one, re eerch waters .1ods, ani rxlatoa rOSearch F ‘ .. r .1,‘ _ - a I ‘_ .- o ' .1 O N.‘ _~ . 0 ‘0 .- Q‘ '._‘ : ‘ . . ’1‘ ‘ ..‘. Can be 4225 morn QL.‘Cthe y flelq tr;,; to 315,t Lfic {LOJUCL . 2- Dr V 7 h' - ' . - ,‘\ 0“ h R.~ . s ' '- ' ‘ . .- 0 ~.‘ ' - '3. o\ ‘- H -L ‘ word can 03 moui a 2Gutlfmlj planiu 2 hi c .nru bore, bubh a2 wcl; '. \ -- A ’3 ‘- -. ~. s dILJIuF& a.» 2112rb. Prdbatly the moat effective m't;od of tuacéing irrigation 0;.rgtion, is to act-11211; operaf‘a a cyst-‘11: (iii-rim; a [.-1:x3:~:1?~’)*';r f"~r3'.c"3. 17.12; can he 53v~ quitc chLCJ.v 3v wiuh a puwp system, using quick—r0“ Ling portghlo p ,0, and “*r21Ll '.. A systcm used on on '>;e lnvi can agrve tiis para pose 23 mill m3 its r:;uiar ,'ace in tT; £“C:, n program. Other opera- tiCfis ,“1t 32¢ 2 Icarhté "9‘ 1y fzelfl 3x3 riefice "r’L2iV sthxrn V gpbkn; and c2cckingc Mt? ct :3 wi;*‘e in 3205‘:S'. A. ttsr t,xe of report or study ruquimefi 5y some ingtruc‘ors in- volvcs work ca home furns or 1n hone communities. bhon such aaoign"vnts are 2232, care must he tsk,1 to locabe war, 1002113: tha t be mi me by these stuaents w20 are fr W ‘“n cit. an' do not iave accr, as to a farm. Swmmrj of hccoxz'nvnd i 1. A gogd fiie of CL.L22, FPCtOJTWTTiC cr‘-r3 2-3 LlidCS K‘mu'4 Po devulOTeCo 2. A collectien of contour, 5011 wk... 7"? .. ..."..a \,, ’ ‘A 4,48 1 u.) areas to 0 st: :0“Ld 10 collect .cd. Laboratory -' g" u-.. yJ-f A Cdldruu 212$ , and Roma- .3- ’4' otos of +-,~.,.~ J and air i I‘. ~ v -~- P \ 9 ‘~‘ . . -‘ . . ‘- D s . I ~ —~ ‘ r o 2:3't mo 1" C; upaczfxc :r-ct1c02 Ur op ref <25 3 d be :‘:d t .--.-», 1.—._ ..~'« :m ..‘.- .--‘ 71...“...1: WM! 0 ' I" . '-/m(,-..tJ V .s)|]~.¢v., \ .o 3.4.: P} ‘J:_ #33201“, ‘9' . .\, .. ‘3‘. .._ \A. . ..‘. 3 -.. ,v ‘ \ ,-~.‘ - -- . ‘ . f.‘ '— ~r, . xx ‘- _ r . -? ‘ “ ‘ 1‘ -. L. horand KOGuiS gr f2ra 1y 0; trtfih'uzunu leZiLC 2 0.1» to 42r2d 10 11 Yu‘tcate structures pr' a ...._. ~,--'.,. . ~..~.. . .. .:... _.-_, . z: . “.1 5o .11 aw‘z‘unn 1111.7111110 $011131?» at"; 11m ,,:1v"‘.1.L1.l.. ..'cr as; ~.—'. 3.. ‘. .' '1 ‘3. ...—'F..,, —' ' , 4...‘ .L - J. . 1. .~~ . ‘. ..'. ..‘!) fly. “1 . tutu mogul . a ..‘. (1211.171 .; 1.1111,..3 my; , a 12.3 1.11.1.1», 11:11.1. ”1? 1, u-. 2 ..’“ --.v- -‘ .A I“ u - '. ~.‘ " fl ... -- '1 I. 1-. -‘ a A '--k . m. x -‘ ‘. 2‘1-.. 3.1.23 w _, 1:1. 1,”: 115m, (2-1.1 1c H51. ..-1 1p 9&1 Jed-1-1.1:» 9.: t1; tue cyan- - ,1. ,1‘ .- .3 ... J.‘. .. T'...2_ - --;. . ‘ -..,. .I. :4. :1 1.1. "‘| up]. -.vt;lo.;-:1i_. “t. ugh; t“Li.LJ~.;I‘:;,T.‘.,.‘;,/' of ... .111.,.::)c)..:..., ..p. rx‘a‘luzzon‘: 113.113 J ..'” 'Y I . ~- D O Q - :z1r:“r::‘:l lc ‘ 3110311" 1-11: '1 I! . .L . 1.1.1.1- ...-1- 1 . '»-.-.... ... "An-'1 U. A uf” '4 1'30 1’31 n thi 11 $15.13 E's". ,‘LLZ‘E.’ to n...“ .‘c .132 1. )1; O1 gilt.) 1.; 1:31 a J. 7 r ‘ ..J 5 . -1 ‘ .- . ,- ,‘ 1.. ... a QC.":_-;n l j\) ‘: (,4 .331 1.).C3 :.z:Y.-‘ .1 .LLfi ', ivr'y": #dLJQ 1. m , . - ,4- .n g ' gt m ‘ ~ ., - 1 ... fl _ ‘- ; 1 .k ‘ . ‘ . , _ ’ Th ' '- . Q 7. k .1“ - ‘ 'f 0: 1C C‘- 7h— .1— L:.. -.‘ L a 1.:- s.‘ ‘ ‘II ’1 . Ur.1* 5: O 1 .3‘1‘ -'. ‘1'!) ‘19 1.“ A ..J L. 3 9 o a o I -‘ -, -. , 5 . - . ‘ - -\ my . - ‘« ° 11 - -v ‘M- '1 ' 'X “1' - a ; rssv ‘ _ 3- n”: ' 1' \ J. 1 o~a 1 \‘ U- k' .1 ‘~L \7’ (-1,. L(4 iL‘l L K: L‘ILA. ‘.c-- J. k 73.51 .0 r"1'_1\4. +.!._‘ :“ Ate ‘,‘; . b no I 3 ‘ g ‘ s p y 4“ n c 3 ' .'.~-'-vu .- ‘. 4- - --~~ vs '1 n v» - 79,-, ‘J. U‘l' - 1 '1'. t -J Jr. 3; I: ‘(J 1.2} tL) : - ‘31.? *‘3‘- KI‘TJ- ,. ...-J- €0,1b v1 '.€ctlo’1 (vi-‘3x4 ': s ... ' ..1 ‘5 ’. 1 9". 9. ' ~b“! .....3v ‘9. ... . ... ~.~'- ..u-V . 9o ~.t:-.-.‘-.1<.-1.:2 cf 1' 21m} 9 "1p P‘r (1.11“ ("1‘17 1.1“; 911-» ‘1: «am .4134; 1n n 40 r n 1 .- . v ,. pl. -\ . c o o- ‘3‘ r- r‘. 1-“ 'v ‘ \ I ‘4 .111 11mm x111; :.31.11'v«,,;; -31. thfi. 1132.3 :31 ~.-ull.1 be :, Lgt up :.55 ‘. r “- 0‘ L: I 7"} '. 1 ‘. "-‘ - I L. L...rp FL;\ ’I - to wave y: a? C11 dyXlLCutEUVD rd454r u'an umucry alone. pd . ‘7-7~C. ’ 1 v'.‘ J-L “M h ‘ '1 o ‘ '1» “ya r. : ~‘m :1 1 . v; 7‘ 1-;1. 1113.11 . .- < r v. - - \" v u - -,v a, l]- O 4W?» Li" .. I \-'.'(.J 1.3 LAJ I ; A (L) ‘1. , .‘21 .IV .; I (, ..'. l V 3.7:)! N" 4.1 S'.- 3 ‘3 C4 -- u‘ 13 H I“. . * 1 KJ. 13 H CL *‘1 ,J A -9 ’u *5 t...“ .o__ $_ . ..‘ , .....L . ""9 .1 ,-_‘,}r' n "3" 1; .. 1-: .4 _. - . 1”.“th ‘r r 1 be Ln 1‘; . 8433-? «“131 hilt “V ‘.‘ - ’ vn~-‘- “-5 1 ~.,~ ‘ -‘ ' 1" n ammnce far ,1 :.v.,;_.+. eg'.er.t-..,1e me 0. two. YIl‘E LILOP-I::L: I‘T .u‘NJLLU TQLm In order to become fa .iliur with 13".:3 2.3.) of 11101.31 5"udios the 33111322120 noted a 001135. a 0:.” the time on 4.31.5-.. 212033.313 to the 0.3.:32'32'220141011 and ’00:": 121;: 0:” a mo 01 or) :1 53.23.3131 22.2-52.1 oo.;:;-.3_:vatlon sfiructxu'e. ‘1‘} to lexi (3.1213 {210191 132129 dror '2'2-5. .1613 22-..”: 133:2}: w- maria up for the to: 2:5 and z . ic‘... ' an Stow €011.39 .3 for £1213 ure 2»? are r: It.) med in 132::31aborrzt 31:; at 013:3: work. The genera]. 0133.3:c‘ij-es 0!.” 4.3"" .3 w 0:": may '; e 23".:2tm'3 '12; 301103213: 1. To (1:31:20 .3112: {3.2 the 2.2.530 0:.” 2.32313; ::~; 23.0130] 101' class 1 012'; 2. To ”0:300:39 familiar with the :1 :3 of” 91:3 tics as a motor 31 for 1:20:3015. 3. To stud-Ur in (Io-tail tie 02).:z'ation 032' the 1.:poh'op—13110t. The pipe drop-inlet was. chosen because it is a commnly used tu'le 5.1111233"; for f 3:1: ponds, and also E.ecau.~..~3 tin; 8:: 2101322129 gnsr'forms under "rwo ci-i:.2t.?.nct flow conditions, weir flow and pipe flow. Eigflipfle'fl‘b 1" or Tests Tine drop inlet, reinforced concrete box tw'ye inlet}. for 8" to 1.5" 131162 or t.21:2.~3,:§2raw11225 nm:23.1:-.'.-r 3—L-133'316 (32) 2.3.25 12:30:31 as a prototype for a model riser 0:: a scale of 1 to 12 (0'10 inch 0 .31.; one foot). The Iii—inch 1:231:12. d1: 23.2 ...31' 1132:2312 +32” 20 3:2... 13‘02 conri-'”:02.'.3d t‘. 1.2 model of a 15 inch pipe 21.: ’67:; prof, uygleg T'g. S. The ”mend over the 5.221.313 was proviftocl in 3 532.2221]. skeet iron tam-2, or head tank. This tank was 221' do up in +3225: Aggy-”:c 21:22:12.1 J.‘.§:“:_21"‘C.-Z'I‘f.i‘:g Research 0 La’r:omtr2r~z capacialiy for 232;.) 0-.“ "r0; 54.10:. Inc-3.0.1.3. The details 02’" its ...hh- 3:1. # . 9. . -Wli n W % . fin _ a... .uQCJO 2.3.3.336. $3023.53. . an A; r . g 11!: . - “ ..N 'w« IA 2m v1.4 :0... v ..o\_ 0:30 I- II xi.) >43445W OZOfl. {NEE wé mQ>IrOPONru no NOD . II 01/ x \ .2 . W/ \ \ \ f.-,,¢l)$“ / 5 LI. I fr'I. x)! .L {1‘ IV 1 I lit. ./ I‘...I|\|llll\r ,,. IIIIIII 3"I"ll'\ 1" ‘litrI! Fig. 5 A ~h-w-d- ‘~-‘. coma; traction are sham 1n Figu‘e 6 . It. is;- 1:1::~::.n1‘1;od on an angle iron from-.3 over the inflow c'z-11.a:11£1:cr of 137-8 1.1311111) 1.1le to“: in t- e 1:, raulic VJ laboratory. T711113 labor-211'.on is so arrangod as to 53.2.1321: recirculation of odor from a 123001.111 taint on the baz'smnout floor lo .101 1.21.13.11.13] below a vex tic :11 turbine o w; by 2133808 01' a group. Flow was provided b"; mans pump 111311.13 d to d 3c 5111513 2511 {51110.3 per 1.11.311- at a 22 foot 1-31.11, manu- factured by A. 1?. Cool-.7, inc" m~..To:.ce 11:15, Inn: 13113. l‘he flow from he 11;.) or tacit r311; be 1:1oa:.mrod by mean; of a book 5 and a 90° trian5111ar weir 11:31.3.ch Gloom 5oz; tZ-lrcu-J. 3:.1.ooou-’ilo1v:.nzi ~ (\ of tho uP'll:~"-11‘ '"111112 into the lower tamz. 1.7.3 1‘15. 7 1.1.41: 315. o. T‘ o 113.3131 3' cad 1.313; fraxv is so on - utmctod as to 09 Operate d at two (3' chrcnt 11.7117le3. '1'3110 laser 1305;111:011 permits 093113134011 with the model 1911.12 outlet 8 31317121113311 in 11.1.0 131*; . took; 1.11:; i-J.or poo-it' .on, hold by 2" 1: L1" wooden blocks on ezrzgr 3, 1 1117111313 or»; :rat. :1 of to 21.10.10]. with a frca pipe outlet above fiho wator lcVol. Procedure i):'1-.f.£'er.2:1oos 11.1 olevotfi. on 0.1 11.31:: toad tum: rigs, 0111.51. of the model drop-11111311., zero position 0:. the ho<;~l{-;_1;-:z go 31.. =. the 90°tr1'312511111-1r weir, and th 9 center of ti 9 0111.11 at 0:131 of fake tube of tie mart-Sol, woro measured 1m 1211 .51 3111111.. .or's .pv lovol ..nd 10.1. ..'.e stage or tm‘or l ave]. in the .-. V.” head 13:11:11 :33 1110.33.2er by. 11.11.13 of a mo :?.n1~..t's square from the tank rim, 3 23101.11 in 21511113 9. A point. 551,33 or hook 5.250 170.15: be more accurate on: 5‘01le be providod for future 11.313 of t? :1: 13013.01. The 1-1.15ulzzr boo}: ago was used to :'>:.-2.'.1s1:r¢: t‘e 1.1.1.1518 in the 1.11.1150 ”53:21: and, in the La G VCH/fi‘ In wire. wmsk I i 9-" ...-u- ...—--. m- -pmwfla~ -b‘ ...M ' G; akcer mug l WIH" lappad Q. soldered comers. -. _- - «... —u .- I I ! 0 2A." 14---. A 3105 Vxew TANK m Lowem cosmow oz." . "- -—-——--— -..- .....— -- - .--._.___,1 5 afmovnb‘e. 2’24: b‘ocksé I?! o \ower head hank. :3 IN, \ Hanqars on N: x. chm 3f inrqc. {Punk ‘i 4 h ‘ rimo-F --*...~__.—-.._.._--4 .. ‘...._‘_.-. ..-..- {"iuw’m‘ r--- .-_._._..-m~... v-fl’c—q- __ _ ~Y-c'v—3'T'Z—L—J' trrrtxrr-z: rf't’7~ v:- L ‘0 .’qe' I . _ Iron supports ...)” 9t91 ‘94:}. . ..Ef‘..° “7 09 MM}: +Ofik END V\Ew - TANK m HaeH Pom-nova HEAD TANK F052 USE:- OF MODE-L. SQQ‘O l/8" a I“ Fig. 6 )7...— - v -'—.’-—'~. 0 J" ' f In A' * -,— '-I - FVIL ‘2 '~ « - ‘ , AC 1100!. Dal-f3 uO dbu’gf‘fl 110 We: ., 4...: 5-5;} — n . - rL-u ' Largo game. Fig. 8 Tue 90 degree triangimlur weir oparutin'r ..o. , b wage. atalow &' ~50- same measurement, the stage flowing over the triangular weir. These measurements were used to calculate the following dimensions applied to the model: H, the head over the lip of the inlet; Ht’ the total head or difference in elevaton between the he (water in the head tank and the tail water or water level in the large tank, as measured by the hook gebe. Flow into the tank waeprovided by the large Cook turbine pump. In operation the pimp me started with the gate valve closed. Then the valve was Opened Just enough to produce a low flow over the drop- inlot model. The gravel baffle was not entirely effective in checking; surging especially when the flow dropped from the pipe into the head tank. As the flow thread! the inlet continued readings on the stage in the head tank, and in the main tank by the hook @ge, t. 637 were taken at three to five minute intervals until the water level in the main tank reached a constant level. At t‘ is point uniform flow over the triangular weir was also atteimdo After equilibrium was reached at the first flow condition and msurenents made, the gate valve was: opened slightly wider to increase flow, and mxsuremente again made until steady flour over the outlet weir was againreached. Five or six stages of flow were measured until the head tank was completely filled. See Fig. 10. This process was followed in four runs under the following test conditions: A. h‘o headuall on the downstream side 0:" the box inlet and outlet on the pipe submerged. tee Fig. 11. fl on in model. .U‘ no - -\~1 1'- 0 ‘7 «'1 I o " 'f ‘ ' ‘ I9 ~ 5L3. ll -—"v“3‘l .'..J..‘J"' V J ‘4... .L' C ' “9‘1 can To seen 1 '-& .~ I'i “. 12 Love :E‘lcm' over inlet nit?) ranch-.311 in place. neir ...‘(J “ 4.- ‘. . .1....‘ . . ‘ H, '7 ..L LiUoI (Ab‘dllllg val “Ll-GU. '7 7. 1-1., L 3 .‘ ., A ..-.'~ 1.. n 1.1.. ...!. .. --.-.1‘ L‘. LUECEGJJ]- O 1 U:‘;3 LG} 113-331.: :31"! (111.1.5‘391 ah. 1.11.0 {Aye bill”: :I UL 21. ‘ .- - . u ‘ .. ' O.» ,-- ‘ 0. -. *‘z + 1‘ 'L“ ‘ -- '9' -- ' I" ’ L. 10 renewal1 on the no : 1niot an; outlLL 01 L13 L1Lu 1rL3 or . .‘ ~‘ I- -. ,‘ -.- v\ . -. -.A‘ -‘~. 1 ' o; L.bc.anUL g 13 LLe air. '1‘. 1 Fa ‘. .-. " ‘1 .1. .‘ L '. -, .-‘I .2. f... .‘ ‘11. ' 4. 5-,... 2-"- r). 1.. --'Jg. .11.;11. C .' L-;’..‘.' ”0.1.. 5.33.31: 1.’ '- O‘iv‘a...1‘£'u 1.5.1.26. .’. 'LL). 1.. . A-cr. ' ...- . E, - . L. --. 9-: 1 n u “ . e 2 - a \ Wvu‘i v‘ ' ‘:' ' '1' ' 11111, t1e tOLLe 31L1Li on CWV' Llene up?» 3L18 t0 muJCCu :UCh .....1 ..,. . 4.1. ., “v.1...” 3. A ,7, .-... ....- .1 . _‘ f9 r‘fc du 11 ‘9 5131' 141;; We tWT‘JI-lu‘] LA") L’Ju'”, 5hr 1.....16“ ..x ... .... .1. " ' .1 . '1 ' ..‘ .Lt - marge: 113L13r OVUT L13 L31: cr3oo, p013t at Lr.c. L39 nauLos can v3: ,ed 0 and tfie ELK was filled, We at at which the ; iLL‘ ii de 1'311, 331 t e I V‘ ‘ v“ I” V \‘n ' .’ " . 1“ .W‘ '41-. I '0'. '3“! "\ ‘ \ ‘ -‘ov-1 q occurleflce o- a 301t3x an tn; 1nlo« LW1L 11d L1tLLuL the he LL311. \ J ipeclal attnntiou are Lire-n to detect the sziun hand defined by fies lLr (Cu) 3; the stag? ov‘r tie crn t of the hex at 3 ion E3 flow 1‘33505 from.weir flog to pipe flow. The slope of tbe pipe on two mo 31, 15_ * :rce 3t, MUS 13r10311y con- structed greater tha1 t13 ma:€1mum recommenfiod slope as s 0 1n 121 the 5C8 Re~ir.al L151n1—.._...___—._..>‘4 . A , . ‘ . . . t u ‘ . . ....— ... .- Fig). 13 .l s p ‘ i-.- E. . .fi B i- i L, w . “/Lr A _ _ H _ .3... L _ .4 r X170 Ivuclll'iT ”WWI I lifnrfl. Aw _ J. h .. H . .. .w s m w _ 7%,; _ 7 5“,. 4” ‘eumumm. FR. . l A l? I I 1017! 3.x- nlll+ . .II .«| ,Ill‘. .11 «0| .-1- vI‘Yl llllclu. ,9! F .15 r» ll! - A ‘ [’1 r Ilflbfllolll Ito-[III i. _ M M m A H +17 m H fl :5 3......” _ 3m _- .YIL r! W L . 7.3w _ L g L _.,..,.-U, MMEWT W , M m M .r a w C R T f - ., _ h‘ ‘* _ _, ._ A? Ill/.-.L .. H u M , ,..,, a .INISK“ . . . g _ . I; .-i x :4- iris-TI.- , .1431--- 13.. J. i ‘ 9 h wimfik-‘mm n17»- litikR m m Aw n x, . m . . 1/}. . “gm .1; y, vgo UEAQFT .‘Ej fl 5}” _ L. _ RWY, _. a M {Ma .3m_ + N a ,_ , 4 v «1 .ij A . _ ..iWHLHfi d. . g . M Q N . _. ‘ 47f; . .5“. ..‘ .H m “m RUPWWHBW 4. ..35 ,- AI. in- _ 3. W 1», «£5. . . Hf ie M . l m 4&1}. 4. ‘ Way, 1 H ‘ _. w .....le . ‘ . . ... . _ ..... H .m 1, m 1 N ... .u . Jr “21}? . .. .... H. ..‘” . . H ;3 U 1*“) ALILN ....mfi. my HA .....u -‘_ .. Q N. .. H . , .. ,_..,7.r., .. ,.. x, E .E m . .70 II + ”i .T ,3; w t1 M . .r illlRfL. M. _ ....»x :17; ..‘ .4 _ . .13 2.: Q_ m. R O. .07 H: O mun. z. mwdtruwwo .o; ' ,02.S.r.._- J .57... \ s;ow n3 rirvd nol°0"“'hj *‘“6"33, tbs sgtc. iLis cozxdiii.n 3P{lios only when five flow covfiitiOWS exiut 33d: 15 flow in cfs 15 pipe cr035—33ction in square foot t q is total read at equals head 10:3 at +he tgwa or ‘rn*3ition 6 equals head 10 3 at the e;1trance guals head loss at the cutl3t .. " -. ”r ' ' " - '.. '... 1’ \.‘ .3 . '-, 3- ~. _‘ '- . fl - fL ea3zl3 1r Linn 1053 1“ fig; 333. $3 inc Durc;- OLE gch lormula. T}:e do? if m head at which the action of the modcl ChQHQCd from weir flow to pipe flow was quite evident, 03h by $10 flow ac333rx.3nua 3nd from o 3arvc-*on' that a ova that point an incroa,3 of inflow cau33d a rapid ricc in bend over the inlet. It the locvr eta CS éurir; weir flow considerable air flGW'was ob- served throu3fi the pipe in bubbles with the outlct .Aw'w'wy1 With the free on 13+ this condition was even more pronounced as slugs of air bub 103 are pd throujh the tube rhythvicolly. As the box filled and the 333i3n hm Md'xas rauchod, this s‘v:ing of azir ccascd rather abruptly. A little air continued to flow turough the p'.pe from a vortex wizich occurrad ir+~"'w t n1;l ov r hie bm This vortex seemed as pro;ounced on +36 box it: the {cafiwall in place a; Ktfi it r;mrved. (a) _4_AA _‘_ A ‘— ——-— w (3) During tests the bealwall was r3 2 Jed while c-znsra znt inflow occur» rcfl.'1'tr t%c:c c*"n es the $3339 over two inlet remained pract;cally cons taut ~nd the occurrence of the vortex r33 ined much the same. -- 0 ..'/I).- $4 5 I —. . I. - 1’. ~a‘ ~ 1 . 11‘ ,. ,1 a A... ‘. gr ‘ Jol- ..‘ -¢.J . I .~ C. ~, :1 11.153 111*:11'33‘1'; 3.511105. 0'; all 5.0-.1' {iv-'5»; ...": 1.1113 .1l4’1'1(..& u.L.;1{ um; 0101"- '.. '. . ,.. .Lv . LN, . __‘_. '.- flow 1‘.-. v11 13*"4‘1'; DO 1.. .1333 v.1U 1.10 117.11. 10:1? Flt)”. -..:. i migd 0.01' t 1:) .Jl‘ldlLfl-i-Ltr .2 . . ,. ,_.l...,,‘.' ‘ .. ...- I... 1 ,.., -. :- .,,. ,, .. .11.: j. e 1 1° 1.21:. a anally 31.10-31‘ t. .3... tie 1117.. t .1 0.1911 tuc 1.0.181. m'v- ' .- ’ '.. '1 «I‘- 3 .7 1": \ .‘ 1%. -'~ .-, .“ -' O“— - . '2 i410 (1.1.;3‘.’ 1 1ruifi—‘12' JL‘ACA 1; 2111101101. 4-11:)8 ’1 AT. 9 u: &\)i‘.n bT-J AvAJLCuJ-ldr in I‘d—g. 1 h . 1 r-- r “a VI Tit-TS TITE} PIP; DROP-INLET 1.0111. _ :1 ii‘. {‘2 ‘ £013 _i:11;:1.-.~33 fuct ci‘s A 0.502 0.0b7 10.07 .89 0.015 2.331a) 6.0 0.10' 0.039 9.90 .8' .023 2.61 12.5 0.331 0.071 9.8’ .02 .031 0.5031b) 15.5 2.109 0.175 11.02 .“2 .635 0.53;; 17.5 1),.le UQLjUg 13.59 1.13 001.11 0.333 20.5 B 0.5L2 0.017 10.21 .as 0.013 2.52 0.5 0.710 0.005 9.90 .03 .02' 3.02 12.5 1.000 0.083 9.90 .03 .033 0.532 10.5 2.031 0.109 10.91 .91 .035 0.530 17.5 3.230 0.25 12.1 1.01 .033 0.532 19.0 .812 0.102 13.59 1.13 .011' 0.555 20.5 v.— (a) The valuea grgrater than unity for C alt-ova 1.“: be consic‘zered as c001 f1c 11:21:35 .-. or I'Cir flaw: Q = 0103/3 (b) Tue coufi'icients for ,'_,I",'11:331“ discharges rcpt-13:50:11; the pipe flow canditim cx;r:ss-3d by the equu‘fiti on: C5308 /2;§h Table VI Can't. m «...- -...\wwu b. q i ‘. ‘ 1 __.. wfi .--.-- __._. i.-. ‘-- _..__,. J: ? r ‘: i i ,- % . \ g 2 : t 1‘ 4...”... I f ‘ § : s l _ L l ? f i to i \ ,0! _ ’Q: FLOW m cueuc F'BET PEESECON'D msc HAQEEJHQU MODEL WITH wn'HouT HEAOWALL. OUTLQT. OZ. buovs Fublh £3 Rota ..«L- . ” .04 431- I i ; i G Tts-r. C WH’HOUT HEADWALt. /-Z‘,_ ..A- T3313 0.. WWH _ _,“ g . ! 1 I 1 “Q; Fww m we“; ran PER Sacou'o lei. ' .._“..M...“ .._ _,._.._ 2“} g I E, ‘ J L— r—-—————- —————- . a..- ~—--~ --——— » ~ —~— - - « ~ Vin-4 ‘ Z 3 H '. I 1 fl. 0 U 014+ 4;. .. - - - h, I- s o If I o 1’ < 9! 1| - run. 31%.“-.. -..—~- H... - H 1 J «I 1 E *- f > o O F1110; < V” - : I { l o L A L L I .oo .02. .03 04- 1. I DtSCHARGE, THRU MODEL. wvrn ‘wn'nwr HEADWALL QUIt-E'F. FREE Fig. 15 If q. ..‘-1... 3 ratio 15 ex“rooood as: «i . a- . :Lg £- Tr (3) .4: U 7—. gy-Froudo's Law of 3' 1milfiude: Then: 5.35" H H II H q *{ua a [N I, Lo f '\ ” this eqlation (6) value: for Qp‘woroc cal ulatofl or all the 7‘0 model te¢ta. The vnlxcs for the d‘vcuarno of th. prototgpe dotorainod in this nannor chock values for discharge of the full size struct “e te?:on from tfio Fagional Lag nearing Ha nfl oak (32) wmi ETL :5 percent. Conclusions from Lodel Toots 1. Ion flow 0c urs as a function of H,t a 0:; t oycr t o inlet. 'ulo is “rofarlg ' aed weir flow. 2. Ei;H flow costxrs as a function of Hfi or the total head between the Logdrntor level lrz‘ thP o‘tl t or 1:1 Taflcr l V31. 3. The caguclty o? tFG 313a drop-lnl t oucnrs ;n.otloull sure witn or ml,hvmu th fia.&rrll. Aggureatlg the flow through the strictures is controlled by the pipe rather than :70 larger 3307:. \2‘1 0 1. 2. 3. 5. m.‘ “'2 r\r~ n ' n- 1 r1” 'I Q- r -....0 1.3.10 31.7.73 311-- on a 1.3,; clue 1.1 (12" “J76. 11113;. the 511333 0273:“ 4.2.23 crest cq 13.15 ‘I'.i_';c.: flint: gipc (1137.1;th , 5331;} Fat-1d 333;; '.2:1«:-'e.z;~'.;«,;.‘: (Soy-Lb (:30:- 1;'-*13 " 71*. :t‘, ' J ..‘-1 the outlet sumacr;,‘ed 3mm (m inch or .3 (“aw-.33 3: (‘ 1‘05..- 1 1 Ci; pm: a; . 3333.- "'1 T1: ::3 is mmt 131;. ifaxgm in 33313;) (21‘ :33 (hog-4.1101; 5p}- L1'.’~.'.°‘,'.'. finch 31.13111; re" chm-313i .;13:.i._,;;;..ui to quanta at or 2133:" (130’. “- 10.1, 11‘: 11 t1: csvmnc 1;, is 33133:} in camtrnzctin; :07. ":J 1‘3 " iUL'l 6.1-.!.""z'(3 ’.Hk‘t (t9 ‘3. d“"5j'“t ans for Future Use the 150381 T7.) in. ’2 ¢‘_3-.-c.7' )m} in tho ;TTI‘IBC'Z;ti;I‘!~; --::s::'r, ‘11:; :55; ":3 1.33:?! in 13.”) 32,4 (3:2. C 3 ,5; for (llamas in: "" sewn ”aft-"n Ui’.:".1f:i..2rcs 3.; firm 1.20m}:- Int-“wrath vari'zti 0:18 my 3 0‘ .3113er by his in. , ’3’»: 31096 of 1.7.3 1 1;)- (...-3‘. mg” .105, 7,111.3 7 :1. " '3‘ of {33%; inlet 325'.- l‘. ICE}: < 0.11173?in .3 small :2: s:v:~_-.l;; of wage? 33"):in par-:19; mare mr 5’13..- ly c3*“""(‘.1..!.e‘r1 5033.35 of *flh‘ft‘. in "Th-a 2m 0 r: "T +219 (331-; '; L7 '."u-‘a:_‘u.'l 32,351. .15 1:32:33; 3:“ o." 2:04.: {1.133 s‘wnflJ ‘33 1.5103130}. .31 3.3 u Ci L31“ 1'“)? 7‘01" :3. “W“: 1"“: it" '.Lcr. is: that t-"z‘L'f. I‘m-t" P“ inus’t'luv‘.‘ "r12 “‘ "W '3'; the 1:1’f;:‘;‘y;:z‘; a? ‘53: H.133 )"~,1”".43 v1"? r'V‘t “3.3 “3. '* 1-211 r:' 311111 1-9. ‘Lulil:;1"tc.l:;'r‘.. .1 it is :‘CLiTio to clnmiqnfia th.t gar of this LilcC'3re a saving in 'L '. a“ ‘2 " "\' . J" ",‘1 r, ‘“ u" ' i“ 2"“;‘- 3'» " — ‘ *n» ‘ ' ‘ v ~. - 6. u A: wo,ud t,at 9 $9 york ouu?t3d LLJJ LqulS r”; encourave \‘ 4 _'- .’\ ..‘. ‘dv .5 . ‘p .. ...-t -4 .1 .- I v. ..-:--‘ - I... ' c j~ . nvc u. t,1; fibyfl 0L umrA 13 a x.c.it r41 eLbuheurLJg ld»0?8* 1. 2. 3. h. S. 6. 7. 9. 10. ’3 “-0 13. lb. :9 rim: C m 5c hm, Commuttue 03 eri- mamas A5,} A'_rl 31‘ .1. uhr' 1]. 1:3 ultural an;53e '533, 25: 12, hfo, lyuho 05 5.5.3.3. A'Tfl . form ble Lemonstrat1on ahannfil (£5300), CC“3“”Vuu301 service - Research, 1950, 313133911, Fred C. The ELF Stilling Cabin. :05 - TP — 79, 19h9. Flaisdcll, Fred N. The Dcflign of Eril fir3sfion 603 :01 bructxros. nfirl"5*“val A 45333r3ng, 20: 3 107—105, l9h5. Bou}oucos, C. J., 3nd A. H. hick. Improvements in the Plas+cr of rariv A“:3fih’1on lock *10 ctrlcnl Resistance Fet3od for ipaauxing Soil Loisture Un er rield Conditions. L311 .izhce. 63: hb)-Jn05. Qr‘ Carpenter, may E. Prdblens of a Colle:e Agricultural Engineering Department. Agricultural hng5nearing. 29:6 262, 19h8. .stianscn, J. L. 133Lur.1n5 ;atW for Irri'ution. Culifurnia Agricultural Lx r5mcnt St3t5oni ullctin 538,1”35 reIJrint19L7. Ch ris' wixnwon, J. L. Irr5ga tion by E3r5nklt"* U. of California A; Ni 31 um). ..‘:ipuri. ant Lita 01cm 1 ulletln £970, 1,5142. Donnan, W W. 30591 1'e:+3 of a T113 Sfioc5nfi Fornula. "3;l ' CTO”QQ 200523; 35 awnr‘oq rroc., Vol. li: ,131, lflhb. Doran, I. B. and Robert L. Cr 3 2n. Draina;gl T rr"35*; an} i: 19 '-w *‘ Curve15nv. in. C. Brown Compawy,L *_ Hg 0, lo a, ljSU. Draina;c ani Irriga+ion H.9corm3ndations. Soil and flat 3r Livia ion A333. Agriw' tat 3). '“r»”‘0r5"3, 26:3 lZUalQb, 1955. DuboiS. R. H. A Coursc in Agricultufial HfifirClofiYo iFricufituyal un33ne3r1ng, 29: h, 165“lbb: 1958’ ' D1113, F. L. and O. E. Layne. The Lffect of the Degree of lope on Run—03f 33d boil zrneion. Jnvrral 05.3;r503;:g:35 figtwargg, 15:6 319330, 1932 Ellison, 3. D. Two Devices for Lbuu~rxnr Coil Lrou n. A135- .EfilLVFnl Lbi’fievri“ 2y22 53J U; , lELh ‘4 ....- I 27. h) C.) o 29. 2»: "IO ‘f. ... " " ..., ' - , .. ' “ 2 , — ‘ 211151211, 2... u, ,2 2. 1,. 1'0.'22..;372:2.: 2. A Pu 171;."ll Applicator. A T1..- uni—u— '- cnlhnral ’n_iva rififi 25:0 m ...—v - V403,"; L-n 1 220,191-5140 :1 Cops 122222 221‘“. r “VT311CQTHWS .J 1'3v*fi~wrhv*lI= 2 Lb*’U ,ih, 1936. "'_..I .‘ }. ‘1..s. ’..fl l‘ 1.." fr, 3 . fl . .53. C4 1‘. ' . ‘ , ' F- ‘ _7 of t2o Ln in:3cr. “gr , _ . v r “ ~ I Iar1*o1.:t , L. 1.2. (.212 1.. 1 . 2... .. . 1:2:1". 1"_'E..-"\"i'-'1J,,J (T? . :A.1‘)f‘f .142 1”]; 3.21.23?) '- 11" ~ 51, 11.317011 ’ «.102 .n R o a. 3an ...Iiifg / 2 IN». -\r.~ V‘ Q I -. C '5' ' L .' -‘ Th‘;:u_ 2.1.08 3i'J",i‘-)> r, lamis E. Ere: on ‘-"v u‘ ’ I— .r-v—r ”1 -. ‘,-\~_ : ‘4 'l ‘. .j....--r LL", --. ‘, ,__I;-(. ,r,1;v,_n .."_. v‘i ‘1",(3, 'wi.’nco Vol. 0? Ep. L (-LLO, l)50. 2¢r¢h hfl. -1011: 12?, ' 0‘ ' " . I.- I h .' ~ g . 't "v I " J.,- Tim¢01do ltv CO. 20? -.1~.2.2Q 23 us . . V :2a 1% Foil Cc~3~wvat.on rus°w ch. 0’ I. F. 13:8 ‘..}. 2’2 :1"77i1C"2“i;'I'1;‘IO}1 Co 1LrolL - Urop inlets 8.’“:(_1 3.:213!;. 5r o+nr~3 6.. A. Van Dfirfln. oyzean Iasi ucu, a”; 153‘190-1:fl+'3 9 ('1 0 ‘ ,1 1' "f f 1‘“. :' 2" -:i . ' “-114" ‘ 3‘, 1.- . 11., fl. L’. va’fi‘l' L‘gf.’ a ." T~ D: J. q p :- , n“ \;.. fl ' p“.—. \ ‘ 1.11.41 2.14-1011 01 Latino 21'cz..2.::2 oi Strvur. fl 1‘?'“9'"?~71 asw"“efirfiv1~ 71n.> "0 .___~ .. t9 “2 'q y\ 2"'. .. 1 '\ . :Ll'f.‘, .-. L'.’ (— . 1". “J. 3.0!, 8311,! J. («2. Sons Inc. An Lgu‘ T’HVH'xpl 11.21an "vznt for (2(3(“211"‘1 "’I' _A_ 1mm. ’.....4. ;rénliQ§ "th ficw‘York, [FIYnmLtr;1.vwr 5 11.41 -1'~‘r 0'. :11 ”rwz.’ -m (j 1-3 -'l I . 0 what”: -_,~\.s-. . l A 3 '1 . \l'Y.’ “Cal, J. H. ifiecu of 3e rqe of Elspc and fl:*?;-a11 C aruct '1otics on “1393f 3‘5 3311 groszan. hf? Cfi ffi+tl Fmgfw« T‘"” M_1":5 213-317, “nan _L. __ , .“ «L1 v. ‘ . . ‘ -l ' *. -" r\ ‘ («4' " --‘v'r v ( ' I '- .- Lchoia, J. L. anj .. U. Lcaton. A .cqul L- ubu-d.dJ Lo 1 .rOLLOJ. F I.‘ v | ’ 5 “ - '. 1". . ' I" q ‘1 w"' 1"". r‘uq.‘ A M '- ‘l 1 '..1 1;: - " ., 1 7 ' ..'.3 3 L; .L 1.1." .V3, ,I'JJ-’ [in I % halter. 2lnc-ri2n 9"“r4 . _ W .1 Na ..H rinrre, 001v: 'iwfi 1:331 - -Lu . .... "“II. A. 2' ' v.7 : " ". . \ _;- I un— ‘V‘I'V‘v .. 1:17; 1?.3"). L- 1;1 of YCrLLCal Drop (v1VJrgs, A;yi- v " C ~ ( b3 *LJ? 1- 17:11 L7?-331, 1930 1'93 7?. 1'5. :01: Emma". 0112, 0.1 123- 2 -".'"v"2:.‘:" O? 5")!"‘751‘5 Of Gully Co"trcl Ltrnctur so A;“” ’ ““”‘ “L "1T~‘; 1933 359‘3533 1935' fia'mrscn, I. L. aai .1rgil I‘.r-.~..n ' :’1‘---‘21 "Hr. '.,-'. \M‘" r 1 3...; ‘ "* ' "" __—J- ' ' ' " ‘.HL “' ”ant trotection. 31. ’) c... 9r. ‘ . r- , _ _ q_ p... f" P- o 1 _ -1 p . .... __ - __ r .1.~-1‘.v. . c .I. l . _-_\- r‘ ; V-Alacuu, KuJ. 1 U9, 154.09.. ..‘. L. “ f . .. 'J " Q “.2217“? m. 503-]. " .- " [ma-[v‘ ‘.‘Ifi‘ ' - ...-9. '. - .' . - / fiufl' t\‘ '1‘ . v‘ *V‘Ifi“ - . L‘Vld “51'er L\.l-:~-"--J. bx. . .41 --'.1"‘.L..1'I‘t‘ --A O - .. ..'-,1. I .' ..‘. ‘- i--U;.LI*J941 “Q ""L.‘-.L.&1‘JI|.J. mg. C. ilrozm \i‘l sf. V‘ " c01.;rd.1v" .JL'LQL'LQJG’ I J33, 1;;00 L (,aL'L-i- 5'» -J’ . - _ f r" “I? la,» . n“ ..': I .191” 24-, 1/3/0 :L‘. 1. :Lic‘ ‘irlt; LCI.I"—-( V . ail... xiii“ v‘ n i . l .- ’.r-V" lac-.4: C‘1IT quar ‘...1 . -r\ ...-. ..'.;..‘.I'.-‘-u. L, r Lu, ..'” ..lqno th-o. "L ‘ -.. ' 0-.uv:~-. -..\~-- ~‘\a- A \ ‘ . r's {'7 ,t' qV' '. " "‘*“P ...CC-...'.:.'..'VZ.U..CX1 k-‘(uIqu “0’ — -. .....6-3 A .. . ..‘ V. n~'-~. {‘1 ‘1' 13.- nvljdbl‘ )1 ‘.- '\ I-:f f. '1 .. q' f‘ '5':-'; t1" 2 . ~w’ ‘ " ‘ ’3 F‘ iii vsL. 9:0;- -.‘J“.. 5:39 04.x“) ’ 4-" v“ 1.51.4.9 Uv, l/ql.‘ 0 '-‘.. . . ' 7"- . 0 .°. 7". , . ._ .: ‘ .L.- " min-”.13 3d, 1... u . \7 9S :1? 1:. ing 903.1 4932:1321 L£oz-l;rol. f I‘ ‘ U533:- -r-.- _‘ . f r‘ Q. “r. ... . 1 r' - («1 n r\fl "I PM. -\ fl £1 4.; ‘ _'_‘ L - 'I 1'.“ *\".: [J’-"L/ "’ ‘l J)‘ ur'p- ‘r 2‘ v." 3:.- ._.fi .2, (:1.-. ..'1 “UH-.4 "Cr : 1.1,, .- ‘4. fl .. - ' "at—dc: Jo.“ ., ‘-. l' . ’--AJ—‘\.r. '.‘JL 1" U4. ..‘? .\.' ."-L ‘l... J; iv ~T~~- U G-J‘wh.\_:yC\r&;v' :3.ch " I £31.. ‘u ‘1 ' "" v’." 37' '- ' . ‘ :.\.-.7:':‘1‘::‘ ‘.‘ 2", ‘1! O FIB-915 V, I ‘ (‘1 x) r. - I... ~-—L --- 4‘ _ .. --. .‘ .J .‘u L‘ :"- L; 7’ LQV’ $i‘ "‘ . T'- ‘o -‘ Ts . -' T“ :N,‘—--0~Qy. v -; 0"_ Tu. — 3 .~-’- -. -— (Try: "‘.., . ’ ‘.l “G'J'u’ ...»TL:; .1. 1 “.1321..- '. 1J1" J-‘L‘. 1;“... _ -. L30. " ll "' 9’ 1".)0. \nv- " . .‘- -‘ ‘1 ‘.. r '1 's- v o “‘ '3‘! I x: V‘ ’ ' ."\ ‘.- uOQ‘l» J 9’. (4 £151 A. 410:0...184446'0 1-” " M" - SASS“ “"135. ””0318 “'0 ‘ I‘f' ~ - ~~.‘.s-:. 3"? -—- 1~~ "I‘.’ 1“ ‘— LA 05:. Lv1.lL.LL'.La, 3.4qu.81 1-, *1‘;"JO A I""-'In PI! 13‘ .x’ .' "NJ—4k I m ‘ " :P'\'.¢ ‘ v".: I --\‘ I 51"-‘..‘.‘."f’"J or? labomlhrvzg' U3‘U:."‘:'-:r_'; my)? If’,‘ 7');- J ' w .1 .a—J— ..‘. ..u .- ~' ' a "‘ 7‘“- :‘Y (V have? C- :r use; n the icparhmn‘b of f1. 1263.31.11.11. 1}. ILL- . . . - fr .. -- . JC;;?.'.; ' .3; “Mn, t..-azmair»3) II T-I'IL 1'11)”- 3" 3 '!;'-:"1_ if}: {)0 \ "- (.“JZT-C"‘I'1P" :13 For ‘r cu - .._-vuo “ ‘ or Buivcrthy Lat; ‘J ..- Coll f , . :5 ‘ _~ ‘ ' _ (2" _' I.) ..’; .- -Lrvey 3:... La o:utor,;;~' ;..-..3.C....3.n._; "-~‘ 4““; -‘ m. 1.. ‘. tater Cour us in th ~ | for ani Of Agricultural ungine; I. Foliq3e Cr2“1t Co rsas Ta‘3 t "., :.r '.‘ ... ’ —'. —. “a30 Ca,dlo fiducriytzhn of (71:33:13? :3 01" y t D 3:13?) ‘.I" 1. 1' 337.43 . I ' gtl. .. ‘ LA '. .‘L—llT'ie Faciliti;s e bcpgr’ ant r133 L [1342"; Hours a WK. l’l“~:rcqui;ite;3 in (459 mane not “1FCc ccwr;a 50.1 (a) For technical currECglum 1. S (h) F*r Cervica Course; for Agr. fitu 10 1+ . ,-.J, ,'-..u;;, buC 2. For «raFtate ;tudonts HO O \o' R) . ‘..) h. L30. u... .1 pun—- ” II. h" E. II . . I‘.' f" “'-:_“ I” _‘ ITB._,.' .nulylfl Lghuooohg Uuwd Voratory Eqnfpmunt Used tialwej 13.3.53 313.113.323.223'5 l. Levais 3;;L3r Danny age Farm Others 2. Tranpits 3. Plans Tables _._,n_ 1;. Other what procedure do you follow to maintain accurate operating covdition? Drafting Room Equipment, etc. an: 1. Lfauing tables 2. ralar flanim tars 3. 3 p5 h. Charts 5. Other . . .. equmeent 1n III " H... .,. .I. ‘ 3 3.. . ...' .3 .L'. .-.-... C. nq1:pa.nu Jar soil Lav4p53¢3u;una E. l. Angers 2. 3. 70515;: T .‘ h. 9 H: O J 7. 1. "cud 7: ‘ An 1. -L‘ufl Cur e3t meters rrewatre gages water meters maps 9. Other “all sampling bcxcs . . -‘ zrugrmunical 3—213 0 mednjrin3 squLfmgnt LqUirHunt for coniu7tion tests frocttr 1 0 fan" It: .._“ ..LLJ ' “33513331 9- ;-;y="--raulfi.c laboratory an.) aquipmcn' Later Supply Available 4. U. iffi. 0r gopom. (ahape and size) nutcr ttuce recorders Capacity W W Irrigation disbrlbufiion equipment 1- Sprinkler nozzles 2' Quicg coupling pipw 3 0 O 313?: Zhrlmq‘ m - m m A‘ m m W ““ M M M m m m m m *— m IV. 1. Gully Control strwcturas an? spillnays Lhfiiad‘ 113m: 2. LLrth dams ani Lrop inlsts VI -\4 (:O ’V ‘.- 3. .3r.-ce “Jatcds ..., n w 11. ILLL-1;..' U0 :J-qul- m m 5. Farm conservation plan 6 0 other I ! I .f‘ 3. ‘ _-.‘ .\. '. - . ‘ . ‘-' I ’ Q ~ .‘ ‘.~; ‘ . ‘f‘i ./ a bun ad 113.1." DJ 11:.141..1.ud in) Q—‘i'JI‘ 53.371. 01..1L111Lc2? PC disassomllod to Show canstructlon? 7. Are modu 1 callrrrat ion t0 3ts pcrfwrmcd? m: l ,- .° . ','_' 3. . . G o .1 1.19 1‘0 -- t in; .411 ..L LII-..- nt [4 . }::l“ {n \flu “J T ‘- ‘I A~ C“ \‘ . ‘ I ‘ ~ . ’I‘ .fi . - , - ’1 I . L. high a Mr Juuoratusy Lu.nr_1-at., matcziul a3d t; ac.:n3 31a. Ubda. Outdoor Facilit‘es for Laborazmny A. Do 393 have a farm or field for laboratory? Aer as m Is it hast su3t ad for practice in Grecian contzoi, dr-inare, irrI- {on 9“ land rec amation? E. ”bL'tt menstruation mach‘ncry do you use? 1. Terracing _‘ 3 3. had leVJIing VJ. h. uh r earth r3511; mac 11213 C. 30 you use privately 01.11 farms for pro- 13:13? £11151 1‘13. till _o GQdiffifint available for use. E. "hat outloor laboza boxy nork lav Jyo ufound MOut 51Tiofact01J .fron tlc stani.. 01? t of stud;nt iatorost an9 good teaching? least STbkfihctory? Correlation with Related Courses A. Row doos y ur deg rtnont divide work in farm Later sup;ly involv— ing lumps, pipes 31d hyuraulics with homo utility conro w? B. I;w does your department divide work in tilla go, grass land 1&1 “.1 :3 111,1" Tam "no'ry'lixazgr omr 33:: ? C. Do you share respo1oiulli*'+ in a1v of the courses with other Labornboty Facilities for Research and Graduate Students rrojocts. A. Do You move 33 garate 83303 a: v.1 oqn 7101+. for 1"m war h? 4.. 10 B. that provision nnde for work by graduat st"dcnbs? VI- tO in: F . - 3 (:9 you new .' “'.“"‘;. t' .‘ "‘-"' - -.‘ ‘ u‘.-. ’4‘ "M \"(2 ULUE1¢ 1U? lm‘lL‘O7'....ellu . Q l'._ .0 .« ‘..' ' ._ ~-~~' ._ v. ‘- I-| _' ‘0 ‘ ” a-..Ll.-.uJJ)’ 1&1 8.111...g'iza-mlu 8:1 ‘ ..'1 2...; Lt.;.€;:t; , a! . ."fi $191,: V .. II. '.J\‘ I, ,— 01 0 '3‘“ ‘.J -, - “~ [VJ—J. all - I-u‘lr JL R . '. .. f as o .. 1 .ul 6 4L 7". n. ' el- ~c -.- t. . ,' 901Ab. .ALL ‘3 ..‘—L1 A19 L ‘- 4’ - ' ‘ ,-- I "zv‘ ’y‘ ’ l '.‘1 .5 "- phi:- I’ClSUd‘) (153.5 3.1"00...e“;8 1.11. ;,-m.1r ;..1.=.- l 2 130mm: or; :11- }.mn“- ._'~ 4‘31“»! . - " J ""LD $111 L; .~ X35. J” - L ,0 ’.' . I ‘1‘ .._‘V '. ’p .. \ ~ 3 v’ ‘u-g. . ~ 1 . ..‘ f 1' o q r.‘ z 7-, o u.’.; {L‘duukl \1' OJ. UHG varls .‘..L 8.7» ..‘—\ALJ 3.3. 1‘; .‘.¢..‘ .\ r‘~-- ... -._. .. 1.. ' _ ‘ . . . . .. 3.1 L . .- ”a, .‘A . ‘.., -.1..,r u) "Anus. ..' u...O; ‘ ’._ _' "..‘”.y” kniq.uv\u‘3) Ta ulatefl Ragliov to Que Ia Ta lo VII “ .. ‘. C_.|,I. ._ ‘ final-.-_I ‘ U (I. u uuiuuw inbuu.‘ tionwaire ..‘—L —— P Institution Technical bervice (Instructor) Name Hrs. Mame Hrs. 1. Alabama Dr. & Terrace Design 5 Dr. & Terr. 5 (J. H. Neal) Sup. Irrig. 5 Land Cons. & Develop S toil Dynamics 5 2. Arkansas _ Soil Cons. Princip. h Torracing & Drain 3 (Russell benedict) lrrignLion 3 3. Clemson S A W Cons. Engr. 3 Soil Conservafion 3 (:3. Yo. Snell) brain & Irrig. 3 h. Californi Irrig. rrinciples b rlane Surveying 3 (C. H. Johnson) C can :cticut (Byron Lo Bonduurant) 5. 6. Cornell (Harold B. Gray) Delaware (Carl w. Hall) 7. 8. Georgia (Carlish Cobh Jr.) Idaho (Lax G. Jensen) 9. Soil & Plant Rel. hater Qual. & Salinity} Basic Irrig. Hydran 3 Applied Irrig. Hydrau 3 Water Supply a bur- face Hydrology 3 Gr. Eater Wells rumps 3 Irrig. Drain-1:559 3 Irrig. Econ-xmics 3 Land rrep ration h (setting up Prof. Curriculum now) Soil & Hater figmt. 3 S & W Conservation Dr. 8L II'I‘lgo Design of Hyd. Struct. S & W Cons. (Grad.) Cons. bngr. Rbcl. & Irrig. Engr. Irrig. oystoms Thesis & Res. ”WU VIUUU 3-12 Irrig. Prim. 8f. rractice Drain. 6L Irrig. Soil Cons. 5c Lend Levolooment Suerying Surveying 6: Drainage 8 & W Conservation Dr. & Irrigo Cons. rractices Irrig. & Drain Practice WWW Ib 3 8: n CUUILLLLS TnU’uILT Institution Technical Service (Instructor) flame Hrs. Name 44# Hrs. 10. Illinois Hydraulics of S & W 3 btruct. & Cons. 3 (n. F. Lytle) Conservation Each. of Cons. 3 on. Soil ConS. 3 11. Iowa Fundamentals of 5 & W S & W ConSo 3 1.111;}. S S & W Cons. Engr. S Irrigation 3 12. Kansas Agr. Hydrology 3 Drain. a bros. Con. 3 (J. ‘6. Funk) 5 a '.‘J Cons. I; 13. Louisiana -Drain. & Reclamation 3 Tor. & Drainage 2 Eros. Cont. &'Irrig. 3 Earth Roving 2 Land Leveloyment 3 1b. Eaine Soil-Water Engr. h 3031 Water Control 3 (F. u. reikert) Soil Eater Mgmt. 3 15. Hassacfiusetts Drain. Reclamation & Drain. & Irrig. Lngr. 2 U. of Kass. Conservation 3 (H. m. btapleton) 10. Richigan Farm Drainage 3 Drain. & Irrig. 3 (3.5. H. Kidder) Land Develo-‘xaent 3 brain. 5.: Irrig. Eros. Cont. 3 Explosives 2 Bros. Cont. Struc. 3 l7. Kinnesota Surveying 5 Elan. Surveying 3 (r. W. Hanson) S & w Cons. 3 Drainade 3 Irrigation 3 Sup. Irrig. 2 Adv. r‘rob. in Soil Adv. Surveying 3 Moist Reg. 2-6 S &.W Control 3 Irain. Irrig. & E. Cngr. of S & W h Cont. h Agr. Hydrology 3 18. Xississippi S & W Con. S Terracing 2 (Y3. C. I]O‘7€11) ACEV. bur. 3:.- Drain; h Ag. :13. a: main. 5 l9. Kissouri Farm Eater Kant. 3 surveying 3 (R. r. feasley) Irrig. fl Drain. 3 files. water Kant. 3 20. Nebraska Farm Reclamation 5 Farm Reclamation h (J. F. fichrunk) Ic " - l l‘ ‘r -' ‘ f' . If: :‘f. 1': ”-711 D e}. 'h LUULuJ¢§l .LJI-SI‘ULJ‘ Institution Technical Service Instructor) Name Hrs. Home Hrs. 21. 22. 23. 2h. 25. 26. 27. 28. 300 31. 32. 33. 3h. New Je say (H. E. Besloy) North Carolina T. V. Wilson) North Dakota (Norman.A. evans) Oklahoma (Jas. E. Gaston) Oregon (John W. Wolfe) Penn. State {utgers Land Utilization Field hater figmt. Erosion Cont. Water Cons. & Irrig. Land Brainage Soil Cons. Engr. S. C. angr. DeSign Irrig. rrinciples Soil Cons. Engr. Drain & Irrig. Engr. unps Irrig. Equip. Soil Cons. Urain. (Uarold fiakefield) Irrig. Purdue (K. R. Barnes) South Dakota (5. L. tie sma) Texas A & M (Roy C. Garrett) Vermont (Ben A. Jones) Virginia r. Io (U. F. Earp) ’.‘éas‘rfington (flldert fiolonaar) West Virginia (Conali r. Crown) Wisconsin 5 & W Engr. Dr. & FlOOd Cont. Farm Land Eng. abc Irrig. & Brain. 8 & W Cons. Engr. 8»: W (I) Engr. S & fl Cons. S & W Cons. Irriao rrino 9 Land Rec. & Cons. Design.& Deva. Irrigo Pumping for Irrig. S & W Cons. Lngr. [ha a Irrig. Engr. Soil Lros. Causes & Cont. FPECto 3 hJUJ Lflkfl \d Irkfl Ldrokd thfl \HLHLD LQLQPO \d f0f0kflkfl “38‘ h) Agr. Surveying Ter., Drain. Irrig. Land Drainage C ‘ TI‘ 5.). C. ungT. Pumps & Irrig. Explosives '1' Soil improvement berth Structures Surveytk Drain Elem. Survey Introd. Irrig. Irrig. Tor. & Drain. Torracing Hone S & w figmt. Agr. Hydrology Irrig. on Farm Dr. a bros. (" o a a Cons. Lurveying Dr. & bros. Control \d hJC? Lntntu Id '7' ‘.‘i 4“_-‘v '_I"i ,7" '7"-‘n“" S (at W LVv:uo.-A. .LJ3VVALL Institution. Technical Service (Instructor) ' A Name firs; Kane Hrs. 35. British Columbia Irrig. If. brain. 3 Irrig. év: Dr. 3 (1-1. Ya". Robinson) 36. tianitoim Survey Dr. 63.: Irrig. 3 Dr. 8‘. Irrig. "...-m A Ia __.__‘ .h‘ ~— rlane ESETPZQLT Levels/ Table/ Plani- Maps/ Transit {and L. me’wrs Charts Soil-‘3 Lab. 1. 2h/l 1Q/ 1 3 angers mois. equiv. mach. tens. table Boupoucos hydr. 2. 7/2 1/ 1 Yes/3 2 angers h Bouyoucos 1 proctor & core sampler renctrometer 3. 10/2 1/5 1 Set air/ 6 angers 25 h. Equigmwn‘t for lu—lS parties 5- 7/1 0/3 2/20 6. 6/21 6/6 1 sugar 7. h/2 2 compasses 2 angers 8. 15/12 8/3 1 3/15 LOUJOUCOS Er., auger, tensiometer 9. 12/3 0/0 1 Several 3 angers, louyoucos Blocks tensio- mster, hydrometor, piezomcter 10. 20/2 15/8 6 6/- 2 angers, h sampling box 1 Zouyoucos tester 11. 6/6 h/ 2 SC/- 6 angers, Fougoucos Bridge 10 sets 1 proctor, iezonster 12. 6/2 3/- 2 ' lO/h 2 auger, 100 boxes, 2 hydromotors undisturbed soil samp'cr 13. lh/O 10/- 1 1/3 sets stand. sieves anfl oven 10 sets stereoscopes for S pro. air maps 1h. 15/2 6/- 2 some/25 2 3ouyoucos meter 15. 11/1 1/- balances, oven, centrifuge 5 tensi- ometer, 1 Erector anromatcr 16. 7/0 h/O 2 2/6 angers, Bouyoucos meter h pres. gages 17. 15/11 11/27 8 2Q/2h ' ;o;;oucos tensionotcr screens an' roots rlane Levels/ Table/ flani- Tr;n:its Iani L. meters 18. u3/11 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 2h. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 3h. 35. 15/5 18/5 13/3 11/3 5/2 11/2 5/2 6/3 10/9 7/2 32.2 b/Z 7/; 7/6 21/3 3/1 IIb lejltr his ps/ Cnnrt: f; ‘I‘ :13 Lab . 17/ 9 {0 12/25 So.fiir photos —/15 All counties/ é/h 100/ 10 tensiomctors soives, Eurette blocks auger, soil testing tube hinge Sampting, angers 3 auger, 3 tension tors angers bridge and blocks 1 proctor, mach. Anal. set h sugars, h tensionoters, 70 blocks, 1 constant head perneameter angers, oven auger 2 angers, l mold rammer 6 angers, in place core sampler, hydromoter 3 angers, 2 cozic. ring. complete soils research lab. 2 moisture trotap, sampling tubes, oven angers, blocks angers angers (soils dept.) aTch 1. 2. 3. h. 5; 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 1113 — 1-. “-."JM-n‘n .'-..- -l vw -..- figr-irmlic Ii, drologic 1 c.f.s. flumes 1 current meter h pumps 2 water meters Irrig. resales current meter 1 recording rain sprinler nozzles gage 6 pumps 50-501) g.p.r:55 8.: R rein gages irrig. nozzles irrig. pipe 60° V weir, 8 pres. 'cVJS, irrig. s spr ink ors irrig. Sprinklers sprinklers and pipe 1 sgstem, 1 portable ‘wcir for stream flow measurement 35' head.,1/2 CofoSO parshsll flume, gages meters, spr -1.klers 2 current meters, 3.3.Eain gages recorder, irrig. sprinklers & pipe 100 ft. head, 3c.f.s. Rein gages weirs, current meter 3 cent. pumps, ' rig. sprinkler weirs - flumo, silt current meter sampler, 6 sprinkler nozzles Orifice meter, wave nrchlne, surinkler irrig tion thor nd table pumps, meters sprinkler model channel under const. need to study hydrology 1 dam. slides and movies 1 ten mace plan 1 fem plan 1 gully cont. 500 Koda- l pond chrome . slides 1 terrace slides 1 draina5e transparent flumcs, terraces and contours, tile drainage with flexiglas side IIIb Eel} lPlilIT Con' 12 Hydraulic Hydrologic models Other 1h. 3 pumps, sprinkler 3 rain gages irrig. 15. 1500 g.p.m. to b" rarshall 16. 17. 18. 19. 2G. 21. 22. 23‘ 2h. 2'x2'x2u' flame irrig. pipes, pumps 10' head o‘weirs water meters, irrig. sprinklers — pipe 2 {its RC gages (17 0A . F8113 Lab. ) irrig. sprinklers rMngfigm Irrig. pumps - sprinklers, 1 cur— rent meter, 2 W.S. recorders, h pr. gages 30' head, 150 g.p.m. Orifice, 2" pump sprinklers 1 R. gage cur. meter 3U P. gages 6U' 700 g.p.m. weirs-flumes, n. S. recorders sprinkler - pipe samples 130 g.p.m. pump current meter fr. gages, sprinkler irrig. 120' head, 1 c.f.s. ‘weirs, pres. gages 3 W.5. recorders 500 cop-m. pump, 2 R. gages 10w head, 250 sprinkl r irrig. R. gage, cur. meter flume with flexiglas sides Cut stay tile samples pumps model tile testing tronchor Dept. has weather station 2 gully con- 20 cons. plans trol 2 terraces sprinkler irrlg. charts, film strips, slides 1 drop inlet preparing ter- race system in box flumes, sprinkler irrig. sand table tile ins. model 1 model farm Use 505 hand- plsn book 6. multilith IIIc EQUlrllfiThtcn't Eldraulic Eydrelogic Fodels Other 25. l weir, 1 current Free. gages, pumps meter sprinkler irrig. 26. 100' head 10 g.p.m. 1 current meter h farm plans 3 s meta-2r, 6 pr. gage sprinkler irrig. 20 g.p.m. pump 27. prinkler irrig. current meter 2 plywood tile testing dams on order 28. 2' head 0.8 c.f.s. rein gages l irrigation weirs, pumps W.S. recorder l farm plan 29. Weir, irrig. 1 rain gage cutaway pumps sprinkler current mater 2 gully cent. 30. 9' head 2 c.f.s irriention pipe 31. Records of Exp. Sta. and U.S.D.A. farm cons. sprinkler irrig. plans 32. 1-10 c.f.s.,'weirs rain gages Use maps and meters, P. gages W.5. recorder designs of pumps, sprinklers Bureau 33. 12 P. gages, 190 g.p.m. pump sprinkler irrig. 3h. Outside only 35. fies lab. being set Use data up, sprinkler from Ext. loUU gal. sump. Service 36. 2" (:9!th pump I158 091712.755 realizins zero-LE 1- will? .-u......;. a all; frivate Best Firm Tours_gp Land Lab. roor st 1. 100.A. & R0 Laying out Ditch and terraces and const. stump terraces blasting 2. 170 A. Tours with Complete tile models Erosion SCS cons. plan-drainage 3. 2UC.A. Tours Field work Slow soil testing Erosion.& only 3—men demon— equipment Drainage crews strations Indoor lab. Tractor models Earth Moving h. to A. also In field new irriga- large gully tion building control areas water appli- cation area for plant-soil moisture studies 5. All field All field Field trip Complete Technical work ‘work survey & textbook design equipment 6. 2500 A. Field trip Field trip luckeye 'with sun to see Trencher const. or (Drain & operation. Terracing) 7. 300 A. farm When owned Field surb Calc. fiag.Tile testing by class veys and Brgs. & irrig. equip. member design Angles Agr. hydrology 8. 30.A. Trip to Yes, for field trips laying 100 A. farm 80. ditch & irrig. out Unit 3 ter— riejmont blasting s;stem.&, terrace rac systems Exp. and 505 ditch lines drainage Station 'work blasting 9. 8 A. for Use tepog pump tests planning irrig. pump maps from staking out operating testing farms practices model I‘u'b UUTUUQR Let-i; ITIoS iuleuG Ferrous filial, 5:. i. 4.... Li Frivate Bast m ., Farm 1.0?1T'f5 Lend Luff. recrest 1‘0. Uni-r. farms with SCS Use maps Actual luff-- Su 3 working models help and tours 0&3 and do- without pump study sign field applicau soil testine tion equipment 11. 16 Acres Field tiling layout and Terrace Setting up Terracing trip to visited deuifin const. new lab. with Little Use 5C5 Stream hard to models Sioux 'work gusing do but valuable 12. sfiirlwind Visit de- Terrace Stream. Open Heed models te'-scer tension const. gaging ditch water measur- irrig. well Rose oir terrace problems ins work test on const. Hort. Fam 13. Univ. farm Field trip Field trips more c arts 2000-{-A. only 5C5 slides and scraper, work as visual aids. drug line earth more exten- 3/h yd. moving sive field Drain and trips irrig. 'wfiirlwind terrecer 1h. College students Survey &. Drninge Stress good farm home ferns design of reports irrig. & ponds 15. h—ZS A. rrelimi— rreliminery Inepect— Uses ACTH tests nary to to irriga- ing con. Dh2be39 irrig. tion system Dh23-39 system. design design 16. Pending to large Some Survey & Contour Lodel, agr. projects design mapping thrology for Ag. courses stule Its 17. 200.A. Vist con- Trips Design & Probe. Farm for cons. tractors layout or without lapcut on job. const. applica- tion IVS butuuuuo reclblrluo uanuu rUldhu {Ludo e “gnaw z‘rivste Best Farr. T rzrs Land lab. foorest 13. flip. Sta. for deznon- student Too much Outdoor facili- Farm strations partici- demon- ties, land tion stretion terracing and drainage 19. 20 A. for field real need theory s treblem Pad. Erosion trips no prac- tical applica- tien 20. 6-2) A. Eros. Yes - ‘rre- Layout and Domon- tiorlels - and irrig. pare plans design stretion structures whirlwind well tests only turbine pump in Lab. Visual aids 21. College Farm Field lay- mp models 800 A. for out and raking drain: 30 la;*— planning out only 22,. None flan and as des— Dept. fem construct cribcd S 8.- V5 Lab. terraces plan drains 23. lions Fracticed space mostly fleld «wk 22;. 13 forms on farm whirlwind leased by Agron. Dept. 25. Ez-zp. Sta. To see resign and specs Lend irrig. equipment field lay- and drain. working out and for blasting 26. 1000 A. Trips no Ditch Equigmznt for Erosion construction blasting air photo work Drain. and Drainage AIrrigation Elasting IVd ‘wnfi-w-M-fio‘m-“mm-wmfla-w a “W deli-35.53: sibling: iii-Le “Tit; I’M.) a; nil}: . Private Fest Fang fl» Ttrrs _flland lab. reorg;t 2?. 133 A. Not used Staking iopog. Zyd'sulic Frainage tile and surveys LeL., model terraces structures 28. 7 A. tith SC Actual rlace for lrric. list. Lesign construction of structures 29. 2S & LO.A. tith Yes in Irrig. and Lros. and 3.0.8. coopera- Drain. Drain. tion with 013111131. 30. 20.A. Drain. Scale models and Irrig. 31. Field good tex trips book 32. 200 A. To Col‘m- Field lag;- Erosicn bis Basin out. Tepog. Very Terrace & effective Dam layout 33. Use College Ditching None Field lay- Farms etc. out 3h. Unlimited For trips Design and All theory and rrob. layout no appli- cation 35. U. Farm. Use data Lrainnge lodcls from rlans for Terracing 36. Drainage Little out- Land and only door work other ROUIH u..— V‘f‘J- I“. 93 030 M'TITifiliflfilLlelfll'ufulflfilifilfififlillflfliflifllfilflES