'i rib-3‘3 The Behavior hf Admixturea of Ecrtland and .zmmite Cements A.Thcsis Lubmitted to The Faculty of MICHIGfiN STéTE COLLEGE cf ;‘;LTlZICUIJTUPE STD J’I‘PLIED SCIENCE 12y .. ___/ ,‘z " M,§§cht. Candidate for the Degree of . .3 ‘ I. '- ~acheior é balance Civil Engineering " . 5‘ 3'? 0112333 lf‘ajd (HESlS QJCr‘ V: \ \rT v'T "\ “Y: H: , c-"n (IU-L“:L~.LJ UL' L&.-ILJ.L) n . ‘. t.‘ ... '3...J . ‘n (t.‘ . .- {\T... .1..‘,:.' L.b0&-&141‘Ubb-¥-U£l J- ’ngy C); VC4-CL1:LU VJ): «A‘uwlys. ' ' l‘ fi.--«--~qfi\ to r“: (1“ “‘.'V“‘ f‘ -‘. "‘ T . ti ‘ '9. "i " 1.3-5.1: ( .L Li“ '0‘ \; ~.n.».;. .'. u. - ‘i; .11- -, M. I‘_7 . ‘ '5 .. -'.'_ I ' 0- u‘ A .u.'ca. ~‘. . U Una.- 5‘ ' ‘v‘l-.n 1... . do 4. Ucznc luv ions. 1-01171 (‘7‘T‘I‘Iit 9r? IT'ot-r‘r'r‘itnnd ‘0" Tr‘rcrti' lgoharactorletice of Lynn te Cement 3L Determined by Inves- tigations Up to Date. The Atlas Cerent Co. hee,durin3 the last "ear, placed upon the Arericen corset merget an Anericen redo er lu;1na cenent.Thie cercnt has the tre de neaze"Atk infinite Concnt'.fllumine cements are a mixture of elurinoue end 031* cereoue materials which have been intirately mixed,hoeted- to e fusion,end the resultant mixture ground to an impal- pable flour.Pertland co:(;nte are a mixture of ergilleceoue and calcareous me toriale \w;1ch have been int m1 utely nixei, burned nrd t3“e resultant clinker ground to en irla‘vctle flour to which gypsum.ie generally adfied to regulate t: setting tire. H “e Hrou tests have shown that the cruoni“' strength of Ln.n1te ce ment concrete is higher in 24 helrs thnn the crushing strength of Portlexd cement concrete in 28 days. See "Con.crete Age"- Apr11,1025)1n general,3umnite cement is used in the sane veg as Icr+land cemt nt.It diffs ere fro on Iortlend ceuent in some of its reactions such as regidity of sett1n5,moet favorable curing tonror.vzture, mos -t favorable method of curing and other tens which up to the present time have not been investigated,The results of ex- periments u; on the above mentioned charactrzrictice of Sun- nite cement concrete can be fo~nd in tile Feb.,fiarch and April of1925 and r-cth 3 later leeuoe of "Con.cret e fige”,a monthly engineering urge Six" 0,2ater effects its etrengt 31 in the sane manner as it a feote the strength Cf Iortlerd oer ment 1.1111 130?. .11". about. the 5.3.133 1.1173 madness 4.3213 11'.'»;2r:2.-:e Tort- 13.1151 03-0--..”1193 Liz-1131 130 0:2:- 1-1nb imaging +3 £231. it hard-.118 rafiilv. 1.1.1:: 3.1.1.33; {113:1 '30 ’01:": 330;? 1:115:12“: « .r..p~mmt.1r” and 1213.05.11: 1'. 113 £2.13 331:2".0.1.».1vo'wuu'1'zzfl. ”>113 in 1.2113 country and abroad 3.12:3 1135.13.01: ".3... $11.21; 1'. 3 11:01.12: .118 01. 0133131011550. 13’ .19 2011111113 of 13.131.111.13 to 33-13 110111113 't11;;.~.t 02:? l'c-rtle;"a..i cement. Ii“. 11-23 2.1.. 1.33 730.1 1370’3911 1.51M; 3.11.11.11.19. 001.11131-3 01.1.3 '13:: ”.1: 611 at 12130:; low-.31" taz'113o;.3turv301.113310111'. (1:35.1301‘ i‘:"0t"1&.1.c ion of frost —‘.. ‘r-_p! 4—. ".'u I 1-..- 3 I.- .. .. rmx‘ , n‘ 1 - ~ .. 1. __ .p, .1.‘ 1". W- Ann 01. .10.”?lem 00.31.11.“ a .01- 3111. —. 31.. .- tum c 3.3.“. . 21211 ~.! 3"" "3‘ run“ ("‘ "‘ "y 1‘ 1" ..- . 1.1. m1... -. .-"-..1. .. u (‘1. -13 1'. .Ll’.).- 1121.1.-. ~-‘-v -4 ~ A Vr-u ~~ ." '1 - D"‘ 1 ‘ 1’ '23... " ' ‘ a ' .'~ g ’ ::‘."J.'1.l 3...": who Fifi-$50319 -113 3.'.LI'-L':'P.~:’-. O--T“~.'1qt-‘4 0-3". 9’.) n . ' ' -. .0 'I w -. “I I“ 1’ "- Ov-v '1 4- '- -‘ 7' . i J'- N " '1‘ "" 3:391}. C‘UCC VAL}.-. 3.137 4.53. 11110.1. Q:,v.2..-’.4..'.L’ 3:31.111 -03. J.‘l C- u, L310 £10 1 Us ~ 5- ‘ . a ‘ , g 9, . n .1 a. t - ,0 " \ .H “I ' I. .- ~u:-'.:. 11'1" 3.1 6:11;.3.:.i'.-ass i1. re'o J..- .. .1231: .wurs a. _ I. .. .1 <\. Q_ Q( a .. qn~ ) . >a ‘ . 1.? ’..I ‘ .1 u . .. ., .~.: 10 .nt 1331133111 1.110 1.1.. M «m 1. 1 4. 1. (.‘S L. 5.00011.-.» 1...... 11.1.1341} 1 11.. :1- : .. u. , O. .' f l ‘- .. ~,:. 3 1. ’v P. uh _ Q- 1 , ‘ «‘ ‘ --l. " . 1.11,”. H.» .‘.i.".""‘. -" 4.1.1 .3... 9104-, l J. D‘.LLlC»“35 1...} 11.1. ftit‘u CV ' -“O-.'t COT CIO 0&0 I~"10‘. \R \ .' 1|!‘ ‘1.“ I'J .1»...L\l':.’."3312 la h"J"—JU. 30 n-- 10 ‘A'CL . .-.. -..“~.' 4. 1'3; .. ~ ,- . J. I. 3.”, 3.1.1011 14.31.11; $43.13 ”(31' n L. I34. DUN}? p.118 3:." 01 110.013?" . 9.. .1... -'- .-. '0 - 0.3., .. .- J. J ,. . ':, ...'_.... 1 3 IL‘ 4.“: 1.)}....'.‘.*.U~J 3.3 CtLl'}. CC! {1303. U. .1121.) .LLI .Lu (.2. (4.01.); 'ablfl.‘ II‘OQUCtO “ 4.. r. s I. - r, ..'- ‘ ‘ .1 - - - -‘ u. .1 ’. '. .. .fl 4 '3. 1.... 1133 is 0.. L119.-. 3'0.ch 1.113. -3... 3:11.11 1.11 n of 121-1.. .LC and "I r . Iv“ V ' w "' a J" ~ ‘ .‘ I‘.‘ 1 .' 1 I W. \ 11.1.»; c. cor: 1-21.11 .ctiwn -1: 1.1) 3.11.! 11.1.1.1..01311 1.. tux. 212:3. mix. '11:. :30 :39 (fixtus'molz oi‘ 1.2.3.1131: 0:71:11; :11. :1"; c(;£.31‘..:'.‘f'. the; present n..g I .4 _ (-r-l~ 4. . .L~ 3.1 .- J .9 .. 1- . 'r. .,, -_ 9, . . L3_3..O\ <...5 1‘... ) 1U {29.1.13 uiu'Ufi) 0.: 3:: 5.3.. IMO-t; i’bl‘ 6.3.3.1700]. 51.8 '3 . ' - ' ' 4' 1.11.... :01"tli.11~.- 0 .Im'. .. ‘~ r0 ‘ um" {3 ‘1 fl .‘-~ " ’~-, 0)». 7m - 1 n0 -‘ J..1.1KI' Obuok'u ('J. UILs. 37.! ‘,';’\l'w_. 3.1-». a.) t. ]:LiCJ’.E «1,6 It", éOl-LCTI' -. . 3 .‘ -‘ nr .- 50 " -~ ‘- r‘ n ‘ ~--. ‘ '- "|-‘~-- 1 r .. - -' .— is to £1.23. :1 13.311.10.13 (.1 .101?ul-.2.1‘1s 1-1.1.1 w.....: 1.5. z 1.1-. (ii any 131103 . 1112.11.1‘ 0 exists) 1.12:1; 13111.3. Induce a cancr‘bta which all cbta n ta full c rcn;t% more a31017 t‘an Ecrtlaxc sament concratetdoose x} which ch 11 ~o monorical for £77 strength it will devoln3.A caries cf tgsts ware wade w 6 5/" lonr x 3 1/3”da N, concrete vvliwiwrc,snfi cm at ndayd 1: ttowa sand nartfir molded in 9" cnfioz.fha tnst m the co:- 0 rate c7liwd rs will ha cnn:i€.or7d fir...P7‘ ??Cnd of Iort‘ 1 .; ,— a .7. s- .1. “,1 .. ..1. land cement :3: used in alfi tan“: 7,7“ 7 77 “Crulfluu cared; an - ~.. 0.. .. . 2.83:;rc;3107 Tests on Conchto C,lihd .Vrs fro A33rcgut3 usad :33 bunl-run,7::achcd 3ravcl ob“; 34...); in 13.43 1135.1" "10.1.27l‘ci .18.. t .aasinai"i¢,§‘.,AZ L; (.4. gap-ll 1'3 bar \ ('4 ...(:.‘. . b C‘Ql‘SL P “ifiwe “‘03 '4r135 0‘ . '4 ' I -,>.~ . . \‘o? . 4.4..5‘4. W Lu}. Jvfl ”luue Swfirle flfifi%le Sfififilfi Snfiéle 190 uedh ...... iLu-L luL.C lzn.c ELL.D é; " ...... lpp.c léi.i 100.0 16!.0 2Q " ...... 103.9 «a-.U l£f.0 lf'.C 14 " ...... lpc.o luL.L 1:5.0 arc.o 8 " ...... luL.0 luL.o lCu.L . 100.0 4 a 00900. lOU.0 ILU.C 10L,“ :QU.0 3'8 inch ..,,.. 7L.0 L8.0 62.0 74.; 5/4 " ...... 0.0 1.0 1.c 1.0 1 1/04 H 0.00.. :vo’M (-QCJ CgU 0.0 C. 0-. 0. 0'”- .— .II- x v - O . ‘ ,‘ 5 t~,-_a--:-w ’I’~".."“r r‘ v“. Tr! - 7‘3 I‘VV‘J- ‘JULJ'J ‘I‘IL—dv —-k- ‘v '1 ‘~‘~\\VL"‘J§-’ . . . . . ' . . . . ‘.. ‘.; gfic Fg¢o¢gqure £913flu?fl. fwr raFin” fire concrete 0 n . .. ‘ - - .L . ---- Av”:- .-'.-~ ‘ ~ "'A11"."fl.* :wnw T~‘ ~ _ r _‘: - VHF!" nr‘*.- pr“) C “'1 Lac. N‘ .5 VI 44 'h n. Iv - " "0 ‘4 . ‘h. ~ ---'- ~0- - .- A.-. \‘ -_.J... - -‘~ C(_ 7-. ‘ ”a r‘v - v '- “e d . - . "'“""‘f\ 0-" vr~r3 4- «1“ \‘ -P~-;q -‘ 1 + *_r' w‘finws”. Hflrfif‘q‘n‘uF" 9"”! +f‘_ *npsh'r‘! (\fifif) n ‘4... ‘u -~-......-‘ w. -3 ‘J U—hh J. o— #- Mu ,~~~ \- . - t .a' . .'» u...-~- ..|. L- .. -. ’.. 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J “J. .— _. ,.q .- n '7'.“ ~«—..-. t“, "1’" t." I“ ‘1'" -“ P" 1:. "“1 “F“ :3 A--- -\ A «#1 mm.‘ " '\ "3'? I‘ r‘. n N A - -~ r- r L. b J . ‘_- ‘ xv! . ,Kuo- . .- .5 U— bu J 1‘ *dk ~S ‘,‘4 ‘L ‘ V., . .\‘J- l J~ a. ‘4' I‘ ._ . :. -.‘ . .‘- u . ‘ 1.- ‘4 0‘ *— f‘“‘ I l a.” a"... - n? L .- —‘ n n — . + ex ‘4 I - I. . m. I" .a go. A 1“ f, ‘ .l oi w-Y“ t‘ ‘v—t" . I‘ f . '3'-‘ .‘ u p. a. o .J' o. q- v-L. ~~ VJ no“ .3. - _ V ~‘) . K I- ' -. . 5' § J I.- lu ‘. . - . . M, . - .. 1 ~ ’ 1 -h-R-Q‘r‘Vl. ‘.’qfl"'~ ’- + w o- n ?Jo\ .0 ; v. . A s _.‘ ‘fiok’ '3"I-'\ .. .\ Qu-(w A. |-h.1‘ - _‘- - .. . I'6.A,-V ,1... my I L ‘. J. l-- *1-- 4- u) - 4 -- - -- o' ‘v 4-' U -. . ‘ -- a '4‘ ~-‘ ‘ .po- ‘- J l '1 ‘ J ’- - ‘u - l U" at .- -‘ L—’- - 5"” u. . . .J . .I Gui .'.J~.. .L 'd c .' . . -... ..- '2. .. O - 4a.. W 13.. _. - -.e. 1.- «.3.-. 41‘ .1 '9 .. .J. V . ca 9 urns-A f; a “, 'I E . A. . _ . .\ .A 1 , , (- .. \. ; V ask 4 v.0 “A ugh ,_ s w * Lat” ~"r‘. 1‘ ~m -.~ » -7A 11 b~ ‘- 7 *I‘ v- “'x‘r 1' ”-1 4 ”‘3’ =1 L 1 1‘ v-\ r. - w-x- 1m- ,.v" ‘0»1'5) t.- C- . s-axvv-Is-. I. s-- vCJ-~.I ;' ‘ \--: 4‘ 1- r *"l- I. ' ’ ' L! N 41‘ \- ~‘ IJ-L-ab . _- b— \o u _u. _ 50‘“. fl r1 I “wk-Hr. I. 1 /‘” fl"‘fi ”my.” +‘x’fio‘ It ’5‘” ‘-fl -'v ‘ | (‘3, ‘41. .'..\ J J—L: pf; .;-L~g1 'J. -3, 1-; 1—. .L I '4é.‘-4‘ U—{L ul— J 3,, n- . J.i a ) {J -o -.1 tJJ 1.. a 3.1. 'I .. ”V . --. . 1.. ‘1- 4. .. . I. . - u.L-'.~-'.‘.. u.-.C ‘33:]? . I: -'3 _myu- ut.‘ 10 ‘U‘.C‘1".‘V-...LCZ.OI'.-u,7 ore wauc' $32.8 :u '5 - L‘: .- -.° . ‘9 " 14. -. . 1-. . w .a .4 ‘ pr‘ 9 . _ ' V 3 .r,v V‘jf‘l. o‘-~rv¢ «ur (w AV «9 ~. ' . -\ Q l\ _~ \ ‘ - _. L \-u\;~k U\:‘ U—-V ---..o.UIM. v' Ltd—11V. uc-ur- ‘J- ~—L..~-' - .L $ CL-:-’ 1'1! (i 17"” jg 7" ""'q *"WH‘" ......._... .. rt.“ .0 ‘01. 'be 4. fi_.__ .,._ '1. ... ~. .4‘ 4 . g; (1.. -t' ’ U.‘ K, t'-- ”ud‘fls ‘00. ill :o'l :- '2...” .‘ 5 C_:.‘; .. ‘J. .Lu" J:‘)O u]- .L”‘ ~. 2‘. r1 ”.1: .I‘. “‘4. . ‘ - +‘I ._ 1. . ‘V. : . .. -v . ,w v" - s _ .. v '3 , ' 2' ’ ‘ . ”(‘1 IV. I 0‘ . q .9‘ . . - .\ ‘ ‘ \ 5 , . ' y -\' T, ..‘. (7 .-‘ J"¥.... .. )\.|., U L!) ‘JkA ). 'l- :7 '1' '-.~‘ §~o-. . (2' 4.1‘-L.‘. .. 'uE h (1"1'Cr\) ‘J;\ ‘1 ' {‘- tIZKJJ'] "J U-‘ 0 .z. ...,-. ,1 ,1. ‘t. ... 1., .5”. . 3- - _1 , 'i .9 ‘3 , "3'” ., .. ..'.. u" .32. t ‘(TI‘ti-il' -’ I“ m.. can 2..)"-f‘;.:°.. «JIM. 3m N‘f: .. -, 7'1: (3*- 7x1" r‘33~g 27”" tK‘LTI r*‘4'f (““ 2T1?“*’ v1~fl cz‘w t**~’ Ar :2 c:;- «‘5 "VVw ~n1~ ——£-*v.d "olu v\ .I . -.- 075:3“) :1 flit. LLF'.’ ‘53.“ art-1203?)"; J (3"7.;'-.‘-:'sz1* 1.3%: '-";1} 91*. r. (’1' 1-1.3,tfl 1 1.x -.. . - .. - . .. A" . .'.". 3 V .. . v - .1 V “I. -..- _ . ' r‘fifl, . ‘ A r Q .' > . V 0- _ g‘ ‘ '\ 9-. z . ,.‘ , . ‘ “gun‘- U.-.'\, c, I F")! . cw. '1’: 'J(.}\'. g H \fl.‘ 4123.“; 'TI .5& C '-V-'.1..'~.'. TN 1-: .(L‘) .J. .' ("Jf‘. '..".L _- .5:::.4,fi”,~lv u IL'I ,‘ ‘Jr. ”(-5; r-. -.-_ .. ' '," V . _- L- V.‘.1 .. q l”. r- . . - _.‘. U 4L” ‘bk 5“. hi» .3 '1-«é34 3 (:1 « JI-I: l)” I?! ({(1 11 ~ 1' a U .' (1d. u-d—J .(' ' “.' Ui-’ ’. . ‘ 9'9 I fl” rs-‘I'x 1"7"? ‘1' fi‘. \- UJ ”(51 ‘- dial -.a.’ -12 cA-'(-- F L" l O I“ 31 Cf—7-Lf~.‘ .fiflrfi 'f‘l"".{) :1") 1.:‘I’ 3'; 'fi ‘7"1IIW ‘l‘i'E v‘.1:lf'“‘.'.-1 1'1“!" 5“? 1‘3" . . . ,. _ . a - - . ’0‘- - .~ .- .~ ~.., . J. a . ~- .- . rvw , - _ ~ , ~ -. 1 . 1“ . -.‘~ «_-~- TM; 5 -'fi. . .- ~ .’~- ,- ‘- g. ' ‘ --v- ‘ . n. Mn“ .5 ‘L‘ifi 'J" C' ' t. ' ‘ " "k‘ 'L .l " ('L.-"; I . J.“ I (’ t .L- -, I» I {L ?J.“ 0 ~. I»; o ' V I ‘. 6L . ‘1 .. -. . 1'. "T1 ‘-4-' 4.. “.1." n A“... '10 ‘ u n “ a f on ’ '13 -,--r (N A t. 1" . 4., ‘~ _ -I - fl :4- ,‘.- .- 1-3. -. - .., '. q - -. l. _. ..v .1“ CL1.J '4‘] ”"5 A ’- ~ 9 '1 Q' '5- ./ ‘J‘ -J-.-....!L "3.“- 1.! I ‘rln-i 94 L'OL Table 3. I Cont;u-31ve floats or concrete xietLod Percent c: kurtland COL£”CEEiVU Lbrcngth O; (£31745:- ;'i; 11: .L"u:11'::i::t‘.‘:"r3 3‘:-"p 3“")? 53.127. ‘k r V‘ - " .. -~- I i G ‘7" I wring, o.‘ iu--Ll.u1dund ( .3 1.1- x 6 5’“ cyl.) Exrmiwa_ 0-ircn33 1 GaJ ; any: zE,daJ5 :* irrna : rrr ;rsr. ;«'r: d.- -3 v' 7'4 ’ A“ a. r‘;u~ob qu “.2 énuu 4;; '-~‘~’|.- ‘ \ . I"- \[q . '- --....; cm: firm. «m, r LC: .. ’. cry Li? z;:&; £;;:# ’ ~ P uol I c— 1 N -"’n {.r.‘,, '7’ {J‘ I'd.- . I "- ‘\ ’~‘."". _.'-I‘ ‘P "€"‘. luau ~€Z~bu \JUMU W "1 ( a," r. :1 . I“ c‘ ft, 0.1. ) _‘ 3. l ’I \ ‘~ \ f":‘ I '. .'I ‘ V "‘ ' l , 3 . (.fl ~.-- ( I ‘ I. :‘t. K]. ‘_ pl‘jr‘ " I. -~ 3'" n "I .~ - [‘1‘; l ‘ '., z i I 1' 3"!“ -"._ .' u'] o a ' l‘ _- .t'-; ‘- * "'l' l ’ r ‘JDU .L ”JV Uy' \’ I. v\"‘ . ’5 ~ p -. - J. " an. C . ("\f- '1‘ r . I "f ‘ . ” "‘l' I‘ " I v‘i‘. :L‘L .LJ \JC I. I {I A 1 f 1" A, r L I I. \‘ g . " f‘”"‘r‘ l r f f‘, )0 QKJ£IU udcag ’ 1" ,--:‘-~ N. r“, : A"~r .- .14.ch 1|:( .‘4u: . .-.".. ‘QL‘ .."- f'-"\ if?) i EI'IJI, z . A“ t . ‘I‘ ‘ . 'I f (“N-r.“ _y;C I."‘ I 1, P‘ A ‘ If. 2 QC! 1 .Jr\ ..' c .«f. ("'31 "1 lu'JLuu 5 MC 0.0 0" .0 0‘!‘1' Q-n r1.” “' "' ‘V ' ‘5 "i." " " K~ a. U“ a“: J.» :’X_T.“l .9 i ’- H q f i m" 1‘.‘ -' i! r‘" (w ! ~ 00.0 -. (a ‘23.“ L) r\"-'§ ‘ -. t i . ---—' a.-. “I--- q '75" “4° 1‘ ’ (JUU fickrl.) ‘ijss’ .L-J’J "it'f'. -‘I ‘s u r ‘ A )0. C| ‘..|.( U " A \ 1'. p ‘I ,r’ :‘V. ”0L0 (1"? U4.) V'- v- " fl .- ‘- -Ir . \ L'J.b {25.0 I ‘4‘ i W lv.-6p0 ’ Jr}: Lblc S w: nr33 thrt ti? ” rcr*+* of thp Lott“ 11nd comafit is ang lew.ib Cs Qw;s tfiu 0‘H*r33'ivo Lgr‘ngth o; t}. Emvtian; ccment 3.23"ut3 rfinuld han h33n has 13.3 than £390 IDS. yer :1. ix..3 F3; *Efiu szaT" 5'? th't £29 shrnnyfn a: ta. 03233393 is fins onzirtly to tT~ 3?”3*539 cf 3‘:-:21 1:3.'.:,13"LL;..‘1 0.2:“. 31:35)? L-L: (:3 L‘i'jtffie: I.,'..': can. calculrnt: the (3.01T'._;?.“O;;‘.'3"V;) 33333332133: 1'1: Lyn 01‘r2t3 '7-73‘111 21:3.1’9 ”LO to the “arcentzro of Jumzx 33 0 want an;:;. E~r 3333 '31433 and 333 JSIISJ i: Tahla f3 tLa par 3nt 1933 in 3Lr0::th flfif tr 3 51731 garcont a: lorblaai swu:nt in La Lsni'*"“0 0&3 be 5‘ 4211:: c. 't . 11133;", 3?:gfix3; .-.,.1; LT: tigat $13 :13: cxfitll LL :7 ortécrv;fi3 w.=_°:i3;3 (xiitLi‘l c..::."b-:.';:7 ll‘tltu) (3.13.3301; ~.;.- ‘...L'33- 13).: r:*.’3-o 11:? tLJ VQZHTO 0; 032:33 ta tL3 volume of 337? g b;,.?? 07: dc~ 013.33? in 3;: gang-.1: rzrbio tL'. :' aim-1753 r2 .1} ' ‘ccr""" in 2L; Qflljx”fiiurf? str;1fi‘h.03 <3;;3r:t0,TLat i:,a.<.1““::zc 0? :fi in COKUYE .uuioo a do cross. of .;4 fl 1h atr;:yth.ihe stratustl-L m. 1: 1- ;' l='--»-::r:*-te <=~I :01" CHM"? ‘i‘ 3~—-0~e-—.3‘-i‘zl;3 tlia valuq as a haeiu 9.0 aireP"+’ 3f t1€ ct' ? $71101 ‘ue t3 tLe Infiniba 03" t can 39 c woulrtud,TL dti.£far3nca Lutnu»n o lculubjl value (It” as La; tha vcluu riVQR i3 3*Llo 3,13 LL? 3f; ct ““cuucvu b‘ 313 31v m :mrP'"aara of larflar oafiyr? in ,‘ Jfirfixtur3.\o atcemyt wilw »3 3w}: to draw CiflClUbiuTfi c-noarninj the effect c; wTiir‘ in fiiFO Cy- m~ut to icrblaLL oe'a t b03313» n3 tL 1“? SC?9T”Zh ufli*7 102...! l i'I‘tl fut-{xi Cull-‘17} It CC'I‘LCI‘. r.“ NJ C. 'J'JO-k )E‘DI'I. Gusts 3J3 U1ou-t .‘e t.fia of set of 3&33xtuv03 of I PM HI {Ann-gargr C '4' I" ll. . UNIVIIIITY CO‘OP. IADIION. MI. rarito and rcrtlanfi carafts art? a firth vet when tko vbr- ”.An ivrrrct- Icont of Frrtland rponoht V“?1?9 fror 40 f t6 FD ‘ ical wvrkina net in 0%tvirdfi wfior tkn Invonrt cf Fertlnnd co- nept varies between 40 fl awfi 9% 7. Table 4 shows that the additian cf rcrtlanfi cmnott t? Eyrvflte advent firnnzly d”0r9“7“fi tfia strowrth b? tfih Zur- rite c¢r3nt.Frnfi the regultg ohtfiinra Cf the t?“t? #933,1t 6"“ be eran" corollfléfl tPfit Portlani shfiuld not b0 fiixnfi t “a. o»- with.7unnite cmvnnt nrder any circvr¢tfincee . pt. 9 1- ‘? - Jun/$50 ‘4' EM :- 0‘ cu..- $1.136 - .4 1 A. .. s. u?t.&..3.- M --"-‘-- l .3 .u‘bi. ¢AaL UU ..~y.-- . “-1.- UU- ‘W..U u“ '1. L A 'N r _Ll'>. ‘J GAL of n . - ‘ built-3‘. ‘1‘sz le 43;. I" ‘n :5. ‘:-1- s- ‘ -'. .- fi . 1 . .-- ,.., -4. .1 ‘... .,..A .'- Quasi/3.4.004 bufbllfibh’. 5-., .VL_L 1 ‘ .3, snub“; Nut... .1 OLCLLP 'r— ‘3' . “'3 -:‘- '---. a mu— |II b Ud‘ lo."- V 'V*‘ I~liu¢3§§ F I 0‘4. 4144311659 "‘ r- w‘ifl -/‘L-.J t.’ .“.'7""1 "f 3 ’ I 0. Joy ' "‘§;.‘:: -. r3. ‘ 'N r.» r ‘- . '7': a o .9 '3 ‘l ‘ If? o-‘ a, x. i «3,, ' I \ ‘xrt ‘Vr. Irr':(\I—\ 7" ‘J'J't. ' ”flu ' H .g ‘ .. x I w a, L 7 Ian I. *5 a u r. U *w.~ ‘A I. A . 3., s U 1- “HI—hf; \ I UOhIPeBQLVO sorength (lbs. per sq.i --—0 beta: Val- aukon 1.13:3 fable 3. - $1 ~rrr: .. 'U u .‘n -q 'r\ C." I -.a" \n‘\- \_ I I; "I : ' ,7_ pk I\, .~,\ ’7‘“) _-, x! ,..t ~3 2433 :1 1‘13on farcefit de- crease 0" CA. by Lortland co- mer 1'3 1L2”! 1313’. ;":0'-':: - \(-. 7 i 'I fut" '1' . -. ..' 1m .'. y“ .- ‘v 9,: . wooehgss a 1: n1 1Vbbs baby on sz « o ‘ O 'I‘ v 11- .‘P .\.'\,. u‘g M -? r H (a 4‘ ‘ 0'."- art (M1: 177*— fie... p.- a ‘0‘ U. Q- ‘..o4t.’ a A *Jb/ 4. Di Q‘J ‘ an. U-OWa.‘ ‘c- .‘u- Hot -. ~ J- .‘v 9 I . 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T _. - " ”‘" . b'1‘” ‘ L‘" "" " b“: (7.1 :.':) “Z'J‘LJ‘.L-".‘3. .: I." ‘I c: 7‘ .f)q f‘vf)? ~0\J.‘ . . _- V n w “arc ”6 ‘wt% ‘ f ‘ ' V0 r—L -- . 14"., 8V... ‘o‘-:(“‘v}L A t~o3 A~I—~:rt'\§§1' so': 2" 1.: 1". 3, -I.“r3 VI.I-’P.J ‘1'; m‘ _ .‘ p I a .3 1". ‘t ’\ "| .,~"‘ I * P! A g k .1“ -. - . ‘ o L . , L V , ‘ ._ .LU . w, . a t ,...1.;..-..3- -,‘-..Q ,,,‘ J,_ ’ _ fl -- no .\ I aw. 4 _' \. -... . I”... _ ’ “ I ‘ ‘ -‘ ‘ O * ‘- 4 - C ‘- & ~53 Cu ‘1'. ., .-..-.I).'1. U‘ MD.) .‘1 ‘ q .. a: +- ‘- ‘ .';"W'~"'Q N' "i - ’ \~1 - m ~~~7 7 7. ' ‘ ' ' ~ l - -' . r- .- '_ 0 -'F* -_o- nu. ya» u - ’a n- . ~'~ V ' V .4 - 'JV V]* ”‘43- - Lu nub-u. w v.5). ,,’ -,'.-. 0 may; ' “lo 1'1 {)Ui‘ . h~%.‘h1"fl'l fu’~" I‘flc"-fi " 4"," “9v 'V‘F" -- k- . — q‘ - .— - - , ' -’ L " ' .J , .31 I it’d-o “’1‘. J .VH ...4 ~) g, ~ "/ "V‘- \i l 3;.L,L_; L. " -.;'t ;-I ”I’l: 1‘ :1 ‘Lt'.“‘. ’. \(‘V' | f; .1 - '— 'u\ s.» . Table 5. Compressive rests on 113 Standard Ottawa Sand Kortar Percent of Port- Compressive Percent of Port' Comprehsive land Cement in ttrength lawd Cement in strength Admixture of lam? (1bs,/aq.in.) Admixture of Lum- (1ba./bq.1n.) nite and Portland (2” cubes) nite and Portland (2” cubes) Cement 7 Days Cement 7 Days 2350 600 2750 1120 0.0 2500 80.0 112 Av.- 2830 onq Av.- 950 2500 3:50 770 5'0 ‘2999 50 Av.- 2300 85.0 700 259 3i~50 1w.- 740-- 2500 11,.0 ‘7. 5’3 750 Av.- 2800 92 90.0 7 O 2750 M295; >7§0 Av.- 850 15. 0 $75.39 AV.“ BLBO ' . 800 P 900 22-30 95.0 1000 n “I I”. .54” l“ «’0. 0 1.11.7? Av.- 900 AV.“ 2000 1000 1750 130 , 3L50 100.0 920 20.0 1750 JJQQ. 1 _I A...) ‘ 10 t V aJI’L' COPC‘UUS‘TT. S o. .L'L,-._u.:.t (,4. b-1123 .40- be .0.--:.u...ut , .: 4... - “a ~ , .. 0.34.8, we cc-.-.:cl...; 2. m3 1:02.” »1 e "H. ‘9 »._".'--J eruut,.f 31331 '0‘. of 12m Elmite 0073011). or .. "- ......,.; ' u v- 1‘... ‘-~ L 0 CUT-ilk 1'91 ‘9‘“: g- A. 4, 11 u £2 £1 in was .y ~ I: ._ 4.- 34.... .2 .Lu UH. div: ‘7 g: ‘ ~ & \ 2133311430 canon 0, sets: 0".“ .‘50 cox;ros:1cn Bibliography Effect of Curing Conditions on the Wear and Strength of Concrete, by Duff A. Abrame,Lanie Institute,Chicago. Design of Concrete Hiatures, by Duff A. Abrone,lewie Inetitute,Chicago. Concrete Age*IeBuee for Feb.,£orch, April and Hay,1025. Concrete Engineer's Handbook, by Noel and Johnson. (5‘ . .Iv.‘m|4u. r g Cllfl nflmnflfil t5- A STATE UNIVERSITY LIB I N RAR es 0 3 1293 3015 0857 MICHIG