I ‘9 .XK'W

'F“

9-.9«~ 9 M9197 .

 

r 9....

. g ANALYSIS. or DESIGN AND
OPERATION or A SWIMMING POOL
Thesis for the Degree of B. 5..

39.9..9ua9 39.... .V...99.r9....£

s...

.23.
V9.9... u... 9..............
91f

‘
s

.,l).‘(o’.
.a

C. R. V. Shelley

R. C. Hodgkinson

.9927

 

 

‘9’
s

, .
n
' I.
III
. .

'7'” "\
r s
'9 t5

‘7

t 9‘ 911:: '1‘.

' 3 34.;

 

\ .

1. 34-w- ‘0‘“ 4.,

 

THESIS

ANALYSIS OF DESIGN AND OPERATION.
OF A
SWIMMING POOL

BY

R. c: gpnqgmson c. R. v. SHELLEY

1927

“.5395

'5', O \i’\\

 

follows:

IllmliOilUCT’ION

—-—-— _‘A
——— v—w “— ——

mhis thesis is divided into two parts, as

Part I. Analysis of Design.
1. Analysis of loads--

a. Live
b. Dead

2. Analysis of Stresses-—

a. Steel
b._Concrete.

3. Analysis of sizes of
a. Slabs
b. Walls
Part II. Analysis of Operation.
1. Study of currents

2. Determination of chemical compounds
in water of pools.

5. Study of organic life in pools

4. Suggested improvements in the
Michigan State College swimming pool.

Acknowledgement is made of data given on

swimming pool filtration by the following firms:

The Everson Filter 00., Chicago, Ill

mhe Norwood Engineering 00., Florence, mass
The Sanitation Corporation, New York City
The Roberts Filter xfg. Co., Darby, Pa.
American Water Softener Co., Philadelphia

International Filter 00., Chicago, Ill IICXLQJ

mho Pwo‘ran flhfln 'i'oa‘ nh‘nOrv-h THA‘an

Robinson & Campau, Architects, Grand
Rapids, Michigan, furnished plans for a swimming
pool which is being built at the East Grand Rapids
High School(May, 1927).

The following text books were used for
reference:

Hool. Volumes I and II. Reinforced Concrete
Construction.

Turneaure and Russell. Public Water Supplies.
Third Edition.

Levine. Bacteria Fermenting Lactose and
Their Significance in Water Analysis.

Prescott and Winslow. Elements of Water
Bacteriology.

American Public Health Association.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Sewage.
Engineering News Record.

American City Magazine
Water Works Magazine
American Journal Public Health Magazine

American Physical Educational Review Magazine.

The Trusoon Steel Company, of Youngstown,

Ohio, furnished bar plans.

PAR” I-—ANALYSIS OE DTSIGN OF A STIKHIHG POOL.

Although it was intended to analyze the
design of the Michigan State College swimming pool,
this could not be done due to the fact that the plans
could not be obtained. .This pool is of the beam and
girder coestruction, set on columns instead of the
usual method of setting the pool on the ground with
proper footings.

The swimming pool that was chosen for
analysis is the East Grand Rapids High School
swimming pool, designed by Truscon Steel Co.,
of Detroit, Mich., under the architects Robinson
and Campau, Brand Rapids, Rich. This pool is
constructed of slabs and walls, the bottom slab
acting as a footing. There are no beans or
girders.

The design of this pool was analyzed as
follows:

1. Analysis of loads.

a. Live
b. Dead.

The loading used in this pool design and
analysis is as follows——

The live loads are 150 pounds per square foot.
on the slab at the edge of the pool where the bathers
walk. To take care of the live load for the pool

itself, 50 per cent. was added to the deadpload. This

also took care of impact. then batters enter the
pool thereis no added load due to the fact that the
water overflows into a drain thru the scum gutter.
The 50 per cent. added to the deed load was considered
sufficient for impact due to the fact that when a
diver enters the water the added pressure is
distributed over a large area.

The dead loads coesis+ of the water at
62; pounds per cubic foot and the concrete at 150

pounds per cubic foot.

2. Analysis of s+resses-

a. Steel

b. Concrete.

According to the Trucson Steel Company's
design, the steel in this pool is stressed to 13,000
pounds per square inch of cross sectional area; and the
concrete is s+ressed in compression to 750 pounds per
square inch. The concrete is allowed to take tension
of less than 200 pounds per seuare inch, or less +han
10$ of the ultimate compressive strength.

These stresses are higher than are usually
used due to improved methods of construc+ien and

methods of mixing concrete.

3. A alysis of
a. Slabs
b c '33113 0

These wall and slab depths were designed

eo’

 

 

mQx

 

W

 

 

 

\un .

\u\eh

 

 

 

 

. «is-3,4-

 

 

r\

 

J! h.\m_\0$2e\u.

for maximum points only. The reason for this is to

save money and time in building forms.

The following formulas were used to

determine depth of concrete and size of bars:

~-

in
T"

 

 

” Kb
= depth to steel
2 maximum montnt
: constant taken from tables
a breadth of beam 2 12 inches
= c + d
= total depth of concrete
= concrete covering for steel

'1! 4
= jbd hast be less than 40 pounds per. sq. in.
a unit shear
= total shear in section

7
=3:-

‘1'

z E ojd
2 unit bond stress
2 summation
= circumference of bars
= pdb
= area of steel cross-section

.008

 

\\M\

fix a\ne\.uxnmu

*Q tQ\.\I.U®b

u

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

,6)

 

..|.|c.¥ll.

a

I/ 2/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Y
\QM.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

He 3 (0
t 1%
h"
‘4,
a
/. i
:3 .
Crosssecf/bn
Marraflrfiv.
p .
r: t _‘ . For
a:
La 3

 

 

 

 

8:
45.17

‘7,

.51

aa:= fs'd
f8:= unit +ensilo stress of steel m 18,000 pounds
P = fiwlz

P = total pressure
w = weight per foot

1 = total length of been

For the walls we consider that the concen+rated
load P acts at a point one third the height from the
bo+tom. Using the value for P the two resultants were
found (see figure 1). The maximum moment is found
at P and equals R1 times a.

The resultant R1 was found to be 510 pounds
and a.= 4.66 feet.

Refering to figure 1, the moment was found to
be 510 x 4.66 a 2400 foot pounds.

lefeerring to figure 2, the moment 3
666 x 5.34:: 3550 foot pounds

Referring to figure 3, the moment is
166 x 2.66 = 450 foot pounds.

From figure 4, the moment.= 28 x 2.33
= 300 foot pounds.

Referring to section 5, moments are egual
tc—eeewxml159--4600w£eet~peundev

These moments are increased by one-half to

allow for impac..

Design of slab in bottom of the pool—-

This also is the footing for the pool. This is designed

as a simple helm supported at the ends. Width of beam

is taken

as 12 inches. R1 is found by computing

live-+ dead weight on one slab. Live + dead weight

equals =

R1 = (1 x 10) + (150 x 13) + (1 x 15) -.-. 1975 #

R2 = 765 ,1;

This resolves into a concentrated load of

2740 pounds at 15 feet. The moment.=: 6 x 1975

 

d== V 1297on .-.-. 9.5 inches
V 125

 

D = 12 inches

To get the amount of steel for the floor slab--

a5 a: .008 x 10 x 12 =.96 square inches
Five one-half inch round bars. This is OK

The above steel is for the top of the slab.

The same amount is used for the bottom of the slab. This

was found to be greater than the amount actually needed.

Design of floor slab around sides of the pool——

 

 

 

Span = 15 '
Moment = 1/12 w 12 = 4300 foot pounds
d = 42200 = 5 inches

V5 4125

D:= 9 inches, using three inch cover.

To find the depth of wall slab from the

largest bending moment—-—

 

 

d =rV' 3550_k412 x 1.5 = 6.5 Called 7 "
WW

 

 

3W0 and one-half added on each side to cover

steel.

Therefore, D = 12' '

To find the area of the steel-d99P part—-

a. =, 5550 x k2 x 1.5 = .58 sq. in.
S 18000 x 7/8 x 7

Two 5/8 inch round bars used. This gives

.60 square inches. Bars spaced six inches on centers.

To find steel area for the shallow part of the

pool---

1550 x 12 x 1
as = 18,000 X 7/8

'15??— ‘ “5°

One 5/8 inch round bar used--Spaced at tsehve
inches center to center. Steel area for one 5/8 inch
round bar a .50 inch.

Examination for bond-

u.=. 2000 _i ___ = 42 pounds
*12/6 x 2 x 1.96 x 7/8 x 7

2000

u at shallow Ind of pool = 2 x 1.95 x 7/8 x 7

= 84#

Therefore, bond is OK

m
H

.003 X'G x 12:: .53 square inches

Three 5/8 inch bars used. Spacing is 4 inches
on centers.
' The same area of steel is used all the way
around the pool, even tho the span changes.
To care for thrust at R2 a 9 inch slab
is used with the same steel area and Spacing as for
the slab designed above.

Test for compression-to care for R1 and R2

1:532 z

0 '7!" 4.

f
5/ sq. in
This is OK, as a compression of 750 3/ sq. in is

a]. lova'ed o

 

          
         

. .
.01 .. I . 0..
con. . . c a..“ . .vo Ine.n.w ..
. .0“..u .“1 0-0.1 acne-neat “av-out. o
. I. v. .. can. a o. no - .cao .
III-0.1% out. I
z .N... . .
f .I .

ifornia.

Wv’qvm'firv -n-.vonv
. . '.'. . . . . .<:: £EL :1-
Hills,
1 at Beverley
' ate poo
A priv

 

   

O
o

2.6 -

 

.
2....

\ .
.

’e

I

- .
n4—I
. .

.
o"-
'9fi‘ur

W‘s.”

 

 

v...
cu . .J
. .Yv .-
(-5. ‘u. - .ok...‘ -
..¢§ ~5H...uu..n
.\\u ‘3‘ U aunt“.
. c o
”.X c \\.-‘.IA.-
.. e D ‘e- on I.
. .g. .Iulo.
. . c .. ... no
. .«......
.u on
. I. o
.. .-
.eo-o.
..\u...
. In.
‘C
o ’ .
’Dllcn.‘u.linouu”.noe.o on. L
e no DI .- 0- Inn. on. no A
. liniiano.uuuaoon
In t I c u o o c a .
. I’ll-IIIo-oCuul .4
9c. coo-.Oan-c-oouu.oaaona.no.unu
I. cinnamon-cu.
.u. Incense-nuvoo-ocoo
.I . IOID On bloc-un- cle-II. A
u. Instance-noo-
”Io-.wfl I 'IFIOIIIIIOoutlinicovuclIo-oloc-cufl .
..Io..v l III-Inca. no o . ....
a... . a in t u a . .
I. .
.r-.
I.
.vlcl'o.
A u...
.. .2
.l .e..
C.
.0
I

 

O
on...
'» o e

- In on...- ......-.. .. ..
Ion. In. .0.- o.--.. g
I u a. I... no u. o n

u.......... .

‘el
7 l

l
I a
a p -
.“l-II-OIo-conol a
c o In cl .- l- .-
O I. t. a n o u a
’I I! I c I c a -

     

V-L-

o-I‘I‘

'w" "2:.

. .. .31“ b.3101??? -.

IV. .
.0. .
e. t )r.
1.‘ I I a ’F” . .
J .v» dfiofvorl ..
.u . w . ”“77. .1c
. . .

 

 

l.
e poo
he abov

nd filter for t

a

Heater

PAR" II—nnnLYSIz es OPBPn”ION, VITH RXCOLL ED 9
I?.-'..E’RC)V§I..Z“KITS O?" Tl."l,’3"'IE5G TIEIGIIS.

Very often a swimming pool is considered
merely as a tank to store water for the use of
swimmers. This is the wrong vieWpoint, as a pool
should be designed for the special purpose of
providing bathers with a supply of clear, pure,
' Sparkling water, free from dirty film or deposit
on the sides and bottom.

There are two methods of maintaining
the water supply of pools: the “fill and draw"
and the recirculatind and refiltering methods.
with the fill and draw method the pool is filled
directly from the water supply and is emptied
into the sewer when it is too dirty for further
use for bathers. In this case the pollution of
the pool is progressive as the bacteria, dirt,
lint, etc. from the bodies of the bathefis
accumulates in +he pool. This method is un—
sanitary and uneconomical and in some localities
is impossible to use. also, the pool is out of
use much of the time while the Operations of
draining, cleaning, and refilling are going on.

Tith the use of the recirculating and
refiltering method as usually installed, the
water is filtered, heated, and disinfected.

The water is drawn from the pool by a pump,
forced thru filters, sterilized, and returned *0

the pool. r"he generally accepted circulation time

for thebontents of the pool is from ten to
eighteen hours, ten hours being preferable.

As generally understood, filtration of
water means the removal of suspended matter
visible to the eye. To be efficient, a filter
must also remove color and odor, as well as
pathogenic bacteria, from the water. B.Gage
and Bidwell have worked out the law of purification
by consecutive dilution as appbied to recirculation
and flowing thru pools, as follows:

“It is proposed that the rate of water
interchange in a recirculation for flowing-through
pool be expressed as the ratio of the volume of
lcean water entering the pool in 24 hours to the
total pool volume. This ratio is called the turn-
over rate or T, as T = 1 when all the water is
circulated in 24 hours; T = 2 when the water is
circulated twice in 24 hours, etc. It is demonstrated
by computation and experiment that 7 turnovers are
requmred to remove 99.9 % of the dirt in the water.

lst. turnover removes 63$ dirt

2nd. ~ " 86%
5rd. " " 95%
4th " N 98%
5th " " 99.3%
6th " a 99.7%

To accomplish a purification of 99.99% ten
turnovers would be necessary
If the pool is used regularly by bathers

further increments of dirt will be introduced into

the water daily, and the removal of each successive
daily increment will proceed according to the law.
Assuming a daily increment of dirt equal to that

in the pool at the start and a filter efficiency of
100% with a daily turnover of T = 1, equilibrium
will be reached at the end of the ninth day when

the accumulated dirt in the pool will be equivalent
to about 58% of the amount present when recirculation
and daily bathing started; with.T =>2, this is about
16% in'4 days; with T:= 3, it is 5% in 3 days; and
when T =.4, 2% will be obtained in 2 days.

It is evident, therefore, that if clean
water is to be maintained, the recirculation or
flowing through systems must be designed to provide
a turnover tatio of at least two and that where
heavy bathing loads are anticipated, the turnover
ratio should be three or four".

As filtration is usually practiced, ti
consists of passing the water thru layers of sand
or crushed quartz or gravel. This may be done
either by gravity or pressure, called "slow sand'
and "rapid sandI filters. Slow sand filters require
a large area and are usually impractical for swimming
pool work. Pressure filters operate 40 or 50 times
as fast as the gravity, occupy a relatively small
space, can be easily cleaned by back-washing, and
provide uniformly filtered water at all times, with
but small waste of water (some is wasted in back-

washing).

.— -.-

 

-"'-‘.‘..'..

    

,. .I‘fi.’ :51"...
. i..-.-..-_._.t,w_‘

      

 

... .a‘ u

, .
'J‘,<‘¢‘.'~
I‘.‘ 1". .
g. .1 d. . ‘ O

a... u .v . '.-_
.°9‘*‘.‘:‘ 50“}; '.

, '1. '.“
v A .. .
as '%hfiru.~'
o e ‘ .'..<‘,. u
.‘I '. O»
o

\ _ .
. ‘ l _
_ 9
‘t | o“, . ‘.‘ w - v
- . o \o“ J -‘ a" rp'. ~ 1
_ ' o A . _o\'- . .. ' 5“ .1 40‘.:::' up
' - n "u....:.-” .o~.$'a‘ .' ~V " r .I. O.
‘ ffi'fit. ’ '
._..~.,..-$;:;;> .. .. .

5:1; it'-

    
  

l

' .' .. ‘ .'.- '..::.'

 
 
 
  
 
   
  

 
 
 

'r‘v-¢ - ’ ' '
-
.. . . . .. _ , .
\ ' f “
§

.'.~:-'.~‘-A'-“

  
     
 
  

 
 
 

 

- .*. 7;-

       

      

  

w:~:. '-'!-:--

Filters for the above pool.

 

' ‘ ' O. 90.. 0'....
‘y‘-" -.
-'.~A-v..0-o.o .-.0.--.o.. f.o....... "f’
‘..’I'...~"¢-'Oo._-..'..
. ..~-..

“.“4.‘:_-‘.-s
0 ' ’ o o
0.0... . .‘
no! "

V-
'9

'I.

l‘
o

\‘4 ‘.,',1 a a yu‘ ,‘.A 4 ’~,-‘

 

 

   

col, sterilizer,

 

and filters—Ohio University, Athe s.

The efficiency of the pool itself
depends upon whether or not all of the water
circulated thru the filters. With some designs,
there are "dead areas” which are missed by the
currents. This was found to be true of the
Michigan State College swimming pool. An eXperiment
Ias made upon a small model, made in exact proportion
to the big pool, with inley and outlet in the same
relative places, and of relative size. It was found,
by use of black ink as a dye, that there are dead
areas in each cogn'edrzlnftiegg'should be enough inlets
and outlets in the proper places to cause currents
to circulate all of the water. A design of a pool
which it is beleived will do this, is a paft of this
thesis.

The chemical composition of the water of
pools differs slightly from the chemical composition
of the water supply from which it is taken, due to
chemicals added for sterilization and clearing of
water.

There are three practical methods of
sterilizing water (boiling is too expensive as a
rule) : l. chlorine, either as the gas or as
hypochlorites; 2. ozone; and 3. ultra-violet light.
Chlorine is generally used, and it is this which
makes the greatest change in the chemical composition
of the pool water. In outside pools CuSO4 is used
to destroy the diatoms and algae which cause green
scum on the sides of pools, and this of course enters

into the composition of the water

 

e
I
-

._e
, '.\,
. ..
_,
.
c" I
I,-
I

l
‘

.‘3’I _.' .
- . . "I? L .h

. .3} w’Ll'.
‘ , \
, . .

 

- i'o-
s '. .‘C 4 i
.‘ '15 3.:‘»‘t"' .'
“3’“ 3’ '3;
ov 4 ' . ,.».l
«m. E!
..O 4
.4 . .

’ ‘i‘a’u'x
' .I'C

. Iii-ix ,
its is .v

l

/9 I ' '
., 1’ . I.
,If‘ ','- .

 

 

v

-' ..’-‘o ‘
~-~"hb8 -
-F? A

I"

p

I

-' s .‘ r F ‘

A - "‘ I

o - V.-
"o

A

' I

 

Kearsley Park pool,

 

 

 

Flint, Michigan

 

In cases where the filters are entirely inadequate,
and where large amounts of organic matter enter the
pool, nitrogen is found as albuminoid ammonia,
free ammonia, nitrites, or nitrates, depending upon
the state of decomposition of the organic matter.
In all natural sources of water there are sertain
chemical compounds, such as 8102 , Feos, A1203
Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, NaCl, H003.

Chlorine in pool, or other, water, must
be in the molecular, 012, form to be effective in
destroying bacteria. The amount of excess chlorine
must be 0.1 p.p.mdr not over 0.5 p.p.m. (parts
per million): The reason is that at least 0.1 p.p;m.
'is necessary to be effective as a sterilizing agent,
and if it gets over 0.5 p.p.m. there are offensive
chlorine odors, as well as smarting of the eyes.

Wherever sulphate of amumina is used
(as a coagulant) during purification of swimming
pool waters the water should be slightly alkaline
at all times

A test on the water of the Michigan State

College pool gave the following results:

Limit
Total solids— 240 500
Organic matter 95 less the better
Mineral matter 145 OK for pools
Free NH3 0.02 .05
Albuminoid NHS 0.01 0.15
Chlorine 4 5
Nitrate 0.55 0.5

The sample for the above test was taken

soon after the pool had been in use for several
hours, and the water had not been thru the filter.
This accounts for the high organic matter as well
as the nitrogen compounds.

At the college pool chloride of lime is
used as the disinfectant. This is mixed with the
water as it goes thru the filter in a special mixing
device. The chloride of lime is of a 0.5 to 1.0
per cent strength. The cost of the treatment is
quite low, ranging from ten to thirty cents per
million gallons. In cases where the pool is grossly
polluted it is necessary to apply the chlorine directly
to the pool. This is best done by making a sack of
some porous cloth, as cheescloth, filling it with
chloride of lime, tying it on the end of a pole, and
dragging it thru the water of the pool. In this way,
the dead areas in the corners can be thoroughly
disinfected.

It has been siad that the pool water should
be on a Idrinking water“ standard. Few pools
measure up to this standard, and certainly the M.S.C.
pool does not (1927). Tests of the pool water showed
that gas was produced in lactose broth fermentation
tubes, showing the presence of 8.0011, which is an
intestinal organism. It is not nenessary to go
further with the A.P.H.A. or Treasury Dep't tests
to show that this water in not up to the standard

mentioned above.

.0.

l

.r
L
.’
Y
.

I. '-m.._ flétuiim

. k a. ..
k='-!-c‘ 3%.: ‘02.
. . m .

/
I!

m
a

\t A

at.

_ a—

5. -

 

 

 

 

 

6
S
u
o O
H r
e
b t
u l
l .1
C f
O
0...... 8
Ch r
O u
.I S
O s. S
S e
.u r
Kb 0.
.m 1
31 8
r0 .T,
e0 n
.T. O
1 Z
.1 .1
f r
0
d h
n
a A
l
0
O
P

 

A sample of water taken at random from
a swimming pool is sure to contain much minute life.
The character of this life varies somewhat with in-
door and outdoor pools, as well as with climatic
conditions. However, there is sure to be certain
organisms from the bodies of the bathers, due to the
fact that bathers do not take a cleansi g shower
before catering pool, and that ordinary decency is
not always practiced while in the pool. Sometimes
pools are used by those having skin disease, sore
or inflamed eyes, cold, nasal or ear discharges,
or communicable déseases~-all of which cause
pollution of the water.

There is another class of organic life
in pools-~the minute flowering plants, or Algai
In outdoor pools which are not properly treated
iith OOpper sulphate, there is found growths
»of such plants as vallisneria (e11 grass),
pontederia, alisma, lemna, etc. As thesetdo not
cause objectionable tests and odors, and do not
have pa‘hogenio reac+ions, they are of importance
only in a mechanical way; that is, they must be
removed if they get too thick in the pool.

There is another group of the algae
which posses bad odors and tastes, and areof
importance in pools—-the ChlorOphyceat These
are grass green in color, and when allowed to
grow they form a thick scum, commonly called
"frog spit" or "Pond scum“, on waters. Henbers

of this group are the schizophyceae, Synura,

and Sycnrypta

There are only a few species of diatoms
which are known to give rise to serious trouble
in swimming pools. When these are present the
infected water has an odor resembling fish or
geraniums. This condition is often preduced by
Asterionella. None of these were found in the
M.S.C. swimming pool, the water having no odor
either cold or heated

For safety of bathers the bacteriological
examination of pool water is of paramount importance.
This thesis will not give the technical deatils
envolved in the various prodedures for determining
the bacteridldgical content of pools. They are
outlined in the l'Standard Methods of Water Ananysis"
issued by the American Public Health Association.

For the benefit of any who may wish to
use this thesis later, some standards for the
water of swimming pools will be given. I

A. Bacteria count on agar-2 days-20° 0.
Not more than 10% of samples covering any considerable
period shall contain more than 1000 bacteria per c.c.
No single sample shall contain more than 5000 per c.c.

B. Bacteria count on Agar or Litmus Lactose
Agar-24 hours-57° C. Not more than 10% of samples
covering any considerable period shall contain more
than 100 bacteria per c.c., and no single sample
shall contain more than 200 per c.c.

C. Partially confirmed test. Not more than

two out of five eemnlee collected on the same dav- or

not more than three out of any ten consecutive samples
collected on different dates to show a positive test
in 10 c.c. of the water at times when the pool is in
use.

The above is adapted from the American
Journal of Public Health.

Bacteriologicil examinations of the water
of the college pool showed positive in the
presumptive tests for Bact. 0011, there being gas—
producing organisms in a majority of the 1 c.c.
samples. Typical colon bacilli were isolated.
Careful isolation of bacteria in pool waters shows
the following groups; fluorescent bacteria, the
chromogenic bacteria (violet, yellow, and red forms),
organisms of the colon-aerogenes group, organisms
of the proteus group, non-gas-forming, non-
chromogenic, non-Spore forming rods which do not
produce proteus colonies and may or may not liquefy
gelatin rand acidify milk, spore formers of the B.
subtilis type, and white, yellow, and pink cocci.

The swimming pool at the college gymnasium
should be improved in two respects-more efficient
filtration and sterilization of the water, and
some arrangement of inlets and outlets which will
permit all the water to go thru the filters, eliminating
the “Dead areas".

The former may be handled by installation
of another pressure filter plus improvement of the

Operation of the existing one.

The M.S.C. swimming pool is 90 feet long
by 30 feet wide. The depth at the shallow end in
5% feet; at the deepest part, 10 feet; and 8 feet
at the deep end. The inlet is in the denter of the
shallow end, about 18 inches from the top of the
pool. The outlet is at the deepest part of the pool.
There is only one inlet and one outlet. This pool
should be improved by installing at least three more
outlets, evenly Spaced in the deepest part of the
tank, making 4 in all. Five more inlets, making
six in all, should be installed so as to cause the
currents of water to flow thru the entire pool
toward the outlets. To do this, inlets should be
placed at about the seven foot level in the deep end
of the pool. Care must be used in dealing with the
hydrauliés of this situation. The two inlets at the
seven foot level of the deep end should be placed
about 18 inches from the sides of the pool and the
third inlet at this endshould be about three feet
below water level. The three inlets at the
shallow and should be placed similarily to those at

the deep end.

 

 

 

Method of feeding a chemical to water.

 

 

 

 

 

was i

.
p‘
.ufiee'li‘
.

:K“:‘:‘;..
- -. CA

.
c.c.-let..r'
gent-l-
I

Y”...

AIII‘.)'V.

I
.‘t.'e':’::¢men

'5; _ ' ' . . .. . . .. , .: . 9...: a,
'-.--‘ .‘ ."' I . .n I- e ' -
"fiz: . . .' i. .'. .' h ‘
I IICUI. p. .l I . . '1. -‘.'., "‘.:I.M+:O'O. A

 

Rosedale Park Swimming Pool-Covington, Ky.

 

 

 

 

‘ '35:
0:. '. ‘ I . A

o‘s‘.' 'e O
.','.e&\:-° 9 0 I v'

y.-

. e V‘).

V

'3'
f.
. '5

"
'Oo/

 

Filters for above pool.

. . . '
""0.-

'U

l .
. I
u

- n
I n.
'0... o

 

 

HIV.‘
0 0.... I e

 

O. I .‘.‘..I.e‘ .

'5}?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

\S‘W/M

 

 

e. C. Haber/M9044 1.2 7 c5.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

—' —'_'_l
————— K—_ _. _ _. _. |
+——. ________ * l
————————— ' ' 'hW' __ “M
f". - /}1 , : '
f” s . E i
M 1'5 i 1 .l . l
i \ I {u 'U,-~ ~I" I '
£3 ‘7 e \J—_"'T ll *1! ‘9‘
| a t! l'\ 0077.572? 3 .3 ' l
__ ~_ 1
i h \l :7 \H .. .__l C')\cm_ “WE F5505?
.. - I
I '1. S ‘ ‘ j : (8 p
‘.. ’ [FPUM
'-'/ 9. I ___ mm.—
" [:1 ”.1 ——————__ —_ *
I —':":__ _ _ _ _. _ __
1;: ::_...._ 7. saw

 

 

 
 
 
 
 

 

 

' nvaars

0077.5 7::
/

 

7'0
055/ CNE’D

r00 T/NGS

50/7‘ 1.0044 CO/xgx 770/14;

F/E’OM C/Tr -
14/167767? JUPPL)’ "

 

QC '

 

 

 

 

 

||
||
III
III
l
||
||
|
I||I
ll

 

\IHIHHIINI