A RECCMMENDED EXPANSION PROGRAM
FOR THE STUDENT UNION

OF
NORTHERN MICHIGAN COLLEGE

Thesis For Hm Degree of M. A.
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSKTY

Lloyd R. Jones
1958

1 ‘Hh'blfi

 

A RECOMMENDED EXPANSICN PROM FOR THE STUDBIT UNIW
0F

NGITHERN MICHIGAN COLLEGE

BI
LLOYD R. JGIES

' A THESIS
Submitted to the College of Business and Public Service
Michigan State University of Agriculture and
Applied Science in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of

MASTER OF ARTS

Department of Hotel, Restaurant and Inetitutimal mnagement
1958

ACKN OVEEDGMEN TS

No one has ever written a thesis of this type without advice and
encouragement, and I am not the exception to the rule. I am grateful
to Dr. S. Earl Thomson, Assistant Director of the School of Hotel,
Restaurant and Institutional Managemt, Michigan State University,
who has been aw adviser during this study. His suggestions and advice
have proven most helpful in the writing of this paper.

I am grateful to the stuients, staff and administration of
Northern Michigan College who replied to the questionnaire which I
sent out. I wish to thank the Union directors who gave me valuable
suggesticns concerning Student Unions and facilities which should be
included in them. I want to express aw appreciation to Robert
Skulstad for his help in the preparation of the sketches for the
proposed mien.

Lastly, I owe a debt of gratitude to my wife, Nancy. It was her
continual encouragemt and the time she spent helping tabulate the
results of the questionnaire and typing this paper which assured its
conpletion.

To all of them, my sincere thanks.

Lloyd R. Jones

cm

I.

II.

III.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTICN..........

1.
2.
3.
h.

HPANSIQI OF NORTHERN MICHIGAN COLLEGE STUDENT UNIQJ
FACILITIES O C O O O O O I O O

1.

2.
3.
h.
5.

Northern Michigan College . . . .
Statemmt of Problem and Procedure .
mion majectives . . . . . . .

History of Present Union . . . .

St of Northern Michigan College Enrollments

19 5'19 75 e e e e e e e 0

Northern Michigan College Student and Staff Survey

Market Analysis of Marquette Area .

Activity Program with Additional Facilities .

Use of Facilities by Teaching Dmartments

FUNCTICNS TO BE SEWED BY HPANDED FACILITIES .

1.
2.
3.
h.
5.

Opinions of Leaders in Union Work .
Data from Student and Staff Survey .
Data from Market Analysis . . . .
Data from Teaching Dwartments . .

Recommended Emotions to be Served in the

mend“ Facuities o e e e e

LAYOUTOFPROPOSED SPACE. . . . . .

1.
2.

SketChes and Dramgs e e e e 0
Priority Assignment of Facilities .

PAGE

\OUIWH

37
39
39

U

he
1:6
149

iv

CHAPTER PAGE
v. 0031' ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . S9
1. Capital Costs . . . . . '. . . . . . S9

2. (berating Budget . . . . . . . . . . 50

3. Feasibility of Project . . . . . . . . 67

VI. CONCLUSIONS AND mommnms . . . . . . . 68
1. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

2. Recommdatims . . . . . . . . . . . 73
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

BIBIJOGRAPHI................ 8h

TABLE

I.

II.

III.

VII.

VIII .

IX.

I.

III .

XIII .
XIV.

LI ST 01“ TABLES

Past and Predicted Studmt Ehrellmmts for Selected
fears as Show for Northern Michigan College . .

Staff Response to Questimnaire Regarding Percentage

Use of Present Unim Facilities . . . . . .

Staff Respmse to Questimnaire Regarding Percentage

Use of Additimal Union Facilities . . . . .

Student Response to Questionnaire Regarding
Percentage Use of Present Lhim Facilities . .

Student Response to Questionnaire Regarding
Percentage Use of Additimal Union Facilities .

Projected Use of Facilities when Student Enrollment
ROaChOB 1,500 e e o e e e e e e e e 0

Projected Use of Facilities when Student Enrollment
ROBChOS 2,000 e e e e e e e e e e e 0

Projected Use of Facilities when Student Enrollment
R68Ch98 2,500 e e e e e e e e e e e 0

Projected Use of Facilities when Student Enrollment
ROaChOO 3,000 a e e e e e e e e e e 0

Annual Net Income Needed to Retire Bmds . . . .

Square Feet Allotted in Proposed [him for
Additional F80111t103 e e e e e e e a 0

Square Feet Allotted in Proposed [him fa:
Presunt>F30111tiOU e e e e e e e e e e

Conplete Results of Staff Respmse to Questimnaire

Complete Results of Student Respmse to
Questionnaire e e e e e e e e e e e 0

PAGE

15

18

19

2O

2].

2h

26

28

7O

79

81

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE
1. First Floor - Present Student Union . . . . . 51
2. Second Floor - Present Student union . . . . . 52
3. Ground Floor - Present Student Uhion . . . . . 53
1.. First Floor Additim - Present Student thim . . Sb
5. Ground Floor Addition - Present Student union . . 55
6. Gromd Floor - Proposed Student Union . . . . 56
7. First Floor - Proposed Student Uhion . . . . . 57

8. Secmd Floor - Proposed Student Unim . . . . 58

cm I
INTRODUCTICN
1. WWW MICHIGAN COLLEGE

At the present time Northern Michigan College has limited mien
facilities. This study is concerned with an expansim program for
the Student Unim at this institution. Northern Michigan College is
located in Mquette, Mchigan in the North-Cmtral part of the
Northern Peninsula. Marquette is a city of 18,000 populatim on the
shore of Lake Superior. The main industry in the area is irm mining
and lunbering. The largest industry in the city of Marquette is the
railroad and its dock facilities for transporting iron are.

The cultural activities of the commity other than those offered
by the College appear to be very limited. Usually there are one or
two art exhibits, a travel series and a choral concert during the year.
That is the extent of the culture in the community other than program
put on by the local churches for their om xaenbers.

The recreational facilities for outdoor sports seem to be adequate.
There are anple facilities for winter sports such as skating, skiing,
snowshoeing and tobogganing. There are nice picnic areas and canp
sites throughout the peninsula. Facilities are quite limited for
indoor recreation such as bowling. There are two bowling alleys in
Marquette; one with eight lanes and the other with four lanes. From
early fall mtil late spring, the alleys are continuously used for
league bowling. There is a great need for activities in which people

2
can participate to use some of their leisure time. Most, if not all,
of the social activities of Marquette are on an individual basis
unless a person is able to belong to the golf club which does sponsor
some social activities during the year for its menbers.

Northern Michigan College was originally a teacher's college with
all enphasis placed on training teachers. In the past few years it
has gadually changed to a liberal arts college. The following de-
scriptim is taken from the Northern Michigan College Bulletin,
1957-1958:

"Northern mchigan College is dedicated to the training

of young men and women for positions of leadership and

responsibility in the professions and the social commity.

It has been an outstanding educatimal and cultural center

of the Northern Peninsula ever since it was established

as a state college in 1899. From tenporary quarters

serving the needs of six instructors and thirty-two

students, the college has grown to a campus of 160 acres

cmtaining fifteen buildings with a faculty and admin-

istration staff of more than 100 menbers serving more

than 1,300 students. "1

Northern accepts the ideal that higher education should be
accessible to all who have sufficient conpetence to profit from an
opportunity to attend college. Present policies regarding the selec-
tim of students are conditimed by state regulations and by the
availability of staff and facilities.

Instruction provides for a general educatim in which the enphasis
is directed toward the transmission of culture. Students are expected

to develop such abilities as thinking effectively, commicating

 

1. Northern Michi an Coll e Bulletin, 1957-1958, Marquette,
Michigan, p. IS.

3
their thoughts lucidly, making relevant Judgments and formulating a
code of behavior based upon ethical principles consistent with demo-
cratic ideas.

Traditionally Northern has been cmcerned with the educatim of
teachers. However, as a regimal college it serves others who have
varied professimal and vocatimal objectives. It is also dedicated
to the improvement of the quality of living throughout its geographic
area. It wholeheartedly recognizes and accepts its expanding respm-
sibilities and will be alert to the possibility of offering assistance
in other fields of service.2 ,

In 19149 the College celebrated its fiftieth anniversary with
appropriate exercises. (he of the outstanding events was the dedica-
tion of two new buildings, the Union Building and the Residence Hall
for Women. The Unim Building was named in hmor of the late Harry D.
Lee, who served on the faculty from 1922 to BM.3

2. STATEMENT OF PRCBLEM AND PRCXBEDURE

Enrollments in colleges and universities throughout the limited
States have increased rapidly from year to year. Northern Michigan
College is no exceptim to the rule. With the increase in enrollment,
mny of the facilities of the college have become inadequate. These
facilities include those used for the informal educatim of students

including the Student Ihim.

 

2. Ibid.’ p. 32.
3e Ibide, P. 15.

In

This study is concerned with the need for expansion of the Student
[him at Northern. In determining the expansion needs, consideration
has been given to a study of student enrollments from 19145 to 1975. A
survey of the students and staff of Northern has been conducted to
determine what they think a [him should do for the canpus and what
facilities should be included in the building. A market analysis has
been made of Marquette and surrounding area to determine what facili-
ties are now available to students, staff and guests of Northern in
regards to their food service, housing, recreation, social and cultural
needs. Personal interviews have been conducted with mennnbers of teach-
ing departments who might be using the facilities on a regular basis.
These departments include physical educatim,‘ music, fine arts and
continuing educatim. An attempt has bean made to receive opinims
from leaders in student unim work as to what a Union-should do for a
campus and what facilities should be inclnxled in the building. From
information received in the surveys and interviews, functims have
been recommended which should be included in the expanded facilities
of the Unim at Northern.

After recommending the functims to be included in the expanded
facilities, floor plans have been made to show the functims in rela-
tim to each other. A tentative cost analysis has been developed to
determine capital costs and also an operating budget in order to
determine whether or not the expanded facilities will provide mough
income to pay the cost of operation plus any indebtedness m the
building.

The final portim of this study includes conclusims dram from

5
the preceding portions. Recommendations deal will whether the Unim
facilities at Northern Michigan College should be expanded. Suggestims
have been developed as to when, where and how the expansim should be

initiated.

3. 111101 CBJECTIVES

A statement of purpose which was adopted by the general menbership
of the Associatim of College [hims at its Natimal Cmference in
April, 1956, as to the Role of the College Unim is as follows:

1. "The union is the community center of the college,
for all the merdners of the college family -- students,
faculty, administration, alumni and guests. It is not
Just a building; it is also an organisation and a
program. Together they represent a well-cmsidered
plan for the commnmity life of the college.

2. As the "living room" or the "hearthstone" of the
college, the union provides for the services, cm-
veniences and amenities the menbers of the college
family need in their daily life on the campus and
for getting to know and understand one another
through informal association outside the classroom.

3. The union is part of the educational program of
the college. As the center of college community
life, it serves as a laboratory of citizenship,
training students in social responsibility and
for leadership in our democracy.

Through its various boards, committees, and staff,
it provides a cultural, social and recreational
program, aiming to make free time activity a
cooperative factor with study in educatim.

In all its processes it encourages self-directed
activity giving maximum opportunity for self-
realizatim and fer growth in individual social -
competency and group effectiveness. Its goal

is the development of persms as well as intellects.

h. The union serves as a unifying force in the life
of the college, cultivating enduring regard for
and loyalty to the college."

Edith Ouzts Hunphreys defines a college unim as follows:

I’The term [college mim' inplies an organization and a

building. The organization, ordinarily composed of

students, faculty and alumni, is an informal educational

medium for individual and group self-discovery and ex-

pression through a broad program of social and cultural

recreation adapted to the leisure-time interests and

needs of the college community. The union building is

the Commity Center, the physical instrument for

inml ementing the objectives of the organizatim and

for facilitating a community life. '5

Paraphrasing from the booklet, Planning and meratigjng Collgge
[him Buildings,6 it is realized that the Union is a campus community
center. It may serve as a canpus art gallery, game room, party and
dance center, informal outing and sports headquarters, dining room,
office building, public relations agency, ticket bureau, bookstore or
conventim headquarters, to name a few. It may perform all of these
functims or a part of them, or perhaps still others depending npon
the plwsical structure of the building.

Many times the Unim is used as a laboratory for social and
cultural activities. It may cater to the cannpus at large, having the

bulk of its meetings and serving its dinners, it may provide facilities

 

in. Colle e Unims - 1956, R ort of Proceedggs of the Thirti-
TEEH AnnuaI Convention the Associatim o e ims,
p. I13.

5. Edith Ouzts Hunphreys, Colle e Unions) A Handbook on $1»
Community Centers, Ithaca, ew ork, Associatim 0 age

fifms, 19146, p. 11.
6. Plann and Qperating College Unim Buildigfis, A Manual of
er rinciles an arm im, ca, ew ork,
Association of College Unims, 19gb, pp. 5-7.

 

 

 

7
to teach the arts of leisure and recreation. The Union concerns itself
with the entire area of student life and interests outside the class-
room. It is cmcerned with exploring many possibilities of making
study and.play cooperative factors in education.

It is inpossible for the Union to be a specialized department
with a single meaning, like chemistry. This is true because the Uhion,
fundamentally, is another name for the people of the college in their
leisure time. If a Uhian is to respond effectively to the wide range
of needs and interests of the college population at leisure, it will
draw together under one roof those facilities and activities which
will give everyone in the college family -- students, faculty and alum,
ni -- a reason for coming to the Uhion.

Provision in the Union will first be made for activities that
hnmnn beings do in their more elemental daily activity. Places must be
established for meeting friends, lounging and smoking, and for dining
and refreshment. For students, especially, provision must be made for
dating, dancing and active games. Rooms and equipment mmst be provid-
ed which will encourage activities leading to congeniality that comes
from working together on common projects. Finally, the Union must
offer facilities that will introduce students to the enduring satisfac-
tions of the arts, hObbies and the creative use of leisure generally.

Another thing a Union should be concerned with is the citizenship
of students. Good citizens are not made through the advancement of
science or by reading the history of our democratic past. Citizens are
made when there is a feeling of responsibility for the general welfare

of the group to which they belong. Citizens are made by the experience

of citizenship.7

The Union is a ready-made laboratory for the practice of citizen-
ship. A place where all who will may have a part in the direction of
the union. Self-government in the Union through the different commit-
tees has to do with the daily dining and recreation of the campus popu-
lace -- two items which together account for over one-half of the ex-
pense of going to college and, even more important, account for that
indispensable thing we call morale. If a union, as it sets its course,
decides to emphasize this goal of active citizenship, if it looks for
all the means at hand of helping send out students who are service-
mdnded and socially responsible, it will not be wrong.

Some statements of Unions which Cdllege's should continually be
conscious of are:

1. "To provide a common life and a cultivated social
program for the students, faculty and alumni of
the university.

2. To serve as an informal educational medium for
supplementing the academic education of students
and, insofar as possible, for relating the aca-
demic and non-academic factors of education -
that the student's total training and experience
may be wellerounded and complete.

3. To carry out the meaning implied by the word
'union' or 'community center' by centralizing,
integrating and democratizing university comp
munity effort and activity.

h. To provide an education in human relationships.

5. To contribute to the student's education for
self-government and civic responsibility.

 

7. Ibid., p. 6.

6. To give students the opportunity, through co-
operative effort and self-government (in
determining union operation policies), to
affect many of the costs of going to college.

7. To maintain a plwsican center as an instrument
for inplementing the objectives stated above

and for facilitating a cgumuml life through
whatever means possible.

h. HISTORY OF PRESENT UNION

For several years prior to the time Lee Hall Student Union was
built, it had been the desire of Dr. Henry A. Tape, who was then
President of the College, to have a Student Union on campus. He felt
that informal education outside the classroom was as important as
formal education. He had the philosopl'w that it was the duty of the
College to educate the whole student rather than just to educate him
acadmflcally, that it was the responsibility of the College to prepare
the student to take his place in a comrmmity situation upon graduation
from College. The knowledge which a student acquired in the classroom
would be useful to the student only part of each day of his life.
Learning to live, work and play with other people was essential to the
student too as he would be in contact with people for the rest of his
life. It was also Dr. Tape 's philosophy that with the normal work
week becoming shorter as the years went by, it was part of the College's
responsibility to help the student become interested in some type of
leisure time activity. He felt by building a Student Union the College

would be better able to fill what he considered a void in the student's

 

8. Ibid., p. 7.

10
education. With these ideas in mind, Dr. Tape started to convince his
own faculty and staff, the State Board of Education and the State
Legislature of the need for a Student Union at Northern Michigan
College. His dreams finally came true in the fall of l9h8 when the
Student Union became a reality. The building did not contain all of
the facilities which he would have liked, but at least it was the be-
ginning of a new era in the life of Northern students. It is only
fitting to quote here what one educator has said, "A student comes to
college not only to learn to earn a living, but to learn to live a
life. '9 .

Lee Hall Student Union was dedicated in 19h? along with a women's
residence hall which is connected on one side of the Union. The Union
was opened in the fall of l9h8 on a.limited scale amongst plasterers,
painters, carpenters and other workmen who were associated with the
construction project. Lee Hall was no different than any other cellege
building under construction. Occupancy was desired before the building
was finished and so the college started to use the facilities one by
one as they were completed.

It is hard to determine the cost of the Union as it and the
residence hall were built under the same contract.and under the same
self-liquidating trust agreement. The cost of the two buildings was
81,123,500. Of this, $523,500 was appropriated by the State of

Michigan. It is not the practice of the legislature to appropriate

9. College Unions - 19%h, Bogart of Proceed s of the Thirt -
irs onvenAion 0 he Association 0 ege one,

5735

 

 

11
money to build union buildings or residence halls. However, the
other three Colleges of education in Michigan had been allowed to
start their self-liquidating building programs in the late 1930's
when building costs were lower than they were after world Hhr II and
because Northern had not been allowed to begin their self-liquidating
program at that time, the legislature felt it was their duty to appro-
priate money to help Northern start their building program.

With the legislature doing this, Northern was able to offer facil-
ities to students comparable to those at the other three Colleges of
education. The remaining cost of $600,000 for the construction of the
building was financed by a bond issue which was to be paid from income
received from the women's residence hall, the food service operation
serving both the women's residence hall and the Union building, and
from a student fee of eight dollars per student per semester and three
dollars per student enrolled in the six week summer session. The bond
issue was for twenty years.

The union building consisted of a cafeteria-snack bar combination
which would seat lhh peeple; a private dining room to seat twenty-five;
a conference room to accommodate fifty; a ballroom to accommodate 375
at a banquet and too for dancing; a small lounge; an office for the
director; kitchen facilities capable of serving 1,500 meals per day;
and the normal number of service areas. There were no facilities for
the recreational and cultural needs of the students.

In the fall of 1955, an addition was built on the west end of the
Union. It consisted of a bookstore, a private dining room to seat 108

which could be divided into three rooms of thirty-six each and a room

12
in the basement which could be used as a recreation room for cards and
table tennis. Also included in the addition was a men's residence
hall whose food service would be supplied by the existing kitchen
facilities. When this addition was built, the original private dining
room was rendered no longer suitable for dining, so it was remodeled
into an office.

In the fall of 1956, one section of the new private dining room
in the addition was remodeled for use by the administration when enter-
taining guests on campus. Thus, the private dining room space was re-
duced by one-third, although the remodeling of part of it served a
definite need on campus.

It has been the policy of Lee Hall to serve the following groups:
students, faculty, alumni, college sponsored groups and outside groups
or those not connected with Northern. Reservations for groups are
taken.in the preceding order with students being given precedence over
all other groups. Because Lee Hall is the only place in the community
with facilities for groups over one hundred for special dinners, there
has not been any friction between Lee Hall and the local restaurants
and hotels. Before the Uhion was built, there were several meetings
with local restaurant and hotel people as to the role the Union would
have in the community. The philosophy in regards to outside groups
has been that the Union is only supplementing the city's facilities
and is not in competition with them. The local restaurant and hotel
people realize that with the college offering more facilities for
students, the enrollment will increase and their business will increase

also. By having a complete understanding of the philosophy by all

13
parties concerned before the union was built, a lot of misunderstand-
ing was avoided.

Lee Hall is used for meetings by student organizations, staff
committees and educational groups. workshops and conferences are
conducted in the building when facilities are available. Luncheons,
banquets, teas and coffee hours are served to the same groups as
listed above plus non-college groups from Marquette and surrounding
area.

In the school year 1956-1957, a total of 96h scheduled events
were held in Lee Hall involving h7,399 peOple. Student sponsored
events accounted for Sh3 of the events involving 27,011 people. Non-
student events accounted for h21 events involving 20,388 people.
Understanding that the Union was open only 29h days out of the year,
it gives an average of 3.3 meetings per day with an average of h9.2
peeple involved in each meeting. These figures do not include any
people who use the cafeteria, lounge and recreation room on a day by
day basis. Accurate figures were not available for preceding years

that Lee Hall was in operation.

CHAPTER II

EXPANSION 0F NORTHERN MICHIGAN COLLEGE

STUDENT UNION FACILITIES
1. STUDY OF NORTHERN MICHIGAN COLLEGE ENROLLMENTS 19hS - 1975

Northern Michigan College, like most institutions of higher
learning, was at a low'point in enrollment in the fall of l9h5 with
281 students. Northern also followed the national trend in the fall
of l9h6 with a large increase in enrollment due to the end of Hurld
war II and the Public Laws 16 and 3h6 which enabled many veterans to
attend cellege and further their education. The increase in enroll-
ment continued through the fall of 19h9 when Northern had 1,022
students. With the outbreak of the Korean Whr and the veterans of
World War II finishing their four years of college, the enrollment
started to decline until it reached another low point of 562 students
in the fall of 1952. Since then there has been a steady increase in
enrollment to the present time and it is anticipated the increase will
continue to 3,000 students in 1975.1

The Table on Page 15 gives the actual fall enrollments from 19h5-
1957 and the anticipated enrollments from.195841975. The percentage

increase or decrease is given for each.year as compared to the preced-

ing one.2

 

1. Information taken from an enrollment data sheet prepared by
Mr. L. O. Gant, Director of Admissions, Northern Michigan
College, Fall, 1957.

2. Ibid.

15
TABLE I

Past and Predicted Student Enrollments for Selected
Years as Shown for Northern Michigan College

 

Increase Percentage
Year Ehrollment or Increase or

Decrease* Decrease»
1%5 2m. - -
l9h6 930 6&9 231.0
19h? 1,011 81 8.8
19h8 1,002 9* .9*
19h9 1,022 20 2.0
1950 830 192* 18.8*
1951 618 212* 25.5*
1952 562 56* 9.1%
1953 581 19 3.h
195h 735 15h 26.5
1955 888 153 20. 8
1956 1,090 202 22.7
1957 1,277 187 17.2
1958 1,h00 123 9.6
1960 1,600 200 1h.3
1965 2,000 boo 25.0
1970 2,500 500 25.0
1975 3,000 500 20.0

16

From this table it is readily seen that the enrollmsnt at North-
ern Michigan College is steadily increasing and is predicted to con-
tinue to do so for the next seventeen years. There are no projected
enrollment figures available after 1975.

It is no secret that a Student Union Building opened in 19118 to
serve the needs of 1,000 students will become inadequate as the en-
rollment goes above that figure and continues to increase. As this
happens, preparation must be made to accommodate the additional stai-
ents who enroll on the campus. The following section deals with a
survey which was sent to the staff3 and one-half. of the students at

Northern mchigan College.
2. NORTHERN MICHIGAN COLLEGE STUDENT AND STAFF SURVEY

A survey was distributed to one-half of the students and to the
entire staff of Northern.’4 The purpose of the survey was to ascertain
the amount of usage the present facilities receive and also to find
out the approximate usage of additional facilities, were they to be
incorporated into an expanded facility. The students who received the
survey were impartially chosen. An alphabetical list of all students
enrolled the fall semster of 1957 at Northern Michigan College was
used as a source for the names. By starting with the first name on

the list and then taking every other one through the entire list, the

 

3. Staff meaning administration and faculty. This does not
include clerical, maintenance and food service personnel.

1;. See Appendix, p. 77.

17
names of those to receive the survey were chosen.

The survey listed the present facilities of the Union and the
additional facilities which might be included in an expanded program.
Opposite the list of facilities were five columns which were to be
checked as to the amount of usage. The columns were headed daily,
weekly, monthly, seldom.and never. There was space left at the bottom
of the page for additional suggestions and comments. There were 115
questionnaires sent to the staff with 89 being returned for a 77.h
percentage. There were 635 questionnaires sent to the students with
293 being returned for a h6.l percentage. A covering letter was sent
with the questionnaire explaining its purpose and requesting the
cooperation of all concerned in this study.5

Table II on page 18 gives the percentage of use of the facilities
in the present Student Union by staff members on a daily, weekly and
monthly basis. In Table III on page 19 is the percentage of antici-
pated use of additional facilities on a daily, weekly and monthly
basis as indicated by staff members on the questionnaire.

The student response as to their percentage of use of the present
Union facilities on a daily, weekly'and monthly basis is listed in
Table IV on page 20. Their response as to anticipated use of addi-
tional facilities which might be included in an expanded Student
Union is listed in Table V on page 21. A complete summary of the re-
sults of the survey is in the appendix. The total responding to each

item and its percentage of use is listed in table form.

 

5. See Appendix, p. 78.

18

TABLE II

Staff Response to Questionnaire Regarding Percentage
Use of Present Union Facilities

 

Facility Daily Ween; Monthfilz__
Cafeteria 11. 8 18. 8 11. 8
Snack Bar 27.2 19.8 h.9
Recreation Room 1.11 1.1; 11.3
Private Dining Room 0 111.5 21.7
Meeting Rooms 2.5 19.8 30.9
Ballroom 0 2.5 23.7
Lounge 1.14 6.8 13.5
Cloak Room 27.6 28.7 16.1
Bookstore 2.2 ' 31.5 110.1;

IUIOI‘Mtim D331! 2 e 6 7 o 7 110 S

19
TABLE III

Staff Response to Questionnaire Regarding Percentage
Use of Additional Union Facilities

 

Faciligz Dailz;_r weekly' ltxfigggL__
Table Service Dining Room 6.7 114.7 18.6
Additional Meeting Rooms 2.6 214.7 22.1
Auditorium 0 10. 8 16.9
Lounge for Women (lily 5.9 2.0 2.0
Lounge for Men Only 12.5 12.5 8.9
Faculty Lomge 25.6 37.2 7.7
Browsing Room 6.1 2h.2 12.1
Music Listening Room 1.11 16.9 111.1
Television Room 3.9 7.8 15.6
Student Organization Office 1.6 3.3 6.6
Student Organization Storage 1.7 O 0
Arts and Crafts Room 0 5.9 10.3
Outing Headquarters 0 3.1 6.3
Billiard Room 3.0 9.0 3.0
Table Tennis Room 3.0 ‘ 6.1 6.1
Card Room 14.11 lull 7.1:
Bowling Alley 2.9 22.1 8.8
Barber Shop 0 16.2 1411.6
Beauty Salon 0 0 6.7
Guest Sleeping Rooms 0 2.9 8.6
Check Room 11.9 9.0 10.1:
Alunni Office h.8 6.5 1h.5

20

TABLE IV

Student Response to Questionnaire Regarding Percentage
Use of Present Union Facilities

 

Facility, Daily weekly Monthly
Cafeteria 25.6 1h.h 2.9
Snack Bar 51.9 20.1 3.0
Recreation Room 23.7 22.6 8.h
Private Dining Room 8.h h.0 9.5
Meeting Rooms 1.h 2h.2 2h.9
Ballroom 1.1 11.3 26.5
Lounge 22.6 30.0 10.1
Cloak Room 26.9 15.5 12.h
Bookstore 10.3 56.7 2h.1
Information Desk 3.2 6.1 6.9

21
TABLE V

Student Response to Questionnaire Regarding Percentage
Use of Additional Union Facilities

 

Facilities Daily Weekly Monthly
Table Service Dining Room 11.5 9.2 7.3
Additional Meeting Rooms .7 111.6 17.2
Auditorium 1.1 28.2 31.6
Lounge for Women Only 12.1 13.3 2.5
Lounge for Men Only 16.6 15.0 h.3
Faculty Lounge 0 0 O
Browsing Room 15.11 314.6 8.6
Music Listening Room 9.6 38.1 10.7
Television Room 20.1 33.8 9.7
Student Organization Office 8.6 11.5 17.5
Student Organization Storage 11.9 11.14 12.9
Arts and Crafts Room 8.5 17.14 111.8
Outing Headquarters 2.7 13.8 18.5
Billiard Room 12.7 19.0 12.3
Table Tennis Room 117.9 26.1 17.0
Card Room 13.9 26.2 12.7
Bowling Alley 13.9 38.0 21.2
Barber Shop 0 12.2 32.5
Beauty Salon 0 11.2 13.1
Guest Sleeping Rooms 0 6.5 13.0
Check Roan 3.3 11.5 11.9
Alumni Office 2.0 2.8 0.8

22

From.Thb1es II and III of staff responses, the following facil-
ities are most popular on a daily to weekly basis: cafeteria, snack
bar, meeting rooms, cloak room, bookstore, faculty lounge, lounge for
men only, browsing room, bowling alley, barber shop and check room.

No attenpt was made to project the usage by hunters in the future be-
cause the estimated number of staff members which will be required
with an increase in student enrollment is not available. The increase
in staff is not only governed by the enr011ment but also by legisla-
tive appropriation.

The most popular facilities designated by the students on a daily
to weekly basis in Tables IV and V are as fellows: cafeteria, snack
bar, recreation room, meeting rooms, lounge, cloak room, beckstore,
table service dining room, auditorium, lounge for women only, lounge
for men only, browsing room, music listening room, television room,
student organization offices, arts and crafts room,‘billiard room,
table tennis room, card room and bowling alley. Only those facilities
which have a combined total of more than twenty per cent of the stud-
ents using them on a daily to weekly basis are listed above. The
barber shop shows a use factor of over forty-four per cent on a weekly
to monthly basis. It is safe to assume that it would be a desirable
facility as several respondents indicated a desire for it, stated they
would use it every two weeks, and checked the mmthly colum since no
bidweekly'column was listed.

The percentages of usage presented in Tables IV and V were used
to ascertain the actual number of students who would use the listed

facilities when the campus enrOllment reaches 1,500; 2,000; 2,500;

23
and 3,000, From Tables VI, VII, VIII and IX which fellow, conclusions
can be drawn as to the advisability of including certain facilities in
an expanded Student Union. Even though the percentage of students
using certain facilities is small, when the percentage is projected to
actual number of students, it becomes evident that the facilities
would be in constant use. A good example of this is the student organ-
isation offices with a percentage use of 8.6. with an enrollment of
1,500, 129 students would use the offices daily, It also should be
mentioned that many facilities will be used weekly or monthly by stud-
ents. All students will not use then on the same dey of the week or
month so, consequently, the facilities will be used constantly,

In order for a facility to be included in an expanded program, it
is not necessary for it to be used by all students. Many respondents
indicated that they were married and were working full or part-time
and so did not use the Uhion facilities. Also it should be noted that
many students at Northern have not had the opportunity of visiting a
canpus where a Union with all of these facilities was available. If
they could have this Opportunity or if the facilities were provided,
it can be assumed that the percentage of usage would increase.

Many staff members and students wrote couments on the question-
naire. Some of the staff comments which merit mentioning are as
fellows: Cafeteria and snack bar should be separate rooms rather than
a combination room.as in the present building; more parking area is
needed near the union; the Onion should be a separate building rather
than sandwiched in between two residence halls as at present; and a

union built with more atmosphere is needed. Some of the comments

TABLE VI

Projected Use of Facilities when
Student Enrollment Reaches 1 ,500

2h

 

Facilities Daily Heele Monthly
Cafeteria 381; 216 m.
Snack Bar 779 302 1&5
Recreation Room 356 339 126
Private Dining Room 126 60 11:3
Meeting Rooms 21 363 37h
Ballroom 1? 170 398
Lounge 339 1:50 152
01031: Room 1501; 233 186
Bookstore 155 851 362
Information Desk 118 92 1011
Table Service Dining Room 173 138 110
Additional Meeting Rooms 11 219 258
Auditorium 17 1123 Mt
Lomge for Hanan any 182 200 38
Lounge for Men Only 2h? 22S 65
Faculty Lomge O O O
Browsing Room 231 519 129
Music Listening Room 1M: 572 161
Television Room 302 507 11:?
Student Organization Offices 129 173 263
Stuient Organization Storage “It 171 19h
Arts and Crafts Room 128 261 222

25
TABLE VI (Continued)

 

Facilities DailL Weeklhv— Montfl
Outing Headquarters h1 207 278
Billiard Room 185 285 185
Table Tennis Room 22h 392 255
Card Room 209 393 191
Bonding Alley 209 570 318
Barber Shop 0 183 888
Beauty Salon 0 63 197
Guest Sleeping Rooms 0 98 195
Check Room 50 68 7h

Alumni Office 30 36 72

TABLE VII

Projected Use of Facilities when
Student Enrollment Reaches 2,000

26

 

Facilities Daily Weekly Monthly
Cafeteria 512 288 58
Snack Bar 1,038 hoz 600
Recreation Room 1171; 1152 168
Private Dining Room 168 80 190
Meeting Rooms 28 tab 1198
Ballroom 22 226 530
Lomge 1452 600 202
Cloak Room 538 310 21:8
Bookstore 206 1 ,1314 1:82
Information Desk 614 122 138
Table Service Dining Room 230 1811 1116
Additional Meeting Rooms 1b 292 3th
Auditcrium 22 5611 632
Lounge for Women 0113' 2112 266 50
Lounge for Men (hly 332 300 86
Faculty Lounge ‘ 0 O O
Browsing Room 308 692 172
Music Listening Room 198 762 2111
Television Room 1.102 676 1911
Student Organisation Offices 172 230 350
Studmt Organisation Storage 98 228 258
Arts and Crafts Room 170 3118 296

27
TABLE VII (Continued)

 

Facilities _- Daily __We9_kly_ Monthly
Outing Headquarters 5b 276 370
Billiard Room 2&6 380 2&6
Table Tennis Room 298 522 3&0
Card Room 278 5214 251;
Bowling Alley 278 760 hat
Barber Shop 0 2th 650
Beauty Salon 0 8b 262
Guest Sleeping Rooms 0 130 260
Check Room 66 90 98

Alumni Office 110 148 96

28
TABLE VIII

Projected Use of Facilities when
Student Enrollment Reaches 2,500

 

icilitiee Daixy Wbekgy Mantggz___
Cafeteria 61:0 360 73
Snack Bar 1,298 503 75
Recreation Room 593 555 210
Private Dining Room 210 100 238
Mbeting Room: 35 605 623
Ballroom 28 283 663
Laws. 565 750 253
Cloak Room 673 388 310
Bookltore 258 1,h18 603
Information Deek 80 153 173
Table Service Dining Room 288 230 183
Additional rheting Rooms 18 365 13.0
Amiitorimn 28 705 790
Lounge for women Only 303 333 63
Lounge for Men Only h15 375 108
Faculty Lounge 0 o o
Browsing Room 385 865 215
Khmic Listening Room 2&0 953 268
Television Room 503 81:5 2&3
Student Organization Offices 215 288 h38
Student Organization Storage 123 285 323

Arts and Crafts Room 213 1:35 370

TABLE VIII (Continued)

Mantra...

 

Facilities Daig[_g ‘Wbeklx;

Outing Headquarters 68 31.5 h63
Billiard Room 308 1:75 308
Tible Tennis Room 373 653 h25
Card Room 388 655 313
Bowling Alley 3h8 950 S30
Barber Shop 0 305 813
Beauty Shop 0 105 328
Guest Sleeping Rooms 0 163 325
Check Room 83 113 123
Alumni Office 50 60 120

TflBLE IX

Projected Bee of Facilities when
Student Enrollment Reaches 3,000

30

 

Facilities Daily weekly;_ MonthL
Cafeteria 768 £132 87
Snack Bar 1,55? 603 90
Recreation Room 711 678 252
Private Dining Room 252 120 285
Meeting Rooms h2 726 7h?
Ballroom 33 339 795
Lounge 678 900 303
Cloak Room 807 MS 372
Bookstore 309 1,701 723
Information Desk 96 183 207
Table Service Dining Room 3h§ 276 219
Additional meeting Rooms 21 h38 516
Auditorium 33 8&6 9&8
Lounge for meen Only 363 399 75
Lounge for Men Only h98 1:50 129
Faculty‘Lounge O 0 0
Browsing Room h62 1,038 258
NMsic Listening Room 288 1,1h3 321
Television Room 603 1,01h 291
Student Organization Offices 258 315 525
Student Organization Storage 11;? 3h2 387
Arts and Crafts Room 255 522 hhh

31
TABLE IX (Continued)

 

Facilities Daily “beggx MOnthly
Outing Headquarters 81 hlh SSS
Billiard Room 369 570 369
Table Tennis Room uh? 783 510
Card Room h17 786 381
Bowling Alley 1a? 1,1h0 636
Barber Shop 0 366 975
Beauty Salon 0 126 393
Guest Sleeping Rooms 0 195 ‘ 390
Check Room 99 135 1147

Alumni Office 60 72 lhh

32
written by students are as follows: Should have a larger and separate
cafeteria and snack bar; betta methods should be incorporated for
cleaning tables; all student organization offices should be in the
Union; additional meeting rooms are badly needed; and there should be
more recreational facilities to help students on calipus during week-
ends.

The remaining commmts were concerned with individual'preference
or facilities which might be included in an expanded or new building.
Because these preferences were checked on the questionnaire, they will

not be discussed here.
3. MARKET ANALYSIS OF MARQUEI'TE AREA

An interview was held with Mr. Ben Knauss, Secretary-Manager of
the Marquette Chanber of Comoros. The purpose of the interview was
to determine the number of hotel and motel rooms available in Marquette
and surrounding area which might be used for housing guests attending
educational conferences held on campus. It was found there are two
hotels with a combined total of 135 rooms capable of housing 200
people. There are approximately 200 motel units, available during the
sumer months, which can house about 3400 people. There are 63 units
Open all year. It must be realised that the total nunber of hotel and
motel rooms would not be available for use by conference guests because
of regular tourists and guests. The Northern Peninsula is a tourist's
paradise during the sumer months and consequently housing accommoda-
tions for conference guests during the summer are quite limited.

Facilities for special food service functions are also limited in

33
Marquette. One hotel has facilities to accommodate luncheons and

dinners up to about 100 people, while the other hotel has no food serv-
ice facilities. One restaurant will take luncheons for numbers up to
about 100 but will not take evening functions. The Masonic Tenple has
space to seat about 500 people but does not operate a regular food
service. When events are held in the Temle, the food service is
catered by an individual. There are several restaurants catering to
transient business.

Outdoor recreation facilities are very good with winter sports
areas for skiing, skating and tobogganing and with mamr inland lakes
and streams for fishing and canning in the spring, sumer and fall.
Bowling facilities are limited with only two alleys in Marquette. me
has eight lanes which are used for league bowling during the evening
with some open bowling in the afternoons and on week-ends. The other
bowling alley has four lanes which are part of a private club and are
used by the c111) 's members only.

It was also learned from the interview with Mr. Knauss that there
is only one regularly scheduled cultural activity, with the exception
of those sponsored by individual churches and groups for their members.
The one scheduled cultural activity is the Community Concert series of
four or five concerts per year which are held at the college auditorium.
Northern is co-sponsor of this series and all students are admitted
upon presentation of their student fee receipt. It is possible with
increased enrollment that the co-sponsorship may cease because of the
limited seating capacity in the auditorium. There are two movie

theatres in Marquette which attempt to show first-run films.

h. ACTIVITI PROGRAM WITH ADDITIONAL FACILITIES

R. J. Lichtenfelt has aptly stated what a Student Union is to a
canpus and its students. He says:

"The student union building or student center is the
greatest single potential on any canpus for democratic
experiences and training; at the same time it serves
as the most powerful public relations force the canpus
possesses. In no other campus building can the total
student body be provided with either the atmosphere or
the environment necessary to the students' spiritual
wellbeing. No other campus building can meet so well
the social needs of students or can provide the great
variety of experiences offered by the union building.
Finally, no other building possesses the possibilities
for creating on a campus the esprit de corps that is
necessaryéand vital to the healthy perpetuation of the
college."

For the Union to be the center Of campus activities and to give
democratic experiences and training to the students, two things are
necessary. First, there must be a good activities program and second,
there must be adequate physical facilities where these activities can
be housed. There are no two activity programs alike on various cam-
puses. Each program will be different, depending on the philosophy of
the college administration, the attitudes of the students, the activi-
ties put on by other organizations, the budget and the physical facil-
ities present.

An activity program in a Student Union can be classified into
three categories. These are recreational, social and cultural. Some

of the recreational activities which could be provided with expanded

 

6. Lichtenfelt, R. J., "Residence Halls vs. Student Unions,"
College and University Business, May, 1951;, p. 19.

35
facilities are bowling, billiards, table tennis, cards, hiking, skiing,
skating, tobogganing and others. Bowling leagues and tournaments could
be organized which will create interest in the use of bowling alleys
in an expanded facility. Billiards and table tennis are good leisure
time activities between classes and during the evening hours. The
Association of College Unions conducts a billin tournament each year.
Any student is eligible to participate if the Student Union is a mem-
ber of the Association.

Table tennis is a very popular activity because of the tournaments
which can be held to determine the campus championship and also because
many people are putting table tennis tables in their homes. It has
been observed that a card room is desirable in a Union because mam
students like to play cards. It is preferred to have the students
participating in recreational activities on the campus that are canpus
sponsored rather than in undesirable places in town. Lessons in dif-
ferent card games can be given and tournaments played. The Associa-
tion of College Unions also conducts an annual bridge tournament which
students are eligible to enter.

Including an outing headquarters in an mcpanded facility will
satisfy a need for those students who like skiing, skating, toboggan-
ing, hiking, etc. It will give them a place to store and repair equip-
ment. With the natural setting in the Northern Peninsula for these
activities, they should be encouraged as they provide excellent oppor-
tunities for group living and experiences. Part of the responsibility
of the college is to educate the whole student rather than just edu-

cate him academically.

36

Another responsibility of a College is to educate the students
socially. There is no better place to do this than in the Union.
Dances of all kinds may be held, including informal, formal and square.
Dance instruction may be offered for those who want to learn or want
to improve. Informal coffee hours, formal teas and open houses can be
held with students doing the planning so they not only have the exper-
ience of attending but also of making arrangements for such functions.
When students graduate and take their places in their respective com-
munities, they should have a knowledge of these things in order to be-
come the leaders of tomorrow socially as well as in their chosen pro-
fessions.

The Union can offer cultural activities to students by having art
exhibits, lectures, forums, round table discussions, traveling photog-
raphy exhibits and recitals. The art exhibits can be seeilred from the
campus art department and from traveling shows. Lectures, forums and
round table discussions can be conducted by students and faculty on
canpus. It may be desirable to bring in local businessmen and busi-
nesswomen to discuss pertinent tOpics with students. Music recitals
can be arranged with music students and music listening hours for
those students who like to listen to operas and symphonies and hear
explanations of them. With these other activities a fine arts festi-
val can be held which would include the fine arts departments 01
campus; namely, music, dram and art. It must be remembered, the thion
is not trying to usurp activities of other organizations and departments
on camus. It's purpose is to supplement activities that are already

in u13t€n00e

37

5. USE OF FACILITIES BY TEACHING DEPARTMENTS

Interviews were held with Dr. Claud Bosworth, Dean of Public
Services; Dr. Allan Niemi, Head of the Music Department; Mr. C. V.
Money, Head of the Health and Physical Education Department and 11'.
Forest Roberts, Head of the Speech and Dramatics Department. The pur-
pose of the interviews was to detersdne what, if aw, correlation
there could be between the facilities and activities of the Union and
these departmmts which might have occasion to use the [hion facili-
ties in their educational programs.

Dr. Bosworth stated that the Union could be the public services
conference center. It would have to be a separate wing or floor of
the building which would be devoted to this phase of the educational
program at Northern. He felt there was a need for flexible rooms and
equipment available for conferences and meetings. These rooms could
serve the needs of student organizations as well as conference guests.
He also stated there was a need for guest rooms and food service
facilities for conference guests. The final suggestion he gave was for
the building to be attractive both inside and outside and for it to
convey an atmosphere of friendliness and hospitality when guests
enter it.

In the interview with Dr. Niemi the following suggestions were
nnde by him as to how facilities in the Union could help the music
department. A music listening room is needed which would provide a
place for students to leisurely listen to music. A place would be

desirable where inprouptu Jam sessions could be held. A small audi-

38
torium would be useful for student music recitals along with some
practice rooms to supplement the ones now on campus. He also stated
that an enlarged Union facility would be very helpful when Upper Pen-
insula music festivals are held on campus each year. Lastly, he felt
the Union should have adequate meeting rooms so all student organiza-
tions could meet in the union.

While visiting with.Hr. Money, it was brought out that the phys-
ical education department could make very good use of a bowling alley
in the Union. Instruction classes in bowling could be offered with
bowling facilities on campus. The facilities could be used during the
day when they would not normally be used to capacity oy the student
body. He felt there could be cOOperation between the Union and.phys-
ical education department in offering instruction in other recreation-
:1 activities, such as billiards, table tennis, cards, square and
social dancing, etc. He also suggested the possibility of including a
hand ball court in an expanded union facility since it was not includ-
ed in the physical education building and fieldhouse.

Hr. Roberts stated the use by the speech and dramatics depart-
ment would depend on what other facilities were built on campus in the
future. A small auditorium might be used when festivals are held on
campus, such as Forensic, Drama and Debate. Guest rooms and food ser-
vice facilities would also be advantageous during these times. It
appeared doubtful if the department would use the facilities of the

Union on a regular day to day or week to week basis.

CHAPTER III
FUNCTIONS TO BE SERVED BY EXPANDED FACILITIES
1. OPINIONS 0F LEADERS IN UNION wORK

’Letters of inquiry were sent to twelve union directors.1 The
letters asked two questions. These were, "What should a Student Union
do for a campus?" and "What facilities should a Student union contain?"
The twelve to receive the inquiry were chosen for the following reasons:
size of campus, length of time union had been on campus and whether or
not plans were being made for a new building or an expanded facility.
Ten of the twelve directors responded.

It made no difference whether it was a campus of 20,000 or 1,000,
the answers to the questions were very similar. The concensus of opin-
ion was that a Union should provide every kind of experience, not obtafln-
able in the classroom, that an educated (well-rounded) individual is
supposed to possess. Before it can be said that this could cover every-
thing under the sun, it should be stated that it doesn't. Generally,
it is expected that educated persons know how to act in various social
situations; they should be experienced in committee work; they are
expected to be able to adjust to various kinds of cooperative living
situations; they are expected to have a variety of interests and skills
such as arts and crafts activities and assorted games. The Union can

and should provide these experiences, providing the kinds of activities

 

1. 506 Appmdix’ p. 83.

ho
to which students can be exposed other than the subject matter in the
classroom. R. J. Lichtenfelt, Director of Keeler Union and Cdllege
Food Services at Central Michigan College, expressed it in the follow-
ing manner; "Gentlemen are not made in the classroom,‘but by associa-
tions and experiences with people and with the help of experienced,
mature, understanding leaders."

In answer to the second question, "What facilities should a
Student union contain?', it was stated that this is largely dependent
upon existing facilities on campus, proximity to metrOpolitan areas
and administrative philosophy. The following is a combined list of
facilities which the different.directors thought should be in a
Student Uhion: ballroom, barber shop, bowling alleys, bookstore,
lounges, organization offices, conference rooms, food service facili-
ties, banquet facilities, hobby rooms, arts and crafts room, music
room, browsing room, cafeteria, snack bar, club room for organizations,
auditorium, check room, guest rooms, game room, rest rooms, storage
rooms, ticket office, information center, business office, exhibit
area, television room,«dark room, gift shop, beauty salon, public
address system, billiard room, table tennis room, faculty lounge and
alumni office.

It was stated that this list is not exhaustive by any means.

Many unions have facilities other than these such as drug store, men's
and women's clothing shops, post office, dean's offices, swimming pool,
skating rinks, theatre, dressing rooms, outing headquarters, etc.

It was stated that facilities should be included which students

on the canpus under consideration feel are desirable. Also, facilities

hi
should be included which the faculty and administration feel should be
available to the students on the particular campus under study. It
was also mentioned that the deterrdning factor in deciding the nutter
of facilities to be included in a Union was the amomt of money avail-

able for the construction of the facilities.
2. DATA FROM STUDENT AND STAFF SURVEY

The results of the survey seat to the students and staff of
Northern Michigan College were very enlightening concerning the
facilities which they felt should be included in an upended Student
Union. Many of the facilities listed are primarily for student use,
consequently the faculty response in regard to usage of these facili-
ties was low. The tabulation of staff response in Table III, Page 19,
indicated a desire for the following facilities in an eaqaanded Stuient
Union, in addition to present facilities: table service dining room,
additional meeting rooms, lounge for men only, faculty lounge, browsing
room, music listening room, bowling alley, barber shop and a check room.

The student response tabulation in Table V, Page 21, indicated a
desire for the following facilities to be included in an amended
Student Union, in addition to the present facilities: table service
dining room, additional meeting rooms, auditorium, lounge for women
only, lounge for men only, browsingqroom, music listening room,
television room, student organization offices, student organization
storage, arts and crafts room, outing headquarters, billiard room,
table tennis room, card room, bowling alley and a barber shop.

The survey also indicated little use of the present recreation

142
room, lounge and information desk by staff mentors. The stuients'
answers indicated little use of the private dining rooms and the
information desk. It should be mentioned here that the private dining
rooms and meeting rooms are one and the same, serving a dual purpose.
It should also be stated that the information desk is used only for
that purpose and does not sell magazines, newspapers, candy, cigarettes,
toilet articles, etc. Limited observation of new Student Unions and
Student Unions located on larger canpuses shows a conbination function
of the information desk. It can be assumed, if this type of informa-
tion desk was included in an expanded Student Union, the use factor

would increase sufficiently for the facility to be included.
3. DATA FROM MARKET ANALYSIS

Mr. Ben Knauss, Secretary-Manager of the Marquette Chatter of
Comerce, gave information from which some interesting conclusions can
be drawn cmcerning facilities the Union can provide for the campus.
These facilities would supplement those already provided in Marquette.
Housing accomodations for educational conference guests are limited
because of the tourist trade in and around Marquette. With guest
rooms included in the Union, the problem of sufficient housing for
educational conference guests would be partially eliminated. It should
be stressed that the Union would not be conp‘eting with local Hotels
and Motels, but smplementing their accommodations.

With a limited number of food service facilities available in
Marquette for special luncheons and dinners, it would be advisable to

include space in an expanded Union for the food service needs of

h3
conference groups. Once again it should be pointed out that these
facilities would supplement the existing food service facilities in
Marquette and not compete with then.

Outdoor recreation facilities in the Marquette area are adequate
for those students who wish to participate in skiing, skating, tobog-
ganing, fishing ,hiking and carping. It would be advisable, however,
for the Union to provide an outing headquarters where students may
store and repair their equipment which is used in these activities.
Indoor recreation facilities for bowling, table tennis, etc. are very
limited in Marquette and so space for these activities should be in-
cluded in an expanded Union. Seventy-five per cent of the stuients
indicated an interest in being able to use a bowling alley on a daily
to monthly basis, and fifty-eight per cent indicated an interest to
play table tennis on a daily to monthly basis. From these percentages,
the desirability of including these facilities in an expanded Union
can readily be acknowledged.

From the interview with Mr. Knaues, it can be assumd that am
facility which is included in an expanded Union that will expose the
students to cultural activity, would be well worth while. Cultural
facilities might include a music listening room, browsing room and a

room so constructed that it could be easily used as an art gallery.
’4. DATA FROM TEACHING DEPARTMENTS

In analyzing the interviews with the department heads of the
Public Services Department, the Music Department, the Health and

Physican Education Department and the Speech and Dramatics Department,

hh
some conclusions can be drawn as to facilities which the Union can
provide for use by these departments. These departments were chosen
because past experience indicated they use the Union facilities more
than the other educational departments on canpus. Guest rooms and
food service facilities appeared to be the most desirable to these
peeple because of the nunber of educational conferences, msic and
forensics festivals, coaching schools and visiting athletic teams
which desire to be housed and fed on campus.

5. RECOMMENDED FUNCTIONS TO BE SERVED
IN THE EXPANDED FACILITIES

The Student Union should provide the following functions for the
caupus: Food service, guest housing accommodations , social programs,
recreational activities and a cultural program. For the union to
carry out these functions, certain facilities should be included in
the physical plant. To satisfy the function of food service, the
following facilities should be included: cafeteria, snack bar,
private dining room, table service dining room, kitchen and food
storage areas. Guest rooms will satisfy the need for guest housing
accomodations. The social program would need meeting rooms, auditorium,
ballroom, student organisation: offices, student organization storage
and an arts and crafts room.

The recreational activities of the Union can be accommodated in
the following facilities : outing headquarters, billiard room, table
tennis room, card room and bowling alley. The cultural program can

be carried on in the browsing room, music listening room, meeting

16
rooms, television room and a meeting room that can easily be converted
into an art gallery.

Every building needs lounge and service areas. They can be
listed as: lounge for men only, lounge for women only, faculty lounge,
general lounge, information desk, bookstore, barber sh0p, cloak and
check room conbination, storage areas, restroom and closets. Depend-
ing on available construction money and administrative philosoplw,
it my be desirable to include in the Union an almmi office, beauty
shap, conference office, public services office space, campus informa-
tional office, photograpm dark room and other facilities.

The deterndning factor as to what facilities will or will not be
included in an expanded Student Union often will be the availability
of money for construction and fmnishing of the building. This will
be true whether the money is received through gifts and grants ‘to
the college or through a bond issue which puts the building on a self-
liquidating, self-supporting basis. Another item to consider is the
amount of income which can be derived from the income producing areas
of the building to pay the daily operating costs. This is true re-
gardless of where the money comes from for construction and furnishing.
If the building is built on a self-liquidating basis, enough income
must be derived to retire the bonds also. All of these things must be
considered when determining the functions of the Union and the facili-

ties to be included in an expanded Student Union.

CHAPTER IV

LAYOUT OF PROPOSED SPACE

1. SKETCHES AND DRAWINGS

This portion of the study of A.Recommended Expansion Program For
The Student Uhion Of Northern Michigan College is concerned with
sketches of the original Student Union and the addition which was
opened in the fall of 1955. This chapter will also include sketches of
the author's proposed facilities for a new Union. A new union is
proposed rather than adding to the present Union. The reason for this
is because the present Union is sandwiched between two residence halls
and because land is not available next to the present Uhion for build-
ing purposes. It is not the author's intention to present architec-
tural drawings but merely to present sketches of a proposed Union
building which will show the arrangement of the facilities within the
structure.

Figure Number 1 shows a sketch of the first floor of the original
Union. Included in it are the cafeteria, kitchen, lounge, foyer, office
and mews restroom. There are approximately 11,1420 square feet of area
on this floor.

Figure Number 2 includes sketches of the areas of the second and
third floors of the original structure including the ballroom, fqyer
and conference room. There are approximately 7,650 square feet of area
on these two floors.

Figure Number 3 shows a sketch of the ground floor or basement

h?
area of the original building. Storage space and employee locker rooms
are the only facilities included in this area. A Part of the space
under the the first floor is unexcavated. There are approximately
5,060 square feet of usable area on this floor. From.these sketches,
it is found there are about 2h,130 square feet of usable space in the
original Union building. ‘

Figures Number h and 5 give the room.arrangement of the facilities
which were added to the Uhion in 1955 when the men's residence hall was
constructed on the west side of the original union building. There are
h,100 square feet of space on the first floor used for private dining
room, a bookstore and hallways. The ground floor has 7,680 square feet
of area for a recreation room, storage and restrooms. There are a
total of 11,780 square feet of usable space in the addition to the
original Union. The present Union building has a total of 35,910
square feet of usable area.

The author's decision to include facilities in a proposed Union
as shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8 is a result of Chapter III of this
study. Consideration was given to opinions of leaders in union work,
data received from the student and staff survey, data from the market
analysis of the marquette area and data from the teaching departments
on campus which might have occasion to use the Union facilities.

The sketches of a proposed Union presented in Figures 6, 7 and 8
include 19,692 square feet on each the first and second floors and
2h,3h0 square feet on the ground floor, for a total of 63,72h square
feet.

The ground floor in Figure 6 will include an eight lane bowling

he
alley, billiard and table tennis room, card room, barber shop, snack
bar, cafeteria, main kitchen and television area. The snack bar and
cafeteria can be serviced from the same kitchen and also can be. divided
by folding doors. The doors can be opened for additional seating when
the need arises for more seating in either area.

The first floor as shown in Figure Hunter 7 includes a ballroom,
lounge, information desk, check room, bookstore, restrooms, serving
pantry, table service dining room, president's room and two private
dining rooms which are separated by a folding door for flexibility.

Figure Nunber 8 shows the second floor which is devoted to admin-
istrative offices, student organization offices and storage areas,
browsing and music listening room, arts and crafts room, office and
work space for the college newspaper and college yearbook, faculty
lounge, woman's lounge, meeting rooms and serving pantry. .The meeting
roans have folding doors for more flexibility in use.

Edith Gusts Hunphreys found a range of 8 - 116 square feet per
student in her study of the sixteen Unions she surveyed or an average
of 20 square feet per student.:l With 35,910 square feet in the present
Union and allowing 20 square feet per student, the existing facilities
should be satisfactory for the canpus until there is an enrollment of
1,800 students, although it is evident from the survey reported in
Chapter II that some desirable facilities are not available. Using the

same basis of 20 square feet per student on campus, the proposed space

1. Edith Ouzts Hurrphreys, Colle e Unignsg _Handbook_on $us
01 age

Comuni? Centers, Ithaca, ew York, Association
ans, 9 , p. 112.

h?
in Figures 6, 7 and 8 will provide total floor space for an enrollment
of approximately 3,200 students.

A suggested continuing education wing is placed on each floor of
the proposed Union. It can be added at a later time to house offices,
meeting rooms and guest rooms for the continuing education department
on canpus. By connecting the continuing education wing to the Union,
it can use the food service facilities of the Union and save duplica-

tion of facilities on the campus.
2. PRIORITY ASSIGNMENT OF FACILITIES

When the time comes for Northern Michigan College to construct a
new Union building on campus because the enrollment has outgrown the
present building, decisions will have to be reached as to which facili-
ties have priority assignment in a new building. The reason for pri-
ority assignment may be necessary because of limited funds fcu' con-
struction and furnishing a new Union.

The author suggests the following groups of facilities in order
of their priority in a new Union. The first group would include a
kitchen, cafeteria, snack bar, meeting rooms, ballroom and student
offices. The second group incltxies a bookstore, bowling alley, billiard
and table tennis room, card room, office and work space for the college
newspaper and yearbook and browsing and music listening room. The
final group includes an arts and crafts room, faculty lounge, private
dining rooms, barber shop, women 's lounge, president's room and table
service dining room. It should be mentioned that not only will the

availability of fmds determine the facilities in a Union, but the

50
college administration will make the final decision concerning the

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CHAPTER V
COST ANALYSIS
1. CAPITAL COSTS

It is very difficult to determine the capital costs of a proposed
Union because of different types of construction which might be used,
the amount of construction in the area at the time bids are called for,
and general economic factors which influence the cost of labor and
materials. The author contacted Mr. Malcolm Williams of warren Holmes
Germany, Architects,1 relative to building costs in the torques“,
Michigan area. Mr. Williams suggested twenty dollars per square foot
for construction as that was the figure which his firm used in planning
another building at Northern Michigan College. He thought that five
dollars per square foot was a sound figure to use as an estimate of
the cost of furnishings.

The author also contacted Mr. Leo Van Tasse12 relative to his
views concerning construction and furnishings costs of a proposed new
Union. He also suggested figures of twenty dollars per square foot
for construction and five dollars per square foot for furnishings.

using the figure of twenty dollars per square foot for construc-
tion of the proposed union which has 63,72h square feet, it is found
that it 1:111 cost $1,27h,h80 to build the structure. Allowing five

dollars per square foot for furnishings, it will cost $318,620 for

 

1. Architectural Conpany for Northern Michigan College.
2. Comptroller, Northern Michigan College

60
furnishings, or a total cost of construction and furnishings of
$1,593,100.

The following table will give the amount of annual net income
needed from the proposed Union to retire bonds at different interest
rates and for different lengths of time. These interest rates and
times were used because Union Directors reported that they were the

most common.

 

TABLE I
Interest £3111 Annual Net Income
2% 30 876,11h.56
2;; ho 63,h63.10
3 Z 30 81,278.79
3 5 ho 68,921.30
35% 30 86,618.97
3% to 75,600.51;
’4 Z 30 92 ,129.13
h 5 ho 80,h88.97

2. OPERATING BUDGET

A proposed operating budget, with a college enrollment of 2 ,000
stuients during the two semesters and 1,000 sttrlents during the sum
session, has been prepared for the proposed Stuient Union described in
the previous chapter. Audit reports of past years' operations were
studied and used as guides where the items were the same or similar.3

 

3. Reports of Fbcamlnation of thion and Residence Halls, Northern
Michigan College, by John D. Morrision and Comany, Certified
Public Accomtants.

61

The following is the proposed'budget as submitted by the author. An
explanation of each item and the basis which was used in arriving at‘
the figures follows the budget.

The assumptions used in preparing the proposed budget are as
follows:
1. As the enrollment increases at Northern Michigan College the
income in the cafeteria and snack bar will increase by the same
percentage.
2. The expansion of the continuing education department will bring
more people on the canpus, thus increasing the income from banquets
and parties.
3. With a new Union, the administration will allow a fee to be
charged for the use of meeting rooms.
h. The Student union fee could be increased from the present six
dollars per semester to twenty dollars per semester per students It
is assumed the students would accept this increase in order to have a
new union and also that the State Board of Education would approve
this increase.
5. It would be possible to hold a forty per cent food cost in the
food service operation.
6. Whges in the food service operation can‘be held at thirty per

cent of food income.

1.

3.
h.

S.
6.

7.

8.
9.
10.
11.

12.
13.
1h.
15.
16.

PROPOSED'BUDGET

Income:

Food Service:
Cafeteria
Snacszar

Table Service Dining Room

Banquets and Parties
Total Food Income
Games Area:

Bowling

Billiards

Table Tennis
Total Games Area Income
Other Income:

Nbeting Rooms

Bookstore Rent

Onion Fees

IMiscellaneous
Total Other Income

Total Income

Expenses:

Food

wages - Food

Wages - Games Area
wages - Other

Kitchen Supplies

350,000.00
60,000.00
20,000.00
h0,000.00

28,000.00
6,900.00
1,700.00

1,000.00
6,000.00
90,000.00
2,000.00

36h,000.00
h8,000.00
10,000.00
140,600.00
2,000.00

$170,000.00

36,600.00

99 ,000.00
8305 ,600.00

62

 

 

 

I||I||l.1 \ ‘bhui,1llnr.|l‘a)\ll[['

17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
2h.
25.
26.

27.

28.
29.
30.

BUDGET CONTINUED

Building Supplies
Bowling Nbintenance
Building Maintenance
Equipment Maintenance
New'Equipment
Telephone

Office Supplies
Insurance

Auditing

Trustee Fees

State Board of Education
Administrative Fees

Nhnagement Expense
Miscellaneous

Utilities

Total Expenses

Net Available for Debt Service

8 2,500.00
h,600.00
500.00
2,000.00
500.00
300.00

. 200.00
800.00
500.00
300.00

300.00
500.00
1,000.00
29,000.00

”98,”.m
$107,000.00

63

61;
An explanation of items according to number.

1. Cafeteria income was based on the income when the student enroll-
ment was nearest 1,000 and doubled.

2. Snack bar income was computed the same as the cafeteria.

3. Table Service Dining Room income was based on 100 covers per day
at 31.00 each, a five day week, and a forty week year.

’4. Banquets and parties income was based on past experience with an
anticipated increase due to more facilities and an expanding continuing
education department on canpus.

5. Bowling income was based on projected usage as indicated in the
results of the survey. A fee of thirty-five cents a line would be
charged amounting to $25,000 and a shoe rental of ten cents per person
amounting to $3,000}.

6. Billiard income was based on a fee of sixty carts per hour for
each of four tables for twelve hours a day, five day week and forty
week year.

7. Table Tennis income was based on a fee of thirty cents per hour
for each of two tables for twelve hours a day, six day week and forty
week year.

8. Meeting rooms' income was an estimate of the amomt collected

as a Janitorial fee for the use of any room in the building for
meetings.

9. Bookstore rent was based on the present rental fee and then

 

h. Thirty-five cents a line and ten cents shoe rental is the
average from a survey of thirty schools conducted by W. J.
Buckingham and E. J. Kitson of Eastern Michigan College.

6S
doubled because of the increased floor area in the prcposed building.
10. Union fees were based on 2,000 students each semester with a fee
of twenty dollars per student per semester, and 1,000 students in
summer school at ten dollars per student. It is believed by the
author that the Union fee should be increased from the present six
dollars per semester and two dollars during summer schodl with the
advent of a new Uhion.building.
11. Miscellaneous income will consist of income from sales at the
information desk, Juke box, etc.
12. Food expense was figured as forty per cent of food service income.
13. Wages - food was figured as thirty per cent of food service
income.
1h. Wages - games area includes two supervisors at 83,000 per year
and one maintenance man at 8h,000 per;year.
15. Wages - others includes salaries of director, activity director,
assistant director, secretary, information desk personnel, browsing
and music listening room supervision, custodial help and maintenance
man.
16. Kitchen supplies were based on past experience.
17. Building supplies were based on past experience.
18. Bowling alley maintenance was based on results of survey by W. J.
Buckingham and E. J. KitsonS which indicated 18.5% of the bowling
income. This does not include 18.5% of the shoe rental income.

19. Building maintenance was based on past experience and taking into

 

5. Ibid.

consideration that the Union will be a new structure.

20. Equipment maintenance was based on past experience with the
additional amount of equipment in the proposed union taken into
consideration.

21. New equipment was based on past experience with the newness of
the facilities taken into consideration.

22. Telephone expense was based on past experience.

23. Office supplies expense was based on past experience.

2h. Insurance expense was based on past experience, plus additional
because of the difference in size and furnishings of the present and
proposed Union.

25. Auditing expense was based on past experience.

26. Trustee fees were based on past experience.

27. State Board of Education Administrative fees were based on past
experience.

28. Management expense was based on past experience.

29. ,Miscellaneous expense was based on past experience and will
include items not included in above expense accounts.

30. Utilities were based on one year's experience after the State
Legislature decided self-liquidating buildings on college campuses in
Michigan should pay their own utility expense.

The author contacted Mr. Robert Cahow, Financial Consultant to
the State Board of Education, and was informed that the current rate
of interest of a federal loan for this type of building is 3%. He
also indicated that private lending companies, at the present time,

were asking an interest rate of 3%% to hifi. These percentages mey

67
change as economic conditions change. He also indicated it would be
safe to assume this building could be constructed with an interest
rate of 3%.

The proposed budget indicates an income of $305,600 with total
expenses of $198,600 and a new income of $107,000 to be used to retire
bonds on the building. It can be seen from Table I that there is
enough income to pay the bonds at any of the interest rates shown for

any of the nunber of years shown.
3. FEASIBILITY 0F PROJECT

Using the information in the foregoing sections of this chapter,
it is possible to finance the construction of a new Student Union on
the campus of Northern Michigan College. There would be enough income
derived from the operation of the Union and student fees to retire the
bonds, under any of the arrangements outlined in Table I, which would
be needed to finance the construction and furnishings of the building.

It is difficult to say whether the present Union is debt free
because when it was originally built, the cost of the Union and the
Women's Residence Hall was combined in one bond issue. When the
addition to the Union and the Men's Residence H111 were built, the
unpaid original bonds were recalled and new bonds were issued for the
entire self-liquidating project. It will not be necessary for the
proposed Union to help retire bonds on the original Union because the
income from the residence halls will liquidate that bond issue.

It is the author's opinion that it is financially feasible to build
a new Student Union at Northern Michigan College to take care of the
social, cultural and recreational needs of the etuient body.

CHAPTER VI

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOWDATIONS

1. CONCLUSIONS

The author has concluded after presentation of the preceding
material that Northern Michigan College should have a new Student
union building constructed and ready for occupancy in the fall of
1965 when it is anticipated the enrollment will be 2 ,000 on-canpus
students. The preliminary budget figures outline a plan whereby the
building can be financed on a bond issue with enough income from
operations and increased student fees to retire the'bonds.

The proposed Uhion should be located on the site which is now
occupied by'the temporary apartments for married students which will
be removed as new permanent apartments are constructed. By using this
site, the union will be located near the center of campus. Because of
the location of the present Union between and connected to two residence
halls, it is suggested that part of the first floor of the present
facilities be used by the residence halls. The present health service
which.is housed on the ground floor of one of the residence halls
should be moved to the cafeteria area of the present building. It is
also suggested that the'placementrand alumni offices be moved to the
ballroom.and conference area. There will need to be some remodeling
done to make the present building suitable for the above mentioned
use. This should be financed from.operations of the residence halls,

the present health fee and alumni fees.

69

The proposed Union should include approximately 6h,000 square
feet of usable space. The figures in Chapter IV can be used as guides
as to the arrangement of rooms and facilities when an architect draws
the plans and specifications for the new union. Table II on Page 70
gives a summary of the facilities to be included in a new Union which
are not in the present Union and the approximate nuMber of square
feet for each facility. These facilities were included because of the
anticipated usage taken from the results of the survey which was
conducted.

Table XII on Page 71 gives the facilities in the new Uhion which
are in the present building and the approximate number of square feet

which each facility has assigned to it in the proposed Union.

TABLE II

Square Feet Allotted in Proposed Union
for Additional Facilities

 

Facili Nunber of Square Feet

, 'Bowling Alley 6,201
Billiard and Table Tennis Room 1,818
Games Area Office 288
Card Room 51:0
Barber Shop 321;
Pantry 992
Table Service Dining Room 1,301
College Newspaper 1,008
College Yearbook 1,008
Arts and Crafts Room 81:0
Browsing and Music Room 81:0
Faculty Lounge 1,3111;
Student Organization Storage 620
Stirlent Organization Office 620
Student Council Office 320
Union Board Office 320
Student Council and Union Board
Meeting Room 1,80
Meeting Room 1,705
Meeting Room 589
Meeting Room 558
Women 's Lounge 7111;

TABLE III

Square Feet Allotted in Proposed union
for Present Facilitied

 

Facility Number of Square Feet
Kitchen 3,63h
Food Storage 1,0h0
Cafeteria 3,17h
Snack Bar 11,2112
Ballroom 6,250
Lounge 2,500
Information Desk 100
Check Room 320
Bookstore 1:360
President's Room 1,271
Private Dining Room. 1,550
Administrative Offices 900
Secretary's Office 160
Pantry 620

Meeting Room 1,178

72

With the construction of a new Student Union, Northern Michigan
College will be better able to carry out its objective as stated in
Chapter I which was to train young men and women for positions of
leadership and responsibility in the social community. It is also
dedicated to the improvement of the quality of living throughout its
geographic area. These objectives can be partially realised by offer-
ing students a place where they not only can spend their money, but
can have the experience of social, recreational and cultural programs
and activities. If the union is to carry out its objectives of pro-
viding the student with the above experiences, it must have the facili-
ties as outlined in Chapters III and IV such as meeting rooms, browsing
and music listening room, ballroom, student offices, arts and crafts
room, lounge, bowling alley, billiard and table tennis room, and the
income producing areas. The c011ege must educate the student socially,
culturally and recreationally as well as academically for "a student
comes to college not only to learn to earn a 1iving,‘but to learn to
live a life."1

It should be mentioned that construction and furnishing costs mey
change between the time of this writing and.when construction starts
because of changing economic conditions. Because of this, the capital
cost figures in Chapter V should be used only as guides during the
planning stage of the proposed new Union.

The pr0posed budget in Chapter V is based on today's cost and

 

l. Colle 3 Unions - 19511, R ort of Proceedings of the Thir -
F531; final Convention 0 the Association of C e e Unions,

3779.

73
should be used as such. It is assumed, because of economic conditions,
that the expense figures may change by the time the proposed Union is
opened and so it is also assumed that the income figures will be ad-
:Justed by the same percentages. This budget is to be used only as a

guide during the planning stage of the proposed Union.

2 . RECOWDATIONS

1. It is recommended that a new Union be financed through a bond
issue wtdch will be retired in thirty years with an interest rate

of 3%.

2. The name Student Union should be changed to Campus Community
Center to include the entire canpus family rather than Just students.
3. A board conposed of students, faculty and alumni should be formed
to assist in the determination of policy and operational procedure.

h. There should be a director of the Union who has the qualities of
leadership, resom'cefulness, ingenuity and ambition. He should have
training or knowledge of the operation of food service, activity
programs and building maintenance. Favorable experience may be sub-
stituted for formal training. He should have couplets responsibility
and authority over the operation of the building.

5. There should be assistant directors responsible for food service,
activity program and building operation. They should have forml
training in their respective areas and should be responsible to the
Director.

6. The money received from student fees should fulfill the bonded

indebtedness obligations with the operational income being used te

7h
smplement the fees if necessary and to finance a union activity
program for the camus. This should not be used to finance activities
which are in no way connected with the Union.
7. A continuing education wing should be added as soon as funds are
available. It should include offices, guest room and meeting rooms.
The food service facilities of the Union should be made available to
the continuing education program when needed. It is inpractical and
uneconomical to have two separate food service operations for the
Union and continuing education.
8. An auditorium should not be included in the Union or the proposed
addition because of the proximity of the one in Kaye Hall and the anti-
cipated auditorium in the practical arts building which is scheduled
for construction.
9. The bookstore manager should be responsible to the director of
the thion with all income derived from the bookstore going into the
Union operation.
10. The director of the Union should be responsible to the director
of self-liquidating and through him to the comptroller.
11. The Union should be in operation only when the studcmts are on the
canpus with the exception of the time when conferences are held on the
canpus. The only exception would be the snack bar which would be open
on all working days for the office and clerical staff of the college.
12. Every effort must be made to assure couplets cooperation among
members of the Union staff, the students, the faculty, the administra-
tion, the alumni and the guests of the college so the objectives of

the Union can be conpletely realised.

75

Northern Pachigan College is on the threshold of becoming one
of the leading institutions of higher learning in Michigan. It is
serving one of the largest geographical areas of the state by virtue
of being the only four year liberal arts college of the Upper Pain-
sula. One way it can serve better the needs of the students from its
area is to have a Student Union that is comparable to Unions on other
College and University campuses in Michigan. The students attending
Northern Michigan College are entitled to the same opportunity for
social, cultural and recreational experiences as students attending
sister institutions. Students graduating from Northern Michigan
College should leave with the feeling they have had rich experiences
not only in the classroom but in extra-curricular activities on canpus.

The addition of a new Student Union on the campus of Northern
Michigan College will greatly help the college carry out its objectives
of serving the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The Union will offer
facilities before not available to the students it serves plus becoming
the center of educational meetings and activities for the entire Upper
Peninsula. The author cannot urge too strongly the construction of a

Student Union on the canpus of Northern Mchigan College.

APPENDIX

Please Check the Appropriate Box: Staff ( ) Student ( )

Present Facilities Use

weeklz:Mbnthyy'

Cafeteria meals 0

crea n
V8.
ooms

 

Additional Facilities . Probable Use

no

Table Service Room
0 ooms

OI‘ vomen
OI‘

 

WWW:

MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY

OF AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE 0 EAST LANSING

 

SCHOOL 01' HOTEL 0 RESTAURANT AND INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT - KELLOGG CENTER

December 20, 195?

To the Students and Staff of Northern Michigan College:

I am engaged in the preparation of a thesis dealing
with the develonment of a plan for the expansion of
Student Union Facilities at Northern Michigan College.
I have nreuared the attached form in an effort to
discover the degree to which existing Union facilities
are used, and to develop a basis for predicting the
probable use of other services which might be added
through the expansion of the present building.

Please nlace a check in the square which most appro-
priately represents your use of the present facilities.
Also, please check your probable use of prouosed
facilities. Feel free to add any comments you
consider annrooriate and to indicate what you think the
Student Union should do for the College.

will you please return the form in the enclosed
envelone? I will anureciate receiving it by
January 1”, 1958.

Sincerely yours,

ifggxégl Jo es

' ‘. {Oust-“1.
l

ITTf—T‘U'T‘ _‘+“Y » .

 

79
TABLE XIII

Complete Results of Staff Response to Questionnaire

 

Total
FacilitL Daily Weekly Monthly Seldom Never Response
Cafeteria 10 16 10 tn 5 85
11.8% 18.8% 11.8% 51.8% 5.9% 95.5%
Snack Bar 22 16 h 22 17 81
27.2% 19.8% h.9% 27.2% 21.0% 91.0%
Recreation Room ' l 1 3 21 1.11 70
1.h% 1.h% h.3% 30.0% 62.9% 78.7%
Private Dining Rooms 0 12 18 h? 6 83
0 1h.5% 21.7% 56.6% 7.2% 93.3%
Heating Rooms 2 16 25 35 3 81
2.5% 19.8% 30.9% h3.2% 3.7% 91.0%
Ballroom 0 2 19 52 7 80
0 2.5% 23.7% 65.0% 8.8% 90.0%
Lounge 1 S 10 115 13 7h
1.h% 6.8% 13.5% 60.8% 17.6% 83.1%
Cloak Room 2h 25 1h 23 1 87
27.6% 28.7% 16.1% 26.h% 1.1% 97.8%
Bookstore 2 28 36 20 3 89
2.2% 31.5% h0.h% 22.5% 3.h% 100%
Information Desk 2 6 9 55 6 78
2.6% 7.7% 11.5% 70.5% 7.7% 87.6%
Table Service Dining Room 5 11 1h 38 7 75
6.7% 1h.7% 18.6% 50.7% 9.3% 8h.3%
Additional Meeting Rooms 2 19 17 3h 5 77
2.6% 2h.7% 22.1% hh.2% 6.5% 86.5%
Auditorium 0 7 11 ho 7 6s
0 10.8% 16.9% 61.5% 10.8% 73.0%
Lounge for Women Only 3 1 l 15 31 51
5.9% 2.0% 2.0% 29.h% 60.8% 57.3%
Lounge for men 0n1y 7 5 17 20 56
12.5% 12.5% 8.9% 30.h% 35.7% 62.9%

80
TABLE XIII (Continued)

 

 

Total
Faciligz DaigZ;Wbekg[ Monthly Seldom.Never Response
Faculty Lounge 20 29 6 17 6 78
25.6% 37.2% 7.7% 21.8% 7.7% 87.6%
Browsing Room 8 16 8 23 15 66
6.1% 2h.2% 12.1% 3h.8% 22.7% 7h.2%
Music Listening Room 1 12 10 27 21 71
1.h% 16.9% 1h.1% 38.0% 29.6% 79.3%
Television Room 3' 6 12 29 27 77
3.9% 7.3% 15.6% 37.7% 35.1% 86.5%
Student Organization 1 2 h 20 38 61
Offices 106% 303% 606% 32.8% 55.7% 68.5%
Student Organization 1 0 0 17 82 60
Storage 1.7% 0 0 28.3% 70.0% 67.h%
Arts and Crafts Room 0 h 7 27 30 .68
0 5.9% 10.3% 39.7% hh.1% 76.h%
Outing Headquarters 0 2 8 2b 3b 6h
0 3.1% 6.3% 37.5% 53.1% 71.9%
Billiard Room 2 6 2 16 hi 6?
3.0% 9.0% 3.0% 23.9% 61.2% 75.3%
Table Tennis Room 2 h h 16 ho 66
3.0% 6.1% 6.1% 2h.2% 60.6% 7h.2%
Card Room 3 3 5 21 36 68
h.h% h.h% 7.h% 30.9% 52.9% 76.h%
Bowling Alley 2 15 6 15 30 68
Barber Shop 0 12 33 6 23 7h
0 16.2% hh.6% 8.1% 31.1% 83.1%
Beauty salon 0 0 h 12 an 60
0 0 6.7% 20.0% 73.3% 57.h%
Guest Sleeping Rooms 0 2 6 h2 20 70
0 2.9% 8.6% 60.0% 28.6% 78.7%
Check Room 8 6 7 38 8 67
11.9% 9.0% 10.h% 56.7% 11.9% 75.3%
Alumni Office 3 h 9 32 1h 62
h.8% 5.5% 1h.5% 51.6% 22.5% 69.7%

TABLE XIV

Conplete Results of Student Response to Questionnaire

81

 

Total
Facility Daily Weekly Monthly Seldom Never Response

Cafeteria 71 no 8 90 68 277
25.6% 1h.h% 2.9% 32.5% 2h.5% 9h.5%

Snack Bar 137 53 8 118 18 2614

Recreation Room 68 65 2h 95 35 287
23.7% 22.6% 8.h% 33.1% 12.2% 98.0%

Private Dining Room 23 11 26 91 12h 275
8.8% h.0% 9.5% 33.1% h5.1% 93.9%

Meeting Rooms 14 69 71 93 ' I48 I 285
l.h% 2h.2% 2h.9% 32.6% 16.8% 97.3%

Ballroom 3 32 75 1&7 26 283
1.1% 11.3% 26.5% 51.9% 9.2% 96.6%

Lounge 65 86 29 72 35 287
22.6% 30.0% 10.1% 25.1% 12.2% 98.0%

Cloak Room 76 ML 35 82 116 283
26.9% 15.5% 12.h% 29.0% 16.3% 96.6%

Bookstore 30 165 70 26 0 291
10.3% 56.7% 2h.1% 8.9% 0 99.3%

Information Desk 9 17 19 129 103 277
3.2% 6.1% 6.9% h6.6% 37.2% 9h.5%

Table Service Dining Room 30 2h 19 91 97 261
11.5% 9.2% 7.3% 314.9% 37.2% 89.1%

Additional Meeting Rooms 2 39 ’46 111 70 268
0.7% 1h.6% 17.2% h1.h% 26.1% 91.5%

.Auditorium. 3 75 8h 88 16 266
1.1% 28.2% 31.6% 33.1% 6.0% 90.8%

Lounge for Women Only 29 32 6 31 1112 2110

Lounge for Men Only ’42 38 11 115 117 253
16.6% 15.0% h.3% 17.8% h6.2% 86.3%

82
TABLE XIV (Continued)
Total

{agility
Faculty Lounge

Browsing Room

music Listening Room
Television Room

Student Organization
Offices

Student Organization
Storage

Arts and Crafts Room

Outing Headquarters
Billiard Room

Table Tennis Room
Card Room

Bowling Alley
Barber Shop

Beauty Salon

Guest Sleeping Rooms

Check Room

Alumni Office

Daily WeeleMonthly Seldom Never Response

0
O

81
15.8%

26
9.6%

56
20.1%

23
8.6%

13
8.9%

23
8.5%

7
2.7%

33
12.7%

81
18.9%

37
13.9%

38
13.9%

0
0
0
0
0
0
8
3.3%
5
2

.O%

O
O

92
38.6%

103

38.1%

98
33.8%

31
11.5%

30
11.8%

87
17.8%

36
13.8%

51
19.0%

72
26.1%

70
26.2%

108

38.0%

31
12.2%

10
8.2%

17
6.5%

11
8.5%
6
2.8%

0
O

23
8.6%

29
10.7%

27
9.7%

87
17.5%

38
12.9%

80
18.8%

88
18.5%

33
12.3%

87
17.0%

38
12.7%

58
21.2%

83
32.5%

31
13.1%

38
13.0%

12
8.9%

12
8.8%

8
3.9%

58
21.9%

59
21.9%

53
19.1%

89
33.1%

81
30.7%

86
31.9%

87
33.5%

60
22.3%

63
22.8%

69
25.8%

38
13.9%

25
9.8%

88
20.3%

105
80.2%

118
86.3%

105

197
96.1%

52
19.5%

53
19.6%

88
17.3%

79
29.8%

106
80.2%

78
27.8%

82
31.5%

92
38.2%

53
19.2%

57
21.3%

36
13.0%

116
85.5%

187
62.3%

105
80.2%

101
81.1%

120

82.3% 88.8%

205
70.0%

266
90.8%

270
92.2%

278
98.9%

269
91.8%

268
90.1%

270
92.2%

260
88.7%

269
91.8%

276
98.2%

267
91.1%

278
93.5%

255
87.0%

236
80.5%

261
89.1%

286
88.0%

288
88.6%

8873 Burt Avenue
Grand Ledge, Michigan

January 17, 1958

Dear-:

I have taken a year's leave of absence from nw position as Manager
of the Student Union at Northern Michigan College to attend Michigan
State University at the end of which I will receive nw lhster's
Degree in Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Management. One of
the requirements for the degree is the preparation of a thesis.

I have chosen as nu topic, "A Recommended Expansion Program for
Student Union of Northern Michigan College." I feel that this

study will not only be helpful in the expansion program at Northern,
but will be helpful to the small college which is considering
building a Student Union or expanding a present building.

Dr. S. Earl Thomson, who is advising me in this stixiy, has
suggested that I write to a few Student Union Directors to ask
for their ideas as to what a Student Union should do for a campus
and what facilities it should contain. Would you be so land as
to give me your views on these items. Thanks for any information
you can send.

Sincerely yours,

Lloyd R. Jones

BIBLIOGRAPHY

85
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Andras, Reed, "Why Have Competition Between Residence Hall and union
in Providing Income Producing Facilities," College and University
Business, August, 1953.

Berry, Chester Arthur, Planni a C011 e Union Build , Doctorial
Dissertation, Teacher's SoIIege, Solumbia Universi , New York,

1956.

"Blue Chip Interiors," Institutions' Nhgazing, January, 1956.

Brewer, Floyd Irving, A Study of Differing Perceptions of the Functions
of Colle e Union Govern“ Boards, DoctOrialDissertation,
Teacher's College, Colfifigéa University, New York, 1956.

Colle e Unions - 1953, Report of Proceedi s of the Thirtieth Annual
sonvention effthe Association OI CoIIege Unions, Ithaca, NewfiYark.

 

Collere Unions - 1958,_R art of Proceed s of the Thirty-First
AnnuiI‘CEnvention o the Association of Colle e unions, Ithaca,
New York.

 

0011 e Unions - 1955, Report of Proceedings of the Thirty-Second
finnuaI Convention 6? the Association of CoIIege Unions, Ithaca,

New Yorke
College Unions - 1956, R art of Proceedings of the Thirty-Third

Annual Cdnvention o the‘ASsociation o dlle e Unions, Itfiaca,
New York.

College Unions - 1957,_R art of Proceedings of the Thirt -Fourth
AnnuaI Convention 0 the Association 6? CdIIege Unions, Ithaca,

NOW York.

 

 

Herman, Harold H;, "1952 Census of Facilities," College and Universigz
Business, September, 1953.

Humphreys, Edith Ouzts, Colle e_Dnions, A Handbook on Egggus Community
Centers, Association of gellege Unions, Ithaca, ew or , .

Kottner, Loren 7., "Planning for a Uhion Building," College and
University Business, February, 1958.

 

Lehan, Erma, "Serving the College Community at San Francisco State
College," American School and University, 1955-56.

Lichtenfelt, R. J., "Residence Halls vs. Student Unions,” College and
University Business, May, 1958.

BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTINUED

Northern Michigan College Bulletin, 1917 - 1958, Marquette, Michigan.

Planning and Operatin College Union Buildin s A Manual of General
Principjes and I ormation, Ithaca, New ork.

 

 

Smith, L. C., ”College Unions Survey Midwest Food Prices," College
and University Business, February, 1952.

 

Waggener, Marc 0., "Union and Food Service," College and University
Business, September, 1958.

 

Watts, Ralph J., "Memorial Union at Lawrence College," College and
University Business, June, 1952.

 

 

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