A STUDY OF SOMUM LANTHANUM CARBONATES Thesis for the Degree of M. S. MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE Lawrence George Kailander 1954 "l ‘ 4-.“ ~ Michigan State College Eat Lansing, Michigan L Stunt (F 502183 mmmm cxxaaowxms By LBMMO (501‘ go Kfllander A THESIS submitted to thc School at flrndnnta Studio: orifiichigan Stnta College of Agriculture Ind Applied,5cicnao injpartial fulfillment of thn roquiruncnts tor tho dagroc or warm 0! SCIENCE Depsrhaom of Chemistry 19Sh mummmmmr rh- mthor who. to apron MI appreciation to Dr. Laurence L. Quill who“ this assistance and guidance .14. this that. possible. mm mm WI . 344095 W oar Gamma Page ‘ ~.,., .’r‘“‘ F“ r - IHT“OUUCAIJ§0qo¢ooooo¢0......«out.nan-ouocot.ooooaoogc000.0000... w 3*- ‘ “XPHHIBJhIaLUO.COUOCOOOO“C.GOO...C....0.IQ..I.IQ.I.O.‘IIOQCOI... I. Minty of Lmflarm Carbonato in Salim Carbon“... II. Proparation of 3061111: Lanthana chonnto.............. III. Dolwfih'ation 01’ “3‘1?an LEW CMbomu.........g.. 00“.» U H ti 1 :41}:- J‘JVLVVIOROOO¢OOOOOOG.I000i-0.000000.0000fl0¢01¢9l0000000I000...O. '1'"?{ {3" ’ -. ”gui‘IOOO0.00.00.00.00QGIODOOIOOI¢COIIIGC00.!I‘OliOOOOIOOGOibtififi ls RfLR-‘WES r 1' “ ’ 0.0.0.60...IOIOIOOO0.0'IOOO’OCOCIOOO‘UOltitfifliilOOOOOOO o IHTROIXICTIOH Ik’fEiOBUC-TI OR The limits». in 1M or infonution on ”dim lanthanum carbonate. Thin munch probla ha been comma uinly with tho Iolubility of lanthm carbonate in Indian cabana“ ”Intim- Ind the repetition of codin- lanthamn carbonate. Tho delvdrttion of lanthanum carbonate us also ntudiod. 1mm cabana“ occurs in um. I: mutants, Ln.(co,).083.0 (15). Run earth carbonate: have been papa-0d by thru III-thou, m or which are not “tint-cm for pure momma. communal. Precipi- tation of rm nah carbon-tn by the addition of alkali 0mm (16, 1?) w m bicarbonate: (12) to rm cart!) nit tolutiona yields a product usually amtmimtad nth alkali carbonates. A ascend mthod, that. or pasting : “run of carbon dioxide through a suspension or rm «rim hydroxide in water, was used by 61010 (2, 3). The are earth emanates obtained contain wax-undo impurities mm to hamlet. con- voruion or one colic! to another. A more recent method it that or salumq (13). In the 1am «may pun rm earth emanate. m pup-trod by documpoaition or rare earth Whine-scout” from hot water solutions. Since an interfering ions are Wed, pm nan-ml cal-homu- as obtained. The mark in land on W original emu-nuan- by Dunc (h) that Mahleromtntu in hot wltcr salmon decompose u liberate chlorofom and carbon dioxide . Kinetic otudiu for the reaction are ”do by Verizon}: (18, 19). Keyor (9) found that taro urn: carbonate. fox- dou‘olo ulta with alkali onrbonutoa. Whilo um mania and sodium double carbonates our. found to be rather insoluble, tho petunia bolt no readily aolublo in concentrated potaaaim oorbonato. Differ-noon in dog". of mobility of tho potassium doublo carbonate: have boon mod by union! imotigatoro (l, 8, 9, 10) to obtain pure lanthanun carbonate. Mayor obtained K,Lo,(CO,).-12 8.0, (83.).La.(co,).- h 3.9, and llaJnJCOQa' 20 H.163 upon the addition of ooncontratod lanthanum aalb oolubiom bo tho respectin alkali carbonate solution. Sodium lanthanum carbonate, a den” gelatinous precipitate would not oryaballiao "on after wok: of cannot nth the nether liquor. Forthmora, it on obmvad that the formula given for tho Iodin- aalt could not b. prmn because of it. instability. WENT“. EXP FEMTNTAL I . Solubility of Lmthomn Carbonoto in Sodiu Corbonoto A otody no nodo to dotornino tho oolubility of lanthonu oorbonoto in oodiuo oorbonoto aolntiono ond tho oolid pboooo tbuo too-no. Lonthomn oorbonoto m propane! by decomposition a: 1mm triohloroooototo in a bot onto: oolution. Approxinotoly 15 g. or lontbonm oxido ooa diuolvod in olight ozoooo or 25 on oont triohloro- aootio laid. Tho oolntion no dilutod to 750 ll. Ind boatod on o oto. both for 10 boon attu- tbo tint oorbouoto oppoorod. Afton oooling to too- tomorotnro tho oolution no tiltorod with motion. the precipitoto no woohod oith rotor ond air driod. Exporioontol dotoroinltiono of tho por coat lontbom- oxido ond pox- oont cox-boo dioxido ooro nods. Voighod ouploo of tho oarbonoto m 1mm in o amfflo rut-um tt 950%. to obtoin tho por mi. mumm- oxido. Tho pom oont oorbon dioxido vol dotominod by trooting mighod o-ploo in o goo ovolotion opporotuo (11) . ‘rbo oorbon dioxido liborotod by diluto hydrochloric ooid woo «:1le in oooorito tillod aboorption tuboo ond him. Tho por oont rotor woo dotorlinod by difforonoo (190% - 1 Logo. - i 60.). Tho par cont capacition than 0th ooo n.0,. sun. coh 23.21; and 8.0, 19.38. Pm tho pot cont mpooiuon mo ooloolatod tho oolo ratioo $35; , 3.003 and fiR-fi; , 6.11. J ' Solution. which an 1 n... 2 21., m1 3 a. in pecuni- emanate tore proporod ond placod in 50 n1. fixing oylindm. To ooch no added outricioxrt La.(co,).~6.n 3.0 to m tho oolutiono 0.1 n. in La.(co,),. Tho cylindoro woo-o ploood in o Wtat ot 25°C. and rotated foo' oi: dayo. Dupliooto omploo m prepared one! rotated for 18 (logo. Irtor tho ohm motioned tiooo had pooood tho cylinder“ ooro moved and tho oolutiono filtorod with motion. Tho unwashed oolid pboooo ‘voro oir driod. ’ ‘ Portiono, 25 31., o! oooh tiltnoto vol-o acidified with nitric acid and ovoporotod to m", The oolid no diooolvod in tho airman mount of diotillod Iota, bootod to boiling, and oxolio ooid oddod to precipio toto ow lontbm in oolution. Tho oolutim ruoinod onto:- oloor in oll coooo , indicating insufficient lanthanum in oolution to pooipitoto u lonthomn mloto. . Anolyooo vol-o undo to dotoxoain tho oolid phaooo “mod. Tho per oont carbon dioxidoooo obtainodbytbo goo ovolntionooutodooodto analyoo tho lanthamn ooz'bonoto. Tho "lilting hydrochloric ooid ooln- tiono Ion-o ovoporotod to dry-noon and converted to nitroto oolutiono Union on. dilntod, bootod to boiling, and units acid oddod. m prooipihtodhntbmoxolatomnumotomawoodiu oxoloto {1). Ignition of lanthanum oxnloto at 950°C. yioldod lanthan- oxido. titrio and too oddod to tho tilts-at» from tho lonthomoo oxalato prooipitotiono and tho oolntiono ovoporotod to dun-non. 'rbo rooulting titratorooimoomtflooolvodindiotillodwm»mtodtotho oulfoto by oddition of sulfur.“ ooid one! "Inflation. After ovoporotion to drynooo tho rooidnol ooro ignitod ot 9oo°c._ (6), Ibo oooolting oodim oulxoto ooo uoighod Ind tho por cont oodiu oxido ooloulotod. Frau tho put «at ooupooition mo ooloolotod tho nolo rotioo 59%;; ond film?- , lrho roulto indiootod not-ml oorbonotoog'thno tho par oont rotor on found by diffoi-onoo and tho ratio oolonlotod. H o°o Tho romlto obtoinod oro liotod in Toblo I, ond will bo midored in tho dioouo oion. mom; I cooosnioa or 301.13) Pmszn ram sowannx mm: o A o: * u m 7 ‘ m Conn. x2250. nit-ago ufo, min A cg. 3:0 a; 39:35; 53:3: 1 H. 6 am 16.614 9.05 3.02 19.27 1.01; 14.06 1.51. 1 H. 13 doyo 1.6.57 9.16 25.63 18.61; 1.03 mos 7.25 2 n. 6 any: 36.93 18.01; 27.87 17.16 2.57 5.59 8.1a 2 n. 18 day! 37.51 19.90 27.5»: In.” 2.79 5.51 7.03 3 no 5 W. 37.100 21:43. 31.80 6.19 3.156 6.30 3.03 13 do- 37 .06 21:50 6.7) 3.158 6.311 3.29 33. fi h; 31.71 ‘— ipproxiutoiy 1 g. mp1.- or tho donblo oorbonoto obtainod tro- tho 2 K. om 3H. oodiu oorbonoto oolotiono mo oooh oddod to 250 ll. of diotillod rotor and otirrod for 2h noun. Tho prooipitotoo m ollovod to oottlo, washed with diotillod ootor, tiltorod by mtion, o n and odr driod. Anolyooo yioldod rooolto o: 1%;3; rotioo o: 2.98 and 3.01, 'Doublo indicating tho oonploto movol o: oodiu oubonoto and tho formation of normal lanthanum carbonoto, Lo.-(CO,),' x 8.0. II. Proporotion or Sodim Lonthomn Cu'bonoto Sodiu lonthonuo oorbonoto no proporod by two oothodo: doooopo- ““03: of oodiul triohloroooototo and lonthon- triohloroooototo in hot tutor oolotiono, and tho addition or lontbonm triohloroooototo oolu-l tion to oodiu- oorbonoto oolntion. Solution- oontoining 2 3., 10 3., 30 5., and 50 ¢., roopoctivoly, of oodiun ou-bonoto diooolvod in tho otoiohiaootrio mount of triohlm'o- oootio acid taro propmd. To mb woo oddod o lanthonuo trichloroooototo oolntion containing h 3.. or lanthoi'm oxide diooolvod in flight one” triohloroaootio ooid. Eoohvoluonodilutodtoéoonl.ondthooohp tiono mood on o otooo plate ot 80°C. for 2h boon oi'tor tho tit-It wooipitoto oppomd. At firot tho vhito moipitoto foo-nod olovly and oottlod rapidly: but durum tho loot 12 bow-o of boating o'golotinono dhito too: woo produnod. rho oolutiono mo ollowd to otond ot roan month" for 2h ban-o, tho moipitotoo oottlim omplotoly in thio tho.» finely divided oryotollino oolido. Hbon mm by motion oooh pnooipitoto no divided, onoaholf beingmghlymddthdiltiuodmmdthoflhu‘holflofl nnouhod. Lnolyooo ottho oirdriodoolidomonodointho ounononnor oo in tho oolubility otody omorinonto. fiooulto or thou onelyoeo oro given in Toblo n. outing with votor doorooood tho RofioatLo3®03L ratio in all case. of the double carbonate. Thu double salt was not precipitated been the solution lowest in nodim ion mtration. TABLE :1 waresnxm OF PREEIPITLTES FREE DEECMPOSITIW W SODIUM rummage ETfiTE unwimz TRICKLOBOIaCE‘I‘ATE SOUTH ORB _ am; - *1: ~ "2“ " $333233 23:? bio. 13.0 83. 3:0 £13; £35; £5 Unwind 2 52 .53 * 21.156 26.01 9 3.03 8.91 washed 2 53.79 4* 21.91 2b.” a 3.02 8.18 Unwashed 10 52.62 7.23 26.2.9 13.86 0.72 3.70 km mama 10 55.52 5.07 26.01 13.1w: 0M 3.1:? L3? minim: 30 was 10.03 28.11 13.11 1.08 h.27 La? Washed 30 55.63 10.01 29.31 5.05 0.95 3.90 1.61: :3th so 1:3.61 12.01 27.36 17 .oz 1.1;; b.65 7.07 washed 50 56.35 10.01 29.76 3.88 0.93 3.91 1.25 _..i _‘ L . _41 4‘... w x .‘A- www vw _., —~. V W *—'—V —v i Per cent “.0 mod mgliflbla 31m. mull hJCO.).' x 8.0 (med. Attuptl to We locum trichlmanotnto lanthamu Wo- wotato ”W at 95°C. Wit about madden utter-venom and foam in; when the tint precipitate uppem'od in the voter ulnar cautions. m; resulted in antenna in. or both ”Minn Ind 301111. In tho noon. "that! of obtaining toda- lanthanum carbonate, 15.3.. or lamb-m oxide m dissolved in alight mean at 25 pa:- out. trlchlarouetlo acid and the Ioluuom added slowly, with constant stirring, to one liter at 2 3. sodium emanate. i gelatinous whit-:3 precipitate was formed imaciiately. The solution was berated on 3 Item pint. at 80°C. tor oigxt hours and allmd to flux! at roan taperatm'o tar as 1mm. Although the precipitate scum cmplntoly in this time, littlo solid settled dm-ing tbs tint 2h hours. One half of tho precipitato was washed with distilled w'tar and the other with twin per cent ”dim cal-ham. Both pal-tiara were “lurid by auction and 81: Made Anny-u mud. n inthoprcm 0W“, monocult- being listed in 11le III. Using diffunnt nah caution produced a naticelbh difference in the Race, sia.)co.). ration. TLBLE III (3029051? ICE 0? PRECIPITATS FRCM lama LZRTHIMi TRICHLOEOAC 151333 in mm Cfl‘iBORATE A ‘4 .1 A— -_.I_J L A A“ A-h A ' '— , ‘v—v—T— ~v-~ r 1“— .i - I. 4 v w. and: x s 5 S ‘ Na 0 co 8 0 Solution m 1.51.0. 3.2.0 00. __ Hag * 5&5. Wang: 5:5; Hint-1116:1330 £1.33 15.83 30.93 5.91 1.76 Nils 2.26 3;: kilo, 1:2.55 20.26 32.18 5.03. 2.50 $.60 2.13 M “Al—i.“ wr— v—V fir- ‘7 {ampl- at 5 c. of th- uodim lmthmm carbonate asked with dis- tilladntarflablc m) mnddadtoSOOml.otdutillodwnterand atimdtorzhhoma. mutilation": allmdtonttlo for 2km Iadtiltmdbymtionihfllmhingvith distfllad'ntm'. Analyse! or the solid for lanthanum oxide mid carbon dioxide gave a co 3 ratio of 2.97:1 indicating decomposition to turns-.1 lanthnxm owbomte, La,(303)3' x 339. III. Bolmiration of £336: ated nthonm Carbonate The affects of topaz-attire and drying agents on minted lanthanum carbonate were otwiiod. Tho lanthamu cabana.“ used in those otmiioo was prepared by decomposition of lanthanm trictnoroaootato in hot water oolutian. Tho per cent composition of the lit drind carbonate m obtain“ by the on" methods on used for the lantlm carbonate in tho nobioility ttudy prorimontl. Tho result! are listud in Table IV. Snplu of Watch I; g. 01' tho abovo amount. were heated under val-ion. ooniitiom. finally”: of tho ro'oultim solids were made in the can manner a before. Th. per cent compooition and mole ratios obtained in this study or. found in Table IV. Whilo a tuperaturo at 250°C. was found to oomlotaly demonic tho carbonato, it in ontiroly possibln thnt more lengthy heating at 200°C. would produco mhydrous lanthanum carbonate. 1. oomph or the carbonate imdmiamy heated at info. loot son «1311*. than that odoulntod as tho water of hydration. This indicate: decomposition at or before this temperature. lo mnlysoo of the sample were node. Waigiod two you unpla- of tho air dried lantiz'amm oarbonato m placed in dooiccatorl containing luli'wio acid in we and fresh anhydrom in the other. it different time interval. the emails: were moighod TEBLE IV 1-3 EYES? O! ImJTURE 08 HIDE! 31:13 um.m CIRBOEETE Condition- 3 1 $ CO H o A “'01. col 3:0 A and: 5:5: Boom Tomi-own Slum 21.99 23.53 2.97 7.78 (air-driod) . 110° i‘or 1 hr. 6th 2h.30 15.16 2.99 1.330 3 hi". $.01 25.56 10.13 3.00 2.8? S h". $.53 26.07 9.110 2.99 2.63 2h hrs. 66.3h 26.71 6.95 2.93 1.90 W h". 67.32 27 .08 5.60 2.95 1.51 no" for 21. m. 68.13 2M0 m 2.99 1.17 1:8 h". 68.1:2 27.66 3.72 3.02 0.99 150° for at m. 68.18 27.29 1.53 2.97 1.12 ha hrs. 66.82 27.68 3.50 2.98 0.92 72 hrs. 68.9h 26.01 3.05 3.01 0.8:} 129 h”. 69.09 27 .96 3.95 2.99 0.7? 200° tai- h bu. 69.93 28.23 1.814 2.99 0.103 6 m. 70.02 28.25 1.73 2.99 0.1.5 15 h". 70.30 28$? 1.23 3.00 0.32 250° to:- h m. 70.73 28.59 0.66 2.99 0.17 3 111". 70.92 28.71 9.37 3.01 0.09 mam-ou- 71.18 28.82 0.00 3.00 0.00 (Mound) ‘ 4“ A mdttaporoontutarrminingoalonlotodtronlouinmigit. Tab); 7 contain tho "cults at then. drying Itndiu. want was started late in this work, the drying tin. in not too lengthy. Since the exporti- Furthor drying Iould undoubtedly load to lami- hydrated lanthomn earbonntu . TABLE? m0 0! WE!) LEW CHLBOHATE O m. 2 h". 10 h". 33 m. M: hrs. 120 hr... 210 Ian. 370 in. 63 .2 62 .0 61.7 1.78 7.73 7.50 6.73 6.01 33.91 13.82 13.80 DISCUSSICR DISCU SSIOH In this otudy tho compositions of tho lonthonn ocrbonatoo and of tho oodiun lontbom- carbonotoo mo dotominod m- tbo Iolo ration co W'Lg'fi' co colonlotodtm thematogoootcorbondoxido, oodiuu oxido, ond lanthonm oxido obtained from onolqooo‘. In the can of lanthanu- oarbonotoo containing ncithor main: or otw octol iono tho g5; rotio io 3 only for tho mo]. carbonotoo. A "loo loco thou J io obtainod roc- booio carbonotoo cad motor than 3 for ooid outonotoo. For oxanplo, tho solo rotioo {933; would bo 2 and 6, roopoctivcly, foo M01000, and R‘HCOJ” tor dcnblo oa'bonotoo o nolo ratio 2833'; con]. to tho nolo ratio {Egg- plus 3. i voluo loco than tbo nolo ratio E's-3- pluo 3 would indicoto om booic ccbcnoto {mod} o valno motor thou tho nolo rotio 1.2%?— pluo 3 would indiooto colic ooid cottons“ “nod. Sinco the oolo ration indicated and cotton-too tho poi-coatings: o1 actor m obtainod by ditfcronco Ind tho Ioloo rotioo 355%; calculotod. A. omploo oi‘ donblo ou'bonctoo tho multo listed in Toblo I would giro Iago; La.(co,),o x 3.0, 2.5 na§0,-u,(c0.),°x n.0, cud 3.5 llfi03'Lo.(CO’).'l n.0, roopoctivoly, for tho and pham tun-4 in i a” 2 3., and 3 n. oodiu carbonoto «hum. Attempt. to dam-in tho oolnbility of loothanm omit. in con- controtod oodioo cabonoto oolntiono abound no lanthanu- in oolotion. urinal oodiu lonthm oubonctoo (i'oblo I) m tot-nod in tho colo- bilityotndioo. tho doublo corbmotoomoround todocupcooinlorgo l3 ooh-co or tutor. Tho look of oolubility on! lonthomn carbonoto in oodiuo carbonoto oclutiono contracto the m colubility or ran oath carbonatoo in oonoontrotod potuoiu oorbonoto oolutiono co first dio- oovoi'od by Eoyor (9) . Tho procipitotion of oodizn lmthm ombonoto by tho dammit- tion of tho triobloroocototoo o: oodim ond lanthanu- produood mound,- ot varying cupooition. Tho moi-o comtrotod tho oolution in oodim ions, tho highco' tbo n..co,:x.i.(co.). rotio in tbo dooblo colt. washing tho moipitoto lit-b rotor doorooood tho ratio in on «on. It lo notod (‘roblo II) tbot tho nonol lanthan- oorbonoto io turned in. o oolutionoontoiningooullnountoi‘oodiniono. Tho prooipitoto rm by tho addition at lanthanu- triahlm. ooototo Iolution to o montrotodoodiul oofiaonoto oolntion and boating yioldod doublo ou'bcnotoo at high n.00,m.(co,). rm. Although muttdiluto oodiu ca‘bonotoondutordidnotouplotolymm tho oodiul corbonoto tron tho‘doublo colt (Toblo IV), longthy nil-ring inolorgo voluooi'vctor gonomtotmollontbomoorbonoto oompooiticn. , In all can otodiod tho sodiu- lonthonm oorbonoto'octtlod out. Thio 011:6:- tro- uio doublo colt tomod by nam- (9) anion (mod '5 thick platinum procipitoto "on ottom- oontho o! otonding. In tbio om M.(CO.).06.11 3.0 and Lo.(co,).~1.78 3.0 my proparod by tho triobloroooototo nothod. similar (13) W tho too-lotion o: u.(co.).'5.$1 11.0. Tho max-m, trfivdroto, and octo- hydroto oro liotod in tho litoroturo (15). on» to: no sotiofootory explanation hao boon put tooth for tho variation in tho mount of hydration. Ono pooaihlo explanation in variablo adsorption or occluoion by tho ammo during precipitation. A oeoond possibility 18 the transition from on wants to another within tho romeo of row taper:- taro. Failuro to obtain constant composition night Iloo ho duo to dines-anon in drying conditiono ouch no taperatm-o, tine, humidity, oto. Additional roooaroh io noodod to find tho W to this question. Antwan-no lanthanum carbonate, b.0303)” no obtainod by booting La.(co.),-7.78 3.0 at 230° c. tor eight houro. Rooting at 100°C. m- 5: hour. to obtain tho nonohydroto has been reported (13). This in in dioozromont with romlto from thio otudy uhoroby 1.5 Ioloo of rotor par who of oubonoto mainod attor- hB houro at 110° C. Beating at 130° c. for as houro gm tho monohydrato. 1.th cabana“ was found to downpooo at hoo° c. Tho resulting products voro not dotorninod. Although tho noohonin of tho thermal dooaupooition of lanthanu- oarbonato in not omylotoly know: (5, 12, 1h), ignition at 900° c. yioldo lanthanum oxido, x..,o,. After 370 boon of drying our oonoontrotod mum acid, u.(c0.).'7.73 8.0 bod loot looo than 50 per cent or its rotor of mgr- oration. Tho om Iao two with Mono as tho deoiooont. Proioo (12) reports that drying of ootahydratod taro oath carbonates om oonoontrotod CW“ acid tom- 50 dqo yioldod tho dim-drab. Sinco tho above oxporia not no otortod Into in this otudy, it no not curried out for ourrioiont was to mpm rooulto with thooo or Proioo. ‘ mm: 1. 3. 515331313 Lanthamm om'bonato io insolublo in 1 #1., 2 K” md 3 M. sodium carbonato oolutiona. Tho oolid phase, oodixm 1311mm carbonate , is daemnposod by water to lanthamn carbonate. Sodiu- loot-ham owbonato io prooipitotod upon doompooition of loathm triohioromtato and oodiun Mahloroooototo in hot rotor ooiution. Sodim lanthanum carbonate of high RafiOyLaficoa). ratio in pre- oipitotod upon oddition of lanthanum triohloroocotato solution to oomontrotoo oodim carbonate ooltrtion and boating. Tho double oat-boon“ io oaoompoood to lmthamn oarbonato mo longtw mixing in :1 logo volzmo of. nectar. h. Anhydrooo lonthlml ool‘boooto 1. promo by booting tho ham-ma 5. lonthomn oa'bonotoo at 250° 0. tan- oigbt my. h.(CO.).o7.78 330 desiccated over concentrated mlfurie acid and anlwdmno for 370 hour: loot loss than 503 of ito water of m'dration in both omen. 16 ‘ “3" ”1.3' ""«"‘~".'(‘ Rut” hiomzv La.) 1. amen, a. 25., Atomic Energy Comm-ion Domzmnt 1.333453%. (19:49). 2. Cleve, P. J., Bull. Soc. mam. [2131_, 196, 2&6 (187k). 3. Cleve, 1°. J., Bull. Soc. cum. [2131, 152, 359 (1885). h. Dunno, You 1., Am. Chem. Exam. 2, lflilfifi). s. Duval, c., Anal. Chim. acts. g3, 218 (mm. 6. Kolthott, I. H. and Somali, E. 3., ”Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Audyoio,‘ Tho Macmillan cm, to: Iork (1952). 1. Kolthoi‘f, I. a. and w, 3., J. in. cm. Soc. 51, 1232 (1931). 8. nan-may, J. h, am Envy Condo-lion Doomnt amp-2530.3 (191.9). 9o "W, Ro Jo’ so MB. cm. Q, 9? (M)o 10. Hayoo, A. A. and Eng, V. 0., 'A Syotea or Quolitotivo Amlyoio for tho Bare flaunts," Tho Macmillan 00., flow York (191m). 11. Pierce, 3?. C. and Hoonisoh, E. L. "Coahtitativo Analysis ," Jshn Wiley and Sons, Inc" low took (1&8). 12. Praia, J. and Donia, i., i. onorg. align. Chm. 322:: 287 (1923). 13. Salutoky ll. 1., "Mo Euro mounts ond Thoir CW” Tho Purification om! Proportion of Pmaeocbmzm and»; Pb. 12. Thooio, Hinhigon 3m Collogo (1950) . 1h. ma, 2. m1 Hirono, 3., J. 80o. cm. 1nd,, a... g a 1:59 (1931). 15. Sponoor, J. L, I'i'ho Metal: of tho Euro Eta-tho,” Romano, (boon and Co., London (1919). 16. Vanquolin, L. L, Am. Chin. Phys. [1] 6, 1333 (1891). 17. Vanqnolin, 1.. 3.. m. cm. Hm. £112.. 26 (1805). 18.. Vorhook, r. 3., J. in. Chem. Soc. fig, 571 (1931.). 19. Vet-hook, r. n... J. An. cm. Soc. _61, 1062 (1915). CHEMISTRY LIBRARY o. « ‘ Department of Chemwy Michigan State Coliego bot booing. Michig‘ A +._.__.. _ s— A" - - v A _—.———~___'A_ fi_ ‘ ‘ o u..- —- _.-_ , A 5WD! CF SODIUH mmmwa CHERORRTES 3'! Lommo Goorgo Hollander AH 1-.me Submittod to tho School or modnoto studioo of niohizon Stoto Conogo of Apioultm'o ond Appliod Soionoo in partial fulfill-mt of tho "gnu—onto for tho «poo or HASTIR OF" $121503 Bop-shout of Chantry 1811' 1951‘ W... E $2. Lommo Goorgo unorder- mas 3.1353310? Tho high domo of ooinhility of Mom: oubonoto in cannon- trotod potuoiuo owboooto ooiutiono boo boon mood in tho pant to ooporoto lanthan- i'ru othor rm oat-tho. In thio Study lanthanum cubonotovoo foamitoboinmlnbloinlll” 2!..mdsn.sodm outbonoto. ~Sodim loath-mo omnotoo mo tot-nod oo tho oolid phaoo. A largo omoo o: watér decomposed tho dunno out to lanthanum ou'bonoto. Prooipitotion of oodiul lanthanm ammto by Wition of tho triohlmooototoo of oodilm oui lanthanum in hot wow oolution produced W0 of varying competition. Tho m motivated the oolution in oodiuo ion, tho bigmr tho u:.co.m.(co.). rotio in tho donblo oolt. Tho Mite“ two by tho addition of lanthan- triohimwototo oolntion to o oomontrotod oodim outmoto «lotion and hosting yioidod doublo om-bonotoo of high lofiO,tLa.{CG,), ratios. among; Hashing umwam didnot owlotolyrmovotho oodiuoa'bonoto front!» doohlo odt,1ongtlvotininginohrgovo1moolvotorgmopromotot moi lanthanum oorbonato oompooitioo. AW lmthm owbonoto was obtained by booting u.(co.),- 8 Banana-mm. Afton-Homoddryimmoomontrotod mum-1o ooid, La.(co,).~a 3.0 m loot iooo m 50 w cont at its votorothydrotioo. Tbooaomtruouthontwmuthodooaiooting W. AN STA IVERSITY LIBRARIES HLII Iu‘miiihmmnm I 293 031116167 MICHIG 3