A MINICOMPUTER - BASED REMOTE DATA
ACQUISITION SYSTEM

Thesis for the" Degree of M. S. -
. MICHIGAN. STATE UNIVERSITY
GARY S. KRAUSE
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ABSTRACT

A MINICOMPUTER - BASED REMOTE
DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

BY

Gary S. Krause

A minicomputer-based data acquisition system has been designed, con-
structed, and tested for the purpose of acquiring data from remotely-
located sensors. The data is stored at a central location and is punched
on paper tape once a day. In addition, data summaries are available to
the user in an interactive manner.

The system has two modes of operation: display and acquisition.

The operator may display portions of the data base at any time on a Tele-
type. In addition, real-time sample-and-display operation is permitted.
Limited control functions, such as placing sensors and/or stations "ON-
LINE" or "OFF-LINE" and setting the time, are also possible. Data
acquisition is automatic and requires no operator intervention.

The system can support 1,024 sensors arranged as 64 sensors at each
of 16 remote stations. The 64 inputs are partitioned as 32 analog inputs
and 32 digital inputs. The analog inputs accept a O-to-lO V signal and
present an input impedance of 109 ohms. The digital inputs are 12-bit
TTL levels and present an input impedence of 1 unit load/bit. The opera—
tor may declare any sensor and/or remote station "OFF-LINE" either by
setting the appropriate switch at the remote station or by a command on

the Teletype. The remote station is connected to the central site by a

Gary S. Krause

ZOmA current loop on a twisted-wire pair.

The data base parameters, such as sampling interval, acceptable
upper and lower bounds, and parameter identifiers, are user definable
and easily changed. The minimum sample period is 15 minutes. The maxi—
mum sample rate is 0.5 seconds/sensor. The data base maintains a run-
ning 48-hour record of the data samples and every 24 hours punches the

data base on paper tape.

A MINICOMPUTER - BASED REMOTE DATA
ACQUISITION SYSTEM
By

Gary S. Krause

A THESIS
Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE

Department of Electrical Engineering and Systems Science

1976

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the following people
for their supportive efforts in the project: Mr. Sigurd Lillivek, for
writing program SDB and his aid in the construction, Mr. Walter Nester
III, for his work in installing and debugging the system, Mr. Gary Bauer,
for providing subroutine MANPCH, Mrs. Cindy Beard for drawing the figures
and flowcharts and typing and proofreading the manuscript, and finally
a special thanks to Dr. P. D. Fisher, my advisor and major professor,
whose knowledge, encouragement, and patience made this work both enjoy-

able and educational.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page
I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1. 2 System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . 4

1. 3 Thesis Organization 4

II. SYSTEM OPERATION

2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Data Acquisition Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Display Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
III. HARDWARE ORGANIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
Introduction . . 15

Organization of the Remote Station . . . . . . . 15

1 Data Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

.2 Data Communications . . . . . 20

. .3 Control . . . . . . . . . . . 20
. Organization of the Central Site . . . . . . 21
. .1 'CurrentéLoop Multiplexer . . . . . . 21
. .2 AMC Interface . . , , . . . 21
. .3 AMC . . . . . 21
. .4 RTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
. .5 HSPTP Interface . , . , , . , , . , . . . . . 23
. .6 Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Implementation of the Remote Station . . . . . 23

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.1 Analog Signal Multiplexer Board . , , . , , . , 23
2 Digital Signal Multiplexer Board . . . , , . , . 27
. .3 Transmitter Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
. .4 Receiver Board . . . . . . . , , . , . , , , . , 29
.4.1 Input Channel Selection . . . . , . . , . . . . 29
. .4.2 Data Path Integrity Test . . . . . . , . . , 31
.5 Digital Control Multiplexer Board , , , , , , 32

Implementation of the Central Site ,

CurrenteLoop Multiplexer . . . . . . . . . . . 35
. . AMC Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
AMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

RTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
HSPTP Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

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iii

Chapter

IV.

SOFTWARE

4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . .
4.2 Data Base . . . . . . . . .
4.3 Data Acquisition Mode . . .
4.4 Display Mode . . . . . . . .
4.5 Software Implementation . .
4.5.1 Subroutine A . . . . .

4.5.2 Subroutine D . . . . .

4.5.3 Subroutine BUFFUP .

4.5.4 Subroutine CLRBUF .

4.5.5 Subroutine CLRHIS . .

4.5.6 Subroutine CRLF . . .

4.5.7 Subroutine FPCVT . . .

4.5.8 Subroutine GETDTA . .

4.5.9 Subroutine H . . . . .
4.5.10 Subroutine IDEC . . .
4.5.11 Subroutine IDSRCH .
4.5.12 Subroutine IKB . . . .
4.5.13 Subroutine K . . . . .
4.5.14 Subroutine PASWRD .

4.5.15 Subroutine LABEL . . .
4.5.16 Subroutine MANPCH .

4.5.17 Subroutine ODECZ .

4.5.18 Subroutine OTL . . .

4.5.19 Subroutine OTT . . .
4.5.20 Subroutine P . . .

4.5.21 Subroutine PWRUP . . .
4.5.22 Subroutine REQSEN . .
4.5.23 Subroutine REQSTA .

4.5.24 Subroutine RTCLK .

4.5.25 Subroutine S .

4.5.26 Subroutine SAMPLE

4.5.27 Subroutine STODTA . .
4.5.28 Subroutine SYSMAN .

4.5.29 Subroutine T . . . . .
4.5.30 Subroutine Tl . .
4.5.31 Subroutine T2 . . .
4.5.32 Subroutine TDUMP . . .
4.5.33 Subroutine TTYMAN .
4.5.34 Subroutine UNITS . . .
CONCLUSION

5.1 Installation and Performance .
5.2 Costs . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3 Future System Modifications

iv

Page

44
44
49
50
52
52
56
56
57
57
57
58
58
59
59
6O
6O
61
61
61
62
62
62
63
63
64
64
65
65
66
66
67
67
67
68
68
68
74
74

75
75
77

APPENDICES

Program SDB . . . . . . .
Input Paper-Tape Creation .

STA Instruction . .

Binary Paper-Tape Creation

Program SDB Listings

Page

85
86
87
9O
91

Figure
1.1
2.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7

3.8

3.9

3.10

3.11

3.12

3.13

3.14

3.15

3.16

LIST OF FIGURES

WQMP Lake System . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printout from H command . . . . . .
Star Configuration . . . . . . . .

Data Input Section - Block Diagram .
Valid Data Aperature Timing , . , . . .

Serial Character Format

Central Site - Block Diagram ,

Remote Station Block Diagram

Remote Station Interboard Connections

Remote Station
Board Schematic

Analog Signal Multiplexer

Remote Station - Transmitter Board
SChematic O O C O O O O O O C O 0
Remote Station - Receiver Board

Schematic . . . . . . . . .

Switch Selectable Off-line — Block Diagram ,

Remote Station - Digital Control
Multiplexer Board Schematic

Current-Loop Multiplexer - Block Diagram ,
Central Site - Remote Station
Multiplexer Schematic

AMC Interface

Central Site - Tape Punch Interface
Schematic

vi

Page

11
16
18
19
19
22
24

25

26

28

30

33

34

36

37

38

41

Figure
4.1
4.2
4.3

4.4A
4.43
4.40
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7

5.8

Sensor Data Block Structure . . . .
Identification WOrd Structure . . .
Data Acquisition Mode Logic Flow .
Tape Format - Leader . . . . . . . .
Tape Format - Sensor Header . .
Tape Format - Data . . . . . . . . .
REQUEST Switch Circuit Mbdification
Central Site . . . . . . . . . . . .
Central Site I/O Board . . . . . . .
Remote Station . . . . . . . . . .
Analog Signal Multiplexer Board .
Digital Control Multiplexer Board

Receiver Board . . . . . . . . . . .

Transmitter Board . . . . . . . . . .

vii

Page
45
47
51
70
71
73
76
81
82
82
83
83
84

84

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page
3.1 Remote Station Input Characteristics . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1 Base Page Allocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.2 Common Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.1 Cost Breakdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

viii

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

 

Requisite to the understanding and subsequent modeling and manage-
ment of a physical process is the assimilation of a data base from.which
a model of the process can be constructed and evaluated and the informa-
tion required for managing the process abstracted. However, many systems
studied are of the large-scale, distributed type, such as a manufacturing
process, transportation syscem or ecosystem. These systems are charact-
erized by a relatively large number of parameters to be measured scattered
over a wide area, anywhere from meters to kilometers. Thus, the basic
problem exists of gathering data from the monitoring points and making it
available to the user in at least quasi-real time.

One method of collecting data in such systems is to place a monitor-
ing device, mechanical, electrical, or human, at each monitoring point.
The data gathered can then be manually transported to a central location
for analysis and storage. This method is in widespread use despite the
obvious inefficiencies. An alternative approach is a computer-based
. network where the monitoring devices communicate directly with the com—
puter. This allows the almost instantaneous acquisition and display of
data at a great savings in manual labor. In addition, computations or
reductions on the information may be automatically performed by the com-
puter obtaining information that would not be logistically feasible or
even possible otherwise; data such as simultaneous rates of change of

variables.

Economic considerations, however, do not permit the implementation
of exactly such a computer-based system. The technical problems of
transmitting data reliably over long distances, such as electrical noise
and line losses, impel the use of special communications circuits to
overcome these difficulties. It is economically impractical to install
communications circuits for every monitoring point in the system. Fortu-
nately, in many systems, the parameters to be monitored are clustered
together (e.g. in a transportation system where the traffic flow through
an intersection is of interest). Thus, in these cases, many sensors can
share a single communications circuit. Each communications circuit then
relays the data to the computer. This savings is at the expense simul-
tanaity of sampling. Figure 3.1 illustrates this arrangement known as
a "star" configuration.

A large-scale, distributed system, such as described above, is ex-
emplified by the Water Quality Management Project of the Institute of
Water Research at Michigan State University. This project is studying
the degradation of waste products and the restoration of water quality
by natural processes of secondary effluent from the East Lansing sewage
treatment facility.

The work is being done at a four-lake system on the MSU campus and
is shown in Figure 1.1. The effluent enters lake 1 and progresses se-
quentially by gravity feeding through each lake to lake 4 where it is
used to spray irrigate crops. Various physical and chemical properties
at the output of each lake, i.e., pH, DO, DCl, conductivity, and tur-
bidity, as well as environmental data such as wind speed, wind direction,
temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and soil flux, are to be moni-

tored. This thesis describes the organization, design, and

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implementation of a minicomputer-based monitoring and display system for

use in this environment.

1.2 System Description

The data acquisition system (DAS) consists of remote stations, one
for each cluster of sensors, and a central site. The remote stations
handle the acquisition and transmission of data from the sensors to the
central site where it is stored. Located at the central site are a mini-
computer, which supervises the DAS, a paper-tape punch, which provides
hard copy permanent storage of the data base, and a terminal, which
allows the user to display the data base and exercise DAS control.

Since by using this arrangement, the data acquisition is done in a
matter of seconds (approximately 0.5 seconds per sensor), the data is
available to the user almost instantaneously. Thus, by interpreting
the data, possibly using a mathematical model, making decisions, and
taking appropriate actions, the management of the ecological system is

easily accomplished.

1.3 Thesis Organization

This thesis describes the hardware and software necessary to build
a minicomputer-based remote data acquisition system.

Chapter II is the operator's manual and explains the various com-
mands used to display the data and control the DAS. Chapter III illus-
trates the hardware organization and implementation, including schematics
of both the remote stations and the central site. Chapter IV describes
the software organization with descriptions of all the subroutines.
(Shapter V is the summary of the results and suggests further improvements

tc>the DAS. Appendix A describes a computer program used to define the

characteristics of the data base peculiar to each installation. The
flowcharts for each subroutine and the listings of the subroutines are
in IWR report entitled, "Computer Software for the Institute of Water
Research's Minicomputer-Based Remote Data Acquisition System", dated

February 1976.

CHAPTER II

SYSTEM OPERATION

2.1 Introduction

 

The computer system has two operational phases: display and data
acquisition. The data acquisition mode acquires the data from the
sensor network and builds the data base. This mode is automatic and
normally requires no operator intervention. The display mode allows
the operator access to certain portions of the data base and limited

system control functions.

2.2 Data Acquisition Mode

 

The data acquisition mode supervises the acquisition and storage
of data from the sensor network thus establishing a data base. In
addition, the data base is punched on a paper tape once a day.

Every fifteen minutes on the hour, the computer starts the data
acquisition mode providing it is not currently in the display mode. If
it is, the Teletype bell rings, audibly warning the command in progress
must be entered within two minutes or the message "WAIT FOR SYSTEM" will
terminate the display mode. The operator is then locked out until data
acquisition is completed. The light on the Teletype is lit during data
acquisition. Any printouts in progress are completed before termination.

During acquisition, the incoming data is checked against predefined

upper and lower limits for each sensor. If the data is outside of those

limits, the message ****SENSOR OUT OF TOLERANCE STATION XX STATION XX
HH:MM MM/DD/YY identifies the offending sensor and the time and date
If a station does not respond within a set time, the message ****NO
RESPONSE STATION XX HH:MM. MM/DD/YY shows the problem.

After the data acquisition finishes, the data base is punched on
paper tape if it is noon. At this point, the display mode is unlocked.
The messages: TAPE ERROR CORRECT AND PUSH EXT SWITCH

and
TAPE LOW REPLACE AND PUSH EXT SWITCH
identify a tape error, such as tape broken, tape jammed, or chad box
full, and low tape respectively. After clearing the problem, the EXT
switch on the paper tape punch must be depressed to continue. If the
problem exists at the end of fifteen minutes when it is time to enter
the next data acquisition mode, the tape dump is aborted.

If at any time, the power to the computer fails, it ceases opera-
tions until the power has been restored. When power returns, the
message: SYSTEM POWER FAILURE AT HH:MM MM/DD/YY

PUNCH TAPE?
shows the time of the power failure and asks if the data base is to be
saved on paper tape. If so, the operator enters a space and the data
base is punched on the paper tape while entering a period declines.
The data base is now set to 'MD', the missing data flag and the message:
NEW TIME= is printed. A time and date must now be entered and termi-
nated by a space according to the following format: HH:MM MM/DD/YY.
The time is entered in a twenty-four hour clock. If accepted, the time
and date will be echoed back on the terminal. System operation is

suspended until the time and date have been correctly entered.

2.3 Display Mode

 

The operator, using the Teletype, may access certain portions of
the data base and system control. Control access requires the use of
a password which one must correctly enter before the computer permits
access. The operator may change the password as often as necessary to
maintain system integrity. To initiate the display mode, the operator
depresses the red pushbutton on the Teletype labeled REQUEST. The
computer, when free to service the request, responds with the prompt
symbol '>'. Next the operator, using single letter commands, begins
his inquiries. One must enter data with care and accuracy since mis-
takes result in the message '<ERROR'. Furthermore, upon errors, the
DAS "shuts-off" the Teletype and disables the display mode until the
REQUEST switch is again depressed.

A list of the valid commands with their meanings is presented
below. After entering the command letter, the computer executes the
command or asks for more information if needed. If a password is re-
quired, as is the case for control functions, PW= I I I I is typed.
The password, which is a four-digit number from 0 to 9999, followed by
a carriage return, must be entered correctly or the operation terminates
with the message <ERROR. If specific identification of a station is
required, STATION= is printed. A station code (0 to 15), followed by
a carriage return, or a period is entered. If a station is requested
that has not been previously programmed into the computer (see section
4.2), NON-EXISTANT is printed. Identification of a sensor is asked by
SENSOR= being typed. The operator responds with the letter A or a
period or a sensor number (0 to 63) at the station previously specified

followed by a carriage return. If a sensor is requested that has not

been previously programmed into the computer, NON-EXISTANT is printed.

After completing the command, the Teletype turns off remaining in the

idle state until the REQUEST switch is activated. A printout may be

terminated by using the 'ESCAPE' key on the Teletype.

COMMAND

A

 

MEANING
A control command establishing a sensor(s) and/or a
station(s) on-line. Only data from on-line units is
flagged for error conditions and entered into the data
base. The sequence may be repeated as often as desired.
Responding to STATION= with a period terminates the
command. Entering an 'A' in response to SENSOR= causes
all sensors at the specified station to be put on-line.
Entering a period causes STATION= to be printed. An
example is given below. The operator response is under-
scored.

A

>A

STATION= 4 (Sensor 1 at station 4 is put on-line and

SENSOR= l_ the command terminated.)

SENSOR= _._

STATION= .

>A

STATION= 2_ (All sensors at station 2 are put on-line
SENSOR= A and the command terminated.)

STATION= _._

 

 

COMMAND

10

'MEANING

A control command declaring a sensor(s) and/or a
station(s) off-line. Operation is analogous to 'A'. The

sequence may be repeated as often as desired.

A data command to list the last forty-eight hours or
forty-eight values of data, whichever is smaller, of from
one to four sensors at a single station. The data is
printed with appropriate headings and is time-scaled to
the sampling period of the most frequently sampled sensor.
The data is printed in the same order in which the sensors
were entered and proceeds from the most recent data to the
oldest. MD on the printout signifies missing data. A
typical printout is illustrated in Figure 2.1. The
operator's responses are underscored. Note that the time
of the first line is backed up to the last time the most
frequently sampled sensor was interrogated, in this case
25 minutes. Sensor 10, which measures the temperature in
Degrees Fahrenheit, is sampled every four hours and sensor
2, which measures the dew point in Degrees Fahrenheit is
sampled every twelve hours. Note that the second line
(08:00 hours) shows that at this time sensor 2 was not
sampled. Also, at the tenth line (00:00 hours, midnight),

sensor 2 was to be sampled, but shows missing data.

ll

>E
STATION= l_
SENSOR= IQ_
SENSOR= 3_
SENSOR= ;_
12:25 1/17/76
TIME TEMP DEWPT
DEG F DEG F
12:00 +5.000000E+00 -1.000000E+00
08:00 +4.751362E+00
04:00 +4.701100E+00
00:00 +4.629701E+00 +0.001796E+00
20:00 +4.503479E+00
16:00 +4.572804E+00
12:00 +1.001120E+01 +5.097621E+00
08:00 +9.437550E+00
04:00 +8.213759E+00
00:00 +9.535718E+00 MD
20:00 +1.511257E+01
16:00 +1.701882E+01
Figure 2.1

Printout from H command

COMMAND

12

MEANING
A control command to change the system password. After
entering the correct password, the new password is entered
as a numeric value from 0000 to 9999 and terminated by a
carriage return. The computer verifies the acceptance of
the new password with the message OK. If it is not
accepted, the operator must enter it again. An example

is shown below. The operator's responses are underscored.

 

 

NEW PW= I I I I.. (wrong terminating character)

NEW PW: I I I I 0K (password accepted)

 

 

A data command requesting the computer to sample a
specific sensor at a station and print the properly scaled
and formatted value on the Teletype. A non-existent or

an off-line sensor or station will be identified by a
message. The sequence may be repeated as often as desired
and terminates when a period is entered in response to
STATION= . An example is given below. The operator's

responses are underscored.

 

 

>P

STATION= l SENSOR= g TEMP= +3.416280+OO DEG c

STATION= .

 

 

COMMAND

l3

MEANING
A data command to list all stations that are on-line.
After the stations are listed, the operator may request a
listing of the on-line sensors at any station. This
sequence may be repeated as often as desired and continues
until STATION= is answered with a period. An example is

given below. The operator's responses are underscored.

 

 

>S

STATIONS 0N-LINE= o, 1, 4, 7, 10
STATION= g

SENSORS ONeLINE= 1, 15, 17, 33, 63

STATION=.L

 

 

A control command and a data command to print the time and
date possibly making modifications. The time and date are
printed and the operator asked if an update is needed. A
response of a period terminates the command, while the re-
sponse of a space indicates changes are required. After
the correct password has been entered, the operator is
asked to save the current data base. A response of a
period declines while the response of a space initiates
the high-speed paper-tape punch saving the data base on
paper tape.

The data base is now set to 'MISSING DATA' and the new
time and date entered. The update must follow the follow-

ing format: HH:MM MM/DD/YY

COMMAND

(cont'd)

14

MEANING
This time must be entered in the twenty—four hour format.
The sequence is terminated by a space after which the up-
date will be echoed on the Teletype. If the update is
entered incorrectly, it must be re-entered. All data
acquisition is suspended during the time and data changes.
An example is given below. The operator's response are

underscored.

 

 

II 12:27 1/6/76
NEW TIME? _
PW' III I..

NEW TIME= 12:28 1/6/76_ 12:28 1/6/76

 

 

 

This character is entered if the REQUEST switch is inad-

vertantly activated. It immediately terminates the dis-

play mode.

CHAPTER III

HARDWARE ORGANIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Introduction

The data acquisition system (DAS) divides into two functionally
distinct units: a central site and one or more remote stations. The
central site, which houses the minicomputer, the paper-tape punch, and
the terminal, controls and sequences the acquisition and storage of
data from the remote stations. In turn, under command of the central
site, the remote stations acquire, encode, and transmit the data from
the sensors located at the remote stations to the central site. There
the DAS stores the data and makes it accessable to the user. By means
of dedicated lines, the central site polls, randomly or sequentially,
the sensors in the system. Although the central site interacts with
only one remote station at a time, it can support up to sixteen remote
stations. Since each remote station may include up to sixty-four sen-
sors, the DAS can respond to a maximum of 1,024 sensors.

Figure 3.1 illustrates this organization, known as the "star" or

"satellite" configuration.

3.2 Organization of the Remote Station

 

Each remote station comprises three functional sections: Data
Input, which selects one out of the sixty-four inputs for sampling,

Data Communications, which encodes and transmits the selected input

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signal to the central site, and the Control section, which controls and
sequences operations of the remote station under command of the central

site.

3.2.1 Data Input

 

Figure 3.2 shows a block diagram of the Data Input section. Of
the sixty-four possible inputs, thirty-two are analog inputs (channels
0-31) and thirty-two are 12-bit digital inputs (channels 32-63). A
six-bit address from the Control section, applied five hits to both 32:1
multiplexers and one bit to the 2:1 multiplexer, selects which input
passes to the Data Communications section. An analog-to-digital con-
verter converts the analog signal to its equivalent 12-bit representa—
tion before final multiplexing to the lZ-bit word sent to the Data
Communications section.

The input characteristics are summarized in Table 3.1.

TABLE 3.1 Remote Station Input Characteristics
Analog Input Digital Input
Input Voltage 0-10 volts TTL voltage levels
Logic "0" 0.0-0.4 volts

Logic "1" 2.4-5.0 volts
Input Impedence 109 ohms 1 standard TTL load/bit

Aperature Time 50 us 50 us

8
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Figure 3.3 Valid Data Aperature Timing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

20 mA— ——I' I I
1 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 mA"' Start LSB MSB Stop Stop
bit bit bit
r; 36 2/3 ms fl

 

 

Figure 3.4 Serial Character Format

20

Channels 0 to 32 are reserved for internal test purposes. An external
signal, (INSMPL), indicates when valid data must be presented to the

input. Figure 3.3 shows the timing of the signal.

3.2.2 Data Communications

As received from the Data Input section, the twelve-bit word is
unsuitable for long-distance transmission. To hold down the number of
lines required to communicate the data, it is transmitted in serial
form as four ASCII-encoded octal digits over a single twisted-pair wire.
After the input word is broken into four groups of three bits each,
five biasing bits are added to each group converting it into the
appropriate ASCII-encoded octal character. Three framing bits are then
added and the four characters transmitted serially at 300 Baud (most
significant character first) to the central site. Figure 3.4 illus-

trates the character format.

3.2.3 Control

The Control section sequences and controls the functions requested
by the central site. By interpretation of certain ASCII characters re-
ceived over the twisted-pair wire, the Control section implements three
major functions: select input channel, acquire and transmit data, and
data path integrity test. These functions are elaborated in sections
3.4.4.1, 3.4.3, and 3.4.4.2 respectively.

For maintenance and system development purposes, any input channel
or the entire remote station may be declared "OFF-LINE" by setting the
appropriate switch on the front panel of the remote station. When a
sensor or a station has been declared "OFF-LINE", any data transmitted

to the central site is flagged as erroneous.

21

3.3 Organization of the Central Site

 

The central site functions as the controller, sequencer, and data
concentrator for the data acquisition system in addition to providing
a convenient terminus for management of the system. The central site
consists of seven major functional sections as shown in Figure 3.5:
current loop multiplexer, AMC interface, AMC, computer, RTC, HSPTP

interface, and the system terminal.

3.3.1 Current—Loop Multiplexer

 

The current-loop multiplexer selects one out of the sixteen remote
station current loops for communications with the computer. The half-
duplex current loop carries both data and commands between the central
site and the remote stations. Only one remote station is active at a

time.

3.3.2 AMC Interface

 

The AMC interface circuit performs current loop matching between
the half-duplex current loop of the current-loop multiplexer and the

full-duplex current loop of the AMC.

3.3.3 AMC

The AMC (asynchronous modem controller) is a computer I/O card
which interfaces the current loop from the AMC Interface to the I/O
bus of the computer. The card provides all of the timing and status
information to the computer and the current loop necessary for convert-
ing between the 20 mA serial data of the current loop and the eight-bit

parallel format of the computer I/O bus.

22

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23

3.3.4 RTC
The RTC (real-time clock) is an interval timer used by the computer
software to generate a real-time clock which governs the data acquisi-

tion system.

3.3.5 HSPTP Interface

 

The HSPTP (high—speed paper—tape punch) interface connects the
computer I/O bus to a high-speed paper-tape punch. Paper tape saves

the data base for future reference.

3.3.6 Terminal

A Teletype is the system terminal which provides a communication
link between the operator and the computer. All error messages result—
ing from the data acquisition are printed on the Teletype. Also, oper-
ator inquiries to the system originate from this terminal (see Chapter

2).

3.4 Implementation of the Remote Station

 

A remote station consists of five basic board types: analog
signal multiplexer, digital signal multiplexer, transmitter, receiver,
and digital control multiplexer. A block diagram of a remote station
is shown in Figure 3.6. The inter-board connections are provided in

Figure 3.7.

3.4.1 Analog Signal Multiplexer Board

 

The analog signal multiplexer board implements the 32:1 analog
multiplexer shown in Figure 3.6. The board schematic is given in
Figure 3.8. The signal multiplexers are four 8:1 analog multiplexers

having tri-state outputs (DATEL MM-8). The receiver board generates

24

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Figure 3.8 Remote Station - Analog Signal Multiplexer Board Schematic

 

   

27

the addresses in parallel except for the chip enables which are unique
for each chip. The tri-state outputs allow wire or'd connection since
only one output can be active at a time. IC-l (7437) buffers the

address line to prevent loading. One board is needed per remote sta—

tion.

3.4.2 Digital Signal Multiplexer Board

This board is not implemented in the present system.

3.4.3 Transmitter Board

 

The transmitter board schematic is shown in Figure 3.9. A 12-bit
analog-to-digital converter (ANALOG DEVICES ADClZQZ-OZB) converts the
analog input bus (ANALOGDATAIN) from the analog signal multiplexer
board to a 12-bit digital representation. The output of the A/D, multi-
plexed with the 12-bit digital input bus (DIGDATAIN) from the digital
signal multiplexer boards by the 2:1 multiplexers, IC's 3, 4, 5 (74157),
generates a single 12-bit bus (DICDATA) which is the input to the trans-
mitter (ANALOG DEVICES STX1003).

The receipt of an ASCII '?' from the central site initiates the
data acquisition and transmission sequence. This character causes a
200 ns pulse, appearing on line SEC, to trigger one—shots ICl and IC2
(9602). IC2a provides a 50 us pulse which is buffered and sent to the
digital input signal sources as signal m, indicating when valid data
must be present on the digital input bus. The timing of this signal
is shown in Figure 3.3. ICl and IC2b trigger the conversion cycle of
the A/D. At the end of the timing cycle of IC2b, a pulse sent to the
transmitter (EEC) causes the transmitter to sample its inputs, format

the data, and begin transmission of the data. The transmitter takes

 

 

 

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Remote Station - Transmitter Board Schematic

 

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1

 

29

the 12-bit input bus when line EEC 18 strobed, separates it into four
groups of three bits each, converts each group into an ASCII character
by adding biasing bits to make it an ASCII number 0-7, adds the syn—
chronizing bits such that each group is formatted as shown in Figure
3.4, and transmits the four characters, most significant digit first,
to the central site. Transmission over the optically—isolated twisted-
pair wire is limited to two miles.

When a input channel has been selected, the corresponding 'SENSOR

 

ON-LINE' switch is gated onto SENSORLINE which is used as biasing bit 7
for the formatting of the characters. If the sensor is on-line, bit 7
will be a logic zero making the characters an ASCII number 0-7. If the
sensor is off-line or non-existant, bit 7 will be a logic one and forces
the character to be an ASCII letter.

For future system expansion, six additional lines providing a
positive going pulse 200 ns in duration when the corresponding ASCII
characters ', Z, $, =, ", *, are received from the central site by the

transmitter are available. These lines drive 30 TTL unit loads apiece.

3.4.4 Receiver Board

 

The receiver board serves two primary functions: input channel
selection, and generating a test pattern for data path integrity tests.

The receiver board schematic is illustrated by Figure 3.10.

3.4.4.1 Input Channel Selection

 

The receiver is wired in series with the transmitter, thus sharing
the same current loop. When the ASCII character sequence shown below
is received, the bits are decoded and the corresponding input channel

is gated into the transmitter input. The input sequence is as follows:

 

I

 

$12: """"'

 

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Figure 3.10

 

Remote Station - Receiver Board Schematic

 

2

 

 

 

 

 

31

=clc$

2

where the ASCII character= starts the sequence; the symbols Cl and C2

are two ASCII-encoded octal characters (0-7), most significant digit
first, indicating the desired input channel (0-77 octal), the ASCII
character $ terminates the sequence. The two characters, Cl and CZ’
are stripped of the most significant five bits. The three remaining
bits of character C1 are decoded by ICS (7442) providing a l-out-of-
eight selector whose outputs are sent to the multiplexer boards as chip
enables for the multiplexers. The bits of 02’ buffered by IC4 (7437),
are sent to the multiplexer boards and used as address lines for the

multiplexers. The six bits, three to select a chip and three to select

a chip input, select one unique input from the 64 possible.

3.4.4.2 Data Path Integrity Test

 

The data path integrity test verifies to the central site that a
remote station is operational. A test pattern sent to the remote sta-
tion wraps around to a signal input and is transmitted back to the
central site where it may be checked against the outgoing pattern for
correctness. Channel 0 is internally connected providing an analog path
test and channel 32 is internally connected providing a digital path
test. Other channels may be tested in a like manner; however, an exter-
nal jumper cable is required. The test pattern derives from the follow-
ing sequence of characters received by the receiver:

= P1P2C1C2$

where the ASCII characters =, C C2, and $ are as before. The symbols

1’

Ple are two ASCII-encoded alphanumeric characters whose least signifi-

cant four bits are concatenated, P supplies the most significant four

1

32

bits, generating an eight-bit digital test pattern. A digital-to-
analog converter (DATEL DAC—l9—BB) converts the digital test pattern
to a corresponding analog voltage for testing an analog channel.

A clock module (ANALOG DEVICES SCL1006) provides the clock signal
to both the receiver and the transmitter chips and contains a dc-to-dc

converter supplying -15 volts to the receiver and transmitter.

3.4.5 Digital Control Multiplexer Board

Figure 3.11 shows the implementation of the switch—selectable 'off-
line' function. With the switch in the grounded position, the corre—
sponding input is 'ON-LINE'. If an input is selected that has no switch,
the input will float to a logic one thus, indicating 'OFF-LINE'. The
board schematic is shown in Figure 3.12. The digital control multi-
plexer uses four 8:1 tri-state multiplexers (74251). The operation of
the board is analogous to and operates in parallel with the analog
signal multiplexer board, with the exception of IC2 (74157). The select
line of IC2, a 2:1 multiplexer, is tied to the 'STATION ON-LINE' switch.
If the switch is in the +5 volt position, indicating that the station is
off-line, the sensor multiplexers (IC2-1C5) are forced to the tri-state
mode, thus indicating all sensors are off-line. Two digital-control

multiplexer boards are required per remote station.

3.5 Implementation of the Central Site

 

The central site hardware consists of a COMPUTER AUTOMATION LSI
2/20 computer, an ASR-33 Teletype, A FACIT 4070 paper-tape punch, a
COMPUTER AUTOMATION AMC I/O card, and a custom I/O card, plugging into
an I/O slot of the computer, containing the current-loop multiplexer

and the paper-tape punch interface.

33

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Remote Station — Digital Control Multiplexer Board Schematic

 

1

 

35

3.5.1 Current-Loop Multiplexer

 

The 16:1 current loop multiplexer consists of three function
blocks as shown in Figure 3.13. The board schematic is given in Figure
3.14. The multiplexer controller is an ANALOG DEVICES SMC1007. By
interpretation of the character stream on the current loop from the AMC
interface,it controlsthe channel selection of the current-loop multi-
plexer. The current-loop multiplexer is built of two ANALOG DEVICES
SMX1004 8:1 current-loop multiplexers, which, in addition to selecting
one-out-of—eight inputs for transmission, regenerates the bi-directional
current loop thus acting as a repeater station. An ANALOG DEVICES
SCL1006 provides the 300 Baud clock to the SMC1007. A variable power
supply adjusts to provide 20 mA thru each of the current loops. Any
unused inputs of the SMX1004 must be tied to the positive terminal of
the power supply, taking care not to exceed the breakdown voltage of
the SMX1004.

The selection of an input channel is by the reception of the
following sequence of ASCII characters by the SMClOO7:

#C

1

where '#' is the start of sequence character and C1 is an ASCII char-

acter indicating the channel number according to the following table.

INPUT CHANNEL C

1
0-7 0-7
8—15 P—W

3.5.2 AMC Interface

 

The AMC interface provides compatability between the half-duplex
current loop of the current-loop multiplexer and the full-duplex current

loop of the AMC card. The schematic is reproduced in Figure 3.15.

36

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An optical isolator (GE 11A3) couples the two current loops. The base
of transistor Q1 and the LED in the optical isolator switch in response
to the output of the AMC, the AMC TRANSMIT DATA line. The photo-
transistor in the optical isolator regenerates this switching action
which is amplified by the darlington connection of transistor Q2. The
output of Q2 then modulates the current loop to the SMClOO7, which is
also in series with the AMC RECEIVE DATA line. Thus, the AMC TRANSMIT
DATA line keys the input of the current-loop multiplexer and the
current-loop multiplexer can key the AMC RECEIVE DATA line. Resistor
R1 current limits the LED. Diode D1 prevents a back bias across the
LED. The power supply connected to Q2 provides the 20 mA for the

current loop. The schematic is shown in Figure 3.14.

3.5.3 AMC

The AMC (asynchronous modem controller) interfaces a 20 mA current
loop to the computer I/O bus. The card plugs into the motherplate of
the computer. The device address and the operational characteristics
are jumper programmed by an edge card connector on the rear of the AMC
card. The card has been strapped to device address A in hexadecimal,
eight-bit-characters preceded by start bit and proceeded by two stop
bits with parity disabled. The serial data rate is set to 300 Baud. A
line from the AMC lights an LED on the Teletype whenever the card is
active. The operator is thus given visual verification of the data

acquisition mode.

3.5.4 Computer

The computer is COMPUTER AUTOMATION LSI 2/20, a general purpose,

16-bit digital computer, equipped with 8K of core memory, power fail

40

detector, a Teletype interface, and an interval timer.

3.5.5 RTC

An edge card connector on the rear apron of the computer programs
the interval time. Its input ties to a 120 Hz signal derived from the
power line. The use of the power line instead of a crystal oscillator
provides better long term accuracy. The output of the interval timer
connects to an interrupt line of the computer, thus giving an interrupt

every 8.33 milliseconds.

3.5.6 HSPTP Interface

 

The HSPTP interface interfaces 3 FACIT 4070 high-speed paper-tape
punch to the computer I/O bus. The paper-tape interface, illustrated
in Figure 3.16, consists of eight data lines and five control lines:
PUNCH INITIATE, PUNCH READY, TAPE LOW, ERRl, and EXT. When an eight-bit
byte is transferred from the computer to the punch, the PUNCH INITIATE
line pulses punching the data. When the punch cycle is finished, PUNCH
READY is indicated. TAPE LOW cautions there is approximately 100 feet
of tape left. ERRl warns that an error condition exists such as punch
jammed or tape broken, and EXT is a switch on the punch which is soft-
ware testable.

The I/O transfer begins when the device address appears on bits
3-7 of the address bus. 1C1 (7442) decodes these bits to detect device
address A in hexadecimal, the address of the interface. The least
significant three bits of the address bus (0-2) are the function code
indicating the operation the interface is to perform. The function
code is decoded by 102 (7442) only when the interface is addressed. The

function codes assigned to the board are as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Figure 3.16

Central Site — Tape Punch Interface Schematic

 

I

 

42

SENSE

0 TTY REQUEST

1 PUNCH READY

2 TAPE LOW

3 ERRl

4 EXT
OUTPUT

3 INITIATE PUNCH
SELECT

2 CLEAR TTY REQUEST

Upon receipt of device address A and function code 3, signal ETT-
drops low triggering one shot IC71, which, after a 200 ns delay to
allow the data to settle in latchs IC 62 and 68 (7475), applies the
PUNCH INITIATE signal to the punch. The PUNCH READY line is blanked by
IC64 (7400) to allow for tape movement before being sent to the sense
multiplexer IC70 (74151). This multiplexer is addressed by the function
code and its output, after buffering by ICS (7438), ties to the SENSE
input of the computer where it may be software tested. IC 11, 12, 61,
and 67 (7404) buffer the address and data busses to the HSPTP interface

and IC63 and 69 (7437) buffer the data lines to the punch.

3.5.7 Terminal

The operator's terminal is an ASR33 Teletype modified for on/off
motor control. A connector on the rear apron of the computer connects
the Teletype to the computer. A software testable REQUEST switch mounts
on the Teletype. The operator requests attention from the computer by

using this switch. This switch shares logic with the punch interface

43

and is given by Figure 3.14.

R1, R2 and C2 debounce the output of the normally open switch,
which is latched by the RS flop-flop formed by 1C3 (7400). The output
of the latch is sent to the sense multiplexer IC70 where it can be
tested by the software. The receipt of device address A and function

code 2 in a select command from the computer clears the RS flip-flop.

CHAPTER IV

SOFTWARE

4.1 Introduction

 

The system software has two major functions: the building of the
data base, and information display, and consequently, the software
divides into two functionally separate sections: data acquisition and
data display. Execution is in a foreground-background style with the

data acquisition being the foreground program.

4.2 Data Base

The data base consists of forty-eight hours of data from every
sensor in the network. It is constructed of elements called SENSOR
DATA BLOCKS. There is a unique sensor data block for each sensor in
the system and contains all pertinent information concerning the sensor,
such as the quantity being measured, the units in which it is measured,
how often it is to be sampled, and how often the data is to be averaged,
as well as storing the data from the sensor. The data saved is the
average value of the data acquired during the averaging period. When
the system is installed or updated, the sensor data blocks are pro-
grammed into the memory using the procedure described in Appendix A.
The structure of the sensor data block is shown in Figure 4.1.

The first entry of the sensor data block, the identification word,

identifies the sensor, the station at which the sensor is located, and

44

10

ll

12

l3

14

15

l6

17

18

19

20

45

IDENTIFICATION WORD
ADDRESS OF NEXT SENSOR DATA BLOCK
SAMPLE INTERVAL (minutes)
HISTORY BUFFER LENGTH
SUMMING BUFFER (LSW)
SUMMING BUFFER (MSW)
SUMMING BUFFER COUNTER
UPPER TOLERANCE

LOWER TOLERANCE
MULTIPLIER (MSW)
MULTIPLIER (LSW)

OFFSET (MSW)

OFFSET (LSW)

LABEL (MSW)

LABEL

LABEL (LSW)

UNITS (MSW)

UNITS

UNITS

UNITS (LSW)

DATA

Figure 4.1 Sensor Data Block Structure

46

two status flags. The two status flags, if set, indicate the sensor is
OFF-LINE and if so, where the OFF-LINE command originated, either from
the remote station or from the operator's terminal. The structure of the
identification word is illustrated in Figure 4.2.

The sensor data blocks, which may be located anywhere in memory,
are grouped together by station. The second word of the sensor data
block strings together each sensor of that station. A table, located
in lower memory (locations :EE to :FD) lists the start of the sensor
data block string for each station. Each sensor data block then indi-
cates the address of the next sensor data block in the string by the
second word of the sensor data block. The string continues in this
manner until the address of the next sensor data block is :FFFF which
terminates the string. An undefined station must have :FFFF in the
corresponding table entry in lower memory. The sensor data block of a
station may be strung together in any order but the stations must be
sequential beginning with 0.

The third entry in the sensor data block is the sampling interval
in minutes. The smallest sampling interval allowed is 15 minutes and
the largest is 2,880 minutes (48 hours). The sampling interval must be
a multiple of 15 minutes.

The fourth word is the history buffer length and determines how
many data points per forty-eight hours are retained. With the require—
ment that forty-eight hours of data must be resident in the system and
using the sampling interval specified, the averaging period can be

determined by the formula:

21880
history buffer length

 

averaging interval = in minutes

47

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ousuosuum wuoz aowumofimauamcH

~.q muawfim

AH u mzHAImmov O<Am mzHAIhmO QmH<HBHzH moe¢mmmo

AH n NZHAImmOV quh mZHAImmO DMB<HHHZH ZOHH<Bm MH02mm.lllllg

mnou onH<Hm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OH

 

HH

 

NH

 

ma

 

ea

 

ma

 

 

48

By careful planning, every sample taken may be retained (averaging
interval = sample interval) or the average computed once every two days
(averaging interval = 2,880 or history buffer length = l) or almost
anything in between. Note that the number of values retained has no
relation to the number of samples taken.

Words five and six of the sensor data block are used for the sum-
ming of the data values. A 32-bit sum allows for maximum data values.
The number of samples that have been summed into the summing buffer is
counted by word seven, the summing buffer counter. To compute the
average value, the summing buffers are divided by the summing buffer
counter. This value is then placed on top of the history buffer and
previous values pushed down losing the oldest value. This maintains
a running record of the previous forty-eight hours data.

To aid in system operation, two words of the sensor data block de-
limit acceptable upper and lower bounds on the data. Word 8 provides
the upper tolerance and word 9 the lower tolerance. If the data from
the sensor strays outside of the tolerance, it can be flagged in some
way.

To aid interpretation of the raw data, it must be properly scaled
and identified in standard terms. The raw data is linearly scaled by
multiplying it by the multiplier and then adding the offset, thus, con—
verting a binary number to its equivalent floating point representation.
Both of the modifiers are in floating point format and are entries 10
through 13 of the sensor data block. Words 14, 15, and 16 identify the
physical quantity being measured on the printouts. The three words
consist of up to six ASCII characters packed two characters per word,

most significant first and left justified. Words 17 through 20 have

49

analogous purpose for.the units identification. The raw data is stored
beginning in word 21 and continuing for the length indicated in word 4.
Thus, the size of a sensor data block varies from 21 to 192 memory 10-
cations. A computer program written to assist in the preparation and

installation of the sensor data block is provided in Appendix A.

4.3 Data Acquisition Mode

 

The interval timer initiates the data acquisition sequence. Every
8.33 milliseconds an interrupt is given to the program which counts the
interrupts and, at the end of a 15~minute interval starts the data ac-
quisition.

Beginning at station 0, the string of sensors at each station is
checked one at a time to see if the sampling interval for the sensor is
up. If it is not time to sample the sensor, the next sensor in the
string is checked continuing until all sensors for the station have been
checked. A scan then commences at the next station continuing until all
16 stations have been checked and at which time control is returned to
the display mode.

When a sensor is sampled, its incoming data is checked against the
tolerance limits specified for that sensor with any irregularities
flagged on the terminal before the data is added to the summing buffer
of that sensor.

The summing buffer counter is then incremented. The averaging in-
terval for the sensor is now computed. If it has not expired, the scan
continues with the next sensor in the string or, if the sensor was the
last one of the string, the next station. If the averaging time has

ended, the average value is computed by dividing the summing buffer

50

by the summing buffer counter and the data stack for the sensor is
pushed down losing the oldest average and placing the new average,or a
missing data flag if the summing buffer counter was zero,on top. The
summing buffer and its counter are zeroed and the scan then continues.
Once a day at noon, the entire data base is punched on paper tape
with the appropriate labels providing a hard copy output of the last
forty—eight hours data for future reference or use elsewhere. The

logic flow of the data acquisition mode is illustrated in Figure 4.3.

4.4 Display Mode

 

The display mode, described in detail in Chapter 2, allows access
to the data base and limited system control using the operator's termi-
nal. The operator requests the display mode by depressing the REQUEST
switch on the Teletype. The computer responds with a prompt (>) when
it is able to service the request. Using single-letter commands, the
operator can then begin ones inquiries. Detectable mistakes are flag-
ged on the Teletype and after each command has been terminated, the
Teletype is turned off, the request switch remaining active.

If it is time to begin the data acquisition, the operator is given
an audible warning allowing him two minutes to complete the command in
progress before automatic termination. Any printouts in progress will

be allowed to finish.

 

51

START

Update clock
and
calendar

 

 

 

 

     
 

to sample
sensor?

 

Sample

Sensor

 

 

 

 

 

Print
error
message

 

 

 

1;:

 

Store
data

 

 

 

V

 

 

 

Averaging Yes
time?

No

 

No All Yes

 

l

 

Compute
average
value

 

J.

 

Push down
history data
stack

 

 

 

J

 

sensors v
one?

Figure 4.3

Data Acquisition Mode Logic Flow

Yes

 

Punch data
base on
paper tape.

L

 

 

 

 

 

52

4.5 Software Implementation

 

The computer software is programmed in assembly language on a COM-
PUTER AUTOMATION LSI 2/20 minicomputer and occupies the first 4,220 words
of memory exclusive of sensor data blocks. The program listings and
corresponding flowcharts and the memory load map are contained in an IWR
report entitled "Computer Software for the Institute of Water Research's
Minicomputer-Based Remote Data Acquisition System", dated February 1976.
The entry point of each subroutine is printed in the appropriate box of
the flowchart. There are three possible return methods from a subroutine
which are shown by the words RETURN, EXIT and ABORT in the proper box.
RETURN means a normal departure from a subroutine usually to the next
instruction after the calling statement. EXIT indicates departing through
the ENDTTY routine which ends the display mode and shuts off the termi-
nal. ABORT is an error departure; <ERROR is printed and the program then
enters the ENDTTY routine. Variables common to different portions of the
program are given in Table 4.2; Table 4.1 gives the base page allocations.

Short descriptions of the subroutines with their I/O properties make
up the remainder of this chapter. Subroutines FAD, FAS, and FMP are sub-
routines from the FLOATING POINT ARITHMETIC PACKAGE provided by Computer

Automation.

4.5.1 Subroutine A

 

Calling sequence: CALL *A Calling statement

External references: CRLF, ENDTTY, IDSRCH, OTL, PASWRD, REQSEN,
REQSTA, STAT¢¢.

Description:
This subroutine allows the operator to declare stations and/or

sensors on-line using the operator's terminal. After checking for the

:18

:19

:1A

:1B

:1C

:BO

:BE

:BF

:C0

:C4

:EE

:EF

:EO

:F1

:F2

:F3

:F4

:F5

:F6

:F7

:F8

:FA

:FB

:FC

:FD

53

TABLE 4.1 Base Page Allocations
Power up interrupt
RTC interrupt
8.33 ms timing counter (RTCLK)
SYNC interrupt
1 minute counter (RTCLK)
Power down interrupt
AMC exception interrupt
Address of table entries (MANPCH)
Address pointer for SCN instruction (MANPCH)
AMC receive buffer full interrupt
AMC transmit buffer empty interrupt
Station 0 address pointer

Station 1 address pointer

Station

Station

Station

Station

Station

Station

Station

Station

Station

Station

Station

Station

Station

Station

2

3

10

ll

12

13

14

15

address

address

address

address

address

address

address

address

pointer
pointer
pointer
pointer
pointer
pointer
pointer

pointer

address

address

address

address

address

address

pointer
pointer
pointer
pointer
pointer

pointer

NAME

ARMDAS

CLOCK

CLOCKl

COUNT

DAY

ENDMTH

ENDTTY

GOOF

ITIMER

LSTDAY

MTH

OUTBUF

RTCCNT

SRTDAS

54

TABLE 4.2
Common Variables

DEFINITION

 

A flag, defined in subroutine RTCLK, showing a data
acquisition is pending, but has not yet commenced.

A counter, defined in subroutine RTCLK, showing the
number of minutes elapsed since midnight.

A counter, defined in subroutine RTCLK, indicating
the number of minutes since midnight updated every
fifteen minutes

A counter, defined in subroutine RTCLK, showing the
number of interrupts received from the interval timer
minus 7200. (i.e. 7200 interrupts = l min.)

A counter, defined in subroutine RTCLK, giving the
day of the month.

The starting address of a table in subroutine RTCLK
giving the last day of each month of the year.

The starting address of a portion of subroutine TTYMAN
which ends the display mode and shuts—off the Teletype.

The starting address of a portion of subroutine TTYMAN
which prints the message <ERROR and then jumps to
ENDTTY.

A counter, defined in subroutine IKB, showing the time
when the two—minute warning expires.

A counter, defined in subroutine RTCLK, giving the
last day of the current month.

A counter, defined in subroutine RTCLK, listing the
current month.

A buffer, defined in subroutine TTYMAN, which is used
for most printing operations.

A counter, defined in subroutine RTCLK, giving the
number of minutes past the last quarter hour.

The starting address of a routine, in subroutine RTCLK,
which begins the data acquisition mode.

STAT¢¢

SYSFLG

TTYFLG

YEAR

55

Table 4.2 (cont'd.).

The starting address of a table, defined by subrou—
tine TTYMAN, giving the address pointers to the first
sensor data block of the string for each station.

A flag, defined in subroutine RTCLK, indicating the
data acquisition mode.

A flag, defined in subroutine RTCLK, showing the dis—
play mode.

A counter, defined in subroutine RTCLK, giving the
current year.

56

correct password, the computer asks for a station number. Entering a
period terminates the subroutine while a numerical response followed
by a space specifies a station. Now the sensor to be put on-line is
identified. Responding to this request with an A places all sensors at
the station on-line and another station is then requested. Individual
sensors are added for each numerical response followed by a space,
while a new station is requested if a period is entered. A sensor is
placed on-line by resetting bit 15 of the identification word of the
appropriate sensor data block. If all sensors are on-line, the station
is on-line. Entering an undefined sensor or station causes "****NON-
EXISTANT" to be printed and exit made. All subroutine exits are made

through the "ENDTTY" routine. Both A and X registers are destroyed.

4.5.2 Subroutine D

 

Subroutine D performs the analogous function for taking stations
and/or sensors off-line as subroutine A. Operation is identical except

bit 15 of the identification word is set to indicate off—line.

4.5.3 Subroutine BUFFUP

 

Calling sequence: LDA DTABLK Sensor data block address
CALL *BUFFUP Calling statement

External references: None
Description:

This routine performs a stacking operation on the history buffer
of the sensor data block specified. The data in the specified history
tuiffer is pushed down discarding the oldest value. The value of the
newest data is computed by dividing the summing buffer by the summing

‘buffer counter thus creating an average value which is placed on top

57

of the history buffer. If no data was taken during the averaging in—
terval, i.e., the summing buffer counter is zero, the average value is
set to :8000 which shows missing data and placed on top of the history
buffer. The summing buffer and its counter are zeroed, the sensor data
block address loaded in the A register and return made. The original

contents of the X register are lost.

4.5.4 Subroutine CLRBUF

 

Calling sequence: CALL *CLRBUF Calling statement
External references: OUTBUF

Description:
This routine fills the print buffer (OUTBUF) with ASCII blanks.

The original contents of the A and X registers are lost.

4.5.5 Subroutine CLRHIS

 

Calling sequence: CALL *CLRHIS Calling statement

External references: STATO¢
Description:

This routine sets every entry of all the history buffers to :8000,
the missing data flag. The original contents of the A and X registers

are destroyed.

4.5.6 Subroutine CRLF

 

Calling sequence: CALL *CRLF Calling statement

External references: OTT
Description:

The ASCII characters LINE FEED, CARRIAGE RETURN, and RUBOUT are
output to the Teletype. The original contents of the A register are

lost.

58

4.5.7 Subroutine FPCVT

 

Calling sequence: LDA DATA Integer
LDX DTABLK Sensordata block address
CALL *FPCVT Calling statement
DATA OUTBUF Transfer address

External references: FAD, FAS, FLT, FMP
Description:

The integer in the A register is converted to a floating point
representation by using the parameters specified in the sensor data
block in the expression Y = MX + B where X is the integer. The result,
Y, is converted to ASCII and placed at the transfer address in the
format f X.XXXXXXE:XX. The original contents of the A and X register

are lost.

4.5.8 Subroutine GETDTA

 

Calling sequence: LDA IDENT Identification word
LDX.DTABUK Sensordata block.address.
CALL *GETDTA Calling statement
... Off—line return
... On-line return

External references: CRLF, ODEC2, OTL
Description:

Using the identification word in the A register, a character
sequence is generated causing the acquisition of data from the specified
sensor. If the remote station does not respond within a certain period,
a message identifying the station and the fault is printed. Exception

errors are ignored. Returning data is checked for validity (bit 7=0).

59

Valid data is formated and placed in the A register. The remote on—
line/off—line flag, bit 14 of the idientification word, is updated
(0/1), placed in the X register and return made to the proper point as

shown above. The original contents of the A and X registers are lost.

4.5.9 Subroutine H

 

Calling sequence: CALL *H Calling statement
External references: CLOCK, CLRBUF, CRLF, ENDTTY, FPCVT, GOOF,
IDSRCH, LABEL, ODEC2, OTL, OUTBUF, REQSEN,
REQSTA, Tl, UNITS
Description:

The histories for a specified station and from one to four sensors
at that station, are printed. The printout is time scaled to the
smallest sampling period of the specified sensors and the last 48
entries or 48 hours, whichever comes first, are printed. The sensor
data is listed in the order that the sensors were entered. Missing
data is printed as 'MD'. Time and date headers aS'well as sensor
identification are printed. The original contents of the A and X

registers are lost.

4.5.10 Subroutine IDEC

 

Calling sequence: CALL *IDEC Calling statement

External references: IKB
Description:

This subroutine inputs an optionally signed string of decimal
digits [(-)DDDDDT] and converts them to a 2'3 complement binary number.
Input is terminated by the first non-decimal character. Numbers must

be in the range —32768 to +32767 or an overflow will result. Upon

60

return, the binary number will be in the X register and the terminating
character in the A register. The original contents of the A and X re-

gisters are lost.

4.5.11 Subroutine IDSRCH

 

Calling sequence: LDA IDENT Sensor identification word
CALL *IDSRCH Calling statement
.. 'NOT FOUND' return point
... 'FOUND' return point

External references: STAT¢¢
Description:

Using the identification word in the A register, the sensor data
block string of the appropriate station is scanned looking for the re-
quested sensor. If the sensor is not located, return is made to the
calling statement +1. The memory address of the sensor data block is
returned into the A register if the sensor was found. In this case,
return is to the calling statement +2. The original contents of the A

and X registers are lost.

4.5.12 Subroutine IKB

 

Calling sequence: CALL *IKB Calling statement

External references: ARMDAS, CRLF, ENDTTY, OTL, RTCCNT
Description:

This routine inputs a single character from the Teletype keyboard
and returns is in the A register. If, while waiting for the character,
it is time to enter the data acquisition mode and the two minute warning
has expired, the message WAIT FOR SYSTEM

is printed and control turned over to the data acquisition mode. The

61

original contents of the A register are lost while the contents of the

X register are preserved if return is normal.

4.5.13 Subroutine K

 

Calling sequence: CALL *K Calling statement

External references: CRLF, ENDTTY, IDEC, OTL, OTT, PASWRD
Description:

After entering the correct password, the operator enters a new
password. If accepted, 'OK' is printed and exit is made thru ENDTTY.
If an incorrect password is entered, it must be entered again. The

original contents of the A and X registers are destroyed.

4.5.14 Subroutine PASWRD

 

Calling sequence: CALL *PASWRD Calling statement

External references: CRLF, ENDTTY, GOOF, IDEC, K, OTL, OTT
Description:

The routine asks and checks for the system password. If correct,
return is normal. An invalid or incorrect password exits through GOOF.

The original contents of the A and X registers are lost.

4.5.15 Subroutine LABEL

 

Calling sequence: LDA DTABLK Sensor data block address
CALL *LABEL Calling statement
DATA PRTBUF Transfer location

External references: None
Description:

This routine fetches the label field from the specified sensor
data block address and moves it to the address given. The original

contents of the A and X registers are lost.

62

4.5.16 Subroutine MANPCH

 

Calling sequence: LDA CHAR

CALL *MANPCH

External references: None

Description:

Output characters
Calling statement
Error return point

Normal return point

This routine punches the two ASCII characters in the A register,

most significant byte first, in man-readable characters on the high-

speed paper-tape punch.

Any punch errors cause an error return. The

original contents of the A and X registers are lost.

 

4.5.17 Subroutine ODEC2
Calling sequence: LDA CHAR
CALL *ODECZ
External references: None

Description:

Binary number

Calling statement

This routine converts the contents of the A register to a two-digit

ASCII number which is returned in the A register with the most signifi-

cant digit in the upper byte.

The number must be in the range 0 to +99.

A and X register are lost.

4.5.18 Subroutine OTL

 

Calling sequence: LAP 'T'

CALL *OTL

A leading zero returns as a leading blank.

The original contents of the

Terminating character

Calling statement

DATA PRTBUF Starting address of output buffer

External references: OTT

63

Description:

This routine outputs a string of ASCII characters to the Teletype
until the terminating character in the A register is encountered. The
characters are stored in a buffer, two characters per word - high order
first. The buffer is assumed to extend from low to high memory. The

original contents of the A and X registers are destroyed.

4.5.19 Subroutine OTT

 

Calling sequence: LDA CHAR Output character
CALL *OTT Calling statement

External references: ENDTTY, SYSFLG
Description:

This routine outputs the least significant byte of the A register
to the Teletype in the full duplex mode. If, while in this routine,
the operator uses the 'ESCAPE' key, the printing operation is terminated
VIA ENDTTY. This feature does not apply to messages printed in the
data acquisition mode. The original contents of the A and X registers

are preserved.

4.5.20 Subroutine P

 

Calling sequence: CALL *P Calling statement
External references: CLRBUF, CRLF, ENDTTY, FPCVT, GETDTA, GOOF,
IDSRCH, LABEL, OTL, OUTBUF, REQSEN, REQSTA,
UNITS
Description:
This routine fetches a sample in real-time from the operator-
specified station and sensor and. prints it: with the appropriate con-

version factors and label and units. The sequence is repeated until

64

the operator enters a period in response to a request for a station.
Any off-line sensor is flagged on the Teletype. The original contents

of the A and X registers are lost.

4.5.21 Subroutine PWRUP

 

Calling sequence: None - entry is by power up or power down
interrupts
External references: ARMDAS, CRLF, MAIN, OTL, SYSFLG, TTYFLAG,
TTYMAN, Tl , T2

Description:

This routine initializes the software upon power up interrupt. A
message identifying the power failure and the time it occurred is
printed. A new time must then be entered before automatic operation

resume S .

4.5.22 Subroutine REQSEN

 

Calling sequence: CALL *REQSEN Calling statement
... 'A' response return point
... '.' response return point
... Numerical response return point

External references: GOOF, IDEC, OTL
Description:

This routine solicits a sensor number from the operator. The
message 'SENSOR='
is printed and a response awaited. Return is made as shown above
according to the type of response. If it is numerical, the number is
returned in the A register. A numerical response must be terminated by

a space. If an improper terminating character is detected or if the

65

sensor number is outside the range of 0 to 63 then exit is made via

GOOF. The original contents of the A and X registers are lost.

4.5.23 Subroutine REQSTA

 

Calling sequence: CALL * REQSTA Calling statement
.. '.' response return point
.. Numerical response return
point

External references: CRLF, GOOF, IDEC, OTL
Description:

This routine requests a station number from the operator. The
message 'STATION=' is printed and a
response awaited. A numerical response, which must be in the range
0 to 15, is terminated by a space. Return is made as shown above. An
improper terminating character or station number outside the range 0 to
15 will exit the subroutine thru GOOF. The original contents of the A

and X registers are destroyed.

4.5.24 Subroutine RTCLK

 

Calling sequence: None — entry is by RTC and SYNC interrupts

External references: ITIMER, MAIN, OTL, SYSMAN, TTYFLG
Description:

This routine maintains a software clock and calendar based on the
interval timer. Every 15 minutes, the routine is entered and the clock
and calendar updated. Corrections are made automatically for leap
years. A flag (TTYFLG) indicating the display mode is checked and if
not set, the data acquisition mode is entered. Once the data acquisi-

tion has been entered, it is locked out to prevent re—entry. If the

66

computer is in the display mode, the operator is given an audible warn-
ing, the ringing of the Teletype bell, indicating he has two minutes to
complete entry of the command in progress. Return is then made. The
original contents of the A and X registers are saved. An alternate
entry point, SRTDAS performs bookkeeping chores and then initiates the

data acquisition mode. Exit is made thru RTCLK.

4.5.25 Subroutine S

 

Calling sequence: CALL *8 Calling statement
External references: CLRBUF, CRLF, ENDTTY, GOOF, ODEC2, OTL,
REQSTA, STAT¢D.
Description:

This routine lists the stations that were on-line the last time
data was acquired. The operator may then request the list of on-line
sensors at a particular station. This may repeat as often as desired.
The sensors listed are those which were on—line the last time they were
sampled. Exit is made via ENDTTY upon receipt of a period for a

station number.

4.5.26 Subroutine SAMPLE

 

Calling sequence: CALL *SAMPLE Calling statement

External references: BUFFUP, CLOCKl, GETDTA, STAT¢¢, STODTA
Description:

This routine sequences the acquisition, storage and updating of the
data base. It scans the sensor data blocks, determining which sensors
are to be sampled, sampling those and then determining which sensors
are to be updated and does that. Return is made when all sensors at all

stations have been processed.

67

4.5.27 Subroutine STODTA

 

Calling sequence: LDA DATA Data value
LDX DTABLK Sensor data block address
CALL *STODTA Calling statement

External references: CRLF, ODEC2, OTL
Description:

This routine adds the data in the A register to the summing buffer
of the sensor data block specified by the X register. The data is then
checked against the upper and lower tolerences given for that sensor
and flags an error on the teletype with identification if the data is
less than or equal to the lower tolerance or greater than the upper
tolerence. The summing buffer counter is incremented and return made.

The original contents of the A and X registers are lost.

4.5.28 Subroutine SYSMAN

 

Calling sequence: CALL *SYSMAN Calling statement
External references: CLOCKl, SAMPLE, TDUMP
Descriptions:
This routine initiates the data acquisition sequence and if noon
initiates the tape-punch routine after which return is made. The

original contents of the A and X registers are destroyed.

4.5.29 Subroutine T

 

Calling sequence: CALL *T Calling statement

External references: CRLF, ENDTTY, T1, T2
Description:

This routine prints out the time and date and then asks for cor-
rections. Exit is made through ENDTTY. The original contents of the

A and X registers are lost.

68

4.5.30 Subroutine Tl
Calling sequence: CALL *Tl Calling statement
External references: CLOCK, CLRBUF, DAY, MTH, ODEC2, OTL, OUTBUF
RTCCNT, YEAR
Description:
This routine prints out the date and time. The original contents

of the A and X registers are destroyed.

4.5.31 Subroutine T2

 

Calling sequence: CALL *T2 Calling statementv
External references: ARMDAS, CLOCK, CLRHIS, COUNT, CRLF, DAY,
ENDMTH, GOOF, IDEC, IKB, LSTDAY, MTH, OTL,
PASWRD, RTCCNT, SYSFLG, TDUMP, YEAR
Description:
This routine asks for time and date corrections. The message
'NEW TIME?‘ is printed. A response of a period declines and return is
made. Responding with a space causes 'PUNCH TAPE?‘ to be printed. A
response of a space will punch the entire data base. Now or if a
period was keyed, the data base is wiped out and missing data flags in-
serted. The new time is now asked for and must be entered according to
the format; HH:MM MM/DD/YY
The program is not released until a correct time and date followed
by a space is entered. The time and date are then echoed and return

made. The original contents of the A and X registers are lost.

4.5.32 Subroutine TDUMP

 

Calling sequence: CALL *TDUMP Calling statement

69

External references: CLOCK, CLRBUF, CRLF, DAY FPCVT, LABEL,
MANPCH, MTH, ODEC2, OTL, OUTBUF, STAT¢¢,
UNITS, YEAR
Description:

This routine punches the entire data base on the high-speed paper-
tape punch with the appropriate labels and units. The punch is checked
for errors or low tape :ni error message is printed if any problems
exist. The operator must clear the error condition and depress the EXT
switch on the punch before the program continues. If an error condition
is not cleared at the time the next data acquisition is to take place,
the tape routine is aborted. The tape format is shown in Figure 4.4.
The symbols < > enclose the corresponding ASCII characters that are
punched. A man-readable leader identifying the project, the present
time and date precedes the data. A leader is then punched giving the
time and date information. Next the sensor leader for the first sensor
is punched identifying the station and sensor in hexadecimal, what para-
meter is being measured and what units it is measured in. The sample
interval in minutes is punched next followed by the number of data
values. The data is then punched, most recent first, four values sep-
arated by a space and followed by a carriage return and line feed. Any
missing data is indicated by 'MD' being punched. Then the sensor leader
for the next sensor is punched and the cycle repeats. After the data
for the last sensor has been punched, <EOT> is added followed by about
two foot of blank tape. Return is then made. The original contents of
the A and X registers are lost. Note that since the tape is punched in

ASCII, it may be listed on a standard Teletype paper-tape reader.

7O

<TAPE>
<CRLF>
<NUL>
(RUBOUT>
YEAR (MSB)
YEAR (LSB)
<NUL>

/
<NUL>
MONTH (MSB)
MONTH (LSB)
<NUL>

/
DAY (MSB)
DAY (LSB)
<NUL>
HOURS (MSB)
HOURS (LSB)
<NUL>
MINUTES (MSB)
MINUTES (LSB)
<CRLF>
<NUL>
(RUBOUT)

Figure 4.4A Tape Format - Leader

71

<NUL>

3

STATION (HEX MSB)
STATION (HEX LSB)
SENSOR (HEX MSB)
SENSOR (HEX LSB)
.

<SPACE>

LABEL (MSB)
LABEL

LABEL

LABEL

LABEL

LABEL (LSB)
<SPACE>

UNITS (MSB)
UNITS

UNITS

UNITS

UNITS

UNITS

UNITS

UNITS (LSB)

Figure 4.4B Tape Format - Sensor Header

72

Figure 4.4B (cont'd.)

<SPACE>

SAMPLE INTERVAL (MINUTES MSB)
SAMPLE INTERVAL
SAMPLE INTERVAL
SAMPLE INTERVAL (LSB)
<SPACE>
<SPACE>

BUFFER LENGTH (MSB)
BUFFER LENGTH

BUFFER LENGTH (LSB)
<CRLF>
<NUL>

<RUBOUT>

73

<SPACE>
DATA VALUE
<SPACE>
DATA VALUE
<SPACE>
DATA VALUE
<SPACE>
DATA VALUE
<CRLF>

<NUL>

DATA VALUE FORMAT

:X.XXXXXXE:XX Floating point number, or

MD Missing data flag

Figure 4.4C Tape Format - Data

74

4.5.33 Subroutine TTYMAN

 

Calling sequence: CALL *TTYMAN Calling statement
External references: ARMDAS, A, CRLF, D, H, IKB, K, OTL, OTT, P,
SRTDAS, S, T
Description:

This routine manages the display mode. Upon entry, the Teletype
motor is turned on, a prompt '>' is printed and a response is awaited.
Branching is then made to the appropriate subroutine. Valid commands
are: A, D, H, K, P, S, T, and '.'. No terminating character is needed.
Routine ENDTTY is a part of subroutine TTYMAN. ENDTTY turns off the
teletype motor, resets the flag (TTYFLG) signaling the end of the dis—
play mode and checks if a data acquisition is pending. If so, it
begins: If not, return is made. Routine GOOF, a part of TTYMAN, prints
the message '<ERROR' and then calls ENDTTY. The printing buffer, OUT-
BUF, consisting of 72 characters resides here. The table of the station
addresses is initilized here (STATDD). The original contents of the A

and X registers are lost.

4.5.34 Subroutine UNITS

 

Calling sequence: LDA DTABLK Sensor data block address
CALL *UNITS Calling statement
DATA PRTBUF Transfer address
External references: None
Description:
This routine transfers the UNITS field of the specified sensor data
block to the given memory location. Return is then made. The original

contents of the A and X registers are lost.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

5.1 Installation and Performance

 

The DAS was installed in September 1975. The data initially gath—
ered includes: wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and dew poing
measured at 30, 10, and 2 meters, solar radiation, and soil flux. The
chemical sensors are currently being installed at lake 4 and operation
is expected in early 1976. Photographs of various aspects of the in-
stallation are on proceeding pages.

Initial start-up problems included a defective memory board, a
broken wire at a remote station, and a few minor software bugs. The
only major problem to date has been unreliable electrical power from the
power company. Line voltages of 85 volts have been noted, which is
below the operating level of the computer. In addition, a lSO-horsepower
electric motor, located a few feet from the computer, causes a computer
failure when it turns on. This latter problem was eliminated by using a
constant voltage transformer on the computer.

Another problem encountered was the picking up of stray electrical
noise by the REQUEST switch circuit, thus, generating a false request.
The circuit was modified as shown in Figure 5.1 and the problem was
corrected.

At the present time, the system is operating reliably full time.

5.2 Costs

A cost breakdown of the central site installation and a remote

75

76

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77

station is given in Table 5.1.

5.3 Future System Modifications

 

There are many possible directions to expand and improve the data

acquisition system. A few of them are listed below.

 

1) Software Improvements

In the present version, there is no error checking and cor-
rection. This could be added as simply as parity checking all char—
acters exchanged from the computer to the remote stations, the
terminal, and the paper-tape punch or as complicated as cyclic re-
dundancy checksum characters (CRCC).

The command repertoire can be expanded and modified to include
additional features and options.

The software can be modified to permit simultaneous display
mode and data acquisition mode operation, thus eliminating the user
lockout that currently occurs. Also, multiple users could be ac—

commodated if desired.

2) Data Base Improvements

 

The sensor data blocks could be modified to allow for non-
uniform sampling periods for the same sensor. This would be par-
ticularly useful where changes in data are more important than the
status quo.

The data base can be stored on a floppy disc or similiar mass
storage medium, thus allowing memory savings. Coupling this with
automatic calling abilities and a modem, the paper-tape medium can
be eliminated by dumping the data base directly from the floppy disc

to a large host computer such as MSU's CDC 6500 for permanentstorage.

78

TABLE 5 .1

Cost Breakdown

Remote Station

 

A) Transmitter Board
STX1003 Transmitter
ADC12QZ-023 A to D Convertor
Miscellaneous

B) Receiver Board
SRXlOOS Receiver
DAC—l9-8B D to A Convertor
SCL1006 Clock

Miscellaneous

C) Digital Control Multiplexer Board
Miscellaneous

D) Analog Signal Multiplexer Board
MM-8 Multiplexers
Miscellaneous

E) Hardware
Cabinet

Connectors
Switches

Power supplies
Miscellaneous

TOTAL COST: $1,765

Central Site

 

Computer w/8K core memory
Paper-tape Punch

Teletype

Cabinet

SMX 1004 Multiplexer

SMC 1007 Controller

SCL 1006 Clock
Miscellaneous

TOTAL COST: $7,070

$200.00
150.00
30.00

$380.00

$200.00
30.00
70.00
30.00
$330.00

$30.00

$320.00
30.00
$350.00

$100.00

175.00
100.00
200.00
100.00
$675.00

$3,900.00
2,400.00
1,000.00

200.00
170.00
150.00

70.00
180.00

$7,070.00

79

3) Remote Station Communications

 

The 20mA current loops could be replaced by a modem system
(perhaps based on the Motorola 6860 integrated circuit). This would
allow the use of standard voice grade telephone lines between the
central site and the remote station. The remote stations can now
be placed virtually anywhere in the country, since, by connections
to the telephone system,the computer could call up and interrogate

each remote station.

4) 1192.

Instead of basing the system clock on the AC power line, a
clock can be built that receives the NBS time signals. This would
permit automatic recovery from a power failure since the operator
would no longer be required to enter the time upon power up. A
clock such as the one described in Radio-Electronics, July 1972

issue, is suitable.

5) Digital Signal Multiplexer Board

 

This board multiplexes the 32 12-bit signal input busses to a
single lZ-bit buss for presentation to the transmitter board. The
board can be based on a tri-state multiplexer such as a 74251 (8:1),
a 74253 (4:1),or a 74257 (2:1) depending on the pinout limitations

of the boards it is built on. The addresses could be determined by

 

using the upper channel enable line (CHNL32/39EN, CHNL40/47EN,

 

 

CHNL48/55EN, and CHNL56/63EN) as chip enables and the address lines

 

 

ANACHNLADRl, ANACHNLADRZ, and ANACHNLADR3 as input select lines for

the 74251 8:1 multiplexer.

80

Work in some of the above areas is currently in progress and should

be operational in late 1976.

81

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

PROGRAM SDB

85

APPENDIX A

Program SDB

The definition of the data base is a two part process: the first
creates an input paper tape which defines the sensor data blocks and
their parameters (see section 4.2), the second uses this paper tape as
input to program SDB. SDB produces a binary paper tape which is then
loaded into the DAS computer's memory, thus defining the data base to

the data acquisition system.

A.1 Input Paper-Tape Creation

 

The input paper tape, which defines the sensor data blocks and their
parameters, is created using the source tape preparation features of
either the OMEGA assembler or the STP program supplied by Computer Auto-
mation. Refer to the appropriate documentation for detailed instructions
for using these programs.

In general, input paper tapes must follow a fixed format and use
the following three instructions, each separated by a blank line: ORG,
STA, END. ORG defines the first memory address where the sensor data
blocks should reside; STA signals that a station exists with on-line
sensors; and finally, END terminates the tape.

An ORG instruction must be the first entry on the input paper tape.'
A new ORG may be specified for each station, however, this is not normally

needed. Unless otherwise specified, the sensor data blocks are assigned

86

87

contiguously upwards in memory. The END instruction must appear exactly
once as the last entry on the input paper tape.

The END instruction causes SDB to punch the record of base page
station address pointers as its final task: SDB then halts.

The three instructions ORG, STA, and END require the following fix-

ed format: a "b" represents a blank.

ORG=DDDD where D = decimal digit, or
ORG=:HHHH where H = hexidecimal digit
STA=DD where DD = ¢-15, or

STA=:H where H = G-F

END .

Remember that each instruction begins in column 1 and you must fol-
low each instruction with a blank line. CAUTION: The ORG address must

not overlap the DAS program or the DAS will not operate.

A.1.1 STA Instruction

 

Among the three legal instructions only STA requires additional in-
formation: the sensor data block information for the station being de—
fined. The sensor data blocks each consist of a group of eight parameters
which characterize the sensor. Note that each of the eight parameters
begins in column 2, and also that a blank line terminates each group.

The sensor data blocks are entered in any order.
The first parameter identifies the sensor number: it can vary from

1—63.

bSN=DD where DD 1-63. or

bSN=:HH where HH 1-3F.

88

Next, the second parameter defines the sampling interval: it must
be divisible by 15.
bSI=DDDD where D = decimal digit, or
bSI=:HHH where H = hexidecimal digit.
The third and fourth parameters indicate the upper and lower tol—
erance expected on the 12-bit binary data value. Note that an analog
input signal is converted to a lZ-bit unsigned binary number. It is

this value that is checked.

bUT=DDDD where DDDD = ¢-4¢95, or
bUT=:HHH where HHH = ¢-FFF
bLT=DDDD where DDDD = ¢~4¢95, or
bLT=:HHH where HHH = ¢-FFF

NOTE: UT-LT>¢.
The fifth and sixth parameters reveal the multiplier and offset the
DAS uses in its y = MPx + OF linear translation. The x variable repre-
sents the 12-bit binary data value, and y equals the value of the scaled
parameter in scientific units. You must express both the multiplier and
offset in scientific notation.
bMPéiX.XXXXXXE:XY and
bOFé:X.XXXXXXE:¥Y
Finally, the seventh and eight parameters denote the label and units
the system uses on all print-outs. Because OMEGA and STP removes trail-
ing blanks on all lines, you must right justify these fields.
bLB=LLLLLL where L = ASCII character or,
bUN=UUUUUUUU where U = ASCII character.
The following example illustrates the correct form for the input

paper tapes using OMEGA.

89

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ORG-:OFGO

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UN:- DEG FRET

END

?PLT I F.
PUNCH ON: RUN. AT HALT OFF: RUN.

Figure A.1 Input Paper-Tape Creation Example

90

A.2 Binary Paper-Tape Creation

 

At this point the input paper tape must be converted to a binary
paper tape. Program SDB performs the translation and produces an abso—
lute binary paper tape that can be overlayed into the DAS's memory using
AUTOLOAD.

Program SDB is loaded into the LSI-2 memory along with the TELETYPE
UTILITY PACKAGE and the FLOATING POINT ARITHMETIC PACKAGE supplied by
Computer Automation and execution begun. SDB will print out a message
and stop. Here the input paper tape is placed in the paper-tape reader
of the Teletype and the reader and the paper-tape punch turned on. The
RUN switch on the computer is depressed and SDB will read in the input
paper tape and begin processing it.

If SDB detects an invalid station or sensor number of if the samp—
ling interval is not a multiple of 15, it prints a message identifying
the type of error and listing the offending line: the program now halts.
Now, you must correct the error, prepare a new input paper tape, and re-
execute SDB.

As SDB processes each sensor data block, it punches out the corre-
sponding binary information. When the entire input paper tape has been
processed and punched, the computer halts. And you may now remove the
input paper tape from the reader and the binary tape from the punch: turn
off the reader and punch.

As the final step then, you may load this binary tape (using AUTO—
LOAD) into the DAS's computer, and resume operation with the new data

base.

APPENDIX B

PROGRAM SDB LISTINGS

91

0001

0000
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
000A
0008
000C
0000
000E
000F
0010
0011
0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
001A
0018
001C

0010
0018
001F
0020
0021
0022
0023
0024
0025
0026
0027
0028
0029
002A
0028
002C

0028
002E
002F

F898
F897
C683
F896
00A8
F893
F892
0800
FA79
FA7F
8396
13D7
COCF
F20F
COD3
F380
C005
F218
CODE
F262
F884
F883
C683
F882
0009
F87F
F882
F878
0800

E283
1328
C204
0800
8400
0F00
C08A
F202
F878
F202
0128
F876
EA79
F86C
F868
F622

0110
9A76
C6FF

SDB

CMD

ORG

ORG!

ORG2

EXIT

NAM
JST
JST
LAP
JST
DATA
JST
JST
HLT
JST
JST
LDA
LRA
CAI
JMP
CAI
JMP
CAI
JMP
CAI
JMP
JST
JST
LAP
JST
DATA
JST
JST
JST
HLT

LDX
LLX
AXI
$8M
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SUM
CAI
JMP
JST
JMP
IXR
JST
STX
JST
JST
JMP

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STA
LAP

92

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*CRLF
*CRLF
:83
*OTL
Ml
*CRLF
*CRLF

LDR
BGNLN
*LINE
8

Io!
ORG
'5'
*STA
IE.
EXIT
0'0
PAUSE
*CRLF
*CRLF
:83
*OTL
ER!
*CRLF
*LSTLN
*CRLF

LINE

ORG!
*DECRD
once

*HEXRD
p
*RDLINE
*RDLINE
CMD

CKSUM
:FF

TERM CHAR CC
PRINT M1

PUNCH LEADER
READ FIRST LINE

ARSFIRST CHAR OF LINE

EQ
NE
EQ
NE
EQ
NE
EQ

NEaERRORaTERM CHAR CC
PRINT ER!

LIST LINE

XR=LINE IN BYTE
SET INDEX

AR=FIFTH CHAR OF LINE

EQ
NE: XR=VALUE
XR=VALUE

P=STARTING ADR OF SDB
SKIP A LINE

GET NEW LINE

GET NEW COMMAND

PUNCH LAST REC:
RESET CKSUM

EOF: XFER ADR

0002

0030
0031
0032
0033
0034
0035
0036
0037
0038
0039
003A
0038
0030
003D
003E
003F
0040
0041
0042
0043
0044
0045
0046
0047
0048
0049
004A
0048
004C
0040
004E
004F
0050
0051
0052
0053
0054
0055
0056
0057
0058
0059
005A
0058
005C
005D
0058
005F
0060
0061
0062
0063
0064

F86F
0110
FA45
C62C
FA43
C601
FA41
0110
FA3F
FA3E
C604
FA3C
0110
FA3A
C6EE
FA38
C606
FA36
0110
FA34
C610
FA32
E258
1328
C720
9A5A
0E00
8400
0F00
FA2A
0128
DA54
F606
C602
FA25
C60!
FA23
0110
FA21
0110
E24C
1807
F845
0110
1807
F842
C70C
9A44
0110
F83E
DA41
F602
C6FF

EXIT!

EXIT2

JST
ZAR
JST
LAP
JST
LAP
JST
ZAR
JST
JST
LAP
JST
ZAR
JST
LAP
JST
LAP
JST
ZAR
JST
LAP
JST
LDX
LLX
LAM
STA
$8M
LDAB
SUM
JST
IXR
IMS
JMP
LAP
JST
LAP
JST
ZAR
JST
ZAR
LDX
LLL
JST
ZAR
LLL
JST
LAM
STA
ZAR
JST
IMS
JMP
LAP

*OTT

PCB
:20
FOR
:01
FOR

PCH
FOR
:04
FOR

PCH
:EE
PCH
:06
FOB

FOR
:10
PER

STATBL

1
32
CTR
O0
PCH

CTR

EXIT!

:02
FOR
:01
PCH

PCH

CKSUM

*OTT

*OTT
12
CTR

*OTT
CTR

EXIT2

:FF

REC MARKER

LNGTH'UB

LNGTH-LB

BEGIN PROG TYPE CODE :01

TWO NULLS

ORG TYPE CODE :04
ADR-U8

ADR-L8

DATA TYPE CODE :06
NBR WRDS'UB

NBR WRDS'LB
XR=STAT8L IN BYTE
RESET CTR T0 '32
AR=CHAR

PUNCH IT

FINISHED?

NO

YES:

END TYPE CODE 802
TRANSFER ADR 8100

AR=0
TRANSFER ADR OK
AR=0

AR=CKSUM-U8
PUNCH IT
AR=0
AR=CKSUM-L8
PUNCH IT

RESET CTR TO '12
AR=0

PUNCH 12 NULL SPACER
FINISHED?

NO

YES: AR=:FF

0003

0065
0066
0067
0068
0069
006A
0068
006C
0068
006E
006F
0070
0071
0072
0073
0074
0075

0076
0077

0078
0079
007A
0078
007C
0078
007E
007F
0080
008!

0082
0083
0084
0085
0086
0087
0088

0089
008A
0088
008C
0088
008E
008F
0090
0091

F83A
FA18
0800
F830
F82F
C683
F82E
00D0
8235
F829
F829
F828
C683
F827
0003
F824
F600

0800
F668

0800
F826
8A2A
11D0
3201
8A28
AA26
8227
8A24
F709

0800
0118
0128
F81A
0150
F705
F604

0800
F810
C080
F602
E213
1328
0800
9000
0F00

LDR

LDR!

BGNLN

81

JST
JST
HLT
JST
JST
LAP
JST
DATA
LDA
JST
JST
JST
LAP
JST
DATA
JST
WAIT

HLT
JMP

ENT
JST
EMA
RRA
JOR
ADD
XOR
AND
EMA
RTN

ENT
ZAX
IXR
JST
CXI
RTN
JMP

ENT
JST
CAI
JMP
LDX
LLX
SBM
STAB
SUM

94

*OTT
LDR

*CRLF
*CRLF
:83
*OTL
M2

*OHEX
*CRLF
*CRLF
:83
*OTL
M3
*CRLF

CMD-1

*OTT
CKSUM
1

5+2
K:80
CKSUM
K:FF
CKSUM
PCH

*OTT
80
LDR
LDR!

*IPT
:80
$-2
LINE

G0

PUNCH EOF

PUNCH TRAILER

TERM CHAR
PRINT M2

IS ETX

AR=PROG CTR
PRINT IT IN HEX

TERM CHAR
PRINT M3

15 ETX

READ NEXT TAPE

PUNCH CHAR
FIND CKSUM

CKSUM FOUND

PUNCH NULL
FINISHED?

YES
NO

SHIPS LEADER AND READS FIRST L
READ CHAR

NULL?

E0: SKIP NULL

NE

XR=LINE IN BYTE

STORE CHAR

0004

0092
0093
0094
0095
0096

0097
0098
0099
009A
0098
0090
009D
009E
009F
00A0
00A1
00A2

00A3
00A4
00A5
00A6
00A7

00A8
00A9
00AA
00A0
00AD
00AE
00AF
0080
0081
0082
0083
0084
0085
0086
0087
0088
0089
008A
0088
0080
008D
008E
008F
0000
0001

0128
F807
0080
F700
F607

0080
00FF

D304
C2A0
8D8A
D205
0104
D9A0
D205
0104
05D2
AEAO
D4D5
D20E
A080
0508
0308
AOCF
CEAE
8D8A
01D4
A008
0100
D4A0
020F
D408
AO0F

*
*

RDLINE

OHEX
CRLF
OTL
IPT
STA

LSTLN
DECRD
HEXRD

OTT
LINE

STATBL

*
*
p
CTR

CKSUM

K:80
K:FF

M!

IXR
JST
CAI
RTN
JMP

REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF

RES
RES
RES
DATA
DATA

TEXT

RES
TEXT

TEXT

DATA
TEXT

95

SET INDEX
*IPT READ CHAR
:80 NULL?
BGNLN EQ: RTN
81 NE: STORE IT
1
l
l
:80
:FF
'SDB'
2:88D8A

'READY READER.-

'TURN PUNCH ONo'

:8D8A
'AT HALT BOTH OFF.'

0005

0002
0003
0004
0005
0005
0007
0008
0009
000A
0008
0000
0008
000E
000F
00D0
0001
0082
0003
00D4
00D5
0006
0087
0088
00D9
00DA
00D8
00D0
00DD
00DE
00DF
0080

ERRORS

0006

BGNLN
CRLF
EXIT
IPT
LDR!
M2

ORG
OTT
RDLINE

0606
AEAO
A000
0205
03D3
AOD2
DSCE
A004
0FAO
030F
CED4
090E
D505
A883
D08D
A08A
83A0
050E
04A0
060F
DSCE
04AE
83A0
090E
D601
0009
C4A0
030F
CDCD
010E
C483

0089
0099
002D
0098
0084
00D0
001D
00A0
0097

M4

M2

M3

ER!

TEXT

TEXT

TEXT

TEXT

B!
CTR
EXIT!
K:FF
LINE
M3
ORG!
PAUSE
SDB

' PRESS RUN TO CONTINUE.’

'P=

'END FOUND. '

'INVALID COMMAND'

008F
00A4
004A
00A7
00A1
00D3
0027
0076
0000

CKSUM
DECRD
EXIT2
K:80
LSTLN
M4
ORGz
PCH

STATBL

00A5
009E
006!
00A6
009D
0004
0029
0078
00A2

CMD
ER!
HEXRD
LDR
M1
OHEX
OTL

STA

000A
00D9
009F
0082
00A8
0098
009A
00A3
009C

0001

0000
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
000A
0008
0000
000D
000E
000F
0010
001!
0012
0013
0014

0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
001A
0018
0010
0010
0018
001F
0020
0021

0022
0023
0024
0025
0026
0027
0028
0029
002A
0028
0020
0020
0028
002F
0030
0031

0032

8235
1328
C204
0800
8400
0F00
008A
F202
F82E
F202
0128
F820
EA4E
0030
0240
0240
F218
0000
0048
8325
9000
0048
0010
9A48
0110
9A30
F830
F82F
831A
1307
00A0
F201

F208
0A3E
F822
F818
F818
F818
F818
F818
F818
F818
F818
F611

0350
9A10
F816
F316
0683
F815
0060
F814

STA

STA!

STA2

NWSN

LSTSN

XSTNBR

NAM
LDX
LLX
AXI
58M
LDAB
SWM
CAI
JMP
JST
JMP
IXR
JST
STX
TXA
CMS
CMS
JMP
NOP
TAX
LDA
STA

ARM
STA
ZAR
STA
JST
JST
LDA
LRA
CAI
JMP
JMP
IMS
JST
JST
JST
JST
JST
dST
JST
JST
JST
JMP
ARP
STA
JST
JMP
LAP
dST
DATA
JST

97

STA:STAN8R:STATBL:LINK

LINE
1
4

DU
0::
STA!

*DECRD
STA2

*HEXRD
STANBR

K:F
K:0
XSTNBR

*P
OSTATBL

NBRSEN

LINK
*RDLINE
*RDLINE
*LINE

8

I 0

5+2
LSTSN
NBRSEN
tPUNCH
*SN

*5!

*UT

*LT

*MP

*OF

*LB

*UN
NUSN

LINK
*PUNCH
#CMD
:83
*0TL
ER2
#CRLF

XRSLINE IN BYTE
SET INDEX

AR=FIFTH CHAR OF LINE

so
NE: XR= STA wan
XR= STA NBR
ARssrA NBR
VALID NBR?

NO: ERROR

YES

XR=STA NBR

AR=P

FIRST SEN LINK 0K

RESET NBRSEN T0 ’1
AR=0

RESET LINK TO ZERO
SKIP A LINE

READ NEU LINE

ARsFIRST CHAR OF LINE

EQ:CONTINUE

NE: MUST BE A COMMAND

SKIP PUNCH FIRST TIME THRU
PUNCH PAST SDB AS ONE RECORD
SEN NBR

SAMP INT

UPPER TOL

LOWERE TOL

MULTIPLIER

OFFSET

LABEL

UNIT

TRY FOR NEW SENSOR

AR=1

SET LINK TO!

PUNCH PAST SDB AS ONE RECORD
FIND COMMAND

TERM CHAR CC

PRINT ER2

0002

0033
0034
0035

0036
0037
0038
0039
003A
0038
0030
0030
0038
003F
0040
0041
0042
0043
0044
0045
0046
0047
0048
0049
004A

0048
0058
0050
0050
0058
005F

0060
006!
0062
0063
0064
0065
0066
0067
0068
0069
006A
0068

ERRORS

F814
F812
0800

FFFF

000F
0000
00EE

C908
0601
0009
04A0
0304
0104
C9CF
CEAO
0805
0002
0502
A883

*
1:

LINE

DECRD
HEXRD

p
IPL
SN
51
UT
LT
MP
OF
L8
UN
PBUF

PUNCH

CMD
OTL
CRLF

LSTLN

LINK

RDLINE

*
*

STATBL
STANBR

K:F
K:0
K:EE

NBRSEN

#
*
ER2

JST
JST
HLT

REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF

RES
RES
DATA
DATA
DATA
RES

TEXT

98

*LSTLN
sCRLF

LIST LINE

16::FFFF
1

:F

:0

:EE

1

'INVALID STATION NUMBER.‘

0003

CMD
HEXRD
K30
LSTLN
NBRSEN
PBUF
SI

STA

UT

0045
0038
005D
0048
005F
0043
0030
0000
003D

CRLF
IPL
LB

LSTSN

NWSN

PUNCH

SN
STAI

XSTNBR

0047
003A
0041
0028
0019
0044
0038
000A
002F

99

DECRD

KzEE
LINE
LT
or

p

STANBR

STA2

0037
005E
0036
003E
0040
0039
0058
0000

ER2
Ks?
LINK
MP
OTL

RDLINE
STATBL

UN

0060
0050
0049
003F
0046
004A
0043
0042

0001

0000
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
000A
0008
000C
0000
000E
000F
0010
0011
0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
001A
0018
0010
0010
001E

001F
0020
0021
0022
0023
0024
0025
0026
0027
0028

0029
002A

0028
002C
002D

0800
E21E
1328
C204
0E00
B400
0F00
C08A
F202
F817
F202
0128
F815
0030
D21A
D21A
F207
0000
B310
132F
1807
980E
F808
F717
C683
F80C
0028
F808
F808
F809
0800

0040
0001

C9CE
D6C1
CCC9

SN

SN1

5N2

XSENBR

*
*

RDLINE

LINE

DECRD
REXRD
STANBR

PBUF
IPL
OTL
CRLF

LSTLN

*

*
K240
K201
2k

*
ER3

NAM
ENT
LDX
LLX
AXI
SBM
LDAB
SWM
CAI
JMP
JST
JMP
IXR
JST
TXA
CMS
CMS
JMP
NOP
LDA
LLX
LLL
STA
JST
RTN
LAP
JST
DATA
JST
JST
JST
HLT

REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF

DATA
DATA

TEXT

100

SN

LINE
1
4

00
232
SN1

*DECRD
5N2

*HEXRD

K240
K201
XSENBR

*STANBR
8

8

*PBUF
*RDLINE
SM

283
*OTL
ER3
*CRLF
*LSTLN
*CRLF

240
201

FINDS SEN NBR: CREATES ID WORD
AR=LINE IN BYTE
SET INDEX

AR=FIFTH CHAR OF LINE

EQ

NE: XR= SEN NBR

XR=SEN NBR
AR=SEN NBR
VALID SEN NBR?

NO:
YES
AR=STA NBR

XR=SEN NBR IN UPPER BYTE
AR=STA NBR/ SEN NBR
STORE ID WORD

READ NEW LINE

ERROR

TERM CHAR ETX
PRINT ER3

LIST LINE

'INVALID SENSOR NUMBER.’

ERRORS

0002

0023
002F
0030
0031
0032
0033
0034
0035
0036

0003

CRLF
IPL
LSTLN

SN

XSENBR

C4A0
D305
CED3
CFD2
AOCE
D50D
0205
D2AE
83A0

0027
0025
0028
0000
0018

DECRD

K201
OTL
SN1

0021
002A
0026
0008

101

ER3
K240
PBUF
5N2

0028
@029
0024
000D

HEXRD

LINE

RDLINE
STANBR

0022
0020
001F
0023

0001

0000
0001

0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
000A
0008
0000
000D
000E
000F
0010
0011

0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
@019
001A
0018
0010
001D
001E
001F
0020
0021

0022
0023
0024
0025
0026
0027

0028
0029
002A
0028
0020
002D
002E
002F
0030

0800
E227
1328
C204
0E00
8400
0F00
C08A
F202
F820
F202
0128
F81E
EA23
0030
E210
C202
9000
0048
0110
1328
3108
E210
1328
1970
0031
EA19
E210
0203
8216
9000
F808
F720
0683
F808
0035
F80A
F80A
F808
0800

SI

SI!

$12

XSI

*

RDLINE

LINE

DECRD
HEXRD

P8UF
IPL
OTL
CRLF

LSTLN

:1:
*

NAM
ENT
LDX
LLX
AXI
58M
LDAB
SWM
CAI
JMP
JST
JMP
IXR
JST
STX
TXA
LDX
AXI
STA
TAX
ZAR
LLX
JAN
LDX
LLX
DVD

STX
LDX
AXI
LDA
STA
JST
RTN
LAP
JST
DATA
JST
JST
JST
RLT

REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF

SI:R8L

LINE
1
4

CD
2:.
SII

*DECRD
512

*HEXRD
SMPINT

P8UF
2
O0

1

XSI
K2880
1
SMPINT

HBL
PBUF

3

HBL

O0
*RDLINE
51

283
*OTL
ER4
*CRLF
*LSTLN
*CRLF

102

FIND SAMPLE INTERVAL: HBL
AR=LINE IN BYTE
SET INDEX

AR=FIFTH CHAR OF LINE

EQ

NE: XR= SAM INT

XRBSAM INT

STORE IT

AR=SAM INT

XRBADR OF P8UF

SET INDEX

STORE SAM INT IN PBUF*2
XRBSAM INT

AR=0

SET UP FOR DVDBY IS DVD K15 AR
JMP IF AR NOT ZERG: ERROR
AR=0: XR=2880

SET UP FOR DVD BY SI
AR=REMAINDERJXR=HBL

STORE HBL
XR=ADR OF P8UF
SET INDEX

STORE HBL IN P8UF+3

PRINT ER4

LIST LINE

103

0002

0031 SMPINT RES 1

0032 000F K15 DATA IS

0033 0840 K2880 DATA 2880

0034 RBL RES 1

*
31:

0035 D301 ER4 TEXT 'SAMPLE INTERVAL NOT '

0036 CDDO

0037 0005

0038 A009

0039 CED4

003A CSD2

0038 D601

003C 00A0

003D CECF

003E D4A0

003F CIAO TEXT 'A MULTIPLE OF 15.’

0040 0005

0041 00D4

0042 C9D0

0043 0005

0044 AOCF

0045 C6A0

0046 8185

0047 AE83

END

ERRORS

0003
CRLF 002F DECRD 002A ERA 0035 X HBL 0034
HEXRD 0028 IPL 002D K15 0032 K2880 0033
LINE 0029 LSTLN 0030 OTL 002E P8UF 0020
RDLINE 0028 X SI 0000 SII 000B SI2 000D
SMPINT 0031 XSI 0021

0001

0000
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
000A
0008
0000
000D
000E
000F
0010
0011
0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
001A
0018
0010
001D
001E
001F
0020
0021
0022
0023
0024
0025

0026
0027
0028
0029
002A
0028

ERRORS

0800
E225
1328
C204
0E00
8400
0F00
C08A
F202
F81E
F202
0128
F810
0030
E218
C207
9000
F814
F712
0800
E212
1328
C204
0E00
8400
0F00
C08A
F202
F808
F202
0128
F809
0030
E208
C208
9000
F801
F712

UT

UTl

UT2

LT

LT1

LT2

*
*

RDLINE

LINE

DECRD
REXRD

P8UF
IPL

NAM
ENT
LDX
LLX
AXI
$8M
LDA8
SUM
CAI
JMP
JST
JMP
IXR
JST
TXA
LDX
AXI
STA
JST
RTN
ENT
LDX
LLX
AXI
58M
LDA8
SUM
CAI
JMP
JST
JMP
IXR
JST
TXA
LDX
AXI
STA
JST
RTN

REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
REF
END

UT:LT

LINE
1
4

00
2:2
UTI

*DECRD
UT2

*HEXRD

P8UF

7

O0
*RDLINE
UT

LINE
1
a

00
0:0
LT1

*DECRD
L72

*HEXRD

P8UF

8

Q0
*RDLINE
LT

104

FINDS UPPER TOL

XR=LINE IN 8YT

SET INDEX

AR=FIFTH CHAR IN LINE
E0

NE: XR=UPPER TOL

XR=UPPER TOL
AR=UPPER TOL

XR= PBUF+7
STORE UPPER TOL IN P8UF*7
FINDS LOUERE TOL

XR'LINE IN BYTE
SET INDEX

ARBFIFTH CHAR 0F LINE

E0

NE: XR=LOUER TOL

XRBLOUER TOL
ARBLOUER TOL

AR=P8UF+8
STORE LOUER TOL AT P8UF+8
READ NEU LINE

105

0002

DECRD 0028 HEXRD 0029 IPL 0028 LINE 0027
LT 0013 LT1 001E LT2 0020 P8UF 002A
RDLINE 0026 X UT 0000 UT1 0008 UT2 000D

0001

0000
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
000A
0008
000C
0000
000E
000F
0010
0011
0012
0013
0014
0015
0016

0017
0018
0019
001A
0018
0010
0010

MP:0F

PBUF

9

MP1
*FLTFIL
ABUF
*ASF
A80?
2800
*RDLINE
MP

P80?

11

OF1
*FLTFIL
ABUF
*ASF
ABUF
2800
#RDLINE
OF

106

FINDS MULTIPLIER
XR=P8UF+9

SET UP ASF CALL
FILL FLT PT ABUF

NORMAL RTN: CONVERT TO 2 URD

FINDS OFFSET
XR=P8UF+11

SET UP ASF CALL
FILL FLT PT A8UF

CONVERT TO 2 URD

READ NEU LINE

ERRORS

0002

ABUF
LINE
OF1

NAM

0800 MP ENT
E219 LDX
C209 AXI
EA04 STX
F814 JST
001D DATA
F813 JST
0010 DATA
0800 MP1 DATA
F800 JST
F70A RTN
0800 OF ENT
820E LDX
0208 AXI
EA04 STX
F809 JST
0010 DATA
F808 JST
001D DATA
0800 OF1 DATA
F802 JST
F70A RTN
0800 HLT

*

*

RDLINE REF

LINE REF

FLTFIL REF

ASF REF

P8UF REF

IPL REF

ABUF RES

END

0010 ASF
0018 X MP
0013 P8UF

001A
0000
0018

FLTFIL 0019

MP1

0008 X

RDLINE 0017

IPL
OF

0010
0008

0001

0000
0001

0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
000A
0008
0000
0000
000E
000F
0010
0011

0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
001A
0018
0010
0010
0018
001F
0020
0021

0022
0023
0024
0025
0026
0027
0028
0029
002A
0028
002C
0020
002E
002F
0030
0031

0032
0033

0800
E237
1328
C204
EA36
C205
EA36
E232
1328
C21A
EA31
E22F
0800
8400
0F00
E220
0800
9000
0F00
8227
0228
F202
0000
F203
DA22
DA22
F60F
F810
F710
0800
E21A
1328
C204
EA19
0207
EA19
E215
1328
C220
EA14
E212
0800
B400
0F00
E20F
0E00
9000
0F00
820A
0208
F202
0000

L8

L81

L82

UN

NAM
ENT
LDX
LLX
AXI
STX
AXI
STX
LDX
LLX
AXI
STX
LDX
SBM
LDAB
SUM
LDX
SBM
STAB
SUM
LDA
CMS
JMP
NOP
JMP
IMS
IMS
JMP
JST
RTN
ENT
LDX
LLX
AXI
STX
AXI
STX
LDX
LLX
AXI
STX
LDX
SBM
LDAB
SUM
LDX
$8M
STAB
SUM
LDA
CMS
JMP
NOP

L8:UN

LINE
1

4
LDCHR
5
LSTCHR
P8UF
1

26
STCHR
LDCHR

90
STCHR
O0

LDCHR
LSTCHR
5+3

L82
LDCHR
STCHR
L81
*RDLINE
LB

LINE
1

4
LDCHR
7
LSTCHR
P8UF
1

32
STCHR
LDCHR

O0
STCHR
C0
LDCHR

LSTCHR
5+3

107

FINDS AND STORES LABEL

AR=LINE IN BYTE
SET INDEX TO FIRST CHAR

SET INDEX TO LAST CHAR
XRaPBUF IN BYTE

SET P8UF INDEX TO FIRST CHAR
GET LOAD BYTE ADR

AR=CHAR

GET STORE BYTE ADR

STORE CHAR

AR=8YTE ADR OF CURRENT CHAR
FINISHED?

LT: NO CONTINUE

GT

EQ:YES

GET NEU LOAD BYTE ADR

GET NEU STORE BYTE ADR

GET NEU CHAR

READ NEU LINE

FINDS AND STORES UNITS

XR=LINE IN BYTE
SET INDEX TO FIRST CHAR

SET INDEX TO LAST CHAR
XRSPBUF IN BYTE

SET P8UF INDEX TO FIRST CHAR
GET LOAD BYTE ADR

ARBCHAR

GET STORE BYTE ADR

STORE CHAR

AR=8YTE ADR OF CURRENT CHAT
FINISHED?

LT: NO CONTINUE
GT

108

0002
0034 F717 RTN UN 80: YES RETURN
0035 DA05 IMS LDCHR GET NEU LOAD BYTE ADR
0036 DA05 IMS STCHR GET NEU STORE BYTE ADR
0037 F60F JMP UNI GET NEU CHAR
a:
*
0038 RDLINE REF
0039 LINE REF
003A PBUF REF
*
:1:
0038 LDCHR RES 1
0030 STCHR RES 1
0030 LSTCHR RES 1
END
ERRORS
0003
L8 0000 L81 0008 L82 0018 LDCHR 003B
LINE 0039 LSTCHR 003D PBUF 003A RDLINE 0038
STCHR 0030 X UN 0010 UNI 0028

0001

0000
0001

0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
000A
0008
000C
0000
000E
000F
0010
0011

0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
001A
0018
0010
0010
001E
001F
0020
0021

0022
0023
0024
0025
0026
0027
0028
0029
002A
0028
002C
0020
0028
002F
0030
0031

0032
0033

0800
EA47
0110
9A42
9A42
FA36

00AD.

F603
F201

FA32
9A30
9238
308A
8A3D
2088
8A36
1050
9A36
1051

8A34
8A31

9A30
F600
E22E
822E
00A0
0508
8220
F710
0800
EA2A
0110
9A25
9A25
FA19
00AD
F603
F201

FA15
9A20
9221

3088
8A20
3088
E219
B219
00AD
0508
8217
F714
9219
3007

DECRD

11

12

I3

HEXRD

H1

H2

H3

H4

NAM
ENT
STX
ZAR
STA
STA
JST
CAI
JMP
JMP
JST
STA
SUB
JAP
ADD
JAM
EMA
ALA
STA
ALA
A00
A00
STA
JMP
LDX
LDA
CAI
NXR
LDA
RTN
ENT
STX
ZAR
STA
STA
JST
CAI
JMP
JMP
JST
STA
SUB
JAP
ADD
JAP
LDX
LDA
CAI
NXR
LDA
RTN
SUB
JAP

DECRD:HEXRD

PTR

V

S
CHAR
2-0
11
5+2
CHAR

KBA

homo-a
c.2502

om¢:a;<<:—1m-d-<

DECRD

PTR

CHAR
2..
H1
5+2
CHAR

XR=BEGIN ADR IN BYTE
STORE IT

CLEAR VALUE
CLEAR SIGN
GET FIRST CHAR

SET SIGN IF MINUS
ELSE SAVE CHAR
GET A CHAR

SAVE CHAR

TEST IF DIGIT

NO

NO
YES: GET VALUE
TIMES 10

ADD DIGIT
NEU VALUE

GET VALUE
GET SIGN

NEGATE IF '-'

GET TERM CHAR
XR=VALUE: ARBTERM CHAR
XR=BEGIN ADR IN BYTE
STORE IT

CLEAR VALUE
SET SIGN
GET FIRST CHAR

SAVE SIGN

ELSE SAVE CHAR
GET A CHAR
SAVE CHAR

TEST IF HEX
MAYBE

YES

GET VALUE

GET SIGN

IF MINUS

NEGATE VALUE

GET TERM CHAR
XR=VALUE: AR=TERM CHAR
TEST IF HEX

NO:EXIT

ERRORS

0002

0034
0035
0036
0037
0038
0039
003A
0038

003C
0030
0038
003F
0040
0041

0042
0043
0044

0045
0046
0047
0048
0049
004A
0048
004C
0040

0003

CHAR
H2
I1
KBA

8A18
20C9
8A14
BAOE
1353
8AOC
9A08
F615

0800
EA07
E20A
0E00
B400
0F00
DA06
E201
F708

008A
000A
0000
0006

0030
0026
0004
004A
0047

H5

O****

a:

a:
XRSAVE
V

S

T

P TR
KBA
KA
K0
K6

ADD
JAM
ADD
EMA
LLA
ADD
STA
JMP

ENT
STX
LDX
SBM
LDAB
SUM
IMS
LDX
RTN

RES
RES
RES
RES
RES
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
END

110

DECRD
H3
I2
K0

K6

K3 NO:EXIT

KA

V YES: GET VALUE

4 TIMES 16

V ADD DIGIT

V SAVE VALUE

H2 GET NEXT CHAR

READS CHAR INTO AR

XRSAVE SAVE XR

PTR

O0 AR=CHAR SUM

PTR SET FOR NEW BYTE ADR

XRSAVE RESTORE XR

CHAR

1

1

1

I

1

28A

2A

20
0000 HEXRD 0010 H1
0020 H4 0032 HS
0009 I3 0017 KA
0040 K6 004D PTR
0048 V 0046 XRSAVE

0021
0037
0048
0049
0045

0001

0000
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009

000A
0008
0000

ERRORS

0002

IPL
RDLINE

0800
0680
F808
0000
F704
0800
0680
F802
0000
F704

000A
0005

LSTLN

RDLINE

IPL
OTL
LINE

X

NAM
ENT
LAP
JST
DATA
RTN
ENT
LAP
JST
DATA
RTN

REF
REF
RES
END

LINE

111

LSTLN:LINE:RDLINE
LIST LINE
880 TERM CHAR IS NULL
*OTL PRINT LINE
LINE
LSTLN
880 TERM CHAR NULL
*IPL READ A LINE
LINE
RDLINE
25
0000 X LSTLN 0000 OTL 0008

 

0001

0000
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
000A
0008
000C
0000
0008
000F
0010
0011
0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
001A
0018
0010
0010
001E
001F
0020
0021
0022
0023
0024
0025
0026
0027

0028
0029
002A

0028
002C
0020
002E
002F
0030
0031

0800
0110
9A74
C6FF
F859
0110
FA46
C639
FA44
C601
FA42
0110
FA40
FA3F
C604
FA30
0110
E348
1807
FA39
0110
1807
FA36
C606
FA34
0110
FA32
C614
FA30
8342
8A59
8841
983F
0008
B33F
3101
E338
EA3E
0108
8500
0063
1307
FA23
8500
0063
824E
FA20
0128
0114
F201
F609
0608

PUNCH

PNCH1

PNOH2

NAM
ENT
ZAR
STA
LAP
JST
ZAR
JST
LAP
JST
LAP
JST
ZAR
JST
JST
LAP
JST
ZAR
LDX
LLL
JST
ZAR
LLL
JST
LAP
JST
ZAR
JST
LAP
JST
LDA
A00
A00
STA
XRM
LDA
JAN
LDX
STX
ZXR
LDA

LRA
JST
LDA

AND
JST
IXR
0X1
JMP
JMP
LAP

PUNCH:PBUF

CKSUM

2FF
*OTT

PCH
239
PCH
201

PCH

PCH
PCH
204
PCH

*P
8
PCR

8

PCH
206
PCH

PCH
214
PCH
*P
1(214
*HBL
*P

*LINK

5+2
*P

PBUF+1

GPBUF

8
PCH

OPBUF

K2FF
PCH

20

PNCH2
PNCH1

208

PUNCHES SDB AS ONE RECORD
RESET CKSUM

RECOD MARKER

REC LNGTH FIRST BYTE ZERO
REC LNGTH SECOND BYTE 239
BEGIN PROG TYPE CODE :01

TWO NULLS

ORG TYPE CODE :04
AR=0

XR=P

AR=UPPER BYTE OF P
ORG FIRST BYTE
AR=0

ARBLOUER BYTE OF P
ORG SECOND BYTE

DATA TYPE CODE :06
AR=0
FIRST BYTE OF LNGTH ZERO

SECOND BYTE OF LNGTH 214
CORRECT P COUNTER
AR=P+214
AR=P+214+HBL

P COUNTER OK
XR=2FFFF TERM LINK
IF LINK=0 NORMAL:
JMP AR NOT ZERO
USE P FOR LINK
LINK Now SET

XR=0

IF LINK NOT

AR=UPPER BYT
PUNCH IT

AR=LOUER BYTE
PUNCH IT

DONE?
EQ: YES
NE: N0 CONTINUE

0002

0032
0033
0034
0035
0036
0037
0038
0039
003A
0038
0030
0030
0038
003F
0040
0041
0042
0043
0044
0045
0046
0047
0048
0049
004A
0048
004C

0040
004E
004F
0050
0051
0052
0053
0054
0055
0056

0057
0058
0059
005A
0058
0050
0050

005E
005F
0060

FA1A
0110
E320
1807
FA16
0110
1807
FA13
C600
FA11

0110
FAOF
C602
FAOD
C6FF
FA08
FAOA
0110
E232
1807
F817
0110
1807
F814
FAOC
F813
F740

0800
F80F
8A27
1100
3201
8A26
AA23
8225
BA21
F709

0800
0118
0128
0100
F704
F801
F604

PCH

SPR

SPR1

OTT
CRLF

JST
ZAR
LDX
LLL
JST
ZAR
LLL
JST
LAP
JST
ZAR
JST
LAP
JST
LAP
JST
JST
ZAR
LDX
LLL
JST
ZAR
LLL
JST
JST
JST
RTN

ENT
JST
EMA
RRA
JOR
ADD
XOR
AND
EMA
RTN

ENT
ZAX
IXR
CXI
RTN
JST
JMP

REF
REF
REF

PCH
*HBL

PCH

PCH
280
PCH

PCH
202
PCH
2FF
PCH
PCH

CKSUM

*OTT

*OTT
SPR
*CRLF
PUNCH

*OTT
CKSUM

5+2
K280
CKSUM
K2FF
CKSUM
PCH

13
SPR
*OTT
SPR1

113

RES TYPE CODE :08

AR=0

XR=HBL

ARBHBL UPPER BYTE
PUNCH IT

AR=0

ARBHBL LOUER BYTE
PUNCH IT

PUNCH FIRST BYTE OF CONSTANT
AR=0
PUNCH SECOND BYTE OF CONSTANT

END TYPE CODE :02

PUNCH IT

NO TRANSFER ADRESS
AR=0

AR=CKSUM UPPER BYTE
PUNCH IT

AR=0KSUM LOWER BYTE
PUNCH IT

PUNCH 12 NULL SPACER

PUT CARRIAGE BACK TO LEFT

PUNCHES AR AND FINDS CKSUM
PUNCH AR
FIND CKSUM

CKSUM FOUND

PUNCHES 12 NULL SPACER

FINISHED?

EQ: YES EXIT

NE: N0 PUNCH NULL
CONTINUE

0003

0061
0062

0063
0077
0078
0079
007A

ERRORS

0004

CKSUM
K214
PBUF
PUNCH

0000

0014
0080
00FF

0077
0078
0063
0000

114

HBL REF
LINK REF
*
*
PBUF RES
CKSUM RES
K214 DATA
K280 DATA
K2FF DATA
END
CRLF
K280
PCH
9

20:0

1

214

280

2FF
005F HBL
0079 LINK
0040 PNCH1
0060 SPR

0061
0062
0027
0057

K2FF
OTT
PNCH2
SPR1

007A
0058
0031
0059

0001

0000
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
000A
0008
000C
0000
0008
000F
0010
0011
0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
001A
0018
0010
0010
0018
001F
0020
0021
0022
0023
0024
0025
0026
0027
0028
0029
002A
0028
002C
0020
0028
002F
0030
0031
0032
0033

0800
FA37
8702
DE03
1350
9A70
9A70
FA40
DA6D
FA37
00AD
F206
FA61

DA68
FA58
DA66
DA64
F205
FA54
E262
C301

EA60
F600
FA29
0005
F203
FA53
FA48
F605
8259
C20A
080A
9A55
C605
FA44
FAlD
00AD
F205
FA47
DA4E
DA4D
FA30
F204
FA38
FA14
FA40
F606
FA11

FA30
E244
00A8
0E00

FLTFIL

LOOPl

NEGI

NXTCHR

FNDEXP

LOOP2

NEG2

RSTEXP

NAM
ENT
JST
LDA
IMS
LLA
STA
STA
JST
IMS
JST
CAI
JMP
JST
IMS
JST
IMS
IMS
JMP
JST
LDX
SXI
STX
JMP
JST
CAI
JMP
JST
JST
JMP
LDA
AXI
AAI
STA
LAP
JST
JST
CAI
JMP
JST
IMS
IMS
JST
JMP
JST
JST
JST
JMP
JST
JST
LDX
DXR
SBM

115

FLTFIL

INCHR

*FLTFIL

FLTFIL
1
BYTE
BYTE1
INIT
BYTE
CHAR
2-0
N801
VALID
BYTE
STORE
BYTE
PTR
NXTCHR
STORE
BYTE
1
BYTE
LOOPI
CHAR
IE!
FNDEXP
VALID
STORE
NXTCHR
BYTE1
10
10
BYTE
'E'
STORE
CHAR
2-0
NEG2
VALID
BYTE
BYTE
STORE
RSTEXP
STORE
CHAR
VALID
LOOP2
CHAR
VALID
BYTE

INITIALIZE CHAR

SET RETURN ADR
AR=ABUF IN BYTE

INITIALIZE ABUF
SKIP BLANK
AR=CHAR

E0: NEG NBR FOUND
NE: VALID DIGIT?
YES: SKIP SIGN
STORE CHAR

SKIP PERIOD

GET REST OF NBR

SET BYTE BACK 1
CONTINUE
AR=NEXT CHAR

E0: FIND EXP
NE:VALID DIGIT?
YES: STORE DIGIT

SET BYTE ADR FOR EXP
SET BYTE ADR FOR EXP

RESTORE 'E'

AR=CHAR

IN ABUF

EA: NEG EXP FOUND

NE: VALID DIGIT?

SKIP SIGN

SKIP FIRST DIGIT OF EXP
RIGHT JUSTIFY CHAR IN EXP
GET REST OF EXP

STORE '-'

GET EXP

VALID DIGIT?

AR=CHAR
VALID DIGIT?
YES

SET INDEX FOR 13TH CHAR

0002

0034
0035
0036
0037
0038
0039
003A
0038
0030
0030
0038
003F
0040
0041
0042
0043
0044
0045
0046
0047
0048
0049
004A
0048
004C
0040
0048
004F
0050
0051
0052
0053
0054
0055
0056
0057
0058
0059
005A
0058
0050
0050
0658
005F
0060
0061
0062
0063
0064
0065
0066
0067
0068

8000
00A8
9000
0F00
F738
0800
8239
1350
C404
EA37
8A36
9A35
F707
0800
E232
0E00
8400
0F00
DA2E
F706
0800
E220
C6A0
FA15
C6A8
FA13
C680
FA11

C6AE
FAOF
C680
FAOD
FAOC
FA08
FAOA
FA09
FA08
C605
FA06
C6AB
FA04
C680
FA02
FA01

F718
0800
0E00
9000
0F00
0128
F705
0800
E200

INCHR

CHAR

INIT

STR

STORE

EMAB
DXR
STAB
SUM
RTN
ENT
LDA
LLA
LXP
STX
ADD
STA
RTN
ENT
LDX
SBM
LDAB
SUM
IMS
RTN
ENT
LDX
LAP
JST
LAP
JST
LAP
JST
LAP
JST
LAP
JST
JST
JST
JST
JST
JST
LAP
JST
LAP
JST
LAP
JST
JST
RTN
ENT
SBM
STAB
SUM
IXR
RTN
ENT
LDX

O0

O0

FLTFIL

LINE
1

4
PTR
PTR
PTR

INCHR

PTR

.0

PTR
CHAR

BYTE1
O O

STR
0+.
STR
0g.
STR
0 O
STR
.0.
STR
STR
STR
STR
STR
STR
IE.
STR
0*.
STR
060
STR
STR
INIT

STR

BYTE

SUITCH EXP DIGITS

EXP NOU OK

AR=LINE IN BYTE

PTR=BEGIN BYTE ADR OF LINE

SET INDEX
AR=CHAR

SET FOR NEXT LOAD

SET INDEX

GGQQQQ

1"‘1

STORE CHAR

SET INDEX

SET INDEX

0003

0069
006A
0068
006C
0060
0068
006F
0070
0071
0072
0073

0074
0075
0076
0077
0078
0079

ERRORS

0004

ASCIIO
CHAR
INIT
NEGI
RSTEXP

0800
9000
0F00
DA09
F706
0800
D208
0208
F771
0000
F705

0089
0080

0079
0041
0048
0012
002F

SBM
STAB
SUM
IMS
RTN

VALID ENT
CMS
CMS
RTN
NOP
RTN

a:

:1:

LINE REF

PTR RES

BYTE RES

BYTE1 RES

ASCII9 DATA

ASCIIO DATA
END

ASCII9
X FLTFIL
LINE
NEG2
STORE

00

BYTE
STORE

ASCII9
ASCIIO
FLTFIL

VALID

0...—

'9'
'6.

0078
0000
0074
0028
0067

117

STORE CHAR
0oLToDIGIToGT-9
NO
YES
BYTE 0076
FNDEXP 0010
LOOP! 0009
NXTCHR 0017
STR 0061

BYTE1
INCHR
LOOP2
PTR

VALID

0077
0039
0028
0075
006E

 

I
I
I
I
I
I
I