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t A -

 

 

 

THESIS

m.

I .. .. r
.. n$ ”30 .r

.- ”Rafi“;

 

ASCORBIC ACID ELIMINATION BY COLLEGE WOMEN

by
Theodora Lotta geek

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of
Michigan.state College of Agriculture
and

Applied Science
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Master of Science

Department of Foods and Nutrition
Division of Home Economics

1937

1145*:5:

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author wishes to express her
sincere appreciation to Dr. Marie Dye
and.Miss Flora Banning for their
guidance and advice in the attainment
of this problem; and to thank the
college women who 000perated so
willingly for obtaining the experimental

data used in the problem.

’5. 332.1318

 

 

 

’11 In .1 a: 23. . ifsl |liil . fl. Hills .5. 4. ghnuluou. . w .. “if #3,“. «in: is (1 J
c D 1 4 . . Iv . .. . 0 .. . . hi.):b.ir Inn‘.

Table of contents

P389
IntIOdu-ction. O O O O O 0 O O O O O O O O O O 1
Li‘oratuIOe O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 2

Method....................... 17
Results and discussion....... 21
Conclusions.................. 57
Bibliography

appendix

ASCORBIC ACID ELIMINATION
BY COLLEG WOMEN

Introduction

 

Vitamin C has long been known to be essential fer
human nutrition and has been identified as l-ascorbic
acid. Recently much work has been done to develop
methods of determining the state of vitamin C nutrition
of an individual and to apply those methods in clinical
studies. Scattered results have been obtained indicating
the normal excretion of ascorbic acid and the relation of
this to the state of vitamin 0 nutrition. However, these
normal values have been obtained on only comparatively
few persons and under few variations of conditions so
that adequate information is not as yet available to set
up absolute standards. Further studies must be made in
order that there can be general clinical application of
the knowledge. College women, representing age and in-
come levels which have been little observed, form a de-
sirable group for study because of the general uniformity
of their living conditions and age. The present study of
the urinary excretion of vitamin C by college women was
planned to compare the values obtained for them with
those obtained for other persons and to indicate factors

which might influence the results.

Literature

 

Recent developments in the chemical tests for

vitamin C date from.its identification as l-ascorbic

acid by Waugh.and King (48) and by Svirbley and Szent-

Gyorgyi (58).

Further work confirmed the identity of

the vitamin as a.derivative of a six-carbon sugar which

is easily oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid which is also

biologically active.

been accepted:

0 ==c
I
HO — 0 (H202)
N 0 -23
HO —-C z:::::?
| +2H
H --0 (figs)
| ~
BC -c-H
I
c
3203

1-ascorbic acid
(vitamin C)

Chemical tests for it were soon deveIOped.

The following configurations have

0 ==c
I
o = c
I o
o ==c
I
3"?
H0-f-H
c H on
2

dehydroascorbic acid
(reversibly oxidized form)

Tillmans and

his associates (41) (42) (43) pointed out the close cor-

relation between vitamin C biological assays on guinea

pigs and the titration values with dichlorophenolindophenol,

and developed a test involving quantitative reduction of

this dye.

Other methods of identification, all involving

oxidation-reduction reactions, have been developed and are

used with varying degrees of accuracy.

Bezssonoff (36)

3 2 5
apparently it is less specific for ascorbic acid than

has used M00 P O (NO ) (H O ) as a reagent although
5 17 2 2 4

the indophenol dyes. Tauber and Kleiner (39) use a
ferricyanide titration method. The test used by Martini
and Bonsignore (32) applies the reduction of methylene
blue. Medes (33) advocates phospho-lB-tungstic acid.
Oxidation of iodine has been used by some workers although
it reacts with many other reducing substances. Error is
introduced into all of these methods because of the non-
specificity of the testing reagent but the methods have
been modified to decrease the error. Tauber and Kleiner
(40) have prepared an enzyme from hubbard squash known
as ascorbic oxidase, which is specific for ascorbic acid
and they have develOped a quantitative method for using
it.

All of these methods are based upon an oxidation-
reduction reaction and the most commonly used reagent is
2-6 dichlorOphenolindOphenol. This dye is blue in neutral
or alkaline solution, red in acid solution, and the
leucobase to Which it is reduced by ascorbic acid is
colorless. Therefore, when added to an acid medium
containing ascorbic acid the solution will remain color-
less until the ascorbic acid is used up. It will then

turn red because of the excess dye in the acid medium.

The reaction is shown by the following equation:

O=C'3——1

Cl
HO-C
H O
' \
H-C-‘
Cl

 

 

HO-C-H
I
C HZOH
I
l-ascorbic acid 2-6 dichlorOphenolindOphenol
O==C'-1
O=C Cl
I o H
0:0 \
I HO N CH
H-—C-—- ‘
I C ’
HO-C—H .
l
C HZOH
dehydroascorbic acid Leucobase of 2-6 dichlorophenol-

indophenol

The titration of ascorbic acid with 2-6 dichloro-
phenolindophenol as developed by Tillmans and his co-
workers (41) (45) has been further modified by others to
make it practical for routine use and to make it more
specific for ascorbic acid. Birch, Harris, and Ray (9)
were among the first to recognize the importance of
maintaining an acid medium while titrating. Acidity aids
in restricting the reaction with the dye of other sub-
stances such as glutathione and phenolic compounds.

Ahmed (5) and Emmerie and Van Eekelen (14) found that

trichloroacetic acid which had often been used does not

stablize the ascorbic acid well and in itself reduces
the indicator more than acetic acid. In many substances
ascorbic acid is found as dehydroascorbic acid or is
changed into that form when prepared for determination.
For testing these substances a method of reforming

ascorbic acid by treatment with H S has been develOped by

2

Tillmans and coworkers (42). This fact was substantiated

by Johnson (26) and further develOped by Emmerie and Van

Eekelen (14). The disadvantage of this method is that

it is rigorous, undoubtedly producing other chemical

changes, and requires a long period of treatment.

Mercuric acetate may be used to precipitate interfering

substances such as cysteine, ergothionine, and thio-

sulphate, in a method developed by Van Eekelen and

Emmerie and coworkers (15) (44) (46) (47). Mercuric

acetate treatment must be followed by HES as it reversibly

oxidizes ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid (14) (46).
Using dichlorophenolindophenol dye to determine

ascorbic acid, experimenters have deve10ped further modi-

fications which may be applied in studying urinary excretion

of ascorbic acid and the possible physiological significance

of this excretion. Harris, hay, and Ward (20) reported

that the urine must be titrated immediately or within a

short while after voiding to avoid destruction of the

vitamin upon standing. If immediate titration is impossible

preservation methods have been developed. The addition of

10% acetic acid is advocated by Harris and Ray (19);
Bullowa, Rothstein, Ratisch, and Harde (11); Hawley,
Stephens, and Anderson (23); O'Hara and Hauck (35); and
Hess: and Benjamin (25). Johnson and Zilva (27) and
Everson and Daniels (15) used sulphuric acid and toluene
as preservatives. The effectiveness of preservation is
still debatable, since Burckhardt and Weister (12) re-
ported 27 to 30 percent loss in four hours when the
samples were prepared according to Harris's method. Harris
himself (3) (19) does not advocate allowing the sample to
stand for more than 12 hours. Preservation in dark bottles
and at cold temperatures does much to prevent oxidation
(3) (11) (44). Hawley and coworkers (22), collecting
complete 24 hour specimens, reported less than 5% loss
when.the urine was stored with the addition of acetic acid
and in dark brown bottles in an icebox. Musulin and King
(34) reported that 2% metaphosphoric acid in addition to
the acetic acid exerts a protective effect against
atmospheric oxidation, even in the presence of copper.
Kellie and Zilva (28) advocate the use of water redistill-
ed from glass, since the presence of any metals during
the procedure tends to catalyze the oxidation of ascorbic
acid.

Van Eekelen, Emmerie, Josephy, and Wolff (46)
stated that the ascorbic acid in urine is present only

in the reduced form so that we may assume that treatment

with 323 is not necessary unless the sample has stood

or has been treated with mercuric acetate. Since
interfering substances, namely cysteine, glutathione,
ergothionine, and thiosulphate are present in urine,
precautions must be taken either by removing them or by
inhibiting their reaction with the dye. Van Eekelen (45)
removed them with mercuric acetate. Abbasy, Harris, Ray,
and Marrack (3) found that this nonspecific reduction
titre is not ordinarily more than 3 to 6 mgm. daily out
of a total of 20 mgm. reducing substance expressed as
ascorbic acid. Most workers considered that this value
would not vary considerably from day to day and therefore
disregarded it. Everson and Daniels (15), working with
children, reported that from their preliminary experi-
ments approximately 3 mgm. ascorbic acid could be
accounted for by these interfering substances. As
mentioned above, titration in an acid solution will
restrict the reaction of glutathione, which reduces the
indicator in neutral solutions. Harris, Ray, and cowork-
ers (3) (19) stated that these interfering substances are
slower of reaction with ascorbic acid and do not interfere
greatly if the titration is performed within 2 minutes.
Emmerie (l3) and Kohman (30) titrated to a pink coloration
which persisted for 30 seconds, as a further means of
standardizing the titration technique.

As chemical methods for determining the presence of

~8-

ascorbic acid have developed, many studies have been
carried on with human beings. Urinary studies have been
conducted in an attempt to learn about human metabolism
and requirements of vitamin C. Van Eekelen (45), O'Hara
and Hauck (35), and Johnson and Zilva (27) all have
established the fact that ascorbic acid continues to be
excreted even when the subject is on a vitamin C free
diet, although both Van Eekelen (45) and O'Hara and
Hauck (35) report that as the vitamin C free diet is
continued the excretion gradually decreases. Values as
low as 7 mgm. daily have been reported by Van Eekelen
(45). This probably would indicate an endogenous source
of the acid. Moreover, with the addition of vitamin C
to the diet excretion continues at a low level, with
possibly a slight increase, until suddenly a point is
reached at which the tissues apparently become saturated
and greatly increased excretion occurs. Johnson and
Zilva (27) reported a study of one person, eating a
winter diet in England, who reached this saturation
point after ingesting 1485 mgm. ascorbic acid. O'Hara
and Hauck (35) noted that after 29 to 30 days on a diet
with 5 mgm. ascorbic acid daily, the ingestion of 2200
to 2800 mgm. taken over a period of 15 to 17 days produced
this change. This point was characterized by a sudden
excretion of 53 to 72% of the 200 mgm. intake administer-

ed on that day. They found that 1710 to 2181 mgm. had

not been accounted fer in the urine and so must have been
retained. Saturation studies of a similar nature have
been reported by Archer and Graham (7); Johnson and Zilva
(27); van Eekelen (45); Hess and Benjamin (25); Harris
and coworkers (19) (20 ; and Hawley and coworkers (22)
(23). It was also found that When no further ascorbic
acid was fed the excretion level dropped back to ap-
proximately the original level and rose again immediately
with the ingestion of an increased dose of ascorbic acid.
The amount of ascorbic acid needed to reach saturation
seems to vary with the previous diet of the subject.
These results all point to the probability of a storage
of vitamin C by the tissues until they become saturated
and an excretion of a large amount of the excess when this
point is reached and indicate that a true picture of the
state of saturation of a person could not be obtained by
studying only urinary excretion results.

To apply a saturation method to clinical studies,
Archer and Graham (7) advocate, as a test for vitamin C
subnutrition, observation of the amount of ascorbic acid
which must be administered in order to obtain a 75 percent
output; Abbasy, Harris, and Hill (2) and Abbasy and Harris
(1) and Abbasy, Hill, and Harris (4) in their studies on
the effect of infection on vitamin C nutrition determined
the state of saturation by finding the number of days of

feeding a test dose before a definite, positive response

-10-

was observed. Ahmed (6), Hawley and coworkers (23) and
Johnson and Zilva (27) all report that at saturation
rapid excretion begins within 2 hours and continues for
3 to 7 hours after administration of the precipitating
dose, and is followed by a slow return to normal at the
end of 24 to 40 hours. Moreover, When a subject is de-
pleted of vitamin C only a very slight response is
observed in the few hours following a test dose of 100 to
200 mgm., irrespective of the method of administration.
The various investigators do not agree on
excretion values which might be considered normal. This
may possibly be due to variations in the nutritional state
of the so-called "normal" persons being observed. Abbasy,
Harris, Ray, and coworkers (1) (2) (4) (19) considered
13 mgm. excretion daily per 10 stone weight a minimum
standard and obtained, in these studies, 20 to 40 mgm.
per 10 stone weight for their normal contr01S. Che
minimum standard was determined as the level of ascorbic
acid excretion assumed when 25 mgm., which they assumed
to be the minimum adequate intake, was fed daily. This
level was characterized by a good response to a test dose
of 700 mgm. ascorbic acid on the first or second day of
administration. Johnson and Zilva (27) reported normal
values for subjects on a normal diet to be 10 to 15 mgm.
daily for one subject but 80 to 150 mgm. daily for one

Subject who had been on a diet rather high in fruits and

-11-

vegetables. Hawley, Stephens, and Anderson (23) report-
ed the excretion on a normal diet to be 15 to 28 man.
daily; Ahmed (6) 23 to 35 man.; Van Eekelen (45) 9 to
27 mgm.. O'Hara and Hauck (35) found that normal adult
women on their usual diet had an.average urinary
excretion of 65 to 77 mgm. daily and that the excretion
dropped to 6 to 14 mgm. after a 29 to 30 day period on
a basal diet containing only 5 mgm. ascorbic acid. Harris
and Ray (19) reported the average concentration of ascorbic
acid in the urine, for adults, to be 0.02 to 0.03 mgm. per
m1. but emphasized that the total daily output is more
important than the concentration. Johnson and Zilva (27)
found that diuresis did not affect the total excretion of
ascorbic acid.

A variety of factors have been reported to affect
the normal excretion values. Hawley, Frazen, Button, and
Stephens (22) found, by using a constant diet varied only

by the addition of H3 Cl oz‘NaHCOS, that the excretion

4
of ascorbic acid was lower when the urine was alkaline.
They attributed this result either to greater storage and
utilization of the acid or to its destruction in the
urinary tract. Recently, working with guinea pigs,
Hawley, Daggs, and Stephens (21) found an increased
concentration of ascorbic acid in the adrenals and in the

liver on a very alkaline diet. This might explain the

decreased urinary output as being due to storage in the

-12-

tissues.

Bullowa, Rothstein, Ratisch, and Harde (ll)
found low excretions for pneumonia patients and observed
that abnormally long periods were required to obtain
indications of saturation after administering test doses.
Abbasy, Harris, and Hill (2) reported excretions of only
9 to 15 mgm. daily by subjects with active osteomyelitis,
as compared with 20 to 40 mgm. for normal controls. They
found that the degree of subnormality of the vitamin C
titre was roughly parallel to the severity of the infection.
These cases did not respond well to a test dose of 700 mgm.
ascorbic acid, even on the third or fourth day of ad-
ministration, while the normal controls and healed cases
of osteomyelitis responded on the first day. Abbasy and
Harris (1) found that active cases of tuberculosis excreted
5 to 13 mgm. with an average of 7.6 mgm. and responded
poorly to test doses. Similar results (1) (4) were
obtained with both adult and juvenile rheumatism. There-
fore, apparently low excretion may be caused by an
infective condition which increases the body needs and
depletes the tissue stores.

Ahmed (6) first reported, and it has been
substantiated by Heinemann (24), that there was an
increased reducing capacity of the urine when a diet rich
in protein was fed. Heinemann showed in his experiments

that this increased reducing capacity was due to the

-15-

presence of increased thiosulphate.

Certainly, as so many of these studies have
indicated, the previous diet does influence the excretion
values obtained for any one day. A person who has been
on a diet liberal with vitamin C, which should mean a
gradual approach to the saturation point, might be expected
to excrete a large share of a test dose, whereas a person
primarily on a meager diet would give more constant and
lower level of excretion and would show little reflection
of his intake. Abbasy, Harris, Ray, and Marrack (3) report
that healthy adults, with a habitual level of 33 mgm.
excretion, When given.600 mgm. ascorbic acid, excreted
l6l mgm. or 2775 of the dose; those with a habitual level
of 14 mgm. excreted 35 mgm. or 6% of the dose; those with
a habitual level of e mgm. excreted only 17 mgm. or 3% of
the dose. They reported (4) that children.with subnormal
”resting levels" give correSpondingly diminished responses
.to test doses. Yavorsky, Almaden, and King (49), in
analyzing human tissue for ascorbic acid, reported an
apparent correlation between the diet and the tissue
content. Seasonal variations in vitamin excretion has been
explained on the basis of diet differences, as Harris and
Ray (19) and Johnson and Zilva (27) both report higher
values on the same subjects in summer than in winter.

Lower excretions have been observed for both

-14-

adults and children among the poorer classes of society
subsisting at lower economic levels. Harris, Abbasy,
Yudkin, and Kelly (18) reported an average daily excretion
of 10 mgm. daily by adults subsisting on a low economic
level as compared with a minimum standard of 13 mgm. When
11 adult subjects whose home diet was not rich in fruit or
vegetables were given daily supplements of 40 mgm. ascorbic
acid as orange juice the excretion at equilibrium, after

35 days, was 25 to 29 mgm. In this economic factor, we can
see the background of the influence of diet on the degree
of saturation and the excretion.

Age seems to be a factor influencing the excretion
of ascorbic acid. Harris and Ray (19) found the normal
output for a young child to be 1 to 2 mgm. daily, per stone
weight, as compared with 15 to 30 mgm. per 10 stone for an
adult. They stated that the requirement per unit weight,
as indicated by the retention and by the larger doses
needed to produce saturation, were higher than that for
adults, presuming young organism to have a greater call
on nutritive material for growth. Hess and Benjamin (25)
considered the excretion of ascorbic acid by the children
tested to be so small as to be negligible, regardless of
whether the childreriwere fed a diet in which the vitamin
was strongly excluded or one in which the vitamin was
present in adequate amounts. They obtained appreciable

excretion only after 4 days of feeding 1 pint of orange

-15..

Juice daily. 0n the other hand, Everson and Daniels (15),
working with 3 normal boys 39 to 59 months of age reported
10.6 mgt. excretion as their lowest value. Since they
obtained their highest retention with the youngest child
they concluded that possibly young tissues need more
vitamin C than mature tissues. Yavorsky, Almaden, and
King (49) reported that the ascorbic acid content of all
tissues for persons under 10 years of age was higher than
for those over 10 years of age.

The requirements for vitamin C still have not
been satisfactorily defined. King (29) states that the
minimum for adults is 40 mgm. daily and for infants 25 mgn.,
Van Eekelen (45) states that it varies with the degree of
saturation of the subject and advocates 60 mgm. daily fer
a 70 kg. person, basing this figure on the requirements
to obtain saturation. Using similar methods, Heinemann
(24) found 34 mgm. daily to be required. Harris and Ray
(20) reported 25 mgm. ascorbic acid fer an.adult of 10
stone weight as the minimum adequate dose.

Gothlin (17), on the basis of capillary resistance
tests stated that the smallest daily dose of ascorbic acid
which, given orally, protects a person weighing 60 kg.
against the slightest objectively ascertainable pre-
soorbutic alterations, those in the capillaries, is 19 to
27 mgm. However, the reliability of the capillary

resistance test has been questioned by O'Hara and Hauck

-16..

(35); Hawley, Stephens, and Anderson (23) and by Van
Eekelsn (45). Each of these workers found that, in their
saturation studies, the capillary resistance tests did
not give results correSponding to the state of saturation
of the subject.

In none of the literature reports have large
numbers of college students been the subjects for study
of ascorbic acid excretion. This thesis problem, therefore,

was planned to deal with that group.

'- A 'f'P-tl' l’"t\"v.' (Ex-

 

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2‘19 freshzm 1

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due .

- 17-

Method

In setting up this study, two groups of home
economics students were chosen, 20 freshmen and 18 seniors.
The freshmen lived at one dormitory on the campus and there-
fore under fairly uniform living conditions. A similar
group of seniors was not available. They were foods and
nutrition or vocational majors who lived under a variety of
conditions. Of these seniors, eight lived in sorority
houses, fbur in apartnents which permitted them to do their
own cooking; three ate their meals in restaurants, two at
home, and one at a boarding house. Eight of these senior
women lived in the home management practice house for one
or two days of the study. Information concerning age,
height, weight, diet, and number of colds during the preced-
ing winter was noted for each individual. The women selected
all appeared to be in good health.

The collections of urine samples were all made within
a period of seven weeks between May first and June
twentieth so that seasonal variation should not influence
the values obtained. Samples were not collected on days
when.the subject had a cold or minor infection or during
nmnstruation. To prevent any one variable factor from
affecting results too greatly the test days were chosen
once a week for three weeks rather than for three successive

days. Complete 24 hour specimens of urine were collected

C"

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-13-

from each subject for three individual days. In several
instances, for personal reasons, this time interval was
extended or decreased so that more or less than a week
elapsed between collection periods. A record was kept

of the time interval between voiding and titration in
order to determine whether the difference in time affected
the values obtained. No atteapt was made to preserve the
urine.

The students kept a qualitative record of their food
intake fer'each day on which they were tested. The diet
for this day was then evaluated roughly,. using the tables
for vitamin C in foods compiled by Sherman (57). For
instance, he indicated orange Juice as being 3 + value and
potatoes 2 + . One serving of orange juice was then rated
3, a large glassful as 5; one serving of potatoes was rated
as 2, hash as 1. In only a very few instances does he
distinguish in his rating between cooked and raw feeds.
Other errors as well were presented in this method of
scoring the diets but since they were consistently applied
to both groups probably comparable values of vitamin C
intakes were obtained.

The urine, after collection, was titrated as soon as
possible. The dye, Eastman organic chemicals 93463,
sodium 2-6 dichlorobenzenoneindOphenol, had previously

been purified by treatment with ether in a soxhlett

J
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-19-

extraction apparatus until practically no color was
extracted. 0.1 gm. dye was dissolved in several suc-
cessive portions of boiling water and filtered, a total
of 200 ml. water being used. It was then cooled, stored
in a brown bottle, and used over a period of no more
than three days, usually made up fresh daily. The dye
was standardized by titrating it against samples of
lemon juice whose ascorbic acid content had been de-
termined by an iodine titration. Lemon juice has been
shown to contain ascorbic acid as the only reducing
substance so that the iodine value gives a true measure
of’the ascorbic acid (8). In the dye titration the same
endpoint was used for the lemon as was used for the
urine. Since, according to the League of Eations vitamin
standards (31) 11.4 ml. N/lOO iodine is equivalent to
10.0 mgm. ascorbic acid, the ascorbic acid equivalent of
the dye could be determined. For instance, 2 ml. lemon
Juice required in titration 3.25 ml. dye and 0.90 ml.
N/lOO iodine. Therefore, 0.90 x 10 equals the number

11.4
of mgm. ascorbic acid in 2 ml. lemon juice. This value

 

divided by 3.25 equals the ascorbic acid equivalent of
1 ml. dye. The dye was standardized daily, using a red
coloration lasting 30 seconds as the endpoint in each
titration.

The urine to be tested, 20 ml. accurately pipetted,

 

enmerhei.
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was placed in a 125 m1. erlenmeyer flask with 30 ml.
water and 20 m1. acid solution which contained 2%
metaphosphoric and 8% acetic acid. If the quantity of
urine available was too small for this size sample or if
preliminary titration indicated that the 20 m1. sample
would require too much dye, less urine was used and the
acid was decreased accordingly. An artificial light with
a blue bulb afforded a light of constant intensity day or
night. Titrations were made in triplicate by adding the
dye to the acid urine sample.

Tests were run to determine the probable extent
of the error resulting from the time interval between
voiding and titration. It was found that approximately
5% loss occurred after the sample stood in the laboratory
in a beaker for 20 minutes; 12% in 40 minutes; and 24% in
60 minutes. This loss was reduced by the addition of a
2% metaphosphoric and 8% acetic acid solution.immediately
after voiding. Only 15% loss was noted in the acidified

samples which stood for one hour.

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-21-

Results and Discussion

 

In the appendix are the protocols for each of the
women on whichmare summarized the data obtained, includ-
ing class; living arrangement; age; height; weight;
percent variation from ideal weight; number of colds she
had during the preceding winter; daily menus with vitamin
scores; and summary of urinary results which includes the
total volume for the day, the total mgm. ascorbic acid
excreted, the average mgm. ascorbic acid per ml. urine,
and the average minutes before titrating. Included also
in the appendix are sample direction sheets and diet
record and data sheets.

The excretion of ascorbic acid for the freshmen
women on each of the three days is graphically presented
in Chart 1. There seems to be relatively little
variation for any individual from day to day, CF being
the only one with a large variation while several were
very consistent for the three days. The red line
represents the minimum standard value of 13 mgm. as set
up by Harris and Ray (19). Fourteen of the sixty
individual values for these students fall below this
line; twelve were more than 20 mgm. per day. The remain-
ing thirty-four were within the level of 13 to 20 mgm.
0n the whole this group presents a picture of rather
uniform and low ascorbic acid excretion.

Chart 2 is a graphic representation of the daily

u
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10 mgm.
ascorbic acid

I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Ascorbic Acid for 5 days

by 18 Senior Women

 

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Chart 3
A Comparison of the Mean

Excretion of Ascorbic

Acid

by each Woman in each Group

 

 

ascorbic acid

5 mgm.

T

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Seniors

Freshmen

u.IV \“I[I.E

 

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~19 Men of the

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-25...

excretions of the senior women. In general, much greater
variation is observable between the values for individual
days for any one student than were noted for the freshmen.
Higher maximum values were shown, such as those obtained
by RS and GS. These extraordinarily high values seem to
be observed only in those students whose minimum excretion
is greater than 20 mgm. Only two of the results for
individual days fall below the minimum standard of 13 mgm.
as compared with fourteen for the freshmen. On the whole,
the figures for the seniors are higher than those for the
freshmen, more than half of them being above 20 mgm.

Chart 3 presents a picture of the mean values
obtained from averaging the three day results for each of
the women of the freshman and the senior groups. Interest-
ingly, nine freshmen average less than the lowest senior
and five seniors average more than the highest freshman.

The data for the freshmen women are summarized
on Table 1. ‘ The figure for each subject represents an
average of the determinations made for three test days.

The average volume, 9'72 m1. is slightly below the normal
figure as given by Bodansky (10) who considers 1200 to
1500 ml., with still greater individual variations, to
be a normal volume for adults. The average daily
excretion of ascorbic acid 17.2 mg. is well above the
minimum standard of 13 mg. but is below 20 mgm. which

was obtained by Harris and Ray and coworkers (2) (19)

~-

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Ii}... ‘ndifll.

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"’04

Summary of Data of Ascorbic Acid in the Urine

5-

Table l

of Freehman Women with Corresponding

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diet Scores
~eight. Average Average Average Daily Range of Ascorbic Extent of Average mgm. Average mgm. Average
of Time Urine Excretion Acid Excretion Range ascorbic acid ascorbic acid Vitamin C
mflfieet Subfeet Before Volume Ascerbic Acid per m1. urine per kg. diet
. Titrating _ body weight score
LL: e :11]. 1'1 9 LET a 23:1ng 0 him a mgm 0 ‘—
AF [in :2)? 856 L10684 87:91.2 "" 140576 50464 000140 077254 505
BF 59 55 949 24.545 22.172 a 29.360 7.187 0.0270 0.418 10.2
_ ,. diet average
SF ,7 55 769 55,529 157738 a 51.435 35.698 0.0487 0.755 13.3 2 days
is 7 42 755 15.272. 14.575 .. 17.7277 5.155 0.0218 0.275' 9.5
3p :7 as 945 15.54“ 14.510 - 16.923 2.413 0.0173 0.274 10.3
FF 6.: 61 1278 14:416 11‘ 4'1 - 15.853 40089 000123 09237 1002
nF <5 5% 904 14.623 13.143 ~ 15.516 2.374 0.0162 0.225 11.7
HF “53.5 35 817 80995 8&568 "5 $072 09404 000109 00196 608
up 59 48 600 1505;}? 11.617 37 1".74: 10.125 0.0515 0.264 8.8
JF Ry? 71 108'? 15.16; 12.078 .. 19.575 £6497 000142 00267 1305
XF 49 324 26.556 18.477 a 36.383 17.907 0.0437 0.542 9.8
LF 7% 51 919 14.658 12 (.025 'fi 17.778 50753 000159 03209 605 —
RIF 59 55 6.02 13.436 9.685 .1 15‘865 60178 000221 00228 1005
‘NF 44 851 14.519 12.128 "‘ 16°950w__-~______ 48822 000170 00325 695
iv 1‘. 4 15.207 _ 16.964 1.757 0.0179 0.269 11.2
l_ui 59 55 _889 5 8 7 ~—' *7 diet average
EB 57 1280 16.924 15‘829 _ 18.552 23703 000140 00299 1003 2 days
- a . , a - 23.707 11.882 0.0186 0.294 10.2
“3.33; 64 47 986 18.645 1.1 865
. , - 23.507 13.70 0.0116 0.289 .
ng 57 ”m 1424 335.505 _ 9 803 4 9 8 ,
_ SF 47 50 875 14.598 12.394 - 16.958 4.565 0.0172 0.313 10.7
TE 51 55 1841 21.626 19.779 — 23:58? _e.08l 0.0118 0.422 11.8
Mean 56 48 972 17.249 13.515 - 26.103 7.587 0.0202 0.317 9.8

 

 

kWHflges are for the three tests on one individual in all cas

GS.

 

 

 

 

-27..

 

Table 11

Summer; of Leta 0f Aseerbie A0 id
of SeLior Wemen W:th $3r.e.e

77%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.0:‘ge Axervee average Qei1y Large 0f aPGOIb18 the at of Average mgm. Average Average
Height Time Irina BY”T etion 531$ Lxcretion Range ascorbic acid mgm. ascorbic Vitamin C
of jefnre vwlumw '40*rb7. nfiifi per m1. urine acid per kg. diet scare
L005-7t .ubgest Titratirg ., f .1: baay weight __
Kg. MiL. m1. mgm. .wme. mgm.
A5 57 73 903 25.439 18.017 a 37.155 .9.139 0.0312 0.450 1? 3 _‘
7L) "" :2". “1’2? 9:; “‘1‘. 39.75;." °‘ 2169968 70210 0.0??? K,95-!6 708

 

ma—.“ .‘JMWM M

 

1
t

 

 

dief'average
5 2 days

‘ I
" 71
‘3'}

.1)
P33

_3 El 31 44.2192" ' .Jwe‘q'lg u 6635598 33‘955“ 0.076].

C)
o

q
(‘3
()3
0‘)
o

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

__ .e a 42 7:57 2~.3‘1 -0.4=7 - 34.720 10.514 _930251 0.402 9~7--
E; '3? “4 3:3; ge@f”§ 77.770 . 22.040 5.462 0.0167 0.299 8.0
70 .7 7: 1333 grave? ___ 2117‘? a 55.035 51.905 0 0351 0.678 9.2 E
_.__. -
__ a; 5. 7:7; ‘7.513 LC.T“Z - :7.?fi5 5.003 0.0338 0.894 8.3
___h0 75 e: 570 77.745 11.770 a 22.587 11.529 0 .0295 0.245 10.7
___15 03 ”7;"W 1574 07.717 21.032 - 07.608 45.577 0.0535 0.599 10.5

 

 

C x]
'13
'51
'1
\D
Q
TO
’3' 7
J
‘3
“\
”‘3
‘0

.2.- 7 - 2-. - 94 M5 7. o. 1640 0.515 10.5
7‘, ~ - - __._._

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

___io 72 -. “£70 21.077 _fl 21.940 ~ 28.708 - 6.059 0.0102 0.421 9.8
L. 77 856 £1. 1: _* 15~~59 - 37.722 21.663 0.0357 0.455 9.7
.0 ea 29 055 17.57. 74.00; ~ 25.096 10.812 0.0252 0.407 8.8

 

 

 

 

NS 54 31 747 28.178 19.498 — 37.318 18.821 0.0385 0.526 9.0

 

05 04 5: 1111 28.102 20.751 - 28.985 2.024 0.0268 0.436 10.0

__~:§ 53 33 1076 17.40 15.399 - 19.166 5.757 0.0165 0.529 15.7

 

0')
U
-1

()3

CD

1’73
:r‘.
’3

15.404 8°371 7 21.995 15.622 0.0263 0.212 11.8

 

 

 

 

 

as 67 «e 970 74.120 33.918 -105.120 Afl_ 71.205 0.0775 1.507 12.3
.ea. 47 45 170 29.922 19.8773— 45.5079 22.450 0.0517 0.507 9.8

 

 

 

Averagee are for the thJKNB'teStS OH

   

 

for their normal controls. As observed on Chart 1, the
extent of the range for any one person is relatively
anall, averaging 7.6 mgm. The average mgm. ascorbic
acid per ml. urine is 0.02, within the usual limits set
up by Harris and Ray (19) but some of the individual
values are very low. The diets range, in scoring, from
5.5 to 13.3 units, averaging 9.8. Moreover, there seems
to be no correlation between the diets recorded and the
ascorbic acid excretion. The time which elapsed before
titration, averaging 47.9 minutes is slightly higher than
would be desirable. This table of the individual average
records gives the same picture as that of Chart 1, namely
rather uniform but low vitamin C excretion, not correlat-
ed with the diet scores.

The data for the senior women are summarized in
Table 2. Here we find an average volume of 1102 ml. which
is more nearly within the normal range. The average daily
excretion of ascorbic acid, 29.9 mgm. is well above both
the minimum standard and the average normal level of 13 mgm.
and 20 mgm. respectively. Hone of the women averaged less
than 13 mgm. and only four of them less than 20 mgm. which
would designate thcm.as being within the normal limits.
The extent of the range, average 22.4 mgm.,is much higher
than 7.6 mgm. observed for the freshmen. In two instances,
GS and RS, the extent was over 70 mgm. and in six cases

it was over 20 mgm. Although no criteria have been set

-29-

up according to the extent of the range, it is not un-
likely that those persons reflecting such large variations
would be considered to be in a good state of saturation
with high excretions from an exogenous source. No
correlation, for the seniors, could be observed between
the diet and the excretion values obtained, nor between
the diet and the extent of the range. This might have
been due to a carry-over excretion in the urine from the
previous day's diet, or it might have been due to other
conditions such as the state of health. The mgm. ascorbic
acid per ml. urine, average 0.03 mgm.,is at the upper
limits of the normal 0.02 to 0.03 recorded by Harris and
Ray (19). Since figures as high as 0.07 mgm. per ml. are
recorded in this study this normal value is exceeded
considerably. These high figures were associated with
the women excreting the largest total amount of ascorbic
acid, correspondingly high volumes did not seem to
accompany low average values per ml. The average time
before titrating, 46 minutes, is only 2 minutes less than
that for the freshman women. The average diet score of
9.8 units is the same as that of the freshmen and covers
approximately the same range,6.5 to 13.7 units. The
average excretion of 0.51 mgm. ascorbic acid per kg.

body weight is considerably more than the 0.52 reported
for the freshmen.

iMuch of this data, for freshmen and seniors, is

 

-50-

grouped side by side in Table 3 to aid in making comparison
easier. The most outstanding feature, as shown by these
results, is the marked difference in the average mgm.
ascorbic acid excreted daily by the freshmen and by the
seniors. The freshmen averaged 17.2 mgm. while the seniors
average 29.9 mgn.

Various factors were examined in an effort to see how
they might have influenced the values for each group and so
orplain the differences obtained. A difference in age was
probably the most absolute and noteworthy difference between
the two groups and might offer an.eXplanation for the
excretion differences. However, since the two groups were
not comparable in age it was impossible to determine whether
or not this was an influencing feature in the excretions.
There was a discernable increase in the excretions as the
age advanced but this might have been due to other factors
which influenced the two groups differently.

The state of health of the two groups was gauged
roughly by the percent each woman varied from her ideal
weight and by the number of colds which she had during the
Previous winter, as recorded in Table 3. The freshmen
averaged 1.2 percent underweight as compared with 3.4 percent
Overweight for the seniors. The freshmen averaged 1.8 colds
fOr the winter and the seniors 1.2. This difference was
felt to be of no importance because it was determined from

BubJE-ctive Judgments which would be only roughly accurate.

 

I *5. . :4
all

,41

 

-31-

Table 5

Comparison of Date
for Freshman and Senior Women

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Subjects Urinary Results
Freehmen Seniors Freehmen Seniors

number of '

amgmts 20 18 Volume ml. 972 1102
Average time before

gm ,yr. 18.5 21.7 titrating-minutes 48 46
Average daily

' excretion ascorbic

Egght in. 64 64.9 acid - mgm. 17.25 29.92
Average ascorbic
acid per m1.

papa kg. 56 61 urine - mgm. 0.02 0.05

Average Average ascorbic

Percent of acid per kg. body

11981 weight -1.15 +3.37 weight - mgm. 0.32 0.51

Average

number of

leads 1.8 1.2

Average

Vitamin C

More of

m 9.8 9.8

 

-32-

Too little variation in height between the group was
reported to influence the results.

There was possibility that dietary habits might
influence the results. Interestingly enough, the average
diet scores for the two groups were the same, 9.8 units.
Moreover, there seemed to be no regular correlation either
within the separate groups or in the entire group between
the diet values and the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid.

The average volume of the senior women is greater
than that for the freshmen, 1102 ml. as compared with 972 m1.
This should not influence the results, since Johnson and
Zilva (27) and Van Eekelen (45) report no effect of diuresis
or of urine volume on the total daily excretion of ascorbic
acid.

Since Harris and hay determined their excretion
values on the basis of a common unit of weight, the stone
(10 stone for adults) it was thought that possibly more
uniformity could be obtained in this study by converting
the values obtained to mgm. ascorbic acid per kg. body
weight. When this was done the results seemed to magnify
rather than to diminish the difference between the two
groups. An average of 0.5 mgm. per kg. was observed for
the seniors and 0.3 for the freshmen.

The average interval of the time between voiding
and titration for each of the groups is not significantly

different, 46 minutes for the seniors and 48 for the

freshmen. According to the preliminary experiments which
had been run to test the importance of this period of time,
we would expect that this would indicate a probable error

of about 12%, on the average, for the values obtained.

The 2 minute difference between the two groups is within the
errors of recording. This tine interval before titration
was probably one of the most inportant sources of error.
During the daytime it was relatively short, 10 to 30 minutes
as a rule, depending on the number of specimens supplied at
the same time which must wait their turn for titrating.

Any specimens which were titrated in less than 15 minutes
were cooled under the cold water tap. The late evening
specimens, especially those of the freshmen, were held
longer before titration, since considerable time was con-
sumed in the mere routine of collecting the bottles from
the dormitory and preparing the smnples for titration.
Because of the irregular rising hours and because of the
time required to collect the bottles it was felt that there
would be no advantage to collecting the morning samples from
the dormitory. The women brought them on.their way to
class. There was a continual problem of bad memories which
increased the time interval in several instances and Which
accounted for the questionable time of voiding in others.
Subjects JF and GS both had specimens in the middle of the

night of one of the days, as indicated on the protocol in

 

1W.‘. .1-
.

-34-

the appendix. These are the only instances recorded.

In considering the accuracy of the method several
questions come up. Although we have no absolute guarantee
of the completeness of these 24 hour specimens we feel
quite certain that they are complete. The women were
impressed with the futility of collecting incomplete
specimens and in instances where there was a loss of one
or more of the samples they reported the loss and repeated
the test. Total reducing capacity has been used in this
study for'computing the excretion of ascorbic acid. We
have assumed, as have other workers (15) (35) that these
substances would remain constant enough for any one person
and within the entire group as not to affect the results.
The inaccuracies due to the time interval have been
discussed but are believed not to have produced a very
profound influence on the comparative results. The diet
score does not consider the diet of the previous day which
might distort the results in.those rare instances when the
subject ate a considerable portion of vitamin C rich food
late in the evening before the test day.

Certain statistics have been determined on the data
of the urine excretion to aid in interpretation and are
recorded in Table 4. The greater variability of the
seniors is indicated here again, by a greater average
extent of range, a higher standard deviation and coefficient

of variability. This is especially marked when the mean

-35-

Table 4

statistical Values Determined
of Ascorbic Acid Excretion

 

freshmen §eniore
Iterage ascorbic acid

 

 

 

 

excreted daily- mgm. 17.25 29.92
Range of ascorbic acid

excretion - mgm. 8.67-51.44 8.37-105.12
Average extent of

range - mgm. 7.59 22.43
Median - ascorbic acid

excretion - mgm. 15.35 25.96
Standard deviation-mgm. 7.74 20.11

 

Coefficient of
Variability % 41.3 57.2

-56-

excretion per day is compared with the standard deviation

as; freshmen mean 17.25 17.74; seniors mean 29.92 4:20.11.

According the Fisher (16), Table 4, this is a significant

difference with a probability of less than 1 in 100 that

the two would be in the same group. It does not seem

feasible to determine the correlation values between the

various other factors, discussed.

 

 

Ill.'a II q R!

.37a

CONCLUSIONS

 

In summarizing the results obtained in a study of
the ascorbic acid elimination by college women the follow-
ing conclusions could be drawn: -
1. The freshmen students, with a mean excretion value of
17.2 Ingm.;t7.74 ascorbic acid daily were within the range
considered normal by most experimenters. However, they
showed rather low but uniform ascorbic acid elimination.
2. 1316 senior students, with a mean excretion of 29.9 mgm.
$20.11 ascorbic acid daily were within the range considered
nornuil by most experimenters. They showed greater daily
variation than the freshmen.
3. The diets consumed on the test days were rated for their
vitamin C content and were similar.
4. No» significant relationship was observed between age,
state (If health, or weight, and the excretion of ascorbic
acid.

ii

 

.-

2.

3.

4.

5.

9.

10.

11.

‘ 12.

-38-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

Abbasy, M.A., and L. J. Harris 1937 Excretion of
vitamin C in pulmonary tuberculosis and rheumatoid
arthritis. Lancet vol. 233, p. 181.

Abbasy, M.A., and L. J. Harris, and N. G. Hill 1937
Excretion of vitamin C in osteomyelitis. Lancet
vol. 233, p. 177.

Abbasy, M. A., L. J. Harris, S. N. Ray, and J. R. Marrack
1935 DiegnoSis of vitamin C subnutrition by urine
analysis. Lancet vol. 229, p. 1399.

Abbasy, M. A., N. G. Hill, and L. J. Harris 1936
Vitamin C and Juvenile rheumatism with some
observations on vitamin 0 reserves in surgical
tuberculosis. Lancet vol. 231, p. 1413.

Ahmed, B. 1935 Observations on.the chemical method
for estimation of vitamin C. Biochem, J., vol. 29,
p0 2750 ‘

Ahmed, B. 1936 Observations on the excretion of
vitamin C in human urine. Biochem, J., vol. 30, p.11.

Archer, H. E., and G. Graham 1936 Some observations
on the excretion of ascorbic acid. Lancet vol. 230,
p. 710.

Bessey, 0. A., and C. G. King 1933 The distribution
of vitamin.C in plant and animal tissue and its ~
determination. J. Biol. Chem., vol. 103, pp. 687-698.

Birch, T. W., L. J. Harris, and S. N. Ray 1933 A
microchemical method for-determining the hexuronic
acid (vitamin C) content of foodstuffs etc.
Biochem, J., vol. 27, p. 590.

Bodansky, M. 1930 Introduction to Physiological
Chemistry. Second edition. Johns Wiley and Sons
Inc., New York.

Bullowa, J. G., I. A. Rothstein, H. D. Ratish, and
E. Harde 1936 Cevitamic acid excretion in
pneumonias and some other pathological conditions.
PIOCe SOCe EXPe BiOle Med. 7010 34:. Fe 10

Burckhardt, J. L. and F. Weister 1936 Vitamin C
excretion in tuberculous children. Schweiz. med.
Wochenschr. vol. 66, p. 832 Abst. in Nutr.

Abst. and Reviews vol. 6, p. 795.

h“)
01
o

23.

Lumerie, A. 1934 Separation of cvsteinc fro“
ascorbic acid with :ercuric acetate. 4133?
‘-"3 1 O :8 ’ Y) O 2

Emmerie, A. and L. Van De elen 1934 The chemical
determination of vituein C with removal of inter—
fering reducing nd c: lor ed s fostaices. Biochem, J.,
v01. 28, p. 1153.

Everscn, G. J.,-A. L. ‘anicls, F. I. Secular, and K. F.
Deardoff 1936 Vitewin C studies Jlth children of
preschool age. J. Lutr., vol. 12, p. 15.

th eds for research

Gotllin 1934 Human reguircmtmts of dietary ascorbic
ii. Future vol. 134, p 9

QC 0 5'5 0
Harris, Le J 1.1. no Abba-Sr. Jo YRS-kin, thud we Kelly

in -n r atritic on— vitamin" c
ects of the voluntary hospital class.
p. 1463.

3
reserves of

s 3
Lancet vol. 230

Herr s, L. J., and S. N. hay 1935 D agnosi-
Vitamin C subni ztrition by urine enalysis.
V01. 228, P0 1-.

Harris. Le Jo, Lo 2:. Ray, 5.1-3 A. .7er ICES T
excretion cf vitamin C in human u.rine and its
dependence on the dietarv intake, Biccnem, J.
V01. 27, [e 2011.

Hewley, E. E., n. G. Laggs, an: L. J. Stephens 1937
The affect of adviniztrutien of acid and alkaline
salts upon the ascorbic & id C3r ntent of suinea pig
tissues. J. Nutri., vol. 14, p. 1.

V‘

. r. Frazen, L. L. Button, and L. J.

I 3 T
6 _11e effect of administration of

dawley, E. E.,
Stephero l9
ar

C) DJ

sodium biC‘ Ohfitfi and of ammonium chloride on the
amount of ascorb'c acid found in urine. J. Nutr.,
vol. 12, p. 215.

f

Hawley, E. E., D. J. Ltenhens, and
Excretion of vitflua C in rorm llowing

fr“ 'r‘vv

‘.z A b“

'40:

a comparable quanti ta tivc adzi :

cf orange "ice, cevitamic ac d by mouth ind
T
U

0 '1
C1 fi 1 7"
1 1 L T‘ '

' C ‘ 1 - »-‘ V
C'JVi u'cl..1~3 3.015. thzVC‘Z Quill“ ' , I‘. . Ac"10

 

 

'-l
.31! Q ' f . ' . . .
i
I.
C
if - . Q
.‘ .-
‘ ' ' I -|
Q A Q ’ .
.I.
‘ f . V . ' f . . '
o
I O , . -;|
I . ' . v '
0 ~ . -.
Q ' f .
I l
Q 9 I ' 5 a ' i
t . ' Q
o . ' ‘
o n t . . Q . . f .
. i
O '. D Q . ' . . .
i
I
‘ v - I , U ’ ' . . f
{I
c ' - -
I
I g ' .
9 Q . 9 t g . V
p
o ' ‘ , I v

-40-

L40 Heinemc nn, M. 1936 On the relation between diet and
urinary output of thicsul 3ha (acfi ascorbic acid)
2. H‘M‘an requirezxnts f3r vit:"in 3. Biochem, J.,
vol. 3C, p. 2299.

25. Less, 4. F and H. 1. Benjamin 1934 Urinary excretion
of vita in C. Proc. Soc. Exp. ni3l. and Kei., vol. 31,
p. 855.

26. Johnson, 3. L. 1933 The reg'ner ation of the reducing
preps ertie of oxidized lemon juice. dioc.em, J.,
vol. 27, p. 1287.

27. Johnson, S. W. and S. S. Zilva 1934 The urinary
excretion of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids in
man. diochem, J., vol. 25, p. 1395.

28. Kellie, A. E. and S. S. Silva 1935 The catalytic
oxidation of ascorbic acid. Bioehm“, J., vol. 29,

Al"

F. Vb: I

29. Kirr, 3. G. 1936 "it gin C, ascorbic acid. rhyeicl.
Ile‘uro. 1.010 16. 1:. 238.

3C. Kohmen, 1937 The chemical determinations of vitami
ascorbic “ cid in tomatoes and tomato juice. rersonai

up
paper to F. Hahn n5.

31. League 0. fictions 1934 Second conference on vitamin
star dard ization. Quart. Bul. Health. Org., vol. 3,
c. 429.

32. Land, 3. and H. Lieck 1936 a specific reaction for
the qualitative and quantitative determination of
ascorbic ac’d in serum. Nature vol. 137, p. 784.

33. iiedes, G. 1935 Leteruiraticn of ascorbic acid in
urine witri ph’ \ ngetic acid. Jiochen, J.,
T“ J

Vol. 99,

34. Lusulin, E. R. and C. G. Kirr 1936 metaphosrhoric
acid in the extraction and titration of vitarnin C.
J. Jiol. C em., vol. 116, p. 409.

(33
U!

L. Han :k 1936 Storage of
1 adults following a period of
Jtre, 10.1.0 12. p. 413.

C'Hara, P. H. and H
vitaiin C by no rL:'
low intake. J. I.

)3
‘0

8

hohaer, E., U. Sanders, and H. dezssonoff l9eé
-"r+hesis of vitamin C by infants. Lature vol. 134,
p. 142.

m‘r" ‘

 

a!”

O

57.

38.

39.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

-41-

Sherman, H. C. 1937 Chemistry of food and nutrition.
5th edition The MacMillan Company, New York

Svirbley, J. L. and A. Szent-Gyorgyi 1932 The chemical
nature of vitamin C. Biochem, J., vol. 26, p. 865.

Tauber, H. and I. S. Kleiner 1935 A method for
quantitative determination of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
J. Biol. Chem., vol. 108, p. 563.

Tauber, H. and I. S. Kleiner 1935 isolation of a
specific ascorbic acid (vitamin C) oxidase.
Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., vol. 32, p. 577.

Tillmans, J., P. Hirsch, and J. Jackisch 1932 Reducing
capacity of plant foodstuffs and its relation to
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Abst. in Chem. Abst. 1932 vol. 26, p. 5619.

Tillmans, J., P. Hirsch, and W. Hirsch 1932 Reduction
capacity of plant foodstuffs and its relation to
Vitamin C. Reducing substances in vitamin C.

2. Untersuch Lebenson vol. 63, p. l. Abst. in
Chem. Abst., 1932 vol. 26, p. 5324.

Tillmans, J., P. Hirsch, and H. Dick 1932 4. Re-
versibility of the oxidation of the reducing
substance in lemon Juice. Z. Untersuch Lebenscn
vol. 63, p. 267 Abst. in Chem. Abst. 1932
7010 26, P0 5619.

Van Eekelen, M. 1935 Ascorbic acid and thiosulphate
in urine. Nature vol. 135, p. 37.

Van Eekelen, M. 1936 On the amount of ascorbic acid
in blacd and urine. The daily human requirements
for ascorbic acid. Biochem, J., vol. 30, p. 2291.

Van Eekelen, M., A. Emmerie, B. Josephy, and L. K.
Wolff 1933 Vitamin C in blood and urine Nature
vol. 132, p. 315.

Van Eekelen, M. and A. Emmerie 1936 Some critical
remarks on the determination of ascorbic acid.
Biochem, J., vol. 30, p. 25.

Waugh, W. A. and C. G. King 1932 Isolation and
identification of vitamin C. J.Biol.Chem.,vol.97, p.325.

Yavorsky,jm., P.A1maden, and C.G. King 1934 The vitamin
C content of human tissues. J.Biol.Chem., vol.106,p.525.

 

.. . 1H

APPENDIX

3,7..1 All:.\«

It“ 1‘

Inlnllaatl

 

' s 7" 1 "'r" "v"? t "‘""Y'_'.
UIALMV¢¢LU1AQ EU... Jl-muifl (I U‘UU

Coll ecti

k)“.

0
.e spielmens

The vitamin C determination must be made on single
Specimens immediately after voiding. Therefore, if at all
possible, we are ask i ng that it be tz.ken in the Hone Leonomics
building in the utensils provided there. On the day on which
the study is being made the first specimen in she morM ng,
immediately after ariein , at 7 A.M. approximately, is dis—
carded but all thereafter are saved, through the 7 A.M.
Specimen of the next day. All are saved separately for testing
and should be brought to me immediately. Someone will be in
the Home Economics building to take care of the last specimen
before retiring. At that ti: e a utensil will be provided in
which any other night samples and the first sample of the next
morning (7 Aux.) may be saved and brought to the building a
8 o'clock.

The test is of no value if any specimen during the day is
not saved. Therefore, please cOOperate by saving them all.
Suitable labels will be provided for the containers on Which
you may put your name, the time, and the time of the last meal.
If possible we would like to have the specimens taken at about
the same time for each of the days.

 

Record of meals

We would also like to have a general idea of your meals
for the day. For these to be of any value they must be
accurate, so please record them carefully. For instance, if
you had a candy bar or coca cola between meals, or if you
did not eat one of your meals, please indicate accordingly.
We would prefer that the meals be as nearly as possible
typical of your usual meals.

In recording your meals please tell in a general way how
much of a.given food you had, and whether it was raw or
cooked. For instance-

 

Breakfast 7:50 Dinner 6 o'clock
Orange Juice - é cup Ban - 1 slice
egg - 1 potatoes - 1 se vine
toast with butter and peas, canned, 2 servings

Jam - 2 slices celery - raw

coffee with cream and
sugar

Between meals 10 o'clock
IlchocolaEE’candy bar

 

Lunch
cheese sandwich - 1
milk - 1 glass
fruit salad - fresh

chocolate pudding-l serving
coffee with cream and sugar

Evening 10 o'clock

crackers and milk (1 glass)

 

11. cl

on < rr‘

5'! Am a

éfiv‘fi
110.4

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HEEE

 

“"1 ’x’")

“ , " 4'1 -? -.
ELFJUULtD Cl.“ Linking;

RAKE

DATE

Breakfast

 

Betwe en me als

 

‘7
“OOH

 

Between meals

Dinner,evening

 

Between meals

 

r3
:4.
#3

Time

Time

r3

E.
.1

O

Identification

 

‘1 .
50110,
18 yrs.,

age
-1o.e% of 1a

;
9&1 weight

freshman;

Ate ;
110 noun s,weight;

'3‘

.. . rs
LOO T9 for “30h 4.29:7

 

Fnods Score

10

JUNE -
8 Score

(2:

Foo

 

Yo breakfast

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

No breakfae

 

 

 

 

 

I‘ “1 r
i-.€:ipyie 1.08
T: u ‘ f . ‘ r 4" ’V 1
“ch ..... ....-..-......-..1 EOtJL.‘ V111}? K. r)”. chc'fj,xr_---..--d
a 'v
:39 bread 0010 him “ash --------------- 3
f, O, firm ‘ ‘ .‘ 7‘. _ I I
Craezers .efct~u;e so p---~-1 C;rrot-ra1e1n)
’ ‘t' N " ‘ 2
Jeilo fruit Siin--1 era: er‘ Pdlfie ——————— 1
f 1 . _ 'V'I u ,2“
Liik-a- ------- --—~-1 inert yells N‘Lx ................ 1
. fl ’ 'l"! ‘A a '0
teat finite Corned beef jeef “it“ carrot frovy
\' * f~A -' . F) .V‘ ‘\ ‘
Betht ,..:Q .......... .02 L)Ot\ltc:?8 —————————— COL, rljtr-Lfsee‘- ......... 2
fl ~ ‘ .. v 1 .‘q ‘
UCTfi- ........ --_---1 Cubbggg ——————— —-«--1 IU§DJ 9903 IDL4€
'3 " »‘ - .
:reud :OGQQG:~* ---------- 1 50110
Grah'v cracker) E3133
~
bwadihg
H- “F -——-— ~1 ‘
ivtgl €c3re 5 ietvl ecore E ictul score 5:,3
. .’ ‘ _ -- ‘ 1 J“- .L". .‘ v. v
£114E1| a f ‘5'. Cf (e‘-11‘..t Is: 4( r _..A .101" 9"}:
m ‘J a. - I r .‘t~ -.A . -y.. " ,'~ a '7 a .
L3 x. . .1. ut’ 1n 0 13"}; at '5‘ {hit}... 0 IAV'L'I LE6 'u' .L L. full-.11, L
h ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘1. . .‘ V O : .
i¢tai 393.1 1c ueccraic minjtes score
" Q 2 I ‘~(‘ \ \
Viiime autd acid Y‘er b’igre 3f
7? 2,. ., 1 .4. _‘ '.\"I _. 0 . o . J o _ O .
.tate Cf glfilne e1 rau1w1 Ldi. hrlté3 tLtIubllE Ch.3t
pl 0 f‘.
r L. EEC 30914.3 OOT_L€: ‘14 '3
l‘ " n P: Aw run r‘
€/ 3 9p 0 110 ‘ 6.53 O. .J-L2o. 1 L9 5
A l n 1 r”
I r u ’ as p A. I.”
C! 9 10 ‘1 4.4.1.! 3 - I {fix/C :28 505
' .'5' , ’ A A "l‘
Average 8.F.7 11.57uC -- 14L: 37 5-5

 

A gli-;- .__.__. ‘___.*4_ -4k_ 44 _i__ ___A U U

 

B.F.;
18 yrs. age;

-3.0% of ideal weight

freeman;

Ate at dormitory;

67 inches,hei°ht 153 p0unds,weight;

F

l or a

colds during past winter

 

 

Diet Record and Vit97in 0 Score for Sac- Day

Max 25 June 7 June 8
Foods Score FC‘dS Score Foods Score
Grapefruit --------- 3 Grapefruit --------- 3 Grapefruit -------- 3
Toast Toast Toast
Cocoa -------------- 1 Cocoa -------------- 1 Cvcca ------------- 1
Stew Lima beans --------- 1 Cold sliced ham
Whole wheat roll Bread Potato chips
Lettuce salad ------ 1 Strawberry short) Lettuce salad ----- 1

cake---—l Bread & butter

Roast beef

Mashed pctatoee----2

Asparagus ----- -----2

Rolls

Strawberry ice) ‘
cremn---§

Total score 55

Swiss steak

Mashed potatoes----2
30118 & butter

Fruit cup ---------- 2
Marble cake

'—___TG

Total score

Levilled eggs
Potato salad ----- —2
Vegetable bow1---—2
Baked beans

Creamed aSparagus~2
Ice cream

Peanut butter cookies

Total score 11

 

Summary of Results for Each Day

 

 

 

Total mgm. Average mgm. Average Vitaain C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted m1. urire titratingAdiet
5/25 1050 2.1725 0.02092 52 9.5
6/7 1007 22.4054 0.02225 55 10
518 779 29.5595 0.03759 52 11
Average 948.7 24.6451 0.02695 35 10.2

 

h-e_4‘ ._._‘ Fé

 

I
a
. A I b O
I
. . O
A
.. .
._
.
e
A '

 

 

Identification

 

Ate at dormitory
104 pounds, weight

Vitamin C Score for Each Day

ids during past winter

 

 

 

C.F.; freshman;

18 yrs., age; 61 inches, height-

~8.8% of ideal weight; 2 0r 5 00

Diet Record an?
June 2 June 7

N0 diet record Foods Score
Grapefruit --------- -5
Branflakes
Toast
Iliilk .............. 1
Vegetable soup ------ l
Hash ---------------- l

3r0wn bread
Strawberry short)

cake .......... «.91
11111.1( ---------------- 1
Beef
Potatoes ............ 2
Asparagus ------- ----2

Sticky rolls
Fruit cup cake
Tea

Total score

I?

 

June 9
F0058 . Score
Orange .............. 3
Branflakes
Toast
Cocoa ............... 1
P83 soup ............ .%
German potato salad—2
Brown bread
Orange salad -------- 2
Milk ................ 1

Roast beef & gravyv
mashed potatoes ----- 2
Asparagus ----------- 2
Rolls

Jello with fruit----l
Tea

Total score

q
*3.

2

 

 

 

 

__ Sumnary of Results for Each day
25551 mgm. Average mgr. Average Vitwtin
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes C score
Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titrating diet
6/2 575 15.7575 0.02747 55 no record
6/7 521 59.7154 0.0752. 42 12
519 1215 51.4555 0.04240 28 14.5
Average 769 35.6294 0.04870 55.3 13.3

 

—_.-_ p. -__ ---..—.~.

’ ‘ .j-‘W '5‘ Au. 1“"... mvlgnl‘1-n -r.’

 

Identification

 

D.F.; freshman; Ate at dormitory
16 yrs., age; 64 inches, height; 126 pounds, weight;
+2.4% of ideal weight 2 or 3 colds during past winter

Diet Record and Vitamin 0 Score for Each Day

 

 

 

 

May 25 June 8 June 9
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
1 glass tomato) N0 breakfast
Juice ----- --5 H0 breakfast 1 mint jelly)
Bran with milk sandwich
1 glass milk -------- 1 3 cookies
Carrots ------------- l Carrots ------------ 1 Hash ------------- 1
Beans --------------- 2 Spinach ------------ 2 Rye bread
Apricot marshmallow) Potatoes ----------- 2 Orange salad ----- 2
salad ------- % Rye bread 1 Glass chocolate)
2 Crackers Banana salad ------- 2 milk~~~1
Rye bread 1 Glass milk ------- l
1 Glass milk ------- -1
1 piece cake 5 sugar cake Asparagus -------- 2
Rolls
Boast beef with) Corned beef Jello with)
tomato sauce ------ 2 Cabbage ------------ 1 fruit --------- 1
Asparagus ----------- 2 Roll
Roll 2 peach with)
Raspberry ice cream-L caramel sauce~~~~t
Total score 112 Total score .2 Total score 7

 

Summary of Results for Each Day

 

 

 

Total mgm. Average mgm. Average Titwtin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titreting diet
5/25 658 14.5745 0.o2215 47 11.5
5/8 520 17.7197 0.02505 45 9.5
5/9 271 14.9924 0.01710 55 7

 

Average 756.3 15.7289 0.02177 41.7 0.3

..Am_w4-_r. ##1##- . M- 4

 

 

H l .1 5...

“,1

s

Identification

 

E.F., \ f eskman; Ate at toruftory

.1 yrs, age; 62 inches, height; 125 pounds, weight

+6.87 of ideal weight man; colds during past winter
Diet gecord and Vitamin C Score for Each Day

 

. a f‘.
JAIL?! C

 

 

Prods Score Foods Score Vfi‘ds Score
,1 1. m .

dhubarb ----------- --l g orange ----------- 1% Bl.ra:pberiies--—2
Cream of ?heat Toast Cocoa

Raisin toast Cocoa ———————— ---~--l Toast

Cocoa -------------- ~l

jenana-------~ ------ 2 Candy bar

Corn fritter
Carrot loaf with)
peas ------ -1

Bean soup
Canadian bacon
Cucumber salad——~~-l

Cabbage-carrot-cucuwbcr)rotato chips

tDLato Ssl&d-----3
Whole wheat bread
1 Glass milk -------- 1

 

 

Corned beef

Boiled potatoes—--v-2
Cabbage ---------- —--1
Roll a butter
Chocolate cake

—‘1T£

Total score

Whole wheat roll

 

 

Total score 8

 

tomato sauce--—-l
Strawberrv short)

cakeu-l
1 Class milk ----- 1

Roast beef

lashed potatoes-o2
Sticky rolls

Fruit cccktail—--2
Chocolate cake

Total score 9

 

--_-._—v—.l_

.1_ a. h-‘J-H_.‘._-14—v

 

 

13.3 .; co ntinued

 

 

 

Summary of Results for Each Da:_
Total Mgm. Average mgm. Average Vitamin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titrating diet
5/17 825 14.5102 0.01759 50 14
5/2 1231 15.1825 0.01234 53 8
Q7 773 15.9250 0.02189 40 9
Average 943 15.5399 0.01727 47.7 10.5

 

 

.—. ,_ 4. .--.—_...._. __ .. ..__
n.

 

 

 

 

 

Identifies

tion

 

FoFo;
20 yrs.,age;
+7.2fl of ideal weight

freshman;

64 inches, height;

Ate at dormitor w;
154 pounds, weight
no colds during pastv

Winter

Diet Record and Vitamin 0 Score for Each Day

 

L18 5’ 4

3;??? 18

.h

May 19

 

Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
'Cooked pineapple) % grapefruit- ------ 5 % orange --------- 1%

& Ehubarb--- ..... 2

 

 

Rice with raising

 

 

COI‘I’ iflzixm

 

 

 

 

Rice krispies Cinnemon toast Toast
Cinnamon toas 1 cup cocoa -------- 1 1 cup cocoa- ----- 1
1 cup cocoa--—-----1
q

Celery acup--------g Sou Cream soup
Lacaroni & cheeSen- L “a b sns,beets, Spinach & eggs---2
Breed corn,oot;t1es----2 Ere d
j'nenr s‘lad- ------ 2 Apple betty -------- 5 Fresh [each 91130-1
Ch cclate milk-----l 1 glass milk ------ -l 1 glass milk ————— 1
Roast beef Veal serdwich Silmon loaf
Lettuce salad ------ l Radishes ----------- 3 Fried potatoes-—-1
Iickles Fresh pineapple & Stewed tomatoes--3
Sweet rolls strawberries-----3 PadisleSo--------:
Chocolate marsh- Bread

mallow r011 Ch0031ate ice‘
1 glass milk- ------ l creun

Total score 8; Total score 11 Total score 11

Simxur" of Pes_ults for Eloh I .
the 1 u.gn. .nverage Lgm. average J1.-r C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes scoxe
Vol LC acid acid her fore of

Date of Urine e“3reted ml. urine titrating diet

 

5/4 1515

11.7432

O.CC7751

 

5/18 1464 15.5721 0.0107C do 11
5/19 855 15.8225 . lBFB Co 11
average 1278 14.4159 0.01232 61.3 10.2

 

.‘ --_..l- --o t——-—-_.— L

ult‘v ‘ n -h-.... o

 

lfll .5” I

 

 

 

 

 

G.F.; freshran, its at dcrxitory
18 319.,age; 84 incheC, h81ght 1’5 pounds? feight
+16.3% of ideal weight 1 or E colds mariac putt minuer
'Dfet Record 171 Vitmniz 3 Score 101 33:1 Ely
- 5:1. 6‘
"c 6 La" 18 20" C5
‘34—... __.¢_..... . __s___ .
Foods Score Foods Score 2001: Score
0 2' ’ —--- a ’ ~it --------- ; m0~ato 'uice ------- 3
arrreiruit--—~ 5 Gr-1eir1- t l m J
Cinnamo toast Cinnamon toast Cinnamon toes
Cocoa ------------- 1 Cocoa -------------- 1 Cocoa -------------- 1
Tomato SOUQ} ------ 1 Escalloped potatoes) Fried potatoes ----- l
with macaroni with ham --------- 1 Carrots ------------ 1
Potato salad ------ 2 Beets---— --------- -1 String beans ------ -2
Roll Rye brea Whole wheat bread
1 Slice pineanple) Apple betty -------- % Apricot-mars mallow;
with date garnish-l salad------
Candy bar Candy bar

Swiss steak

Mashed potatoes)

With gravy--—---2
Carrots ....... ----1

 

Breaded veal
Carrots----- ------ -1
whole wheat r011
Strawberries &

 

Beef roast

Mashed potatoes-~--2
ASparagus ----- -----2
Roll and butter

 

 

 

 

Rolls and butter pineapple- ------- 3 Raspberry ice)
Hershmallow-peach) Cookie creau--------%
wh.cream.dessert-% Tea
Total score 11% Total score 10% Total score 13

-—_ TBtal mgn. Average mgm. Average VitwnlnfiC
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of

2219 of Urine excreted m1. urine titrating diet

5/6 845 15.1425 0.01555 95 11.5

5/18 903 15.5155 0.01718 44 10.5

§Z§5 954 15.2088 0.01578 51 15.

mrage 904 14.5225 0.01517 55.7 11.7

 

v*¢.b~ah..L¢-_—n ——.—— 4__‘-_.14

.-_ ‘-

s. 1.1

 

 

H.F.;
19 yrs., age;
—13.0% of ideal

Identification

 

'freshman Ate at dormitory
61 inches,height 100 pounds,weight
weight no colds during past winter

 

 

Diet Record and Vitamin C Score for Each Day
may 18 Ma 25 June 8
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
30 breakfast Kil'- --------------- 1 no breakfast
rolls
Potatoes with) Meat 'Meat loaf
corned beef -------- 1 Potato -------------- 2 Potato chips
Custard Apricot salad ------- 1 Lettuce ---------- 1
Bread and butter Bread Bread
milk ---------------- 1 Milk ---------------- 1 Milk ------------- 1

Candy bar

Veal
Potatoes ........
Radishes ........
Carrots .........
Strawberries---_
Tea

 

Coca Cola
POpcorn

Total score

Ham sandwich
Coca Cola

boast beef Potatoes --------- 2
----2 Potatoes ------------ 2 Cabbage ---------- 1
----% 30119 dread
-—--1 Ice Cream Tea
----3 Tea

Candy bar

 

 

8% Total score 7 Total score 5

 

 

Summary of Results for Each Day
Total mgm. Average mgm. Average Vitamin C

 

Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score

Volume acid acid per before of
late of Urine excreted m1. urine titrating diet
5/18 752 8.5579 . 0.01155 55 8.5
5/25 879 8.9449 0.01018 40 7.0
918 819 9.0715 0.01108 55 5.0

 

 

Average 815.7

M

8.8948 0.01093 55.5 6.8

_-.l u-‘«—_ ..._

 

 

Identification

 

I.F.;
.19 yrs., age;
+7.4fl of ideal weight

Diet Record and Vitamin C Score for

freshmen;
63 inches, height

Ate at dormitory
150 pounds, weight

2 colds during past winter

Each Dayg

 

May 25 June 2 June 14
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
K0 breakfast K0 breakfast Branflakes

Pea soup

Fried potatoes ----- 1

Green beans -------- 2

Apricot-marshmallow)
salad --------- %

Rye‘bread

1 glass milk ------- 1

Roast beef
flashed potato &

gravy ------ 2
ASparagus .......... 2
Roll
Tea

Raspberry sherbet--%

 

 

Total score 9

Scrambled eggs
Tomato-cucumber)

salad --------- 2
Rye bread
Milk ............... 1

 

Swiss steak

Mashed potatoes~---2

Roll

Pineapple-cucumber)
salad ------ -2

Strawberry sundae--s

Iced tea

8*“

 

Total score 7%

Rye toast

Ham salad sandwich

Chocolate milk)
shake ----- -l

Grapefruit 3uice---3

mashed potato ------ 2
Pickle
Cherry cobbler ----- 1

Grapefruit juice-~-3

 

Total score 10

Suggary of Results for Each Day

 

 

 

Total mgm. Average mgm. Average Vitamin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score

. Volume acid acid per before of
2219 of Urine excreted m1. urine titratingdiet
5/ 25 552 15.2815 0.02102 54 9
6/2 801 11.5170 0.01450 75 7.5
$3.114 558 21 .7418 0.05908 15 10
garage 500.5 15.5458 0.05155 47.7 8.8

 

-—.— _—._...—-—-—‘_- ‘ ‘_ - 1

Fr! ‘IWI‘ "i.

 

 

 

f
i
I

 

 

 

Identification

 

343‘.; freshman; Ate at dormitory
18 3nrs., age; 64 inches, height 125 pounds, weight
+1.53% of ideal weight 1 551—1 during past winter

Diet Record and Vitamin C Score for Each Dev
“’9'

 

 

May 12 may 17 May 24
Foods; Score Foods Score Foods Score
1 errpefruit ------- 5 l dish stewed) Applesauce ------- 1
apricots Bran cereal
Whole wheat toast
Cocoa ------------ l
Tomatca soup -------- 1 flash ----- - ---------- 1 Vegetable soup---l
macarenai & towato--l Vegetable salad--~-l Chop suey with)
Whole»wdheat bread & ' and crackers rice--—1
Jam Fresh fruit sslad--3 Crackers
Fresh :fruit salad-~3 hye bread R011
2 glaseses chocolate) 1 glass milk ------- 1 Fresh pineapple--2
milk ----- 2 Cookie
1 glass milk ----- 1

 

fi-brownie (cookie)

$03-81: beef Ham Stew
A gerV1XQgs potat0--3 Potatoes ----------- 2 Potatoes --------- 2
391° Vegetable) Cabbage ------------ l Cabbage sa1ad----3
P Salad ------ ~2 Pickle Cracked wheat)
“aspberry ice) 12511 r011
<3remm ------- § 1 glass milk ------- 1 Apple pudding----%
Cake
‘
(‘m
””811 piece cake
.______

"1 —---—
O .
1 taJ score 17%— Total score 16 Total score 13%

-n‘i‘se- .

r.-...— a“-

 

 

J;F.I- continued

Simmery of Results for Each Day

fl

 

 

Ol

 

Total mgn. Average mgm. Everage Vitamin“
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titrating diet
5/12 890 15.8291 0.01554 85 17.5
5/17 875 12.0784 0.01584 75 10
5124 1498 19.5751 0.01507 54 12.5
garage 1087.0 15.1609 0.01415 71 13.3

 

.‘_—nr-~....3Lh_--_‘._.._.._l._;i ___ _ 1

K.F.;
19 yrs., age;

-8.5 5% of ideal weight

Diet Record

Identification

 

freshman;
62 inches, height

Ate at dormitory
108 pounds, weight

3 colds during past winter

and Vitamin C Score for Each Day

 

May 18 Ma 26 June 1
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
% grapefruit ------ 3 % grapefruit ------- 3 1 canned peach--~-l
Cinnamon toast Cinnauon toast Cinnamon toast
Coffee Coffee Coffee
Scalloped potatoes) Noodle soup Soup

with ham---2 2 pancakes & syrup- Macaroni

Rye bread a butter
Brown betty ....... g
1 glass milk ------ 1

Breaded veal

Mashed potatoes---2

Carrots ----------- 1

£011 a butter

Strawberry a pine-
apple----5

Small cookies

Total score 12%

Bread & butter
Chocolate milk ----- 1
Fruit Jello salad)
with mayonnaise---l

Ideat balls-tomato)

sauce ------- 1
Boiled p0tat0es----2
Corn ............... 1

Pickle

Roll & butter

Date-marshmallow)
Graham cracker)

Dessert with Whipped

cream

Tin roof sundae

Total score 9

Roll & butter
Pineapple salad---1

1 glass milk ------ 1

Veal

Mashed potato and)
gravy ----- 2

Asparagus --------- 2

Pickles

R011 & butter
Rhubarb-banana)
short cake ------ 1

Total score 8

 

Summary of Results for Each Day

 

 

 

Total mgm. Average mgm. Average Vitamin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted m1. urine titrating diet
5/18 805 24.8081 0.05078 45 12.5
5/25 1259 18.4755 0.c1491 2 9
5/1 425 55.5851 0.08541 49 8.
Average 825.7 26.6559 0.04370 9.8

 

- mun...- g--g.--._._—-— ‘al

 

L.F.;

18 yrs. , age

+12.5% of ideal weight

Identification

 

freshman;

Ate at dormitory

68 inches, height 155 pounds, weight

5 colds during past winter

Liet Record and Vitanin C Score for Each Dag

May 12
Foods Score

No breakfast

055551355 candy bar

Tomato soup ------- 1
Cheese souffle
Brown bread

Lime bean salad--~l
1 glass milk ------ 1

1 white cookie

Roast beef & gravy
Gelatine salad----%
Foppyseed rolls
Raspberry ice)
cream ------

a3“

Small piece cake

Total Score 3

May 17

Foods Score

Raisin bread

Vegetable soup----l
Corn fritter

Banana salad ------ 2
1 glass milk ------ l
Boiled ham
2 servings)

cabbage --------- 2
Mustard pickles
1 glass milk ------ 1

Chocolate cake

r 3
0
c4-
m

1 score V

May 24

Foods Score

Crahan crackers

 

Vegetable soup ----- 1
R011 & butter

Fresh pineapple----2
Cookie

1 glass milk- ...... 1

Graham crackers

Stew

R011 & butter
Cabbage salad ------ 3
Apple turnover ----- 1

Peanut butter cookies
Graham crackers

 

-1 score 8

t 3
O
<+
'D

 

Summary of Results for Each Bay

Total mgm. average mgm. Average

Vitamin C

 

 

Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score

Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted m1. urine titrating diet
5/12 809 12.0249 0.01485 55 4
5/17 914 14.1780 0.01551 55 7
5/24 1055 17.7780 0.01718 42 8
Average 919.5 14.5585 0.01585 51 5.5

 

On... '15—-

I.-

-- A-:xf_ 1-.-“

 

Identification

 

 

 

 

ibF.; freshman; Ate at dormitory;
fl -
18yrs., age; 635 inches, height; 130 poun s,weight;
+7.47”; of ideal weight 1 5515 during past winter
Diet Record and Vitmrin C Score for Each Day
May 10 May 3% May 17
Rvfis Score Foods Score Foods Score
Ho breakfast No breakfast Toast
Potato salad ------- 2 Fudge
Crackers
Soup Soup Soup
Scrambled eggs Crackers Crackers
Rolls & butter Whole wheat bread Cremned peas ------ 2
Stewad rhubarb ----- 1 Foodles with) Salad ------------ -2
1.g1ass'anlk- ------ 1 tomato sauce ----- 1 Roll
Salad -------------- 1
Milk --------- - ----- 1
Ice cream cone Pepcorn
Fudge
1.7.- 9
rd“ Meat & gravy heat
greaneci potatoes---2 Mashed potatoes----2 Mashed potatoes--~2
fadiSPK9s Gelatine-vegetable) Cabbage salad ----- 3
[Ogetujyle salad ---2 salad ----- 1 3011
H
fi011‘&. butter 3011 Apple pie --------- l
Eumpfiill pie Raspberry ice ------ % Milk -------------- 1
glass 5.111: ------- 1
2‘43-mna~- .......... -2 Cake Hard boiled egg
“range-m- ----------- 3 Surdae Cookies

 

m, -—---1-,.
lots]. score 14 Total score 02 Total score II

 

-.

'7 I: n‘fi

_AL- \.I

‘.9W’+s rev

 

 

 

 

Wu
.1
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c,» T. 4v PU F;
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S C .1 o O C d... F1.
"\v C; C 1.. o o O c
n a a r O C C O
O
«W. C a:
h .1 8. 0.. Kg 03 n!
‘0 +t .1. 0,. fl: i.
I T; O at... Pun. Or. 7..."
.1. 0.. a; «I. n.” 7 4th,. 4
‘v 0 Cal. fin, . C O O
a» C; AU Y K. L. 0.. U
n. 3 a 9 .l 1 11.
m“
D. 04....
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4.» 1... q 4 P3 .._~
«In 0 0.; Au; 3 Pk A...
m . "‘1' C 6 6 pt FT)
8
a;
n1.
9 AU 9 HI I

 

 

 

a-.. 1.. a; «l o...
. r. FD .3 r0

 

 

 

3.-.; freshmtx; Ate at d

13 yrs., 213-; 61;;- ‘Ir.cbes, height 97 pound
,4 .

-16.4p of ideal Heioht could not rogember colds o

01".: i t0; 7'

u I

,Nelflht
past wirte

 

 

Iiet Recor ‘Li Vi‘ 1“ iccre f2“ E.c“ 3L5
Ida? 3 ‘J" 2‘ Core 7
33063 Jcore Foods beers Fools Score
% grapefruit--~---~3 Tomato juice ------ -3 frames
Toss Toast Bread
Coffee S‘ffee Coffee

 

 

 

Celery souo -------- 2 ” servixgs gre+r) lash -------------- -1
Keat boars---—3 Broad
Potatoes- ------- _--g “fricot-warsh— Custard
Rolls mallam salad---«--%
Hot fudge sundae Brear
City chickei Beef Ham ,alad sandwich
Cremxed potatoes~-—2 mashed potatoes-—-~2 Lice phosphate
Cabbage-pireapole) 2011

salad-——---2 Strawberry ice,

NRA

Coffee creaa ------

Iotal score

Total score

 

Summary of Lesults for Each Day
Total mgm. Average mgm. Average

‘urit 8311!} C

Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titratigg diet

 

5/3 877 13.8784 0.01582 ?

645 2.1280 .01880 53

1051 16.9504 0.01644 ?

.average 851.0 14.3189 0.01702

9.5

 

 

Identification

 

 

mr.; i reslman; ate at dormitory;
1w yrs.,age; 64% inch nes ,height; 130 pounds,weight
-NL2% of ideal weigrt colds coxitinuously during past winter
__Liet.;tctrfi it? Yit- in Q Score fLIlZQJKALQX
10 Max 12 Mag 19
Fwds Score Foods Score Foods Score

 

%orange-----~-~---1% % grapefruit---~~-5
Ekt cereal-milk a Cornflz.kes-milk &
sugar sugar

Cinnamon toast Cinan.on to ast

lglass milk ------- l 1 glass milk------l
l baked apple ----- 2

Bean soup Vegetable soup &

Vegetable stew) crackers- ------ l

with biscuit-----l acaroni

Bread read

Rhubarb sauce ------ 1 Orange salad ------ 2

1 cookie Chocolate milk----l

1 glass milk-----—-l

Weiners Ioast beef- gravyO

French fried) tatoes- --------- 2
potatoes------2 J 110 salad with)

Rolls & butter nuts & ve getables- l

ieaches & wh.cream-1 Roll
4 piece cake Ice cremn

Cookies
Cake

1 Orange ........... 3

Total score 11% Total score 13

Can blackberries--2
Cor Hflake ~milk &
sugar
Toast
Spanish rice------l
Cracked wheat roll‘
ard butter

Custard
1 glass milk------l

Beef
Fried potatoes----]
3V9 T0118 & butter

Ste ved tomatoes---
Chocolate ice cream

Total score §

.c-uu- .—

 

1").47' " ' -.

 

0&2, continued

Summary of Results for Each Day
Total mgr. Average mgm. Average Vitamin C

 

Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of .
Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titratirg diet .
5
5/10 857 15.2087 0.01774 44 11.5 :
5/12 995 16.9636 0.01705 54 13. g
a
5/19 814 15.3711 c.018e8 66 9 g .

 

Average 888.7 15.8471 0.01789 ' 54.7 11.2

 

hu‘...-—-____

.5 -.x‘..&r‘AL“ALAh. n.-

open-‘uswmA - . ,
v

 

Identification

 

P.F.;
18 yrs., age
~6.7; of ideal weight

freshman; Ate at dormitory
67 inches,height 125 pounds,weight
many colds during past winter

’1 C.‘

T': t;'\ .r‘ d "Y", T".+" "“ rt'. ".OA " .1 "(a
#6: ALB;C:‘I L .4:de 1“ _l A 'v- :“A‘A . L} 41 My 1r"? fi- llr IA‘LN'}; £2.11?

 

 

June 3 June 8 June 10
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
1 banana ------------ 2 No record Banana ------------ 2
Rice Krispies Pics Krispies
Sugared toast Toast
1 cup cocoa --------- 1 Cocoa ------------- l
Apricot-marshmallow}. Spanish rice ------ 1

salad ----- e
Whole wheat bread
1 glass milk -------- 1

Beef
2 small potatoes--~-2

Onion-cabbage-carrot-B

Whole wheat roll
Cherry tart with)

whipped cream ----- 1

Total score

___—93

Fruit jello salad-l
Rye bread

1 glass milk ------ 1
Han

Creamed potatoes-«2
Spinach ----------- 2
Pickles

Apricot ----------- 1

Whole wheat rolls
Chocolate chip)
is e cream

Total score If

 

Summary of Results for Each Day

Total—mgm.

Average mgm. Average Vitamin C

 

 

Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score

Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titrating iet
8/5 1595 15.4090 0.009892 7 9.5
6/8 1195 18.5523 0.01551\ 49 7
5/10 951 15.8294 0.01565 9 11
Average 1279.7 16.0236 0.01595 10.5

 

 

fi_‘~s-h“"x-:

 

 

 

 

.
.
k
V
I u
i
I
.
. ’ .
.
' v
" i
.
n . .

 

Identification

 

QoFo;
18 yrs., age;

+7.77% of ideal weight;

freshman;
66 inches,height;

Ate at dormitory;
140 pounds,weight;

1 cold during past winter

 

 

 

Lie. 2ecx~':rd Y"x;in_;,icore;:u‘:Lnfilzav
Mag 19 June 2 June 3
Foods Score ioods Score Foods acore
;' u ----- -u-u—13” ' 0' 1‘ f it_--~‘—-3 4 -P it ------- z
2 orange .2 Grace ru grapelru

Rice Krispies
Cinnamon toast

 

1
E‘Cup cocoa ----- '-2
Potato soup ...... -1
1 ass

1 serving spinaCh-2
Spanish rice------l
Graham bread &

butter
Custard

Salmon loaf &
tartar sauce

Fried potatoes----l

Tomatoes- --------- 3

Sweet pickles

3 radishes

Rye rolls & butter

Chocolate ice cream

Total score I5

Crapenut 3
Ci- nnamon to set
1 cup cocoa -------- 1

Bean soup & crackers
Potato chips

Hmn

Orange salad- ------ 2
Rye rolls & butter
Chocolate milk ----- 1

_”

Beef with olive)
gravy

Parsley potatoes---2

Cabbage-pineapple)

marshmallow salad-

Lolls & butter

Fresh strawberry)
ice cream ------- %

Iced tea

Hamburger

__Ué

Total score

Puffed rice krispies
Cinnamon toas
1 cup cocoa- ------- 1

Potato soup -------- l
Creamed veal &
noodles with cheese
Bacon-lettuce sandwich
Jello cubes with)
whipyed cream

Becf-cabbage-onion)
carrot ------ l
2 parsley potatoes-2
Roll a butter
Cherry tart with)
whipped crewn----l
Tea

Ice cream cone

_——9

Total score

 

_Frr

.41:

 

Q.F.; cont inued

 

Summary of Results for Each Day
Tot al mgm.. average mgm. Average Vitamin C

 

Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score

Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted ml. urine ti trating diet
5/19 1175 25.7070 0.02018 52 10
5/2 775 11.8251 0.01550 58 11.5
5/5 1010 20.4058 0.0202. 50 9.

 

Average 986 13.6453 0.01856 46.7 10.2

 

L‘ '5‘ .

0.0L 0 ’
19 yrs.,ege;
“30833 of

ideal weight;

S
i.1ches,heisht;

Ate
\ 126
1 cold during past winter

at dormitory
pounds,weight

c I?- '~
score fior Mach ya;

 

 

Max 3 Lia ll lie: 24
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
Oranges ----------- -5 K0 breakfast 30 breakfast
Bawn
Pecan roll
£11k --------------- 1
Chocolate bar
Celery soup -------- 3 Vegetable broth---—1 Vegetable soup ----- l
Rice-meat dish Hash --------------- 1 Chop suey ---------- 1
Whole wheat bread Corn fritter Spring salad ------- 2
Baked apple -------- 2 Whole wheat bread Date bread
molasses stick candy Banana salad ------- 2 Milk --------------- 1
Milk- -------------- 1 Milk --------------- 1
Dates
Weiners Meat balls heat loaf
Potato ------------- 2 Potato ------------- 2 Creamed potatoes-—-2
Beets--------------1 Sugared carrots) Green onions---~---%
Pineapple salad----l green onions ------ 1 Fruit salad ------- 1%

Roll
Iced tea

m

Milk ............... 1
Hamburger

 

Total score

"—TE.

Date cake with)
whipped cream
Coffee

Total score

Whole wheat roll
Chocolate cake
Coffee

 

Sll'i'iJl-EETE' Cf E95111 ts f7)“ Zach 3.31;!

 

 

 

 

Total mgm. Ave age mmi. Aterage iif&.r: C

Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes scor

Volume acid acid per before of

ff Urine erereted Ul. urine titreting di t

133’ 9.8027 0.00734 ? 12 5

1878 £3.5C7l C.Oi736 51 8

lFLB 16.23F7 0.01643 42 9
2Nemére= l4? 16.5?F2 C.CllSG 47 9 8

 

J‘vsefi

--l ~_—‘u\r‘s- A.

_ “__— _..__ _ v
.v_ _'——.‘

 

Ir:

 

:qu

2.F.; fre:};;
19 31‘3.,:.L1 64 1h.)
~45.“ o” ideal weight 1 e

 

. \
_..11; A
‘ '. # ‘

r.:*z,‘r.:1e"1t 1
ofd during pa

 

(Dd
dine)

CO

 

 

 

Lknr 2? 11-3 27 glee :

Focde ”core Foods icoxe Foods - Sc(rc
% rrerefruit ------ 3 i cragge ---------- 1% Lienef rdubarb ~~~~~ l
Cornflakes Cornflahes 3?;019 wheat teas
Thole wheat tenet nhole wheat t:a:t nilk—----~---------l
lilk--—--—- ------- 1 Lilk- ------------ -1

French tea.t .oast Lork Veal are noodles
Bacon Hetato s:led-----~2 Ibole.s1eat bree
Orange 1rd Tereto & lettuce) Eeach marshnallow) _

carrot sa-ad--~-2 salad----2 selad-- —————— -3
Milk ----------- --—1 rilk ------------- ~l 211w-— ------------ ~1
Chili JreadoF veal Beef roast
Mashed ociato ----- 2 Jahed Notato—-——--2 soiled potauo ----- -2
Lettrce 9.11ad xi th) Fresh peae--—-----3 C:"rot; i odioa----l
hussien dress r 5‘1 Bear salai---~-—-~1 3ci-cd cabbage-—~—-1
shale :be.at r3116 3011 Cierry tart with)
Tea Coffee “Lipped cream ————— 1
”Hole Wheat r=1l
Tea
Tctal score ifi Tetrl score 1e: Total score 8;

 

‘C
bumaary

Total
'Jcl rr‘e

.D T7 :60”.
6.3.. url'n

_- J.. -4

1161
842
62.

875.3

for
average ugm.
ascorbic
acid per
ml. urine

0.01461

0 1919

(.

O. C1722

T.‘ s" ‘ 1
“ace Lay

Average
minutes
beffire

titrating_

2" it an in
score
of

diet

C

___ r. '~"'."——"" 'i?

"“5.“ 4...:-

L“ x. e.

. 4;.“ “~4 fi‘ “9) -

w

I. H'V-zm‘_

A'AXL \J

 

 

Identification

 

m1? .
1010,

19 yrs., age

/' w o 1
-8.9‘/”e Of ideal we1gat

Diet hecord

L.
ireshaan

64 inches, height

1 cold during pas

ard Vitamin C Score f

Ate at dormitory

113 pounds,weight

t winter

1 .
or aaoh D;

 

 

max 27 June 2 June 8

Foods Score Foods score Foods Score
2 orange ---------- 1% Grapefruit --------- 3 2 grapefruit ------ 3
Toast and Jelly Toast Toast

Cocoa 1 cup ------- 1 Cocoa -------------- 1 Coffee

Tomato soup ------- 1 Has and eggs Meat sandwich
Crackers rotate chips Potato chips

Potato salad ------ 2 Bread Asparagus --------- 2
Meat loaf CucuMber salad ----- 1 Banana salad ------ 2
Tomato salad ------ 2 Milk -------------- 1
fireaded veal Roast beef Milk shake -------- 1
Fried potatoes----1 Eotatoes, gravy----2
Peas -------------- 3 Cabbage salad ------ 3
.Pear salad -------- 1 Roll Corned beef

. . q 1
holl.& butter Strawoerry sundae-«g Cabbage ----------- 1
Chocolate cake Iced tea Potato ------------ 2
Coffee Tea
Piiieapple sundae-~é- Candy bar

{Total score I3 Total score 15% Total score 12

 

Summary Of Results for Each Day

 

 

 

Total was. Average mgm. Average Vitaaih C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
lxrte of Urine excreted m1. urine titrating diet
5/27 2055 23.8602 0.01157 58 13
6/2 1845 19.7792 0.01072 24 10.5
5/8 1616 21 .2390 0.01314. 64 12
Average 1841.3 21.6261 0.01181 55.3 11.8

 

 

 

Idcrtification

 

' n
hobo;

23 yrs.,age

~6.7;‘3 of ideal weight
several

Diet Record

senior
66 inches,height

Does own cooking
On 5/4 & 5/5 at home
management house

colds and sinus trouble during past winter

. .' -1r‘
and Vitamin C bcore f.r Each Day

 

 

Max 4 1.182 5 his}; 19
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
Wheatema Canned grapefruit--5 1 orange ------- ----3
% cup loganberry) Poached egg Whole wheat flakes
juice ------- 1 Toast & butter 1 glass milk ----- --1
Toast & butter 1% cups cocoa--~—-lé
1 cup cocoa ----- ---l

Escalloped eggs

Muffins and Jan

4 stalks canned)
asparagus ------ --l

1% glasses milk----l%

Weiners

Potato salad ....... 2
Cheese

Hamburg pattie

Buns

Pickles

1 glass milk ------- 1
Pineapple pie
Coffee

___7:

Total. score

Rye bread
001d meat

BSCflllOped corn----l

Bran muffins & butter

Small grapefruit &}
apple-salad-2
Chocolate wafer

milk --------------- l

1 carrot

small serving)
onions ------- 1

Roll & butter
1 canned apricot---%

Total score

_—'16

Ham 8:; lettuce sand-
wich on whole;
wheat bread

milk shake- ----- ---1

 

meat loaf
Small serving)
fried potatoes----2

Green beans--—--~--2

Whole treat bread

Tomato-celery-
lettuce--~ ------ 2

Small dish rasp-
berries---------2

Cake

Small cup milk-----$

“—13?

Total score

"1 .n.__..___e _—

‘Qz-h A-.~.x.‘-..-._-~‘us—a_. Ag- -- .-

l"—

_.-- -u a.‘ .v._-_

AHA".

 

A.S.; continued

1 r‘a »‘_‘ ___

 

 

To a1 awn. Average mgm. Avexage Titania

Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of

Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titratiug diet

I

5/4 1069 18.0166 c.01685 101 7.5

5/5 957 21.5256 0.02228 60 10

5/19 684 57.1567 0.05432 58 15.5

 

Average 903.3 25.4993 0.03115 73 10.3

 

' -4). c‘--- ___-.. -

 

Q .
DU. 9

l yrs.,age

R) m

+5.07. of ideal weight

Diet Record and Vitamin C

Identificati,n

 

senior;

(Ate at sorority house

66 inohes,height;(at home management
(house 5/5 are 5/6
No colds during past winter

Score for Each Day

 

Maz;5

Foods Score

may 6

Foods Score

1118.1 25

Foods

 

Canned grape fruit—3
Poached egg

Toast & butter

1% cups c0coa-----l$

Eve bread

§
7

eat

Escalloped corn---1

Bran muffins

Small grapefruit &
apple salad ----- -2

Chocolate wafers

1 glass milk------l

l carrot )
Lmall serving)
onions )—---1
Roll & butter
Canned apricots-—-l

Toted. score 5

btewed prunes

French omelet

fihole wheat toast
Cocoa -------- — ————— 1

0 ram mus hm om)

soup
Crackers
Meat sandwiches
Relish
Baked apple--—--~--2
Milk -------------- ~l

Weiners

Potato salad ------ 1-2
Cheese

Hamburg pattie

Buns

Pickle

1 glass milk ------- 1
Pineapple pie

Total score

No breakfast

Split green pea soup
whole wheat bread
Grapefuit-cottage)
cheese salad ----- -2
Chocolate candy

Breaded veal

Parsley new)
potatoes -------- -2

Created asparagus-~E

Bread

Cherry cobbler

Coffee

Peanut butter sandwich

Total score 6

__ ___”- __ “__al
' o O

-‘-.._—-4-..-_. -‘n Oh-” -.

91...-.zliy—o .- _.-

 

[r1

Bih; continued

 

Summary of Results for Each Day

 

 

3‘ u s— _O-_. n J

3.. v.- V‘al—‘v‘

 

Total man. Average mgm. Average Vitamin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urin, escreted m1. urine __titrat ng diet
5/5 1130 26.9681 0.02387 68 10.5
5/6 1810 21.8846 0.01155 129 7
5125 740 19.7579 0.72570 43 6
Average 1226.7 22.6035 0.02074 80.0 7.8

 

 

4”—

. ’ JItJJ

 

Identification

 

0.8.; senior
21 yrs. , age
+8.9w of ideal weight

Diet Record and Vitamin C Score fior Each Day

Ate at sorority house
64 inches,height 136 pounds, weight
Several colds during past winter

 

 

 

 

 

 

.Maz 31 June 2 June 13
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
50 record No breakfast Ho breakfast
Date muffins Roast beef~gravy
Kidney bearlsalad) Mashed potato ----- 2
beans,celery,pickle 2 slices tomato)
1 slice canned ) with lettuce and
pineapple mayonnaise ------- 2
% slice canned)----l 3 cup corn -------- l
peach holl
Milk --------------- 1 Chocolate sundae
Strawberry sundae-5
Roast Canadian bacon Fr.pineapple)
Mashed potatoes- sundae --------- é
gravy ------- 2 Sandwich spread)
Carrots & peas ----- 2 sandwich
Iliilk “““““““““““ 1 COffee
Total score 7 Total score 6
Summary of'Results for Each.Lay
Total mgm. Average mgn. Average Vitazin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Ikrte “ of Urine excreted ml. urine titrating diet
5/23. 497 o6.3983 0.1536 15 no record
6/23 490 54.0059 0.06940 63 7
6/13 1290 52.4452 0.02515 15 5
Average 759.0 44.2835 0.07605 51 6.5

 

_w.

_u—u“ _...4_

I.

 

 

3080;
22 yrs.,age;
-0. 7m of ideal weigh

Diet Record

Ate at
I3138 pounds,
JSt winter

house
weight

sororit

afid Vitamin C Score for 3&Ch 3&3

 

L152 51 3‘1“}: 2 June 5
Foods Score FoodL ore Foods Score
%‘CUP canned) Ltewed rh.1barb—----1 2/3 cup canned)
grapefruit---—---3 Toast ure;efruit---——-3
"cast Coffee . “st
9

Coffee

 

203 st beef - gravy

Lashel potato-~----2

But‘ tered asparagus-E

Eoll

Graham crecher)
banana decrert-—~l

fl...—

oot beer

 

7" ' h 'A‘51
: resh pl? 940; re)
* <
SUF53€-----~~é
Orange float

*1
k)
(F
FJ
'0
O
'J
H
i4

 

Kidney bean salad)
beans,celery,pickle
Date muffins
Ijilk- -------- - ----- 1
1 slice Cznned)
pineapple
3 slice Canned
peach --------- --~-l

208st Canadizn bacon
Lashef potatoes)
gravy— ------ 2

Carrots and reas--—l

I: W'- 1

"L Lr‘----§-—-~.—--u--o

~~--uq
‘g\/.‘l_..

L

e

l

*fi‘fT
Ft

0
O

(2&3

can
W

I"
*v

C
H¢+H
\r+Cf
p

P
r- '

".
—

m
’(3 in l") *i

+40

'rJ
(‘3;5’T‘;
(J

S

*n
ro‘ O Q
5113.1 3"" 9.1
Lashed potato ————— 2
Asparztus-— ------- 3
Fresh 'srctlble

‘4

‘3,_";" LE4_Ii------L

O
G

-,O
QrJHém
m m¢+
.+;*
L.) t—
0
’V';
J
r!

(‘1 ('1 F1 kl)
:3" O P“

0
thOcum

‘fio
v'

k

0?“
W?

(,3 +1

('3 g;

’1') C1

Total score

CJ
'\ 0“.

 

—_—._ ..——._< _J’_

-AI.‘

if i_._ AgA-‘ _ .__-‘ “-M 4m.~a_‘ -

 

 

 

 

 

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3.3.; senior Ate at hone
éfl.yrg.,age El inchec,hei5ht 152 pougds,w0ight
+£0.6p of ideal weight to colds durirg past mirter
4:2 5 La? 12 new 17
v-w Q , q-g a .. - -—*"—— -
z:::€ :Jtrs :t“cs chfiW: F3032 L223:
*\ - _\ .. .
1 glass skigaei) A‘uoarb aucee ----- l 1 pint chocslate)
milk ------ ~l ruffed uheat with) milk ------- -2
3Litere' toast milk w .0r-r
Large tunafish salad) has Carrot,cabbage) meat & potatoes—---l
with fresh tomato-l celery & tomato) itewei tomatoes~——-5
& hard boiled egr salad----2 applesauce cake
Cherry jello with strawberry short— 1 glass skimmed)
d cremn cake—--—~l milk-------l

Q
1 Elisa skinned) 1 glass skimmed
milk ----- ~-1 Lilk-~——-l
Fig newtons

 

 

ti with bacon) Meat 1; eggs scrambled
to sauce---—l Calad-raw carrot) Bacon

1 3 cu; cottage cheese celery & tomato-~-2 l slic tomnt0-----l

Wilted lettuce ————— l. l.glassskimmed) 1.glas :linmed)
.Fresh Id;unpple-—--2 milk-~-----l milk-----—-l
Fig" newton .‘pplesauce cake

MAJ?

04 ee

 

 

.Pineapple ice Coca cola

 

Totafil score V Total score 5 Total score 9

-ii'=‘ ‘ .

 

' AA; n.- _I

13.8. , continued

 

Summary of Results for Each Day

 

 

 

Total agm. Average age. Average Vitamin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid yer before of
Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titrating diet
5/5 1107 17.1779 0.01552 68 7
5/12 1181 22.5401 0.01917 58 8
5Z17 1417 22.0070 0.01555 55 9
Average 1235.0 20.6085 0.01674 53.7 8

 

u.- _ ~51)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

F.C.; senior Ate at sorority
23 yrs.,age 64 inches,h:ight 5/4 at home management
-7.Loof idea weight house
18 pounds, weight ¥
1 cold during past winter' 1
Diet Dec 0rd and Vitasin ” Score for Each Day
Ma}: 4 Max 27 June 8
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
2 cup lcganberry) 1 orange, sliced---3 % cup applesauce---l *
juice- ----- 1 Toast—honey Toast-butter ;
Wheatena 00 fee Caffee i
Toast 5 butter 1 l .
1 cup cocoa----—~--1 § )
Escallopei eggs E cup a [le salad--2 3acaroni & che7~e . j
Muffins and jam Hamburg sandwich) * cup apple—bar‘.ana) :
4 stalks canned) with catsup salad- -------- 2 f ;
asyaragus------l milk- -------------- l Cinnar;on roll 3 .
1% glasses milk----l§ milk --------------- 1 3 '
i
z .
Frankfurters Frankfurters Slice? 1-4
Eotato salad ------- 2 :aurkraut ---------- l Creamed new peas)
Cheese Creamed :“tat088“*-2 & potatles ——————— ~2 '
Ebrflxirg gattie Rye bread Cabbage-carrot)
-un. rineaople,nhi oped) salad ------------- 2
Pickle cremu dessert Raisin bread
1 glzn:s milk ------- 1 Coffee Jello 31th orange,
1 _ . . ‘\ 0 ;
Elf.“- ‘10‘018 pie oanana dc upp_1_e-__..L I
“ Cof Me i
I
m___. L
Hint i c;
13 Inch -------------- 1
Cake
Huts
Toast

 

H
C)
C"
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Total 83

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9.8.; continued

 

 

 

 

 

Summary of esuits far Each.Day
Total 2 Average mat. Average Vitamin C
Total ascorbi ascorbic minutes score
Ynlug acid acid per before of
ate 0f Urirn excreted mi. urin. titrating diet 5

6/3* 1161 24.0619 0.02073 ? 9 g
5/4 1130 22.2616 0.01970 15 9 '
6Z7 1596 97.2649 0.06094 22 7
Average 295.7 47.8628 0.05379 20.5 8.5
a:

A midnight

Specimen which was not titrated until morning.

1 ”Mn-._—— .-—-_.“ -u—-.-;..~.—— .Vl’ile I \ .

 

 

~ _ ~.

 

Identification

 

 

 

H.S.; senior Ate at restaurant
20 yre.,age 69 indhes,height 160 pouado, weight
+12.7fi of ideal weight 1 cold during past winter
Diet Record and Vitamin C Score fi1r Lach 332,
Max 24 June 2 June 7
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
1 orange‘-----------3 1 orange--- -------- 3 1 orange-- -------- 3

 

Hamburg
Large glass grape-
fruit juice-~-----5

 

French fried)

potatoee- ----- —-2
CBTI‘OtS-------- ----- 1
Peas ................ 3

Cottage cheese

Rye bread

Small strawberry)
sundae---~--;

Ham salad sandwich
Coffee

Creams d cauli-
f10wer---—--~-1
Buttered green)

bear-LS" -------- 2
French fried)
potatoes ...... g

Cabbage salad------5
Small strawberry)
sundae-—-----_

NJJ

 

Total score

II;

Total score

"IIE

 

Haazsalad sandwich
Mud sundae

 

Veal stew,dunpling€
Mixed fruit salad-5
Rye bread
Butterscotch sundae
Coffee

Total score 6

 

SSW-“fir: of Results for Each Lay

 

 

 

Total mgm. Average mgL. average Vitaiih C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Ixrte of Urire excreted ml. urine titraticg diet
5/24 76‘.) 22.3372 0.02911 38 14.5
6/2 4.47 11.0522 0.02474 50 11.5
6/7 571 19.7883 0.03466 :32 6.

 

I‘ nan-c 2_-—-¢nm>;i)l ,- '

-11.-

-u‘-.-_.r-: JA—u-l

- . "A -ymr-u at "‘

 

 

Identification

 

1080;

21 yrs.,age

+6.l% of ideal weight

senior
66 inches,heieht

Does own cookirg
159 pounds,weight

l or 2 colds during past winter

Diet Record and Vitamin C Score fior Each Day

 

 

 

Max 5 Mai 10 May 31
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
1 orange ---------- -3 % grapefruit ------- 5 1 glass milk ------- 1
1 glass milk ------- l
1 apple ------------ 2

 

Meat sandwich with
lettuce &
mayonnaise

% serving chil con)

carve
Almond paste
1 glass milk ....... 1

 

1 slice corned beef

Macaroni & cheese

Creamed separagus)
on toast--~2

Lettuce,celery,
radish salad ----- 2

Chocolate pudding

1 glass milk ------- l

 

Total score I2

Goldenrod eggs

Creaned cabhaie----l

Tomato sandwich~-«o2

1 serving mixed)
fruit—---l

Cookies

1 glass milk- ------ l

 

Chicken noodle soup

Meat & lettuce)

sandwich
1 SeTV1ng apricots-1
1% glasses milk---_1%

Total score I55

Poached egg on toast

Canned pineapple---l
Toast and honey
Milk --------------- 1

 

 

Coca cola

Hash --------------- 1

Green peas ......... 3

Carrot-cucumber)
salad ------- 1

Canned pineapple---1
Cheese wafers
Coffee

___—5

Total score

2n..I-'a-

 

 

I.S.;continued

 

Summary of Results for Each Day

Total mgm. Average mgm. Average

Vitamin C

 

 

Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score

Volume acid acid per before ‘of
Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titrating diet
5/5 913 67.6082 0.07405 53 12
5/10 1476 22.0516 0.01493 56 10.5
§[31 2152 25.5929 0.01096 81 9
Avarage 151307 3707442 0005551 4607 1005

 

*“Lk-s.‘ _n - _

 

F"

r a

0
007.10,

27 vrs.,age

+19. 4i of ideal weight

Identification

 

senior
66 incles,height

‘oes own
may 6
management house
160 pounds,

cooking
ate at home

weight

1 cold during past winter

Score for Each Lay

 

liav 6 1.19.1 27 June 5
Foods bcore Po ode Score Feeds Score
Stewed prunes Tomato juice- ------ 3 Orange-pineapple)
French omelet ..'heaties Juice ------ 3
Whole wheat toast Coffee Wheaties
Cocoa ------------- ~l Sliced bananas ----- 8
Coffee

 

Crean of mushroom)

soup

Cr acirers
Meat sa hzich

lelishr
Baked apple -------- 2
Eilk- ------- - ...... 1
Potato mflad- ------ 2
Frankfurter
Cheese
Hamburg pattie
Buns
Pickle
1 glass milk- ------ 1,

P ineapple pie

_——7

Total score

Grai am waffles-syrup
Sliced peaches ----- 1
L1illz- .............. 1

Broiled steak
mashed potato-—----2

A8paragus ---------- 2
Tomato salad----~-42
Watermelon--~ ------ 5

Total score '_—II

 

Ham salad sa ndnich
Lemon coca cola

% pt.chocolate)
milk ---------- 1
Beepberrv ice cream-§

Baked ham

Potato chips

Cabbage salad ------ 3

Cherry pie --------- 1
Total score 15%

I ".1‘.—‘-‘ .; fa"

Alh.fl1I_ s...‘1-..n‘ -0-

 

 

 

   

_hu

J.S.; continued

 

Summary of Desults for Each “er

-ev~ gm”

 

 

 

 

Total mgm. Average mgm. Average Vitamin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score 1
Volume acid acid per before of 1
Date of Urine eycreted ml. urine titratifig diet ;
3
5/5 1430 21.4330 0.01499 9 7 ’
5/27 1039 17.4097 C.01676 ? 14 i
g/z 1715 29.9410 0.01745 ? 10.5
Average 1395.0 22.9279 0.0154; ? 10.5
km.

 

 

.HL‘J- I‘."Vl~‘v 3

 

Identification

 

 

 

K.S.; senior; Does oxn COC {ing
22 yrs.,age; 63 inches,height; 150 pourds,weight
+5.7p of ideal weight 2 colds during past vinter
Diet hecord and fiat Tin C Score fior Eacli Day
May 2 June 1 June 8
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
(Approximate record ) Lemon juice ----- ---5 Lemon juice--—-—---3

(of foods containing) "rnned pineaopl e---l

(vitam C Toast
5 grapefruit—----3 Apple butter
; mip raw} Ccffee
cabbage ------- -3
% cup rhubarb----l

Vegetable steW---l

 

Chocolate cake
Butterscotch tart

Scrambled eggs

Cabbage-carrot)
salad------~2

Milk- -------------- 1

 

Toasted cheese)
sandwich

Pickles

Celery

Buttered peas---~--3

Toterl score 5 Total score I6

Toast & butter
Orange marmalade---§

Cake
Strawberry'shcrt-
cake--~-l

 

Celery
Canned peaches----—1

 

Cold meat sandwich
Buttered peas ------ 3
Celery-pickles)
lettuce salad--~-l
Bananas & cream----2

Totel score 11%

1_——.‘ __4._ I-_.——_~'——._.—--'r—-_'_A lag—W5 :n 1

 

 

_-.‘__u__ I" i
._

 

3.8.; continued

 

Summary of Results for Each Day

 

 

 

25211 mgm. Average mga. Average Vitamin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted m1. urine titrating diet
5/25 2920 24.5592 0.009411 20 a
5/1 2314 21.9486 0.009495 24 10
5[a 2225 28.0079 0.01259 29 11.5
Average 2486.5 24.8585 0.01016 24.3 9.8

 

‘4._.g. .m

_._-._4-:—=.o—_.- _.. ‘4-

.E-mj- J. m‘buh- .A-m: _n-.A-:--.‘—. .9. "r114.

 

L080;

21 yrs.,age

~z.0% of ideal weight

Identification

 

senior
66 inches,height

Ate at sorority house
May 6 ate at home
management house

128 pounds, weight
1 cold during past winter

Diet Record and Vitamin C Score for Each Day

 

 

Mag 6 313'! 26 June 5
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
Prunes Ehubarbu --------- --l Applesauce --------- 1
French omelet Toast Whole wheat toast
Whole wheat toast Coffee Coffee

q

Cocoa~---- ....... -1

 

Cream of mushroom)
soup

Crackers

Meat sandwich

 

Relish

Baked apple-—-----2
hilk- ““““ «I- ------ l
Frankfurters

.Potato salad------2
Cheese

Hanburg patties
Buns

Pickles

1 glass milk ------ l
.Eineapple pie
Coffee

Total score ‘7

Cheese sauce on)
toast

Fear 2 banana)
salad---------2

milk--~~-""“""1

2 servings chili
Cabbage salad- ----- 3
Rolls

Coffee

Chocolate cake

Aoplesauce-- ------ -1
Bread
Tot al score 35

 

macaroni a tomato~-1
Apple-date salad—--2
29:11}: ------------ 1
Cookies

Small sausages
Creamed potatoes---2
Applesauce --------- 1
Carrots and peas
(small serving)--2
$11k ----- ------_-_-1
Strawberries &
cream-----3

Tot a1 s00 re

.ha— M
A

 

“:4: '4 A-.. — ‘ Ins—2'

? TAIL

 

__. ‘1 un:——’-‘-fl ‘La‘ :d.n-.ro.--r4‘ 4 ;r; .x‘M-a» -

 

 

I lle‘ \I'i .1 n

L.3.; continued

 

o. . 4- :: .. ¢ 4' .' 1--
ginger; 0. .ee'l.s ior Bean Bag

 

 

 

fetal 253. Average new. Average Vitamin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic ginutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titrating diet
5/6 1J17 13.c59l 0.01284 113 7
5/26 554 54.7217 0.06267 ? s
51; 997 31.4562 0.03155 ? 14
Average 856.0 26.4123 0.03569 9.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

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iieal weigbt

Diet Record

Identification

 

senior
65 inches,heiglt
no cold 8 duri Lg;

axe Vitamin C Score for

L a ls at hon:
po Hula we-ght
st winter

CD

Each Lay

 

May 26

Foods Score

E0 breakfast

Liverworst sa:1diich
Banana ------------ -2

 

Tuna fishsila king

Potatoes ....... ----

ASparagus ------ --~-

Raw vegetable-
gelatire salad---2

Ginger ale float~
ice cream

Cookies

[\3 2‘0

Chili con carne
Wilted lettuce----~l

 

Ham sal

Ea 31

.1;
‘)

.ods

K0 breakfast

Tuna fish 84175371031
Orange ------ - ...... 3

Band-L :ch
Fudge sundae

Beef roast

Cabbage salad-~----3

Bread

Score

Foods Score

’—

Ko breakfast

Tuna fish sandwich

Orange _____________ 3
Tomato juice ------- 3
Veal steak

Sweet potato ------- 2
Green beans--------2
Orarge Ice ......... 1
Strawberry short-

cake~——-l

 

 

 

 

Total score 9 Total score 6 Total score 12
Sundarv of n g~1 s far Each 3n
Total ugn. Average mgm. Average Vitwtin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
Inate of Urin excreted ml. urine titratiug iet
5/25 689 18.1976 0.02585 33 9
5/31 565 28.7183 0.05083 29 6
5/4 987 37.175182 0.03781 31 12
11V19r3E6 747.0 28.1780 0.03850 31 9

 

1

--!.-_..‘. arr ._.

u._. ._ _.

Aflflx -

 

 

fill-n. alrié

.‘ J11I|LIIII

 

 

 

 

 

 

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r . , ~ x...» 1. 2 - 4- : -- :- -¢ - ‘. .

1 J? ., {e L»; --.c-;e.‘,_i€-¢--o L... ., .Lz;.3 at liege
.
+15.4Z of ifle .al "eicrt 1 azarrment honzw
1 1‘ . - w' 9‘ ’ m‘ ‘
_L a A 7.39 i, E.,." :r‘ib
. -~,: - o, , _.- 4. .
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4“...- *—
1 -: , ‘ —1 :. “~nl ~
‘:-_L b.) 1".“ ." uC‘-“ -"- {LE ~L\“3
'; ., ‘ ‘ a :- .’. A, 1‘ . ° imfl - I‘
-DLJQGU EL“ 1 buuuLu ------ ~~--~ 1T8?! OIUCJ=LLH*“’-~
_s. d A 1.5
~-' 3 P Qq - 0‘ '7 h“ .‘- \ fl 01“ r» '
Gangs- 1c e_.r1t-~L roast - jam cra‘rurts
r".-. - A, ('1... r1-- _ 3‘
-Jatt ‘VQAJLBB i'xi.ct " “.411.
1 a
‘ .. .1 . .
L4 CUyC COCC&~---*ad
7-- A ,3 .~,-,¢1.11 o h 4° 1. \
‘...e Jr'ja‘ Luca!» Owl-L “pathetbl‘cleCSCI
“A“ -\ -":‘(.‘1 ' . 1’_
acid meat Alta“ green pepper-«---w
1-4”} .. \ ‘ - .
CulTCt-.Lnut UN e; Jledd
-\ 1 "7. - \
Laiad ------- i bananu,fr'€-,
n 1 , .. .’ , W .‘ . . ‘ P
ascail o corr--—-i Canned plums-------i PlLegff¢e ........ é
_ r‘ -V
. 9 white Cale gale

Gnocolate waiers
1 £18.89 51'. 1

 

l carrot )

Small serving)—----1
onio ns )

Roll

Canned apricot ----- 1

illil.::---"—-~-O--—---..l

Baked h‘n

Creaued potatoes---2
asparagis~ --------- 2
Tamato salau-—-—---2
Cinnamon rolls

Fru it pud 511 up

Cake

Total score 1e

3

 

CI‘E‘ 111'. CC‘ ne

 

readed veal chops

1 small potatc-—---2
Tomato-gelatine)

C

Rhubarb

devilled egg galua-1
00.ed caoba e)
carrots- .......... -1

O
-‘ b----——§--
1.1.. 1

 

Total

"2
C
*3
H
(D
1

A4

' .2.¢‘h-».- as A..z.‘“

"AL." “ )‘y’

-- "-.

VA

 

_‘D-JA—

{Fl-i iii i.

 

‘-“’“’ “I: r

 

003-;

00 1.1 inue cl

 

 

 

 

Summary of nesults for ma 381
20181 mgL. Average mg Average Vit1Lin C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes sccr
Voiume acid 3011 per before of
Date of Urive excreted m1. urine titrating diet
5/5 1389 26.9613 0.01941 56 10.5
5/19 1142 28.8809 0.02488 64 10
§/20 803 28.9850 0.08810 35 9..
Average 1111.3 28.1021 0.02678 51 10

 

_‘J’.' ‘W: F 'C . r

'..4 chi-1.0“

L" n‘u‘t

 

 

B030;
21 yrs., age
-8. 5p of ideal W815

Diet Recozfi and Vitamin C Score fior

 

lit

senior Ate at sorority house
65 inches, height 117 pounds, weight
2 colao oozing rast winter

 

May 11

 

 

 

Foods ac‘re Foods Score Foods ocore
1 glass milk-------l 2 cup fresh) Bran flakes
Sweet roll pineapple ------ -3 1 glass milk ------ -l
1 glass gilk ------- l
Toast
Potato souffle-----l % cup towato juice—5 Meat loaf

Creamed peas &
carrots-~---~-—2
tablespoon)

Hott g cheese-
Groham brezd
Chocolate pudding)

with wh. cream

1
2

Chop suey--- ...... -1
Rice

Roll

.Peach marmalade

2 glasses wilk—----2
Liarbl 3 cake

___—7

Total score

Aacon

Creamed potatoes 1
fresh oea.--- ----- 2

Calb age-carrot)
salad---- -------- -2

1 glass milk ------- 1

% stuffed baked)
potato--~---—---l
Veal croquette
Creamed canned)
fea~-~ ---------- 1
3 slices toaato--—-2

r '1

1101

1 gla% smilk- ------ l
Totsl score 17

Cucumber sandwich--l
slices tomato---~3
eggs
ot.chocolate)

milk ----- ------1
slices ice cream-

muowu

(\D

L fruit cocktail)
with pineapple,
apricot,cherries--l

Roast beef

“18.8118“ potato- ----- 2

% cup diced beets --1

g cup crezmed)
aSparagus-~-------l

Touato- cu umber)

sala d- -~-—~ ------ 2
Strawberry short-)
cake ........... ---1

% can tomato juice-3

 

IA:

Total score

1w —. ___._A U

 

E.- “.3.»Il——44 “# '_.‘.I%'—' I

5|

 

 

 

 

 

“.L.; co1tinrei
Luaoagy of Results for Each Day
Iotel man. Average L51. average Vita in C
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes scor
volume acid acid per before of
Late of Urine excreted ml. urine titrating diet
5/11 1903 15.5986 O.C1528 33 7
5/27 903 17.8426 0.01985 28 17
5/31 1521 19.1656 0.01451 24 17
Average 1976.3 17.4689 0.01654 28.3 13.7

 

 

guise; 831-101.
21 yrs., age 70 incues,heith

1-8.8fl of ideal Weight

Ate at sorority house

6/2

ate at home
management house

160 pounds, weight

1 cold during past winter

 

 

 

Diet Record and Vitaain C Score for Each gag
Max 6 Mag 11 June 2
Foods Score Foods Score Foods Score
Prune. Tomato Juice---~---3 Prunes
Toast holston Cornmeal
Coffee Cinnamon toast Toast
Cocoa ------------ ~-l milk --------------- l
Botato salad ------ 2 Creamed eggs on) Carrot-cabbage)
joking powder). muffets salad ------- 2
biscuits Fruit salad with) Whole wheat bread
Honey orange,banane, Apricots ------- ----1
Fresh pineapple---2 apple ---------- --3 Milk --------- - ----- 1
Milk-------------~l
Tea Salmon loaf
Tea cake Baked potato-—-~---2
Tooatoes-«--- ------ 3
Fresh pineapple &
Efloast beef Pct roast strasberries-----3
j3rowned potatoes-~2 P0tato---- --------- 2
Toummo salad------2 Buttered carrots---l “'
(Saracts ----------- l Celery Fresh strawberry
Cluzcolate cake Fresh pineapple~---2 sundae ---------- -%
Coffee Crackers

Total score 15 Total score

102

Total score

i3;

un¢4~ .n'

-.-_s- -—- ——- m—.q——_..E~._ ‘.

t .

 

Q.S.; continued '

 

Summary of Results for Each Day
Total mom. Average mli. Average Vitaein C
L c -

 

Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score 5
Volume acid acid per before of

Date of Urine excreted ml. urine titrating diet

5/6 517 8.5712 0.01019 101 10

5/11 428 15.8477 0.05705 40 12

e12 854 21.9952 0.02575 49 13.5

 

O

Q
(‘3
0‘0
1))
[U

Average 599.7 15.4040

(3

63.3 11.8

 

 

 

11f

Identification

 

h.3.;22 vrs., age senior Ate at sorority house
+4.21 of ideal weight 52 inches,height 125 poun s, weight
2 colds during past winter

Diet Record and Vitamin C Score for Each Dag

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. Max 18 _ Kav 24 , guns 1 ‘
Foods score Foods Score Foods Score
% cup orange) 2 cup orange) % grapefruit ------- 5
' juice ------ ~--4 Juice— ------- ~4
Spaghetti and meat Bacon-tomato-cheese) mashed potato with)
Iluffin sandwich -------- —2 meat & gravy ----- -2
.ledium apple ------ —2 35 nana,peach, straw-) Freslirhuberb ------ 1
milk-- ----------- --l berry,grapefruit) 1 glass milk ------- l
Lettuce & beet) salad ----------- -5
salad —————— l 1 glass milk ------- l
-g doughnut
Fudge Veal
Veal Peas & carrots ----- 2
Au gratin potatoes-2 Lima beans--- ------ 1
Fresh peas----~----3 Creamed veal 5 celery Butterscotch pie
Gelatine-carrot) 1 sodium potato--—-l Iced tea
salad- -------- 1 :mall fresh tomato-2
Cake Caze
Coffee Coffee Coca cola
Cake ;
tloca cola Cake
l
E
Total score II Total score 13 Total score . 15 i
t
i
i
Summary of Results for Each Ea; ’
“’ :otal ufin. Average uga. aVC1aEe Vitamin 3
Total ascorbic ascorbic minutes score
Volume acid acid per before of
luate of Urine evcreted ml. urire titrating diet
”/fiie 1055 105.12 04 0.09985 55 i4
1
5/034 921 85.5598 o.t9049 55 15
5,P1 805 55.9179 0.04224 45 19 I
—_— l
,— I
vaexrage 925.7 74.1260 0.07752 35.3 12.3
1

 

 

 

 

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