II III I 117 136 HTHS A SUGGESTED REORGANIZATION OF CERTAIN PRIMARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS OF ANTRIM COUNTY MICHIGAN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SCHOOL FINANCE Thesis for the Degree of M. A. Willet “I. Mathers I936 it! :11! .u‘i 1- ...- .. a? . XI..W.....I 1"” D. 1 E5 “#2 ii‘fflfiazw .arJn-n V'. j 4 . " _. I 4 4 W'ffivw“? ~M-t - ‘ ‘9. C. _.v~a ’ 01”“ ”P" A . p‘. . ‘ . d .- "mar" ‘* ' . ... .. ...4.-—§9.-orr—1WWT;‘7J ' r ‘- --.- . ‘ '_ l‘,r;.‘v" .' r a..o. , - . -';' - V‘ I ' J 1: ‘<}J' ~ ‘ .J ' "'- '3‘ $‘. .'.§I? ‘v 23:91? a r .d I _ _ ' fi . I _‘ . . A . . 4 _< , r...’ v? ’_- f»- o p‘.~. .‘u4. ' "" — v- . ' A 0‘ g is. :5va44. 1- .' .5 y': 0 4-6 I. f" ' .‘f ,‘a' -4 2 , 2744?». \« _;.‘ “\ ti} ‘' .':“..:r x .{5 ; 5‘ M544; «:1 “gm-4,4 r- L‘ L:- " . , ‘. . 34:? .‘s W‘ ’7 "-5 J, .i“. .4151, <5» 1435» ‘ .- . at ‘~ ’- U ‘ .I I ‘ I?- x 4- .r' . phi-'3 ' I I . ‘pfi‘ n: “ ' T- (‘22: ”f? . :1" 53" ‘1’. I ’ t’:. “W: .‘k’II. 1' . g _ “six.- . g ‘ - 4.‘ ’ 0 " .v- 't— fly."- ' 1.: J: ‘ H? 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"$1.. ‘,"3.‘ £4 f I 4; 44,&u;"..-§a3;§”~“~ ‘- WM. , ' sflfififi‘. .' . . "TV- :km’EN t1". - - r ”' I ' fl '9}. I$hgkafi~£¥ ‘- ‘ ' 0-. ,Ir' ’3‘ r ._ '. v, ’ I" ,~ $1 1;? ‘4’. - .. "f: ,_s u ”v‘ O» “ . .k.‘ . .9 c "’ .« 4. I *z' I - I 1' g u . . J. I" ’ 4 ~ «w: .4; . w: .‘kagwfixfl " ‘4' l 1-} ' . .(: {17 J NIH ‘xv‘v' . V. " ' .3343‘fl‘. If ' -- iq' £I' In L. "v I ‘f ‘\ . him?" \g‘fii . ' a 5‘”: .- 0 ""'.""\"; ‘ :‘ 'y'fit‘ll‘hgk . T~Q',<_'nu ' m . d" ,f- -....‘ (r A SUGGESTED EORGANIZATION OF CERTAIN PRIMARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS OF ANTRIM COUNTY MICHIGAN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SCHOOL FINANCE BY WILLET JOHN MATHERS A THESIS SUBMTTED IN PARTIAL FUIJ‘IILMENT OF THE REQUIRED-Elms FOR THE DEW OF MASTER OF ARTS AT MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE EAST LANSING, MICHIGAN 1936. 731cm”! , J THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED UNDER THE DIRECTION ‘ OF DR. E. L. AUSTIN Valuable assistance was received from.Mr. L. L. Close, and Miss Meyers of the State Department of Publication Instruction. 1.033615%} TABEE OF CONTENTS Section List Of GraphSOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.. List or mapBOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOO0...... List or TableSOOOO0.0.0.000...OOOIOOOOOOOIOOO I. IntrOductionoooooooooooooocoooooooooooooooooo II. A. B. C. Delinutation............................. Purpose.................................. Antrim.County............................ 1. Reason for Selection.................. 2. Location and Geography................ 3. Population and Industry............... The Primary Schools at Present.............. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Qualifications of Teachers............... Salaries of Teachers..................... Classification of School Buildings....... Pupil Enrollment......................... Total of Expenditures.................... Tax Rates................................ sumarYOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.0.... III Page 10 12 13 Page III. Suggested Plan of Reorganization.............l4 A. Existing Plans........................... 1. Consolidated School Districts......... 2. County Unit........................... 3. Township Unit......................... 4. modification of the District System... B. Suggested Methods for Reorganization..... IV. maintenance Cost........................... A. The Maintenance Cost 1934-1935........... B. Maintenance Cost to Districts Which Send Their Children to Another’School......... C. maintenance Cost to Districts Which Receive Children from Other Schools...... V. State AidOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.00.0000... A. The Present Thatcher-Sadr.Allowance...... B. Thatcher-Saur Gross.Allowance after combiningOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO VI. Comparisons of Maintenance Costs........... VII. Summary and.Problems for'Further Study..... VIII Conclusions................................ IX. Bibliography............................... 1. AppendiIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.9.0... 14 14 14 15 16 16 22 22 24 26 26 26 29 54 44 47 49 51 LIST OF GRAPES Graphs Page 1. maintenance Cost of the Suggested Reorganized Primary Schools Before Reorganization and After the Suggested Reorganization...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. 43 LIST OF MAPS Maps Page 1. The Location of Antrim.County............ 3 2. The Present School Districts, Showing the Location and Types of Schools............ 20 3. The School Districts After the Suggested Reorganization Location and Types of Schools, and Suggested Bus Routes........ 21 LIST OF TABLES Tables Page I. II. III. IV. VI. VII. VIII IX. XI. XII. Population in Antrim County as Indicated by the census Of 1910’ 1920, and 1930.00.00.0000000000 4 Degree or Certificate of Primary School District Teachers of Antrim County, l935................ 5 Salaries of Teachers in the Primary School Districts of Antrim.County Michigan, 1935...... 6 Number and Percentage Distribution of Pupil Population.According to the Number of Pupils EnrOIIOdOOOOOOOOOO00......OOOIOOOCOOOOOOOOOOIOO 9 Number of’Pupils, Total of Expenditures and Cost per Pupil, 1934~1935...................... 10 Valuation Per Child by the Number of Districts, and the Percentage of Districts in Each Cla831f1cation0000000000.0..OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 12 Suggested Reorganized Grouping of School DistrictSOOOOOOOOOOOO0.000000000000000000000000 18 The Total Maintenance of the Primary School Districts by Schools and by Suggested Groups Before Reorganization, 1934-1935............... 22 Total maintenance Cost of Transportation and Tuition to Districts Combining With Other School Districts.According to the Suggested Reorganized PlanCOOOOOOIOCO0.00.0.0...OOOOOOOOOOOO0.0...... 25 School Aid Distribution Proposed in Act 236, P. A., 1955 as Amended by Act 192, P. A. 1935..... 27 The Gross Allowance of the Primary School Districts Based on the Number of Teachers and Pupils Before the Suggested Reorganization 1935 28 The Total Thatcher-Saur Transportation and Tuition Allowance Based on the Number of Pupils and the Length of the Routes. (Reorganized Plan) 30 Tables XIII. XIV. XVI. XVII. XVIII XIX. The Total Tax, Tuition, and Primary Receipts of the Reorganized.Primary Schools Which Maintain SChOOI’ 1935.00.00.0000000000COCOOIOOOOOO00...... The Total Thatcher-Saur Gross.Allowance for the Suggested Reorganized Primary School Districts Which Maintained School, 1935.................... The Total Budget of the Suggested Reorganized Primary School Districts Which.Maintained School. Comparisons of maintenance Costs By Individual School Districts Before and After the Suggested Reorganization................................... Comparisons of maintenance Cost by Groups Before and After the Suggested Reorganization........... The Difference Between the Present Thatcher-Sour Gross Allowance and the Present Maintenance Cost. The Difference Between the Maintenance Cost and the Thatcher-Saur Gross Allowance.After Combining VII Page 31 37 39 41 A SUGGESTED REORGANIZATION pg; CERTAIN PRIMARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS _C_)_I_"_ ANTRIM COUNTY MICHIGAN my; SPECIAL REFERENCE 39 SCHOOL FINANCE I. Introduction. A. Delimitation. In this study the primary school will be defined as schools having grades from.l-8, No reorganization will be considered which would necessitate any building projects. The term.'maintenance cost' will be considered as the total money spent by the school district for school purposes except debt service and capital outlay. The empha- sis will be placed on school finance with other items held as constant as possible. Any improvements in instruction or teaching facilities which might result from the suggested reorganization will be inciden- tal so far as this study is concerned. B. Purpose. It is the purpose of this study to suggest a reorganization of certain primary school districts for the purpose of utilizing the existing facilities to the best advantage and to compare the main- tenance cost of the suggested reorganized system with the present maintenance cost. The problem of school reimbursement in the form of the present Thatcher-Saur Act‘l) will be discussed; and comparisons (1) 1935 Immediate Effect Acts Compiled by Orville E. Atwood, Secretary of the State of Michigan, p. 206-215. made of the gross allowance(2) before and after the suggested reor- ganization to determine the advisability of carrying out the suggested reorganization wholly or in part. This information should be useful in determining the practicality of forming larger school districts and might contribute some indication of the expected outcomes of a county unit school system. C. Antrim.County. 1. Reason for Selection. Antrim county was selected because the writer has spent most of his life there and therefore has a natural interest in it. Also this county was selected as one of the five typical counties in the study made by the State Commission of Inquiry into County, Township, and School District Government, which was created by the Enchigan legis- lature in 1931. The people of the county are interested in reorgani- zation as evidence by the Helena Township Unit School and a present discussion on organizing Banks Township into a township unit. There is a need for sound financial information regarding reorganization and transportation of children. 2. Location and Geography. IAntrim.county is located in the northwestern part of the lower peninsula on the eastern shore of Grand Traverse Bay. The land is rolling and quite rugged in some localities. Large elongated lakes on the western side present an obstacle to efficient, and economical combination of school districts. (2)..A term employed in the Thatcher-Saur.Act meaning the amount of money determined from the number of pupils and teachers per school under the provisions of this Act. -3- 4am— “? 44 KE .5 ups-man Monsoon L" I. ’ L.-_, r ,sAmfj 60cm . .J.._. _ __, L... RON 4 'MARQUE'I’TE i 8 i ! Luca ‘ I \_\.! i—~---1 iii: SCHOOICRIIFTF _._ CHIPPEWA 'WWI. T_..i DELTA . i MTéK—lfiA-C—‘Ifi ‘- l I //°.d a - 9 . mm: ° ( i m. (,7 , W ' J { I/ 9 \ \\\ --1 mm ‘ i, LELLANAU\ \ . I _‘L.m T-u ! 0 ' ’ dour \0 015an umlm \' Liam: I —-—L—.._+._. stun? GRAND [Wimwrom oscom! ALCONA MANISTEfJ fried Kgimcommiocgunw'. ESE-O S . _i .fi4T L V' 'T ‘N hlmm 3: ““50"! LAKE osccouu cum: :Emwuj'. t ._ V—u— . Iuy HURON 8 . com NW "“305“ mawmeL-L _!_._- t “-1 ion-Ion.” rm WWW-L! WSW“ LWILAC “WK-[mg jh—-+-— —-f-' L—TJ- ° _.._. '0 OTTMA' KENT ! IONIA CUNTONIW! “”53 I 31' CLAIR ‘ mam mm was Incum'uvnssmu' W0 , I" L I I j ! vmwmlwuooj moan ! mason gwmuwj wmu I.._._i_._. 1.. l “55 ISJOSU'HB’W‘C” imam] merj [mos Ihp l. The Location of Anti-in County. I I LTLLL- -4- 3. Population and Industry. The population of the county reached its peak with the flourishing of the logging and lumbering industries following the Civil War. Since 1900 the population has continually decreased with the waning of the lumber until 1930 when the increasing interest in agriculture and resorting stopped the tide, Table I below. In the last few years there has been a movement back from.the industrial centers and the school population has increased. Due to poor soil and climatic conditions the eastern side of the county has had the most rapid decrease in pupulatiion. The extension of fruit growing and increasing recreational activities may tend to increase the population in the western section. TABLE I POPULATION ANTRIM COUNTY'AS INDICATED BY THE CENSUS or 1910, 1920 AND 1930 (2 I Census T°'n3hip lfi’ 1910 1920 1930 Banks 1603 1404 1220 Central Lake 1482 1196 1023 Chestonia 512 517 368 Custer 591 333 304 Echo 721 675 340 Elk Rapids 1775 780 695 Forest Heme 967 732 623 Helena 762 369 424 Jordan 496 458 348 Kearney 1371 750 662 Hancelona 2560 2431 2275 Nfllton 737 744 591 Star 957 530 529 Torch Lake 329 257 254 Warner 829 367 323 Total 15692 11543 9979 (2). Fifteenth Census of the United States, V01. I, 1930. II. The Primary Schools at Present. A. Qualifications of Teachers TABLE II. DEGREE 0R CERTIFICATE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL DISTRICT TEACHERS OF‘ANTRIM COUNTY 1935 Degree or Certificate Number Percent w Bachalor of Science Degree 1 1.6 Bachelor of Arts Degree 3 4.7 Life Certificate 23 35.9 First Grade 13 20.3 County Normal 24 37.5 Total 64 100 The table shows that 57.8% have less than a life certificate and only 6.3% have degrees. It is evident that more adequately qualified teachers are needed in the county. -5- B. Salaries of Teachers. TABLE III. SALARIES OF TEACHERS IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS 0F ANTRIM COUNTY MICHIGAN. 1935 Township District Number Salary 3280.00 1080.00 450.00 340.00 405.00 585.00 555.97 630.00 337.50 510.00 585.00 450.00 320.00 307.69 585.00 495.00 500.00 558.36 450.00 450.00 405.00 450.00 340.62 405.20 480.00 448.50 535.00 450.00 772.35 450.00 540.00 380.00 405.00 333.60 450.00 405.00 400.00 459.20 450.00 0.60 tral Lake 9 033338b333333 3383 Ch stonia C) 3.1.. 0 H US$33 :21 o o r: a a a 3 F0 est Home R n N E’ 0 c4 OUQNI—‘PNHOGNHU‘PUNHO’UIObO}I-‘O‘JGHCDCDUIIFUN(DQOIOIVPUINH 33333m338333 (Continued on Page 7.) (Continued from.Page 6.) Township District Number Salary Mancelona $405.00 I! 450.00 495.00 588.84 450.00 1215.00 585.00 495.00 495.00 360.00 405.00 405.00 380.00 540.00 180.00 695.50 Star fl 0 Torch Lake 1! '0 warner a NQPNPNPI‘FGNHGU‘IFUN Total Salaries 327058.93 Average $466.53 The median salary is $464.28. -8- 0. Classification of School Buildings. There are two two-room.schools and fifty-five one-room.schools in the county. A study of the quality of the schools was made by the State Commission of Inquiry into County, Township, and School District Government which was appointed by the legislature of the State of Michigan in 1931.”) The schools were divided into three groups namely, standard schools, schools which approached standard, and poor schools. The standard schools were those which had fulfilled the state requirements for standard schools and had been awarded their standard plates. "In classifying schools which were not standard, the following factors were taken into consideration: the general state of repair of the building, including the condition of the floors, walls, seating equip- ment, and cloak room; the lighting, heating, and ventilating system; the sanitary conditions; and the nature and condition of the grounds and play ground equipment. In general, the schools in the second group had fulfilled more than 50 percent of the standard requirements. There appeared to be such a wide divergence in the third group or poor schools that it became ad- visable to classify them again as fair, poor, and very poor schools.”(2) There were 9 standard schools in the first group, 10 schools that were near standard in the second group and 25 schools that were poor in the third group. Of the schools in the third group there were 11 that rated as fair, 11 as poor, and 3 as very poor. Fifteen schools were not rated because they were closed at the time of the survey. (l) Thrun, F;M., Rural School Organization in Michigan, p.2. (2) Ibid, P6 6.7. This information indicates that there is a decided need for improve- ment in the housing conditions of the primary school districts of the county. D. Pupil Enrollment. TABLE IV. NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PUPIL POPULATION ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF PUPILS ENROLLED Pupils per Room. Number of Schools Percent of Schools 0 - 5 2 3.4 6 - 10 10 16.9 11 - 15 12 20.3 16 - 20 18 30.5 21 - 25 7 11.9 26 - 30 3 5.1 31 - 35 6 10.2 36 - 40 O 0.0 41 - 45 1 1.7 This table shows that 71.1 percent of the schools have less than 21 pupils and that 50.6 percent have 15 pupils or fewer. It would seem that many of them could.be combined with a saving in money. -10- E. Total of Expenditures. TABLE V. NUMBER OF PUPILS, TOTAL OF EXPENDITURES, COST PER PUPIL. 1934-1935. Township District Number of Grand Total of Cost per Number Pupils Expenditures Pupil Banks 1 5 $420.45 $84.09 ” 2 34 1631.68 42.45 7 3 20 848.95 42.45 " 4 11 591.93 53.81 ” 5 16 724.45 45.21 " 6 21 1096.67 52.22 " 7 32 905.19 28.299 " 8 17 923.06 54.30 Central Lake 2 14 466.87 33.35 " ” 3 18 1136.46 63.14 " ” 4 28 1403.42 50.12 " " 5 19 1007.41 53.02 " " 8 20 744.19 37.21 " ” 9 12 518.02 43.17 Chestonia l 17 941.30 55.37 " 3 21 1170.64 55.74 " 6 9 1071.45 119.05 Custer l 22 757.91 34.45 " 2 17 1434.17 84.36 " 3 8 784.47 98.06 " 4 19 676.84 35.62 ” 5 13 727.98 56.00 " 6 19 687.18 36.17 Echo 1 13 462.42 35.57 " 2 16 719.04 44.94 " 3—- 35 997.75 28.51 ” 4 17 783.88 46.11 " 5 16 1000.75 62.54 Forest Home l 17 711.06 41.83 " " 2 23 1372.61 59.67 ” ." 4 8 509.05 63.63 " ” 5 8 653.07 81.63 " " 6 31 1069.61 34.50 Jordan 1 11 736.00 66.91 " 2 14 778.50 55.61 ' 4 9 643.40 71.49 Kearney 1 18 698.37 38.79 " 2 25 740.57 29.62 " 4 9 642.31 71.37 " 5 28 744.19 26.57 " 6 11 662.61 60.24 " 7 10 642.36 64.24 W (Continued on Page 11.) -11- (Continued from.Page 10.) District Number of Grand Total of Cost per Township Number Pupils Expenditures Pupil NBncelona 2 33 $863.18 $26.15 " 3 25 985.87 39.43 7 4 17 842.02 49.53 " 5 31 930.02 30.00 " 6 12 1320.45 110.04 Milton 1 29 1653.46 57.02 " 2 41 1515.42 36.96 ” 3 25 1872.21 74.88 ” 4 16 1023.44 63.97 Star 1 15 634.23 42.28 " 2 15 708.12 47.21 ” 4 9 624.48 69.38 Torch.Lake 2 6 670.82 101.80 " " 4 26 1133.27 43.59 ” " 6 7 398.30 56.90 Warner 2 31 1941.10 62.69 Total 1069 352354.63 $3153.25 Average 1804 $902.66 $48.98 The cost per pupil varies from.$1l9.05 to $26.15 with a median of $51.66 and an average of $48.98. The total of expenditures varies from.$194l.10 to $398.30 with a median of $784.61 and an average of $902.66. This reveals a wide range in expenditure and per pupil cost with its serious administrative problems and need for reorganization. -12- TABLE VI. VALUATION PER CHILD BY THE NUMBER OF DISTRICTS AND THE PERCENTAGE OF DISTRICTS IN EACH CLASSIFICATION. Per Student Valuation Number of Percentage of each District Districts of Districts 500 - 999 3 5.2 1000 - 1499 8 13.8 1500 - 1999 10 17.2 2000 - 2499 5 8.6 2500 - 2999 8 13.8 3000 - 3499 8 13.8 3500 - 3999 7 12.1 4000 - 4499 3 5.2 4500 - 4999 O .0 5000 - 5499 9 .0 5500 - 5999 2 3.4 6000 - 6499 0 .0 6500 - 6999 1 1.7 7000 - 7499 0 .0 7500 - 7999 l 1.7 8000 - 8499 0 .0 8500 - 8999 1 1.7 12500 - 12999 1 1.7 The median assessed valuation supporting each child is $2687.50. This table clearly reveals the wide range of assessed valuation per child and the consequent inequality in the ability of districts to support schools. F. Tax Rates. Due to the fifteen mill tax law there is but slight variation in rates. Districts No. 2 and No. 3 of Banks township have 4.5 mills each. All the remaining districts have 4 mills each. -13- G. Summary. Antrim.county is located in the northwestern part of the lower penin- sula. The population has dwindled with the passing of the lumber in- dustry and is very scattered on the eastern side while on the western side with a soil better suited to fruit growing and agriculture the population is increasing fairly rapidly. The teacher qualifications are low as shown by the fact that 57.8 percent of the teachers do not have a life certificate. The average salary is $466.53 and the median is $464.28. The school buildings as rated by a previous study were as follows: nine standard, ten near standard, twenty-five poor, and fifteen closed. There are fewer than twenty-one pupils in 71.1 percent of the school buildings and fewer than fifteen pupils in 50.6 percent of the buildings. The cost per pupil varies from.$ll9.05 to $26.15 with a median of $51.66 and an average of $48.98. The total expenditures vary from.$l941.10 to $398.30 with a median of $784.61 and an average of $902.66. ‘All districts have a tax rate of 4 mills with the exception of twowhich have 4.5 mills; but the assessed valuation per child varies from.over $12500 per child to less than $1000. per child with a median of $2687.50. It would seem.that there is need for combining school districts where possible in order to have better qualified teachers with higher salaries, teaching in the more satisfactory buildings, with larger classes and a more equalized assessed valuation supporting each child. -14- III. Suggested Plan of Reorganization. A. Existing Plans. There are four general plans of reorganization which could be put into effect in Antrim county. These are namely: Consolidation of districts, county unit organization, township unit organization and modifications of the present district system. The writer was in- fluenced in chosing the latter by the following statements: 1. Consolidated School Districts. "Consolidations have been formed under inducement of lowered costs and improved service. Too frequently, however, the construction of a new building, the adoption of transportation, the insistence upon extensive equipment, and the addition of a greatly enriched educa- tional program have resulted in high costs. Due to this fact, the idea of consolidation is in disrepute in the State. - - - - In addition, consolidation does not contemplate the most efficient utilization of existing school equipment but is based upon the idea of bringing all children together into one school Building.”(3) 2. County Unit. "The county unit should embrace all rural schools of the county as a taxing and administrative unit to be governed by a single board and administered by a county superintendent. - - - - - Among the dif- ficulties encountered in considering the establishment of the county unit is the question of how an equitable adjustment between local dis- tricts can be made when the county unit takes over the school properties of these districts. A plan might be set up whereby the local district (3). 1232, p. 25. -15- lines are maintained and instead of there being a uniform tax over the whole county unit, the necessary funds could be obtained by taxing the districts in proportion to the volume of the school property contributed by each district to the county unit. - - - - In the same'way, debts could be taken over by the county, and a differential tax imposed upon the various districts depending upon the amount of indebtedness, or the local districts might retain the responsibility of paying their own debts".(4) 3. Township Unit. many of the weaknesses of the present district system could be correc- ted if the adoption of the present township unit law were made compulsory, provided certain modifications were put into effect. ----- 0n the other hand, township units which have been superimposed upon the district system.in sections of the lower peninsula have not brought about the imp provaments which might be expected. For example,.Alaiedon township unit in Ingham.county maintains its old district lines and operates nine one- room schools. This would seem to demonstrate that in order for the township unit to be effective in securing economies there should be a superimposed authority which would at least initiate such policies if not be in a position to compel their adoption. This authority should consist of a county board with an appointed superintendent as its exe- cutive officer."(5) (4) Ibide, p. 25-26. (5) Ibid., p. 26-27. -15- 4. Modifications of District System. ”Less drastic reforms in the nature of modifications of the present system would encounter less opposition and would furnish the bases for the gradual development into the county unit."(6) B. Suggested Methods for Reorganization. The following methods and factors are the bases upon which the follow— ing plan of reorganization is based. 1. Determine the maximum.capacity for each of the various schools. 2. Obtain the expected enrollment in the various school districts. 3. Consider the ratings given the various schools by the survey previously mentioned. 4. Combine the districts into more efficient groups making use of the schools with high ratings where possible. 5. The schools which are used should be reorganized as near the optimum pupil enrollment as possible. 6. Schools which are closed should have fairly small enrollments or be accessible to other schools. 7. An endeavor should be made to use the existing facilities to the best economical advantage. 8. The organization should be flexible, in order to provide for reorganization as the change in pupil enrollment makes it necessary. C. Suggested Reorganization. The schools selected for consideration in this plan were chosen be- cause they were not being used to full pupil capacity and were therefore able to accommodate pupils from other schools. Size, quality, and (6). Ibid., p. 27. -17- convenience in transportation to other schools were considered. The schools to be closed were selected on the bases of attendance, building facilities, transportation, and nearness to another school. There are fifty-nine primary school districts in the county. Fortyh six or 77.9% of them are in the reorganization plans. Thirty-three or 55.9% of the total number of primary school districts of the county are closed under the suggested reorganization. The following table shows the schools which were grouped together into combinations of various sizes. ~18- TABLE VII. SUGGESTED REORGANIZED GROUPING or SCHOOL DISTRICTS(1). Name of School Township District Number Antrim.City Banks 1 Mapleville ” 8 *Maple Hill " 5 Bentley Hill ” 3 l‘Atwood ” 2 Wright " 4 Hutchell " 6 Pleasant Hill " 7 *Ellsworth " 9 East Port Torch Lake 6 ”Bay View Central Lake 4 Torch Lake Torch Lake 2 *Creswell " ” 4 Snowflake Forest Home 5 Greenwood Central Lake 8 Lake View " " 3 Esseltine " " 2 thentral Lake ” " 1 Dingman Echo 4 *Cloverdale Central Lake 9 Derency Kearney 2 *Marsh Echo 1 Montgomery Kearney 6 Finkton Echo 2 *Pleasant Valley " 5 Brown Jordan 1 *Settlement ” 2 Ostrom Star 1 East Star " 2 Simone " - 4 'TAlba Chestonia 5 Curve ” 6 *Wetzell Mancelona 5 Lesher " 4 I"Bocook " 6 Bush Kearney 1 *Green River Chestonia 3 Watrous Kearney 4 *Cedar River Chestonia l Eddy Kearney 7 Jacobs ” 5 Spring Valley Custer 2 Henstreet Forest Heme 4 1*Bellaire " " 3 (Continued on Page 19.) (1). See map of Antrim County, p. 21. -19- (Continued from.Page 18.) Name of School Township District Number Finn Custer 3 way ” 6 South Milton Milton 1 tTAlden Helena 1 Turner Forest Home 1 *Ball " " 2 *Schools which are to remain open under the reorganized plan. {Graded or Township Unit Schools. Schools marked with an asterisk (*) are primary schools. Schools marked with both an asterisk and daggar (*I) are graded or township unit schools having both elementary and high school enrollments. Un- marked schools are being closed. r ' £me ANTRIM COUNTY " i " a 1.6-GENO nemvumte. E "man: on rmcrs. I I you will- IRADlD DISTRICTS. ‘ re WISH/P WW 7'. To DISTRICTS ”TS/pt OF cuwTJ'. lap 2. The Present School Districts Showing The Location and Types of Schools. -31- ‘r ~ ANTRIM COUNTY 2": .l E ‘ \\ we ~ . l 3:. ‘8. 7 x v ’ \ \ *\ \i V 0 ‘. . ,s . ‘..'.'u ‘ _\ x ‘ \ \ \ LEGEND ”a: - BOUNDARIES. ltokeamzlo Human: DISTRICTS. CRADIO DISTIICTC. "W801! UNIT. 0 earner: aver nonsense. I rb warmers uruu u «0er. Map 3. The School Districts After the Suggested Reorganization, Location and Types of Schools, and Suggested Bus Routes. IV. Maintenance Cost. A. The Maintenance Cost 1934 - 1935‘“. TABLE VIII. THE TOTAL MAINTENANCE COST or THE PRIMARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS BY SCHOOLS AND BY SUGGESTED GROUPS BEFORE REORGANIZATIOMZ) 1954-1935. Township District [_g maintenance Cost Number |__¥ By Schools 1_ By Suggested Groups Banks 1 $420.45 " 8 923.06 " 5 724.45 $2067.96 Banks 3 848.95 " 2 1631.68 2480.63 Banks 4 591.93 " 6 1096.67 ' 7 905.19 2593.79 Torch Lake 6 398.30 Central Lake 4 1403.42 1801.72 Torch Lake 2 670.82 " " 4 1133.27 1804.09 Forest Home 5 " 653.07 Central Lake 8 744.19 " " 3 1136.46 ” ” 2 466.87 3000.59 Echo 4 783.88 ' Central Lake 9 518.02 1301.90 Kearney 2 740.57 Echo 1 462.42 1202.99 Kearney 6 662.61 Echo 2 719.04 " 5 1000.75 2382.40 Jordan 1 736.00 ” 2 778.50 1514.50 Star 1 634.23 ” 2 708.12 " 4 624.48 1966.83 Chestonia 6 1071.45 mancelona 5 930.02 2001.47 Mancelona 4 842.02 " 6 1320.45 2162.47 (Continued on Page 23.) (1) Report of Commission of Schools Office 1934-1935. (2) Ibid. (Continued from Page 22.) -23- Township District Maintenance Cost Number By Schools I: By Suggested Groups Kearney 1 $698.37 Chestonia 3 1170.64 $1869.01 Kearney 4 642.31 Chestonia 1 941.30 1583.61 Kearney 7 642.36 ' 5 744.19 Custer 2 1434.17 Forest Home 4 509.05 3329.77 Custer 3 784.47 " 6 687.18 Milton 1 1653.46 3125.11 Forest Home 1 711.06 ” " 2 1372.61 2083.67 Total _i38272.51 B. Maintenance Cost to Districts Which Send Their Children to Another School District. The maintenance cost would be composed Of transportation and tuition. For the purpose of this study, transportation cost from the reports of the Department of Public Instruction of Michigan(l) for certain bus routes similar to the ones suggested in this study were used. This cost was $0.3575 per mile for buses used under the contract form of agreement. The cost per'mile for operating buses owned and operated by the district, was approximately 25% lower. Tuition of the pupils was determined by using the maximum allowance under the Thatcher-Sour law, which is $40. per pupil according to the provisions of the act. (l) Stack, Dorr, A study of Pupil Transportation in Rural.Agricu1tural Schools in Michigan for 1934, Table II. -25- TABLE II. TOTAL MAINTENANCE COST OF TRANSPORTATION AND TUITION TO DISTRICTS COMBINING WITH OTHER SCHOOL DISTRICTS ACCORDING TO m SUGGESTED REORGANIZED PIAN. ownship District Trans aortat ion LTuition Total Maint enanc: Number Miles Cost Pupils] Cost Cost 1 5.00 $321.75 5 200.00 $521.75 8 5.25 337.84 17 680.00 1017.84 3 5.25 337.84 20 800.00 1137.84 4 walk 000.00 11 440.00 440.00 6 5.50 354.03 21 840.00 1194.03 7 4.00 257.48 32 280.0 1537.48 6 walk 000.00 7 280.00 280.00 2 4.50 281.67 6 240.00 521.67 5 5.00 321.75 8 320.00 641.75 8 walk 000.00 20 800.00 800.00 3 5.25 337.84 18 720.00 1057.84 2 3.75 241.39 14 560.00 801.39 4 5.00 321.75 17 680.00 1001.75 2 6.00 386.22 25 000.00 1386.22 6 5.00 321.75 11 440.00 761.75 2 5.00 321.75 16 640.00 961.75 1 4.00 257.48 11 440.00 697.48 1 5.00 321.75 15 600.00 921.75 4 6.00 386.22 9 360.00 746.22 6 walk 000.00 9 360.00 360.00 4 7.25 466.88 17 680.00 1146.88 1 7.50 482.78 18 720.00 1202.78 4 4.50 281.67 9 360.00 641.67 7 5.00 321.75 10 400.00 721.75 5 5.50 354.03 28 1120.00 1474.03 2 4.00 257.48 17 680.00 937.48 4 5.50 354.03 8 320.00 674.03 3 8.50 547.15 8 320.00 867.15 6 7.00 450.59 19 760.00 1210.59 1 9.00 579.33 29 1160.00 1739.33 1 4.00 257.48 17 680.00 937.48 -26- C. Maintenance Cost to Districts Which Receive Children from Other Schools. Inasmuch as the teacher's salary, upkeep, and fuel cost, would re— main practically the same as before, the maintenance cost of the re- ceiving primary schools was not changed. The teacher's time, fuel cost, and other items would be used to a fuller extent than previously. It will be recalled that under the plan as stated the existing facili- ties were to be used to the best economical advantage. V. State Aid. A. The Present Thatcher-Saur Gross Allowance. The 'gross allowance' under the ThatcherrSaur.Act is based on the number of pupils and teachers which a school has. It is the sum of money which the State guarantees to the school districts and includes a two and one-half mill tax on the general property within the district, the primary school interest fund receipts, tuition receipts, and Thatcher-Saur Aid. .A school spending more than this amount must raise the balance by extra taxes on the district. Table x,p. 27(1) gives the data for determining the gross allOwance and also the Thatcher-Saur Aid. It should be noted that the two and one-half mill tax primary re- ceipts, and tuition receipts are subtracted from.the gross allowance, to determine the ThatcherbSaur Aid. If the total of the two and one- half mill tax, primary receipts, and tuition receipts is more than the gross allowance, the school does not receive Thatcher-Saur Aid. (1) Blank form.for computing Thatcher-Saur.Aid. TABLEIX. SCHOOL AID DISTRIBUTION PROPOSED IN ACT 236.,P.A. 1933 AS AMENDED BY ACT 192,gP.A. 1935 The amount of aid paid by the state to each district through the provisions of the Thatcher-Saur Act is the amount of the gross allowance less an amount equal to the sum of a two and one~half mill tax on general property within a district, primary school interest fund receipts, and tuition receipts, if any. This Act makes an ap- propriation of $36,040,000 less the amount of the primary school interest fund which is $15,498,272 in l935~36. Blank Form for Computing Thatcher-Saur Schogl_Aid Act 1. Equalized property valuation in l934.............................$ 2. School census (children 5-19 inc.) May 31, 1934.................. 3. Average membership in 1933-34: 3a.Elementary school (Grades K-6 inc.)... 3b.High school (Grades 7-12)............. 4. Gross Allowance under Thatcher-Saur Act: 4a.Elementary aid (see table below)...........$ 4b.High school aid (see table below)..........$ 4C9T0t81 (4a and 4b)....oeoeeeeeeeeooeooeooeeeoe.eooeoeoeeeoeeees$ 5. Tax Levy on valuation in (1) at 2% mills......$ 6. Primary aid at $11.13 per census Child in (2).$ 7. Actual tuition receipts in 1933~34............$ 739T0t81 (5, 6' and 7)oeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeooeoeoopeeeeeeeeoeeeeeassoc 8. Allowance under Thatcher-Saur Act..(4c less 7a)..................$ Ba. Supplement Fund (11.90 per child in (2)“..3 8b. Equalization Fund (8 less 8a).............$ 80. Total state aid under Thatcher—Saur Act (8a & 8b)............$ Teachers........... Teachers...... “This amount cannot exceed the amount in item 8 except in distriCts having more than 800 on the census. NOTE: In addition to the amount in 80, the state will pay high school tuition costs not exceeding 365 per pupil direct to receiving districts. Table of GROSS ALLOWANCE Based on Number of Pupils and Teachers m J Pupil Enrollment Based on Number of Teachers Average Membership 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or more” more more more more 1. No. of pupils used as a base 12 3O 6O 90 150 2. Basic amt. allowed for pupils in (1) $750 $912 31962 $3162 $7200 3. Additional amt. allowed per pupil S 9 8 35 3 4O 3 55 8 48 4. Additional No. of pupils for which 32 50 6O 70 on up _, additional amounts may be allowed HIGH SCHOOL - Consider as grades 7-12 Inclusive 1. No. of pupils used as a base 15 3O 45 7O 95 2. Basic amt. allowed for pupils in (1) $975 $1600 $2550 $3800 $6175 3. Additional amt. allowed per pupil S 30 3 40 S 50 S 58 8 65 4. Additional No. of pupils for which 20 35 35 35 on up additional amount§_may be allowed ’ 'Districts having an average membership of less than 12 pupils are allowed 865 per pupil. u . l ‘ . . b e . I . .., ' l w o . u l ‘ I .2 I .-.. 1 CO e ... Io . . .~ . . - 1.. . .a.. ‘-s ..._._ .. . D I -e\‘. 0. s v ~- .-l C .' . , . . ... , . g ‘ ' . 9 y - s a . . ‘ , . , ‘ w . ' r — ' .x . . - . r n « n \ . . - . . - . . be a ‘ V \ ‘ . - 1 . . - , y . . . h . s. . . . . a . t l I q -, . A . t 3 - 0 . ‘ . . . . . . -_ ‘ . . . . . . . l o . ., - s . , . . . O ' ' ‘ Q g . . . * . .' t ' D ~ . ~ ' . j --‘ . . . . . - - i . .- - - . s . .u L ‘ ‘ I . _- . . . i . . e . . . . . s . I- _ . ‘ . .. 1 \ .. 1,. .. n .. ._ . -~- - .. -. . - - . - . . .. _ . .. . n.._ . o _ l u . - l . n ‘ . p ‘ . '. . . 1 . . . ' 5 . , ..‘ . . . ' ' a . w I ' '.r . » . -- .. w ' I . . . t . ' < - 1 . , . so . .4 u . . . , 4 T TABLE XI. THE GROSS AILOWANCE OF THE PRIMARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF TEACHERS AND PUPILS BEFORE THE SUGGESTED REORGANIZATICN. 1.99; District Number Number Gross Township Number Pupils Teachers Allowance Banks 1 5 1 $325.00 " 8 l7 1 795.00 " 5 l6 1 786.00 " 3 20 1 822.00 " 2 34 2 1052.00 " 4 11 1 715.00 " 6 21 1 831.00 " 7 32 1 930.00 Torch Lake 6 7 1 455.00 Central Lake 4 28 1 894.00 Torch Lake 2 6 1 390.00 ” " 4 8 1 520.00 Forest Home 5 8 1 520.00 Central Lake 8 2O 1 822.00 ” " 3 18 1 804.00 " " 2 14 1 768.00 Echo 4 17 1 795.00 Central Lake 9 12 1 750.00 Kearney 2 25 1 867.00 Echo 1 l3 1 759.00 Kearney 6 ll 1 715.00 Echo 2 16 1 786.00 " 5 16 1 786.00 Jordan 1 11 1 715.00 ” 2 14 1 768.00 Star 1 l5 1 777.00 " 2 15 1 777.00 " 4 9 1 594.00 Chestonia 6 9 1 594.00 mmncelona 5 31 1 921.00 " 4 17 1 795.00 " 6 12 1 750.00 Kearney l 18 1 804.00 Chestonia 3 21 1 831.00 Kearney 4 9 1 594.00 Chestonia l 17 1 795.00 Kearney 7 10 1 650.00 " 5 28 1 894.00 Custer 2 l7 1 795.00 Forest Home 4 8 1 520.00 Custer 3 8 1 520.00 " 6 19 1 813.00 Hulton 1 29 1 903.00 Forest Home 1 17 1 795.00 " " 2 23 1 849.00 Ii -29- B. Thatcher-Saur Gross Allowance after Combining. According to the Thatcher-Saur Act, the primary school districts not maintaining school are entitled to $40. per pupil for tuition and not to exceed $40. per pupil for transportation‘l). The transportation allowance is determined by the following formula: "Thirty pupils trans- ported six miles is 8612, add or deduct $27.00 per mile for each mile variation from.six miles, and also add or deduct $13.00 per pupil for each pupil variation from.thirty pupils; the total must not exceed $40. per pupil however‘z). The school districts which do maintain school will be given aid on the bases of teacher and pupil enrollment. The two and one-half mill tax and primary school interest fund receipts together with the tuition receipts may exceed the gross allowance of the Thatcher-Saur Act, in which case they would receive no State aid. The primary aid in 1934-1935 was $11.13 per census child. (l). 1935 Immediate Effect Acts, Compiled by Orville E. Atwood, Secretary of the State of Michigan, p. 211-212, sections 6 and 7. (2). Oral report of L. L. Close, Department of Public Instruction, Michigan, May 1936. TABLE XII. THE TOTAL THATCHER TRANSPORTATION AND TUITION ALLOWANCE BASED ON THE NUMBER OF PUPILS AND THE LENGTH OF CUTE ROUTES. (REORGANIZED PLAN) . Dist- Number Length Transpor- T°wn3hlp rict of of tation Tuition Total No. Pupils Routes Allowance .Allowance.Allowance Banks 1 ‘5 5.00 $200.00 $200.00 $400.00 " 8 17 5.25 422.75 680.00 1102.75 " 3 20 5.25 461.75 800.00 1261.75 " 4 11 walk 000.00 440.00. 440.00 " 6 21 5.50 481.50 840.00 1321.50 ” 7 32 4.00 584.00 1280.00 2164.00 Torch.lake 6 7 walk 000.00 280.00 280.00 ” " 2 6 4.50 240.00 240.00 480.00 Forest Home 5 8 5.00 299.00 320.00 619.00 Central Lake 8 20 walk 000.00 800.00 800.00 ” " 3 18 5.25 435.75 720.00 1155.75 " " 2 14 3.75 343.25 560.00 903.25 Echo 4 17 5.00 416.00 680.00 1096.00 Kearney 2 25 6.00 547.00 1000.00 1547.00 " 6 11 5.00 338.00 440.00 778.00 Echo 2 16 5.00 403.00 640.00 1043.00 Jordan 1 11 4.00 311.00 440.00 751.00 Star 1 15 5.00 390.00 600.00 990.00 " 2 15 8.00 471.00 600.00 1071.00 7 4 9 6.00 339.00 360.00 699.00 Chestonia 6 9 walk 000.00 360.00 360.00 Mencelona 4 17 7.25 476.75 680.00 1156.75 Kearney l 18 7.50 496.50 720.00 1216.50 " 4 9 4.50 298.50 360.00 658.50 " 7 10 5.00 325.00 400.00 725.00 " 5 28 5.50 571.50 1120.00 1691.50 Custer 2 17 4.00 389.00 680.00 1069.00 Forest Home 4 8 5.50 313.50 320.00 633.50 Custer 3 8 8.50 320.00 320.00 640.00 " 6 19 7.00 496.00 760.00 1256.00 Nhlton l 29 9.00 680.00 1160.00 1840.00 Forest Home 1 17 4.00 389.00 680.00 1069.00 ~31- TABLE XIII. THE TOTAL TAX, TUITION, AND PRIMARY RECEIPTS OF THE REORGANIZED PRIMARY SCHOOLS WHICH MAINTAINED SCHOOL. 1935 Township ”£33? item £22232. £15253. To... Banks 5 $132.85 $880.00 $300.51 $1313.36 " 2 218.31 800.00 634.41 1692.72 Central Lake 4 170.03 280.00 456.31 906.34 Torch Lake 4 222.45 240.00 634.41 1096.86 Central Lake 9 43.23 680.00 278.25 921.48 Echo 1 81.10 1000.00 211.47 1292.57 " 5 55.59 1080.00 389.55 1525.14 Jordan 2 111.98 440.00 322.77 874.75 Mancelona 5 96.55 360.00 500.85 957.40 " 6 176.40 680.00 289.38 1145.78 Chestonia 3 95.41 720.00 367.29 1182.70 ” 1 74.11 360.00 289.38 723.49 Forest Home 2 180.31 680.00 422.94 1283.25 -32- TABLE XIV. THE TOTAL THATCHER-SAUR GROSS ALLOWANCE FOR THE SUGGESTED REORGANIZED PRIMARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS WHICH MAINTAIN SCHOOL. 1935 ........ 333: 333° 333.: 333.32” Banks 5 38 1 $984.00 ” 2 54 2 1752.00 Central Lake 4 35 1 957.00 Torch Lake 4 14 1 768.00 Central Lake 9 29 1 903.00 Echo l 38 1 984.00 " 5 43 1 1029.00 Jordan 2 25 1 867.00 Mhncelona 5 4O 1 1002.00 " 6 29 1 903.00 Chestonia 3 39 1 993.00 " 1 26 1 876.00 Forest Home 2 4O 1 1002.00 -33- TABLE XV. THE TOTAL BUDGET OF THE SUGGESTED REORCANIZED PRIMARY SCHOOL DISTRICTS WHICH MAINTAINED SCHOOL. 1935. Total Tax Tui- Township District Gross tion &2Prhnary State Total Number Allowance Receipts Aid Budget Banks $984.00 $1313.36 $000.00 $1313.36 " 1752.00 1692.72 59.28 1752.00 Central Lake 957.00 906.34 50.66 957.00 Torch Lake 768.00 1096.86 000.00 1096.86 Central Lake 903.00 921.48 000.00 921.48 Echo 984.00 1292.57 000.00 1292.57 " 1029.00 1525.14 000.00 1525.14 Jordan 867.00 874.75 000.00 874.75 Mancelona 1002.00 957.40 44.60 1002.00 " 903.00 1145.78 000.00 1145.78 Chestonia 993.00 1182.70 000.00 1182.70 " 876.00 723.49 152.51 876.00 Forest Home 1002.00 1283.25 000.00 1283.25 It should be noted that nine of the thirteen schools do not qualify for State Aid. This means that they have more money for school main- tenance than the 'gross allowance' under the Thatcher-Saur Act. VI. Comparisons of Maintenance Costs. TABLE XVI. COMPARISON OF MAINTMCE COST BY INDIVIDUAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE SUGGESTED HEORGANIZATION. Total maintenance CostJ.Amount Gain- Amount Lost Township Dist Before Reor- After Reor ed By Reor- By Reorb No. ganization ganizationfl ganization ganization Banks 1 $420.45 L $521.75 (I - $101.30 " 8 923.06 1017.84 - 94.78 " 5 724.45 724.45 - - " 3 848.95 1137.84 - 288.89 " 2 1631.68 1631.68 - - " 4 591.93 440.00 $151.93 - ” 6 1096.67 1194.03 - 97.36 Y 7 905.19 1537.48 - 632.29 Torch Lake 6 398.30 280.00 118.30 - Central Lake 4 1403.42 1403.42 - - Torch Lake 2 670.82 521.67 149.15 - " " 4 1133.27 1133.27 - - Forest Home 5 653.07 641.75 11.32 -- Central Lake 8 744.19 800.00 - 55.81 ” " 3 1136.46 1057.84 77.62 - " " 2 466.87 801.39 - 334.52 Echo 4 783.88 1001.75 - 217.87 Central Lake 9 518.02 518.02 - - Kearney 2 740.57 1386.22 - 645.65 Echo 1 462.42 462.42 - - \/\/\/\/\/ (Continued on Page 35.) -35- (Continued from.Page 34.) \/\/\/\/\/ (Continued on Page 36.) II Total Maintenance Cost “(Amount Gain-7 Amount Lost Township Dist1Before Reor~]After Reor-led By Reor- By Reor- No. ganization ganization ganization ganization Kearney $662.61 $761.75 - $99.14 Echo 719.04 961.75 - 242.71 " 1000.75 1000.75 - - Jordan 736.00 697.48 39.52 - " 778.50 778.50 - - Star 634.23 921.75 - 287.52 ' 708.12 1114.96 - 406.84 ” 624.48 746.22 - 121.74 Chestonia 1071.45 360.00 711.45 - ancelona 930.02 930.02 - - " 842.02 1146.88 - 304.86 " 1320.45 1320.45 - - Kearney 698.37 1202.78 - 604.41 Chestonia 1170.64 1170.64 - - Kearney 642.31 641.67 .64 - Chestonia 941.30 941.30 - - Kearney 642.36 721.75 - 79.39 " 744.19 1474.03 - 729.84 Custer 1434.17 937.48 496.69 Forest Home 509.05 674.03 - 164.98 Custer 784.47 867.15 - 82.68 -35- (Continued from.Page 35.) LTotal Maintenance Costgl Amount Gain- —Amount Lost Township DistiBefore Reor- After Beer-led By Reor- By Reor- No. ganization ganization ganization ganization Custer 6 $687.18 $1210.59 - $523.41 Hulton 1 1653.46 1739.33 - 85.87 Forest Home 1 711.06 937.48 - 226.42 " 7 2 1372.61 1372.61 - - Total 338452.51 342826.17 $4373.66 This table shows clearly that it requires more money in most schools to Operate under the suggested reorganized plan. The apparent saving in some districts is due to the fact that no transportation is provided. -37- TABLE XVII. COMPARISONS OF MAINTENANCE COST BY GROUPS BEFORE AND AFTER THE SUGGESTED REORGANIZATION. I:T9ta1 Maintenance Cost I Amount Gain- LAmount Lost (Continued on Page 38.) Township Dist. Before Re- After Re- ed By Reor- By Reor- No. organized organized [ganization ganization Banks 1 ” 8 " 5 $2067.96 $2264.04 $196.08 Banks 3 " 2 2480.63 2769.52 288.89 Banks 4 ” 6 ” 7 2593.79 3171.51 577.72 Torch Lake 6 Central Lake 4 1801.72 1683.42 8118.30 Torch Lake 2 " " 4 1804.09 1654.94 149.15 Forest Home 5 Central lake 8 fl 7! 3 . " ” 2 3000.59 3300.98 300.39 Echo 4 Central Lake 9 1301.90 1519.77 207.87 Kearney 2 Echo 1 1202.99 1848.64 645.65 Kearney 6 Echo 2 " 5 2382.40 2724.25 341.85 Jordan 1 " 2 1514.50 1475.98 38.52 Star 1 " 2 ” 4 1966.83 2782.93 816.10 Chestonia 6 celona 5 2001.47 1290.02 711.45 Mancelona 4 " 6 2162.47 2467.33 304.86 Kearney 1 Chestonia 3 1869.01 2373.42 504.41 Kearney 4 Chestonia 1 1583.61 1582.97 .64 (Continued from Page #37) ‘ I Total Maintenance Costj Amount Gain-7 Amount Lost Township Dist. Before Re- After Re- J ed By Reor- By Reor- f No. I organized 7 organized _Janization ganization Kearney 7 " 5 Custer 2 Forest Home 4 ~$3329.77 g$3807.29 ~§477.52 Custer 3 " 6 Milton 1 3125.11 3817.07 691.96 Forest Home 1 ” " 2 2083.67 2310.09 226.42 This table shows that most of the school groups would need more money to operate under the suggested reorganized plan. -39- TABLE XVIII. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PRESENT THATCHER-SAUR GROSS ALLOWANCE AND THE PRESENT MAINTENANCE COST. :Excess Cost; Excess T. S. (Continued on Page 40.) Present Township Dist. Present Thatcher-Saar Over T. S. .Allowance No. Cost Allowance Allowance Over Cost Banks 1 $420.45 $325.00 $95.45 - " 8 923.06 795.00 128.06 - * ” 5 724.45 786.00 - 61.55 ” 3 848.95 822.00 26.95 - * " 2 1631.68 1052.00 579.68 - " 4 591.93 715.00 - 123.07 " 6 1096.67 831.00 265.67 - fl 7 905.19 930.00 - 24.81 Torch Lake 6 398.30 455.00 - 55.70 *Central Lake 4 1403.42 894.00 609.42 - Torch Lake 2 670.82 390.00 280.82 - * ” ” 4 1133.27 520.00 613.27 - Forest Home 5 653.07 520.00 133.07 - Central Lake 8 744.19 822.00 - 77.81 ” " 3 1136.46 804.00 332.46 - " " 2 466.87 768.00 — 301.13 Echo 4 783.88 795.00 - 11.12 *Central Lake 9 518.02 750.00 - 231.98 Kearney 2 740.57 867.00 - 127.43 *Echo 1 642.42 759.00 - 116.58 Kearney 6 662.61 715.00 - 52.39 Echo 2 719.04 786.00 - 66.96 * ” 5 1000.75 786.00 214.75 - Jordan 1 736.00 715.00 21.00 - * ” 2 778.50 768.00 10.50 - Star 1 634.23 777.00 - 142.77 " 2 708.12 777.00 - 68.88 ” 4 624.48 594.00 30.48 - Chestonia 6 1071.45 594.00 477.45 - *Mancelona 5 930.02 921.00 9.02 - " 4 842.02 795.00 47.02 - * " 6 1320.45 750.00 570.45 - Kearney 1 698.37 804.00 - 105.63 *Chestonia 3 1170.64 831.00 339.64 - Kearney 4 642.31 594.00 48.31 - *Chestonia 1 941.30 795.00 '146.30 - Kearney '7 642036 650.00 " 7. 64 " 5 744.19 894.00 - 149.81 Custer 2 1434.17 795.00 639.17 - A‘ W -40- (Continued from Page 39.) Present Excess Cost Excess T. S. Township Dist. Present Thatcher-Saur Over T. S. Allowance No. Cost .Allowance Allowance Over Cost Forest Home 4 $509.05 $520.00 - $10.95 Custer 3 784.47 520.00 $264.47 - " 6 687.18 813.00 "4 125.82 Nfilton 1 1653.46 903.00 750.46 — Forest Home 1 711.06 795.00 - 83.94 * " 2 1372.61 849.00 523.61 - Total 638452.51 633441.00 $5011.51 *Schools which are to remain open under the reorganized plan. Twenty of the schools Operate within the gross allowance while twenty-five spend more than the gross allowance. It will be noted that when the total cost and total allowance are compared that the schools are spending $5,011.51 more than their gross allowance. -41- TABLE XIX. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MAINTENANCE COST AND THE THATCHERFSAUR GROSS ALLOWANCE AFTER COMBINING. W (Continued on Page 42.) Excess Cost Excess T. S. Township Dist. Gross maintenance Over T. S. .Allowance No. Allowance Cost .Allowance Over Cost Banks 1 $400.00 $521.75 $121.75 - " 8 1102.75 1017.84 - 84.91 * " 5 1313.36 724.45 - 588.91 " 3 1261.75' 1137.84 - 123.91 * " 2 1752.00 1631.68 - 120.32 " 4 440.00 440.00 - - " 6 1321.50 1194.03 - 127.47 " 7 2164.00 1537.48 - 626.52 Torch Lake 6 280.00 280.00 - - *Central Lake 4 957.00 1403.42 446.42 - Torch Lake 2 480.00 521.67 41.67 - * " " 4 1096.86 1133.27 36.41 - Forest Home 5 619.00 641.75 22.75 - Central Lake 8 800.00 800.00 - - " ” 3 1155.75 1057.84 - 97.91 ” " 2 903.25 801.39 - 101.86 Echo 4 1096.00 1001.75 - 94.25 *Central Lake 9 921.48 518.02 - 403.46 Kearney 2 1547.00 1386.22 - 160.78 *Echo 1 1292.57 462.42 - 830.15 Kearney 6 778.00 761.75 - 16.25 Echo 2 1043.00 961.75 - 81.25 * ” 5 1525.14 1000.75 - 524.39 Jordan 1 751.00 697.48 — 63.52 * " 2 874.75 778.50 - 96.25 Star 1 990.00 921.75 - 69.25 " 2 1071.00 1114.96 43.96 - " 4 699.00 746.22 47.22 - Chestonia 6 360.00 360.00 - - *Mancelona 5 1002.00 930.02 - 71.98 " 4 1156.75 1146.88 - 9.87 * " 6 1145.78 1320.45 174.67 - Kearney 1 1216.50 1202.78 - 13.72 *Chestonia 3 1182.70 1170.64 - 12.06 Kearney 4 658.50 641.67 - 16.83 *Chestonia 1 876.00 941.30 65.30 - Kearney 7 725.00 721.75 - 4.25 Custer 2 1069.00 937.48 - 131.52 (Continued from.Page 41.) 7 Excess Cost Excess T. S. Township Dist. Gross maintenance Over T. S. .Allowance No. Allowance Cost .Allowance Over Cost ForeSt Home 4 $633. 50 $674.03 $40.53 " Custer 3 640.00 867.15 227.15 - N 6 1256000 1210059 - 4504]. Milton 1 1840.00 1739.33 - 100.67 Forest Home 1 1069.00 937.48 - 131.52 * " ” 2 1283.25 1372.61 89.36 - Total $46441.64 642826.17 $3614.47 *Schools which are to remain open under the reorganized plan. It should be noted that as reorganized there were twenty-nine schools spending less than the gross allowance, twelve spending more than the gross allowance and four spend identical amounts. I : , - I I I i I L I '4 I ! F I GU R E I. I 2 ‘. I MAINTENANCE COST OF NTHE UGGESTtE: D EEiORCANI‘ZED SCHOOLSI BEFORE AND AFTER THE . “SEUGG sTEO REORGANIZATION. I ~- . . . .. . . . . . . . -. . ., .. .. .. . . ,. ...-. . 1 .111.-1-1111.111-11.111.-.-.1.111 , -1 .. 111.- 11 .-11..- 11.11., 1.-...-... 1. .1 1111 1-..11-.-...11..1..111.. I 1 . . ‘ I I I f ; ‘ I I T O TN 3 ‘H 1‘ P 3.. AN 13" V- ‘DITWEITNIIWC' @111-Ni}-111.3.E1fiE1I1-1-1111111-.--11. 1-1..--1.1-1-1111..- . . , TORCH I WREST I JOR- GEES» MATTE .. I 1411.4 TIME CENTRAL LaKE LAKE 1101531 ECHO KEARNEY . DAN STAR TONI-IIL I am cue TER TON 1234567825489246I1245124512456712124156456236 v ' 1 - -~ — -- aOO~~ I+I 35 700 600 500 ”‘—-—-~41 -11 1 ..1___ 1.11-111 .4991. 1-1.-. - .. 1. - 1. 500 200 100 11 .__— gages g1_._L~ OWANCE Thatcher-Saur / . 100 ‘x I 200 . I 300 500 600 . 700 I . 1.11” .1111. 4—4-4___(_ ”la—$8994. ; I I I 5 I . . i ; 'I E . I . I I , I : I I 1 I“ I 4% . 1.1-1-111-1111111111- _1 _LE G E NID - 1111!. 11.1 I I I I ‘ I I I I MAITNTENANCE CO:sT BEFORE REIJRGANIZATIONI. I . -—-----' I I . I 4 II I - — 1 - MAINTENANCE COsT AFTER REOI2CANIZATION. I I I ' I T I I READ THE ”TABLE THUS: Cfi‘TYSTEICT NO. 2. BANKS TOWNSHIP RECEng $550 LES: THAN THE THATCEER-SAUR GROSS I I I ALLOWANCE IaEEORE REOR IZED AND N125 NOTE: THAN THE THATC ER-SAUR GROSIS ALLOWANCE AFTER REORQAINIZED. I I I I VII. Summary and Problems for Further Study. The purpose of this study has been to suggest a reorganization of certain primary school districts for the purpose of utilizing the existing facilities to the best advantage as determined by the come parison of maintenance cost and 'gross allowance' both before and after reorganization. The passing of the lumber industry has left the county with a scattered population in the eastern portion. But in the western portion where the soil is more adapted to agriculture and fruit grow- ing the population is on the increase. Business activities growing out of recreation and resorting aid in this increase. The study of the schools shows a wide variation in assessed valuations per child and consequently a wide range in school equipment, teacher qualifica- tions, and salaries. It would seem.that there is a need for more adequately qualified teachers with higher salaries using the more satisfactory school buildings with larger classes and a more equilized distribution of assessed valuations per pupil. The present methods of accomplishing these ends are: consolidation of school districts, county unit organization, township unit organization, and modifica- tions of the present district system. or these fourImethods it was deemed best to choose the latter for the following reasons: It would seem that the population is too scattered for effective consolidation of school districts; the peOple are not yet at the proper psychological point to accept the county unit organization as shown by the fact that -45- a majority of the voters of Banks Township voted against forming a township unit school in may 1936; and the township unit organization has not seemed to be effective in certain sections of the lower penin- sula. Using the information of a previous study on the rating and capacity of the school buildings, an endeavor was made to combine certain schools to make use of the more satisfactory buildings and to use them more nearly to their optimum.capacity. The pupils of some school dis- tricts were transported while others were close enough to walk to school. The problem was to use the existing facilities to the best economical advantage. Such a plan should be flexible because of changes in pupil enrollment. On determining the bus routes, cost of transportation, and tuition, it was found that the majority of the closed school districts would need more money to Operate under the suggested reorganized plan than previously. When the Thatcher-Saur 'gross allowance' both before and after reorganization was considered, it was found that the schools were spending $5011.51 more than the 'gross allowance' before the sug- gested reorganization and $3614.47 l222.than the 'gross allowance' after the suggested reorganization. This is a difference of $8625.98 in favor of reorganization. There were twenty schools spending less than the 'gross allowance' and twenty-five spending more than the 'gross allowance' before the suggested reorganization as compared to twenty-nine spending less, twelve more, and four spending the same after the suggested reorganization. An investigation of the twelve -45- schools which spend more than the 'gross allowance' after the sug- gested reorganization shows that before being reorganized they spent $5,499.59 more than they do now. All of the schools show an increase in Thatcher-Saur aid when reorganized with the exception of Forest Home township District No. 4, Star township District No. 4 and No. 2, and Banks township District No. 1. Their losses are respectively, $51.48, $16.74, $112.84, and $26.30. However, Banks township District No. 1 could undoubtedly Operate within the 'gross allowance' by using a car instead of a bus to transport their five children, since the present figures were computed by using bus rates. The results of this study seem to indicate that there would be much to gain by utilizing the existing facilities as suggested in the present plan. The schools which would lose in dollars and cents would be Districts No. 2 and No. 4 in Star township and District No. 4 in Forest Home township. Whether or not these three schools would gain enough in other values to justify reorganization is not within the pur- pose of this thesis. In tables XVI and XVII the majority of the pri- mary schools which maintain school have a decided balance to their credit which could be used for higher salaries and school improvement. This amount varies from $81.00 to $800.00. It must be remembered that districts receiving Thatcher-Saur aid must spend all of their 'gross allowance' if they are to receive aid on the bases of the total 'gross allowance'. If they spend less than the'gross allowance' they will lose as the districts receipts are subtracted from their actual expen- ditures and not from.the 'gross allowance', in determining their State -47- aid. The districts which, therefore, show an expenditure of less than the 'gross allowance' could raise the salaries of teachers and bus drivers without any cost to the local tax payers. Other problems arising from.this study are: a study of the imr provement in instruction under the reorganized plan, a study of the advantages of forming county units, a program of road construction whereby pupils might be transported at reduced cost, a study of the advantages of combining certain school districts permanently, and a study of an effective elastic plan for administering the reorganiza- tion of the school districts from.year to year. VIII. Conclusions. 1. The teacher qualifications are low in the primary school districts of Antrim County. 2. The teacher salaries are low in the primary schools of Antrim County. 5. The assessed valuations per child are poorly distributed in the primary schools of.Antrim.County thus causing much variation in the ability of the districts to pay for education. 4. Transportation causes the total maintenance cost of operation to rise in most schools. 5. When the State aid for transportation and tuition are considered it becomes cheaper to transport the pupils. 6. The reason that more districts do not take advantage of the State aid for transportation and tuition is that it costs more and they must carry the extra expense two years while waiting for the reimbursement. 7. It does not pay to operate a school with a small enrollment and the aid for transporting a small enrollment is likely to be below the cost of transportation and tuition. 8. All the reorganized schools but three could operate within the two and one-half mill limit. -49.. BIBLIOGRAPHY Atwood, Orville E., Comp., 1935 Immediate Effect Acts, Lansing, Nuchigan: Franklin DeKleine Company Printers and Binders, 1935, Compiled by Orville E. Atwood, Secretary of State, State of Michigan. Burns, R. L., Measurement of the Need for Transportinngupils, New York: Teachers College Colwmbia University Press, 1927. Carr, William G., Comp., County Unit of School Administration, New York: The H. W; Wilson Company, 1931, (The Reference Shelf Series, vol. VI, No. 10). Covert, T., State.Aid for School Consolidation and Pupil Transportation, Washington: Bureau of Education, Bulletin No. 3., 1931. Dawson, H. A., An Educational Survey of Clay County Arkansas, State Department of Education, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1930. Dawson, H. A., and Little H. A., Financial and Administrative Needs of the Public Schools of.Arkansas, Vol. I, State Department of Education, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1930. Fisher, H. 0., Comp., School Officers and Teachers of Antrim.County for the Year 1935 - 1936, Bellaire, Michigan, Compiled by H. C. Fisher, Commissioner of Schools, Bellaire, Michigan. Johns, R. L., State and Local.Administration of School Transportation, New York: Teachers College, Columbia University Press, 1929. Little, H. A., Potential Economies in Reorganization of Local School Attendance Units, New York: Teachers College, Columbia University Press, 1934. -50- Thrun, F. M., Rural School Organization in Michigan, East Lansing, Nuchigan: .Agricultural Experiment Station, Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science, January 1933, (Special Bulletin No. 229). Thrun, F. M., School Financing in Michigan, East Lansing, Michigan: ‘Agricultural Experiment Station, Ruchigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science, January 1931, (Special Bulletin No. 212). Stack, Dorr, Comp., A Study_of Pupil Transportation in Rural Agricultural Schools in Michigan for 1934, unpublished papers of the Department of Public Instruction, Division of Rural Education, State of Michigan. _51_ APPENDIX -51- APPENDIX §CHOOL AID ACTgBECOhES LAW The Thatcher-Saur School aid law, Act 192 of the Public Acts of 1935, amends the provisions of the Thatcher~Sias Act of 1933. The Thatcher-Bias Act provided for the distribution of $15,000,000 of school aid from liquor taxes and excess sales tax allotments. The new act provides for the distribution of (1) increased allowances of aid for elementary schools, (2) the direct payment of high school tuition to the receiving districts, (3) increased transportation al- lowance, and (4) the requirement that district boards must levy at least two and one-half mills of tax on general property for school purposes other than for debt service, capital outlay, and school board salaries. The amending act provides that state aid must be used for the same expenditures for which the two and one~half mill tax is levied. The following questions relative to the new act have been asked most frequently: 1. What amountgia appr0priateg under the Thatcher-Saur Amending Apt? The Thatcher-Saur Act provides for the distribution of $36,040,000 in 1935-36, $37,400,000 in 1936-37, and $38,000,000 annually there- after from the general fund. Since these amounts are taken to- gether with the primary school interest fund apportionment, the net appropriation will be the total amount for each year less the primary school interest fund. The amount of the primary school interest fund is estimated to approximate $15,000,000 for each year of the next biennium. 2. Why is the primary school interest fundgincludeggin the total? The primary school interest fund is included in the total to off~ set a possible decrease in the fund through the functioning of the 15—mill tax limitation amendment. 3. Will the distribution of the primary school interest fund be changed in any way? The distribution of the primary school interest fund will be made on the basis of the number.of children in each district between the ages of 5-19 inclusive. This is a constitutional provision and will be unaffected by the new act. 4. Will the entire amount of the distributign be prorated? Act 257 of the Public Acts of 1955 authorizes the governor to pro- rate all appropriations for the ensuing biennium. This provision cannot apply to the primary school interest fund, which is gov- erned by constitutional regulations. Accordingly, only the net appropriation will be subject to the proratu provision. Estimates of revenues in relation to appropriations indicate cuts may be from five to ten per cent. v1- I . . ' . . ' ' ‘. A- . - .‘;- . n -,‘ . u -I.| '7‘ ._,. . '\_’ . A . , ...-.. g. ,' ..u . u 4.1 -..9- .o ..-,I I- ....--. a K n . . J r‘ a ,- -. ' o .- I v '. ‘ 1 - _ , , . r g u. , . . ' . ‘- . t_ i . ‘ . I a - . z ’ . ‘v ‘ .2 . .2 .: -.z ,3. ....". ,.:-.s ...:.. ‘..~.. J .. ..- .. . 1. , a ,c. . . . I. \ - . . . : ‘ ‘ . ' ,x,’ ‘- , , I ,. - ‘ ' F ‘ s . ‘ .v . . ' I . '. I) | . . . . , - ' . x v ' . I .\ Q j 0 ‘- O. ' l ‘ - g -‘ .‘ ... b ': g . J '.‘ I a . - ---\ ‘- . .l s - ' 3‘ ‘I ‘ . . I . ‘ ‘- -~ ' ' . : ~ - . . v e . — u | _ ' l . 'g a g ’ . 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" - 4 ' , ., O ' v, .‘0 ' . ' u ‘. ~ . g n ‘ . * V ' ‘ ’ O u ’ - i ' e 7'. .‘ t ' 1.1 q I J I :y a a . 4 ‘ l . .1 \ ‘ , 1.1 " o . .‘ ..~' ‘ _ 1 . .' I! , . . . , . ~ . ’ . " — , , » .J . , .— g - . , . I . - . . a . \ . £ . _, “ | ‘ ,g 1". .n .. x _ ‘ . u I ..’ I ‘ V . \ '. ". ' z - 1“ . . 'u ‘ A D I \ I Q . I ¢ 5 . , ‘ , ’ _ . , _ . . . . . _ , , . . ' \Iv . w ‘ 0w . "., ', l..' tn .9 ..' 3.1.:3 " . m2 ‘ \¢ .\' ' u . . . l . . ' v\ " - I . . . " ; ~ ‘ ' a . a , ‘. -. ' . i _. o . ' I P . . u _ ‘ . . . 7 . . . . . ‘ . , ' ~ - I. ‘. A ._ a .. ' . . ’_ j. j -,‘ .. . - ., ‘ ' . L ) - " ' "‘ ‘ k ‘ " " II‘ ‘ ‘ .""" ’ "‘ ' “I "'\ “ 'ru"'\‘x‘v‘r'".‘-'-‘v-"a"" NM—V‘“: ‘. >\ 'o .5 v I"""" §-'-‘u-v--O.I“' ‘ .~—4n-‘ ‘I-‘H ”‘ (Ow-"\«u-p-u ~I. . . ‘ . l ‘ , J_ , ‘ , y- .. , . u . - 0.1- ~u‘. . “n... In a _, ,, .— »-: I-a -_ . .. -swn -0.» . - . . ' \ I . ) ’ n . 5 ~ , . . ., ' . . 1 l - ' ' I ' ’ a -‘ ‘ . \ ‘ I ' ‘ V ' ' ' ' I , A - .. I A , . .1 , . ,' , ' . . . \ . . . . . . .' g ’ . .. O I . .. .,‘ v | ' 4 , n . { ,'_ u A' . . l1 ‘ ,g 1” b I, ‘ .e . o . ¢ .‘ g ,' -u - .. ..' ' ~ \ .1 'l . v. , - ‘ u . o ' - I . a 1 . O 'r Y . . . . - - 1 « . . . - - . , .- _~‘ _ . . - g . p . . . ‘ e ' . - 4 ' . _ . ‘- L i , . . - . g. . . , ‘ ‘ ‘ é 3' 4 , ' a '. 'n ‘ \ II‘ I ', 1'- ‘ g." .5 , . ‘ ‘. ‘ ‘ . J . v . I . .I ,‘ , . \ i, ‘ , y ' . . u , . ‘ . ‘, r . ~ .. . L a — t | -. I . _. .. _ ‘ ' i I . I‘ ‘ . ‘. . . . , , . . | , p | . _ v u A . . . 4 ~a ' . - -‘ .1. -'.- . ,. -.- - ;'. 3 - i ,-..-: a ..,- L «:3; in.\ -.~' ~ 1'. ' .4 ~ W;. ' i . i ‘ I I ‘ ' ‘ \ . ' ‘ . ., ' - -. ‘\' ‘ ' . . . . 1 - 1 3 . .‘ , I . ' ' ‘ . ‘ ’ . . I] ‘ ' I” _' ) .a . - . '. , u . ~l . ' . ._ g _ ' . ‘ V s ‘ . u' . 1' V C , ' , .- 1 .' - 7 .‘ " ' ‘ ‘ , , . - ‘ - ‘ . A . . I - ' . I . ) , < ' . ' ‘ . 0 ‘ ‘ ’I I ’ '. ' V ' 4‘ > J x ‘ I I - , " a . ' ‘ . I .. '1‘ J ; 1 \. . ' - . . . .'. O. n. . --.. n4 - a-,.- .- .r.-‘ .4 f‘“' .... v,.,,r. .‘v -, ..‘n .. 0.. ..A ,., .‘, ..-‘ _ ,, . . ‘.,, ... .. .,.. h . .. u. ,. _1_ In,“ " " ~ .. , _, . I I ”'5‘. r,” 9 '. ' ‘ '0 a . ' - r u . - -- g < .» a .. . _I x .. | ‘, . . ' \ . .-‘I *- ‘ . - ‘. ‘. , '...‘.. ‘_ f. r ,‘L: -\u " ' . (‘ I - g“; ' . . ' ‘ s 0 ~ v . I n' .' ’ .. l v . 4 i I , . _ ‘ ! . ' 0 ' _' V ‘ . ‘ o ' , , . _ . a ‘ ', ~ . - ' , , , . K ~ " . ‘ '_ I " . - 3 . r l ‘ X . . ~ , , a ’ ~, . . . . —‘ ' - ' ‘ V ‘ ' I I l- I A I.’ l --. 5‘ ‘- ‘ .. . ‘ -_ . K , . . a . -. . . " I . J I. I 7‘, I . ' 4 ‘ ‘.| .A k ' H b. ' ' ' .. ‘ ~ r I .' 'n. ' ‘ " )." . . ' . i » I ' ' . ' " f ' ~ ’ " ‘I ‘ . . . . f . ‘ . . . . 4v, ., .. v.. Q .'.-J. .h *~-:‘.~r~. .- .- .rp‘ - vi ..v ..«,L.: i I . _ .‘ \ n . . . ' _ r ' . . . 4 ..| _ - ‘ . . 4 . A . 1 u ‘p . - , \ - , . \‘ _._. ‘ ' o I. , . ‘ 4 . 1 . ,t , , 3 . . 5 - « g , . _ . i l‘ . ‘. I, n _ " ' ' 'r' 'I at H. ' .~>-‘ ' ‘ ' ‘ -' ~ "~53 ' ‘ ' ' . L l ' ' . ‘ '- .r -J' 5 ..’ . ‘ . . ' v. ' ‘I. ‘ .’ . . 1 .' ‘ I ' v ' l'. .’ ‘ i . g ‘ v . . ' ' ‘ .' l " , a : .' ‘ 1 '. . ' . . .‘ ' .' I . ‘ ' . ' y I l’ ' ‘ , ‘ \c ‘ . fl mi . F. . ' d' ' - t f ' .: . I a - 4; . -‘ f ' H- ‘ ,. ’ .‘ o - . . ', r ‘ ‘ J '. -,_: e' . A ~ . l . . . ‘ , ; _ u u ‘ , g . . ‘ ‘ , r ‘ .n » . ‘ . ' ~ .I “ ,_ , ' - - ~ .1 9 . . ' l . ., . 1 , , - . , . . A . l, t A . - ' ' ‘ I ‘. , l . . . .' . , i '. l ' .5 .; A l ' ' u‘ ,_ I I . : 1 , I 5‘ , . \J' v A . i . i. . ' 4 r r f o . . . . ' . , . i . ‘ ',I v * ' .' Iv 1‘ P . ,, .. . .‘ ‘ ~ ' l . ,, v' \ L . J... 5. Has the state repealed the law making it mandatory that boards of education in districts not maintaining an approved high school and high school tuition? Act 226 of the Public Acts of 1955 repeals the mandatory provision that tuition up to 660 must be paid by boards of education in oth- er than approved high schools. This act also provides that boards may, upon vote of the people, provide tuition above 665 and in those districts bordering other states, boards may pay the actual tuition to legal high schools, receiving reimbursement the follow- ing year. 6. How will the tultion be paid? The tuition for l935~36 will be paid at the rate of 665 for each non~resident pupil in school in l954~35, direct to the high school. Tuition will be paid in addition to the regular net amount of aid given on membership. 7. ls this high school tuition payment deductible from the amount of primary money that the rural district is eligible to receive? The high school tuition money is taken from the state aid money distributed under the Thatcher-Saur Act. 8. Is tpition allowance given forlngn-residents below the ninth grade? Districts voting to close one or more grades are required to send their children to other districts. Reimbursement for tuition up to 640 per child is included in the gross allowance of the sending district after a two year period. In the meantime the district will receive whatever aid it would be eligible to receive if the school were kept open. 9. Are g1 stricts having less than 800 children on the census limited in the amount of aid they may receive? Districts having less than 800 on the census are limited to speci- fie amounts based on the number of teachers and number of pupils. These limitations conform to the amounts previously spent by these districts. The districts having their high school tuition paid by the state fall within this classification. 10. What limitations are placed on districts having less than five teachers in elementary school and less than five teachers in high school? An elementary school having one teacher and less than 12 pupils in average membership is limited to a gross allowance of 665 for each child. An elementary school with one or more teachers and having from 12 to 44 pupils in average membership is limited to 6750 for the first 12 pupils plus 69 for each additional pupil. An elemen- tary school having two or more teachers and from 30 to 80 pupils in average membership is limited to 6912 for the first 30 pupils, plus 655 for each additional pupil. An elementary school having three or more teachers and from 60 to 120 pupils in average mem- bership is limited to 61962 for the first 60 pupils, plus 640 for each additional pupil. 'r ;. C’ n I a C‘I I . . A I . ' u i x 3 . C I .o t. . . . .- - I I . . -' '- ‘ J ’ -' I . 1 . A‘ . ' " . C ,; . -. . ~ I .4 : .' -. . . - -. 'f'- ' I' " - v~ h: ' n v , .. . . .. .--'\~--‘ n.“ Pr'i"u~'l|'. ..a~-.~‘- I . . ~I . . . - . ‘ . - . .~ , ov~I-..~~-.. - ,‘ ' I . ' ‘ . , I ' c .. l B. ' ‘ o- - I ' ' . .I i ‘l‘ ' ‘I. . » L ‘ ' I 2 ' ‘1 ‘I r- . -~‘ -..o.‘ «w ,n .I. ....., - .._ . . I . , ,. . ... ‘ . . . , w. I . . ‘ V. .‘ ‘ ..a . . . .. u , , - . , . .' J - v' _ ‘ ' .., A-.. A , . 7‘ I- . -J ' I ~-_*-. I -I‘--.4 . . l N ' ; . v' . I, ‘. . I ‘ , -.- ' . ) l ' t . , . - . . . . _‘ ' a . I. ' I h I O - ‘ .’ : I L ‘4 . g n 1. ' . ~ . . . . _ t ‘ . .- . .‘ V. . u - , , I - A . . ) .,- I J I I: . v‘ ‘ . . . , . ; . . f ‘ I \J ‘ 4 J Q ' ‘ I. ' n I a .“x ‘ ' A . -'- ‘I ' » " ' . . . ' I ‘ , '. 1' :' ‘I ' . x ’ . . . . o . ' n . . . - I .. . «I '. '. " fl ( ' ; f ~ - ‘ ' ' ' ' 'r ' ‘ ' ‘ . . ‘ ~' V ‘ I I . . I ‘ v - . ' ' ‘I ‘ r ‘. , . o I ; ‘ . I I . . . , , . I u \ . s - , ~ . ' a ( ' -.- - . ‘ . \ n a ”x ' ‘ A n 5 ' . ' . ‘ . P . ,1 J . 4 '. I ’ a i . . .‘ . I 4 " . u . .‘ . . z . I . . s. ‘ J 7" A I. l 7;. . ‘ - ..4 . , - .I - u - . - 7, A-~ a . _ . v ‘. . ‘ .' ’ I J ‘A _ . , _ _ . - - . ~ I ‘. . - ‘ ‘ . ., ‘ . <. n z , , . .. . , . f ‘ - , _ . :. x ‘v . ‘ ' I ' a “ . 1’ -, ‘ '- . I. . T v ' - I.- . , . . ‘ I , .. _ . , 1' ' ‘ | ‘ ‘ ‘ J ' . f, . \ .' ' . . o |. n l - . I : . ‘ . . ' 4 I . . . .- , ~ .- ., . I ~ .- . . . . . _ . . . .' - ' ' \l 2 , ' ' ‘ ' . . . ‘ | 1 It 4 ' . 1 I I M ‘ ~ . ~ . II. . . . ‘ . . . . , : - ’ . = ' ' . . . f‘ " ’ 7 . ' ‘ ' ‘ ' 3 ' . I . ,KI . . ¢\ . I- - o. . . . , ‘ _ I.‘ J. . , . . . , . u, . . I . 4 a .. . ‘ru‘ . - v - . . n. . v. .- . I ‘ . n - \. . “v. p. rAID - .. . . . . , . -.n I . -. . u. .. «‘-~ I v . . 4‘. ' - . - I . , ‘ . . . ~ I . I _ I - .- 0' . .I J i - t "I l ' . ‘ ' .4, . I . 1 ' , . . .’ .... . - .. . . . .. . ... . . . - - .. .... -.-. . .. , . . . . . J . -.‘ _.. ._.0 ‘ . A' ‘ . - - 4 I- ' v - ~ ' ‘ v- . ’ - .. ' .' . I I '2 . ‘ - } ‘ . i y ‘ O ‘ A . . A , . I 1 . 5' . " V ‘ 5 ‘ I‘ _' u " . ,‘ . g ‘5 - .,- x ' a . I "' . v ‘ _. J .. . . -, , . .- -. a -. - 2 ~ I I. J I . . . I I p '. . g ' . o . o .I 2' . ‘ v‘. . ‘. l— .\ . .— . ‘ . _.' ~ «’4‘ ‘ . ‘ . . .,,.... ,. ‘ . .~ -.-..- . .7. , . . .u .p.‘ «.4. .....I. . ‘- -—.. ..‘ -,~. «_I .-« -- -~.7-- . . { . r. - ‘1 . , —v . I . ’ , : . a l. , > .I II‘ _ 1“ . .' ,. ~\ ; I 1 . 4 -' -- - a. . A A C .n A l \ . . — I 5 .I’ ‘ ‘ ‘ . .‘ . 1 ' f ' , . . . , . , . . . O . ' I I ‘ I v ’ ’ I f . I . . ‘ . ' I H] . .. ‘ . 1 O \ . VJ » . Q . . - \ ' -. ,‘ A w . v . ' . ‘ » ' - V - - . ' ' (. . , '1 ' I ' . A I ‘ _. ‘ ' .‘ -‘ ~ J “ ~, 1 . ' ‘I . 'a L .. ‘x r . '- . o ‘1 2' ‘ . f L . r . . I _ ' ' ' ' . u ' I 1 ' I ‘f -‘ . '- - ~ , I ‘ I S Io \ I} . ' ~" ' . , \ ¢ V . I ' p I v . I I J a . ‘4 ‘. J 4 a . .I i . 5 k . k ‘ a v ‘ ' ‘ ' ‘ a . . . ,J ‘ I - ' ' . - O ‘ ‘ . .~ I ' n . I n . W ' 'x n ,. . ‘ ‘ I c ' ~ ' ‘ . ".. :9 J . # j ‘ .v ' ‘ ‘ _ § ‘ J. ~ 3 .. ‘ . ' . . .' I'.‘ v- . - . . . _- , _. . - .. . . .. I. ,. . ‘...., > ..I. . . ..‘ .. . .. , u -. . .- -,V ,. ..-. . A. . .‘ .. ' I ' DI- . - t ‘ u ‘ I ~ I -? ‘ | ~ . _. ' I I . .. .. -- I .I.- ' ‘ n - . . . . . -.... . ~ . . . . ‘ . .. v A ‘ I ‘I I I ' ’ ‘ l _ - . I ‘ I - ' . , . . ‘ - ’ - .- .3 . 's A I I ,d , . . . a ‘ . . . ,A .r . . 4 . ‘ I I u . - . . ' . '.' - fl ' ' ' ' ‘ i 3 5 ' ~ . r - .f .. » "" 'I ' ‘ L é . . I . n n . , . I . . . , . ’ .’ ~ I 1 ' , . . ’ i t 5 .1 ‘ J ' ' . ‘ I '. ‘ f _ 1' ' k .\ l- a . . . .I . . , I . ‘. . I .' ' ' . . . f "1 . . r . 3 - a ' . l ; . .- -:. . - ; . .~ . ' ‘ x . . . I‘ . ' ‘ I I ' . , , I . f A . 4. ( . , I. ‘ a . . ‘ I . .. . ‘i ‘ - q ,' »' . ‘ . ' . I ' . . . . z -. . . ~ ' ‘ .~ . I. 4 ~ : ' - ' — ‘ . v . . . N.‘ -. . . < A». . .o ..g .. .. r... .. . , . _. .. . . ..- n I . , \ . f - . , ‘ , ‘ , | ‘ . v, _ \ . . ‘ I - V . , ; -f ‘ ' ,. . -I.- I I . u ' v . — .' . .. . a .. . . A . _ . I , .I . . . - . - .. . . , . . . l : . . . _ < - . . , , A I . I ' t . ' - ‘ . I- A . ~ 9 A‘ ' ' o . ‘ .' i ,' - ‘, ' 4,. t - - . t. ._ . . . . I . . . _ ,. I ,, , . . . _ I . f . . .\ J ~ . ' ' . ‘ '_ 1 1; - . .‘ A . ' . ' ' 1 - ‘ I " . . ‘ . _a I .f l I l I ., : Q 1 - ' U . ‘ l " ~ . ‘ ‘ . V. i" I I. ‘ . - ‘- -' I ‘. A . . o I » , n I o ‘ ' ‘v ' f “ ' I. ‘ I . . t 1 . ‘ = ' ‘ . . - { . L - - . 4 . - 1 . . : . n . _ .4 , . . . - . . I 1' . r . “ l - I ‘ I‘ k u ' ‘ ' ‘ - ‘ 1 .o 4 ' . r -‘ ‘ ' H ' ‘ . I’ I , _ . - . .I .- . . . ‘ I . . . r I ’ I . ,. 0. ' - ' I ‘ . . J ‘ I I I J .9" ..I z . '. A. I I . - .. . . o . , Ix. , 'x i . 1 . - . -. . - ~ ‘. - - '- _ ' -, ’ - r ' . -‘I ‘ \ . \ L 4' ‘ . ' ‘ ' '~ “' k . I . . .— f - ' . v . o . . > ‘ ~ ' , K - ‘. . . » , _I . ._. f 5 g g In. .0 1 J . . ), I . . ' ' l . v \ D ' . 5 ‘ \ , . _ . . u 3 I J . v 1 J '. _g . i ‘ ' > Q E ' . . ' - r ' . . I ‘, . . An elementary school having four or more teache s and from 90 to 160 pupils in average membership is limited to “3162 for the first 90 pupils plus $55 for each additional pupil. To ascertain the net amount of state aid it is necessary to deduct from the amount of these gross allowances, a sum equal to a two and onevhalf mill tax on the equalized valuation of the property within the district, plus primary school interest receipts, plus tuition receipts, if any. High schools having one teacher and from 15 to 35 pupils receive an allowance of $975 for the first 15 pupils in average member~ ship plus $30 for each additional pupil. High Schools having two or more teachers and from 30 to 65 pupils in average membership will be given an allowance of $1600 for the first 50 pupils plus $40 for each additional pupil. High schools having three or more teachers and from 45 to 80 pupils in average membership will re- ceive an allowance of $2550 for the first 45 pupils plus $50 for each additional pupil. High schools having four or more teachers and from 70 to 105 pupils in average membership will receive an allowance of $3800 for the first 70 pupils plus $58 for each ad- ditional pupil. These amounts are in addition to the net allow- ances for elementary schools inasmuch as the deductible items are subtracted but once for each district. 11. What is the gross allowance for elementary schools having at 12. 13. least 150 elementary children in average membership and five or more teachers? The gross allowance is computed at $48 for each child in average membership. The net appropriation of aid is secured by subtract- ing a sum equal to a two and one-half mill tax on the equalized property valuation of the district, plus primary school interest fund receipts, plus tuition receipts, if any, from the gross al- lowance. What is the allowance for high schools having at least 95 pupils and five or more teachers? The allowance for high school pupils is $65 per child in average membership. This allowance is in addition to the net allowance for the elementary school inasmuch as the deductible items are subtracted but once for each district. What grades are considered as elementary grades and what grades are classified as high school grades? In districts teaching only the first eight grades all pupils are classified as elementary. In districts teaching classes above the eighth grade the pupils in the grades from the kindergarten to the sixth inclusive are classified as elementary and in all other grades taught, up to and including the twelfth grade, pupils are classified as high school pupils. 14. What allowance is provided forktransportation? Township school districts, rural agricultural school districts, and districts voting to close one or more grades are allowed an additional amount for transportation up to $40 per pupil. It is necessary to levy the maximum tax rate allocated by the county 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. allocation board to be eligible to receive this transportation allowance. The amount allowed is based on the amount legally spent for transportation two years previous. The state board of education is given authority to designate routes over which children are transported, the suitability of transportation vehicles, and the distances that children are required to walk. Is an allowance made for sub-districts of township school dis- tricts? The act provides that the superintendent of public instruction may grant an additional net allowance of $500 for each sub~dis- trict school maintained in a township school district provided such a school is necessary and at least 60 per cent of the pupils attend the main or central school. onn what dates will the money bevpaid? The act provides that the money shall be paid in three install— ments. These installments are to be made on the first days of the months of October, January, and March, one~third of the distribution to be sent out teach time. From what officer does the school district receive its state aid? The law now provides that the Thatcher-Saar aid, the primary school interest fund, and library money, shall go direct from the county treasurer to the school district treasurer. Formerly these funds went through the township treasurer's hands also. How will the county treasurers know the names and addresses of school officers? County commissioners are charged with the duty of providing their respective county treasurers with lists of names and post office addresses of all treasurers, presidents, secretaries, moderators, and directors of all schools in their county on or before the last day of August in each year. Eor what purpose may a school district use the Thatcher-Saur school aid money? The money may be used for any purpose for which school money may be spent except "for the purpose of acquiring, purchasing or leasing any site or sites, or addition to any site, for school- houses, libraries, museums, agricultural farms, athletic fields and/or playgrounds; purchasing, leasing, acquiring, erecting or building and equipping such buildings or any addition thereto, for school, library, or museum, or for use in connection with agricultural farms, athletic fields and playgrounds, paying salary or compensation to any member or officer of the board of education or school board of said school district; or paying any principal and/or interest on any indebtedness of said school district." -4- .. ' . . . I . . C . , , I C . I . I I . ' ‘.. - I l ‘ a . , . . . , - II - I‘ l . \ I u I I . . l I . . ' l I “ l ' “ , o. . r . a ' , ‘ I ‘ I . l ' " n V. o . . . . . . . . ~ . . ; . . ‘ h A u . ‘ , . n ' ' ' n . . I . . x ' I ‘ _ . . , . . ') . .‘ t . r . . v u ' ' s ‘ I . . . ' ‘ . . ' " . ,. \ ' . t ' . I . I ‘ h 1 . .' " ‘ I ‘ ‘~ ~ ‘ . .i . . I , ' ' ‘u , ' ' ; D ' ‘ . . 1 ' ' . , ,. ,' ' . l v . . | . ‘ " ,~ . , . A ' ' I , " . ' . 1 ' c ' $ ' , . 20. 21. 22. Mustmtheyschool distriht lay! a local property tax to entitle it to receivegstete aid, provided the district is eligible to re- ceive state aid after the deductions have been made from the gross allowances? To be eligible to receive aid a school district must levy twox and one-half mills of local pr-Operty tax for purposes for which the Thatcher— Saur aid may be used. Qpes the requirement of a two and one-half mill levy change the minimum millage of four mills allowed schools under Act 62 of the Publicygcts of 1935 as amended? The provisions of Act 62 of the Public Acts of 1935 as amended, allowing schools a minimum of four mills, is still in effect. The two and one-half mill requirement has nothing to do with determining the minimum allowance for schools under the millage allocation act. Upon what year are computations made? All computations except for the payment of high school tuition, are based on reports made two years previous to the actual dis- tribution of state aid money. This procedure is necessary since the state aid is computed prior to September 1. On this date the annual reports for the immediately preceding fiscal year are unavailable. I ' j I ' ~ . . . u- a. . . p' . . . _ 0 . c ' . ~ ’ ' ‘ h I ‘ ’ - . A . ’ y . . , - . q - ’ . ' . _ a ' - 1 , . ' . ' cl ' ’ A n . . . . . . - . . . V I J o v - - u , . I , o t n . r a ' . . ‘ 4‘ . v , . . . . . , . . , . . - . .. . . , l ' ‘ v , s , . ' ’ O t . ‘ ‘ , . , ‘ . . no - . n 1 l , ~ ‘ ‘ ‘ ' . . , . ‘ , ‘ . o .‘ , I . . . . I 't , c_ . ’ J ‘ . . . l a ' r ' l . , , . _ . . I . l ‘ ’ n ' .. f . I ~. 1 ' . .4 ‘ v u ’. ' - ’ . ' , ‘ ' u o ‘ 1 . - c ' I ~ ' y ' .v . 1 . , , ' . - y s v ,- , . - . _ - . . - . . .- . - ' I _ u f w . . a C ' ' ' I . ~ ~ . ‘ | . . ‘ .‘ ' ' . . . I ' I ' . - _ -.» , . .l ‘mgltffi Au.xy . H is: RODM USE ONLY Sui ”3'r M (“31.153 “13’39 lam-1’3 a we 3&24 ‘1 5" 29?” K. 6 'll uflgzlfifi "5w 2 7 '55 m 27. '5‘ not: :7 '5 PL MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY I l I ll llll I ll WW“ 1 40 3 1193 03 45 22