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1‘5... . .

The {cantativo Water System of Hanan Suburb,

Canton, China a

A. Thesis Submitted to
The moulty of.
Civil Engineering: Department
of

_‘~

131931331: 521:3. co:..1.;;:;2::

3:]
. "Jay
(P "
Gun 11. Liam;

J

Candida“ for the Degree at

 

Bachelor of Science

In 01111 Mrimering

Juno 19.36.

{Hat-MS

Loy-N

Content .

Chapter I.
mamuomw
General Sm.
Population 8M1“.
Chapter II
WAT” COEE’LJULEKLUH
Variou- Conawnption
Total Conlmnption of 133th per 0391138.
Variations in Conswnption
Ember of Fir. Stream Required.
Conclusion.
Chapter 111
50112105 u? mbPLY
Rainfall and firm-off
Dilohargo of Canton River (Back Reach)
Chapter 1y.
1313911131353 ":0 sum
Minimizing Reservoirs
Punping Plant am Filtration
‘ :erngertmnt of Pip. limo.
Chap“! V.

ESILéaIEE 003T.

Chapter I

UHRUD UC‘i‘ Lon.

. Water in one of tho noooooitioo to tho lifo of a
oomnmity. Ao oloanlinooo and health oro oloooly alliod. and so
a ouppm or fairly pm drinking water orfootivoly onto down tho
rang-o of typhoid and othor kindroo diooaooo, homo my mioi-
paiity would hnvo o publio rotor oupply of good quality.

Lib all other omtero o: inmntry in tho Oriont. Subbum
Hanan at tho prooont, obtaino hor oupply of outer from tho river.
open vollo oo toop no 300 to 400 foot and tiltrod rointoll. In may
ooooo, peeplo of mll-to-do hovo to mo thoir mtor of ooIIo
poripototio "Moro at noooooarily high unit priooo (non ton oonto
per 100 Mono). Consequently, the oonomnption in moh loo. than
the otandurd oo in United Statoo.

Sim 1904. Canton hao her own oyotom mopting Hanan
Sm. it no built by the combinod intorooto of tho City Government
and tho businooo men. In 1910 it no ontironr enamel. we: tho
contract of o otook oorporotion with on authorixod oapital or $2, 250, 000.
By 1921 it woo found that tho oystem woo poorly momma: thon, tho
Publio Utilitioo Department of Canton took over the proJoot; I

Tho {immiol condition of Canton for tho poot tin yearn.
io grovdng day by day am year by your. Naturally o pipo built oorooo
tho river at prooont, 1o no quootion, but from tho ooononiool and tho
water supply standpoint of via for tho tuturo it io noro oonnniont

to build a now plant in Hanan Suburb. rJl'ho reasons oro no follows:

l. Tho filter plant of. Canton water mm is
too umll for tho prooont papulotion of
897.210 and tho mtnro inoroooing of
population of. 1,560,000 oo ootinntot.

2. Tim also of tho min pipo in too mu.

3. Tho oyotom of diotribution io nouitablo
for tho largo city to Canton

4. Tho cost of the oroao rivor pipo would b.
no uponoivo no the filter and tho mug
plant.

Mot tho tnnoportationofohinniooarriodnhw
bouto in tho rivor. Nearly all otm oro navimblo; any plan
of Ming tho tributes-loo met to postponod for at loan {in
yuan. attaining water from tho aroma oomo Ionic oouoo ooriouo
trouhlo vith privato own will, oopooinlly in tho by omen. It
votor mt be obtained. tho only oouroo in from tho river, and tho
moot oxononioal io rivor bottom into» or opon ropid oond filter
Plan.

MW

Canton io tho oapital city of Mustang Provinoo and also
an important cannot-om center in Southern mm. It io oituotoo in
o dolto Inoro tho throo rivet-o - the Boot. Watt and north - not.

Ito location it oonoidarad to to a very prodnotivo and tortilo piooo
or land. Long ago tho city had oommmioationo with other oonntrioo:
namely. so near o .Ehillipino Iolond, Java and Singporo, and oo for so

Enropo and arteries. 'i'ho oity. therefore. acquired ito oomnoroial

importanoo from 9. vary for origin. Ao timo wont on. it had boon
brewing and tonnalioing thooo offorto moo to improvo it. At pnoont
tho increasing of papulation, the growing of buoincoo and tho olooo
contact with othor not iono. altogcthor, havo moo tho city tooomo more
important that it not to bo.

Tho Hanan om. tho Southom section of tho city. in
ooporatod by o rivor (Canton rinr) from tho min city. In thio ooction
sort of tho nonfatal-arc and indnotuoo oro loootod.

angling!“ {aiming
Tabl. ‘o
Population of tho City of Canton, it a. (0110!!!

 

A roari_. Paunlntimn..__.__.

 

 

1913 821,463
1921 009,128
19:32 613, 54.6
loot 866,621
1925 897.210

 

POP'Lllatiml in Honor; 8 ubnrb.

 

 

Table 1-3
Your _ P0211184; ion,_
1918 77.152
1921 73, 840
1922 80, 165
19214 85, 630
- 192.5 88, 128

 

In comparison between these two tabla, tho total overcame
number or pwplo living in Hanan mm is about mo-tcnth of the

total nnmgo population of Canton.

 

ln figuro I. looking; at thooo. we can find out how
rapid tho pepnlntion heo incrcaoot on! on can oaoily cotimto that
ottor 30 year. it may mount to 170, 000.

Population of different sections io eo follma

Sections Papnlation
1 50,000
2 56,000
3 35,000
4 to 0

170,000
Chapter II

W.3.§‘EJR COE’JSUETIC‘TI

Tho mount of water io oonomod preportionoto to tho oilo
orthooitn mintho oamo city itmyveryoccordingto tho
weather. tho oitizon. omrom an “atrial condition and tho
noo of water motor-o. .

tron tho rotor on”): otendpoint. to may mm. tho oitioo
into {our clooooot (1) Commercial outer or honor. (2) Inductrial
Contor. (8) College town and m {an comtn'. Alto than an threo
different onyo or using tutor in o city; no, (1) Dantotio noo. (2)
Cmrciol and industrial mo and (a) Public noo. To calonlato tho

tutor oupply. touring out of pipe lino, etc” would oonoo o considerable

bis lounge, thio it an inevitable case. in order to get on
mutate calculation of itc emomwt of water need, thio point should
not be neglected.

The“ oitioo where all the common intelloc outer metero
in 0.55 .51. in 1920 showed the average commzption per capite daily, one
from 60 to 99 @1103.- uhile in other oitioe more the inotollation
of meters tom loco than 10 per mt. tho mt we {run 137 to 277
gallon per oopite daily. Thi- ehon why the conetxnption of voter io
afferent from city to city. became theoo not having inotolloo motor!
anally waste more water than it really nooooou'y.

no the Public Utilitiee Department of Canton otetod. that
“mummthntencm otootorincnohouooortho
houoo io Michecoith modern Ihcworancootor olcoot on! m
(contain. it not to furniehod oith eater motor in order to prevent
tho note or water.

W
i. Domenic Use - We my eloooify the more into three eleoooo:
(1) 31011. (2) 3114410 and (3) poor. The "filthy hcoohcldeno nee more
water than the middle clone and the poor noo leoo than the middle
close. but acne time the label-ere m use a conoicioxoble amount of
mater.

The ammotio one of water per capitc per day in 0.34.
it from 16.8 mile. to 71 gale. (See table is) From the different
data obtained it can be camel-iced that for a metered oupply. the
domestic one for an entire city will ronrre ordimrily from about 20

to 59 gallons per day.

II.

III.

IV.

Communal and Industrial Uco - t:hio includeo all the counoroiel
end Mistrial were or water. The greater ommmt or the water it
need by the mtaumto, otoreo. office mums, hotelo, dairy
boom. textile mm and all othoro. In teblo (a) it give: mince.
rengim from about 10 gallons to over 50 €111ch per cepito daily and
il mirm topmeontat ive.
Public Ute «— t‘hio incluooo thc nee or water w the public. no for
otroot oprinning, mtobtronche one fountains: fir. “Humming.
lower flushing and the fluehimg of water nine. eohoolo and other
public builuimzo. pom and o few other occasional coco. Eopociolly
the amount used in eohoolo and other public building). in which
millione of gamma are often wasted dolly.

In Fall River. that... 0.89%.. the public me or water
for 1914 one deeigmted by the amount per onpite [or on co 12.74
gallono and in Cleveland. Ohio in 1910 the amount one 6.31 gallon-
per capitc per day. the average public use or water in either Europe
or U.S.A. it from 5 to 15 gallons per capita per dew.
Leno and mote -- some large city in 0.5.11. gave very high commption
of voter (200 to 500 gallant per capitn daily) and after the installation
of voter meters. it one round that the greater'port of the note we
a to the loamy of pip lines and the cumin-on an of tho consumer.
Another important ceueo rccultofrom the poor quality (or gettinn old)

of pipes, and the meters and pumps have been: «tied for tone yooro.

The careless use by the people can be elimith by

the installation of meters, but these are still minor motes that we

met take into account. no in amoral. the whole problem can be

corrected and the amount of water mooted, {greatly decreased.

In 0.3.13. this leakage is eomzmed as from 15 to 40

gallons per capite. per day.

(twining the above estimates for various purposes. we

have the even-ego conmnmion or water with suitable motor need as follows:

Table 2o

Gallon. per Capital For any

 

 

 

Kind of Use. __ i
Hininm Mime Average
Damotio :20 50 35
Commercial as industrial 10 50 30
Public 5 15 10
Loos 5: «note 15 to 36
Total 50 155 100

 

The quantity of water consumed in certain of the lam

cities or Europe is stated no follow:

Paris
Mars
Londnon
Liverpool
Motown
Copenhzs-{sen
Dresden
Berlin

55
4.4
39
ea
37
27
26

‘9
Lao-o

 

“vex-age

37.25

Gallons per cnpitn
per’dqy
R

W
'
I.
‘l

at {recent there are only one-fifth of the total pepulotion
in the city of Canton using water from the liming-tints: water works. the
coneunption p3 Oiipliia daily is 220 gallono. It in loss than four-fifths
an contoured with 13.; . (100 [53.13.0115 por caipitn (Lilly), and is lees than
about 17.5 gunman an tampered. with the average of nurope. The main
roe-non of those fact: my be ottztod no £0110?!on

l. Sewerage wanna are not quite well laid. off.

2. rho housing coalitions are not quite properly eating“.

3. Monty of the householder. mm their rolls.

4. The poor close one well or river water. Some peeplo use
public water for drinking purposes and use well outer for
washing pumiccc.

'i'he inproveauont o: sewerage system in of vital importance
in 1'03?“ to the problem of the city. so the city authorities have been
planning to impel-re it. no anthems. the oomoniwtion methods have
been in;;..rovod. The ininctireo and coroneroeo ore growing and also the
living ttondnrd it raised; it 13 to for as w oboorvation is concerned;
I take p1 ensure in toying that wi thin the heat for years the new
“vertigo system will be Ooxz'zpletcd and than the public one or water will
be incroooozi.

no the comeroicl and industrial aevolopennt end the
papilla-tick: in the city is immneing eo nyldly, just stated above. the
oonemnption o: 30 gallons per capita per do.) mum not be token no the
real base of the onlouljdon for the i‘utm‘e. to reasonable. I shall
eetinote that it will be £141)? to take 51'.) gallows per capita per day,

except those occasioned by the service.

lmonthly Variations - During the year the high monthly rates or

consumption are usually in the Sumner, with more than the usual
sprinkling or loans, or Winter, with s high rate for fire protection

(see Table 3}. The highest rate is about 120% of the average.

11. Daily Variations - The daily rate of the city of Cantu! does not

differ moh between the average. Coroneroial rates ere quite constant.
since they run their business on Sunday too, excepting that the
industrial and school uses are elmost nothing on Sunday. Domenic use
is generally greatest on the any of the middle and the end or each month.
Gmnlly the high daily consmption or 15 gallons per capits (130%)

in edition to the average. will be quite sufficient.

Iii. Hourly Variations - Ususlly the high rate of eonsmption in Canton

IV.

is generally from 7 Adi. to 12 AJl. and from 5 P.M. to 10 9.14. Within
these ten hours. the rates are about 150 percent of the average daily.

lire Gunsmption -- The amount of water used for a fire may be several

times the total consumption for s day, and the unzi- water constmmion

pest minute during the fire, may be many timee the rate per minute of
ordinasv oonsmption. So the consumption for large tires met than be
considered in addition to the rate stated above. U
Each tire stream threes 250 gallons per mimte. as required
by the Fire Department or the City of Canton: also the durstion or the
tire consumption has been estimated at about 4 hours fella-ed in 8 days

as s miximun for the full number or stream.

Table 3
A__..- ,M.M£uocfltmnr:l9;£ Eli—12:33»

 

 

 

 

30. of Firel Loss of Houeee by Fire
Haiti: Dime-finial Light 1m; thole Half
Jan. 3 0 61 6
Feb. 3e O 3 3
her. 3 l l l
A 5. 1r. ‘ 0 19 3
it? 7 O 22 2
June 1 l 1 1
J 1113 O O n 0
Aug. 3 O 8 1
Sept . 6 0 18 6
Oct. 6 0 6 1
how. 10 O 59 11
“JIM-— 4 3 fill 5
Jan. 4 4 108 2
Feb. 6 2 3? 2
her. 8 2 £3 5
£913. 5 1 8 1
Iii-3. 3 2 3 3
June 2 l 33 1
July 4 0 5 2
huge 5 0 57 7
Seat. 4 O 3 3
Get. 13 O 3 8 5
Nov. 15 0 3?0 6
Dee. 7 l 10 3

 

n!
.3
E:
83
us
fi
0

meter of Fire stratum Haggai-ed.

By the formula of the .‘enerioun lutioml Board of Fire
Underwriters.
Q -1020J2(I--Ol.ff)

”there Q a tire flow in gallons per minute and x .4 Population in

thousands.
Q = lOZOJ‘fib (\mow'fi‘o)

= ”,5362 golions per min.

ll,536.2 -:— 250 = 4b sireoms.

In this wee tom 30 etmeme in bus inese section ml 16

streams in maidentird section.

991013»! on

 

('Mmtity of Visitor needed daily, includine fire protection,

Equivrement an tm basin of a four ho‘u' fire:

31.9.3.
AVBmge oor'ieumpticm 8 50 x 17'0, 000 :- 8.5
Simmer 3: Winter “ 8 8, 500,000 x 1.2 '-' 10.3
Maximo daily " $- 8,500,000 1 1.8 3 11.05
maxim hourly " II 8.55.30, 323-2130 1 1.5 3- 1.2.75
Fire communion «2 33.50 x 46 x 4 z 60 = 2.73

(oval-ace communion = 590:?) gallons per min.)

H

*— '** ““‘"‘-""‘_"'1.lt_'_' 3":

TQ!LUV‘r"r'WULTu_U--l I D

i "i

.'.- -

0»

 

 

12

Chapter 111

50113.01“. UE‘ SUPI’LY

Imoot;.';-.ztiam relative to sewerage and sewerage disposal
my Beam 20.33-11.21: foreign to the duties of the city Emile Health Service.
but When i" is considered. that the surface water supplies of the city
constitute the mast extensive and most Ynlmeble sources of meter supply
for domestic and int‘uotritl purposes. it become of 5.51%th importance
to mamino into the {imitations of cur-race water with reference to their
pollution. this gal-.ution in ‘oro ght that prizmrily en a result of the
disoz-mrge oi‘ largo qmtitios of sewerage from various municipalities.
The water oi‘ stream is also «rooted detrhrmnthllg. by the niecharge
into them of malfeeturing motoc.

‘thilc the primary object of imoctictating the pollution of
etrema-s is to p. nerve them so far as practicable. as sources of Inter
newly. there are also MU other evils resulting from strewn polaution.
such an odor nuisance. the destruction or fish life and the rendering of
the ctnccms unfit for mvigntion and pleasure purpoees.

“lite City P513110 :10.le Service believes that all surface
ureter cup: lino ashould to purl-fiat by filtration or disinfection before
they are need for drinhing purposea. It has, therefore. promoted the
installation of filtration and.dleinfeotion.

lite following are the r-"ii‘i‘orent examinations of the Canton

river ureter. repon by state health service.

 

Rainfall and Runoff

 

 

Tible 4.

msynaal.
Sedimeuta 0.27 per sq. ft. of water.

Ohmioel.

Parts per mums.

m Armenia 0.10
chlorine 0.31
N. as Eitrite 0.004
Required (kqmon 3.06
femoral? Business 0. 30
Pam-non: " 0. 7 0

Bacteriolotioml
Colonies 185 par (1.0.
3. Cali 2 per 10 0.0.

7319 we: emaan of canton is firm 5.33311 to Septflar, one):

year. The high rainfall month is July - ita average nmmnt 13 9.54268

inches (or 312.2 milluzatcra), 15.7% at the total. minralle of each year.

Dmermer ie the Meet month «- its ammrm :1th is 1.57994. inches (or

40.1 millimtors}, 2.5-2- uf the total mint-33.1 a: each year.

£4

The mines yearly rainfall is 80.17466 inches (or
2034.! millimeters), the minim is 49.931 inches (or 1115.0 millimeters).
one the avenge is 60.62084 inches (or 1538.6 millimeters). For nonpor-
ison or these. it is found that s wet your hos 82,73 more than s dry year.

The count or rain which falls in any given region varies in
different [arts of the country. and only s part passes at: the surface.
either direstly or indirectly. the blame being disposed of partly by
«operation and partly by percolation into the aroma. That portion which
news of: the surface of the lane. in the tern of visible stream. 1: mt
may be called the {loci-flow.

The total flow of a stream, in general, is equal to the
rainfall, less the evaporation: the flood-nee is equal to the rainfall.
less the pemolation and evaporation.

In investigating the influences affootim; evaporation and
percolation, the Board. of Conservancy some of Wong believes its
ratio is about 60;; of the total yearly rainfall. The other tog: runs off
to the streams. Home the run-of: of rainfall to the streams per year
is 40,”. or 60.62084 inches. or equals 1.78 on. to. per second per sq. mile.

The area or the Canton river watershed is 1771.74 square
miles (or 4590 sq. 1511.). Therefore. the total run-off of rainfall per
year in this watershed is 3409 cu. ft. per second.

‘ Mealtime of Canton River (Bank Beach;

The discharges of Canton river are arm-m between the
periods at noes end «a. nu neon velocity u from 2.2 motion).
miles per hour (or 1.13 meters per second) to 6 nautical miles per
hour (or 8.1 meters per second). The discharge at the custom Buoy
yard is from 141.256 to 282512 cu. ft. per second (or from 4t to 8

mmomo on. meters per second).

Table 5
Rainfall at Canton

(in Ilillifzwters)

 

 

 

Years.
Knuth 117611-113?
908 909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 .1915 1916*
Jan. 137.6 168.4 31.0 47.0 121.2 36.6 00 11.7 6.8 2.3
Pet. 79.8 121.2 55.1 3.3 96.0 66.8 65.0 21.8 36.3 60.6
hint. . 20.3 98.8 41.7 102.1 178.6 74.7 35.0 125.8 70.7 82.8
691'. 15.6 128.0 124.8 206.5 90.9 75.0 258.5 131.8 108.2 124.4
hey 78.0 259.3 71.6 456.2 235.2 251.0 312.2 329.0164.1 259.6
June 226.9 215.7 213.1 72.1 565.5 251.0 269.9 256.0 232.1 231.4
July 329.2 144.3 291.6 176.6 219.5 123.2 537.2 275.3 84.3 242.2
Aug. 213.4 125.0 183.1 259.8 358.9 305.8 111.8 247.9 232.4 284.2
Sept. 102.1 85.3 123.7 28.2 24.2 321.8 245.1 21.6 115.1 118.6
Oct. 109.0 218.7 0.0 75.2 00 21.1 89.4 47.2 61.2 66.8
hoe. 0.0 10.7 63.3 109.0 1.8 15.7 125.8 82.6 00 45.4
Dee. 94.5 0.0 30.7 20.8 77.2 65.3 47.0 21.6 3.8 40.1

 

 

Total 1406.2 1575.4 1229.7 1537.0 1769.0 1606.0 2034.9 1572.3 1115.0 “151.6
Table 6

maxim High water level and Iiinimwn Lower az-eter
Level at the Guetoms Buoy Yarn. Cent-0n.

rigors in teeLebovs the 8886. («.- 103.659 meters)

 

 

 

 

 

Year 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 290mm
181:. Min. 118:. 81111. 1101. 11111. 1224:. 3.1111. 2283‘. Min. 1.18:. min. 2312.231:
heath 2.0.1.. 0.1.. 8.0.1.. EV.L.EI.W.L. 0.1.. H.W.L. 8.1.. 3.9.1.. 0.1.. 2.8.1.. 1... m:
Jan. 6.2 0.1 8.4 0.3 8.3 0.3 7.9 -0.1 6.2 0.3 6.4 8.3’ 8.23 0
Feb. 8.0 0.0 8.3 0.] 8.0 0.0 7.9 -0.9 8.4 -0.6 8.2 4.113 8.13-0
118:. 8.0 0.2 8.3 0.6 8.2 ~0.3 7.9 «0.2 7.9 0.1 7.6 0.0 7.98 0
Apr. 8.1 0.1 8.3 0.5 8.4 -0.5 8.4 0.1 8.2 1.3 7.8 0.1 8.30 0
2.123 9.2 0.7 9.0 0.8 8.9 0.7 8.6 1.2 9.3 1.4 8.8 0.7 8.97 0
J1me 9.4 3.0 9.7 3.0 8.9 1.1 9.9 1.5 9.0 1.6 8.9 1.6 9.20 0
July 9.6 3.3 9.3 1.6 9.0 1.2 9.5 3.0 15.7 3.6 8.5 0.4 10.27 2
Aug. 9.3 2.4 8.4 1.2 11.0 3.5 8.9 1.! 10.1 2.0 7.9 0.2 9.1:? 1
Sept. 8.7 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 8.45 0
Oct. 8.4 0.1 8.7 0.7 8.4 1.2 8.4 0.3 8.7 0.9 8.2 0.7 8.47 0
NW. 5.4 0.2 8.7 0.2 8.2 0.4 8.6 0.3 8.5 0.3 8.2 0.8 6.63 0
Dee. 8.4 0.2 8.9 0.8 7.9 0.3 8.2 0.2 846 0.3 8.4 0.5 8.600
Average ' -
or 12 20.8.64 0.79 8.58 0.88 0.68 0.6 8.55 0.68 9.25 0.96 8.26 0.3: 8.600
310563. 5-2? 0M 8.46 0.50 8.41 0.15 8.21 0.02 8.36 0.85 8.12 0.19 0.2-3 0

 

luril fill]. 1le1?

IJII'O.

I

16

Cable 7
Metering: of Canton. 1921.

Tanperature. F.

 

 

 

Barometer 201111211
Heath inches Helium minimum Mean Inches
3811. 80.27 63.0 48.0 54.0 0.54
Feb. 50.16 68.0 52.0 89.0 1.86
tear. 30.05 70.2 67.9 63.3 2.39
Apr. 30. 01 78.7 66.7 71.3 1.45
120.3 30.21 86.2 76.3 77.5 16.48
June 29.65 88.2 75.0 81.3 9.28
July 29.79 90.7 77.2 83.1 11.18
Aug. 2 9. 59 89 .8 75 0‘ M g 2 7 g 81
Sept. 29.91 87 .4 73.6 77.2 12.67
Oct. 80.03 85.7 67.6 75.6 0.20
1101:. 50.16 78.4 58.6 86.9 0.54
D”. 30.20 71" 55. 6 62. 3 0. a
Chapter IV.

DISTRIBUTE-$3 {31521111
Distributing Beeervoird

In this we the direct-indirect system is to be need. The
capacity of the we ehould be provided 10. mg.d.. e reoervoir of euffioient
eapeoity is provided and being. a suitable location in the oentra1 151% of the
8M. (88. mm).

The function of the reservoir ie to take mter when it come and
to nuke it available men it is meted or during fires. ‘1’119 euri’ioient
capacity of the intervening 212121 should be 10. 81.3.8. or 6931 (38110119 per
minute.

This reservoir is built with reinfomernt, and covered with
a light roof.

Required oaznoity of the reservoir. assuming: a four hours fire

followed in 3 days of 2-211:me conswaption 8 8.28 21.53. or 40994.28 611.3111.

17

The elevation of the bottom should not be loss than 100 feet
above the new level of the area-and.

Purging Plant 5: Filtration.

The location of the min; plant is located at the river
side. scum‘westsm sectim or the city. (sec mp). the rapid sand tilt-er
plant 1: provided. 02» ares o: the entire plant should not be loss than
45, 000 com“ feet.

' who capacity of coagulation basis is :0un three of 10
million gallons capacity. the size or the Wine is clone 50‘ x 100' each.
Tho time required for satisfactoxy sedimentation and coagulation should be
at least 24 hours.

The filters are built with concrete. rectamrular in form.
Required 5 of 20' x 25' in size.

gmwnent of Pig: Line
common of diffennt sections as follows:

Section Average Sal.’ rtin. m1. hourly mte
(Gold
1 1736 3120
2 1910 3440
3 1215 2187
4 1041 1874

Sin of pipes and location of fire hydrants and. arrange.:;o-:t
of valves (see Liapdo
River intake should be reached at a suitable location at

low water.

Chapter Vs

15:52 53:5 0:300.

'21:- sost oi' the diffomnt purpose named in fizorioan
cm'roncw are as follow!
m = .3100 per 100 sq. ft.
miscellaneous monocmimluding materials. 8 $0.30 per
line): it. ovemfie.

Filter 210m. " 010,000 per million gallons.

Opomtion 3 .3 4.00 per million gallons
maintenance.
M1118 II 0100 per million gallons

Pumping Plant 10 mg. a $40,000
Reservoir I $17,730
River intake as $1,500

Pipes 8 $.20 per tax (Class B:

 

 

 

 

 

5‘... o: lmgth Coot per -

Pipe in tact liner foot Total
so 7,800 .3 8.2500 {s 64,550.00
24 18. 950 5.8340 75, 550. 30
20 8.200 4.3750 36,102.00
14 31.750 2.5620 80,513.50
10 19,050 1.5520 29,756.10
8 65,200 1.1619 75,755.86
6 23,500 .8139 19,126.85
Total 68,500 .5 380,984.43

7 7 Average #

no. “a“ unit price Total

206 mots 3 60.00 $3,: 12,240.00

4.50 Valves 150. 00 67, 500. 00

334. times a. 30

’ small“ 15.00 4.860.

 

Total .5 84,600.00

It)

The First Cost of construction.

0010 of pipee. branches. Wm. etc. 3 $3 466,584.43
Coat of miscellaneous . . . . . . . . = 50.550.00
" " reservoir . . . . . . . . = 17,730.00
" ” river intake . . . . . . . . '- 1,500.00
" " 13221331503 glimt . . . . . . . . =1 40,000.00
" w 05.100:- plant . . . . . .’ . . = 05,000.00
" " Land . . . . . . . . = W
Total................ “$705,364.43

Boot of Operation, 1.381211531181363 and Punping por year.

Operation and Elaintemmoo. . . , . {:3 12,410.00
mingeseeesc-eeseoe ' 500

3 332,660.00

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The capitzzl necessary to provide for depreciation may be
detox-rained as follow”
Let P = 0m required;

0 8 Cost of renewed. asazmed eons-.1 to the first coat:

R 8 Rate of interest; (5)
I! 3 team 01' life 01‘ the structure (30 yours);
0 3 0mm]. cost of Operation and mintenmoe:
S 3 Total capitalized sum

527131100 P I 0

 

inn“ --1“
s: 0+_Q_+P
1'

L‘)

5.

wooern

Ukfia‘d H! ‘J
. A‘0-—¢.I"-'

703000.43 - "Mo 03

700050.43 . 550,000

$1,057,155.00

The Glide

“19"334'133

(1.05)3U - 1

211,05

2(3

Books for Refemnce.
In English.

Mariam: 01711 Engineera' Handbook. iiarrinwn, 19.30.
Emilio Water-supplies, :--‘. :1. Turneaura, Dr. 31143.. and

H. L. Ina-sen. Ph. D.. 191.24.
Enter in purificatim and use in the Industries,

1?. at. Christa.
Mam City Flaming and. Quintana-fame. F. Rooster.
1111:101- Stato Hater Survey I? . 11 and 13
Water Supply amineeflmg, £1.22. Falwell.
Report on Additional gator ifupplar. Flint. 51011., 19%.
water Filtration, Engineering Bulletin 1‘: o. 9.

Inch. Dept. of Health. 19:35.
American Pipe Emmi. Amrican Cast Iron Pipe 00.. 1934.

in ohm”.
)3.an of Camarvamy Writs, manmung,
1913, 1916, 19:0.

The China tea:- Book, :0. 1.. smmgmx. Oomrsercial Frans, 19.22.
Googmplv or China. SW1 Gomez-0191 Pro», 1915.
History of Chinese Iain-try, Shanghai Commercial Prue, 1916.

On. year of age of Canton, Shangflmi Commmial Pro“. 1920.

Emitipal Government Report, Canton, 1921. 19:215.

2!

ESTIHATED FUTURE POPULATION OF CITY OF CANTON, CHINA.

/
/

 

 

 

 

10 ll 12‘: 13 14 15 16

POPULATION IE HUNDRLD THOUSANDS

 

 

1965'

1953

1.961

CO

989

FA

93'?

’J
(O

1933

1.931

1929

103.9

.1918

 

 

 

 

ESTIMfiTfiD FUTURE POEULflTION OF HOKAN SUBUAB, GgfifOfi, THINAQ

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IN TEN THOUSANDS.

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SIGNS

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WATER WOQKS SYSTEM

HONAN SUBURB,
CANTo~,CHwA.
Designed by 0114!. . .
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TAILE B.

Consumption per Capita for Various Purposes?

 

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Consumption per Gapits in

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Lexington, Ky.

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‘00rning, N. Y. . 14,930

 

Domestic consumption (a) is eQ‘al to total

divided by porulation; (b) is equal to consumption per family divided by 5.
o Includes commercial use.
1 See the rublie Weter-Supplies, by F. F. Turneaure & H.

page 15.