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' ".x :Igul‘u‘VIfll‘IaT“‘£ a" I ’ n I-.- ‘3'?" .II- I. ‘..:d7 “ .' .~, Friction Head Losses in the Michigan State College Campus Water Distribution System A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE of AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE BY Clarence Stielstra Candidate for the Degree of Bachelor of Science March 1932 THFRP: PREFACE The writer wishes to take this opportunity to acknowledge indebtedness to Mr.'W. A. Davenport and his staff of engineers of the Buildings and Grounds Department of the College for their willingness in supplying data, and also to Professor F. R. Theroux and Professor C. L. Allen of the Civil Engineering Department for the assistance rendered by them.in the vriting of this paper. ~~ ) '3. , . ‘ ,IR , . ’ C 4v , ll; . . a" " J J $ 78 '5 xi; 1. Friction Head Losses in the Michigan State College Campus later Distribution System Michigan State College loscated at East Lansing, Michigan is a Land Grant College with an approximate en- rollment?3,000 students. It was founded in 1857 and was then known as the Michigan Agricultural College, it being the first college of its type to be organized. The first years were years of struggle and reverses due no doubt to the fact that it was a pioneering school in its branch of learning. Its period of prosperity actually began in the later nineties, since which timm it has had a remarkable growth. The campus proper is laid out on an extravagant plan and covers many acres of ground. It is bounded by the city of East Lansing on the North and‘West, by the Red Cedar River on the South, and by Farm Lane on the East. Its landscape is of the gentle rolling type with the great- est difference in elevation of any two points being about thirty-five feet. The college farms and farm buildings lie to the South of the Red Cedar River. Michigan State College has its own Power Hbuse where it pumps all of its water, and generates all of its steam and electricity. The Power House is quite centrally lo- cated so that it can easily supply light, water, heat and power to all the college buildings and still it is not located to interfere with or mar the beauty of the campus landscape. The Campus Water Supply is obtained from five deep wells by means of air lifts. These wells are all located quite close to the storage reservoir, the farthest one being 980 pflfluhfidfifl.“ i. ...?MJLUNOUrH ...... NH. auxin-.5 s... HM...“ .‘Lradl‘l'lnf L IU,‘>503?¢15 .... t. .... .. . ... inefuwlval. 0" (5.. N... 2. feet away. All of the wells are of 6 inch diameter but varying depths, except well #5 which is a 12 inch well 380 feet deep. Wells 1, 2, 3, and 4 are Operated alter- nately in pairs, that is; two wells are kept flowing continuously. Each well yields approximately 250 g.p.m. during operation. Well #5 is operated continually and has an approximate yield of 350 g.p.m. All of the water flows into a storage reservoir located behind the Power House. The reservoir has a storage capacity of 100,000 gallons. The wells are kept flowing twenty-four hours a day at almost a constant rate, the storage reservoir serving the purpose to supply the peak demands during the day. A deep-well pump will be installed in well-#5 at a future date replacing the air lift, so as to increase its efficiency. A by-pass from the well to the main pumps will be installed, so as to make it possible to take water from the wells directly into the mains in.case of damage or repairs to the storage reservoir. *List of Wells No. Depth Size Flow in g.p.m. l 350' 6" 250 2 400' 6" 250 :5 6" 250 4 6" 250 5 380' 12" 350 {See layout of wells on page #21. The water for distribution is pumped from.the stor- age reservoir into the mains by electrical and steam driven centrifugal pumps. These pumps are controlled by electric regulators so that the pressure head on them is approximately 55 to 60 pounds per sq. in. This pressure is maintained at all times during ordinary domestic con- sumption. In case of fire when a.large flow under high pressure is demanded the pumps are set to pump at 100 pounds per sq. in. The distribution system has a large layout so that water can be supplied to all of the college buildings. There are two 8” 0.1. mains into which all of the water is pumped. One main runs *east to the Agriculture build- ing where it divides into 8" and 6"** mains supplying water to the east side of the campus and the Dairy Barns south.of the river, respectively. The other main leaving the Power House runs west supplying water to the western part of the campus. At the 01d Armory acress from.the Gymnasium.this 8" main divides into two 6"*** mains, one of which runs north to the Hospital, Mary Mayo Hall, and thence to the Union Building where it connects with the east side 8" main, to make a complete loop. The other 6" main runs west to the Gymnasium, supplying water to that building, and then reduces to a 4" main and continues on to Demonstration Ball, State Police, Poultry Plant and *See map in pocket on back cover of this book. *iThis intersection will be referred to as the "A" Intersection- H-I-Hereafter referred to as "B’ Intersection. pl 4. Show Herse Barns where it has a dead end. It can be seen from the above discussion andthe map referred to that the layout and location of the mains has been well planned. All buildings are located comparatively close to the main so that they can be connected with short laterals. It would be impracticable to have mains or large laterals running close to each building as is done in the design of a city water distribution system. Friction losses occuring during the maximum.domes- tic consumption, it has been found, are not large. Even at the most remote point on the distribution system, at the State Police building, to which the friction losses are the greatest, the total head loss due to friction was found to be only about 12.2 ft. or 5.5 lbs. With a dif- ference in elevation of the State Police building and Power Reuse of 5 ft. which equals 2.2 lbs. the pressure delivered at that point is equal to 55 - 5.3 - 2.2 :,47.5 pounds per sq. in. Assuming that the pressure head at the Power Heuse will not drop below 55 lbs. per sq. in. the lowest pressure encountered in the mains would be 45.6 pounds per sq. in. at the HOspital, and this is due to the elevation of the main and not to friction losses. Maximum flows used in the calculations could not be assumed by any hard and fast rule as is done in city flows. Water used in class buildings is consumed mostly during the hours from.8 A.M. to 5 P.M. and the maximum.flow occurs between class hours when the drinking fountains, lavatories and toilets are mostly used. This peak demand was assumed to be 200% of the average 24 hour flow. At the Gymnasium 5. where a large number of showers are in use at the same time between classes, a maximum.demand of 500% of the average consumption was assumed. The Dairy Barn and other farm buildings were assumed to have a more con- stant consumption with a peak demand of 125% of the av- erage. Eventho the assumption of the various maximum flows may not always be near the actual flow the writer considers them close enough so that the approximate friction losses can be found. Certainly the maximum flows could not be considered.much larger in most in! stances when all things are taken into consideration. Losses occuring during fire flow are naturally much larger than losses during domestic flows due to the increased velocities in the mains. It has been found, as can be seen by the computation on page 14 etc., that ample fire protection is available at all building on the campus proper and at the cattle barns, but that there is no protection provided for the State Police buildings or Poultry Plant. The friction losses occur- ing in the long line of 4" pipe are so immense for even 175 g.p.m. stream that it would be necessary to pump to a 150 lb. head at the Power House. This is impossible for the present pumping system. The only way feasible to supply a stream with sufficient pressure at the nozzle is to use a pumper truck at the end of the main. This method would give only one sufficiently large stream, be- cause water sufficient at for two streams at 175 g.p.m. could not be supplied at the end of the main by 100 lbs. pressure at the Power House. Two streams at 175 g.p.m. would cause a loss of 228 lbs. in the mains. With the proposed 4" main from the Beef Cattle Barns to the Show Horse Barn joining the two dead ends and making a comp plete loop, the friction losses would be reduced consid- erably, making 3:: 185 g.p.m. fire streams possible. The fire protection at other outlying points on the dis- tribution system can be considered as adequate. As can be seen from the computations, two 200 g.p.m. fire streams .are available at the Dairy Barns, three 200 g.p.m. streams at the Hbspital and four 200 g.p.m. at the Union. All the other campus buildings are closer to the Power Hbuse and would have the same amount or greater protection. In computing the flow and pressure required for fire streamsgminimum stream of 175 g.p.m. through a 1" nozzle was used as this is the minimum satisfactory stream for a three or four story building. See Table on pageJQ for friction losses in hose, height of stream, etc. The college fire equipment consists of about 500 ft. of hose and two or three 1" nozzles, mounted on a two- wheel trailer. This is probably inefficient, but the writer does not wish to discuss its efficiency in this paper. Added protection can be obtained by the College from the City of East Lansing, which has one ladder and chemical truck, and one hose and pumper truck. In the calculations of friction losses occuring by water flowing through pipes the diagram on page 20 was used. By having a known flow and known pipe diameter the head loss occuring in 1000 ft. of pipe can be determined directly from the diagram. A straight edge passing through any two known values will also pass through the desired ~ ,Q .‘t 7. unknowns on the other scales. This chart was taken from Babbitt and Doland's textbook on Water Supply Engineering and has been prepared by using Hazen and Williams' for- mula V ;_l.518C Sm'with.C : 100 for old tuberculated, cast iron pipe. All of the mains in the campus distrib- ution system.are cast iron and are possibly old and tubers ulated . After careful consideration and calculation it can be truthfully stated that the Michigan State College Campus Water Distribution System is well planned and ef- ficient for the destribution of domestic water demands. It also gives adequate fire protection for all of its buildings except the following group which are located on the 4" main: Show Hbrse Barn, State Police, Poultry Hmuses, Cavalry Barn and Demonstration Hall. With the installation of the proposed 4" main connecting the dead ends between the Beef Cattle Barns and Show Horse Barn this inefficiency will be remedied.considerab1y. Bldg. Agriculture Bldg 0 Anatomy Beef Cattle Barn Sheep Barn Exp. Sheep & Cattle Barn Meat Lab. Barn Show Herse Barn Exp. Dairy Barn Dairy Barn Botany Greenhouse Chemistry Dairy Bldg. Demonstra- tion Hall Gymnasium Home Economics Hospital Hbrticulture Library Olds Hall Poultry’ Plant Poultry Laying Hous e Poultry Exp. House Physics Bldg. South Meter Physis Bldg. North Meter Dec. 52769.00 71.50 9.70 1.25 4.84 12.00 9.76 11.80 490.70 25.19 518.05 1518.5 468.00 1291.00 141.50 265.01 %59.46 107.20 176.50 19.20 5.50 1.50 96.45 50.80 Nov. 77.60 7.54 1.40 2.90 18.5 %24.85 12.40 446.80 55.29 DATA Monthly Consumption Oct. 118.00 6.55 1.29 0.56 7.80 15.5 145.90 29.78 500.27 462.28 1505.20 866.70 298.10 299.70 141.80 249.55 *52.59% 150.80 165.90 22.00 5.5 1.40 86.65 28.80 1457.701501.50 141.80 257.56 3920.08 210.61 269.10 20.60 5.50 6.20 79.48 52.40 Sept. *71.50 92.80 6.5 2.54 2.25 5.90 12.5 16.00 144.00 20.08 241.06 *81.70 504.20 664.60 67.20 255.58 518.42 150.42 99.80 50.50 511.20 10.00 62.45 29.10 Aug. 409.10 100.50 9.75 2.09 14.90 19.72 20.10 504.20 12.64 288.15 *125.78 275.20 575.70 78.50 50.58 520.09 157.11 98.40 51.80 .50 8.50 55.10 25.40 £212 425.00 100.80 9.78 2.87 0.51 15.40 17.40 25.10 257.00 17.84 405.45 455.55 255.80 1551.00 120.90 258.17 5660.77 251.48 112.00 45.20 4.80 18.50 89.77 25.20 June 466.50 86.00 8.58 2.54 0.45 19.50 24.10 19.10 257.20 *165.60 525.88 1875.81 200.40 1459.00 252.50 119.16 554.05 198.56 120.00 14.10 2.20 5.00 109.14 29.20 in Thoufiands of Gallons g3; 591.50 111.20 8.25 7.59 5.48 17.00 14.94 14.90 588.80 59.55 542.84 785.75 207.50 1551.60 154.90 81.79 in 1951 550.50 88.20 9.58 5.45 2.95 10.80 14.62 18.40 428.20 465.69 624.20 1184.60 142.20 84.56 215.02%1001.82 150.61 129.90 5.90 4.10 100.27 26.40 105.77 112.20 5.90 1.20 40.50 20.60 Marsh 580.60 71.00 10.01 5.85 2.11 12.40 10.71 10.80 575.50 *75.10 158.07 742.65 7371 o 10 1691.50 156.70 82.51 205.2 156.74 147.40 1.80 9.50 95.96 Feb. 542.20 19.52 4.84 4.41 21.50 10.49 7.20 254.70 179.56 816.21 *82.20 1647.60 150.00 *1144 *8.60 1.70 100.54 Average 595.20 91.74 9.58 5.42 2.45 15.92 17.68 14.95 515.51 22.80 589.75 1041.65 285.86 1506.87 155.26 166.02 278.16 155.91 142.90 29.05 4.01 6.55 84.19 27.52 Bldg. State P011 Union Bldg. weather Bureau Wells Hall Women's Bldg. Mary Mayo Hall \J Dec. 550.01 NO V o 558.02 555.10 1078.20 12.58 88.10 187.80 564.50 227.00 714.50 * Not figured in average. Oct. 555.27 954.2 11.04 115.70 252.60 956.50 228:; 526.64 648.28 20.90 DATA (CONT.) Aug. 624.85 £311 794.05 780.75 12.00 120.10 41.50 4989 540.65 695.25 12.44 141.00 440.40 May 242.56 828.59 151.40 485.40 285.67 668.46 6.61 98.50 591.10 March 784.55 6.61 102.50 477 .80 Feb. 451.25 94.60 457.40 Average 406.40 679.76 15.64 102.78 505.40 625.50 COMPUTATIONS Consumption of Respective Buildings Bldg. Monthly Avg. in 1000 gal. Agriculture Bldg. 595.20 Anatomy 91.74 Beef Cattle Barn 9.58 Sheep Barn 5.42 Exp. Sheep & Cattle Barn 2.45 Meat Lab Barn 13.92 Show Horse Barn 17.68 Exp. Dairy Barn 14.95 Dairy Barn 515.51 Botany Greenhouse 22.80 Chemistry 589.75 Dairy Bldg. 1041.63 Demonstra- tion Hall 285.86 Gymnasium 1506.87 Heme Economics 155.26 Hospital 166.02 Horticulture Bldg. 278.16 Library 155.91 Olds Hall 142.90 Poultry Poultry Laying Heuse 4.01 Poultry Exp. House 6.55 Physics Bldg. South.Meter 84.19 Physics Bldg. North.Meter 27.52 10. G. P. M. Max. Flow lhx. Flow in% 0! Avg. in G.P.M. 9.15 200 18.50 2.12 200 4.24 .22 125 0.28 .08 125 0.10 .06 125 0.08 .52 200 0.64 .41 125 0.51 .55 125 0.44 7.25 150 11.00 .55 200 1.06 9.04 200 18.08 24.10 200 48.20 6.62 500 19.86 50.25 500 151.25 5.15 200 6.26 5.85 150 5.80 6.44 200 12.88 5.61 200 7.22 5.51 200 6.62 0.67 150 1.00 0.09 150 .15 0.15 200 .50 1.95 200 5.90 0.65 200 1.26 11. COMPUTATIONS (CONT.) Bldg. Monthly Avg. G. P. M. Max. Flow Max. Flow in 1000 gal. in_% of Avg. in @.P.M. State Police 406.40 9.40 500 28.20 union Bldg. 679.76 15.75 200 51.50 Weather Bureau 15.64 0.56 150 0.54 Wells Hall 102.78 2.58 200 4.76 Woman's Bldg. 505.40 7.05 200 14.06 Mary Mayo Hall 625.50 14.45 200 28.86 Friction Losses‘During Maximum Consumption Flow in Mains in g.p.m. Assume flow in East Main from Power House to be: Assume total flow to Dairy Barns 25.00 Dairy Bldg 0 50 000 Anatomy 5.00 Chemistry 20.00 Agriculture Bldg. 18.25 Hbrticulture 15.00 Woman's Bldg. 14.00 Home Econmmics 6.25 Union Bldg. 51.50 Mary Mayo Hall 28.80 Hespital 5.80 219760 Use 220 Assume flow in West Main from,Power House to be: Library 7.25 Wells Hall 4.75 Physics Bldg. (north.& south) 5.15 Gymnasium 150.00 Demonstration Hall 20.00 State Police and Poultry 50.00 213715 Use 215 n ,1. ’ I . v 0 u . r. O f 0 D O C v e. O . . a o v 9 l I v I u 9 V 9 I O . F 4 ' . a, .. l 52‘. No.71. I.‘ 120 COMPUTATIONS (CONT.) Losses ”A" Intersectkn.to‘Dairy Bldg. Flow _-_ ’75 Loss 2 .24 x .9 _-_-_ 0.25' Dairy Bldg. to Dairy Barns F10! : 25 Loss 2 2.2 x .15 2 0.55' "B" to Gymnasium 200 .31 x 6.5 :. 2.00: Flow Loss Gymnasium to Demonstration Hall 200 - 150 ~ 50 105 I 5075-: 409' Flow Loss Demonstration Hall to State Police 50 - 20 : 50 2007 X 1.5 :- 301' Flow Loss Pipe 250'-6” Pipe 2200'-6' Pipe 510'-6” Pipe 15OOV-4" Pipe 2070'-4" COMPUTATIONS (CONT.) Losses Power Bbuse to Library Flow : 215 Pipe 400'-8" L083": 106 I .4 :- 0.60t Library to Wells Hall Flow : 215-5 - 210 Pipe 200'-8" Loss ; 1.5 x '.‘2 :. 0.30: Wells Hall to Physics Bldg. Plow 210-5 3 205 Pipe 420 he" Loss 1.55 x .42 _-_ 0.60' Physics Bldg. to ”B” Intersection Flow 205-5 2 200 Pipe 620'-8” L038 105 x 062 :- 0090' Total Loss to "B" _-: 0.90 ,l 0.60 ,l 0.30 ,l 0.60 :_ P.40 rt. Power House to "A" Intersection Flow 220 Pipe 550'-8” Loss 1.75 x .35 :_ 0.52! ”A" Intersection to Agriculture Bldg. Plow 220-100 :. 120 Pipe leeks" L083 .6 X 018 :- 0012' Agriculture to Botany Flow 120-20 - 100 Pipe 250'-8" 1083 .25 3 .15 :- 0.12. Botany to Woman's Bldg. Flow 100-15 5 85 Pipe 7710'-8" Loss .77 x .33 _-_ 0.26' Woman's Bldg. t0 Uhion.B1dg. Flow 85-20 :_65 Pipe 865'-8" 1083 0865 x 02 ...... 0018' Union to Mary Mayo Hall F101 65-20 :. 55 Pipe 760 t-e" L088 076 x .25 2 0020 Mary Mayo Hall to Hospital Flow 55-50 - 5 Pipe 540'-6" Tngn nao‘lfiofifln 14. Total Loss from.P0wer House to Hospital .20 ,l .18 I .26 ,l .12 ,l .12 I .62 :. 1.50 ft. Difference in pressure between Hospital and ”B” Intersection 2.40 " 1.50 .... 0.90 ft. 01' 0.40 lbs. per sq. in. Friction Losses During Fire Consumption Fire Demand at Union.B1dg. Trial Assume 4 fire streams at 185 g.m.p. each‘: (approx.) 750 #1 Assume 600 g.p.m. from.Power Hbuse to "A" and 500 g.p.m. from."A" to Union; 450 g.p.m. from Power House to B and 250 g.p.m. from."B" to Union. I083 - P.H.* to "A” .350 x 11 z 5.8. " - ”A" to Union 2.07 x 7.8 -16.2' 1088 . P.H. to "B" 1063 I 6.5 :- 10.5' " - "B" to Union 2.12 x 9.2 2 19.5' Trial #2 Assume 650 g.p.m. from P.H. to "An“ 550 g.p.m. from ”A" to Union; 400 g.p.m. from P.H. to B", 200 g.p.m. from "B" to Union. L088 - P.H. to "A" .550 x 13.0 : 4.5 II - ”A" to Union 2.07 x 9.4 - 19.5 - I 0 L083 '" P.H. to ”B" 1.63 x 5.5 :- 8.6 " - "B" to Union 2.12 x 6.5 -13.4 . ' Tria11#5 Assume 640 g.p.m. from P.H. to "A" and 540 g.p.m. from "A" to Union; 410 g.p.m. from P.H. to "B", 210 g.p.m. from "B" to Union 1.088 - P.H. to "A" .350 x 12.5 :- 4.4 " - "A" to Union 2.07 x 9.0 : 18.6 . 7 Loss - P.H. to "B” 1.65 x 5.4 .7. 8.8 ' - "B" to Union 2.12 x 6.9 2 14.6 Loss approximately 25.1 ft. or 10 lbs. *Power Hbuse ... u. .‘n.( n < 15 COMPUTATIONS (CONT.) Difference in elevation of Power House and Union 10' or 4.55# 400' of 2%" hose. Loss - 4.00 x 10 - Total Loss to base of no'z'zle - 40 7‘ 10 4.55 - 54.55# 100 - 54 - 46# pressure at no'z'zle which will g'i've a flow of between 185 and 200 g.p.m. per nozzle. Fire Demand at Hospital. Assume 5 fire streams at 200 g.p.m. each .2. 600 Trial #1 Assume 400 g.p.m. from P.H. to "A" and 500 g.p.m. from "A" to Hospital; 500 g.p.m. from P.H. to 'B , 500 g.p.m. from ”B" to Hospital. L088 - P.H. to ”A” .35 5.3 :- 1.9 " - "A” to Hosp.(2.07x5.25) (1.1x15) :. 21.00 0 L083 - P.H. to "B" 1.63 I 7.8 :- 12.7 " - ”B" to Hosp. 1.02 x 1 2. 15.5 2676 Trial #2 Assume 410 g.p.m. from P.H. to "A" and 510 g.p.m. from "A" to Hospital; 490 g.p.m. from P. . to ”B , 290 g.p.m. from "B" to Hospital. LOSS - P.H. to ”A" .35 I 5.5 : 1.95 " - "A" to Hosp. (2.07:5.5) ,1 (1.1314) .: 22.75 27576 Loss - P.H. to "B" 1.65 x 7.6 - 1214 " - "B" to HOSP. 1.02 I 12.5..12.6 '25-'17 Loss approximately 24.9 x .455 2: 10.85 lbs. Difference in elevation of Power House and Hospital 15’ or 6.5# 500' of 2%" fire hose. Loss - 5.00 x 12 - 56# Total Loss to base of nozzle '-'-' 10.85 / 6.5 I 56 - 53.51? 100 - 55.5 - 46.7# pressure a't' noxxle which will-’give a flow of approximater 200 g.p.m. per nozzle. Id]... Hfiw.|u awn- 16. COMPUTATIONS (CONT.) Fire Demand at Dairy Barns Assume 2 fire streams at 200 g.p.m. each 2. 400 550 g.p.m. from P.H. to ”A": 450 from ”A" to Dairy Bldge; 400 g.p.m. from Dairy Bldg. to Dairy Barns. Loss - P. H. to "A” .55 x 9.5 - 5.4' " - "A" to Dairy Bldg. .25 x 28 E 7.0! " - Dairy Bldg. to Dairy Barn 2 x 22--44.0' 54.4' or 24 lbs. Difference in elevation of Power House and Dai Barn 10' or 4.55# 250 ft. of 24" fire hose. Loss - 2.5 x 12 - Total Loss to base of nozzle :_ 21' I 50 z 54? 100 - 54 - 46# pressure at nozzle which will give a flow of approximately 200 g.p.m. per nozzle. Fire Demand at State Police Assume 2 fire streams at 175 g.p.m. each : 550 Trial #1 Assume 400 g.p.m. from P.H. to ”B'3and 500 g.p.m. from P.H. to "A", 200 g.p.m. from '1" to Union and 100 g.p.m. from Union to "B . L088 " P.H. to "B” 1.65 x 5.3 ...: 806' L088 - P.H. to ”A" .350 x 302 ‘ 1.12. " - ”A" to Union 2.07 x 1.5 '3 5.1' " - Union to "5" 2.12 x 1.753 5975' 735' [approx.) 8.5 Loss - "B" to Gymnasium .51 x 58 2 12' Loss - Gym. to State Police 5.57 x 150 2 505' ° Total Loss in Main 525.5' 0r22801bs. Difference in elevation of Power House and State Police 5' or 2.2# 500' of 2%" fire hose. Loss 2 5.00 x 10 - 50# Total loss to base of nozzle - 30 ,l 2.2 {228 - 260# A 175 g.p.m. fire stream requTres about 55# at—the nozzle or 55 I 260 Z 295 # at the Power House. 17. COMPUTATION (CONT.) Trial #2 Assume 1 fire stream at 175 g.p.m. Loss from.Gymnasium to State Police 5. 57 x'47 158'0r 69.3# ""B to Gym. .51 x 15 E 4.7'0r 2# " - 400' of 2§ 1” fire hose 4 x 10 2. 40# " " P.H. to “B" (approx.) 7'or 5# 113.3? Pressure at base of nozzle - 55# Total Pressure required at ”P. H. ; 114.5 f 55 : 149.5# Trial #5 Fire flow at State Police with proposed 4'C.I. pipe connecting the dead ends at the Show Horse Barn and Beef Cattle Barns: Assume 1 fire stream at 185 g.p.m. Assume flows: P.H. to ”A" 285 g.p.m.; ”A” to Dairy Bldg. 160 g.p.m.;‘Dairy Bldg. to Dairy Barns 110 g.p.m.; Dairy Barns to State Police 85 g.p. m. P.H. to "B 250 g.p.m.; MB to Gym. 250 g.p.m.; Gym to State Police 100 g.p.m. Loss - P.H. to "A” .550 x 2.8‘: .97' ' - "A" to‘Dairy Bldg. .250 x 4.2 - 1.0' " - Dairy Bldg. to DairyBarn 2.18 x 2.2 E 4.8' " - D Barns to State Police 4.60 x 9.9 ~45.5' 0 L088 - PeHe to ”B" 1.63 x 205 z 401' I - "B" to am. .51 I 9.5 :- 301' " - am. to State POlico 3037 113.0 - 44.0. , 1 (approx. 51.5' or 22.3#) Difference in elevation of Power House to State Police 5'or 2 .2# 550' of 2—" fire hose. Loss 5. 5 x 10 - 5% Total loss to base of nozzle - 55 {2 2.2 {'22.5 - 59.5# 100 - 60 - 40# pressure at nozzle which.will give a flow of approximately 185 g.p.n. per nozzle. e e O o O \ _. . AI 06.. . U , e C. .0. V... “ . s :i. :_._. . vet (0". 'I'..‘ r— '17:?! 0 ‘lu Iii-ll! Pressures Bldg. Power House Agriculture Bldg. Dairy Barns Botany Chemistry Dairy Bldg 0 Demonstra- tion Hall Gymnasium Hbme Economics Hospital Lib rary Olds Hall Poultry Houses Physics Bldg. State Police Union Bldg. Wells Hall WOman's Bldg. Mary Mayo Hall COMPUTED‘DATA Available during Maximum.Flow Friction Losses Pressure M in Feet Feet i/sq. In. 845 0 127.0 ' 55 850 0.74 121.5 52.5 855 1.20 115.8 50.2 850 0.86 121.1 .52.5 845 1.00 126.0 54.7 845 1.00 126.0 54.7 855 9.00 128.0 55.5 840 4.10 127.9 55.5 850 1.15 120.8 52.4 865 1.75 105.2 45.6 850 0.60 121.4 52.7 845 0.50 126.5 54.8 850 12.20 109.8 47.6 845 1.50 125.5 54.5 850 12.20 109.8 47.6 855 1.50 115.7 50.2 850 0.90 121.1 52.2 845 1.12 125.8 54.5 850 1.50 120.5 52.5 18. viiil 19. Losses in Head in Fire Hose and Discharge from.1 in. smooth nozzle. noon .oanuon Ho doped as nacho oaonpuo no oondpnan .uh .adonuu spam Uoow 99% new no commando Huuuouahom pooh .Edoavn shun poow .55... no 333 863.85 mega oamnvm non season .emofi confiaunonpnh nu pooh 00H pea one: no mood opaflda hon mfioaaaw nowadneman send onesuu hon nunson .oHu use: no omen as onsnnoam 77 47 109 55 153 57 55 152 20 50 51 64 161 186 10 61 152 67 167 72 179 75 208 228 15 79 60 246 17 85 70 295 25 96 85 205 100 Those figures are from.John B. Freeman, Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., Vol. 21, p. 505, 1889, and are for 2fi-in. rubber-lined hose. 20. q — d 1 4 a — d 1 1 q —- q - ‘..: 1: