BEVELOPING ARD TESTING A LINEAR PROGRAMMIRG MGBEL OF A GRAEN ELEVATOR AND FEED FIRM Thus: 5w.- flm Dunc 0‘ M. 5. HICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSE! Dale Joseph Menkhaus I970 ABSTRACT DEVELOPING AND TESTING A LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL OF A GRAIN ELEVATOR AND FEED FIRM BY Dale Joseph Menkhaus Technologies in the producing and marketing sectors of agriculture have put burdens on the management of marketing outlets for farm products. This study is directed toward building and testing a model which will be beneficial to managers of feed and grain firms in their decision—making process. A linear programming model was developed and tested for a sample elevator and feed business. The factors involved in choosing the sample firm were storage capacity, grains handled, facilities, location, availability of data, willingness of managers to be of assistance, and the future of the firm. In particular, the firm used in this study has a storage capacity of 315,000 bushels, handles corn, wheat, soybeans, oats, and field beans; is close to the university; has a feed Operation and is progressive. The model develOped in this study uses monthly data and breaks down activities to give the manager a better overall picture_of the business. For example, instead of aggregating fertilizers into one category, the current study breaks r“ :- A _‘_ \_‘ (Z: I.) . - ‘7 ,T - w ‘ I J. . fa 4’ o “r r ,t » 7 ‘7 I F- 4‘ 4 u r ‘ .' A.) x.) 4.) \i I .‘f '4— '--~‘ 0 i . f'. 'V. w . a- f} If ‘3 "‘5 W 4 st— k/l 1. '— p. .l. '0 ‘1 x. | . -Ty.]~ -1 .I._ 1' -. ~1 Lily-l; l . . ,. T! J. I l' .' E C" , J .L. ).‘ ... ‘— 3 r . x J .\ ,_. .1 :» J-‘ r‘s “ I fl .1, I‘ ’\ ‘1‘ . . - .- . v , l ; . 1. sma 1-._\1 \ ;_ ‘ . _L'J‘-7 a bflfi . " 1 q LL , T r .91.: J. I :7. J I; . f?‘] (‘31.: (F‘V\ nu 30 axujwt a 6 and v. IAO‘J'vI)A; ‘ j": ,. D E; 1..) . \lf“; r I ’H II‘a lx E )o‘ o , E3») 7‘\ J r', ‘ V L 1"\ 2'; 2.111. . . , 7 .,- ._ ,_ 1-\J..'.£“| . r r-- ,—-- q. '3" . ‘7. «vv ‘ I}! I” r" r" >4. \ .l h . ‘ / ‘1 ,f L'l i. Pr -r 4.1.) . - l‘ "41’ 536‘) L) 1' :3 A‘ C 1: >1 .1. rt .- 4 ‘ 1' i ’ ~. . L) . r 'r Ii.) . ,. l ‘. :r ,, 1'3 ( h I I ' (' a .v. I“, r U . r w. , .4 I: }-fié;’sa O? my ~mo “+W .f"I' A! ‘ .ajagfi ‘ J.) 3'!" “VI?!“ ”“75” ”I ._ ,....,. ‘.1 I “ ‘ '9 -" Tojfiv r ~ ,4 ... .‘h‘r': 3);) f)- ‘J’ .+ K 5 10 mi 0} ‘ ’CL- -[ 1);: :.I:‘:I 0C} . 'J (A ‘ \ i \»_r¢ .‘1 '1 f ‘ 'I I) ENE .. -. '1‘ (7'th " F f'"4 F"! $.‘T ‘ l i- - . , r, -1 f- l -i, C 1 1 _1_ u l " ) . w' 1‘ r - .- .3- " «.l. , ,J A . . '4] "‘1‘. .‘.: .. I - r: ‘7 (- a o . A." A . ,r_ ,._ f "f -' o F. '- :—’3‘~)_5 ‘1 f‘ I- .L :1 le'cs 5 I _ ~ I EflIthrfl I" _ u. r v ‘4 .‘ rigilsfii (D a f. 5‘5 '- C [1"! UL r - if -3 A ._ ‘l r.’ ,4 w r t. Dale Joseph Menkhans fertilizers down into urea, potash, mixed bulk,:and mixed bag. Also, feeds are broken down to include supplement and complete feeds for dairy, beef, poultry, and hogs as well as miscel- laneous feeds. Besides selling fertilizers and feeds, other activities used in the current study include hiring labor, receiving dry grains, receiving wet grains, buying grains, storing grains for farmers, selling grains, selling coal, and selling chemicals. Constraints in the model include capital, labor, drier capacity, receiving capacity, grains.available to purchase, availability of grains to store, and sales out- lets for fertilizers, feeds, and sidelines. Use of a linear programming model requires a great amount of data. For a typical country elevator, the data may not be readily available.‘ Also, few businesses have access to a computer which will handle a linear programming problem the size of the one in this study. To overcome these problems, a typical firm in a region could be programmed and inferences made from the results to apply to other firms with similar characteristics. The linear programming technique proved useful. It was able to handle the large number of activities and constraints of a feed and grain Operation. The linear programming solu- tion was also helpful in pointing out weak spots in the sample firm. The programming solution showed that the manager of the sample firm should study the complete feed business, especi- ally the 1abor input, since excess labor was indicated. The . . cigxllj 1 LU. uwcnei v F L A... _ r“ \. v . .v . ,. —I v 0 Fl» . 4 V) _ 11. .1 IV .— _ p .F. r 7 r; s \I; ‘ [19? u x .3...)— I. 'Iir 1) pm a-- I *'(§. -' . r3; .7 .... ‘11 3 1 _-- f} w .5 v. . .. .. nr _ A. r . a .. .1, --L r) O B y .r4. 8 4!. V; a .y .. i.. x, . a v A. x, J J—.‘ an fzrr .r. ‘ .IL .3. .1/ ,. A r _ r Fl. 3 .. J A‘ nip} f \Il. .L III. - r . i. 1’ r. In .v Ila . . rt . c K. 5.... . I) Q ...-... I4 4 I . . . (4‘ _-II‘ a .l. .1. r. fr. I... F; . _ a . x. .r. «“1, o {I _ 1. w. r ..L 1:. a... ._ a. I 6 We FL .7 .L 1: II t... vlv 4-. r . F . 11. r). .r .4 \a . .(IL ._ a . x .. _ J . ,«1 . .1 will Tn... Q . .v.. ._v1. ). f. r.. r . .Ja . . r. w L a w. 1 m. _) - 1.. ... .. r... 1. .I x . {L ‘) — - _ V A . if r} ‘ a. .1 dry .9— .. Fl . 1. 7‘ I'j f3 2:4 .‘1' '§ .w. Dale Joseph Menkhaus manager might also want to consider the possibility of elim- inating the complete feed business which apparently is losing money.. The manager should consider the effect of such a closing on his grain, fertilizer, sideline, and supplement feed businesses. The linear programming technique is a useful aid, but the manager is still responsible for exploring busi- ness alternatives available to him and making further studies using the data produced by the program. The programming solution also revealed that the sample firm could afford to increase grain prices if it would in— crease volume. The manager might want to experiment a bit with increasing prices to find out what effect such an action would have on his business. The program was run for 10 percent and 20 percent in- creases in business potential to see how the business would be affected with reSpect to profit and resources. The results revealed that the increased farm production results in in- creased net income both because of larger grain volume and the increases in fertilizer and sideline sales needed to achieve this production. .ri I. vL \. P.‘ I . . e . HP. I ‘1 w . rs. . .1. . (J .2 .i x .. a c. .. W '6 a. m. —_ u '5‘ J. \ at... .Iw \‘ .... f,., .1. 4 . A ul+ . a. [A _ . P L 7.. ...)J. .I/ . .. .lx _ I, ., i .-. (.A .a. r. ,_ .7. .ra. . ~ \ .. \ Z; 1. _ .r p . A .i r . 4.. . .4 f . .. v\ _ . A, .. . _ {u _\ _ —~x. ’ .4 .i )_ J .. . r r. . . ‘ At, a . O 1 . . . . . . .. t . r L. .F; . . .v .3 A , .1 $1 ":51 , ff. ,Jr'u . . u C; J .3 1'.’ ’ -’r\ - -relk) f. . . . .3. up); a a) r r . l, DEVELOPING AND TESTING A LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL OF A GRAIN ELEVATOR AND FEED FIRM BY Dale Joseph Menkhaus A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University _in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of ‘ ‘ MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Agricultural Economics 1970 CD . TL F: P u.... xx 7 4 er r. 6 40? 73 3/" ’1 :7 ’ /' O ACKNOWLEDGMENT S The author wishes to express his appreciation to the many people who contributed to the completion of this thesis. Dr. Richard Heifner, until he took a position with the U.S.D.A., gave unselfishly of his time to help the author set up, plan, and write the early chapters of this thesis. His suggestions, and encouragement are very much appreciated. Thanks go to Dr. L. V. Manderscheid who acted as the author's academic advisor and then as research advisor after the departure of Dr. Heifner. His advice is especially appreciated. Thanks are due to Dr. L. L. Boger and the Department of Agricultural Economics for the financial assistance and the facilities which made this part of the author's education possible. Credit is also due to Dr. Larry J. Connor and Dr. George K. Dike who gave of their time to offer helpful suggestions toward improvement of this research. Special thanks are then given to the manager of the sample firm used in this study. He was most cooPerative and helpful throughout the study. Gratitude is also extended to the author's fellow gradu- ate students who offered many helpful suggestions. ii - L . r. _l , L}. J ;- + r30" t"r: _‘-/- 4 .r,. is so?”* I» r ' ‘r- I' T 7' lfi ' 'f L—‘ t‘ 3._- '3 c; . .\ . J ,- , . ‘ 1 P, I.— I ”1 913‘ 30 ‘I Z.i‘-.“_‘;S. v' j jf’.fr.:‘i«’;.‘"»" :3 ”film? "Wuf r 1 .1 r. i o r —- — .. v _L‘ .I—‘ 4 \ pv“ R.- k—\ *v\ 5—4 \ ( , ,_ , .. k;— U} U» IL‘ 0 .7. The author would also like to express thanks to his family and friends who gave help and encouragement during his course of study at Michigan State. ................ ...... ............ ..... ............ ................ ...... .............. ::::: ........ IIIIIIIIIIIIIII .......... .......... .................... --------------- ............... ------------- ............. ...... ...... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLESOOOOQOOOIO0.0....OIOIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. Vii Chapterl: INTRODUCTIONOOOOO...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO H The ObjECtlveoo...o000000000000oocoooooooooooooooo. why Linear Programming?...‘C........C.............C Other Studies Using Linear Programming............. Plan Of Attack...."..U....‘C.....................O (0th - I g. 9 — - _ »_ z, - + _ - 1 ; . - 7 '- Chapter 2: DEVELOPING THE MoDEL...OOOCOOOOOOOOOOOCOOO. 10 The sample Firm. 0 O O C O O I O Q 0 0 O I O O O O O O O O I O O O 0 O O 0 O O O O O O 11 Defining the ActiVitie‘ O“ I O O D O O . O C O I O O C O O O O O O O O O O O O 12 Hiring Labor. ' O O U D C O O ‘ C U V U V . O O C O O I O C C . C O O O O O O O O 13 Receiving and.Storing Grains................... 13 Receiving Wet Grains........................... 14 Buying Grainslb"...0.0.0OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. 14 Store Grains................................... 14 Loading Out and.Selling Grains................. 14 Transfer Grains.from Inventory................. 14 Selling Feeds.................................. 1! Grinding, Rolling,.Grinding.and.Mixing......... 15 Shelling Corn.................................. 15 Selling Fertilizer............................. 15 Selling Sidelines.............................. 15 Production and Marketing Constraints................ 16 Capital Constraint............................. 16 Labor Constraint............................... 19 Drier Capacity................................. 19 Receiving and Storing Capacity................. 19 'Graina to PurChaSGOIOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 19 Buying, Storing, and Receiving Grain........... 19 Grains Available for Storage................... 20 Grain Inventory................................ 20 Total Storage Capacity......................... 20 Transfer Grains into Inventory or Minimum Inventory Limitation...................... 20 ' Sales Outlet for Feeds......................... 20 Sales Outlet for Fertilizer.................... 20 Sales Outlet for Sidelines..................... 20 Percentage Wet Grains.......................... 20 The Model........................................... 21 iv H ’17P”) ‘xJ U) ("N H [/3 H , '3 1"“ (" ‘57't7't7"? ’, ”:1 '17 i ‘ x ' 1 C C C O O O I O O O O O I O C C O I O O O O O C C\-‘~ -"‘-"‘f~“r\r'v. .' --vm « I . . ‘g; IJ \. 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Table of Contents (Cont'd) Page Chapter 3: THE DATA.O...0..O.OOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOOIOOO 26 Data Presentation................................. 26 Repair Costs.................................. 26 Power Costs................................... 26 Ingredient and Supply Costs................... 27 Labor Utilization................................. 28 Coefficients in the Matrix........................ 28 Constraints and Limitations....................... 29 Working Capital............................... 29 Receiving and Storing Capacity................ 30 Drier Capacity................................ 31 Grains to Purchase............................ 31 Grains Available for Storage.................. 32 Total Storage Capacity........................ 32 Sales Outlet for Feeds....................... 32 Sales Outlet for Sidelines................... 33 Sales Outlet for Fertilizers................. 34 Sales Outlet for Grinding..................... 34 Grinder and Sheller Capacity.................. 35 Transfer Grain into Inventory or Minimum Inventory................................. 35 Chapter 4: THE RESULTSOOOOOOOO ..... OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 37 Activity Level.................................... 38 Hiring Labor.................................. 38 Buying Grains................................. 38 Storing Grains................................ 38 Selling Grainsg............................... 39 Selling Fertilizers........................... 39 Selling Feeds................................. 39 Selling Sidelines............................. 39 Reduced Profits................................... 4O Excess Resources.................................. 40 Marginal Value Products........................... 42 Maximum Net Revenue............................... 43 Implications...................................... 45 Chapter 5: SUMMARY AND EVALUATIONOOOOOOO0.00.00.00.00 48 Evaluating the TechniqueSOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.0.0000... 51 What Needs To Be Done?....OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0. 52 LIST OF REFERENCESOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOO 54 APPENDIX A: COMPLETED QUESTIONNAIRE.................. 55 L”; v ) L") I" ix 1 vw " -. 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A; ' , .... - ‘ ,- 1“ I I I I I o o I '-~ f: 1 '3‘} 11./.£,1‘~ a ’ ,-\ h if IIIIIII I DID. it‘sjp'3vii i. l. - I" - . , o r ‘9 ' | ’ ‘ . ‘ Np"- ' . i-/ K1 V... _- .I ._ \f‘ _L‘) _ . ,__‘ . r '3, r I . .' r -0 rr . .I IIIII‘ — -~_ P ' a I‘1 LLJVIL / r — .’ .a'.’ 4 fr‘ ‘J I I I I I o c -— ~ I - ‘5 _fi."j.l J (311‘! M... - .- r... ‘ j - .1 I I I I I I a I a v I o , A". ' .‘1 $0 ' . ’ r .- .,~.‘,~-rr . i -- '. J .1. t) :'- ¢ysl ~.:v-‘ '1 Table of Contents (Cont'd) Page APPENDIX B: THE DATA.OOIOOOCDOOIOOOCCOCCOC0.0.0.0.... 66 APPENDIX C: PRICES, SALES AND RECEIPT DATA... .. . . . .. . 92 APPENDIX D: THE RESULTSIOOOOOOOOOI...OIOOOOOOOOOOI... 114 ....................... ...... ..... ..... vi LIST OF TABLES ..... ..... Table ‘ Page 1.' List of Activities............................;;;‘ 17 2.. List of Constraints...,LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL.......... 22 3. Sample Model for October_and NovemberL.LL.L..LL..‘ 24 ....... Appendix Tables 1B.“ Estimated Repair Costs for MachineryLLLLLLLLLLLLL' 66 28.. Power COStSOOOOOOOOOO;O;;;;;;:;;;;;OO;O;OO;O;.;.; 69 3B.' Ingredient and Supply Costs by ACtivityLLLLLLLL.L 71 48,. Varia-b;echs't$OIO‘OO’OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00......OOOOOOOIO 72 58.. NetRevenueotoodoobsootoo-oo‘oooocoo.ooooooooooooo 75 6B6_ Revenue, Cost and Net Revenue for the Loading Out and Selling ActivityLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL.L 78 7B.“ Labor Requirements for Grain Eleuator'and """" I Feed Mill ProcesseSOOOOOOQOOOOOOOCOOCOO0......0000‘ 80 ............... 8B.“ Labor Requirements by Processes Defined in Kansas Study.....L..LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL.LL '83 9B." Labor Requirements by Activity.....L..L..LL.LLLLL' 84 lOBL Labor_ AvailableLLLLLL.....................LL..... 87 11B, Receiving and Storing CapacitieSLL...L.L.LL...... 88 _iZBL Grains Available_to PurchaseLLLLLLLLL............ 89 133, Grains Available for Storage..................... 90 143. Sales Outlet for Fertilizer.....................L 91 vii 7' r _ ' ' '~ ' f - I , (_x I r r\‘ ‘1 4") I \ .1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I v I'd-~j «4 3‘ J» jgli é-‘D ‘1 C0 [J I r v —4 ; .~— -.t »- «L- "\ ‘4 '— ’ S q-.. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I dd I‘d—I2 ~' .L-JA'L)~J .1 D jle . J!“ .‘L I I I I I I I I I I I I —‘.'.L‘_)\‘ 3 -" ’v’l 11L}: -17 t? & “ L). l .L_ ,L ‘7‘! I} - {pl ‘1‘?) {—4 I L ’ K r l 1 y 'rf\ ((\IV 0 (.- ‘J. _il'l hL-L {‘J . ‘ \\ er L'- 7‘ —. ., \r" — ' . ., -r " _ ,L' 1.7 :7 J i I I I I I I I I I I I I I t’ '11 1 L L, 3 ’ - LL.‘ 1 C‘. J- <._. ’ I] L i LN ‘_,'.1 J )f*-j r‘ .111) C 1 . I; o . x ‘ cw 1'“ ». W I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ' «j '1 -‘D .1 ' O 1 I L3 " V U -L Tr? )- ' - I" P V > r; r -5 :7. v v v r ' so ' '7 , - ¢_- -I- 'r s I .2 - - \ ~. ~ I, C I \- I I I I I I I I I I 'Ll -’ .~ I I _+ -J- ‘— ‘ 1-‘ Cf" lv- -j W - J 1 1 L , f. 4r 0.) 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THMGJ .ou LL Q ‘ ‘ ' ' . ” fl _, ‘ . 3- 'J I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I a a u t ‘ I .>.?.’1 ['11-— x {.1 L. ' 1 q , ’r g -1 * _ : , “v ‘ . LLW I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I \_--L f-I-Jdr‘. V -1 (’2 5f ‘ _) .1 111’; 1‘ .L.:‘.1:41I .£1 a p , x r ' w : - r r r‘{ I I I II I I II I I I I I I I III III I II I I I I I II I I 1’ 'J-1 AI -' - ‘fD‘I OH) 5"} .. A: L ' ,\ ' , _ :vm‘ ' _ Lr ," ' . . ,L, L {7 :71- “ ~’ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I C1 7 ILL-J .1. Jr, 3'} W) {LL i (L .4 ‘a [.1 . . ' 3— . LL 'I'L-‘ Jl‘ I \1 , ‘7, - ' 7 ‘ ' ' 7 a fi ‘ — y " g I ' g” r r 4- ' r l ' L. 'Jr’1 ' ‘ 7‘ , P ~‘- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I .1 ‘IA) .. L3,.) _ - ~’.-. 4 ). (.5;-..L.a-. - .64.; J" ,‘ ‘_. L -L . _JI — Z 5' f(-- F ,- ,~-T 4' r_ p, .- r- a, '3 g. S.” K' ¥ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I a 'L‘ - I _ A »‘L\. '. -J. ' . ..-3- j! ~~_ .‘L.-v IQ [_‘r I',.*"”7 in" +..V.f 71-93 “'17 a Y‘ it" List of Tables (Cont'd) Appendix Table 1C. 2c. 3c. 4c. 5C. 6C. 7C. BC. 9C. 10C. 11C. 12C. 13C. 14C. 150. 16C. 17C. 18C. 19C. 20C. 21C. 1D. Prices Received by Michigan Farmers (Corn)....... Prices Received by Michigan Farmers (Wheat)...... Prices Received by Michigan Farmers (Oats)....... Prices Received by Michigan Farmers (Says)....... Prices Received by Michigan Farmers (Navy and Dark Red_Beans)IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII corn Receipts (bu.)......0000000......0.......... Wheat Receipts (bu.)... ............. ............. Oat Receipts (bu.)........... ..... ............... Soybean Receipts (bu.)..... ........... ........... Dark Red Kidney Receipts (lbs.).......... ..... ... Navy Bean Receipts (lbs.). ..... .................. Feed Sales............... ........ . ............... Feed Sales by Month (tons)....................... Feed Revenues and Costs.......................... Percentages of Mixed Fertilizers......... ........ Fertilizer Sales............ ..... ... ............. Fertilizer Revenues and Costs. ..... .............. Coal Sales................ ..... ............. ..... Sales for Building Supplies, Chemicals and other.0...........0.0 ..... . ..... 0........... ..... Wages...........0 ..... ......00000000. ..... 0.0.0.. Grinding Sales.0..........0................. ..... Activity Levels for the Base Solution (RHSI) by Month.................... ....... 0...... ....... viii Page 92 93 .94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 112 113 114 95ft? 3ithfl? XLKMTdfi’fli A l . . , '* w -. V , -- 'f . _ ' ‘ ' 1 ' ‘ . .f I [Z . , ' - "' F __ '. ”T W. r _\ {2 I I I I I I I {if ';'l\'~") C1 fijl' ‘rb Q [g‘ 5_~.‘-: .1. i K; & &’£.1V’.[(7QQJ.L db‘nifilk‘i I v‘L r ' I .. fr 1' fl, ' ' 1 IX , r.._ ‘1. a. 1, ' ......lT' r\ C‘ E,‘) , . . . . . (_‘i‘ “.1 \ W’ ' ’ . r i may L.;,':) Lu. '.-"_1 1253.71 3123-1. 8931 .i . ...'_~. "0 ' .7 . .- . 4 . 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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I (11 F ' [EJOD I V'D I r- B I ' .¢. ‘ P _ ' A, , I r .-1 _, I' Z; r“ r ,_ ""9 '\I q one miLDI'uFJ ..utfw Du tn; LLU; 134 ccinu .-ii C r.[ 'I'u J ‘1') 4- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I .1 .--1‘..J H1 “mm c "4- I I I I I I 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 06"“ ..rl Is)- ... :‘i[ 1w. , ‘A I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ' ....) 4 _‘Iu 11‘ ‘~' I .../4.5 w I"'v —I\ I , ... ,.,, v , ‘ r‘ .- I - ' 1 — ~~ F‘ ww‘.‘ ‘r -" . .1 ",~ 1.--... ‘ ”’1 ‘;- ... er. -~. _ I; (J-‘—‘L‘.:-) 1"“).1. J lift: r -—;.- :H1 _31. I,» -:. J”; W911 , u 11' -J-\ - x;_1.. K ' _ .7 .1. [I 11/1 I ’ d ‘ -& I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I . I . I I 0 0 I I . 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I . .-.._ ~L x List of Tables (Cont'd) Appendix Table Page 2D. Activity Levels for a 10% Increase in the sales Potential (RHSII) by MonthIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 115 3D. Activity Levels for a 20% Increase in Sales Potential (RHSIII) by Month............... 116 4D. Profit Reduction Per Unit of Forced Activity.... 117 5D. Excess Resources for the Three Business POtentialSOOOOOOOOOO.......OOOOOOOIOOOOOOOOO...I 118 6D. Marginal Value Products for the Three BUSineSS PotentiaISOOOOOOOI0.000000000000000...I 120 ix T“ .1 hf. .,..._ ”H; ”.7; X 3 5 col. PIA T .i 5. .r; V n: ‘4‘ fl T.. at .J :I K, F L (I... ..4 . v.1 n.n\ _ 'h J . J .I: ... v . f; s .1 IA . ... n “U I I .... rxL C , T-» .4... -[s ‘L'. .er ' r 11.32.”. 1 C r _L _P i C435 ‘ 7i 93-)}. x '43 7... ..‘J. ELL.) r11 - ;. "Iii L4-) -_. J 51 U .L; Chapter_l INTRODUCTION Changing technologies have required continual adjustf, ments in the firms that serve agriculture. .The agricultural production sector has beenvaffected by advances in fertil- izers,jhybrid seeds, chemicals and machineries. These” technologies have increased the volume of production as well as the speed of planting and harvesting. Production improve- ments have put increasing demands on the marketing sector of agriculture. 2 Marketing outlets for farm products have also been re- quired to make adjustments as a result of new technologies. The feed and grain business, which is of concern in this study, has been affected by the increaSed production of grain.‘ The‘elevator must be equipped with facilities to handle high volumes of dry and wet grains with speed and efficiencv.‘ Receiving facilities of elevators are strained by the high’volumes of grain which are rapidly transported from the farm to the elevator. Changing technology within the feed and grain industry are also worth noting. These include covered hOpper cars, mechanical samplers, automatic grain handling machines, drying equipment, electric eye samplers for field beans, 1 rm” -jaut?5 isuxijmgo haliugwl uVLd 33i“0£©flfl3?3 pfiiQnEdD imiujiuoiipn odT .oiujiuuilpfi ev~ga 'sdj cylil sfij Hi ajmem —iijloi mi agoaLVLs vi bgjoei's anon afifi 103233 noijoubolq 999d? .aeijenidmem has aissim do .ebsga biidyd .81531 iiow as noijthOIg 20 omuiov adj LuBbDTDflL avnd aniQOIOHHOuj "BVOIQJi moijouboxq .pmijaQVIEd has pa'infiiq 30 heads adj as 30 301038 pnijeiism adj no abnfimwb pniasoloni juq evsd ajnum .slujluoijps -91 need 0815 evsd ajOUbOIq mini :03 ejeijuo pHiJOHIBM .aoipolondoej won 30 jiuaoI 5 as ajnomjautbs eibm oj holiup aidj mi nigonoo 10 2i fluifiw .aeoniaud nibjp bus has} sdT '\ I' :0 noijoubCZq bsasgiuni omj yd 59153135 mood and .vbuja oj Beijiiiosl .jiw beqqiupo ed jaum Iojbvoie efiT .HIBIQ Age djiw aniexg jaw bug v15 30 abmuiov dpid 9_bnsd Luniexja 915 azojsvais 30 aaijiiiosi pniviauefl .yuneioilie bejioqanng ylhiqsz 915 doifiw nifizp lo annuiov flpid adj yd .IoJevoie onj OJ mun} adj mom? vifiaubui nibxg hrs has} SH) nidjiw ypoionfluuj pnipnedD .exao lagged haluvou ebuicqi oaodT .pnijon deOW 0215 916 .aefliionm pniibnnd nisxp OiijC?UB .alsiqmza lfioinfidoom .aneoi bleii 103 axelgmsa 939 Uinoale ‘jmomqinps pnivxb pellet mills, etc. Adjustments by the feed and grain industry to these changing technologies have been handicapped by capital limitations. This is especially true with the small country elevators. Often they are unable to compete with the bigger and more progressive firms. Another factor which has become critical to the elevator manager is the shortage Of trained manpower. “In order to compete with other industries: managers of feed and grain firms must offer wages-which will attract personnel who can be trained in the new technologies available to the industry. The Objective Skilled management'has become increasingly important in the feed and grain industry. The manager is being forced to use better accounting and decision-making techniques in order to remain competitive and progressive in‘the industry. This study is concerned with building a model which will be beneficial to the manager of a feed and grain businessrin decision making. The model should provide a way‘ofz; l) Organizing and interpreting a large volume of data and facts. (A major difficulty in decision- making lies in the area of selecting, gathering, processing and interpreting facts and information.) 2) Using approximations in mathematical processing of data and facts. fi‘fir—fi lFerguson, F. 0., and Sargent, F. L., Linear Programming: Fundamentals and Applications, (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1958). V; .339 ‘allim Jellaq ‘ 4. .-a4. .’ ,,', r,'--- —,, - ‘.t»'- 1 1' .— - H“ ..‘K 2:J.j CJ iiquthL diply LAE DUQI ij yd aJnijab CA - I r— y',._'- ' . “‘1 r ' : ,‘Vf‘f --. ’ -l' r‘.‘ . '- -rr- — - ' - 'r lEJig—C {C Lug 9);.EEJ h.Cu 0V.i cuEQOiOHHJSJ pniunsno gmjuuoo lEn a unJ fijiw pH]: 1 lELCug a 2i aifiT .anoijsjimii HCp i‘ 333 Ejiw :Jajuoo OJ CLEECC CIE yedj nojiO .EIOJBV3IB .armii CViBBQIpOiq 910m has .1 '0 '- , 4 " 7“ ' . .‘. r‘ ~ C ' r " "“ r- .‘C'fx " r.’ 7 . -J- 7‘ '1 a .-I ' K . ITuifiNui: ..Li OJ JJJJIJL.C):JAOC:L£C.Ei “Clix: juJVWLl luujifihx fl ’5'.“ 'J (3 Cmsjjcuka C J ai.tI)pEMEm t ILLtaugg Igrgb Ravigi 113 8‘111gJLILEJn ‘£3;?l'IJQBIJLuEJ. Zlgizjxj :iJ.[v; g3j¢3;iyu):) HEC onw lennoauuq JCEIJJE liingxxbfw aupEw I 130 jaum amlii * .YIJEULKi edJ c: SlibiiLYb agigolOLfing Man CmJ mi L niE 13 ed jn5310«4mi vlpniaseioni emooed 25d Jxomapsasm Foilifll £39101 {gtied ai.tLygsnE¢15M¥F .vjje LM1LL nisjp fmus bus) 5x13 n1 mi EECViAECCJ Umiibm-uoiaiosb Ens finijnuoozs Isijd Cam OJ C t ."1jemxfii en: mi cvtaCCICOIg ins ovijijoqfioo niEmCI OJ labia ed [Liv fifiiiw is on E pnibiizd fljiw quIZUHCD 2i ghrja aifiT mi aaéniaud mifiip has $991 5 10 IapEnE. Cdj OJ lEiCiieded :ii) yEns 5 {abiwmyiq Exiucnia 15130:: adj? .rsttfirml H"L£~L“" lo STULOV ennui E paiJCIQIE mi has phi: mrpio (i -moiaiCC? Ki yJi ib Iofinm A) .ajpmi fdfi EJEb \Qflil’ JED .pnijuulaa 30 EHIE 33¢ mi anil (.ruaiJEr21c_n:L EJnEs EJ2151 {y i3:ri;1_;.-x' tau: ErLiaa-x301;{ pniaaaCOXq iECiJEMEMtHMn11t aflQi‘LIL/UI 1E pajaU (S .asti bis EJEC To I ’ "‘ r 77 ' —‘ r ' ' '3 r I’ —‘ a . i”- V 1' r ’1. L‘Y ‘1 j I | I \ . l_L . A ‘ ‘ f‘ ‘I‘ I; (.4 r-TE‘> ‘ 0C. I J ‘ HI’18{ ‘ {(3,1- --' - —‘ - - 2 ' -\ _,‘- ,V . ~ - I ., ~' Pry Ah/K-ZJ ‘LJ' J ; L? ‘4 ' Ivyf ’1’, I ‘ 1.)-[ Tr IIJI (:1 Fr p, ,1 - 3‘ f,‘_;.’ TI _“ .. _ ..C —- —~ A- a.-- - - ... .3) Evaluating the benefits or profits that should come from apportioning or allocating the available resources to different opportunities or combinations of opportunities. The model used in this study is the linear programming model. Linear programming provides a way of allocating scarce resources among various opportunities. Using linear programming can yield several advantages to management. It can serve to increase managerial effectiveness by:2 1) Giving insight and perspective into problem + solutions. . . k 2) 'Yielding better and;more successful decisions. 3)‘ Yielding solutions in specific quantitative teams. ' 4) Providing better tools for adjusting plans to meet changing conditions. 5) Increasing dollar returns to management through ‘more effective use of existing facilities and more accurate planning. It is important to realize that linear programming is a tool to aid the manager in making decisions. It is not a "cure all" and shouldgnot be used as-such: Specifically. in this study.'a genera1:linear programming model of a grain elevator and feed firmswill befbuilt.. The model will include the feed, fertilizer, and sideline opera- tions in addition to:the grain elevator. Aftertthe general :model'is developed,'it will be tested on a sample firm. 'The :model will be applied to this sample firm to determine the activity levels which maximize profit at the current business level as well as with expansions in business potential of 10 A_—A v—v— fir Tfir—f —Y 21bid. 'Z 3 o" a" ct ...x is“ -—- :. "r, -_ _» .3, - ,3 ’ 3-. ~' ,4 .15-; .,v., / 5 5553 thJ :jtfiotq 10 53515133 5H3 541 551533 LE ‘J OiddLLEVE on; pWLj5uoLJ5 TO DELJOijong m3}. .L 7 r\ 7 OJ \ aiICiUJEJiiLhfiCXD 153 3:5-23 L;w13fr3'JqL> JI{“' --.—.~. -55" ,3 ‘- .' .t- _z. .—'r'. .' -. .-£~. ~— if“ I 1.1...» ‘..i;3~L:.)U[‘.i 1;,’__‘.'TJ._L Jihj <31: ‘(-»'.U..=3 clij ml LJ-dL .[Z’L’O’J Elf-.1. 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RFllsfigil OCL jun: warn,f~wgzq 35 1L1 15 33599 5 ‘ybuja aidj mi ‘yll53i BHT .jiiud 3d liiw mxii 5533 has Ioj5ve19 ni5xp —51:::O exiiobia bz5 ‘ H5 iiijiai ‘bsgi sdj shuioni tn I5zsnap 35; 73125 .Ioj5vsie ni5zp adj 03 MC sdT .mlii 5i4m5a 5 no 533233 Si lliw ji ‘Laqciav 5:3 Sfiifllyfipfi uj mlLl gi"rusa 5151 o: 53114q5 31 3ijuiaa pmihleiY (E £i5 03 1001 "115 3153 .. . ‘ 7‘ ~‘ I“. ’Z’ L [.3632ch .l B 30 l9b0m liiw labom itiL£5 at 85013 ai labom lliw lobom oi yjiviju5 . -.,. .r - ,_ fl - .L-.:.. ,5- - - .. ..‘ aaand5a HE 2‘31835,39 535w o5 iiuw a; level and 20 percent. The model developed in this;study could be used by the manager Of an individual firm as an aid in decisicnfinaking. However, due to the.ccsts of collecting data and.ccnputer time; the model might best be applied to a group of similar firms. In this manner, the results could be obtained at a lower cost to each firm.. I-The.model should prove: to be useful to the industry through extension work. :In this respect the model'could be applied to operations of various sizes to determine the activity levels which.maximize profit. The model can be used to study the effects of changes in margins; changes in I a. a. storage capacities; changes in specific enterprises, e. g., 4 . the effect of deleting the feedmenterprises; changes in machinery capacities; changes in the amount of labor hired; and changes in other resource limitations. 1Why Linear Programming? The probiemzsf concern in this study is one of Optimizing profit subject.to production and marketing conétraints.' This is precisely what'linear programming dces. ~6ther.0p- timizing techniques such as calculus are of little assistance in solving programming problems such as the sne:dealt with inlthiszssudy. There is little difficulty in fitting the activities of a grain.elevator and feed mill Operation to the assumptions of linear programming. The mathematics are well suited to allocating the resources of the business to the various 3 p .r.‘ ox'fi.‘.. ' ' ’ no gut. or: 4- r ‘ VA‘tA.‘ t .{v [v ~EX1FVf”-rmnzeturx‘ 5 :5 ‘(33 711‘ U -L. n1 :Egsjj_1:£ . :J V 1.14 thhcufirficO L“ """1 .' , '— .14 -'- «. ~71» 1“,- , ' ‘ , 1'1 . :,-_;_'1 .-L1_; L2,- _LLJ_-.-.+::.:IJ :11 U; «_-)_~:»_'.I(,1 131.111.9115 if.’)'..l‘-'m Off .jn5319q OS EH5 '1. y _ _;' ”_ r' : r . b h ' :__. V ‘_ -.,. V \ r , y 5‘ ‘ ' _ "1 11.22.21! 211 £111,111) y:_.111.: c.1111} [11 EJ'JJLALVUJ 1:41;:qu 911T t,‘ :7 H r v- h m I? 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I 1‘ H (‘J [D D L.,. 0 4. h —4 9 {-1 . Li 7 L4 1‘ 3 O }__ r- h ..1 C" HJ U L., D 4 ._ 3 fl .ytuja 81d: H1 113 (11519 .6 --. -.-.- ' . f ‘ ... . 1‘ ~. ' ,1 1,,- ....'r1 ‘. . . , ,1, . - ‘ 3. c1 1 -11113 -L1:1w 23111 2:)£jE1JH;L,LuI inli .74111111,135194 :Ecx*11 .10 I p I ——‘> ‘ A 7‘ - r_ _ .. !_ V L _. '. r eu0115v on: 01 azw11er1 an: :0 BLJIUQGQl :51 gfl11510116 alternatives available. Also of concern is the problem of collecting accurate data. The linear programming model, although it requires much data, can be built with data provided by the records of the business and through interviews with the manager. An alternative is that of budgeting. Budgeting and linear programming are similar in that both require essen- tially the same information: 1. Specification of alternatives along with the physical and economic restrictions - 2. Estimation of the various resource requirements along with the relative profitability of each enterprise or activity - The principle task in both instances is that of assembling inputvoutput data and price cost information. "1Linear programming and budgeting differ in that the solution in budgeting is often an approximation, whereas the Solution in linear programming is the one best or optimum solution. Linear programming is ideally adapted to deal with large numbers of limited resources along with their allocation to an even larger number of enterprises or produc- tion situations. Furthermore, the larger the number of interrelated choices, the less obvious is the one best ,choice. Hence the linear programming model's ability to consider a large number of alternatives and to trace the effect of all of the resources that limit production is advantageous for the larger scale problems. The linear programming model can specify the Optimum solution in a fraction of the time required for the more cumbersome . - ,. .. .1. ', ..f . t1 - g; ’ .. .- 1 l - . 1. .. ,,' ,‘ ci',‘ 1.! 1.1 "1‘1 ..J 1. 1'7-~1IC.‘1‘..= [1.) 1 LL:- LU-T 1"». 1! ‘ 41).» I 1“.) .CJ 1!; L111; 91:1‘ . 53.6.3 IL . - ~ A .-’—» -~ - ~- «'i -7 '-- -.- —-—+--‘ ' 1. .; 7' »" .-' - ~ ’ ' . 1.111 _1’.,~‘7_.‘.1 3r "‘/ . _. “‘21 1.121111 CC." I ’J 13-1111.) 11.11?! ..I i 111.. f" .1 {1.50 ‘ {3:} 50 {3:31an H --- ~~-._ - ~. - A. -: .vL —~ ~1 .- v v r - I Yv 'N ~. -‘ r l' r -\ ' - E w -~ -.. a v-_ IA '~ ‘ -.' u ,1- ELLLLSL 1.;1J l...'.Lf\‘ e‘.'.-".-J.L‘v .[:_'l.'..‘!J. [13:“IJQ11-JL 121.1.) CJJFILBUd 9113 30 -—ns.~z5%:~:9 91-111-«Vf 15:11:11“; jfi-fij' 111 71111111: c3715 1;;«1111111151130‘111 “15131111 fi313C>rn p-rzirnmE'IpO‘Lq “15-1-1111 51:3 2:311:11 .93101‘13 5d: 33513 0: bus 89V1jfifi19316 30 Iguana 93351 5 19L13nco 81 flaijvub01q jtnii jfidj RHQINORGI wij 30 115 10 139339 3L9n11 251 .a~r11hx13e:153a 145151 wnj vii aucupnjnnvfis 5 n1 n013u1oa fiwmijio OMj 33130:3 REG 1 :efl rxjmfnquIq ;wnu;rfadkn13 rvwcai 91:1 cht L2x11qu I :1?13 'gflj E10 1u31jgu513 4. budgeting. Due to the size of the problem in this study, linear programming has definite advantages over budgeting. Other Studies Using Linear Programming Two studies which have used linear programming in the '2 analysis of a feed and grain business are A Linear Program- ming Model of a Grain Elevator and Feed Firm3 and The Appli- cation of Linear Programming to the Management of a Country A A. \ Elevator.4 The present study will attempt to broaden the scope of these two studies, consider and exploit new and different areas and hopefully be of more practical use to l the elevator manager. —.- The Kansas study seeks to develop an analytical method _,. ..:u A- whereby managers in the grain and feed industries can improve their decision making. The Kansas study deals with the month of July only. Thus many of the activities which would be more pertinent in the remaining months of the year are dor- I mant. The current study expands the model used in the Kansas 1 _ N a t. .. study to twelve months and breaks down the activities in more detail than did the Kansas study. For example, instead of aggregating fertilizers into one category, the current study breaks fertilizers down into urea, potash, mixed bulk and 1 mixed bag. This gives the manager a better overall picture -3A Linear Programming Model of a Grain Elevator and Feed Firm, TechniCal Bullétin 137, Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, March, 1965. 4Schnake, Norman P., The Application of Linear Program- mingyto theyManagement of a Country Elevator, Unpublished M.S. Thesis, University of Illinois, 1967. (M, .- H' ,. - ‘,'_.\ if—L 2;, .-. '.- I. \; . '-L ‘” ., ‘ L.,ijrf ciihj (1.1. J‘I'Tz'ld‘dl‘: CH“! 4“) -'L.£c'_’. EL‘LLJ (,«J rub .IufilJOL’ULJ -[V . L,--,- v - ,7 ..." v~ - - l- ~v7‘— —v :- .-.--A—‘ —;« r — ‘ -,— a ' r ~-- -4 I .‘E—‘.: -J -1 'V—~‘;,<‘.L.".L .1 .7 L2 (';~.1— L-,).fr- 1:15 C‘JLI.L -t-‘1.; :i-c.. 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LIIJ) Liil,‘t_j ‘Wl 1C”- 3,1.) .CJlI'L't) 0.111 F\‘ \ .k F, H r.— P5 t r ‘ —-. rH . _ . . L. | ~ 9- w l. t» \ LJ -r-' ('J SV- .J v . L, . ,, ‘ _ . ,_. - m I‘,‘ ”7 ‘. . _ \‘ r2.“ £3“th :'[_LU.; """JALHI \1i“~i’rJ-T""§ \i...- {U 0-7.} 1' MFR)“; c215»\ Iii ~31")- 4.2....L-3AI'J ‘7 '.I 1 -- . ,_ .- r" , - ~ 7 I‘ ' - _ F! u _ ‘ ‘ r" . f \ _ .' r"f‘ (.3in )I {1 ii i) 11"]0 1,33 if? _1 f; 1;!429‘“ £371 Li” 1“} E— 515‘; r L: L’. 1‘: :1 . Ff'h‘,‘ I," .‘4‘.- J _.—__._._..__~_-._——--‘_- I - E. ujiw . -;\ {/\?L','~.{f' f.jr“1 ) g3 3W ,[-»{z'-' tum? with} I”! "~ a’f-I A _ '.__ _ _‘ __-v‘- - - ___- -_ ___“< " _ ... _- --__ _. _ '- - __ _ .— ‘ v’Y . ' - - '- . ' I‘, fiv'T‘ *1 r .1 _ _v , 4 ‘ . , . - l I I | - ’ J .. 1:2 -L-IE:-Iu u'l.;’ Li HJ'.A i:.:1.ut11.,..2.11._\ \x .1 1 L” .LJ,‘ .L'.r\J1.~ ' * VA__._4..f ., 1 . - . ...- '1‘?" ‘f r " “‘4 L «I 'r P! .7 . q r‘ r -1 r r r I . . f Y (I . ~ , -( '- ~‘ ( ' " - x 1 . I I - ..; -' Ll _ ( .' " .. \ n L '. I k r’ ‘ , ' ‘ - ‘ — -... ~-. . _- _ . - .. -... t _ _ - .. . ’v ‘ ' ‘ r - . I — 1 r . 3 1H .. ..2 " |' . 1 ‘ "(( I t‘ \ I "r ' I "‘ ~ ‘ v ' ’ I - ‘ AL‘IL-A. )JJw“£J.kI \ l )l J - ‘ . _'_ a, _"" " .——_-- - _- - —-- -_... - ._ _-_—.. - --_ __ _' _ . - .v - of the.business. The activities will be explained-in sub- sequent chapters. The study from Illinois also employ: a linear program- ming model to be used as an aid in decision making. dThe elevator is programmed.for a one year period and it wan . assumed-thatzthe elevator manager was concerned only with the merchandising, storing and drying of corn and soybeans. All physical facilities except driers, storage and asso— } .. ciated equipment were assumed constant during the study. The model used in the Illinois study was solved for ‘ r o '1' " 1‘ J three different resource situations and these results were 1 (A compared. When there was no labor restriction, only flat storage was built and both continuous flow and batch driers 1 w": t “ ‘1'” were purchased. When a labor restriction was included, flat + u storage was purchased, but upright storage was found to be more profitable for that capacity which is filled and re- .—-. filled often, and purchases were made in only continuous ' 6 flow drying facilities. The results showed that differences 1 1 in methods of storage and drying facilities may be explained by the availability of labor. It was also found that the fixed cost of storage has only a small influence on the 3 Optimum total capacity. The Illinois study also revealed the importance of high-volume merchand1s1ng. The increased profit available ‘with each additional bushel of grain purchased indicatesm that elevator operators should welcome the increased business due to the increase in farm production and the trend toward ~1, .- 1y..p ,11 _, .H -L- .,.'__ _.p “ T —UL3 m1 LJJLHLLQAU bl LL111 jfuLJ’ b:r’f.lUdc.5 _ r 3 '— . ,,_ " F a '. ',- . .- . - ' . ' F. - .- (w. . . ' : o C114.) ‘ \ x f. ’1. 1.! fl; ) 11.0 : LL \: 1. 4‘ in}; 1.» E421. ‘LC 4 (L ‘1-.L.L\L.Lp.'JLL-JAA~JIL’J11 L’ILj K :- “-1.1. .1 .-.... ",9 ... - -.. , ,... : 4- L .- . 11.1.1.) 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Lg1d=MJI .LL «)i:?iif E Liar») {1-113v ’.-. ..-r--' .’ .—,- r .A. r ’.,,« '7 .-., l.-...(_.',\ A ,1, a - ' ditflLE ’i‘J 1.;9cfh'31 'LIL f,'1;J “1.1 .1/1- . blimnm". c3. lottbli‘flia) T‘_‘_«i:\Y-".1.L.‘_,' jbdj biblzfl)j [£5,va 3.;3‘ 1.519 .1211}:JLJLH'TfL1 27'3171 [ii ";;.fi.j.;..'§{1_L OJ 7'5 cash grain farming. Limited resources should be reevaluated. The results of the Illinois study showed that additional units of limited resources should be obtained to permit a higher volume even if premium prices had to be paid to get them. It was suggested that some supposed restrictions may be the result of Operational habits. Plan of Attack First, a model which includes the various activities of a typical feed and grain operation was deve10ped. The model was then tested on a sample firm. Data for this model were obtained by use of a questionnaire designed to provide the information essential to the model. Cost, revenues, and labor utilization data were taken from secondary sources. All data were transformed to meet the special requirements of the linear programming model. The model was then applied to the problem of changing business potential. In particular, receipt and sales limitations were increased by 10 percent and 20 percent above the initial limits. The effects of these changes were then analyzed. Finally, the use of linear programming as a tool for managers of feed and grain busi- nesses was evaluated. The presentation which follows begins with a discussion of the linear programming technique; the business activities of the sample firm are then defined as are its production and marketing limitations. The data are presented in Chapter 3. Next, the results of the linear programming model will be presented. 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'v . F. L}- "d k/ } \ aoijivijos ll entertain such pertinent questions as: Is the linear pro- gramming technique useful in aiding managers of feed and grain Operations? What are the merits and limitations of the technique? 3 I ?. vi r . 'v ' . ”ma. ‘1' ! V‘El-i'.” '1', 'L‘i ‘. n... Im*fiij]mg “one mfsjjojma lLiJLU unwinduej pnimmsxp 35gb anoijsieqo hislp TNUFIHHOHJ 9d: Chapter.2 DEVELOP ING THE MODEL The objective assumed for the elevator manager in this shxhris profit maximization. The profit function can be algebraically expressed as follows: CIXI + C2X2 + "' mem = 2’ , , L ‘ and revenue data and x1, x2, r-—, Xm are the levels of the ac- tivities which are pertinent to the firm being programmed. .‘ maximum, where Cl' C --- , CIn are constants derived from cost '1w \ These activities will be defined later in this chapter. -... .n :- The objective function is maximized subject to certain L1 .L production and marketing constraints. The constraints 1. I ‘ '1'] represent physical and economic limitations, e. g., capital, ..1 labor, machinery capacities, grains available to purchase, and amounts of feeds and fertilizers which can be sold. In algebraic terms, these constraints are expressed as follows: —-- < AX+AX+ +Alme B]. 11 1 l2 2 — A21X1 + A22X2 + --- + AZme 3 B2 Aan1 + Anzxz + --- + Ame _<_ Bn Aifii is the amount of each resource needed for each unit of activity and B1 is the amount of each resource available. A further stipulation is that X. Z O, j=l,2,—--,m. That is, 3 10 v - T: r '1 r 71 1 ti“ -\ i a. .i .L (I! .1 ‘I‘_|\ u v -21 ' ‘ ' r. .1 , " -—« I X . 7‘ - . v z . '—“ -‘1‘ Crl". {fl “IVE-Yuri . 14.11" .1-) _'-j 101 i; u ‘ "Vijjgj‘f—tl’-) (Jul :cvoiivi as .muijnxinirsfl Ji303q ai ybuja ii , 3. . v .qgrg.gxa yiibuisfidupis L . .1 n. - s. r _ - F , . .- .L - .. r "‘ r‘ . ,f. . . . ' ,.. ‘ ago -1; L) 1- J rfimrscm 0 31s J ‘-—— ‘CJ ‘IJ J ens ‘mUmIXnW f4 T‘. F , .. - r 4 . l 'r ‘r '.’ ‘ , , . vv -. - J on- i a;»*ai sue :gU; x \-—- \«f \IA E‘C sin; shun q: ins \ 13— o— - ‘- ‘I 'n. r' a r r - .1 — .* e v "x - r- . .— V‘ ' . e: J5 'r110 r ’ tniJ * 4119;11312;; L a; xf~LJ J aelxi£~ I3 misjioo OJ Joetdba baximtxsm ai noijsuui evijaeigo BJHIEIJBUOD .iujidno ..p.e ‘(JEBIXDULKZ 03 {fit .ihiua :axoiiol ed men (:3 Huiiw ajfisiiijlsl I {T aidsiibvs anifijp as bcauojgxn 1') I 13 k’E‘.‘n.L. .’.u. 9.3. i .3th 5:le .ajnisljanoo pmijsiish bns HQIJUUbOlq \anoijejimii oimgnooo has isoiath jasaoxqs: VUFMIIHLIMU \Iihfbl A. ‘ .';’..‘i3 i'L‘ibfik-JD 5 M? V v , I C. A.:-' ‘3 -.. ..L w o sinuous fins 5 . — ijfl i.) ejnisijanou seed: ‘amiaj sisidygis 8 \ V A + ——- + X A + X A ; mhmi S Si 1 ii K _3 1‘ 1135‘ n r lr~ « I' 3 f - "r‘ ‘- 1 fl - ' " — . leIU £1“.«+ Xg‘l 1| uanx ‘J’IWHCCEI .' Sr. 1 ) jxnroli, , '3 r 1 . .4 [1 - - - , - - a 4. . :4 -- ,- ,-4V a~ .wid [tree up puegr lou 10 JIL‘ b 5., e1 ;; IJL . Viodfi -U _L .3 ' j ,3 H r, (' L” :- r‘; g 3; 4 - ..f .1 p. ‘ .-N'. v r I: ., L. 4-1- ,. A ‘ La}. .E/ii J. c ‘ _— ‘ _1 ‘, " x. \ v \ . 1'. ..a )-, me! C; .1: {1‘_ he} 2,, ...J ‘l L n .7. OI ...) {L1 11 a negative level of an activity is not permitted. Theaabove inequalities can be changed to equalities by adding dies posable or slack variables. II as A11x1 * A12X2 + "' + Almxm + S1 1 A21x1 + A22x2 + "" + Amem + S2 ‘ B2 AH1X1+A2X2+---+Anme+Sn=Bn The problem is to select values of xi which will maximize the profit function subject to the limitations of the firm being programmed. The activities of the firm must be defined. The. I xl’.——T.Xm refer to the levels at which the activities will enter the final solution. This involves the concept of linearity,_i.e., a unit change in one activity results in the same changes in profit and the same change in resource requirements regardless of the level of the activity. To make the best use of linear proqramming, the activi- I. 4-" ties must be interdependent. If the activities are inde- pendent, the problem becomes one of budgeting: Linear pro- gramming is a means by which limited resources are allocated among competing activities so as to maximize profit or minimize costs. The Sample Firm .In order to test the model and evaluate the techniques presented in this study, a sample firm was used. The factors ii slows OAT .bwj3i<1u1 3PM at {JiVIjob me 10 level syljhpsn s ~aib gniiie yd awljtfbphfl Oj uapnxfm :d HLU aeijlisnpgnf .a;diu.11bv ;u» La 1C>51hjsaoq Y _ C, x F "‘- __ _ __ “ I ‘5' ‘ ..‘ . é. — , ‘1 + ("45“? l' r. i + + {a d‘a': [a1 + 14(1- 14"; .L _L ..1 .I' _L .2. ... .L i r. '7 ' -— - - , ‘ l (,1 f‘ ‘1 + ‘I I A + + (— \<‘_, [X + lxipA .3 .... J J x .. _‘. ... .5 I I O I O ‘5 ..il . . . . . 1 o 0 I I O I i i _. = 3 + :1; + -——~ + -;~:.. A + 1'; A i m m m Km 5 in i In‘ L osimixnm litw daifiw .2 i0 aiuibv joules 03 ai teldoxq sdT xvii 9&3 is CflCinjI ti ad: 03 Juutdba noijomui iiiOIq adj ;_; .LflLUUBILMDTq {wrist ehi .bomigob 0d jeum miii 333 30 agijivijoe edT iliw amijivijos adj doifiw 36 aiOVWI 9d} Oi 19391 mX --— .1X 30 jqeonoo odj anviovni aid? .noijuloe isnii adj Iojns mi ajibaol yjivijos sno mi epnsdo jinu e ..9.i .yjijeenil cumroasl at epnrjn emsa ed: bus jiiouq mi aegasfio omsa 9d: .vrivijos adj E0 lOVui adj 10 aaaibinpai a SuMQIiUpQI —ivijas adj ‘paimnbiporq rennii 30 eau deed QHJ ufibn OT ~$wni 91s acijivijse 9&3 ii .jmubnoqehlajn° 0d jaum asij i 30 eno ammooed msidomq adj ‘jnebneq -v ( "'\ P-\ L1 ( . 1:1 VQ , Q. \— r ~u3“p1 firsurxigi .f‘ feisasilb are aeoiwoael Lajimii fiziflw yd azhem e ai paimmenp IO jiieiq eximjztx oi as ea asijivijos pnijegmno pnomfi .afimoo esiminim I ~ :— i f: ; ‘ ‘.‘ . * 1' r - 7 S ,. ' 1 J —' - _ ‘ _— e;‘.1~ H J 1-? u LHLr.s in I. q r.- Jr~J NJ 1 1. Li - ,fiiv x - _.i‘rv f _, .7 I,.‘ ' W. , I ‘, .-. ., .- ." ,Jr .‘ ' ,:_ 7‘ ‘ 3. _g 1’ of ‘11’f a 11"-) ‘3‘.) 4L :5:-. .4. . 1_,'.. ,‘ J {j (.2. f“. 3'7 [.1 -i i .A. ‘l).L -‘ J. L‘. k? ‘ ‘.' ‘—1 _ {.1 C. I _'. L-i' 1“- f— i J ! - -‘ V J A .1 12 involved in choosing the sample firm were storage capacity, grains handled, facilities, location, availability of data, willingness of manager to be of assistance and the future of the firm. A firm was sought which had a storage‘capacity' between 250,000 and 400,000 bushels, handled field beans, was close to the university, was a feed and grain Operation and was progressive.f _ The general model deve10ped in this study can be applied to any grain and feed‘mill Operation. The applications of the model were demonstrated by the use of a sample firm. nginingthe activities In general, the basic processes of any grain_e1evator- feed mill operation are similar. The differences occur: mainly with respect to the merchandise handled. As a start- ing point the following flow charts are helpful. Grain ElevatOr Receiving Grains UK ‘9 4) StOrage =' Loading Out and Selling Grain’g// ,- —— . -- r- .- r~,- " " .""- A- . '-""~‘ - ' r rr' I --~ I- - .... -. -\ -.'a~ ' .-_ .- ‘* . l ‘ ‘s/JL EIL’WTJJJ ;J{'.‘\; 1.1ch: ti'jt,17‘v’] thur. i LFL‘ 1114C. :‘L.._J .’[I.!.€‘._3(‘M.-I 1E1 EEJV’I‘JYV'{.1 ’ N‘ ,. : r- .-I ~ .. ‘ -‘ ' v I '- p' ‘ i. ~ ”\f‘ k A \ ~\ ’ ' v « . --, . . io eibjul on; LAD bUHpjulscb 10 ad OJ reflex?“ IO aaexphiliiw - ' M. “...- «4» . . .: .r, '— -1. . . ... . . '1 ° ‘ijiiflwim;) Qtisldqwj 5 1mm“ 1.31-n¢ J;.tbtna .mxx n.11.1 A .nfiiii .JJJ . ,r ,—1 .‘rr.,r.r r. . ;' bu.“ r-‘v' Tmr ““" 2‘" - -. ~ .~ ‘ ’I’fltJi)\‘k fai:~'J.i f.l‘{:7_x_.))ifl i: \ (1.1. 1-x-C-L Li. '\.:‘_'\J! ‘ k'{ t\ Jail-1L) kit") ‘ 095 IiaDle’Li .oijrigqo ais‘p has fee} b aSelling Feed ——> Grinding < -—> Grinding and Mixing <———— Rolling Grains es, Shelling Corn ( Receive Fertilizers —-) Selling Fertilizer Receive Sidelines —-—>Selling Sidelines 1 The activities which make up these processes must be defined in order that the costs and labor requirements can be calculated. These activities are similar for most Opera- Peculiarities of a particular firm can be ascertained tions. In by interviewing the manager of the firm in question, general, the basic activities can bendefined as follows: HiringfLabor f Usually there are four types of labor available: full-time regular, full-time overtime, part-time regular, and part-time overtime. The only cost which occurs .Ln this activity is the hourly rate of each type of labor. Receiving‘and Storing Grains - This activity includes weighing the truck, sampling the grain, moisture testing, storixu; the grain (includes leg and distributor use), and cleaning the grain if necessary. If ear corn is received, the shelling process is added. After the grain is received, it is stored or sent directly to the terminal or processing p1£u1t. In the case of field beans, storage is according to ‘3 4 —""""‘-‘1__‘fl§"i -v cr- arm 0. .1" r- " J — . n . 1 .1 J :‘ _ 1 _ -.. _ r. I . r‘ .~ ' ' ~ 7 _ Infai 3:):Hfl3133m .333: Lstng 9Viuosé J Wja ' ‘ s I f l‘ N J','A' V Uukilljlu; 1H - - ' .- r 1 ’_) ~,~.« C‘Jiii-[113.l.i K; 1:1]; 9i j;mxn aeagrux31r 9a9fij ch eiswzrtuifiw aidebvijos {fii IULD ajpxyur1i9p91 jiytJL urn sjsrxu adj :rrxi'rJ1. 10 mi i»w:_iL b -EI;I) jaom 193 Isiimia 915 aeijivijub evenT .iujsiusiso 9d b9ni6j19oas ed nso wiii lbiUQiijq 5 lo ESijififiiiLUuq .anoij HI .noija9uu mi mxii 9m: 10 19psnum sfij pniwuiv19jni yd :ewolioi as Luniisb 9d use asijivijos oiacd 9A3 .islecgp 3 Inc? ems £f113fij viibueU - lfl”il_fiiil£§ emit-j351 .9ni319vo 9mij-llu1 ‘IEIUQWI 5mij—iic3 :eig islisvs auuooo Noifiw 3909 vice 9hi .9miji9vo emij-JIL; bus \jsiupel .10951 30 9123 £951 lo 9351 vliuod 9n: 5i {iiviios aid: mi aebul: mi vjivijos aidT - aniEID pniwvi? figs rwivieoefl ‘pmijaej BIUJR on .misip 9H3 pniigfisa .29913 9nj pni 1d pisw has \(9au Iojudiiyaib has 991 a9buioni) mi 1p -nj pniioja ‘L9Vi9991 8i £103 199 11 .vxbaagcnn 1i hisrg 9&3 pninneis ‘b9vi9991 ai aibfp 91: 1931A .baiis ai aaiociq pniiisfla eflj ' ' ' - -1..- ,l- 1' ., - .1 , , ,-' ' Pfliaxagocwfl IO ijllfifflbj 5mg} 03 ‘flLJJ iJn 31%.: IO Lavmjja CLL-jl 1:3 ETiiblchoE Lgt fitfnvaja ‘amraui pituti 3u>rwabo cmi} CI .jIJLLE l4 grades and they are bagged whensold. If the grain—is stored,- costs of innoculating, aerating and heat checking are incurred. The grain is then used in feedszor loaded" out and sold. Receiving Wet Grains — This activity is the same as the receiving.and. storing activity except that that the‘gr‘ain is distributed to .theigrain‘drie‘r, dried, carried by auger to the leg, and then is returned to the distributor. At this point the grain can be stored or sent to the terminal or processing plant. Buying Grains - The buying process is included in this activity. No labor is required. Store Grains.e These are thevgrains stored by the farmer. This activity is the same as~the receiving and storing activ- ity except there is a net revenue associated with it. Loading Out and Selling Grains - This activity consists of distributing grains :to a rail car or1truck, which includes preparing the carer truck, adjusting the ispout~td~ lead and leading. Beans are bagged and then sent out. Transfer Grains from Inventory - This activity is used to transfer grain‘inventories from one month to ..the next. Costs of storing .are'incurred in this activity; Selling Feeds 1- This activity includes retrieving and preps-ring the corn and other ingredients, e.g., grinding, elevating ~to overhead scale, mixing and elevating to bagging bins or -overhead bulk bins. If the feed is bagged, included are receiving the bags, bagging, and storing in the warehouse _1 . on $14 Java." .L[oa ins juo .- . ". . -. r . .. Z- . ' ‘- e1 ~ .. '. 'rn .— - f .— — ” .- , . ' . ‘ .-. w r“ E‘HJ c3; 0.133123. Qiij C-J. fji‘v’vijhb dill; " cifilth'.‘ .' “w, 1hr. .r.‘/_[“":)“..’,‘. ... _ - _—--——_. - v f \ A A. ,_' - ' _- . hr 4.- ; ,I. _~,,, ,.A '. ' 1.,” '- - . _ m V : ',- - cl Albil euj anj 354$ unZAfl \31v :1» pHIIJja Lab phiV19Del 0 w s a 722‘ m A ‘N \ .1. $q-1 JQiYTBU \bsilh .Iuilb RiSI‘ 9M3 oj bajudiijaib "1' r! if.“ “ . -'1r {3" "1'L .’ -‘ {- ‘ ~'~ ‘ - ' v~~ I —: urJ- r - — - -f (“Luci 4:“. o1kJJLJ ..-J..jd_t.; 7.5.14 73.) .TzifliHJJI cil lithij nilb ‘LI‘BI 911 '~ ' ~.'- I D’ ,I f 1[ ' r I I r- ‘7 m ; {3' ~~-l-"1 ....1‘ -~ ~ .1~ ' C:-Lii.j HI. L‘JL/Uiofil d1. C.c’..‘.-i\JO_It{ PILL «'lJ'vi 9:1. "" cg". H”: l:.‘ 1.1!?! q .bcliuual "1 Imufil CK .“JLVLJQS r ‘1'?“ ‘1 1 '-' 7"" f" ’ " "3 "w“. “ "‘1 r‘mf 1" 1' " ("q 1‘2 '7 .- r)” If r' ‘w '\ z “-r ~-".3 .‘I_‘Jin[£).l ~;‘A{.ij ‘i’d‘: -)\.I'IC}J (.‘4 C¢£A.£[‘ J.t -:J-lA-\_ ;’ 4- — ./|CI'.4‘.’ - C. ... 1‘ a I ~1ls. . ~1 ~-'. r v‘ .- , o > s ‘~I Iv-Vs' .\r~' !- .J- r‘ - —\~‘~‘ -¢- .¢rv 1“,. 1'": I'- -L ‘ w: '| —vqup pnijoja bub pdiviuuul auj cb this SAJ cl K iqusb CL”; .ji mjiw Lrjsiooeas 9um9V91 jam 5 ei slunj 339930 v31 ejaianoo EjiViJDE ainT - ax'niD ;; egbuioni nuiéw \iou13 10 Ibo iibl s 03 aflifilp pnijudiifiei* 10 t I bus bx‘aoi oj jurqa shit pmijaut‘s’ .Aouxj IO ILL) 91w przittsgaiq '1 .j'c> fines rant? bus ixgppnd SK“) anneal .pfiiidMJi C. C . ,.,‘ 7"..1; . ,i‘ "n . s. . , , ._ ' -. ' _._.’_:,.‘ ..-- LEJdU c: V3.1. v‘iJ C31) ciii'l "' \"I clififlfi’fI-r; 1‘?“in (TIE Ff: I1) 1. 1...."-.t1fm *- A -- ~— .jxon 9fl3 03 fijnom 930 moi} aeiiojmevni misip Idlefiblj oj .vjivijos a'dj n: beiiuwni 915 Emiluja 30 ejaoi) ban pniveiijel efibuioni vjivijus aim? - a ”n7 grill»? H . 2 P". H \J r 4"'i J-'ll w \ t‘1 I . pniypsa OJ pmijsvuis bflfi yuixia ‘9inas bundigvo Qj pnijsvsif’ Eba;wjitm1i .LequLmi aj; {ukjl emzj' :I .zfimix' :LEuri 1Jg1:35«vx) It) arzili - ' ' 1i an- 1“,w~' .JH. Mr. .m Li - v ; 98HOH:JIEL~7 1.233.; NJ: THILWTJVFE: in»; ‘Diiism 33-1.: \L-LJHU. 11.1.} MALL Jiufflal L-f-i ~ ~ --3.—-L';-. \~'4'r « ~' 9' r-~-—- “"‘r' ---'- """‘ k ‘ DYE-$.27 ‘dJIl€)_LL)LjIy’lLL iJlLJk) 5311.1.) iIIUJ Li'JLJ 11111 l;3'~—j:21 I 15 or loading on a truck for delivery. The delivery.process consists of.lcading, taking.the feed to the farm, and re- turning to the feed mill. If the.feed is received from the heme plant, transportation of the feed frcm’the home~plantl to the elevator is included along with,the loading and un- loading processes. .If the feed goes directly fronsthe home. plant to the farmer, costs of the salesman are the only costs incurred. Grinding, Rolling, GrindingAand Mixing - The grinding activity includes retrieving the.grain.from the dump pit of the feed mill or from the elevator, grinding, bagging (bulk) and loading on the customer's truck or continuing the feed producing activity. Theirollingwactivity is the1sana.as. grinding. For mixing and grinding, the mixing process is added to the grinding activity. Shelling Corn - Dumping ear corn into the dump pit, conveying to Sheller, shelling, storing, bagging, or loading into a truck are the processes which could be included in ' this activity. ‘ q Selling Fertilizer — If the customer picks up the fertilizer,-only the loading process is included. .If the fertilizer is delivered, the loading, transportation, and unloading processes are included. Receiving and storing processes also enter into this activity. Selling Sidelines - This includes selling the item to the customer and loading it for him or making the delivery, as the case may be. ae9uo14 gigviint cm? .vxevii m Jul ELUIJ 5 no pniisoi 1 ~91 bns ‘mis; 9U: 93 3:91 9J3 pxiisj ‘pniisoi 30 ajaianoo adj $91: Lavioscr Li ixxfiimfij'il .liifi beg} 9&3 OJ painiuj _ jhsfq shod adj M911 L031 9h: 10 UQiJEJIQQLxLfiJ .jnsiq cmod r r , . ..1 ,- .r_; '. fr- -" v. .- - -- - p “z”? *uik' LJLLU; Ji -J“.r L9.5w !-htLLQ waiiJicm.1 r i VJZJUV1uLU sij' oj 1—3 0 1 {4- 0 a "I (I \j r...— ‘1} 'l' L -.L C. {‘1 i [k H 1.); IV?- LU (, :1 u 0 L.,. LL :1 m H a] .2 ‘. " P _‘ _ . ' 4, - . a Li'." .1. 1U:)fkl 3..) (3L)3 3 . N -r 1. _ '1-.. . c If“! H. F“ ;, yfl r 'C v 9 t ‘2 ,. ; , r\ ' _1 - l (J N .' ,~ _‘ . ‘ r‘ E’liiljfbi 1.1-) ‘31.; — {TH‘ -..’ L. . l.‘.-{.}D p-‘JI‘. .‘J'. L I ' ‘_ \-I‘.’.'._[_i .l.‘ ’ ‘1).11"‘£ 1L 6 O *be efij meii fliEIQ adj pnivcirjel asbuioni vjivij I I 6” _4; l H’ 0 U- h D ,1 ‘7 r * f ‘ " -4 :‘ 9~ . 7" ,r - -r :v ’- v- . s -- -'~ - Y ' h - (‘1 ' - — '- (1* a \ ~ - (Aime) {J Lnghu xLHHJLIEIB \ILJEMLJLQ euj LCDII so Il1_1iyuci 9nj ~ . xx 7 ' rr- '- ' l ' - " \'v\ " r ' u .‘-a '. ' y“. )r‘ —‘ -.’ - - ' l’_ s E 95,; :u.J‘ EILIUfLijfflfifl 10 .iqLJIj’ a 'lthwtmisz) su.J lIO EPHIJcECLL 1115 as arts 9d: 81 gjlvrjos pallicr sdT .EJLVLSLB paluubcrq {U P» associq pnixim 9M: ‘pnihnijp bus pmixim 19% .pnifinifip .vjivijos pnibnilp 5M1 OJ baths [lfinf'fi .Jiq QKUb cfij Ojni NICO 153 pniqsufl — HIGH Emiliflnfi e '- \ .-~ ~v . r‘ )- .v‘l' ya . " -' 2 I . - -"‘ 1‘“ («r' ‘ ' ‘ 'V n ’ ' 1 “ thJ;Gol its ‘gm1lgpsx1 t411rojaa ‘EJLLiiffll. ‘trvilsuna cj {n1lvemnuuo S ’ mi fluiwlomi 9% Lines M“jdw assessorq sdj 915 innij s OJci .vjivijos sidj 9d? qu aioiq Jifiujabo 9d: 31 - issiiz17~i ffiifica 933 31 .hobmiuni 2i aaoooxq pnibsoi adj Elmo .Issiiijiei has .moijsg1:_>t1;.--:.Js“1j .pnifisoi 911;! .b:.19VilcEg ai Ig-Siiijrel ‘Dfiiifljja £21? “WLfVISIwFfl .btflflliOCLL aqu s ¢N2M9.9LZ EilinbtJJlI A w ..JiVlij aihj mini 19319 main acaasooxtj .‘ _ a ’ .' ‘ ,. - .n .~ . F"‘ f“ I.._ . ' ,V ', ' . H , .' 1“ '. ’. [_' '_. ' ‘ - .-. I) 9i Luji .xni phlil mi seapliunt elm. (Ju 1; .;% ! \LLan 16. In the model deve10ped in this study the grains include corn, wheat, soybeans, oats, dark red kidney beans, and navy beans.» The feeds consist of dairy supplement, dairy complete, beef supplement, beef complete, poultry supplement, poultry complete, hog supplement, hog complete, and miscellaneous which includes rabbit feed, horse feed, mineral feeds, salt, etc. Fertilizers include potash, urea; mixed bulk, and mixed bag. sidelines are broken.down into building supplies, COal, chemicals, and all other farm supplies. Since feed and side- line sales are relatively constant (see Appendix C), they were prbgrammed on a yearly basis in order to reduce the size of the model. Fertilizerflsalss are not stable from mouth to mobth; therefore they were programmed on a monthly basis. A complete list of the activities-used-in'this study is given in Table 1. Production and Marketing Constraints Grain elevator- —feed mill Operations have basic produc- tion and marketing limitations. The next step is to incor- potate these limitations into the model. The following' sections'will deal with defining these constraints; Capital Constraint — A limited amount of working capital is available to the firm. This constraint obviously limits the business in financing new facilities, buying new machinery, ..i . buying grains, etc.' The capital available was derived by calculating_an average working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) figure over four years. Since the in- ventories of feed and sidelines remain relatively stable the ..x ._'-r 4 . 1 AA ‘3; I.) I ‘1 . ('57 F 3 r x' i '. ',r ‘54. 1 A L) ‘4. “01:12 UIZL. 11".) 9121?. ‘3“; 03 ifinfio. .' I A m011 oobbe1 c: ' I» .... .. u T .'\ ‘ ,— F‘ ii .“ :JX ‘,'C?d) 12:13.10 HI. - I— ~’ --.r 4.. 1 .. L‘J.“f‘2.jc3 4‘qu (3)113 t“. " '1 ‘r r ' .‘r L Av ‘ rrv ’\ mfv‘w‘r“ ' " .elesd kinsLom s Hm bsnmpzpoj OJ £35 (' K It L) ..- ,7 , ct .. t N. ‘L ;Q1i e15 EUHILQDLU 13"., i‘hwm mnj HI 1': - 1 ‘r '3 ‘- H’ ') ‘ — .. 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UL “L bflijmrfiuifl) 3ft111LYJ a has the} 10 asiIQJmsv cos “NV ucmEmHmmsm mom msHHHmm .mnH OOH mcHocHuw cos HMO mumHmEoo auuHsom mcHHHmm COB HmNHHHuHmm stm Umtz mcHHHmm COB HMO usmEmHQmsm mHuHsom msHHHom :09 won: msHHHmm cos HMO mumHmEoo moan mcHHme :09 ammuom msHHHmm :09 Hwy ucmEmHmmsm mwmm mcHHme cos Hwy mummh msomGMHHwomHz msHHHmm cos va mumHmEoo muwmn msHHHmm s09 \m HMO mumeEou mom msHHme cos Awe ucmsmHmdam suHoo mcHHHmm .mnH OOH mmH>mz mcHssm .mnH OOH mmH>mz maHHHmm can uso mchmoH .mnH OOH msmanm Owe Hume mchsm .sn OOH among msHHHmm can uDO msHUmoq .sn OOH memo mchsm .mQH OOH xmo msHHHmm can #50 OGHUMOH .sn OOH mmom mchsm .sn OOH mumo mcHHHmm can use OOHOmoH .On OOH pawn: OOHsOm .sn OOH whom mcHHHmm new use msHomoq .sn OOH CHOU Ham msHmsm .sn OOH s.HOU mcHHHmw was #50 mcHUMOH .sn OOH CHOU UmHHmnm mussm .mnH OOH muoucw>cH Eoum mmH>mz umumcsua .mnH OOH mmH>mz umz OCH>Hmomm .mnH OOH huoucm>sH Eouw .mQH OOH whocUHm pom xumo um: mcH>Hmomm 7 mamcoHM 0mm xuma Hmmmsona .sn OOH mpmo p03 msH>Hmomm .1 .sn OOH muoucm>cH Eoum mumo Hmmmsuue .Dn OOH mwom um: mcH>Hmomm .sn OOH muoucm>cH scum whom Hmmmsmue .sn OOH among umz msH>Hwomm .an OOH anoucm>cH Eoum pawns ummmssua .sn OOH CHOU umz mcH>Hmowm .sn OOH unapcm>sH Eoum suoo Hmmmcmua OOH mmH>mz mcHHoum can msH>Hwomm mnH OOH mmH>mz muoum .mnH OOH mamaeHm .mnH OOH mwmcon pom Memo muoum pom xumo OCHHoum new mcH>Hmowm .sn OOH mumo mnoum .sn OOH mumo msHHoum can msH>Hmomm .sn OOH whom muoum .sn OOH whom msHuoum was msH>Hmomm .sn OOH ummsz muoum .sn OOH pawns msHuomm ecu msH>Hmomm .sn OOH cuou muoum .sn OOH \M cuou Ham msHHoum can mcH>Hmomm Goa HMNHHHuHmm mum wmtz msHHHmm .sn OOH cuou poHHmzm msHHoum 0cm mcH>Hwomm mm mmHHmmsm Eumm Hmnuo HHM mcHHHmm .mumlcmz mEHUHm>O Honmq.wEHB nuns msHuHm mm . Awe aHuoHsonu osHHHom “.uumsquz “MHsmom uOAMH.ms a uumm.mcHuHm cos . . .Hme Hmoo maHHHum .mumuamz _asHuuubo noan usHa HHsm.mcHnHm mm Hsv mmHHmasm ochHHsm mcHHHam . .mumnasz .Hanomm noan wsHe.HHsm wcHuHm HHOO " wuH>Huom uHco. . -NuH>Huo< .|.mmHuH>HuO¢,mo.uqu .H «Heme \H I m ') F . Lg. h . < 9‘! ’ U- (,3 2" ...: C‘ l. (u [—1 H. -c r {) _. -I in 1X.“ {V HHE‘F; ernH H+Hr- kn. nut. .H..H.H.+J- 4 WHAC. I'll..l - c III; Hirlnll “HO mOHHuscm OOHUHHcm mzHHme .muzuahz H? mem HOHCL wFHH ”HO Hmou OQHHHnm .HHEIQUE 03H Hone Hoamh mswfi ‘ 1 H u . v meermgu UEHHHUm . Hmlmnz HFH.mmm HOQmL QEHH moHHmtcm Beam H SOC HHm ODHHHwO . thang uEHurw<$ HCLUH mEHe HQuHHHHOLA ma: WLXHK maHHHUT .CQ OOH QHOC anHmhm OHHHC :HOU mHOHw .CQ OOH /m :HOU m: wquca wHme .CQ OOH oath: TnHHE meow weouw .CQ OOH mmow . 1m .CQ OOH mumo chnrHs box mung GHCum @cm rung \ m 'T'f :3 “1' .‘v H ‘. —‘\ L; l1. L L1 (U CU LI‘ (‘1 37‘ ."f (’1 TV 12 1. ’H' H! I- '4 ‘ -‘o ‘w- I ,_ » ‘ r " I—q {7} v H h I Ms 0 L. ‘ 5L) 5‘ .. ‘x ,. O H .) ’1 <40unwwnH aflww QHOC uuwwuhHa OO mmH\" I 4- "3 H l x.) HH L0. ,1 ’f‘ m‘ L4 I H F— pa k. L5. " IT‘I a ,4 H. H. H (U (U CL) 30% OOH 8 {13 ”4‘. h . l..- [..- .9 ti u? [/7 H. F-v Ft ’ LL H ‘0 oil it F- t“: m U“ U; ( ( f‘ »<‘ 2“. kl L Ir- \— Ht- ' L_. 44 r \a t V A r". v pus [4. p- Fa LL '3 4‘: 7.? F— J fw-u / u L. (7’. 6 3.4 l I) H t.— H r'. V (L (L7 O (U }L H ‘ . ..lk . v .. 4. N . s..H.1 ffoflufl'JWA a." . 4 I“ \r s A, mrh IV" ..-: i.' |"\ Lv sb‘ \J :06 mm r O 1. 18 .m>onm H muosuoom mum I >Humm> I HMO \m .mHmmn cuoo UUHHonm a so mH cuoo Ham \M .va MHHmmh ma HHH3 awn» space an space you mum mmHuH>Huum may «H .Hov .oma .sz .>oz .Hsv .uoo. .Hmv .udmm .Hav .msa .Hkv mHsn .HOO mash .Hmv mm: .HOO .um< .HmO .umz .Hmv .ams .AHV .cmn .umw» on» no mnucoE m>Hm3u one on mckuooom meH>HU mum mmHuH>Huom on» .mH uses .mUoHHmQ mme3u mo nomw you on HHHB Umuoc mmHBszuo mmchs mmHUH>Huom HH< \w AOOOOHHOooO .H mHnma *H'fl .- O ......t I. r. m.) .) ..z..(.LI.AMu!;.LHLJ .W. m» (— ‘ baa .mFoHHuQ 0~ "- ’ ~ “~' 5 1‘ ‘ ‘ ' " v I " v‘ ‘r ,-" E- . r‘ I‘ I- 'I' _‘ - .L‘110fc :Mfr;s_ hf;_77213 Hf‘v’“ "‘;:\.J.-) E“. '- ‘J’ 1 .L . 3 a LT (“fl {W11 '1 ,1”. '~."_L f1") 13")": I. 17.937 1’; '13"; 811157.33 3' ""' \ ,. , . .~ - . — - - r ' .- -~. .— -. r . I7 r\ :-\ ~_ !' W a ,. —‘ - - v 'v . ’f ' ' Liroy enisza 3;~ on Joni ois cuqngnJ .rurnb Jun stow juinila 21 be accepted by the program. A complete list of constraints used in this study is given in Table 2. The Model After the activities and limitations were defined, a partial model was constructed. This model was useful in. setting up the complete model and in collecting data. A sector of the model used in this study is laid out in Table 3. Note that only two of the twelve periods were used in this sample model and that only one grain, one feed,‘one4 ‘ fertilizer, one Sideline, and one type of labor were used This simplified the writeup considerably. AOne merely needs to eXpand this sample model.to get the.oonplote.models. The data and coefficients in the matrix will be demonstrated in' the next chapter; .-. a L .1 -L..~\ “ _A, " .. - ,r.’ .- ‘ ,1 5 - .. r» -.-? . _, I, -.l...-__ . ajlrrgro “.23 :13 J; {i f:j'iup“.‘ :1 ..urfgo1;{:4nj ~{i btduygoos.saj .L si;ri a: x~vrg er yurje art! n1 been afluijbjififi bub RQLJLVLJOS 9&3 1931A ('7 ’ y ‘ L. Li: :2 r:- H-' r.“ C1 if \ F‘! 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(Q) mn') mu 0 1) I Y Y- Y— Y— Y Y Y Y \£ (W) :nxa13nn03 Iefizqaj S- I I I I I I I I- (H) av£3331113U 10151 9: I (m ni-islievA .mJ euu'l' 11:1 q: 1 (H) Ynlooqav 19110 G: I I \g (H) Yaiunan pnianaa J pnivlowufl Q: I b.- (M) oandu1uq 05 n10? beIIonz S- I I I- I- (H) n10? .bida ovionofl I .01018 (vufl 9: I (V) ep5103a to! sidnisavA n10? .han S- I- I I- I 97;0.- (H) vianevnl n10) I: I- i F - I I EEIO.- (H) vvkonqnfl opn1uja InYuT I: Y Y- I1) intrjjnnoU Ilfltqnfi x- l '6) nu tnxlilaU Indol 1: I CH) danfioq In! jeljuo .0152 I: I (“1 pnzbnlun 1‘) jeIJUO a9152 1: I 2.1 (H) 15:2o1a3 pnxbnk10 [- ?Q- 69. (H) n10? 19H I q’ l [2) ”119.11.1103 1:31-45" :- I (a) nOIJISIII?U IodaJ ‘RI H I> l.- S.- -i)) oazuvuuq n! n10? bell-r.J \\:J ,- Q> l.~ I.- “-(1) oarfl3xuq o: nuuu bellsnd H} I 'Q) xxwinnwfil “fin! n10? IeianaaT r< I (H; 11o1w~wtl n9nl nxou xelaneir 25 Table 3 . (continued) _l_/ ¢ = October 3/ Y Yearly 3/ N November L/The(HWIMA program is a minimizing program; therefore the signs in the profit function are changed. $’The)('s, Y's, and Z' s can be found in the net revenue, capital constraint and labor utilization tables of the These are given by activity. - next chapter. _6_/ All grains brought in during a month may not be sold during that month. This model assumes l/2 of the grain brought in during a month is sold during that month. 7/ §/ S 3 September? Notice that the capital constraint is affected for fertilizer sales. Fertilizer is bought one month, sold the next and paid for the following month. Therefore, . the capital constraint is affected by this lag in payment. Feeds and sidelines are assumed not to be affected in such a manner, as the sales for these items are more constant. Grains are bought out of storage for 6 months following They are-bought in” the month in which they were stored. ° 4’ I 2’ e 1 p the following proportions for these six months. .1, .l, 51“ These preportions were obtained from the Grains are stored only during records of the sample firm. their harVest months. Note that inventory is affected in the same preportions. Three months have been shown in the sample model. ’ ~ ;; ' ~ ‘ ..g ... ~ v D*= December 1 = January This is the amount of corn in 100 bu. units in'l‘ ton of dairy feed divided by 12. That is there are .2143 100 bu. ‘ units of corn used for every ton of dairy feed produced. a» (See footnote 16. ) These transfer activities bring grains into the present month from the inVentOry of the previous month. This assumes 95 percent of the corn that comes in is wet. This holds for harvest only. and z are the right hand side values (the production -Pl ‘HI and marketing constraints) given in the next chapter. The coefficients in the yearly activity volumes must be divided by twelve when they are associated with the twelVe monthly constraints. (hsunijfloo) ladojoO — E Y I. .1 {3‘} Y Isrhnavrfifi '4 .. . 1 ,.,- -7 —,.- , '. -. ' ,1‘ ’ -- ~~ .-—~. I 7‘ '1 ' 111 rsn)tanrj.1 u 01}u_1@ :;1[51..«r1‘1 - cl ! sirmgiq £n£11QI) enl? , . ( ,1- _- ,. ‘. : '71..-_ .,r - ' .L‘p , ) vim fllfjjhfll jiiolq suj n1 ample a I r ~. v ’ ‘ \ - A :J. o'r 1' r"~ '~' ‘ ‘-' a 7“ r I“ r ' "I rr I ' “mum, \‘rg-‘I _J' 7.1 Lt):.-J 1.1 ..-uuzk‘i T_'(_.{ ;lf.---' .-.:‘. C: ...)flfz ‘8 Y ‘8 X BFIT :, 3.- I , _ ', J - I". - '-~ - - . ' . 4.} is 1,1.n3 noija.11r1s Ideal u.“ Jnrbijanoo ijIQbD ' 1" I-'r~' -.» O‘,V.’ .\ - ~ n,.r7 v . ~-' ‘ ~ .fjxmvij.in ‘91 fu~¥ll) 51:; as H.T .11xhdnru) JAEMT r... . , ..’ , .. . -. 7:4 w '. .,:. ' - ,: a -_ ' LLOA on ion an ninth n Qifbd Al JHEUOJJ anisip ILA ',-—.. .7- . " .a— ...—ya. I ..L," — ..-! ..-‘- ' [11:41.9 Eggj 30 L. \L catnbflrif) _L ~..JQ.‘:1 7:31.153 .IJLJIIUIJ’ SILLJ Eull .IIJD .njmom jnuj @flilUu blue El njnom 5 palluo n1 inpUOId = 8 101 bmjoeiic 2i jninvjanmo bios .Ljnan one domed ',.‘ ":1 u-x —.A-.|FI'I «' . r -. ...‘x r Alb »1 “‘J-:I._).L;J'..~Jii- .1131‘IOM PFILNL'lLul €31. .jnumyaq 31 phi arhj yd pejnuixs 81 none at bejusile 9d oj 30m newness amoji e 3&3 To} pmiwoiloi adjnom a 103 ep51oja 3 hi jdpuod 915 vsdT .beIOJa 919W .5. :adjmom xia need: 101 an .jubjanoo exam 935 ‘L,.S. edj moui bsmisjdo 919w enoijroqoiq seed? pmimbb vino b91038 915 enisia .mii mi Leaoelis ai yrojnevni jsdj 910M ed: mi nwoda need evnd animom eeldT do n03 I Hi afijflu .ud 001 mi n10 ..er ("El EH3. offs emf? ai jisriT .S .bsnufovq [993 yiibb 30 mod ylsvs o ojni anisjp jnenmgiq mij .njnom auoiveiq on: 3 E‘. "J o y .3uw 8i HI asmoo 35d: . y i- n 0 band 3d ( J2 0d jams aefiufov vjtvijos ylmney _l,--'.J. '.- .-.L—' , , _. ..., . . ._ T- fluo {ijd EuLJDIOCflkmo 911.-{JLJ 12', [_jIJI I (3 Hi nm'ip a :31; i 1:. v 5'.“ ’f j runijrm‘fltriq (adj) .‘153JagILrfiJ jz<£41 . at: .1 ai ICETIIJIOi IOJHDVHI HIOO efij lo jnesqu EQ Iaumgjusd adj deJ ooijufi .aelea IBSILTJISI 3 ICE bisq bns jxen 0d: jaisijanoo isjigno adj ems senilebie has ahead seine ed: as ‘juman: 5 isjiqiza O jIKD jdpmuml OT£\E%II613 yer-£3 {fold-’7 III. Iijrzimr OIJIOQOIQ pmiwellci 9&3 .I. .I. .l. i eiqmsa adj 30 EbIDDQI .adjnom jeev15d liedj .anoijroqorq emsa edj .iubom elgmea ed: U I IDJIIILJZHJU ‘i7K141b11 = Jmuoms 9&1 31 21%? beiivib L951 yulsb been STUD 30 ejinu (.BI sfianjooi 992) ijivijos o 30 I we ICE 'W .. ..r- £’8'J..I lilafiblj or Noni dinom U a muses aidf .e jacvmsd TOT ehiod aiflT 4\ .E BldnT ./ irD Chapter 3 THE DATA The data for the programing model were obtained from These included a questionnaire cempletcd. Qeveral sources; _ by the manager of the «ample-firm (see Appendix A.) at secondary sourcesr firm_income.statements and balancg sheets, and supplementary interviews with the manager of the. sample firm. Data Presentation Repa1r Costs - Unit repair costs were found by d1V1d1ng I ‘ The the annual repair costs by the volume handled per year. annual repair costs were obtained from the questionnaire and the volume data were obtained from receipt and sales figures. 1 I - ' ' The repair cost data are presented in Table lB. ‘ a s L 1 Power Costs - The majority of the power comes from Power costs are divided into two categories: electricity. The rates used for these two cate- harves t and non-harvest . ‘Using‘the gories were $. 035/KWH and $. 04/KWH respectively. above rates along with motor sizes and capacities of the various equipment items (motor sizes and capacities are given in the questionnaire), power costs per unit were calculated. These calculations are shown in Table 2B. Similarly, 1111 Table 1B, the "B" refers to Appendix B. and "D" in Table 1C and Table lD refer to the Appen- the "C" :31): in which the tables can be found. 26 YTIfiIUHLJLqJB . (r; liIfnch:ft-‘_k—_.1 OI GEMJI '- U1..- "’1'- Quits-I (.1. -ruy'”fi sum: 01 tu1151 LgL elguic Emugfjl 91-1VP LI \: euJ .I--:"I.‘.'I(>i {”1 171:?) R",'~‘:1"‘ir’3.'1 "wilt LT'JIIIW {II Silk) 27 Ingredient and Supply Costs - These costs are outlays for the purchase of productive inputs that are sold without further processing or are processed and then sold. Included in this category are grain, fertilizer and sideline costs. Ear grains, the average of the monthly prices received by farmers from 1964-1967 were used (see Appendix C). Feed, fertilizer and sideline costs are a function of the cost to the farmer and the margin received by the sample firm. The margins used in this study are as follows: feeds (16 percent), fertilizers (10,percent), building supplies (15 percent), coal (40 percent), chemicals (12.percent) and all other farm sup- plies 20 percent. These are the markups on cost. Ingredient and,supply costs by activity are shown in Table 3B. Table 4B shows variable costs by activity and Tables 53 and 63 display revenue and net revenue data. To determine which equipment items listed in Tables 1B and ZB are used in each activity, consult the "Defining the Activities" section of the previous chapter. The repair and power costs listed in Table 4B were derived from the information given in the "befining the Activities" section and Tables 18 and 2B. The variable costs and net revenue data will appear as profit and capital coefficients in the matrix of the model. For fertilizer, it was assumed that the loading out cost was incurred when the fertilizer was bought. Fertilizer was bought one month, sold the next and revenue was received from the farmer the third month. This put a more realistic bind on capital than if fertilizer was bought and sold the same month. .; ..— .-v— -- ,.t if a.” '3 'II‘. __ ,V _i.- .~ vfi . . "1 " _.,r g. - . 5I_uo 91s CIIUJ gaunt 34604 JIIHMM :,n jfiwigfii““I ___.......___.__..:.1. ..EL ‘\ i- - ... .. - ...-F- -... _. ____-_ _._._. 'j'f/v 9‘ L jLOfiJIv bios ems jsdj athnt 9vijothoxq do easfioxuq add 101 bebuianl .iIu: med: has hsaawoomq 915 30 paIeaeooxq Iedjiui .ajeoo 9HIIQSI3 bus myrIIIjxnI .HIBI’ 915 yxopojso aIdj nI WI {121.7191'19’3 assi'q \WIiJ'I'zfaxz :,.«.;'J‘ 30 9751;612:1115 91b ‘anIslp 10‘1 2. w- (’1' / '-\ n : 'I\ g . ‘ V , :A , ~, r3 ‘ . « w. fl; ‘- v“ :\ W \ h A ‘Lflu; .\J xIIJrqwm 90a) Iain 919w \gtIatuBI meli alumjsi (3) 3;:L ) CW5; it) fiflutjijflija n c"ta. 8;}3133 JFIIIffi:LIE twis 1213i1II;11533 " ’ ' . 1 ' "" r ' .- f “ l'1 ‘ "" .‘x-.‘ r‘ A“! v-- n‘v—l (1:! -~ v" '-" ' -' ::.;1 ...'III Diving»: 9113 'fo I..'..'\7IJCJLJI Mtg- 11".: 5:114 IS '21:)...1131 :‘llj 1" .4 A I c L} {- n } v I 1 \ .4 .J v m E'WW ,1. \M ‘1 r *1 ll lb | J .... -‘\ H \ J L I) 915 vbujs aIflJ HI Lean aniprsn L. 3 J _ O I z — - .--, ~ .. .1 .. ' .1, ' r _ .\-,p,, . _ IbJU .(smeizwg LI) Rffifiibm EMIJIIUQ ‘Ctneu 94 UI) uILSlIlj133 I :_ I L g y “* ~75. :'s’ ‘C It» In” (Iniolui SI) 315:1 coo ‘(jndawci Cb) A .l N , -~A»‘ . .--.:——. 1 ,_t , I. , '1 j )1 JILJ .3 o no 9* 'w n', 01s dcaiT .bUGJluq OS aeIId 'F 4‘“ I "*"-"' ' ‘ V I‘ ' r“ v - 7‘ D v» vAr .fic elubL HL flwuhfl 91b (3131315 3d cj:oo qiguua has . aeIdsT bns yijIjos yd Ejaoo eIcerBV awoua a; eIdsT - _——-.— ”--—_.--_-~—._ .-.-— 9nInxojeb CT .5355 eUHGVsI +:+n bah eumow I V511“ i5 85 555 55 - _ ...-...- ..--g— _..__—-.. -.. —_...- —— 7 mi than are 83 has &I aeIdsT nI bejaII emejI jnemqiupe dOIdw 7H ateIvaoA edj menIiou end JIU? moo ‘quvass does hsngI 23203 jewoq has IIsqen edT .Iejq5do auotvoxq edj 30 903 HI nvap nonamwofinI 9d3m011 E9VI19i 919w Eb eidsT HI sfil‘ .a; xmus 311 asIrhfiP has {M1Ljoea”:aJIIIerr2A anti p IFLIIGt' jIloxg as lavage IIIw sjsb eunevej 39m LHL 83803 sidLIxsv 101 .Iobom 9M3 10 AI: iSLT efij nI at IGIoIijeoo Istqso has aaw jaoo juo paILsoI 9d: jsmj bemuaas saw jI ‘1oxIIIJIei am: fir'r'IIIJ 191 .ji'ipuod 85W 1:33;-ILIJTI‘CE} rayij riexiw fge’a‘IjuorII m013 bflVIQDQI saw ouawvgj ins fixed wdfi tics ‘fljuon 9mm jflpuod Enid DIdaIIsww 910m 5 ing aIflf .djnom bxidj 9dj Temnsi adj {HJELE istfi I)I(7?§ Ihfzfi, :Igfrrgfixi ajsvz '1?:$.II I iii; 1 iLI r1rm€:i .[15j_IV£IJD IUD .djncl 28 Labor Utilization Data on labor-requirementS"ware.obtained from A Linear Programming Model of a Grain Elevator and Feed‘girm.2 These data were then manipulatedIso as to best fit the activities used.in this.study.. Inaccuracies will be present in our: model by using.these.dataqdue,to differencesdin management, technologies, and activity definitions. The Kansas Study should be consulted,for the process definitions.usad therein. Tableb7B:presentsqthealabortrequirement~datgydev910pedifor) the processes defined in the Kansas SthY-; Table 83 shows the processes defined in the Kansas Study changed~t0‘the units used intthis‘study. Note that san-* minutes were-changed to man-hours.' Table 9B shows thé processes which were used from the Kansas Study to define the activities presented in this study. Labor requirement data for each activity are also given. Coefficients in the uatrix The coefficients in the matrix are-the transformation or substitution rates Specifying the amount of fixed revenue added or subtracted due to the entry of one unit of activity intO'the problem solution. Matrix coefficients {all in one of two categories, those that add to their corresponding resoutCe supply and those that subtract from it. Each coefficient has either increasing or decreasing effects on 'bzA Linear Programming Model of a Grain Elevator and Feed Firm, Kansas Study, 92. cit., pp. 9-14. II 7 .‘ :‘L - no '7 4w . - I- ’1' \ -1.’ I: I _ {'1 I.‘ J . ' . g4 A1 _. . .. ' '. ,. -.. I _ . ' “I r. ' I .. -- . . I - r u; ..- Tish.) [TL 3 f1 13c. L; I 1 1111 l I. L1] c.‘ 53 _f. L'L LI :- :53 2.1L . W Led...‘ J 3 ‘33) t. in}; Y {L} F":’.‘;. “I’lf ‘ L1; ‘13 f-JIJ‘) {3.31 . :j' )fE—I ‘f‘ V‘r r L? , 'n“ r' "'1 . . .. ‘,_i 'rn ' 7M; .‘.+ IV”. .1” - 3'- . ‘( .~ '-.‘ J a: L I |’..1)J..L ‘i!' L s C. I.L..) 1--.: L a1.[ J .')A‘ (V .. t -/ I4 .-‘1‘1 1. (It) ‘ , - 7L 1'" ' 1 r' 3 '3 ‘ I.) J J 1‘. jasm91iup91 tofisJ .yfiuja aIdj HI Laineaauq astIvijos 9nd atenmlorur 5.3L} {1.91/9 yJIvIJ 9no nf pm E'I".I‘.rt-}I Fw‘ w. ...,u _. - .-- - ._. J i U; S T"! . I rew'. ".- . ..,.. ,- ...' , ,- _ I I l"i)¢'-.f_] It) jllnlfl‘iflfiv €3in LIIII‘{3£J£;L38 63-951 (1‘11 ...’z 313.1 399319 pnI8597999 IO meELQIDHI 1933I9 251 c iflfisveii my, '3) Q i d “D C (p r.- I‘:‘LI ’ I O {U H Ci 0 ,_ I 'T. ‘fi 0 L}- ... ( -_4 L 7-7. '.I_ ‘..\4.r ..-.-. ...-".-. L .9.“ ‘f- ‘14 {Vfljibqqfl Int J gilt/“JILQr_fiI Igubl 3 .,953£ War; If frrhwj ' mJIZIC‘ 5 'LC _[fifVTT u v' J l :2 'r-a ‘ Ir . . r. ,_ x L r‘q \ » 1‘! ‘1 ‘f‘ ,T 'A A D ... + I L s a 'N '8 J H -‘o L‘ '--»-< I. - ,l _r LICQJI'TIDI LO no 5353 udtnmrfimdjq . ....__—__- L__ ..-—... 9'16; w sjnb aid: HI been Ian yd Isbom a9Igol __ ,. __: k1 J 5.; \J v r 4 "‘3 I ‘ \ c. - ‘ 5‘. . '. ! ~ ‘ ’ ‘1 ‘ . ' ' v Kbh4.. essrwzi 9:3 UWVII rams) 916W.I.9I:J. ave .navIp OEIB 939 yjivijss Hose 10 VIIJLN ed} MI ajn9I9I33eGU .—~_-_ .— . .-‘fi 2+1 ,I h. stj 9nj 915 ijjsm en: mi ejneII -u jIflu 9H0 30 yxjns ad: 03 95b RajObdeUa 10 cruised - . ‘r .. bit as 900 edT “Abffi A-~/ ajn7I9I139oo xIIJeE .nnguIQa meidoxq adj OjnI , .. -... 1. -.. . F- - _, \r >- A'-‘ —.- - 3110:) Ti'idj CL? £5).an 3:...nt (.J-1(_’1':I :.v.fIC I .jI mou? jQEdeba jrnj maaij has vim” ,- ,‘ \ zL— - =« m' w “I; r1*“wfi ~~nw11 I“ . i s i3 L _, x |_ l . . ’ 1 ....- ,w 7 ‘ 4 . , . r - 3 ww}. 1 I —- [1 I I ‘ I f - I ‘ ‘ . .w I t - - I 7‘, ‘ ‘ I j I A z ‘ L )- —- LA . r \. , L) .’L ‘ -_-'- -- 29 its corresponding resource supply equal to its value multi- plied by the activity level it rsprssents; Many of the coefficients used in this study have‘already been discussed, i.e., profit, cost, and labor utilisation coefficients.' The only confusing part associated with these coefficients is the way in which fertiliser was handled. For fertilizer, the capital constraint coefficients were‘ staggered. That is, when:fertiliser is received, capital: is depleted during that month: it is sold the next month and capital is received the thirdtmonth- Costs of selling the fertilizer were assumed to be intthe purchase cost. Other coefficients were matched with the-activity and the ssso-f oiated‘constraint.i Table 3 demondtrates how the coefficients fit into the-model. .... Constraints and Limitations In order to complete the model, production and marketing constraint data were obtained. Some of the data used here were obtained from the questionnaire, e.g., machinery capac- ity, drier capacity, receiving capacity, labor availability, etc. .Other data were obtained from the records of the business. In the case of the receipt data, the daily data were aggregated to obtain the monthly figures. The con- straints (R. H. S.) used in this study are listed below. 4 "I Those constraints not listed are identically zero. Working Capital - The average working capital was cal- culated from the balance sheet of the business. This figure 'was found to be $78,372. From this figure, the capital tied .rs‘. ,r: . - r r- ;- "K Y -r-" ‘r I rr'v s" v r -—- .‘r‘-g".‘¢l‘,-‘ ' "irJiLuI :.I;.'I.=_I_J_-V III“; Uj .LLLIi'Jr .J.-.,-.Ju3 1;.‘51U0d'3'1 E‘flLL-‘iiLI‘V'iL‘IIOO Eji .ajnfiusIndj ii I YQI yjIVIJDB adj yd Luiiq ['11 ,.:;'. ",.,:.\.-..~ -..... .‘H‘... .11..“ ..‘-. -- ' '- 3 1..) .L .f.’ lain. 5;-...'_V-IK\'lJ."'Sj) J IUD} I.L-L«".L2 -1L\}~) \‘LiLO (.3111 .83fl9131-. L-U ~ P O O 3 L.” (I) O .‘-, i‘l‘ -‘-.-vr '- '>-- . rs.- ‘ e a. r“ ;-'Irs . -‘: ' *‘—$ ,. . . . f-‘L‘T-L)filrfi-l CLERK, 1;§.§_L-L Lj 121:3. I-.- ..Li.‘.\.’ [1.]: ‘13- “'1’ L'iLJ EL ajfieisl .L :rr9ux afirnzIngffle up erIniLIaHCXJ IraanIEU sedj‘ ‘I ngil Ijjgfi ICTE L D“ I?) tn :1 (1;, 2’2 1'? 5..) . .4 ‘4 ( I ZJ (Q Q {'1 }__ 9 PL! "J '— L4. H i; .2 C1 U- 1‘" Li "(I :2 H- H ‘L'Q be (1‘ (D L L D H .0 (D U‘ (U H‘ efij puIilea 30 2320) .fijnon EIIdJ 953 b9VIecni aI istqno '- 13510 .3509 maemuinq adj nI 9d 03 Lumuaan 919w bellljlai ~Oaan ed; has yjIVIjsfi 9&3 dev b959$£m 919w aideIoIiieoo TIdET .jnffiijamoo bejsIo {‘0 LI a r4 «4) H U L., H. .r—ql-J ! O O 23 2 . q. ‘E‘ "J .‘ J U.- {n ) H LL (U :2 (I >5 (v- .I9hom end OjnI in 2H9IiEiImIJ Ems aJnISIjanoD paneiTs; has ncIJQUbQIq \i9bom 9&3 ejelqmoo 03 define n1 919d beau sigh of: 30 94nd .bbninjmo 919w siub jnIsmjanoa -—9.eq.~:t) ‘~.’“i.€:~.fi..I(Lari-III “9.9 .9*II.5I1I:OIJa£mp 9113 moi} bganisjkio 919w L yoneqno pnIVIeflsi ‘vJIUngfiD 1913b ‘yji 1"“- J \zJIIIIBIILVE nuiL. D '4- enj 19 3530991 edj maxi benIfide 919w sjnb radio . -9 ud OJ fjbb {lino adj ‘5jrb quwoad 9dj 10 9399 9M3 HI .aannI ~Ixxv 9;?f .aarmIpIi \gifijruwfi and {Ltfij h) OJ Ixujbgnylpye sxtgw .wQde LQiaII 919 yfiuja Rifij NI bgau (.8 .H .9) ajnInija r ' a TV '-—s'c‘;'>' -‘ 2‘ ~ “1".. " r ' I" ' ’\ “‘ .O‘I‘EI. Y‘IIEUJNJij-IJI “Jim .51.- .erii 3‘qu c3-Jf:_lFJ‘IjF?fICJ9 9304". I’ “J ‘r r ‘V ‘ ~ ' a “r‘ . . v', .~‘~ - r -. . - ~ r "I”‘ " . ' r‘ ‘R ' .'- ‘ ... -Ibo dbfl ij££LJ DHIHIvN vyquwu an: - Irfitwr) rfltfltwfl '1 L "H .. . I. _ - _ 7 . " _ ,— , ,-. .r . - _, ..7 aIupJI sin; .caeGIaud adj .0 Jfluhd Udhbinw adj «9:1 szsiLJ EELLj IIEIIQEK) unj' 97I3:II ¢;I£3 {LOILL .4 J ‘ 1 30 up in feed and sideline inventory was subtracted ($51,000),3 which left a workingycapital constraint of $27,372._. £3225 - Table 103 shows the labor whichIwas available. The.business is Open from 7:30 A.M.r5300 P.M.. Monday through Friday and from 7:30 A.M.712:00_E.M. on Saturday during the non-harvest period. During harvest the.business is open for sixteen hours Monday through Friday and sightI hours on Sunday._ There are twelve-full-time men available; six of these men are available for overtime~work.; Part-time laborris available_fron July through December. One man is available in October_and November.and-twe men are_availah1e the.other months. When overtime work is necessary, part-time laborers work two.hours;overtime during Monday-Friday, ten hours on Saturday, and zero hours on Sunday. -Forty hours per week is assumed for full-time regular labor.. One hour is taken each day for lunch. Weekly figures were multiplied by four to get monthly data.. gegeivingnand_§toring Capacity - To_be consistent with the labor data,-the number of working hours during non: harvest are 188 and during harvest are 352 (8% hours for 5 daysb+ 4% hours en Saturday = 47 and 47 x 4 weeks/month = 188 -- non-harvest: for harvest, 5 additional hours are put in for 5 days + 8 hours on Saturday + 8 hours on Sunday = 41 and (41 + 47) x_4"weeks[month - 352). The receiving capacities for each grain were recorded in the questionnaire, however, 3From questionnaire, see Appendix A. IcinevxI unIIMIIa Inn $993 nI qu .1KE.T;. .a JXI fijsqqfi ILJI':: QfiIAjow 5 3191 ds'iw .ru£.bLIJ;;n :JuV d9? i~ In HLL :“t - (a .K?[ eI_MYF - Irwhzl 31-9 511015. . ‘1 1. ‘7 : E3~ .31.:1 L ‘1 : ‘T “Emit? [2531;0 a: I 885’le I and an”? <{sbtu3Iiixv3 .U.if(NJ:SI*.FuK (NizT Lei? in;s ysinfilxipucidj {L ’U \-‘ H ,i t- P s l I H‘ r l: .— L L "\ Q \ t: s v. v r c' r-« u F1 (I. y \ C ) r i "‘1 I t- \ Li. C L I § i" (- 5.4 H H ' n ‘ 91‘ L; f i n; I ‘ ="w adj pnIIUb s1": ‘ ’ ‘ I . . t —' v ~'~ I ’7 vs ’ .- .r' ‘— . . jIpI9 truJ'gsuIii IjJMTLij quwxua «IJCH ;N133Ia lid rmxxa aI :e[.HLIL/s new 9mIfi—iiui eviawj 915 slanT .ytigua no EIUOd anIHvs 915 new 939d: 10 xIa }__ .A '_-I 4,. ..l‘!’ ‘. '._.I -,.,Z._,;-. ‘ ,- .. . 5‘)£..I.J—J 1.931. ..iIJ‘J 11.:.L-1.1':J‘.L) .101 t) ;, aI nix emu .Isdmosud figumiij yIuL mori eidLIIsvs aI Iodsl sidstsvs 915 new DWI has fiufiwsvmh LHS 1990390 nI sidsiIsvs IWIJ~3Ibq'\YIIaaumgn aI AICW sijxuvo nedfi .edjmom Tunic 961 me: .ysnIaiwyLbaoH §fiilhb stjIQVO ajuofi ow: Hicw aISIOdsl EIUOd yjroi .yshnue no argon 0793 Ens ‘ynbwuina no arsed iuod enO .Iodsl unimpev said-llul 103 bonuses aI fleew ieq beIIqulum 919w eeiugIl yiieofl .domul lei ysb dose neflsj aI .sjsb yidjnom imp 03 Inc} yd w -'= w 3 IN a i d r: 02> 0’3‘ - .114? IE”;=‘_‘-T~'L£~";?_-E:QELI-ELTI-LE'I‘. _.r*.‘;T?.I’_‘."_-'=C.‘:E‘.;‘E ~uou pnIILb armed pnIflIow 30 leimun 9ij ‘sjrb Iodsi smj ““N I": ". 'r-fi a 13} aiuofi j?) SCE 915 jasvusfi pniiub has 935 399Vjsd 881 =f djzmvn\e;hwa I >( Yfi EMTS Vii = \y431ujféfi no zriucwi {I -+ RYLJD HI Jug 91L auuod IbnOIijbs c \3H9V15fi 101 :JSJVIEH‘HOK -* LIE}; II = ynirma rm aimed 8 + \{LL‘IujI-a no aim-9d 8 + aynb El 103 h r _ ' a a ,,I ' ' -‘ . \‘ r. . ,» - 7 "~ aoijangss pflIVKQUQI 95¢ .(33 = hTflflflycAUON b x (Yb + IL) -' ' . " v ' :- - -‘ 1 v» ».' v I . -'_.. ’4 ’ ‘ V p " " . "‘ ' C's . ., (‘I-JV-"gs'gol. \DIIIZITIII’SLjr'ifiizrtl 9;.) LI ...UI..I€.-=V-I.»i 916%} {111311; {1959 ’14)} ..___..._-.. >"'_"- f v v . 1" . w ~w = -' I J m "- I" 7 2' ' I" "' N - 4‘ ' .‘ f ' V’ ‘P ' '>{ s ’f'» -'L__;.~I[‘I' I‘. 4". 71‘ ‘ C. ‘ ii ,L rL 32- \ L!‘ ='.I -1 ~£ _) .. n.‘ l.‘L‘._a’ : _- J I . 31 these must be combined to get the capacity for each month. For this study it was assumed that the receiving capacity for nonéharvest months would be that of dry'corn since this would be the grain3received mostol During harvest menths capacities for the reSpective grains were used: iThe harvest month'receiving data were weighted to take into secount all grains receiVed and their moisture content. Table 118 shows the capacities used and the total receiVing and storing~i capacities for-each period. Nets that the recsiting capac— ity is-in'bushels‘per hour which means that the dlrk'red kidney and the isvy bean activities had‘te-be=csrrested for this. This was done‘by manipulating the entry in.the matrix. (100 lbs. of beans:equsls l;67 bushels.f Drier Capacity h Corn‘and wheat are the only two grains dried.r Therefors,'theudrier capacity is related to its capacity for each of these grains, Corn (1}000 bn./hr.), Wheat (15200 bu./hr.).. It Was assumed that the drier is Operated 20 hours per day for 20 days‘per~month;~-This'means- that the capacity for corn is 400,000 bushels per month and for wheat is 480.000‘bflShé13'per month. -Wet grains are, receiVed Only daringlharvest months. HarVest months'for corn are October-December and for wheat July-August. The drier_capacity for the remaining months and grains is zero. Grains to Purchase - Grains which are brought into the elevator are either stored Or bought. Therefore the Volume éf grain stored was subtracted from the total grain received (see Appendix C) to obtain the amount of grains available to .ujmum Hols so; vfirnpgna flflj :83 OJ P nJifiou 9d jeum eagflj ~ " VI . 7‘" =usa cIHJ 101 u ' -£ » - ~r- -‘ I r “\r r\ v -('p ”I. — r‘ .' - A. ‘ I, ‘ ~\-( - '- ~ -- rr ‘ Ir .-. ‘ ~- I — - A - ago J centre ffp3¢ 3K”) :0 J)..I vL{}quLw,zi{Jquf jasxfiUAz~Mgu1 101 . =.,- -- .- -‘ - r‘ ,7 I "l‘ - V, I In rm. ' .. --- . .1 ~- ?‘-T’ gm; T‘c.:_)'\.-’11_axl {mi {Tl-Jug , fink); 1~=.‘.]f_g;-f‘;5‘.1 {sz‘JP grf—j 9d biuow ...-..- . JBGVILA GL1 .Lmau wwwn amines avrj”u:a I ouj 103 RBLjLDBUED ‘ I " '2 v" I ' ' r \ «‘\ " ‘ . 1" "r r’“ ‘ ' ' ' =' ‘ .‘ ‘ ' ' ’ ’ ‘ a: I .' 0 v ' ‘~ in; -deolqfi tjni -HJ:3 Qj bdj-m-th :Jmfl LJAH/ ~n:vra391,xthunn o~=-’ '.'. WT - I H.- r; \- r- -‘ r‘ ’ Q ' 7 Ir“ N; L”... n‘ "' r~,‘- .F" -" 0' day); :7 “3.1 1- 9.1 an” .31--_..J.1)J ijchim =. Infiddj in!» I_l.'"'.=,.L‘:§U‘._;”I 811151!) - .- .-. . -' x- r I v‘.-'.,‘—- r‘ -.'-- ’ *7 pr~ I . .- x .'- lelfiufd Eddy amixla-m:1 Isfiumtru-J LhL lymmJ asijrtmmpxs euJ . mm. =. ~: .—" - - - m , -14‘ ‘LJ 14L;.ulse;:1 ten-f kalj sJngg .Erulfiiati Jens» jcxt RfLLJJgJBLuso =15» snj jfiflj annam vaflfi sued 13g eiefiaud mi 21 131 ucf? be;tuox:ndo gni 03 {find ENEtfii\V;jus fflfbd \CJHI Fufj Emma Y?Hlbifl ) f“ .xijjsfi 9L3 n' grime EnLJ:HLLEn_mginhm v3 snob 7FW aiflT .aidj (.aledgud $8.1 aifiuye annei 10 .adl 701) anjst owj yfao efij 915 jsadw has H103 — ijiis;~W jSFjJ eji oj DSjEIGI at EjiSBQEO leijb 953 ‘exoiexnr ‘(.1H\.Ud 000‘1) n10? ‘aninrp 939d: 10 d“ss 303 yjianso 2i fia-i‘I-I'.) exij' jedJ firmwares anw jI . (.I:{\.LJ:{ OOS‘I) jagri'n' .r - A , . ..- "-r‘ .. c . .... r~ "..q. .- .1:-}-1L.:1-1 fls.‘ ail-i2 L; 101 2&1. iii-lei c.f:,-(_.‘. C; I-):_=Jb‘1£+(10 r-v- {n15 IL?K;WI inw' algmisgni OC().GG£\ ai (KICK) jtfl ypf envy a {mi} :jsflj 5X 915 anrsxp in? .djnom reg a£wdeui tUC‘CE§ ei jeofiw 101 101 RfijflOT javvrnfl .adjnom jauvwnfi ra;1yb yino boviGOux _ «ravl - V‘."'y‘ ‘A 1" f ' "1'" 3' " . >1 :— —’=r F’- ‘K ‘ 9H1 ojungLu_Kth jbfiuw In? Lag owmupnh jfluujqfl uts HELD .....A .019: ai anintp has ?“+nom pfliflifihOI aij 101 yjiesqso IQin .—--~.~ ..--r ' . ' -- -- ‘ ,. - , “-3-. '. n ewwi oirir Jign=CE-z<~rh rxzrpja finnfmkj - r=.=-';Ip0'r\i ortrrfi; $18 jojsvale 2 ... r- :A :3 C“ U L" H (\ l—J \‘I L...’ + J . ..L . U 4 C LA I" J 5‘ . -v \ ’ M (2‘ LL (U L) L _v Lo- F‘ \I‘ “Ja nisrp do L1" :) A g H I" C, (1" H '3 L— {'1 I ‘ ’U f—! ‘7‘: i I “I $- (”‘3 *4- ’fl I.) I} P"? '. I ~". "if; L; r ‘- 77 q L; ‘Q \_‘ (0 n1 ‘H \ .4 '4. 5“ g.“ 7 run \_ . ’. -r’“ (‘1 r‘£"“[;I' rv‘ ’w}'~‘r~- ‘ ‘\ -*~Y‘,.’~rr'r* I .j‘ '{fftrf‘ .)'1’ ('1 W‘f- v we, (c. J- ..'5 Arts-1,. ‘4 :1 ”1L4 L' n) uni/c‘u' .2“; fi‘u-" J ‘4‘ .--......z 2 Mth e.‘ C'v.‘ 32 purchase. To arrive at this figure, the.psrcent ofzths grain receipts which.were.put into storage had to be known (39 percent).4, Storage was allowed only during the harvest months-for each‘grain. The amount of ear corn available to purchase was assumed to be 8 percent of the total=carn * receipts.' No ear corn is received during corn harvest. Purchases also some from grains.seld Out of storage by , farmers. This was done-by buying stered'grains out of stor-- age in the following proportions: '.4, .2, .1, .1, .1, .1; That is 40 percent of the-grain stored for farmers in month x is purchased during month.x.+ 1. Similarly, 20 percent of the grain stored in month X is purchased_during_month X f 2. (Remember_grains are only_stored during harvest months.) fTable lZB showstthe amounts of grain available to purchase during each period. Grains Available for Storage_- These data were cal- culated from the receipt data. As mentioned above, 39 per- cent of thg.receipts were used to arrive at a storage figure. This information is presented in Table‘l3B. Tgtal Storage gapgcity - The total storage=capacity of the sample elevator is 315,000 bushels. All grains must be converted to bushels. L Sales outlet. fogyFeeds - These data were put on a yearly basis in order to reduce the size of the model. It was felt that no information was lost by doing this, since feed-sales are pretty much constant. Coefficients in the '4From queStionnaire, see Appendix A. -.;uL 9n OJ :xw 9p£1033 Gill 3H1 013w norrw aquGDSI RISIQ fit;3\“tb;1 im;j firLiTiflQ '{1rug ij,u§01:1k> 3195 :DEJJICLJE: . (jrlecrlsgg st.) 03 sidbiisvn H100 :59 f0 jancms Sn; .a151_ 3559 101 animon .... "r ‘ "-~» ~~' r- ... .~ -- ¢~ * ’ -~ ‘ ~' ‘ I“ 'v o »‘\ ‘ . ' Liv) iwaJ whj 3U Jthiuf b 01 03 Lamuaab 85w seshzjuq .Jawv1sm urea rnlxuu LnVIQUfiI aL urns 1F9 OX .EJULBOOI ‘7‘ F I I T * »‘ ' A A — V“ - 7' ‘ A ' 'fi.‘ ' ""‘ 5 "fi- 1 . "' ‘fi “"I' '- - ' r‘ - 'f i 21 ogbrsj; 10 in blue anLhrp Mul1 sues udifi sessfivlbq -1033 10 j1£>2a11unp [exuuia pnjyznf‘gi snob PFnJELLUT .axemlfii A ‘ ,. ' -. - .. l .- .1 v. .. " '. . _ .1. .1. .1. .1. .3. .9. :eHOLJJOgOJQ pnlwe11u7 am} Hi bps f' --4’~: ’ ' H 0 “1"" ‘ " “q -a- —--. v‘lfl“"“ "'0 : ‘7‘. ~ 0" - fljnmfl n1 ciumifil 1L1 LQIOJr niblp adj lo jfluqluq Ch s1 jsz I F !: (I) t... X - . ,. 11" ,: .. -' L; ... . - .. jnwujoq U; .‘Llsljwid .1 + A anUm pnjfiub LeeEAOIbq r’x. fljnom pnirub ieabdsuuq a1 X Emmet n1 Letmja miFIp 933 10 jaeVIsj unilub balcja vino 31s aminup Indmumdfi) .S + X L Di 91jslisvs flifilp 30 ajnuoms adj ewofia €81 51in? (.adfinom - —- —- " ..~ '. — r .- 3-- '.. '- *1b3 :ufimfl 5J5.:sw¢M1T - GM Exoj~ifu=1 91xquthfi.?UT!bID ~1oq GE evods honoijmom 8A .5355 jqieoel 4d: mOIi bsjs1uo J .grnyri bphxmja 5 is evtjws OJ beau 919w 23310301 adj 30 jnso m . .uE1 eldsT ni bejnaaaxq at ucijsmxoini eidT 30 jiohcso ebbio+a 15303 QdT - VitSFTiS ss37F38 [nioT . - _5_ . .. ed jenm aniurp 11A .aledaud OCO.E1£ ai jszvcls elqmba adj .alxm121ui OJ iflijfiflh103 5 no jug 913w hjsb eaedT - shard 133 jcjjno 2&153 .— -....“ —- 7’. _w_._ ———_ --———-. .-.-u ~——- .jI ..Lefimms snij' 3C) erLia 5%fl3'=3C4Jb“f1 ()3 tryi'Io 111 2133561 115155“; semis .eifj puke; yd jami arw noxixmrc:nL on jbdj jig} esw r1 :- ,: 2‘JL. ... ...._n....,-.-- -t- -. 4-‘—--- ...- ..,-r s L.,.“ figs n1 83n91311LQO; .thqfiJUU baht Yujuifi 315 an 5d peel ...-____,4_.—.--"._.. J ’. r 33 matrix were weighted according to the persentages of feed sold.per month to aggregate data from monthly to yearly. These percentages can be found in Appendix C; -The R. H.-S.'s for3the feed sales wereacalculated by using the following facts.5. Total complete feeds sold were 3;000 tons and total Supplements sold were 1,000 tons; percentages of total come plate feed for each type of feed are dairy (35 percent), beef (5 percent), hog (20 percent), and poultry (40 percent), percentages of total supplement sold for each type of feed Are dairyi(35 percent), beef‘us per-sent) ,‘--hog (20 percent) and poultry (30 percent). R.H.S.‘s for each feed then are as follows: dairy supplement (350 tons), dairy complete (1,050 tons), beef supplement (150 tons), beef complete (150*ton3), hOg’supplement‘(200'tons), hog complete (600 tons), poultry supplement (300 tons), poultry complete (I,200”tons), and miscellaneous (2 tons). "All data used were obtained from an interview with the manager of the sample=firm. Sales Outlet”fon Sidelines — Sidelines were handled the same as feeds. As with feeds, yearly instead offmonthly' figures were used; lwhen the data were aggregated from’ monthly to yearly, the mOnthly coefficients Were Weighted ‘with the percent of Sales for each month to obtain a yearly coefficient.‘ Thesefigures are shown in Appendix C. 'Data for building supplies, chemicals, coal, and all other farm 5These facts were obtained from the questionnaire, see Appendix A. be»? 30 aoxefiuonruq 5nd Oj ynibxooos tzjdpljw 919w xiljsm .vLuagy oj xidjmon mom: sjsb ejnporwps 03 dinom Iaq E108 ~ " ‘ - ‘ " I ~ " ~ . - I r ' i v. f' - -O - .I 7' ’ . ' 7‘ r~ - ._ ) pm; oilel obj pure» vi Loeslnoiso inw c91b8 heel [—1 ‘7: L... ’J ‘4- ?*-1 0‘ 0) O L.- f ) rD ’- (- ) U: p...’ C a U f... n v (‘J (U T"? Iffl (p F} ( '3 Lt— a 14 '_{ 1 5J O ... 0" Li. 0 H I (11 L4. 0 U) W ~moo [Hind 3o BQEfijHDUIflj :axoj 000.1 snow hica ajnemoquua ("3, \J Vijrb are tool lo oqgj dune 101 5993 eje1q 4. .-' u, f ‘v .' ‘~ v \ ’ ' - ‘ =. J .‘l L ...: \-l i ‘j'fi-I \. .(Jnuolmq C?) yljlnog has .(Jnflouoq US) bod .(jneexoq 8) 199d 1 r _ I - ,. .,,,_ f,-_.. . .."- , . -_ ',. , 3531 lo :9.) none :01 bios jnemwquu. 1 p. h L.- C) L4. H' O 0) apEJHQOIQq (emeeunw we) pun .(jhnggq al) 3591 .(jflvolav Cc) yntsb 915 5:1 {ions-a do? a' “3.1.1.51 . (firmer-3’1 CE) {Uh-for} has “I L2 t ") D—R '1 H- “-1 ojoigyuxa Yliii) .(ngj (NFE) 3ftafl¢1g11fi1‘f11bik :aonJkii as lead .(anmj 021) Jnemo1qqne lead .(sflmj 086.1) 003) ejelqmoo pod .(anbj COS) jnonelqwua [Gd .(fnoj C81) ejelqmoo yjjluoq .(anoj ODE) anMququa yljluoq .(annj m beau £355 115 .1833? S) U’ens11soaim LHS .(ancj “03.1) 921 lo jennngn ed: djiw waivuejni an moi} bemisjdo 919w .nrrfl 91qnsa L t—n K *1 L. =1 J L.) x),- pd LL L 1 w.- Q) U “-1 0) adj boibmgd 919w aon11eb18 — §?§"-' .-..L ' - » -.-. .' 'r. .—r P's»- .' hLOdEHL y11£ey .aboel hjiv an .abqu 85 omsa .< r. u 'w r a C. Ti: "\ . u @911 b J509prs 919w 5369 on) noiw .Enzu 913w EQTSE11 .ocxa ‘{1{fjrmun1 Emir .\.1115 xi ()1 '{Ixszicun ("Tl =1. 1.. Ky <' K. Kn 1; \’ L4. :2 fr H U I... ...: _u _1 r - " C __ .‘ . f ‘ . :1 __ fr“ \’ 11f Trifll~.r L) f j I“)? 1431.11-11 .3 ‘IHN’ c’ _I J "n“ .1 a; l 'f' 1.12) ()4??- J 34 supplies were obtained from the records of the sample.firm. Because of an accounting change only one year of data:was irailable (see Appendix C). The R.H.S.‘s~for ooal.wsre ob— tained by averaging dollar,sales data for the past.three yearsJand then converting this figure to tons (using $19/ton). The R.H.S.‘s for sidelines are as follows: building supplies ($17,282), coal (1,739.tons), chemicals ($40,390),-and all other farm supplies:($77.7l7)--- Sales Outlet for Fertilizers — Monthly sales outlets“- for fertilizers were.calculated by using the amounts of each N) fertilizer sold per:year;(this information was obtained.from the questionnaire) and percentages of fertilizer sold per~ months. crhese percentAge; were obtained. from dollar sales of fertilizer for the past three years.). It.wa$ assumed that these percentages were constant for all fertilizers. The calculation of these percentages is shown.in the Appendix C. Table 143 shows the breakdown of the fertilizer sales by months. The mixed fertilizers in Table 14BAnere diflided into. .mixed bag and mixed bulk. The coefficients for these were obtained by weighting the unaggregated coefficientatwith the percent of each mixed fertilizer of the total mixed fertil- izer sold. See Appendix C for these percentages. Sales outlet for Grinding - Grinding sales outlets were obtained by averaging the monthly dollar sales from grinding w- . , . . V; . , ... tire-” ‘ .. . , - l u _. .5,“ F. “LC. —.‘~..J 7 a (-42-‘ {(3 . (J1 “j 123‘) .1 I Lihuli- ”raj-1.10 5113“ dSLICq’Ua t'. ' r '- ~fi ~\ -> ,. .- v - - . -— - - ' - I - - - ’ up}- w 5‘) 1», .,) it) l.1..--_"‘~«’ ‘MIU [_LLIt.) {EDIU'JAD I (1 -L fiat-133;) F) {15 'IC) 92L‘"£30t{ ;,-. r: r' «v n4 ‘ 1: r7 ’ 1H " ~4'~‘.~. — -» - ' ~- ‘-t~J SIL‘V‘; _LJ~“(.\) I‘m: 2 a C. a ;‘-‘ a {'1 1,1, ‘ o ( .11 -.‘x - .lJiafI)‘-f. £1.er :‘JC:) Sldb-[LB‘ID 3 ruigeieve vi basis: ,V.“""r‘~'..,\ ,_,. ; -r.._'..“ ,.°’ ,1..- _ _ .(mugxsla tfichf ufiwj Ce uiupLI cinj UfllTIKMfiUD nedj fine ajssv ...'|-~».,- --.';'-::_-; ..—r,.: .‘4- - . ,.4-r.r-_, l"- ,u r ~ ~ _r ‘,.'»£.;_-»-‘Ld L.l.:.-_L_LA...; tag’uii‘e‘i ob Oil.) craniluuld 1&1 d .Ca.1“1.h SHIT .(TLT\YT€) asiiqcua mus} jsdjo ‘1 4, ,) . " I' - . ”...'4" _ ‘1'? ~ f ~'--.'- "-‘ r "- eJalJuo amine VJLJHLA aiszLLJI-wt $\1.y:43;U aeiua more is afiarmx; eflj paleu yd bejeluslzo 9171 alssiiijlsi 101 max} Lunisidn anw noijnmxoini aidi) Ibex 10g pica iesiitjzoi 153 {rue lexiiijlol 30 aepnjm~u15q Lap \aTiBfifiCiJaQHp 9&3 30 seine Islimb H?Ii banisjqo 919w sofrjnaaioq seedl .jjnom jiflij inynuesua CLNJ.3I (.3 1&31 ry31;Lt jarug 91kt Icil I:n;ili11191 QdT .alesilijlei £15 101 junjauov 919w asuejneajmq 93:5) .3 xiinaqqi 9H1 mi nwoda at aeuejnsoieq Berni lo acijniuolno -¢ k llfi’i'ii} 9rd 10 H'.-.:c.‘f:;~ff.~9’1 ' - —- w. , — - . .. ~—\. prim luv: w‘ .:J:JL»l H) v.1uue ’ r . see i . .1 - I r -- , - -_.+~ 1 :.:J c} .I :9 .t 1.1,; a sir-m. (TL 1):. 133 jasjamom R9ML8121 eye 1% gen: (r1..‘n svtfifi inf: ems isrfnowow ee;c .110.[ :HJ I“i virrr egem afiw 3i \ste 2L ~03; Tiflfifl KVJHWO noijSquIOD n+5! ii? Injifi .eiaviens eznf mi be .1: EJ ”.11.:3 116.1; EC") EJL'H‘ Y‘i L‘-‘13"’_{.LI_:Z.OD "-7115 dsirhq .331U331 emj jsxqzejn '3 (. jrgxqiu pmiipvoj.£C)j {an .‘sC‘LI Lure -. (‘15:) _ ,, f , r__ ' i 25. ”We. QUIZ) .bonisj 1:13 ijflQflUD yd noijsiisjel phia;5301- 1913A .a r‘ f J leijx sfiT .1e3uqmoo n u 35w snijuoi pnimmsvp e ,- ... (Jar: eoouq Isnoijgjugmoo t has jaseezq o: ai fies: painleme: 03 edj 8i 0.! "Y a 'j 30 Chapter 4 THE RESULTS The manager of a feed and grain Operation is faced with ( many economic problems. Such questions as the following may ' arise in a typical feed and grain business. Are there any . excess resources? Which resources limit expansion? Is the 9; feed enterprise paying for itself? What would happen if the business potential were increased? Is there ample storage space? Should we specialize in grain handling? These ques— tiéés become quite difficult to answer when dealing with a large number of business activities and resource constraints as is the case in this study. The linear programming solution can aid the manager in answering the above questions. The manager of a feed and grain firm can gain insight as to the level of business at which he should be operating in order to maximize profit. The linear programming solution also gives the manager the level of resources remaining after attaining a maximum profit situation as well as the marginal value products of those resources which were depleted. The maximum net revenue possible from the production and marketing activities is also available. The results obtained in this study will be presented and 37 a djiw been? 2i neijnrsgc nist has has; 5 pniwulici ed: as enoijaoup fisua .ameidojq ormonoos ynsm vns biafij 335 .aawntaud flier? has heel Iswigvj 5 mi sails _.i- ~ r- — -‘ -- f‘. ' r~ —~ v —- L rv . .— r '- -.— W I~ .‘s .rr‘ I .~ 7‘ ‘ h - v“ r F. - raw? QuJ e1 Sueiemnqre jlmrl dflJlUUdSI qugd Seeeruoaux assets ¢ ii nnqcsd blzow jfiflfl fileaji IO? pniysq eaizq193n9 fee? 4 .L epslojs slums Ififlj 31 €bsasomani 9193 isijmgjoq aaeniaud ... O ~aenp sari? ffinilbxsd clamp mi sgilsiwbja 3w LIUOLC €935qa s djiw pnilseb nodw rewaas oj jiuoiliib sjixp emoosd anoij aimiEIjanoo GDIUOBOI bus asijivijos aaenieud 30 xednnn spiel .ybuja aifij mi 9250 edj ei as a: Inpsmcm 9d: his n53 noijuioa pnimm51p01q Ibenii sdT fins bye} 5 30 IDPBQDH eflT .anoijasup evade 9&3 pnixowans is asunband 30 loyal adj oi as jdpiani nisp use mIii nisip .jiiozq ssimixsn 03 19510 mi pnijsleqo ed bleeds ed dsidw sflj lopsnsm 5d: ecvip oals noijcloa pnimnnjpoxq Isenii efiT jiloiq mumixsm s pninisjjs lojis puinicuel annmuoael 30 level 98033 30 ajosbozq QUILV Isnipjnm efij as flew as noijsujia eumevnm den mumi‘s: sdT .fiefeVQwfi crew dviiw anviuoael Owls 3i asijivijos pnijaflrem Lee noijQULQXq 9&3 MOI} eldiaaoq has bemusesfiq 9d l[iw yhura aifij a: Louinjdo EJKUHUT SAT «’1 (Y3 38 discussed:in;the:following:sections of this chapter. For each activity set, the initial solution (RHSI),will first be presented followed by the solution.for 10 percent (R3811) and 20 percentf(RHSIII! increases in sales patential.' 1 Activity Level .- In order to maximize profit subject to the various con- straints of the business, the following activity levels 1T~ should be attained. Tables 1D, 2D, and 3D show these re- sults. .11 1 r HiringiLabor - The program only hired a fraction of the i labor which was available. This seems reasonable as the high 1. i labor-using feed operation did not enter the solution. Labor will be discussed in greater detail later. _L Buying Grains - All of the grains which were available for purchase by the elevator were bought with the exception of the following: December oats for RHSI, 3110 bushels; November shelled corn for RHSII,15,461 bushels; November I + oats for RHSII, 1639 bushels; December oats for RHSII, 2437 bushels,INovember shelled corn for RHSIII, 13,583 bushels; duly oats for RHSIII, 3991 bushels; November oats for RHSIII, 1787 bushels: ‘These grains were not purchased because total 4 storage capacity was exhausted during the months these pur- chases could have been made. r‘ 'i ‘ Storing Grains - The program accepted all grains from the farmers to be stored by the elevator except the following: November corn for RHSI, 36,060 bushels; December corn for RHSI, 10, 355 bushels; October corn for RHSII, 22,006 bushels; ‘IIIEHH 101 103 “(1023‘ E4111 916511 .notjulca (I 3: - . -'g’- ' 1.)_.‘_J .1333130 QLHI wga 1:fo "1(_)i 4.1!. '(18 7. 71 f. 4.. , . 1 111.21.; 11 £013. 3731 I'LL-'1 3’ {I 1 C31I£V set? 03 :flamdemz 11107 {2. -'wg1 gjivijrna‘pniwcilyfi ,fij \ nf‘ . 1 LJ‘. fins ‘12.; 00133511 5 bgvid y1n0 msxhojq 1 as 53121;;6301-21501 arr-)0 a ahf'l ‘3 9:11 7131hja) jCMT £311) 1w 1&ijini :- ..L 1 .1) crIL ‘31.. r l noije 01 101 end n1 bgoauoa 15 3:13 .333 vjivijos dose Em 201101 Emrjnsaeiq 9d - 'f‘}[ I a- 051 .10351 115305 1335070 H avg 919w dordw anisjo ed} 30 11A ‘I-“.erf) 1.?" (3'1 . r fi~q 03 has xnn C3 19510 n1 Dd adj 30 ajnislja .fiunibjjs 9d bluofia .ajiwa 1% ---¢-‘ — .....- ...—v-.. "If‘.; 1“ T an. - I - .. T‘TTI'I .rrxua Rind (EDLdVJ 1Lx151 pniau—jodgl mi h237U09r0 9d 111w . ,1 — Z‘Jf’fii’fi‘fr} L111 L . ; V11”Uq . .-_.. _. 22*... '4..-— noijcaoxo 9d: djiw 30 mod 919w IOjsvele adj yd easdoxuq 101 :81 ‘(I ~ ' .1 MW)“; TEES \ {81:1 sfiaud 0116 ...... I T\”Ju :a1ag1auc ‘IIRHE IIBHQ Cdmaonfl 1819 : if £92131 ‘IIIBHQ 2350 Iadmgvom :aiedaud 1008 101 nIOO Maud 9861 301 njoo fie1leda 10dm0v0w \ Qdflgsefl :4 011 :pniwoilci j 30 09119128 '1‘: )1’11'7’)"C11’1 ‘IIERH 101 8350 :aiedaud IIIERH 101 8380 y1uL 15303 easemed £03.101nq jon 919w 501519 caedT .219daud 1811 -IU@ cagfij edjnom adj pfi11Ub brjausgg. saw vjiosqso 9951033 ..321 died cvsfi 51000 aoasfio rmrfii satiny} 11; in;ry«'nr 3‘“? Ojawza T - 5011513 gwgbt0i§ prxiwoLLcl 9H3 3‘; 3X3 Iojbvgio rdj v0 b01339 ad OJ summit} adj 10? (£130 Iauhwao’ ; :1 Wffifiil L‘WJ1IE .17141 101 fiflDO ICNUFSV(/I :21"2ud 800132 \IIFHH 701 n13: 1"{\300 :31)ua1d EZE .01 \IBHH 39 November corn for RHSII, 44,020 bushels; December corn for RHSII, 11,391 bushels: October corn for RHSIII,.14,006 ' bushels; November corn for RHSIII, 48,022 bushels; December corn for RHSIII, 10,154 bushels.. Again,-as with the buying activities, storage space was the limiting resource. Selling Grains'e All of the grains which were available to be sold were sold by the program. The solution indicated that the manager should study grain price trends in order-. If} to unload his grain during the periods of highest-price; :1 This,‘of course, was expected as the program sells all the grains it can whentthe prise is the highest. 'Selling Fertilizers -:Bertilizer sales came in at their full level. The fertilizer Operation appears to be quite profitable. This will be discussed later. e; Selling Feeds - The program sold all of the supplements and miscellaneous feeds-it.cou1d. However, none of the com- plete'feeds were sold; This indicates.that the manager should analyze this particular part of the business.; He: might find‘that this Operation is too labor consuming for the revenue received from it. With the price of labor increasing, it might be wise to do some labor efficiency studies. Or it might be best to drop this part of the business completely. Possibly the margins on complete feeds should be reviewed. Whatever the case, the high labor—using Operations such as l’ the feed mill should be given special attention. J Selling Sidelines - All sidelines were sold at the maximum level. ‘7’.-. 3:1 HUGS 39UJvaJ :alulnud OCO‘L£ ‘Ilijm 19% muss uedmevom ...;S‘bl ‘IIILJEJE Io} 11:15.0 magi-:ngo :2.L_.~;;’;zud lE‘EJI .IIE‘LZ. To Hgoou (alnivyd $20.65 ‘11} V1 moi H100 Iedmcvok :alsdaud pxiyid 2J3 figiw an \nirgA .aloflaud LCL\GI ‘IIIBMR 103 njoo --.-.,.- ..'-'.,.'. .' , . , ...fi 1 , ' ' ' .uQJLUch puljluli th any gobqa prIUJB ‘aBLJIVLJOB ,i..r‘...~,.— ..-.\'-. .'.-. T- ‘ .- ‘.- -. ' " 9L1n11£¢m Olav LLLAJ 831519 uuj 10 11A — enziifl yelling A " Lojgoxizl ubijuioa 0LT .maxyfiuq adj vj $133 910w bloa 9d 03 Inblo m1 aflnvlj sorjq ninxa {L533 Liuofla qusism odj jsdj .JQLIq jaaflyifl 30 aboiiuq odj @flilbb nlnzp aid Lnoinu Ci .4. - - fl - r‘ - («'--~ .1 A ,‘ _~. . ' r r‘ -\.< ' ~'q‘I‘~~ ‘ \ r-l- - '\ 3 r . ~J ULij lip (211139. f:u.1L)LJTL.J .113 8.5:. 5.1:-.‘ffq.:~ '.J BhW ‘9.vc..II.JCvJ 10 \dlllT v ..., .3aonpad adj 8L oorxg on: nofiw HLO 31 anlsjp mi mass 25122 1531113191 — a? silijfiné pntlloa _»—._ Iieij i. U] _-_ _ -... ._ —.-—__-.- -__— @3109 9d 03 215 qu noifnquo 38”iiljlfi3 DAT .levei liui .Iojsl Leaauoaib 9d lliw aidT .eidsjiiouq ajnumeiqqua edj 10 115 bloa m51p01q odT - 3*941 paillaa ~moo on: 10 snon \Iovowofi .bluoo ji abeei auoensiieoaim has Tfipfiflpfl adj jsfij aojsoibni aidT .bloa 212w abaei ejolq .aaunieud oflj 30 jjsq Ifiiuoijisq aidj exyisas hiuofia , \ .... >44 adj 1w} puimuaxoo nodal 001 ai noijsquo aid: jsdj bnii jdpim \pniesnzoni loinl 30 outh adj djiw .31 mo}? bevioooj euneve: ii 30 .aoibuja Konsioilio Iodsl smug ob 03 981w 9d jdpim ji adj 10 jlsq aidj qoxb OJ jaed 9d jdpim (\ r—‘a ,- L. (‘3 .viejslquoo aacni .Enfidei\ha1 Ski bllunia afyyai axialnytmo run alepIfiffl 9dj"f[diéifl?q an dope anoijsxsqo ymjau-wcdul upid ofij \easu adj jovejsdw .arljnoijs iSiTWVd novip 9d hlbofia liim -331 adj adj is £108 irrwzzamfiisiia lié - Q‘flflfi:}3 fidiifm? 40 Reduced‘Profits What WOuld'happen if the activities which4were rejected by the program were forCed into the solution?‘ The most‘ obvious answer is that profit would be reduced; This-is what does happen; Table 4B shows how much profit would be reduced if theSe activities were allowed to come into.the; Optimal solution; Of major concern should be the complete feed business. Profits-would be reduced substantially if this sperstion were forced into the Optimal solution.‘ The question then comes‘up'as to whether this operation should be-dr0ppedifirom the business.' We can say that the'dperation as-it is should net be expanded,.butrweidonttzhnOW'for sure it it should bs' eliminated. ‘Information:such as farmer‘s opinions and some petitor reaction to.such a move need to be known. VAlsO, salvage prices need to be known before a decision can be made to drOp the complete feed operationl» The progrsmdthen has found a weak spot in the business, but~it'islstillrupz to the manager to make the final decision. Emcess Resources Of major importance for decision purposes are the amounts of resources which were not used to attain the maxi- mum.net revenue positiOn. These data (Table 5D) reveal areas of excess supplies, market potentials, or remaining amounts of other restrictions which were established in the initial formulation of the problem. These are the items Lfijamtsi 930w finififi awjffvijhs 9J3 ii nuqqsn bluow jsdw lulu: 951‘ ‘hmoijluloa snij cnhlt rwurjol :VIEW'Vuyipoux] adj ‘91 81 aid? .buobbgi ad filmow jiioxg jrfij si Iowans auoivdo 9d bluow jiloum dorm wed awnda Lb eldfiT :naqqsd asob jsfiw 9J3 Ojfll smog OJ fiewolls 919w agijivijss 920%: ii heoubol .neijuloa lsmijqo .aaoniaud boo} ejeLQfloo eij ed blucda nioonoo jotsm 30 noijsjoqo eidj ii vilsijnsjadua Leonie: ed bluow ajiiouq ,J 11" . nod: naijaeuw onl .noijuloe ififlquu onj cjni £90101 515w b- L- m011 boquIb ed bluofla noijsieqo aid: jefifledw 03 as qu eomoo 1 bluoda 31 ii an noijzueqo efij jsfij via FEW o? .aasniaud edj 9d bluofla 31 ii SIDE 303 wonfl j'ncb 9w jud .EsbnsQ‘a 9d 300 —moo ban anoiniqo a'IemIsi as done noijsmloinl .tojsnimile .oalA .nwonfl 9d 03 been evom 5 done 03 noijosOI Iojijeq ed n69 noiaioeb 5 euoied nwonfi 9d 03 been aeoixq spsvlsa Hajj mszpoxq ofiT .noijsuoqo bosi ejslqmoo ed: qoub 03 obsm gm 11113 21 fit 3nd ‘aaeniaud ed: n1 joqa fissw 5 bnuoi asd .noiaioob lsnii adj efism Oj iepsnsm adj oj Eff..?.?.£.‘l~'if?i.ii9 <35}. 9d: 915 anaoqxuq noiaioe 101 osmsjioqmt Iotsm 30 —ixsm odj atsjjs Oj beau ion 915w duijw aooiuoaei 30 ejauoms IBUVUI (CE oldET) sjsb seedT .n013150g eunevoi jen mum pninismvj 10 ‘alsijnejoq jefilnm ‘asiiQdUa aaosxe 30 85916 ed: mi bonaildsjao Slaw doifiw anoijsiijaoi Iedjo 30 ajnuomfi email 9M1 915 gaunT .neldonq adj 30 nnileUWIQE Isijinl 41 which do not limit expansion of the firm. Of particular concern should be the amount of excess labor. A big portion of this comes from the elimination of the feed producing enterprise. Also, it must be recalled that accurate labor data were difficult to obtain. It could be that some of this excess labor comes from the inability to obtain more precise labor figures for each activity. Some of the excess labor undoubtedly comes from the problem of uneven work loads. In the real world this has to be dealt with. The program did not consider this problem and used only that amount of labor which was necessary to bring in the level of activities in the profit maximizing solution. The problem of uneven work loads is hard to remove without losing geod will. Nevertheless, the manager should further analyze the labor situation, particularly with respect to the feed producing operation. I Excess amounts of grains available to purchase and store are due to the storage capacity limitation. Table 6D should be consulted to see if the returns to more storage capacity meet the costs of expanding this facility. This will be dis- cussed in greater detail later. Excess resources in drying and receiving capacities were not tabulated. These factors are hard to measure over time, since one day they may become limiting and the next day they may be idle. It is up to the manager as to whether these factors need to be reviewed. w .Lr;ifl ~2L+ i¢>£zui within) jifl ti 3m“; OL)Ii3lfhd :1urwnf :22: o {1_Lt_w?3 ffhjflfflflfi 135£u14L33xvq i() V noijnmfujie mil 13:3 anion aifij is noijiog pid A .10451 helix: 1 91 fawn jl ‘oelfl .QEiIgTfiJHU pniéubOIq bsoi adj Liana 3” .nlnjlm 03 Jibzlillj):rumu.sjsg juzsi Ojntuoss jsflj ... lOiLi senor: aiflj 33 unoa jbdj 5d J, - v , "v qg—L.~1‘ — r A ,rr~r--~ « \- \A, p».‘. . s_ E- A .-.-~ .-.‘ ’ . _ omoa .Lolxljjn dump 1C1 agin2r1 Ioail saloulg 310m nlzjdo 03 _fi 3 valiant; 9.3 HUT]: aswvwa YiDQJJLKUAUJ joci1.:aeeoxa {rut 30 ,I r5 'r I" - I" ‘ .’ " " “ ‘ ‘r -v r ,“ f ~'~- - ~' “ :L 6111...? EL 1.”. VJ .LfsJI 0.13 [‘11 .»_.~..:.ui AJQW HUV’QIIU _JIH ' l \ A r- ‘~ —' -'—-~ —" -' '~ 7‘ ' ~' '~ 2.- . r‘ u r“ H - . ’— ' * 7» I -... ' f v . LJfiU Lbs mglJQlJ dim: IubldLLD sen Dip mszpuig on; .njlw Quj mi guild oj viraanpsn asw noifiw 73451 10 jnbo s jsfij vino sfiT .noijbina pnisimixsn jiioiq adj hi awijivijah 30 level puisol duofijiw evoma: oj bi i ai absol iiou MCVonU 10 meidouq ssvlsnn iodjjui bluofia lepsnsm en: .aaolanjweveé .lliw beep Lani adj 03 joeqae: djiw vlisluaijisq ‘noijsujia indri adj .fiOijbier pniouboiq :lislinvs shieln lo ajmuoms eaooxl (1 H 0 (.4. N rm ""\ .4 ,“'\ 1:» Sb 37'} L r L‘ R 5" \ L.. L P) 1+ Eluc.g.rifi sizkfi? .CYJijfiji: ii vjiznaqso sanvwoja CMLY oj Luflb 516 yiiabq£o agbIOJB vibfl oj arjchl adj 1i 3J3 wj hojiuanou 9d ~aib SJ lliw EifiT .yjliijsi aid: pnibxfigxu 30 ejaoo 0&3 399m .uodfi iiLjpE IQJFBWP a} Lceauo r '_ slaw Beijionqso gnivigvgi Ens @fiijlu ml avOiHUkQI eauuxi ’ ‘ ’ "‘ ’ ‘ " ~‘ - ' " wn " v‘ ‘1 \ ‘ — ~ ~ r f " ‘ \amlj JJVQ eiuansm OJ bind 91c HIMJJLL s~u F .bejslsusj 301 vnij ysb jxon Qfij bus pnijimii snowed yum vwdj vsb eno 95Hi2 soda-J mi 3.6, firminzgmz cut! (3:? ..;u at jl .elfui 9d vim .boveivmi mi 01 Essa 8303953 42 Next to be considered will be the returns to adding resources which are limiting. Marginal Value Products Total storage capacity seems to be the moSt limiting physical facility of the sample firm. In order to make decisions directed toward the acquisition of more storage ' I space, it would be beneficial to know the returns to such 1 1 an undertaking. This infOrmation is given in Table 6D. If the returns to another unit of tOtal storage space (marginal L value product) are greater than the costs of adding this \ I _ 1 storage capacity, expansion should be carried out. Elevator 1. .' . 1 t. managers have a pretty good idea of what the costs of adding 4 ‘- on an additional resource wOuld be. Certain rules of thumb are also available in the business which might be useful in , ' . x . . ‘I estimating the costs of adding an additional resource. It must be remembered that the MVP' 3 given in Table 6D are the returns to the first units of expansion. Also of concern to management is which restriction or limiting factor should be expanded first.. This problem can be solved by locking at the magnitude of the MVP' s. The MVP' s for feed supplements are quite high, whereas the MVP' s for complete feeds are zero. The ideal situation ‘would be to sell supplements but not complete feeds. This might not be possible as the two operations might have to be combined.‘ The clientele and competition of the market will determine the feasibility of this suggestion. It would also pnibis 03 animjez 931 9d liiw boiaiiamco 9d 03 jxefi .pa?jfiqii one doidw EEDIU0891 2+ I“:7’ “1'17 {cm1‘1~5 Pfliiifiii 3:33 ; 3 31 03 Cr“ . ijsstso spsxoja lsjoT exam OJ 15530 HI .muil sienna sdi 30 villiosl lssiaqu rjhwoj szcrjib anoiaioeb v—v-s eyfiuoja grow 30 noiilaiugss adj [fair-'2 03 errant-'31 adj intuit! Oj lsi:>.t’.‘t:u1£:c{ so: bib-Cw 3i .9osqa EI .CJ glib? mi nevip 8i HOLJEHIUiFi aldl .Eflihfijlfibfiu n5 isnipunfl) 93518 cLfiuofia isjwj 3O jinn Iidjoms Cj anlujel eij aifij pathhn 10 site. ad: {553 wejseup SIB (inubouq euisv loisveli .juo hetiznn 9d bluofe naiamsqxo .vjicsqso epsjoja pnifibs 30 ejaoo adj jsdw 30 soil hoop vjjcig E ovsfi aiepsnsm dmudj lo aciuu ninjmeD .94 bluow oviuoiai isnojjibhs as no mi luieau 9d jdpim doidw aacniaud adj ni sldsiisvs 0815 915 :1 .QDTUOBSI lsmoijibbs n5 pnibbs lo 233 0 adj pntjsmijae 9H3 or” G3 eldsT mi ngwio a'QVM adj jsfij heisdfimnei 9d jeum L., .noiannqxe 30 ailmu 321i? olj 03 anuujei IO fiOijQiIJRHI dcifiw ai inomopsmsm OJ misunoo 30 021A r ass moldouq ath .iaiii bebnsqxc 9d bluofla 103351 pnijimii .a'qVI‘v‘l 9:13 10 ebujinpsm :tazij 3:3 prdflornl yd ban/£03 9d 8591mm .n'piri silmp 915 8.1t‘Eui'T‘f’iyl-{jiflja {3:931 103 a'CJ‘JM oriT noijsujia lsobi MVP .0193 arm shard ejaqutoo “:01 a'CIVM adj aidT .8599} ejuigmoo ion jui ajmamnquba 1132 01 9d bluow 9d 03 cvsd jdpim anoijsmwgo owj adj as siijaeoq 9d jon fidpim lliw jeflism adj 30 noijijeqnoo DRE clejnoilo QMT .benidmoo Gels biuow jI .noijaonua aidj 10 vjiiidiesai efij enimiejob 43 be interesting to run the program without any,feed.opexation and see how‘much_profit is affected.. The decision to omit the feed business or any part of it is up to the management. Nevertheless. the management needs ts last at production of complete feeds rather carefully. -Pessibly the margins.on complete feeds,should be reviewed.’ The MVB's.Of.fertiliser also seem te,indicate that this secretion can belexpanded.a;Pprhapszit.wculd be profitable to add more warehouse space,ga blender, and a liquid fertil- izer Operation; ‘The_feasihility of.these suggestions_depends again On the.competition and the costs involved.“ The same is true for the'grainrbusiness. If-management thinks grain business can be.pulled away from competitiengby adding more and better.grnin handling facilities. then they should do so,»provided,.o£ course, that the cost of adding such.facilitiea does not exceed the MVP': ofwthe additional grains received by carrying out such an action. Since the' MVPjs for grains;tq_purchase are reasenably high: it,V9uld pay to increase grain prices in order to draw business away from the.competitors. This is assuming that the extra_grain can be handled. ;It_might pay to experiment with increasing prices to see how the business is affected. Maximum Net Revenue The net revenue generated by the program by the base periOd (RHSI) is $198,000. This is the revenue received from the activities listed in the Optimum solution minus repair costs, power costs, labor costs, and ingredient and > V" L-' "* ' "fr V‘. -, ‘ ‘7 ' 4" ‘ [~31 1“" '-/>" '- 1r; ' “ y‘. . . .\-.. Iv .7 1122;.) .2 3:20.) p.333 vi.i.;» -J “Uh- L‘V‘V 5.5;.13531. 3 mg: J Fin 1 OJ tulija“ ifljfll 53d L -.-, ' .. '. ..z;. t: :A- A 1 ,. ' L ' A- I—‘ . l_o 03 MOJsLh._ out .bujselrn LL jliurq qufi wod 998 has .fingnursnnx afij 03 gm 2i ii 30 jlbq Vfib IQ eagmiaud 5993 ed: ' - r' ' - 7"!- f" - w r (f‘ "’ r ’» :2 w-‘— x r -.- ~w.-». ~ -— "1 r— ‘ '- 0 xnejjermmgig jn JAMJL o: cANJuH j.ri;eLunnnn adj" ‘acelruijuswnafl H) no anipxsu adj yiiivaofl .vilniaura Igfijsl abssi ejeiamoa .bpncivsu 94 bison: abeei ejelcmoo aidj Jmflj sisaififii OJ huge Gals masiiijlai 30 a'QVM edT elinjilnuq 5d blucw ji eqsgjoq .Lgnnsqxe 9d mes noijsleqo ~Ii3191 biuptl s has ‘uobnsid 5 ‘5ana eauodamnw 910m Lbs 03 v annoqub ancijag ; vpua saafij 30 viiiidianai udT .noijsigqo 198i .beviovni 23203 9&3 has noijijsqmoo add no nirps jaunopsmsm iI .aagniaud nirup adj 103 auzj ai emsa sdT yd noijiqumou mud} ysws Lailbq 9d HLQ aaenjaud HiEIQ ainidj vedjinodj ‘aeijiliosi pniibnsd misup lujjsd has 910m pnibbs nibbs 30 3303 adj 3513 ‘931009 10 .bebivouq ‘03 oh Lluoda lsnoijiLbs 9N3 30 a'QVM adj beeoxe jon aeob aoijilissl dame adj genie .notjos as done juo pnivuuso yd beviessu anisip bluow 3i ‘dpid yidsnoabgl 915 sandsuuq OJ aninlp 103 a'QVM Venn agent nd wslb 03 rubxo ni easiuq Hifilp easelsmi oj vsq niEIp bIJXU sfij JbJJ pnim'aas ai aid? .auojiqumoo adj moui pniasslami djiw jasmileqxe 03 ynq jdgim jI .beibnsd 9d n53 .39309315 8i asaniani 9H3 wod 998 03 aaailq {if} ’1: 3 '::ij__ iii ;.l,nf3i}J;TL .-t- we- send 9&3 yd mnupoxq 951 yd fiejnjoaap sunsveu jam edT LevigDEI annavsx adj 3i aifiT .Gdn‘btit ai (Iafifi) boilsq auxin noijuloa nuuLfiqo en: mi Lnjail Beijivijmh 9dj moui bus jnsiEmfinymt has ‘afiFKHD‘Vmfinl ‘ajaoa j wmx; fiajana Ilsqei 44 supply costs. Costs such as interest charges, labor exe. pence: for salaried personnel, taxes, insurance. deprecia- tion, and miscellaneous-expenses which include heat, light, and.genera1 repair costs on buildings:were not included: From~the yearly income statement for 1968 these costs add. up to~$100,000. Subtracting $100,000 from $198,000 leaves a-net profit figure of $98,000;. Likewise, the net;profits for a ten percent and twenty percent increase.in business. potential are $116,000,and $130,000. ~4These profit figures.are the profits generated by the program under perfect conditions, Grains were sold during months when the prices-Were at their peak; Even though this was*expected, it doestemphasizezthe importance of studying price-trends. Note that hedging was not considered in the proqram. In.reality price risk transference might be accomplished throughhedging. Also, in the real world grains and feeds are lost due to spoilage. The program makes 1 5 no allowances for unforeseen circumstances of this nature. are The program also does not consider major repair costs which + have a habit of popping up occasionally in businesses of all types. The absolute value of the net profit figure should therefore be viewed as being high. These profit figures are helpful though in making comparisons among different business potentials or modifications in sectors of the overall busi- ness. With respect to the profits for a ten percent and twenty percent increase in business potential, it appears profitable ‘ .-r' ...c ,f..., ,- - r‘ .-1... . ,s : 191m1 ab no»: cjiOJ .ajcco \iugua aoxfij .loxnnaqu beiuslse 103 aeaneq *acgw 80am: no ELCflflEilQOEIm has ‘HOLJ ,.. '. :1 - ,1, :- C’. i J. 1.01.1 r) ‘J ejxiLliui no ajaoo jieqox inuonop has ugfii jJr-qujejea o v orrt vikiee- erti nnrtfi rs: QCC‘OUi? pnijzsljéua .CCO‘COLQ Oj on Aid .C10.ES? 13 elrpii Jiiouq den 5 Jrzoo‘mfl \;.'.*.‘1-‘«'-,-.'J Sign} 3:19:1151‘1 nej 5 303: .QCQ‘LEL; ins 000.8113 935 lsijmojoq D<. {3 or; aarupri jfjozq oaodT auriufi .PMOijhnoo joaimoa Infinu VEIpqu alnij litujguij LIwa' timij :Js euew aeotuai 53.73 {Imiw ar‘ijnom -'~ .v—' Iv r‘I. '*.."’~ 1 ’ I‘ . “.P ‘ " V :JiOgnJ 2x1} oliarnupma aeL¢::LL .. lacunae 25w “(3 n1 bouobianoo ion sew pnjpbed 35d3 5301 .abnouj eoiuq '\im eonenelanslj is}: soixq viiinou nI .menpomq Lituw 1591 l— U .0215 .pniwbed douoxdj tsdeiiqnooos L" \ L4. 9. C) t-w D ,,J tn m a .3 H FT IGJ: 03 sub The anislp Lafiunmjo nwmaemoluu 103 aounewoiis on ‘m unbianoo jon aoob 0215 maupoug edT yniauj at vilenoianooo qu pmiqgm; 30 Jidnd 5 evsd blxmxn2 01Lp13 aaeaiaui 5 g 0 only! edifice/IE. 915T .aeqyj .infi {ngu{ as Eéuflatv 9d sruoiausdj anoa'ungmoo patina mi Hpuodj iuiqled .Lufi:wua (vi a;wuierLiiifimnn IO aa£5137u310q : 5.... e 82:39:}. “to; a; -1." :(jrjii {inf} 0-7 ;’rf;‘»_'i--.;:-’a-'3‘1 [£3 12"] .LisLqugfrzz €71“;L[31hl {LL 1H33“f13fk[ jIHGOttyq \— ._.—-__.__._..__._ ____ _.——_—_——-—- 14—14 45 to receive as many grains and sell as much fertilizer and supplement feeds as possible. Remember that the program' assumed that these increases could be achieved and that there would be no price or non-price retaliation by com- petitors. 'It is possible that business might be increased by improving receiving and handling facilities, advertising, or by changing prices. However, more research is needed in the area of what persuades a farmer to go to one firm over another. NevertheleSs, as was concluded in the Illinois study, increased farm production should be welcomed by the grain elevator firm. -At present, it seems that the major factor which is affected by an increase in business-potential is the total storage capacity of the sample firm; A dis; cussion concerning this was given in a previous section of this chapter. Implications The elevator manager might be more interested in a general discussion of the results rather than an economic interpretation of them.) For example, the marginal value product of 223 more unit of storage capacity might not be of interest to a manager. He might|be more interested in the MVP of the ten-thousandth unit of storage space, which is not given in the solution. The manager of the sample firm then might be more interested in the following type of discussion. The program spotted trouble in the complete feed oj ' 7’ 5 ‘4 I. “' ) c ’— £21321 L V 0. ~ J l A .1 , '21)} hi yd i '9‘» u 1L, r; ’1 V1. in «J -0 110.; .1. f. ‘,__. '1‘, - .1 1 -( -_ L-»_. .- ..e. ‘3 .a 31 DE} 193 . .13w .Izjozs r J i“: . ff ~ Jo L“ ‘. I-w C n )1] val 'Pb \ . J [11:11; Hi» )7) .‘ )y' T . .{A 71' ‘n .KJ 31. -Lfys1q '- \J j (.v 1, _ U u f' '1' Lgl j .. Q .L ,. ,— a4 so eyrzoj v 4 A :f‘)’ ...» n r: j — .1 (.4 - r L .- \ ._-J-" 1‘ ("N 'J- J .-- f 9.1 1*, gr; iii 1‘: " f id 5.". e I” Y <‘_L.‘I. ‘v‘ f -t r , .r .» .-x .J ~' ..A. L 46 operation.‘ The manager might want to do a labor efficiency study in this part of the business.. He might find that the machinery he is using is outdated or that the feed producing Operation is not set up efficiently. The manager might also want to consider the possibility of dropping the complete feed business. Before he does this though, he should make sure that he will not lose his present customers} grain, fertilizer, sideline, and supplement feed business. Also. to be_considered is the salvage value of the resources associated with the complete feed operation. It might be that after a_labor_efficiency study is conducted and afterm other relevant factors.are considered it would not pay to drop the business. Or possibly the manager might find that it would be better to update the equipment in the feed mill. Another alternative is to increase the margin on complete feeds. ‘These and other alternatives are available to the manager-and he should consider them all carefully before making a decision,. The manager must also be concerned with the type of farming in his marketing area, the services which his clientele require, and the competition. These are factors which must be considered before a major decision can be made. With respect to storage space, the manager might decide that it would be wise to expand this facility. Before he does, he must first consider how limiting this resource is and if business will increase enough in the next few years to warrant such an expansion. Will new and better facilities e" \vx“ -\ , ‘4 ‘4 ..r l - L 7 g y r" , _ {vww _ .’ r2 -1--- - ._ 1-: ‘ Mi); 1. L‘.‘ t _ .. .: » ..4 1.: _t:~;-,.1;. w. t. -1 .1'4)‘ > lun‘-’ r " ‘ ’ 1', -4 L .8- I a r ~0 —L . . 7‘ ‘ ' 1 r r ( 1 r1 j 4 “.L A r- r g P v I p + r v d .. 01.51 L —A ..l‘ L 1 I ‘1 o _. '[L i. a Q Hi, ‘ ..Lx) ~J . " l Call'J laL \lk Lj~4 (3 r - '- -\ ‘. ,. Ir _ v u I I r ' - ' . '3'. -. "\I .2 1 ~ »~ -+ _' . r " .»~. . ! ‘L .' * I' “ ’_ ' V“ 'v .' _ H ”a _ r‘ tr‘ —~ rv r .—.,—~\ " r1 V1... ; 1_ .3 ,4 ‘ 1- I ,1- _.._. _L'J ..._'.- i .'-.‘..J-’ 14.4. s‘:...l.- A.“ C..[ CH. 11:)...1..;.gff.l . 'w - ~ m - r " ‘ ’ ' '4‘, ur '- 2; 'fl r ' r “ A. .. v-L_ '. r11... ' ‘r, L o " i ...i .‘.L.‘ “A .J y‘I- _. if]. C' [ [lleJL‘ .1 v‘l~j&-J ”-1, «(.-. .r‘_ .. ,g'j ....1,‘ _. . \qh 9.,— ...1r[ 2.. }..-,.-_r,., rfl'j 5,. {..'_.. _i as”. :11, .-.‘ik. -3-.." 511- {---L(._ 1" ...) 1L) \- _- ... 1.1.111c.r‘1‘ -11.. ..LfJLJJ. c.1103 CL.) ...i ILL'W’ Y .» y ~ v u r I ~ I ' a - p . ‘4 .. ~' ' ' r‘ g“ r.‘ ”u * V ' -. “ i "- V *- J ’ ' ' r (f -| .‘ ‘ . ... --- j.) 't, f: 1 't- 3'4 ' 1: F 1 . ).. L .3.'J_ LJ\,)A. "... \’Lp ‘11‘-.[>.H_J..~ L. .L _. (2'7) my)... _J.. 1. .L“.' L_-‘\-.L . \_.. :4. -.‘I..£C4LI'\J 1).." ...! _ - . , V.‘ 'r~'vv _ I P‘ ‘,. '\ 1', .1 v. m.“ ,- r)“ ,1.‘ - __ ‘. I - A r wj vaq ij iihmm 31 La: hianjo bin erodzbi jznveisi Ionjo ' r - .- ’- :v-~ >~“- r : Q‘rr . \V'.‘ K r t'.‘.‘ '-‘ ~« ~ 7 r * -nj Lu11 juuim Iupbflbfl UL} ~1h1ec>q 10 .eeumiaud enj dOiu .. ..'1 .r- ,;. r. I-f—»— a. -14 y... .. ,-._.' in: {moi 2.1:...) v.1 JHQnIMLLL-J :2” osmium oJ tr. been obi Linow .11 cjoicnvo no Hiplfifl odd oaseuoni 03 21 evijrxuvjis zodjonA on: o: oidsiisvs 915 ESViijIBJIB Iofljo has send SIQEBJ yiiuleino 115 and: johianco bloods ad has leprahm " 9.. 7'21) E. @1711).qu I k—t V ." ,M [NI H L - I‘ w} r".\ ‘4 ' ‘ ' y ' . ' a... 1' - 1 ' _ ~ ' r’ . -‘r '\ “V r~ " ”I; I -, r-I - ’ ' ¢.« (‘1 Lil. ‘1 'ldLi..V' r;’§rj LVJC’K‘: L-,Llj ‘5J1$—) ;;-~J.Q\j.‘iefviwloe GLLI {IL E'11L441-1D1 ,, _ ,..‘ ,---. .., .,_"I'1 .:\' L r. “r, V .. .. ...“- ,_ --.-."'.~ L.,;j-L‘ra_i )L“) LifLA'..... cl.Q.£jl.j iii5fn\.\'e) L.-4)..-i t I" \IZ‘ILI.'Y"_§'1 :’i€‘JAI£,-LJ-‘) I ‘ P-‘fl H w ( 5.. \ K 1.... \ \‘I Q“ U. I x. (‘1 ’r) - I —fi ," 4.) ,. ' I as. I ‘ f“ . “l r e a "l L/ IN \ >‘-§ Li ‘1 N. V _\ r 4 "i ,_.1 U ( K‘A‘ 1‘ P. ..w k; 1...’ h l L C 5.2 “H L4- *‘Q F—w i-v f-‘fi :" \ r k\ M» \u | I r4 e Lr’ LL n1 .. ,_) .'\ 2.. I a! C y~ K.) --.... .g. .’ -. r'- -._ - ,1 ~' r.,-.~l-. dint»; n31 Jxm-v’t riflj {TI i_..l,i’.'-‘.._,l EJ:.;L.I;J£J...C iiiw dv~_-.-I!TJ.r:IJ-t. ll. unis l'..,: .-.1..J, ;' \._ .. . , ["' ,. '. ~ ..-. .-.,. .1-,-..-. , 7+ £111.’.-:.., “1“- ". .‘. -.‘;. .‘._I 11.1..- .1 <,,_,,_. .0 :11-) 113;. .‘ -‘i‘s. 1'11; 1.1st C4 47 in handling attract more customers? What about increasing prices? These are other questions which have to be con- sidered. The program showed that fertilizer is quite profitable for the sample firm. In this light, the manager might want to consider expanding this enterprise. Before expanding, the gains from additional facilities, the costs of adding facil- ities, and such factors as competition, planting‘acreages, \ and his present fertilizer facilities should be considered. The linear programming technique is a useful aid, but the manager is still in charge of exploring business alter- natives available to him and making further studies on the data produced by the program. The results given for the sample firm used in this study should be useful to similar firms in the industry. This concludes the presentation and interpretation of the results. The next chapter will summarize the study, evaluate the linear programming technique as applied to a feed and grain firm and point out the areas where further research is required. 7" uu‘: .J. .Ls' A: .. _y, , _J ,. o — ‘ ' - r‘ I ,— .... 1 a .. -_ . F; ,. .. - E... c .1 2:. L‘L old a.) JI~‘-A L. Vi 1-‘ .1 .‘.‘ L., I " Jr) 2135C IJ'iliiiliffgi [1.1. ..Z.:.. ..\4_..' W. L.,, r.'___ .'. .-.... «’1' 1. ‘4 :7, ..F :.'.".f ‘3 _l..1."“ .Tj'.;.'_ 1.1~T..'*-’1:'v -:..I.:i 1,1712 Hiyjkf) 31"}..'IE?H(,‘T) OJ J H J) ,. J C) P1 -L "T‘ -) 5 .‘ \ p H- I-v '3 11 L) (J m f". U (‘1 ' \ C. l I‘ I 77s 1 -' ’“I (.1 7‘ L i 7‘1 h >4 A a. k“ L... L6- h- f1..y«(‘,F,'r:,~_~ ”IQ"; (.4 5- 1%.»,«49 i1 1' 7 'r' r3 T?" "' fi‘w‘w? j “*mrsnv 'r’ V 15 e .1“... -.VI1-.1. .. ..»_,.4 1.....Jxl.‘ ._...I.L,‘ ...Ln.~’..‘._ - ‘.....l.l.-,v.l.l ln-JC...“ 1 811; La l H ‘ l ['1 D"! r .I ‘3 ,2 h {a pm H. 2. H H 1.... Ta 3. I; 17.7 H Y‘) :1 U h I H H 1.... Isn- t- 10 {U b—b' F! (J Pd 1* “a r< h ,7‘ V ”w Ls. ...- . L’. .. . 1 Li. + -. ' ' , ‘ . - .— ' -i - . .. 5 ' . .— . ‘- :a ,j 1.t. .:;L,3th,3 1 11.1 £.:J. rs'fi..t. ; olir; {TI}; :11 e.L..e_[J'5‘JI) d€J\/L.:Ed1 - .‘aL —' ’7" -~ , Vv :- :“ ’“n ' '- r ,- v". " ~‘ '— .x'. Pi - " "'- 's- - I v-_-" " I v F - —- .1 -~ \ 5:)1...J 111.1 11:1‘.=1-J tar—Tina's) .1 51).}.-. .friif. .f "3.1.1, (1114...? pl L‘QJL-La'C‘ [’1 b.1331; I L Luau mlil oig;ba f.“ I... 9 {1‘ H3 .' “' E‘V (4. I‘ ' F- :‘x L.- '52 h usiiflia oj iuieeu he .1. “NJ ..-. - _. ' ., , ‘. .. ‘rr- - . . 1 ._ ° "”1 1o haithguflLHlei has Huijfijfffik}wl.ufi aabniamco e131 - " J. v' . .: - r’t ‘ ‘ He‘ ’ . ‘ r r 4 ~— "- I" ~‘ r" "'1 v' - ..-. -~ «I , ..-vu-:; :11: o. [Khmu'ba .LLL,J'131<1tdl;.jx Ml :1.L ..ajihcrui zit) n oi boiiqqe as shyindoaj pninmsrpoxq Insnii anj ojsuinve .1 nisup bus heel ‘,_,. --. '_I , I‘IL. .. .. ."‘ . ," ~ -.'_.L ... . . . — , '- .. .- it‘lljibl Lil) .-~.‘ .rmffi» SH-) jIJ‘J _ifLJ.(.J‘».: i-'-il- HUI .... fl 5.... mp9} 21 flounoacu Chapter 5 SUMMARY AND EVALUAT ION Technological developments have been prevalent in the V firms that serve agriculture. The feed and grain industry has been affected by technologies both internally and ex- ternally. Internally, new deve10pments have taken place with respect to receiving and transportation facilities. Externally, technologies have increased farm production dramatically. These technologies have put burdens on the management of marketing outlets for farm products. ’Little has been done to aid the manager of a feed and grain business in his decision-making process. This study used one of the business management techniques to help the manager solve the problems which he faces in resource use, expansion, etc. The technique used is linear programming. The linear programming technique and the model deve10ped in this study was tested on a sample firm. Several sources were used to obtain the data necessary to complete the model. Among these included a questionnaire, interviews with the manager of the sample firm, receipt and sales data from the records of the sample firm and secondary sources. After the data were collected and manipulated to suit the specification of the linear programming model, the model was ready to 48 r>/" 1. -~:-~ — —-v7 ._ r 1"“ re . L L -.rx. ’1. x . cg» ". 17.. . L - _- -,-~ an - ‘ ~ . - - , .- 4' - 3 'AJ Cf jcjin.iig Hold cv.; eJ.o.w.1. i + , . . . 1 .- . r -‘ — 1 '~ “- ‘; ' r . . -~- , , (11 -y' a; “1r,i:‘!rnfi. :'¢~L #1.. .aazb.fl£ur> ; ’ .. T - -. . 1 -, f . ., \ .. r - i “k 'TMJ’ ViihufiL‘-hi hj'»icapipL1 n .,’.‘T’1 ' ......— 1 22;-1 .yiiforjnmizb jzwxzzs"t 3C3 jzzguwaqpsr. u. .aonjaud ninup 233 30 oco Lsau i5: Nd ovicua IQEffi”? 1:1 ‘_.,\ .v,—'- ..——vy—. {glii ...».j Z: ‘IL\>I:'!‘.A»(.f.--.‘.2 v " “I re . . “'“’r‘ 231% ngfiii 0;. 93 saw ybuj 03 wt ~.' x J [\ACJ U: Mi Ar .1. QUENhe: '10:; '6.) :1 [x a.) 49 enter the computer. The linear programming technique proved to be useful in picking out weak spots in the sample firm; :The most obViOus Weakness was in the feed mill.‘ This indicates that further study should be directed towardnthis part of the business.‘ In particular, the labor used by this Operation should-be considered. ’ Some study should be given to the possibility of de- leting the complete feed business and keeping the supplement and miscellaneous feeds. Possibly a susey Should be con- ducted to determine farmers' feelings on this matter. ‘It might be that further study of the complete feed'operation Would reveal that dIOpping it would not be beneficial. Farmers might object to the firmWnot offering‘comPlete‘feeds and'grinding and mixing services._ From all indications, it appears that marginal value product is below acquisition price (it would not be profitable to eXPand),'but-wé'cannot say'for certain that the marginal yalue'prddust is below Salvage price (it would pay to salvage the operation). We therefOre can say with reasonable assurance that the feed operation should not be eXpanded as it is, but we really cannot say, because of a lack of information, that it should bé‘eliminated.’ The manager has to look at this part of the business and keep the above considerations in mind. Also to be considered are competition and increasing margins. 'Perhaps, if the sample firm were to invest in the new technologies available to the industry, customers could be ' _ .Iojhflgrmo oriJ ‘14»53119 . / mi .Luivézb ( OJ'JLQETXTQ :quiruxvuj Unifivwaxpcnvq IExMiLi (MVP i—‘w (D g. -, - Mgn an ." ._., , V'J - L r . ,.. _ , , '.' ‘, auoivno 32cm ~1- . 111 ULJJDQ on- Mr CJJHB abew Juo pmiAoiq ,:-l~,w . ,. . -.s. '- , :, '7'. 1’. .‘ ..z. ' . .- ..r . iono.mgi osdj cfmJLUIMIi tun.L .iLiJXIMLJl chi ILL ELM aoernaxnv E a p . . ; .pdlspiaflOD V — I l O ‘ l r I r a .— C . I I t K --L t r ,a-v r'fi '- * r , . . ~ I” — r; , v 7 ~ .~ ‘< ‘ I , i r (w ,I > . p ; , - .1 .- t . 3" ' ‘2 _‘J -— o ‘(J -'— .L Run I... ‘4 ‘1; Ix) r; :4‘ 4» - J \«I J l a ”or \U .1. -J ‘3 u r“, {J I—'l « s: {- $-1LI J :3 v.9 - '10 d f r ‘1 w ' ., 7 —~ . » ~. ‘9 v<~ ~.‘~' - '. - r r 1 . -- 'r I I: ' I ’ ". . "V ‘ r" n . -" ~". r j; ?.)J.I;‘.L‘§T';J3. L).-3 "Ariana Lin" ;ir;.;.)1iit-.1,lt.. ..‘in 1.13-7; JJVUC) £7113 EIILJ‘JJ. >4 r1“ .. -r '2, .. r, ,,.- . ,,{"‘.r,.._ , ,.,"...‘_1 ,. ~ '4 r .. “(XLJD Elk; 111LJCML8 :‘w1fi‘1il'b I.) inx-{1’-;.:‘.k)tl .92“ JEJJ 21".)L.}lif.il.[€?:)aiiq .1.in unimiojop Cj bojoub LL H I M ‘ o Li C“) _, ... f. r—I F l , i LL 5-3 I" \ V I2‘ 0 Q i._ g.-- L L: Li W ) J ' i H I . ‘o } -\ C} ‘ l H. v ao,bmai Ujei u m>.mi} lo Viuja :maleni jnfij 2hi.jnpjm .lzsizniifutsgf oci j£m1 :nLiu w :ji piLto pill; jxmij' i;;oV%31 Egiinyw shoal ojolqmoo pniloilo 3am mlri ouj OJ joofiao jdpim aiomibd + 'r '+ 'b ' ii” rm 3 'u'iV1‘a UHi“iW b*‘ ;~ib '1 ins J1 ‘BJOL- [331. 1111 D ”WI od‘JJ w J L- A L- ..[.13 ElL ;.'[‘I.L.p Ji noijiaiumus woiod 8i junbolq ouinv lbnipxsm janj alboqqs I jonnno on 3nd ‘(RMqua oJ eidfijiiOIq ad jun Lloow 3i) ooiiq ‘3 .L h' wolod : jounozq ouisv innipjgm onj find} ninjloo no yrs CW! . l;Ii-.‘I...j‘J;_L:_?L;;) 1&1} ‘3 3313 ‘Jifid Oj ‘if’fi 1-x.LLJuw jL) 9J1 I1 tflhLinL-a n .. _,_, .,.,,,..-.,.,. ‘ , .,.,\.‘_. - ,'_' , ,.,. _,. . .- .. ”1' ngil .31“! offlLJ :Jo.n;1in;a£3 olgib.noiinji .1: N ‘zna {The} etholaaigu.j _ ~. v _ .... ,- .. .. ' y < 7" f r.— ,. '1',‘ ,,_ .. f- , -— ~ ..' ' ,- / yilsoi um jog ‘ol J1 an nounsjho on jam blooms norjnieqa ? ' l lhona 4L 3Ldj \flOLJBmIQIHL lo Kori L to oaunoud ‘qaa JOHHDU U‘ i.Y" I on“ :0 313m; alzij 35 £001 03 and *logi.-:gu;i.~.-z an” .E'>:Jj£:fliff1i13 ed 0: oa'fi .bnim Hi anorjbiotianoo ovous adj gona nus EBUHLEUL .ewyipliwn EMLLairalika L¢u3 wanjij 31¢ K) CV15 1 alinoiaru;o Eu Y . r . _ , ' .4, ... .. . I .- ,7 . _—‘ : ’1 3 ‘, ~ ‘ . f I r, .-, ~ —! ,. VIE/HI 9L4 “I. .46.’;j‘.’.'.l.L Uj’ L9 L'In’ “1.14.4. 1:-.- a ..'1 4.11 ..-C \rn‘,{I'JJAI‘_i)q Si L'iLJ‘JJ BIZJIlQJdHJ \"".ij;31-'~'114. gi‘.J tn, '_,.‘_'-_:.f.2_L_L.LJb (CU‘LJC)_L(J;‘11¥)‘;'J 50 drawn away from the competitors. This would be a difficult decision for management to make. .There is.no definite way. of knowing whether business would increase if more and better storage, receiving and handling facilities'wereradded. More study needs to be directed toward.defining why farmers go to one business OVer another. Price competition should also be considered. gThe program revealed that.the increased farm production. should be welcomed along with the increase in fertilizer and sideline sales needed to achieve this production.. .Fertilizer storage constraints were not added to the program. However, the manager.indioated thatL£ertilizer. warehouse space_would have to be increased to_meet the needs of an increased business potential. ThiSialong With grain I storage should ho-expanded as long an the costs of'edding additional capacities do not exceed the revenue received from such expansions.. It—must bewremembered that the increased business potential was assumed to be achievable and that competition would not retaliate with price or non-prioe‘ competition... *-‘The manager.of the sample firm.is still required.to make the final.decisions.y Linear programming is merely thool to aid the manager in decision-making., The manager needs to consider competition and other factors which are relevant to the firm and the real world after the programmed solution is-obtained. - . . , - - W r ‘r — ~, ~ .- e (- . . . v a- u ..a 5... .. .... 4A-} J.. J. J __ - r — _ ~.( *° 3 « in ‘ .'.'r.\r7 ' P 3.4» "' .. a, L - A4 .L - u. ‘L .2. .. ‘ ..t r ' - a v - J. L' ' ' " " ' '. L‘ ’ i) _L. - o .0 ‘.J.o_'.A-)AJ i, i - 4 .. ‘LiJ H £9 I 1 H. F. p. L4- .4 (1) i v' u u ,_ v-fi . c: J .' E) ‘J! IT {"3 D“ - niojp EHLgJJS Io adeux; 953 e ‘a A.. r - v . .,..p , . y ..a. r1 soil boJroUJI Sbflfifvi Bwj — . _ _ A ' I I“ I»; -; ’ ’1‘. r .~ - .‘ '_ LMJ:.£¢J.I;41I. :;.“J J;.;;j Lha.12ui .- r. r ,— , - ' ...- L ., jiulj 1"[IL Sik‘fov13.i..q‘ £31, I. 14:3”HCTI ”(O E) 3 I ‘1 3; _4 r.“ _ _ .. .|.'.’.. ".‘ C’J c’..1.):)‘:f{ lt'w‘slii ’I :M ' , . ' .. , r ...e ---... -.. — ' noijoio; ;.mpbipoig e; r... h' -(‘.\ 9 ,A‘ , |'».- . l ‘(C v ,- “ .—- 77 » l‘J-Q‘JVLI u a. .1 . A.Lr—'.L J,--:g.‘l-'-.‘£ N I " ,— ‘ A‘ .- r I ' “rt r. - r‘r r\ Nari) .io--.._io.1_.i '. L gaze; r .j jean OJ 5 hbfliu r . ' r- .. ... ' nJifl pawl; a1- - r " ‘ -v .- - v ~ v ‘- 0 I"\ : klil ‘.‘£‘.V.B {Twrfulu ”a“, ,3 A. .g . .”2_ 1w; HUIELJGD :Jgufiw Lo‘woci do -' A. ' L 5- .‘ t -l ‘- ;LVquoI ‘eneXeja i o: Eugen yiuja 2‘1"" E; 5‘. an I T: Li (1 E“ [1 C3 .Lolebianoo I y L 5" 1‘3 (_ (1‘ C \—I (1) 51 C) 5:. t . ¢ "-p \ -":r-~ ' .Clfi‘.’_[asth‘-ils:’ ‘tv’ly’e :ijnejoq aeomiatd 51 Evaluating the Techniques The linear programming technique‘has been highly useful. in this study. It was able to handle the large set-of. activities and constraints of a feed and grain operation. The solution to the linear programming model'proved to be helpful in giving management an insight into problem solu- tions. It was also helpful in pointing‘out the weak spots~ of the business as well as analyzing the affects of a changing business pctential; The model built in this study could also be used to test the effects of the sideline and feed Operation by drapping these Operations from the‘model;4‘0ne could also test the effect of adding and subtracting‘particuler resources such as labor, capital and storage capacity. 'It would also be interesting to decrease the cost of an activity which did not come into the optimal solution to see'how much costs. must be reduced before the activity enters the solution. The effects of changing margins might also be interesting.‘ A sensitivity analysis might be helpful.. This technique highlights the impact of a change in one variable on the other economic variables of a model. For example, it can show the amount of shift in profit when key inputs to an economic model (e.g., price, volume, and capital) are varied, one at a time. - Setting up and using a linear programming model does require a great amount of time and data. This time and data 1 might not be available to all elevators. Also the business 45¢. 91‘; t '. ' "" -.‘ " . ‘I'T‘ q“:k JULJXH7JQJ 31:” .ibe Eafli'a’?“ odj f {I’JIJEZ ed oals Elbow jl 23200 {'15 .Lotusv £3 '8. C} F D ...,‘ .' .' ~., ” Eauniuflii Shj'Cxiim fish E. I H VJ aenmrw * ” o‘j :sr‘ nirv. h-“. .9-.. -- _.-_ --——_- —— —-.—_.~1__ .— - - - .. a.“ - I f. ' 1 . - J I‘ -.; i - ..- .. ,. ' I!” {Lu in nu. erh cu,izio»a 1m: _¢.rexq inogil on; I > ' -L F - ‘ 1 I — r- , ' .r ' 1(‘233x (xpiiJ “In 11.4.! . T {.3 1. 9:»; ji .urxnje (iifij 111 .pfiijooiojni 9d 0815 jdpim BHIEIEL I T .noijuioa 9L3 1 l Luau ox oeis doidw vjivijos as :uejne led Hi ji .olqmsxe 10? SEE. ([bflefiXJ has iQhCfl s omij aim? . C ’1 Ci F: F“ u 7‘ ' '~' ' r ' . rites {wbja dinj UL iii; {mzi;}ui:jir4113 {yin [rzjinN~ - - ' u" o‘ ‘ r" - ’ " -‘ 9 f; - ... '- -l ' . r . {J lulu-£13.”) FELL; Iv.) 3 1x111) i -4.) 1:11:53 . . ' . -. .fv " *' V I o: EjUjML veA nuns jLIOLu UL pmiwmhioox" finfii s jo 333L513530" DUB soijrvrjos 1.....-,-. ....-. .. ... .,' . . ., _. '_, ,_,. 4r l....'t.1o1,.uii_{ iii-nail run?“ 03 hOiJLJIUc: SLI‘ iumi ms jxonepnqnn ynivip Hi iufiqlod . 81101;} argnziéixi oxni io aconieud j [irni .[zimoni 91?? Log; IMLE caiinflxta cn3-;n3 aj”oiio':xtj C 1011 . nodal as N. 30 3803 edj sessisob OJ pnijeelojni ioum wed sea 03 noijuioa lsmijqo eflj ojai ores jun gfiivijos on: 910191 boosts: ed jaum ”1 11 t., . 1'“ L] W ( ‘ HJ O {‘J Li. ( 1 ( a H‘ t—qJ U) ed jdpim aia{{nns gjivijianos A "\ mi spnsdo s 10 jobgmi adj ajnpildgid _J ._ .lobom s 30 aeiuhiisv oimonoos 1*d30 jiida lo income edj woke .esnnmicn: "Ufu£321 ‘ .E).o) ll.hcyu ZLLHNMSCZNH .,.r. r... .\ -,..,,. .-. .i .-'. a .kljtou Li; » .‘LIJ 1C) 3‘1I."x::.f) .jK-‘jl',’ 5.) 51¢“! {31 52 might not have access to a computer to handle a linear pro- gramming problem the size of the one in this study. However, these problems could be solved by programming a typical firm in a region and then make inferences from the solution given. That is, the results obtained frOm programming one elevator might be‘helpful to similar elevators in the region. By» choosing a "representative firm"‘of a particular class, in- sight intO certain prOblems facing management for this par- ticular category of firms could be gained. ‘Managers of feed and grain Operations need to use all of the accounting and business management-aids available to them for the business to survive. With the introduction. of technOlogies, internal and external, decision-making is becoming more'and more complex in the firms that serve agri- culture. A successful manager must make use of all the tools available to him. :If he does not, he might find that his firm will not be able to compete with the more progressive firms in meeting the demands of a highlylproductive'farm sector. The model developed in the study should be useful to elevator managers and researchers workinngith the feed and grain industry in meeting these demands. What Needs To Be Done? As a result of this study, areas which require further research were discovered. More work needs to be directed toward obtaining better data, especially labor data. Factors Vflxich affect a farmer's decision to choose one firm over L ”> —-Yrj Icwwtzi s idJuiLfi CL; losiryugo 5 {Mi azoozmaiivsd jsmii -o {nsM .. ’_- 7- ,.-.. .. 1, ,r r- .,, -,..i- '~ ._.r -' . ~2»JJ Jo ufflbbfihm Lntmlos ufbwuj EnJoeiiL so bloods - ,- r, .7- -__ ' , .- in.” - ‘ i -. in .-.' ., r . ' .-. . .. .. - “4 3,:to .dlpjszumum: ijehj .eeoniemo Ilvdj S'Yibnn f ...— ' . '~F -:. ..i ”L 4. .’ . ,i- '.- -' gel or sillsiJo-e C4 basin say: so Lihbfl Rc*flicbd kL ('3 - '— D . r ,r [I - A , a. - ’K‘ J - ’- r r— ~—‘ v I- . .. I - ,- r. I .3 agoniaud wnj lei jndd on LlUUN jl {luicduq .pni n1 exLiELooqe has aeonisud nzszp has £993 adj juo rum; mi "u Efifltwl'éfij 1111.333d {mi Liurwx;ji agpwiioq 1C) '1‘ vv' -- we. :2, eff-r _. . » .4 r '.:Jtnsiin :~{ LLLLL‘R .iuzbrh13 .kbLJJQJfiI o3 -4”) d2;nl£cUd ‘w ‘ 'I— " 1" - 1, r -.r I r u’ 7 " _ r” I' '-v‘v " . ' q '; om onj bhlvioa yd Lumib on oeis Lluoo sietnnnn I) p... l r‘ — :- v-H '- 3 II v ~ " f‘ I 'H'~ I A rv . " ‘ duSlc ilm lo aiojsvols 1C1 ghbja einj n1 tog evob ' " " r I f - 4 -. ~ (x A v ‘ ‘ .- V) I ’J I ‘ ’5" V! I' ’ ' ‘ 7 es Lop; an pr use BIwaflLm ‘clhj pnfvo .u .aoqu :‘A I _ w . I ,_ -- -. . - . ' ~ “ p! r‘. v e x . " -J- r- r. I- . . pl -‘ - y' Y" if .Jb Lnijbxogo om Linuh- y:_s dnuflldbd 1U elevsi ed oj moo; aseus ovcds odT .115 is pnijsiego ed 03 emij jmuaejq odd is vljajini boot has ninjp adj ni ~. I LI ST OF REFERENCES ('1’ _I-L-I '\ 4:! ' 1 '2' F’- Val..-_.;L_L .- ', .. . ‘1‘ LIST OF REFERENCES Books Ferguson, F. O. and Sargent, F.L., Linear Programming: Fundamentals and Applications, YNew York: McGraw- Hill Book Co., Inc., 1958). Bulletins and Articles A Linear Programminngodel of a Grain Elevator and Feed Firm, TechniCal Bulletin 137, Agricultural Expefiment Station, Kansas State University, March, 1965. Schnake, Norman P. and Hill, Lowell 0., "Linear Programming as a Planning Aid for Country Elevator Managers," Illinois Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Experi- ment Station, University of Illinois, July, 1967. Government Publications Michigan Agricultural Statistics, July, 1965; June, 1966; September, 1967; July, 1968. Unpublished Sources Schnake, Norman P., The Application of Linear Pro rammingito the Management of a Country Elevator, Unpublished M.S. Thesis, University of Illinois, 1967. 54 °~‘o'*~i “5 for‘ III“ ‘1 f -..\.“: F .{1 I‘l‘."‘" I: 'I'L* j" .3 I‘m 1 . _sI' ”‘3' xwrmrfq 1L..-VII_T ‘5 ’I i - ' . —‘ r .'" ‘_ """ ’ 'I H". " . ' f." - ' f _ . '- ""I' ,' ," ' ‘ " ' . " '5. 'I ' ,"""“""_ ' ' ’ ‘ - ' v" 'v~‘ r. -“. . v o e - f « ‘. .‘.pa ..; 1.,.»’~;.- ; .‘r-Ju- L..r.i'.1,[---. ‘ ‘-LJ. z...1'. -. gilt- . l1»V-I;.1.i/‘3L :; ' r - .~ ..-: 'n- ,..' ' 4; n . .‘i - ‘ - '{3 e K.Ie’ ':.L ‘..«..' [i.l'. \ . -JII.[.CI. 1‘23‘4Ilf1J git”; ‘4 (liq-:ITE‘: 1 \LI(Ji.jb-.jq A I ’ , " ‘ "“.'~ ." “ f- ; v . T It 1’7 ' .- ~ ~ I‘ ' i. f‘ (It 4 .- v ' ‘ .. -' r“ - Ir‘ I: ..L..’.. {)3 {2"}. i IKTI.IIA-£x' ‘ e - i.l"vI/'~3'.'. ‘11:.1 I‘Iil.‘ e ‘1 ;.!I'IIV‘V- ‘31411'1111\JI»1 . - — ( v~ r“ - t. ' Q .' - ' ' ' _II v ~ - - ’.- r ~ ' ‘ e :5 :- "~ - r. I , ~ ._ 4'1 V‘- ‘ f‘..f-\.{,'i'11f.f‘r'. _fljfi‘ - 61...... I1’ 11+ ELI-J's, I .. _in-’1 V591 .r..l:if.‘L l E‘ (LII) I - r I » I- -'~ .- r- r ' A r Iv. I . ' -- :' I —Liwuxi iLIUjLUJLIUA ‘20s Hume? irifi+L1:LYHQ r;0nIlLI .YJQI \ych .aioniii n I fr‘o'l'iII «+rvo‘vc:r~r~(f\Vy/z'\ IJ‘~L . .i‘..1..'.". 1 .....- -.‘_..-_‘fl _—__.._.._._- .. ——_——-._ . .. - - _ . ,_.__ - -fi. :EWQI .onUL :CEGI .YLUL .aoijeifisia lswwiiuoimpfi ortjfiu M —- - .-m—--...- _... I 3 A .I . ’ . FI‘ —~ III.-_ . ' . (‘I '2 Z; .L ' Lu L; ‘ \ K; t 1, 1:21;, _‘ V;‘1.f‘ \ i \ >rz">'1;!"43 Ex his: [J H'” 1} YI‘ ., I. .y rv ’7 -{ v , -Y (I- A , 'Y :. T q n {K ; " h. ' I I ' _ 1' g -.-V‘ (I -( n‘ v! CI )fc [Iris E" LII-7L '~ 2 ~ "7‘ é- 1- If I.. ._ " {IV '. 'f-IJ '3 ‘- ‘7 l \ o (lb:l.IIC«’L’I \ "’"“’ ‘ I ..... _ .- »3 .7 - ...—... . _ -.. .----—-.. . ..—- .. . . ---‘ If -.-- __,. .. - ‘- .. . .. ,.- I .l . ,‘ . ’ ,.,.. —.\5 ....I.; .r': . JJ .11; .tgzi. ‘11...) .’_.:' .= “ 1.3: _ J. 3 ”TC - T‘ T‘SI‘IIM :-. - I X .7511 .aiomiiii i; {ziauov1nu ‘alssh; APPENDIX A COMPLETED‘QUESTIONNAIRE Confidential M.S.U. Dept. of Agr. Economics APPENDIX A COMPLETED QUESTIONNAIRE Grains What grains are handled? Corn, Wheat, Soys, Oats, Navy Beans, Dark Red Kidney Beans Is ear corn handled? Yes - received and shelled. Drier type and its capacity for each grain - Schanzer Continuous Grain Est. Drier Capacity (bu./hr.) Wheat 1200 Corn 1000 Data 800 Soys 1200 Burner BTU -- Rated Capacity 1000-1100 bu./hr. How much grain can you receive during an eight hour day under "normal conditions" (bu./hr.)? Grain Amount (dry) Amount (wet) Wheat 32000 24000 Corn 10000 7500 Oats 20000 -0- Soys 16000 -0- Navies 10000 -0— D.R.K. 4000 -0- On an "average year" what percent of the grain received during harvest must be dried? What is the average mois- ture? Grain % dried Ave. moisture Corn 95% 25% Wheat 10% 15% 55 .. A —, r; c’. LI f.) Ll 33935’39 — (. 111\\.L::§) I . ~ . — —. . -1. . ,. Yhm {rod Duh (fink?) 3n;_t;.‘)r."-': I") bovrsuol cramp l . -r r #1" {—.xurf-r‘ <34.’O.l .J ‘14 ' )_ . JVS l erlufarqu "r‘ o’er. c: , A. O E) ‘\f>'::‘ I .‘Q : +7 r. N4..- u 4.1 ‘1-.. -z 4",.) - , ‘.T 0L) 0 of ..‘ ‘1‘ [r vr‘ -, ’vr -\ 11 1 i ‘ '7' 'ffi' (‘Tfifif '?.f" .‘szJ' LI' .>'.¥.-.L'J'.L.L ..1 'x’ k.t..4 .r ..’1 . - ‘r‘ 'r - .mibtl ‘affland *gvru- \Qj‘u - * r ',__ r. .— r’. I 1., J.) 1"] V"? I " Ci 1' l ‘{j I’IJL-i. .11.: L) ‘16:.) 17151 . :1 5.4.: . ‘1.’l\ . Lid CC I ?(.Wd\.ud) (11L) 0058: F90?” CCCJS 0'001 LTQL I ' I' '. l s it? (‘l'gf «v14... R r '-’~ 1 j.1ut.-...u. ‘fcofiw ‘nrofl nice 3L9 aI Lflb efiyj 19110 aucunijnOD niEIQ jaodw nIoD ajsO 8108 -- U13 Ioniuq l—CCCL vinBQBD bejsfl .9 m. Emil-U33 ovifaoz’m 00*»: mo r1 islp {bum wo'd ”anoifiiixcu P ILnrnhn" firwonLI HIEIS jgorn n10? aJsO ayoa aaivafi .H.R.G fi 0 —. .— .. ‘ . H u. E} :—‘»’J .1 ’_-'.'\V7f, {If} .-ci j'LIJTI j a«;‘x“1£;r£ L3r1i‘111£) Yoxuj fliBIS - A I‘l'I‘JJ 3‘ f. :3 s 1 I." .b (U 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 56 What is the average variation in the price of navy beans and dark red kidney beans? Four dollar spread What arelthe harvest months for each grain handled? Corn - Oct. 15-Dec. 15 Soys — Oct. — Nov. Wheat ~ July-August DRK — Sept. Navy - Sept. Oats — Aug.. Are grains given in dry weight when they are received? Yes Is there a certain amount of each grain you want to have on hand at all times? Yes Corn - 10,000 bushels Oats - 3,000 bushels What percent_of the grain receipts.is,ear-corn? 8% - During corn harvest this decreases to zero. What percent of each grain is wet? H Corn - 95% Wheat - 10% says - -- Oats v‘-- Beans — -— Grains are usually dry during non-harvest periods. What percent of these grains are stored? 39% - Usually stored during harvest period only.“ What is considered to be "dry" for each grain? Corn.- 14.5% — 15.5% Soys - 13% Beans - 18% Wheat 7 13% What is the storage rate per bushel? 12¢ per bu. per month. . What margin do you have for grain? 6.5% What is the average time grains are stored? 6 months ,.,l. n. ' . _ 7 I' ‘ r rs. 4 uAJII .1“ by); I“! l a. l T . ,- -‘ .., _r- - i_.‘.LJf._:-lci NI‘ll.) {an njs1p My 975$ 03 111131? {JG-Y (”1.113113 - . F - I. "" 3 J (:{I £\.)D 'IJ'J‘J VIA. .0193 (:3 .2101191 jeov15fi , l’ r,\ '1 I) _ {- A — . I {“15}.- Cit.) - w {a {w (:JJQ .[(~)~j A ' . Y . Yulfiip LUMU PI $5.8 efijucm a .J. ‘-.J Sbo1ofla w‘ edj ai jsfiw L91 H1Eb bus m015111wv 3 ‘IUCTi .‘Ji 5".1’3Vb 31.1.4 («I 1.4. (1' {£113.} _u,w 1Cfil EuiJFUFJI jea,x“ILr{ 91L} £115 ;jEJfW Ell .ogmL-CI 1 ' 7‘. ‘7(.)v/- .— .joO - H103 .JUO - eyoa jaugufl-ylub - jfififiN .jagr a - xii- . 131.98 - vv E. LII .puA - 8350 nevi“ enis1p 91A \ r o p c implow ygb R1 873 Z a1 no JC) jnLMLTB [Lisj11u3 B syisij ;-Y Qawmij lib js turd HOBO In H100 8350 "\ k t..- ,. \ (a O J m l .0 v r ‘~ F " ’ 4 " —"\‘ "'I :" 3,1113) n..1p «35 ‘0 juea1eq jEL] _ - ,'.,- .-.— --'- 4’ esnr; H.15 ,r .311.j jcfiJVFIful {Ila U 5111 Ibkl More 10 3nou1uq 551w -- - eyoo —— — "jgo -- - Brit-3‘8 —non :ni1ub y1b yllsueu :15 enig1a Q":\.“‘* a ”35 EUiBIP «av». 30 jauouoq jgdw .glno boi1uq jaov1fid gni1ub £91032 oj bu1oijanoo at jsflfl 1o? ”v1b" 9d £8.51 - §€.¥l - 851 - £81 - £31 - {It1<)') 2103 EHLQH j r‘» f) 1 ' Ti] int? ei jfinfifi rij;:- < 1 . L; F) (1‘ .1 V7 he I I“. '. .LU ) 0:170.) C131 Q Q Q. \— N-v L’ '17 r V ~ _ . ' 971 (b; 251 0b :1 v f“ " ' V‘ ’ i _. _I’ F‘ \C \ a! ‘ ‘l L - | ‘ (J .0 l-'|l \\ a l ‘ 5‘ " i- '1 .f 1 . f ‘1 ‘Lq. f3;~.’°¥‘_""'1 \."_.1 14-4 1 | . .. . .; ..- .. , _ .. ,2 \ 1111 Ind 11:39. 11 but-) " .’ 1 - 4 ~ - ... —- .' .51. 1.41 15:11 .1 [>141 (“3 :Lb‘gy; :' 7' A . L. A '— 4-1‘ 4 ‘1 ."~ ‘I ‘ 1 .L i .1 ..l’ i” 11 4‘1““) Z, _) r)‘)‘ L 01 a1»v[su5 {$1113 1131 '101C1p3 1303 .Hoj 10q e10m ,010v1Leb 03 9?:edxe hens ea 81 9111 £5090 10311131w1 H0£ 9113’ 03 1931111101 ~-YJ- LL ‘ixy1u ‘rfeejcfll pS—yS-d ‘pbd dl-SE-S Jsr"wa ‘pfid ES—BS-O 1 P ‘pbd 1be0 a ‘pbi 10115 3 15d 10 1s a 30 H0um on t' "I 1.. 1931113153 Hasjoq 5013 YL-Yl—Tl 81-88—8 QS-fii-B ES-ES-D 7.2 ,4 O U *— 5'3 . h . U kl) 1.2} f ‘. k4 LU (U 1" N ‘1‘" .. Ll. \ P'- . U) l h (1: xi) 53-; 1. tv>j1111d BI. 3 E-fiW T‘ u.) (X1118) 1:; 1111193 591D Hasjoq Yl-Yl-Yl di~§£~8 ES-EP-O 3 LS—b L") V 1931518 H100 1510018 1911538 H598 1510908 is1000t a I i"; J .1 E) j C: j .6) 13541. 915 31031111103 beppsfi r ,1 - ‘ PJ'Q 0H3 10 379010q jhmd "1ev1loh 10 21200 HUT H0 H1p1£m adj 31 jbflw ' 3 .i V) 59 SIDELINES Classify your sidelines. (Use classifications which are easiest to obtain sales figures for.) Building supplies Coal - Chemicals All other farm-supplies What is the margin for each of the above sideline classi- fications? Sideline , E Margin Building supplies 15% Coal 40% Chemicals ' 12% All other farm supplies 20% The cost to the consumer for coal is $l9/ton. What percent of the coal is delivered? 90%. The costs of delivery equal the added expense to the consumer. GENERAL How many hours per day are you Open for business during harvest? 16 hours Non Harvest? 8% hours are you Open for business on Saturday and Sunday during harvest? Yes Non Harvest? Until noon on Saturdays, closed Sundays What is your total storage capacity? 315,000 bushels What services do you offer to the farmer? (Check those Which are appropriate.) What is the charge for each? Service Check if offered Charge Unit Shelling X 5¢ bu. 7 Grinding X 12¢ cwt. ixing X 12¢ cwt. §olling --- --— -—— thers (list) preading gpraying tucking ,.._ 1 ,i What are the salaries and wage rates for the employees? Job Salary or Wage Manager $10,000 - $15,000 ..w;1;si2 Uboy 111aaa13 5 1 éQI Hi0 W‘Q’ .hcj\C , A 23800 emT ..2 5‘. rr' .'J E‘. H ":3 O E} -'f o .L-_/ pn11ub aagniau a: [WL1TL13 zsfmtu? .agsfixujna n pfiflgrflfil 101 I C: Q. U- ("J ( + S! U L! . \ 0 g SI ‘K.’ U {)- l (.711 ukugil 351:2 L1L¢mo 61 3801859 r 303 Q ,v '1.“ NJ 81 34511 E;n:11£011 3:119:13 a 11;;na piiiiiyfl 1503 alus1mofl3 av1Lqu. vnhi 1;.10 11A 31 Lfico 101 weaheuod 3%) P3 jpoo or? 9 Chglov1|~b 31 1:03 9-5 30 jnwoloq jbqfl mi 03 mamo"t~ LP 7” nu; 111 v v1ev1l£b 10 d- -._‘ neqo mod ;8 932 has yhbiujs 3 {MJOI .11311 9W3 8L €yj135 Loxsilo 11 flwwav '1'. 5 V 1:. I) 5 uoy : 3 non 21003 61 €jaev15d SVIEH a no aaen1aud 101 U GJRQVXLH non qso QpBIOJB isjcj 150v a1 jadw 3931\71‘3‘3 9'15 03 39110 mm” 06 j b If . 1"] (.33b1mu- HDlni 9 O I. V"! {'2‘ C3 X pniiiefia ;€ pa1bnija pa1x1M gn1ilgr (Jail) BISMJO pnibgBIQE pm1yb'qa 121': 1 -J. r; u ‘1 T 10. 60 Job Salary or Wage Asst;.Manager * $8,000~$12,000 Sales Representative 7,000- 10,000 Average wage of.wage peOple $2.25-$3.00 Overtime scheme Time and one-half Part time wage ' $2.00 What is the depreciation technique and the total depre- ciation for the last five years? Straight line 1964 11965 1966 1967 1968 Depreciation $22,000 $30,000 $32,000 $29,000 ,327'000 ’How much part time labor could you hire? 2 men July, Aug.,'Sept., Dec. 1 man Oct.-Nov. ‘Judging from the status of the production factors of‘ farmers in your area and the competition, do you expect your receipts to increase, decrease or stay the same during the next five years? If there is a change, what do you estimate the change to be for each category? Change (+,-,0) Amount of change Feed Sales Grain Receipts Sidelines Fertilizers Other: Comments: HOpe there will be a 10% increase across the board - there is a decreasing agricultural potential in the area. Therefore, the increase in business must come from the competition. What are the investment decisions which are likely to occur in the next five years? .‘ Should we have more fertilizer storage? . Should we improve bean handling facilities (handling ‘ & processing)? . What about storage facilities, do we have enough? Should we build a new feed plant? . Should we handle anhydrous ammonia? LII-[>00 NH O I What are the electric power rates? Check with another source. 0: v . ( a 7 , - - , w . I”: ~. 1;) " 1.11-12 HUB \. .— x \ (" f " /'\ l'- I ‘ ,y 2 _ R. _ . fl .' J ‘ .. i _I ‘ k” ‘ ‘ 1 1“ 3-‘ t .- . L' a: . I J (3 '1 A I ‘5 l‘ f" 1‘ [ l ’ A; :— r- L - - ’ |'_ i .- .1 ...... . r - ~ - . ,. w -..1 .1~‘\ e 1 wine-91-9 29 ud ‘ “ ' 9-3 .. 7 r- 1’ , ‘..‘« e r ‘ . ' ’ h r“ 1.. " -- r c “ r‘ ~- -. 1 - . ..- 1, J1 --J . 2’ . - .' J Law qfi'liirj-J. -‘ _I- p P r‘ "‘ l I a ' .- ',1 If 'x r .- - - ~, (N _l I). .. 1.1.2; :2.) ..' .‘ltil‘ -711: 1.- “: 1' l.*.1"‘-/" ' ..-.1 '- a. -r , 1' 4-'. . a n' n' '1 “'1 1:”, 1.21 - J wfij 1.101) “x.“ .‘I J~~J 11'.."_)1?:J "1.. u --!.j (:1 jfin‘m . :6 '-. _4: ' . . _. - r- ' -' 'MILJ. ‘11 1-1.31-1 -16.. in. 1!. 1' "/1 L 19.1211. ‘ L: 1\.Ji [IOLJIQLS 0‘} "~ I l ) \ ‘n—I , I‘ w, . rr" .3 ’1 .1 C3 L3 (1‘1 V“: v no1jsiosiqefl um1j jjnq nmum on .-. , ..,, " z'T ' .. .- o J‘Ll ‘ .-'l.i'3':.4 \ o EjL-‘Ifl \ \ZILJ Ll H‘Jii‘. S .XMnm-.3311115m 1 11) auxxvai {NJIJZLmr31q smmj :13 5031112 Chi} 0191‘ {WLLpELWQ . ..., , 4‘, ‘1. .r - l . ~ . .. o" I—\ r' r v I ' .0» - a .4 ..I:Jk.i_.'._) LJC‘ { C.) ‘ (H.131. L..- .,. -‘ .J .1413 Lifib 53:71.1; ’ILJC (T f L d 131711) Ephiwa tux? 27c- Q 1;) “c:£ 1:-_t, \tya:_ _Inrij CA1 P 1._L‘:7: I 311 w{ & €11szjfio 1311:); ‘ -4 k-l .' f ‘7‘ 5.3701: OJ 9’ | EIL111M15’1) n1 1c1jnuqu 1&1u31 3 y13fl11 (was (3.11.711. floss IO] M1510 asn115118 ‘1113‘11’571 :uagso 'l.‘ *. ~ ' I'm \ . Y r. - 'I‘v” \ ,91301 ..1 5 f auh 2;jJa.JOD ‘d 111w BIJJj 9 a 1 $3;91:v:;;, [Ii 911:1 \971,C)ALI)“1_4[;"[ .5915 911.1 .H ' ' ' '- ""' “_L k) C,__ L).A.,‘11. D— I K. r—- '4 If! .IJ D H 0 I'\ V. 7 C {—1 C 74 - ' -1. 3 - . . . f: , . 1 ,,N.. . . .. .41 .1 L4 9324: 1a.; d21dw an01a1oub \J .811«y” I L .1 - 11' .JhueJ P '~._ , [L1 2’15;th j _‘0 f. I} 1"" w; r_'_ a l . - .-J L: svn1 snj 5V11 J fixed a s_ -_ r h - v-- '- ' A v - ' - “‘ I'v" V ' I r P. ' :3 fiESIOja 1951111191 orum eybd 9w DILULL . - 1 * ' . .. , - 1...: . -..- . .-' .. C r —. (‘ £1331. L.~'f"111._,,II.n(1 111123;). :’_)V"-ii:_{.r-JI ‘HV ..iJ II" , L. . _x .. -- . r.--.';'-.- ....- - -: - 1,; c Snymyxte euwni 3w CM; ‘en1jj;r1usz 140-1303 1h1¢16 4;;u! .0 ~. , ,_ t‘ . - .. L t ' .. . '. ' $1111.13, 1., . 21 dial 1;. 1:1. [Uzi SJW 1111..-; ... . r (:1, n 111,-: ~13 (:1) )1 1 1.1. I; ‘-'J 1111311 ‘i‘N Lin-Jim... . L. " -J,« - .A ,:4 v r r .I ( - — o ’ x ’- " ~ ‘ tr 7 r '- -\ r‘ ~'.' ' 1L1] ,.J \,,’II;.;J 115,: J v/ $1er> L- - ..l‘ \- C-o v"-l 3J1 f-) :1 r I1~ —)'~-1 Ls.) 91.3 5} ll) ijLL'AJ 61 11. What is the overtime wage rate? Time and one~half. 12. How much full time labor do you have? 12 men 1 13.“ Defining the activities: Please read through the following activities and make necessary alterations.u - Grain Elevator Receive Truck 9- This activity includes weighing-the truck, sampling the grain, moisture test, dumping the truck, storing the grain (includes leg and distributor use), clean- ing the grain if necessary. If ear corn, the shelling process is also added. The buying activity is also included. The grain is then stored, dried, or sent directly to the terminal or processing plant. (In the case of beans, storage is according to grade and are bagged' when they are sold.) i_ Alterations: Always dried before stored Drier é- If the grain is wet, the grain will be dis- tributed to the grain drier, then carried by auger to the leg, to the distributor, and then to rail on truck or to storage. H Alterations: Stora e -- If the grain is stored, costs of aerating, innocuIation and heat checking the grain are incurred. The grain is then used in feeds or merchandised. That is, the grain is distributed to the feed mill, rail car, or truck. Alterations: Loading out Grain'4-'The grain is distributed tO‘I rail cursor truck. .This includes preparing the car or truck and adjusting the spout to load. The loading process is also included; Beans are bagged and then sent out. Alterations:” emijxuvo adj ai jsfiw .ii 5 'I’DCIIJI. sx*" IT:JLJ;n v4(>.i . S.[ .81 LL H - jog sfij uniniied (1.1 95r~1flss Dariivijrmszxytmalloi suL3;ignoxflj mevx gasolq .naoijstsjls visaaeoen c~ivro1-{zii£'fij LAY} 1mi3k1.uv aoiuif u_\gTLVIjus c1337 —— ;“;rWT cfofin \fiouzj = j puLgnUw ‘jaaj 93u3;icn .aifijp Cd: puli;flsa .AQUIJ “iniq ‘{\ U IGijiWJvib :.5 pal 5-.Ul“fl[} njsjp cdj pfliioja EVLTLlinia {L3 ‘zrn31 13x; 11 .3’H~ae val 1i.;1i: 19 art} pfli .beiuioni chi; ai ijVLjus yfiilba v.“ .:.L1‘ CELL 8i aasoozq euj Lj gijenlifl jnwa IQ .L;i1b .U'irfi; gwnj oi nisxp EMT cpsiojs .'nt»; is 1 so 933 ml) .j;yig pajaa«pqu IO lsnimlsj (.510; ”Mm ”snj n4.w tcprsu 31$ fins misip oj pmitiooos ai Oi Oi 'IGEULS IO HUUUJ no 1. $1-1 ""' “.I'fl'rrff'fi 533 03 Lujudiij jaib ed: 03 ‘pcl .epszoja {Liliip :9f mnfij \xgilb 51g VLHb .1ojhdi1 - P! r l.- '4 - r14 ' K -. 972‘.) -1 I") I , ruinirh. -f ,j .QHIJLIDS C aiaoo .foloja “i al.1p adj -- edf .Lrixuonl 915 arsip :dj painuedo icon has HCijblUOOflfli ed .ai jLHT .Lea ignfiQXHfl 10 L 091 a; 32m nedj at fliBIE n—J h- hgjlxiiijajzp 10 353 lieu s 03 basigtoUIj @215 ai .fiuu rflHa \ilin £091 snj OJ he. fifij PI r? F1 21: 3011 q Eff? H‘ Jdiijaib ai nifiIP )— :zaflf~?i*FfifH§I:§ ... ,_ ' 1 . ‘| -." ._ . . ' ” .. at .LLIW J 21y: —— :: :nL) JL”‘ TTLFNILMI _m_mr.- _~w__nm_i_ '1-1 3;;fi11'3'11 514i .Liuirij 1C) 3133 s! on. .incl oj juoga edj puijeuttb I; «3 :4J» Engwxi 315 EWUMJd .fuflflJanl 62 Producing and Selling Feed ~- This activity includes re- trieving and preparing the corn and other ingredients, e.g., grinding, elevating to overhead scale, mixing, elevating to bagging bins or overhead bulk bins. If the feed is bagged, included are receiving the bags, bagging into 50# bags, and storing in warehouse or loading on a truck for delivery. Also included is the delivery of both bag and bulk feed. This consists of the loading process, taking the feed to the farm, and returning to the feed mill. If the feed is received from the home plant, transportation of the feed from the home plant to the model elevator is included along with the load- ing and unloading processes;~ If the feed goes directly from the home plant to the farmer, costs of the salesmen are the only costs which are incurred. Alterations: Selling Sidelines -- Includes selling the item to the customer and loading it for the customer or making the delivery as the case may be. Alterations: Grinding: +¢ Includes retrieving the grain from the dump pit of the feed mill or from the elevator, grinding, bagging (bulk) and loading on to the custamerls truck. Alterations:' 1 Rolling Grain -- Same as grinding ‘Alterationsi' Grinding and Mixing -- Mixing process added to the grinding activity. 'Alterations: Shelling Corn -- Dumping ear corn into the dump pit, conveying to sheller, storing, bagging, grinding, or loading into truck are the processes which are included in this aCtivity. Alterations: ,__ .-” ' s‘ ,3- ..T.:' C. ' ‘ -" " “1‘ —;1 .iijntwmr ‘z‘w.1Jus c ;52 -— ;sf:133 siLer.§4=m ncj u”* _q ..g.9 .éjycin~wpri :wfijo L"n H1_; :.3 shinn231; Lns LniuAIJJ c:J {"(EjljJCW'CJJ-i’ \‘;;z}_yhi.n ‘-" i 91.3 3C) 8.15 is 1133 iniuJei tn h I I u +—«' ,1 1' I I ‘1 8‘ ,x \v H' In F I fit" ) I I » r "I n; ,I ,— I F“ ;_ . ‘._ :f t-U' E ,- I (‘l L; ’7‘. I ... -- r_ , r. ‘ '_- t..- N '_ n.-. -. . - . : “,J “1'- . w~t . .r 1t11nJJJLJL>-e-JJ1J Jrzx.iq :umni on: ?-~ .w N:'- x-er- i T-E..¥ ”1 .mv, '.'~. .. - HLvAJL 2v“: H: [J inpgif, ,ves.i\u.1 dl. 1r?.;;u1e\ iui.yu 91;} 03 LNIsic; m, . '1 .. 4.-...- 2 ,. .. r n 3‘- _ . -... . 'r. - -. ' moi- iiJJ-1in (ML? Just GJJ ”I .agceaoolq painsolnu Lns par (an: 3:; rum? Jiua :q1J IC):%'BOQ ‘71 1:: ‘an OJ ersbq srwni CdJ ; TJUiJmI are “515W aJsou vino K; ZE‘Wi+F*“fiIA ————-—-—— « V ~ 0 J ' ’-- J I“. v z . w -- » i r _ _ l“ 4" . - i gllfij (J;f rT:.J_L L Tu; 1-..; l .13.: cdz‘thL-L.)ll_! g. .1 .. J. .J b r”. 'r W"? ~- >'-'~- ".‘r '4 ~, 3 I ~ '.' ' 1.; p Lg“, 13 I JL-LJIJsmu, LJJ J: p inhQi L q:’.:L-'b 91H mutt? misery sufJ [snivoi'ijoi autxuionl —- :f.‘f";'[.r_'r:'*.i'_'f-r) pnippsd ..niiniip \IOJBVGIS adj nvii 10 iii? Joni Uh; Jo Jig .AUUJJ a'IcmoJaso 9 fiJ 03 no triLL\I has (Xlud) D'v‘ onrv‘NL (: ‘4 A 0(11gI-‘.‘ “WK-.4 I 1“.--“HH— .. __..._V——-— Inibmijp as g:¢3 -— misgfi rmELLoq .——- ~ ...—__—'-—-'——_.—-_--«‘-— ~fl ff" fir‘“ K'AJ :‘-i1 .{1’5 1.1..Iizl". a {J CTJ fwaiv?,a a=a¢r:CJI.g . 1_r:.i 4 —‘~ 1 :7 (Fifi irv~; r E’ " 3‘?) r H I; .- —L . - r ' '~ u‘ ‘ “ I N '- '.' Aral \' I ArJC) Jig gnho 9J3 OJHL nioo IBU paid uJ -- lch ffiiiiwtu parisol 10 ‘pnibmixn ‘gw;rucd .pnllcia ‘Teilt;s o; pnigsVHOD - ' ' \ ' < '.- I “-s v r - v, .r -‘.- 4 ,' -~ H ~ h ’ . uJ n1 bnrnlumi JJs yJLJN aw soJOJg uL: 91s AJUIJ 0301 .._L' '— .XJLVlij '1‘ u/ 3"! N ‘JFA; 63 Loading_0ut.Fertilizer -2 If the customer picks up the‘ fertilizer, only the loading process is included. 'If.the fertilizer is delivered then the loadingitranspertatiOn, and unloading processes are included. prdcesses also enter into this activity. Alterations:- Receiving and storing "If necessary, add activities which have been omitted and explain the processes associated with each. 4 .A t 14. Machines and equipment -- A. l Drier auger & motor Equipment Capacity Motor Sites Est. Annual ' " “ (Spec. units) HP Repr. Costs Elevatoré ~ -2 Truck hoists & motors 5 Hp - 5‘ $100 3 Distributors‘ 10 hole -1 Aeration system & Rholfe 7 1/2 100 motor 1 Hot spot system Rholfe 100 4 Legs & motors 1000 bu/hr. 7 l/2 ea. 400 3 Legs & motors 2000 bu/hr. 10 ea. 300 .2 Qleaners & motors 1000 bu/hr. 5 ea. 200 l Cleaner & motor 1500 bu/hr. 7 1/2 100 1 Moisture tester Motomio 0 Sampling device -0- . 30 drying l Drier & drier leg 1500 bu/hr. 15 cooling 300 _1 1/2 fan 52 1/2 tot. 1500 bu/hr. 5 50 , ,1 ’r. ,_ .. g.-. ..1 - f "‘ 4 - i ,. f -1 ...r _ I“ a .T’F', ( ..Vi f ‘Y x 'CZIJ‘- .‘Lj' _ -- r r“; (-l 1-17 J’f’(_) {‘Jfrf F'NT O _ -- - ._.___....._.I‘_. _ . - 73‘1” ‘ L I. :- r. \- q - - I . 3 j *1. . 1 Hi 7.'i c 1 Quit-W -1 I; -a .3 1.: \iLiL- ‘ i-)_ll£J-I:‘ .1 '. L—-~ f..- ._ .... ‘ iv - { ..' .: .-..- -,'-L ’, ,.— y ._ ‘ r, '.. ,' - ' '3 ‘51....rn1. 11):...mt $1} 1~f'..ll..‘.r (3'. {dug .1: 1h: .2-) ,f. ' .1 I._L.'.‘LJ Ezi ZSSLIIJI‘J r . ' ," 1' r‘ -. f‘ . or ‘- ‘ - .: ’-~ ‘ . ‘ I r . '\ \. — r - "\ '. r~ ' -~- .~ ~ I .' r ". r; If ide 1):.» {2:1l‘.:’_i‘_-C‘.fl~“. .I.-:,‘.'..:LJ_L.-..‘-L[ 1? ..."?~ dU.-;t.t:J'JU1\J Ehiuf-L/ 1'.” x v I I 'r ~~ " ‘ "\ : ,;- r‘ —v '. ‘ -r .- ; x‘ . r‘ I . l - r— ". , f“ * ,‘ .‘.=-T_:".7_._._'Z)b 5.1.;3 'xhjig". L'-‘J;1‘.>' (”£1-53 cijciczflodikl zeaoszwefiffl i‘r'r,‘ ,,- ' .-.fi—: 1.7/3. ,—' 1.1.“.- '.’- . ,~.... . 7‘ :JJI w John J in thufl ayijiJljJn L56 .gjnaecoen ll _, - - - _ ..1.... _ ....._ _. - _ I __._....-.._.._ ---..- - ...... _- -..—.....- -..‘_--—.....-_ _—__——-...-— - r L i A . . ‘ I J Y | ' I _ )- oJ Ca "4 - ‘J\’ Lu: ‘SI‘ ' J15.1’1,.L¢ E131 1H s c' (-1.,, ...w " 1 A _\ _ 1.. - o x v 1“] :Jojsvcifi a s aJaio inniT S V 5 - J F ‘1 {t} I» .1: ("J R) F 0 ya I“) t— \ '— If LL #3 Li 0 y. (“1" L.._ L "\ ’/ IL‘ 4 L‘ ..J k..- "2 rAJ 50 I; (.4. ‘r x: 'v 5") y—fl :) s (4. L 3 L H .‘ p, '5) |-—. 00% .se S\i T .1d\ud ODCL alojom s sped b 008 .59 Cl .1d\bd 0003 aicjom s sped c Dug .53 8 .1d\ud 0001 afojom 3 arsnsoiD S u.i S\i Y‘ .1fl\ud 0061 Jojom a THMIBQID I —U— ngvqb pnjifimsa O I ) pqigjb E El .Jfi\UJ 008i p31 Ieirb a IQiIG I 0C6 pniiooo ( nsi S\i V .ij S\i 35 Al C" (‘J (“J O «I C LJ r ‘n (N ( J' F- L42 L) L}- P. J l4 f—| 5., A If“ r: U ) —-§ —V H L. H 64 Equipment ”ubapacity Motor Sizes Est. Annual A (5980. units)" HP Repair Cost: Additions: 1 1001‘coaveyor belt 2000 bu/hr. 5 $200 3 Aotomatic scales 10 bu 150 geedIMillz 2 Mixersfi&'motors. 5 tons 30 ea. 100 l Mixer & motor 2 1/2 tons 15 50 1 0rinder a motor 20 tons/bu 75 200 4 begs k motors_ 1000 bu/hr. 7 1/2 ea. 400 l Molasses blender 5 tons/hr. 5 50 2 10 hole distr. 10 hole 0 hand bagger' l Mixer leg 5 motor 1000 bu/hr. 3 100 2 Hopber scales: '100|bu.x 1 Truok hoist & motor .7 HP 7 50 1 Truck hoist & motor 10 HP 10 50 1 Floortscale 2000 lbs. 2 Platform scales 1000 lbs. 1 Bulk truck 6 tons 400 1 Corn Sheller & . motor 600 bu/hr. 25 50 Fertilizer: 1 Bulk Fert. loader 1000 lbs. 200 . '. .. .' L _ ‘ _ ' {u V J ...L "--r J- ‘ 5' ' -" J 5;:2l01'»; LL' :«Ll - W _ ’ - fl ‘ ('—:¥'.‘.1; D * 1‘ _ -..—.....- _.._'__.._____._._...__—-_ ........_ _...___.-_._ ‘5. -- r H ‘ ; :aaoijiiiJX -*fi\Ud 0931 $131 IUYBVHQD ‘001 1 b -\ >3. 1’?) H 331593 Dijbmojufi 8 :111M bee? r- t -‘ j '— ‘r ,r‘ —'L .- " I". - I‘ “’4' «'ifxq.) i Ci.J.J..-’.—:"l A cie‘iin. S amoj S\1 1 jojom 3 19x13 1 P.) C) C?) .J\amcj CS Iojom 3 lebnilD 1 .1u\bd 0051 2:9503 3 aged 5 :mj C 1:3fl31d 8“83L10M 1 V) 9101 C1 .1381b 9101 O1 legged band 0 .Id\ud 0L31 Iojom g 991 IexiM 1 .ud _l C) H 891538 qugcn S QH Y iojom a 3810M flouuT 1 QR 01 IQJOH a jaiod fivulT 1 .ad1 0003 91533 10013 1 .211 0031 Re1eoa mxoijs1q S 8003 a £3013 x108 1 3 19119da HIOD 1 . ui\1hi CnJJ rojaxn :1331111195 .aQ1 CCDi lgiboi .jlaq £108 1 65 Equipment Capacity Motor Sizes Est. Annual (Spec. units) HP ' Repr. Costs 3 Endless belt conveyors 1 Truck scale 35 tons 200 1 2 ton truck with hoist 2 ton 1 1 ton truck with hoist 1 ton 0 1/2 ton pickup Additions: 15. Other information needed includes: . Receipt data for grains for 3 years . Feed sales data for 3 years . Sideline sales data for 3 years . Income from services such as grinding for 3 years . Labor utilization data UlnBLUNH The above data with the exception of mixing and shelling data were obtained by the researcher from the records of the model firm or from a secondary source. Data were not avail- able for the mixing and shelling activities, so they were eliminated from the model. _ ‘ — — — ‘_.l— - ..- ‘- —.—- ——‘_-“‘*‘-"fl * - V _ “F:- —v*—— - ' C-fi ~— --—-.. l -\.- .; "‘ - 1 c 1’ J\J 14‘ A X"""' t4 _J _ 1.1-: _;. ' y— l “r I r' F V t ”1.! 'r . ~— J F v [ "-"‘ ru' ' ... _j‘ , C 4’ :_‘:.Ln 1 L E ‘ v r uloxgwno) I i" \j 3 f - '- ’ r'w J: 1 (mi. L1- Olk'-a )VWUIL [1712'] £31111 (103 S 1 Haj 3 Jaiod djiw jobij noj 1 1 noj 1 jaicni cufiglq no: S\1 0 :anoijifiA zeoluioni buff/eon (101.31 em“; 07? n i “iorij O . C 1 axsev E 101 amislp 103 Fst jqiooofi sissy E 101 sjsb eelra two? 0 W F“ ajsev E 101 sjsb aslna enilobifl .E EIEWY E 103 paibnijp as Home assivxsa moui smoonl .b sjsb noijssiliju 100ml .8 pai119fia has onixim lo noijgooxo efij djiw bjsb BVcds 9H1 eflj io ablooei edj moai 19d31fi9891 ed: yd Lunisjdo slew sjsb —Iisvs jon 979w 5153 .931002 vjnfiaoasa s moi} 10 mil} 1ubnrz 313w yemj oa ‘aaijivijos pni11ofla has pnixim adj Io} 91d5 .13Lom odj moxi bej;nimi1a APPENDIX B THE DATA oomN. \wucou cow.A oov xosuu xAsn A . ..oIAIo- luauudAt N OAIOn nooAh A voaIsn men.» on . hovel van quAonm suoo A mAvAoo. \ >ond on alum 00A haves and uqus xosua d \mAmAvAoo. \mwo>OAd an Clam . ooA . naval and uuAOn xusha A o QOAQOO Hummer N \NAnAvAoo. \Ilo>ond In Ildm ooA uOuOI can uOA MONA! A . . . o uuousnAuuuAv 0A0: oA N 032.. .33» emaiN. . on 3:36. Icahn?! .0 «AvAoo. \AA l>ond at 054m - noun cOA nuance and noon v mvmaooo. \fluzo oNA MON . ooN. . .uovOI 68d noueAu0.A \oAmmmao. 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II .53 OOH mcHHHosm m0.0 . m0.0 mm.om Om.OO O~.mO cos mam emtz mcHHHmm OHHO0.0 OOHO0.0 HOOHH.NO ~OOOH.~O ¢~.OO nos stm emxH: mcHHHmm OmHHO.m OOHHO.m NOOOH.Om NOOOH.Om OO.me :09 may: mcHHHmm OmHOH.O .mmHOH.O mmmmm.mo NOONO.NO O0.00 cos smmpom mcHHHmm mm.OH mm.OH mq.mOH me.mOH OO.O~H cos msomcmHHmomHz mcHHHmm ~OOO0.0 mmmom.n mmooH.em OOOOO.¢m OO.~O :09 mumHeeoe mom mcHHHmm mOImH . mv.mH - mm.mm mm.mm OO.NHH cos ucmEmHmmsm mom msHHHmm NFOv0.0 NONHO.O ONOmO.HO OOOO0.00 OO.OO nos mumHmeoe mupHsom OOHHHmm mm.OH mm.OH _mv.mOH mO.mOH OO.ONH coa pamstmmsm mansom OOHHHmm NOOOH.O NOOO0.0 mommm.m¢ OOON0.0H OO.Nm cos mpmHeeoe mmmm mcHHHmm OO.mH OO.mH H~.OO H~.OO OO.OOH ace ucmsmHeesm owmm mcHHHmm ~OOOO.O NOOB0.0 OHOOm.mH Ommmm.me OO.~m cos mumHeaoe muHmo mcHHHmm NOIVH NO.¢H mm.Hm . mm.Hm O0.00H s09 ucmEmHmmsm muHeo mcHHme OOOOO, OmOOO. .mnH OOH mmH>mz ecHHHmm a use ecHemoq OOOOO.I OmOOO. .mbH OOH xme mcHHHmm O use maHemoH ONOOOH OmmmO. .sa OOH mumo maHHHmm O use mcHemoq ONOOO. 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III I I V 80 .mna ooa mmmom.~ \dmrwmmm cmmomn maflum>flamo omIm .mnH ooo.H ooooo.aa \mH ammuImHsn mcflum>flamo ¢~Im .sa ooa ommom.oa \mHImuoo mcflaamnm mmIm .mnH ooa mmmno.a II. \FH mcflmsonmumz “mum .mna cod oommn.o \mHImxomm .aHIooa mcflxomm omIm .mna ooa ommma.a \ma axoMm .nHIom mcflxomm mmum .mna ooH ommmH.H cmmu cwmomn mcflxfiz «NIm .mna cod mnmom.o cmmm xasn mqfixfiz mmIm .mnH ooa mmmmo.o cflmum mcflaaom mmIm .mna ooa ommqa.o A.mc .sn ooo.av Aoommm.ov :Hmum guano Hmum .sa ooo.a ooooo.aa II pawns «0 wmmuoum sump mcoq omIm ovmmm.va mmmmh.~ \mmlmmcflamuflm mxasnIHsmm mcflcmoq mHIm mmmpo.m oooow.o \wa mmcflamuflm mxasaImmc mcflaamm mHIm .mna ooa moom¢.a \ma umccflum Ilno HomEHHo Eoum xonuu CH mmmn cmaaflm mcflumoq palm .mna OOH hmmam.o \NH mmaonmumz scum xosuu ca mmmn vmaaflm maficmoq mHIm .mnH ooa ommmm.o ommm xasn wcsoum spas xosuu mcficmoq mHIm .mna ooo.a ooomo.m~ cflmum spas umo mcflomoq «HIm .mna ooa mmmoo.o Hafiz ommm :fl mum>mam mHIm .sn ooo.a oomma.n II “mo 0» cfimum mum>mHquso NH.& .53 00H hovmm.v I|\HH amm>umnIcoc um CHOU Ham @856 can mum>mHmIcH HHIm .sa ooo.a Hamem.na \oa umm>umnIgoc um :Hmum Hausa mean can mum>wamIaH OHIm .nn ooo.H pnmmn.v~ \m umm>umg um anum Hamem menu can mum>mamuca mIm man a mnmmo.o \m moan .QHIooa mumam mcfi>flmoom mIm moan m mamao.o I moan .nHIom mugfim mcfl>fimomm nIm m¢mmm.¢aw ommmm.o \uImmcflHocflm mxflsnIfiemm mcfl>flmomm oIm mmmno.~m oooom.o \o mmcflamnflm axasnIaoc mcfl>flmomm mIm .sn ooa ommmm.o \Mxosuu an moan umaaflm mcfl>wmomm ¢Im .sn ooa omahm.a \wumm>nmzlcoc um choc Ham mcfl>wmomm ml@ .53 ooo.a ommmm.~a lumm>umnlcoc um aflmum Hanan mcw>wwowm NIm .sn ooo.a nmomo.o~ \m \Mumm>ums um :fimum Hamsm mcfl>flmomm HIm HMGD .GHEIGME 05G mmIOOMm . I.OZ unmsmuflsvom . I I . -_ wmmooum \m.mmmmwooum;aafi24600m can Houm>mam camuw Ham uvcwfivuflavmm HQAMA .mh manna .II. NQNM I‘IIW‘ III \ I C:@ HHHZ Gumm Tam HOumrKIJHH wwww “...; m” 715..” -...HI... 41 Bound .r... .Hmvrfl..H-m .HU 33A :Hmwm HHnsw :Hmu© HHWEm \ L U U I) I—~ < H (.‘I (~ '. I . I- L . I . II . . - unHHUUH «JHLMI u T;Hr1I3 “H71 :‘QLEQH i9;5*iu* 3K3) ;Vfi”£3 f;fi"hw»£fl :Ufuaijftififfi) bfidxuaswfi \E Jagjjgf.ran Iagxo iifi .awiufi Jfifij 9ijai;n was Lunpi9w _ .i—q 301 aa mafia adj 515 .S-‘I jcft RE :fiwee Enfj ‘TIL tutoijtnnuaqu \b A . r. Md gum? iuUQq—JC 101 915 535d \5 j j?ib bung 2A .EGSLB pfid 19d: .j£:>*gI“EmI,osua cfii \3 , x.“ a,” 1‘. -,,. f a) LLJLI E hdh LeLiLaablo afri*’ flfij (v3 339m301iin*91 Ramomiq I‘ v v v' -- r- . xv '7 --v . ,—.I -~. I 9712-; r.’ r. .-..‘j I 71;. _ LL z: is; IOfibi efij To sxyn atw nj5* 15i£m1; .— .. 2,. .. , 1-. ,‘ . “A. .'_. ,. ,. 1 ,M bios 313mb {in cimQ¢mth OJ n-aw@1 afimoota .a; 4 H-h (4. L1 ‘T. h 1 I}: (N L—l 7' L D L L, ]- ¢ 0 ... W t—« \- f- r ‘ ‘J ‘,_ y r r _) l- a \-l \ I ,. ) Q» ‘ ‘ -\ “‘ ‘ r‘ ' 4 ‘— g‘ ‘: v . V I ‘ -‘~ ‘ - \ c w, ,- r: I ; w r. 'r ‘6 f .-‘ , :- -EI;437L{ leJLL?a‘fLLLLIuLU33 c¢)1uJ~a u ‘13,); £3 to 3L0 ~' "I C“ r r ' --- ‘ v v x V r , -7 A " ‘ ‘ I- I _, . "x 9;;1 .LJrFQLh3chb «1.¢J 4&1 j )IJF», q r. . ,4”: ‘le n;4 ‘(J 3 41() j .~-'- ~L“!: _ -.‘J J 1'- \. \_, 4 \ v‘~ K (J I“ ‘ . - (1": H 1;» ,_. 5:4 D-fi ‘-A 0 373; :3 Q d U‘. (I) '\ y }_, . (N p; '2 v ‘\ Ir": /\ (_f I [x 7 1“) L—U (x U ( i-—-. "1 LL- H 1‘ I l I Ulfi-a . ,J I 1. L- \— J! L.) ,— i ,_ A | t— A ' \ C" "L, 915 rjvfl .fifivuzag at auafl inflow (UL ECTU 'C {fit Luzltq \9 O A 1 k. _+ ’7) r'" ' 4. {I ‘, ( b' O h L LI H a VKTYD x”; -‘] “1C3; 25 9515.9. J L4. 0 C. O (4. *3“ (g, :3 T? h' ,‘l \ L; U" f‘) ‘4 (l “v :j N 4‘ , U ‘ 'n h ‘.. F“ H U! I.) M *1 ~ " -- ' ‘ rfi .' r f‘ .- 1" - " ‘I f , 'r--~'v' -‘ \' - I. ~ . ' 4‘ L‘1)J I",'_‘ ‘3‘ j L}: I) 1",“\J i 'l. :"."‘N|L . ,"_ .‘ ‘.} ”1L"- f.) C; I. V;:.’ _I ~) {I- X‘TJ'A—‘HJLI‘1J A \"v‘, . 1 ~ "1 71;?! ;. g3 \,"‘.‘ »: 57-}: égn; r_ j [muffins-3 :15 as gfifig Jfij 91 O? Mfiwvwsu 915 HAW”? LL31 L45 9312 WEI? \; ’\ f’ ‘ ‘l—i 103 ' I) (" .‘-, o~ ‘ ..- ' .. -. A [ .u: {.Frl a: 9A£d wa I", ‘ I ‘1 \- K s V ( +- I .1. L, C . f r— f__ 5 a ‘J + I V m M H .‘ r1 1 r—q I \ h ’3. I p-q ‘ C‘ I, I In: L. f‘ \ y- ~w . x L U l (‘3 VV1 ‘-1 \ \- J (L ”K V ;V L- h. I; p. --‘-Q I (fill J L1 'J ' 'J ~13 M L“ I L- , 1 J / a ,. i- ) 7 w I‘ J J J d w ‘ N I ) ._ l l u- I" ‘7 '-L 1 W " . __ "fl ‘ "‘ f - "5' g Y F' 9 : 'f’ ' r“ l f f w '_ -1 “ l d I q .:;.~.[U OJ..\ 1‘: ,I 2', 23 x» LI.» 1m» 4‘11; VI;-I_ . p ..a - -1' f-« - r r -. —~ a I ' V - x - r ~ - 4 .- i 1 ,. r‘ 5 W 1'1 131.57) D L; A L" . )x'FH "' x. 1‘ I '" 1:1 U “1 r- 11' ".‘q 5; . 4- 4. 82 Table 7B-. (continued) 13/ y W firfii size of 500 pounds. A schedule was worked out for other sale sizes. An analysis of sales tickets revealed the average size of sales for specific activities. A fully loaded hand truck for transporting bags from the 5 machine to the truck was assumed. The relevant unit is the weighted average dollar value of : sale per year derived from sample data. The requirement is a ratio estimate derived in a manner similar to P-5. Items sold are assumed to be carried out by customer. Footnote 13 applies except loading is by elevator per- , sonnel. Batches of 500 pounds per cart load moved 60 feet are assumed. n ‘ The coefficient shown is for sale size of 500 pounds. Assumed distance from packing to warehouse is 60 feet. Assumed distance from warehouse to dock is 30 feet. One person's time is assumed to. be fully occupied in . operating Sheller. H W \_ _2__q/ The average distance traveled is assumed to be 10 miles one way carrying 3.25 tons of feed. ‘ . . s Data are adjustments of coefficient requirements of P- 29. T '1 L:- l ‘ d. sic .8? v..- ...'_....— ... ..'_ -~-~_—~. __v---_ ...... 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Aomaamcmv.cn 00H m ommmme. cos ma memomo” ‘ .. ...cn ooa m ommvom. cos _ . ma _ \mvmmvmo. .sn 00H H mucomlcmz ..NUsum upsum newcmm wusomtcmz ; {Nocum - .Nocum memcmx mucmEmHHcvmm .mfica cs muHcD cw mmmoonm mucmamuflsvmm mflcu cs muHcD cs mmmuonm Honmq-+ ,r mswl -- - : M Honda .mocum ummcux ca cmcflwmo ummmmooum we mucmsmuficwmm cons; .mm wanws (”'1 (‘1: ..Tj A. - . . ’\ a. _. . .awcum mbmcmz as wocswoa mammooocm AU mucacccurcnn Harvw .rp 1w: wuflrsc chztcb a 00 A muccficcscvmm mwuu as muss; as mmuuoca . "J L4. :1. 19 Q Li |»-. y‘ '74 (K +14 (13 F. L4. :1 P" {‘0 Ll. *— C ”1 H i L g... {l} 1") '1} 1.1 \. .I .II 1 . . W ‘l . . 1 ...x x _ «I: «l x. .2: .t -.er . \ 1. .. - ..c.u.cn;m C “has.” array n.7r.%.: x r:r- L nc,.:. ‘1'l4'l I I. r V. p :UI‘...’ till: I? ' .II! Inlll'lll'lli." a [/fi If, M :3 O *- .1 . I s ; \ / {H a“? I‘.:1 0’ '1;- (‘3 ‘r- O 0 ' C *4- L" ’3 3 §—. w:. .h? .mmo. Aweshwnwv.ca new m 0 L (”J ) f": .1: F" ,L' ’1’. 0 '“w r4 1: 7‘ r. I if) . C .- “D _ _) it—i r—‘ 'r— r“ H “-.U {‘3 *‘j C) m \K'. (F 'fi/1O 24y2H+sst m.ms¢. n m awm snub a mmmvmo. me ..A W «I .. _ _ I .. " L x ' Aid 0 I n (u b A} \. LI 4' m5 flw 1h m '3 r-S ~1u(ut’ML7H .mecm. .J.p 3: 9n omhooa. Cu; .,,._ L... .....s. be ”my ”embers. m5; H .0 N.:- . .1.fi so am Ohnsva. .C; 03H m 1mm m. 30m .w vovcno. .1; OOH fih any n. has on manna. mwohsstai.c; was Hh m :Hn. nun mm mssro. .Ci 03s as s mass . .na Gas ammo. C ',..—. :‘W L— "T /l O (*5. (”W (‘l {a I) .3 I) 1) '17 m L ) 71 C, \«Li . H+~ ...- -..}..c} .. - - (..1. .. .1... . ,. J . .. ...1 .. .. .-‘_..»... Ha .. . 1., .. A 1 AH.” KC Pruitt w”... 5-55... _ LL Outwitmuutbhé Wimhm.Cs .rCu: wuLU. «WASTE on. HCWQ. Us; 0L FFS. uh mmw. shun? ...LL /.-_r s_.-cu. q-.v .za,u .ch M u-wq-n Nuio.doaca W 1: .I o .. 4‘ .. .V u.|.icl.ll. 1!! all ul'aln:xll4 I-‘l..lxln‘l.|.l! D” was. .mfis mph m .. a: m rmwrs . .mhh ass 3 . - ..2... . .mLm boa. W - - . 1 r—‘ I O n. -L I" (.1 H y ‘ Ou‘ ..r iii/l V! H F“ r"! 84 mmmmHo» ON mmmmHo; ON .DA OOH .>cH .Hw mumo Howmddus mmmmHon ON mmmOHOa On .On OOH .>cH .um mmom ummmcmus mmmOHon OH mmmOHO» Om .sn OOH .>:H .um Haws: cmmmcuus mmmmHOn Om mmmOHO» on. .:n OOH .>cH .um cuoo nmmmcmus OomOOOn . Om OOmOOOn Om .mnH OOH mmH>nz muoum mmmOHO» Om OOmOOOa om. .mnH OOH can muoum mmmOHO. Om mmmOHOn ON .cn OOH mumo muoum mmmOHO. ON mmmOHO. ON .sn OOH whom mcoum mmmOHO. Om. mmmOHO. _Om .sn OOH pawns muoum mmmOHO« ON mmmOHo. Om .sn OoH ccoo muoum II _ II II II .mnH OOH moH>mz mcHscm .. a- I- In .mnH OOH mma mcHssm II II II II .cn OOH mumo mchsm In I: II II .cn OOH mwow mcHscm I- n: I: .1 .sn OOH pawns mcHssm II II In It .cn OOH cuou Hem mchcm .. I- I- :1 .sn OOH ccoo OmHHmcm mcHsOm .. I I: n- . xw u- .mnH OOH moH>mz um: OOH>Hmomm Omsnmo. xs.. H NOHsmO. \s OH.~ .sn OOH muwo no: OOH>Hmomm emssmo. RH ¢.H NmHsmO. \H OH.N .SQ OOH whom umz mcH>Hmowm OOOBOO. \s O.H NOHsmO. xs OH.~ .sn OOH pawns um: mcH>Hmomm emssmoe_ .\H O.H mmHsmO.. \H OH.N .cn OOH cuou um: mcH>Hmomm HONHOO.. O.H OOOOOO.. OH.~ . .mnH OOH me>mz mcHuoum O mcH>Hmuwm mOmHOO« O.H OMOOOO.. ,.OH;m .mnH OOH mac mcHuoum a mcH>Hwomm vmmmsoe .m.H wamwo.. _OH.m .SQ OOH mumo @cHuoum w mcH>Hmowm Ommmsos . O.H HOFOOO. OH.~ .an OOH .msom mcHuoum O OaH>Hmuwm Ommmso. . O.H NOsOOO.. OH.N .sn OOH mamas vcHuoum O OOH>Hmowm movmmm.. HH.mm.m movmmm.. HH.Om.m .59 OOH cuoo Ham mcHuoum O mcH>Hmomm OOmmOO., O.H ~O>OOO.. OHlm .On OOH cuoo..ecm mcHuonm a mcH>Hwomm .mnmncmz umm>umm .mumlcmz umwbummucoz_ muHcD muH>Huo¢ Ummbumm mm mHnms ummbummacoz mm mHnms Eoum .Umm Eonm .ocH ucoEmHHcvom omchocH Hoamq mwmeOOHm IHOQMH. mwmmmooum .muH>Huom an mucmEmHHcvwm nocmH 3mm oHnms o r...“ L. 4.... PM» WI... ‘1... H....-» 1n.” ...s..........,.OIH .r —.U._r.o ...”.W Jain. .....w I w... ... ..n. ... .114 .vI .“ .3. .. «4'_"‘b-4 .... . 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I 1 1‘1 1 III!“ 1 ir‘ mq.m ¢¢v.mfi w3mg: “mmo.¢a “www.mfl umnfimoma mb.m mwm.¢a ".«.z ‘mur.ma ”mo~.ma Hmn5m>oz m~.m mm¢.ma ¢m~.qa .«m~.HH -mhm.¢fl - umnouoo h~.m oua.ma o>H.ma “mea.ma. mma.ma “masoummm no.5 mmm.ma uo~.md rqwm.oa .¢mq.¢~ nuuams< mm.m m¢o.«a. ~o>.~a qum.mfl .m-.¢a "wash hv.h ,om~.~H. _ .¢.z sowq.aa owm.ma . _ «can mm.> mnm-H mam.aa woaw.ea .;®mm.aa .mmz ~5.m mm~.¢fl mflmn.vfi .Nmm.HH Hmw.mH Hfiumm Hb.w mm~.¢H mm~.ma ano.¢a “mav.ma . noumz vm.p \m_¢vm.a \m .m.z -ums.H -manH-- mumsunmm mmm.fi mmo.mam oaw.~aw _vma.mam mem.aaw aumsamn Hmuoe mo w mmmum>¢ mmma nmma mama. .mmamm nmmm .UNH magma 1:0 5 .W :1 I? *“waz .4 A.‘ -- —L_ .____._____._.——_..—_.______..___k—4 ('11 (“q T? F-I IT," "'v "I? m (‘2! '1'“! (“’3 fl OJ IT‘ 839 T3‘ ..J\. \_)"I 4 .v9 (3 #1 ”.1 FL! f-I (“J H _A.. "ck. ( ‘. _ , v -11» i l : 1:\ I 3 rs?) - 1 r {I : 1 >37 0 O O (‘.I (“I O t." ’t ' [-91 .14 I' _J I I I ’ ’ 1:1,! to (_ L 'f :1 If} ’1 0 1 o. ..’1 ( ‘, in" 0 T T J ' I- v i.' ‘ V) r 1’.‘ '17 L": (‘1 F1 'r1 H g. r: ,1‘ I" - . .1 ...( ‘ ..'_I v“! I k, >7 ‘ ,I . | Q C? II Ifi‘flIC TI‘S m H 0.1 V) TV‘ ’1 1;, L V.’ ('11 Ii‘S u‘tjp 73 h, Q5 Id‘C TE‘flSB ”t7 If) 2; 2T3‘fiIO r ", / I‘A” \_ T‘BS3 V) 213‘} Ugtfi 9 I r”- (.1 l- yAblgub 4 (z .' .g F1 I599 "1 Tqfijfi TY". ~ \Ia _ " .uuwacaowuuoav on» noun coxdu an: ouaowm was? .nua+a coco 6N0» an o» @935... out avoou usoonuaaoouwa no anon 039 \m enucaa no.0 Iofiauomomm 11d» 0:» a“ vaou on. swoon Had tenant \M 0N . ON . .. . u , oom ma . mu . .9 moon .ouwnccowuuosv can scan mm _ mm anana cox.» and nouamwm agony ouoamaou Hauoa no a unoaonmnm Hauoa «o o .nomlucouuom mcwsoNHOH any can vac. wuoamaoo mo ago» coon can ago. uanonmau mo ago» oooa mafia: \H J _ , I 104 N oN.mNN mN.mN mm.mm mo.oN mN.¢N mN.¢N mo.am wo.mn n¢.a monsoooa N oo.mON mN.wN om.Nm cm.NN MN.NN NN.NN .N.Nm _Nm.on mp.o aoaao>oz N up.ma am.¢N mm.mv u~.mN mN.NN mm.NN mv.om Na.oN NN.N nonouoo N «N.NNN.N¢.NN Ne.mm Nm.oN NN.NNIHNN.NN .m.Nm m¢.NN NN.a uoneoumom N ¢¢.¢a Nu.mN NN.N¢ Np.mN NN.NN. NN.NN Nm.Nm mm.NN Na.» unnms¢ N mm.NON vN.mN av.Nm mN.NN NN.NN NN.NN ao.om mo.on an.» mNan N .m.mo N«.NN Nm.¢¢ NN..N NN.NN NN.NN ...oh mN.mN N..N aqua N uN.Na No.mN mo.o¢ wm.mN Nm.NN Nm.NN No.om am.mN mo.h an: N .m.qu uN.uN Nm.Nm v¢.NN no.NN oo.mN wm.Nm «n.0n NN.N Nana: N Nm.qON NH.oN mN.Nm N..NN NO.NN no.mN »¢.Nm a..om Np.» noun: N mN.mm No.mN «o.Nv ao.mN Ha.NN NN.NN pn.mo «N.NN wa.p auununom N ON.mo no.NN oN.¢¢ os.¢N no.NN m°.NN .Nphh "Np.mN mN.N Nunsaun NN aON.N com cam,z ooN , omN My omN ‘mc.N - on" aooa \« Nauoa \m NEW :33 . .58» .86 \m 33. .ouwz muuwwom w, human «0 o A&couv Juno: an uoanm 000m .ona «Haas Amaouv annex Kn mwhmm wwwu .Umh whflma .omHz Muuhnoa mom wa¢m «unma wo m /m .mnou .aflmm .naou .4icm .SBOU .Lficm .fiaou .ammm /M Hmuoa vm oom.H oom cow oom omH omh omo.H omm «och /m hmuoa m om.mm mo.mm oa.vv oa.vh mo.hh mo.Hh mh.44 m4.mm mm.4 mumcamw m mm.mm mm.mm vw.4v mm.mh Hm.HH Hm.HH 4m.mm m4.4m vm.4 Kamcuuwm w mm.v0h mh.mm ww.mm mv.4h no.ML no.mh mv.Hm mv.om h4.m noumz m vw.voh mh.wm mm.mm vv.4h mo.mH mo.mh wm.Hm mm.om m4.m kua% m wh.mm vo.mm mo.mv mm.mh mm.HH mm.Hh vw.om mm.mm mw.4 me m vm.mm Hv.mm mm.vv vm.vh hm.HH Hm.Hh vv.m4 mh.mm 4v.4 mafia m ww.moa v4.mm mv.Hm mh.4h 4m.mh 4m.mh mo.om mo.om mm.m Amen m vv.vm Hw.mm mm.4v v4.mh Hm.Hh Hm.HH vm.mm mm.4w 4m.4 umcmc> m vm.HHH hm.4m mw.mm vm.mh Hm.MH Hm.mh vm.nm mv.mm 4m.m qufiwunwm m w4.wm mw.vm mm.mv mv.mh mm.mH mm.mH mv.mm Hm.mm mm.m uwucuuu m oo.moh mm.mm Om.mm om.4H mh.mh mh.mh mm.Hm mm.om m4.m uwaawoz he.» amm.m moq¢.w mam.¢ umnouoo hm.m~ mmv.e~ MNam.on mmm.¢~ umnsmpmmm ab.m «mm.m wmom.m mwm.a umsmsa am. .mmm imam.a- ,moa wane mm.m wmq.m mmom.a -msm.m «can am.mm «mm.mm Wmaa.mw ham.mm an: FH.m mma.q mHHm.~- mam.h Hanna ae.a «He.a Mace mmo.m nouns mm.m oma.m ream.n_ hmm.¢ mumsunum amm.m nm«.m m WHB¢.o.m .o m savanna HMHOE m0 w GOMHO?‘ -momfl pmaa, .. _wL .m0adm Honwafluumm .UmH magma ”'T"1r{. J‘JA. . m :3 V”? 1‘89 J}; u "L HAL-i J. , r: ' \ . f‘fi 4 I Q] m Ir“. ‘V'.’ ' ' 'JAJUL I1 .I SJ (Y) L”) 1’7 J ’11 W) ,, —") 3’) L") r’.") C‘.) ("'7 C‘J V‘. “) '77 V? 'r l-,) 4 F") 7:: J (‘1 l C.) ("U 01‘ F", (O ’30 ("*3 (‘11 U.) 3 &. T {3 1“ ('11 J; ’"O ("u {o W~ L/ Q.) (73 (0 fl 1 ”1 0.) J) ’1 :71,“ (C) ("'7 m (*1 CO (H (*3 33‘981 ’1 H (“1] S‘QIT 1‘33? (0 {’7 f") ’1 {U ("I . O Hmm '1'? I 3 (‘.J H (‘.J m r 1 4 V) J I d F1 m m ~va F-a up H C“) H (”I '17 0'.) 't’ J A W OJ 1391 1899 r (L: 108 Table 17C. Fertilizer Revenues and Costs. Revenue 1/ Cost 2/ (S/ton) (S/ton) Potash 69 62.73 Urea 43 39.09 17-17-17 Bulk 68 61.82 8—32-16 Bulk 65 59.09 6-24-24 Bulk 60 54.55 0-25-25 Bulk 60 54.55 Special Corn Starter Bulk 90 81.82 Special Bean Starter Bulk 83 75.45 Special Beet Starter Bulk 84 76.36 17-17-17 Bag 4/ 73 66.36 8-32-16 Bag ‘ 70 63.64 6-24—24 Bag 65 59.09 0—25-25 Bag _ 65 59.09 Special Corn Starter Bag 95 7 86.36 Special Bean Starter Bag 88 80.00 Special Beet Starter Bag 89 . 80.91 Mixed Bulk 3/ 68.24 62.05 Mixed Bag 37 73.24 66.59 1/ Taken from the questionnaire 2/ Using a 10% margin- Given in questionnaire 3/ Weighting the mixed fertilizer revenue figure with the percentages in Table 15C was used to calculate these figures. 4/ Assuming $5 more for bag fertilizer than bulk- Given in questionnaire ... . A A liliiG' -\ r1 4 r . 5 H “i . 135309 f; \m. _? Pr... ,. K — ma OI- f 4. hp. \.v ...... < —r1\ ' I f‘. L/ a t ’108 no >1. KM. -‘ -.. 1.. ‘ ‘ ., . I 4-1 ;- IE D J n10” T) d 4 j 013 mViU Cr» \ 1 L, c f .4 4 +7 0. n 6. ._4 993 is I I _I . v‘ ‘ s \.. WI”! H.\ 7;. SJ .. fi\\ .\ J ll. r. . .1 4 15339 J n10“ Ifiji 4 J at): ‘£593 '.‘1 Q '1 -1. L? A 'I 19-fii \\ (a ...; ON. I s l A a . 0 i . n u . g '.n . . I u ‘0 I a ... .. ... i... ‘1 7.1 . fb~ ..ErJ r\. m... CC 0 O S ..(. L: L; ...n. \U P.“ 1... O O O _1, . fi(. 0‘. £51? \1 1 [If 7‘“ ‘, F a. .- ..L A»! ‘A‘- L i ‘— ‘- .1. r. rut r . flag «at 7 a A X, h: f‘ 0 \\ P ‘.u—b 1 I 9 i Ii Si 1 \— ... 1' ‘3 "I "I S‘UII‘D' IUKL} V l djj .aolup 109 magmafim>m poc sumo \M mcoe on m Eoum uno>coo ou coa\mam mchD \m .Euflm mHmEMm mo mucmEmumum mEoocH maswcoz "mOHDOm mm.ma mmm mm.¢v mma.q .<.z mos.e umnsmomm Ho.HH HmH oe.mm mam.m .¢.z mme.¢ umnfim>oz Hm.m oma mq.mm ome.m mmm.~ oem.m umnouoo mm.m msa ~m.mm .<.z mms.m mom.m nmnfimummm ma.m mm me.oa .4.z OHS.H awe swamps mm. m ms.H .<.z mam em mass mm. s mm.H .4.z mad mma mash mm.m mm mm.m .m.z mmn mam.a mm: ms.s mm mw.ma .«.z mao.a HHH.N Hausa em.m mma mm.om .¢.z osm.m -m.m noun: Hm.sa mom Hm.mm .4.z ~se.m osa.m unmannmm mm~.ma mam www.0m \m .a.2m «mm.ew mmo.sw sumsnms Hmuoe m0 m \m mace mmaum>¢ mmma smma mmaH. . mwflmm HdOU .omH magma jghjs IT alOU Lo CQUAGLC \ I 129‘ a; 1; g r2 = .IJJ V-o “I" k) r— - t rra LE. '7"fo . '_'!_‘-,_,‘_, - o ‘13 {O 'a .1- . k ('3 L) m m L‘s.) I "'.J' L 3' .\J I“ 4) \ fi‘fi l ‘ (_1 C) u) m {... m L") B‘QfiO ,4 l“: flcgopa ~.- (7 " l‘fi V7 03 L") Iy\ I; H- ,_ . S‘AEB OJ ()1 f": (1] ‘.J OJ [‘7 o H 'f'tfo .‘4 V: ’11 I’D 1'13 Y' . ’ . 388 113 n m (3 3 n‘v, ( I”) ." .J O o l") /i V‘) J ("U CD If) C!) O V ‘f- 5" “4 . I ‘—1 -. 1 b-\ . CO (“.1 (O m :o . .4 Ff I I‘SIS s‘III s‘ess 2‘130 21‘088 DJ 0.) (U T‘OIS ’11. IA in “a ’1 f”) (O m 7:.) I 4 1 f I"! O x I" 4. 910 $1 0.) CD '31 03 OJ V) \ Ingrh '7 .I_ ‘5 r 7') V) F1 C") {”1 .0 j‘ L) 3'0. V' 9:154 ' ...r4. 0) \l 3 1-7 '3. . . ‘44 (T) (pi (C Q.) Q) 110 0H6 smm.m o. o mm.m cum “magmomo ao.m nmn.m o o mm.e emm umnsm>oz mn.o om~.m o o Ho.oa mas.a Hmnouoo «H.s oem.m o o ea.¢ mas umnsmummm mH.m mmm.m o. o ~m.m mmH.H “mamas «o.m om¢.s o o m~.m mmm.a mass Ho.m .ooo.h ~¢.mv mvm.ma em.va smm.~ mash Ho.m ooo.e wmm.em eso.o~ sm.ma sem.~ mm: oe.oa mmo.m o o ms.mH ev~.m Hausa m~.m vm¢.m o _ o mm.m «we nouns mo.e mme.m o o om.w seH.H mumsunmm we~.oa mmm.sw so 0 mmfl.m \m sen m sumsamn Hares . ..uasuo. ... Hauoa \m mamonamso Hmuoa mmflammsm mo w . mo w no a mammafinm .\m Honuo can mHmOHEmcu .mmflammsm mcfloaflsm you mmamm .Um~ manna _-—‘_.~ —_.-.-.A V“1 _ D O r‘ v“. / m 1“.) CJ 0 r_) 0"] (*7 o.) (.21 O O m ":7 I' , 1 ’ i .‘N -' o; L. 10'le O (D r I' M- w .L (3.) f0 .1 I‘ 163*.) C) -L) It) '33 CO C \ I a "f 'a 1% 13' f\' 49/ (“J 1‘1 {‘0 (ml ’1‘) NZJ (‘.J ”-1 try vn\ v“ 5.1 (“J 10'10 18'13 3°83 F“? I". .1» 0‘ :-~' !-4 “ I}: . a 7, 33 (3° :3 l ‘40 V) C.) H U) ~6- H V 'o O w.-_.-_—__-_._.__—__— _._.__-1 111 Table 19C. (continued) Source: 1/ l I l ................ AA_ .4 A Monthly income statements of the sample firm .Chemicals are a part of all other farm supplies in the records of the sample firm. Most chemical sales occur during May and June. This was confirmed by the high amount of all other faim supply sales for these months as compared to their months. Since chemicals make up a high proportion of the sideline sales in May and aJune, we felt they should be a separate category for :these months.“ 'I v- ZChemicals sales were assumed to be zero all months ex- Foept May and June. Theusales for these months were *assumed to be $22,047 and $18,343, which remained after assuming a sales of $7, OOO‘for each of these months for all other farm supplies. The $7,000 coincides with the lsurrounding months. ’ - In the model, data are divided by 5 to get $5 units. Fl {1 - _—_ ...-Hm.— __ ..1- fl ..__ ...“ pnitua - -i 0 I. 1'} I107] I\ _r_.. M {J T, f,’ .u “a. —J 5]} I". \. ..,, ‘~,._— . ‘.L..4L.! '~';.5 f-’ .1 J “.1531: .1 .4; '11" 112 .Awmh.HHV Hmuoe .Awoa.mv mocmusmcH ucmEmonEmcD Amm~.mv coauMmcmmEoo mumxuoz va.ev <0Hm r mofieocoom Hausuasoflumm mo psoEpHmmwo mumum cmmflcoflz =.muwxu03 coHuUSUoum mo usom umm umou mmmum>¢ mumwoamamg .nuHEm .3 .mflmuo Eoum cmxma \m .mmm mEHuum>o mm mam: m can oEHu mcflma .mhfimccowummsv :H cm>ww \H owamm.m mmmmm.v 141 .ovemm.~ mmmmm.m mommz Hmuoe ume.uu ume.uu ums.uu ump.uu \m muuuwumm mmcuuu ooooo.m _ooooo.~ .omsmm.mm .oommm.m Aw. \m mums - oEwuu0>o uuaommm wafiuuw>0: .Iumdsmom maue uumu osuu uumu maue Husu msue Husu I! .moouz .oou manna Si£ ‘ IL 1 .. 1 :_'b ; {II (J 11': c. A. ,\ I . . a. .— T3 3 m m J ' __J ' 1 ' E“ 1‘1" u. 1 -’ ¢’:‘ ! ’ 9 I 1 ‘ 7-q I! ', i'J ! r " I r-J ' -1:) V.) C) : L," j I '1‘.’ -’1 1:) "L: if) ’C’ 0 t?) L‘ ...“ . "4 m H o, '- i ' V) H c) j ('3. l o I * " I .2 -—-’ 1+ I II 7 {1; I-. ‘ " 2 .‘1 1 5‘1 LL- ! I ' 3 DI ”.3 ‘ I . (U a. L“: r_ .‘J‘ ’ I..] * 1 if: t +J (‘0 O (U P? ri' |>—~. to (“u I“. ,‘ ... 1‘1 ' ("1 in a". or) (v.2 ’1 i ~—~.- '.4 K0 1") (0 ’1 171.. fi 11' 23'83 Hg 1 L. \J :7 : ' '4: m 0 LL; ij L 9'- \: (f‘ ...'GIJ' : I :2? D :3 ." ‘J C» 2 :2 VJ ‘ a} .1 E. g \ B 0‘.— 9 , ' L ..j. t") 11 —- 4 ‘ _. \-' t‘- I - u I ' f l- ' . ,’ ll ‘ - k—+‘ / 7:2 L‘. 2'. ' )4 :3 ‘4’ 0:- r*"' 1"? 0.3 U) A .4 ‘D I} {‘J 11‘ :7! D 'L') v .-. fr. ") 4L- F‘) in #‘m a a »/ (} i": I"? (' 1H r-j '.1 H (.1 ti: ;; I", H— 'r-- P.,”: // ’ O H a _’-- .'J LL; ' ' mm 1 1 I T [1.1 (u .1- 161. Lu .— ). UTQT 1 J I-.. ~.- A- 113 .uovomm mcfiuuw>coo 0:» mm .u30\oma mCHmD \M .manwaflm>m no: mama \m .Euflm mamfiwm mo mucmamunum wEoocH wanpcoz “mOHSOm omm.oa Hma.a .m.z Hmm.a nmnsmoma ~mm.¢a -b.H \m .m.z mmn.a umnam>oz www.ma mmm.H mmq.H vmm.a umnouoo ano.ma mmm.H hwm.a omm.a umnamummm vom.ma mvm~a mom.H mmh.a pmsms« HmH.NH owq.fl mmm.a mmm.a mash mmo.~a nov.H cam.a «mq.a mash oqm.~H me.a mb¢.a mom.a mm: mmm.~a mm¢.H pmv.fl ome.a afluam hwm.~H mom.a bmw.a «mm.a aoumz om~.HH omm.H n¢m.a mom~H aumsunmm Hmm.aflm mam.am wmv.am mmm.fim mumscmn \m .pzo mouum>< hmma mmma .mmamm mcfimafluw .oHN magma 501‘ ‘A ~J 1 L91 v I 31:17 1‘.- a {ITEJS CUM ‘3 13‘ r‘\ 1 I? 91191 wagg 30; L,“ \ \ H . ‘V' . J ..._..____. _uh..- _— 1‘351 I. -1 t-§ w I a 1‘333 ( Y. ) (Y 3 T) '1 IT“, 1‘930 ‘.V 3 ;U¢ UK? 1‘383 C. - $4 (I s; ‘Y‘\'f’ _, f") (V) 1"“1 CU L”) c' 'AJ 1“. L“) ('0 (1) P1 F1 “ F152. fild \ J 13 A l \4 l 1‘9 (“Ll I") I‘fi I‘dso rt} F1] {/3 ('U (V) 4 (’3 V) OJ r -1 {v ('11 f I) fi-j {Q 3I‘qaq r. L1- A" v\ \— h? 9;: - ~1- s‘Z'J- VF 189) APPENDIX D THE RESULTS 114 ...«uuwuuo- sun-g» pu- nauaounon cap \n .unu:0l unabhdg shoe 0:» acauso vounnousa a0: .4 nuoo ulu \fl .nvOAuon uoo>uda unausv auco aoaaa. on. nnunuo non-Clea \m .uOAIS: afloat uuoudoc 0nd 0» coucsou on and: nousuw~ \a .aoauauo- canauwuoun anon oau anew.clio suds) noduw>wuo~ Gnu on. ouogh \m nvmmnuumn an .aflm NOAUO HH‘ HHOm who. m» .aaoqaonu «Hum onsa nae naou «don on.» a» .num unauaasn ago» .u cop .uuwx Haom 0 cos .auou no: flaon can nos .33 non Son 0 sea .aaou .asom “Ham can con. .aasm .33 33 a cop .maou noon «gun on” can .naam «can an.» o . ace .auou and-o Haou can cos x” .nmam aufico ”How oamoa unnvd nomad Hsona vapnfl Hoflufl ono- o..au .naua hvnad onnaa H~¢~H .vao undocfiuu n a «A h. «a m an can mg c an a con man can“: Haom - . no lap” n. oa “a” «on pm .H v. on sea gas: noxflz «dam m «a an nva a” a... an baa ea . o~ he can noun «dew v H mm «Ha an . an no” am 5 a“ va «on nuauoa “Ham mace «hon .honu o o o o o a o o o .nna cod uoa>as «don hug“ N».a o a a o o o a o o o .ona cod use “an. o .H- n~ mod on o .H .u vn an an 5n .sn cod nu-o ”Hon 0 o o c an“ Hon o o o o o a .5n ooa u>om “How a o o o o o o an no non mud aooa .sn ooH anon: ”Ham 0 van nan vo. o o o no. «an o o o .una ooa cuoo Adam o o vva~ sea. a o o o o o o o .nna oou nod>nz ououm o o «ooa us“ o o o o o o o o .9: ooa nun ououm o o o o no” a a o o o o o .sn cod nu-o ououm a so nn~ o o o o o o o o o .2» can axon canon o o o o he ave o o o o o a .an ac“ anon: ououm o o. oo~ o o o o o o o o e .an cow \m auoo ououm owed on.” anon ohm» amp «ca no. «on «an mph «up mo» ..na can nou>aa nan wan can. avoa >s~ o o o a gag add add «ad .ana cod nun sun o ma n~ on «we an «a on «m an «n s. .an cod auao as. 5n no“ men ca v ma on «n no a. a. .. .an cod axon a:- nua flu .«H egg «on coca w. an no no” on“ am” .92 can I anon: a:- o a o o b ca a v v o a «g .sn cog \. cuou an» a:- nun was nan as an add so a.” no odd «ma no“ .nn con auou uoaaonm as. «A. .n. ago new run an. -nw can sun can. oa~ \m nu. uuzucut uonaq on“: .m z. “I m n \b‘ m .m n kn N‘ H nuns: auu>auu¢ nucoz u fr Ml? .\m gaunt an .HmuK. acausaom can. on» Man uuo»oa auuruuo< .aa can-u Q xHazmmmfi Am Xfinixwmdh, .xm lune: (a Rummm. aohuCHON owum oau you mh0
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