HEAT TRANSFER AND THE TEMPERATURE CHANGE OF VENTILATION AIR PASSING THROUGH A POULTRY HOUSE ATTIC Thesls {or H19 Degree of M. S. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Norman Terkel Odden 1961 THtef-Ris’i' 02 0-169 This is to certify that the thesis entitled HEAT TRANSFER AND THE TEMPERATURE CHANGE OF VENTILATION AIR PASSING THROUGH A POULTRY HOUSE ATTIC presented by Norman Torkel Odden has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for M. S. degree in Agricultural Engineering ”gay/a j g/bmay/ Major professor Date_?/’Z L7/0 / f / HEAT TRANSFER AND THE TEMPERATURE CHANGE OF VENTILATION AIR PASSING THROUGH A POULTRY HOUSE ATTIC BY NORMAN TORKEL ODDEN ABSTRACT Submitted to the Colleges of Agriculture and Engineering of Michigan State University of Agriculture and Applied Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Department of Agricultural Engineering Approval WTZI/L/é j a/M’L/Dmij/ / ABSTRACT An analysis was made of the incoming ventilation air of a single-story, concrete-block, poultry house to determine the thermal characteristics of the air as it passed through the attic chamber. Temperatures were measured by thermo- couples placed in the louvered opening to the attic, the slot inlet to the pen, the ceiling insulation, the attic air and on the roofing. From these measurements, it was found that the temperature of the ventilation air entering the pen varied from the outside air temperature. Increases were recorded of up to 12 degrees, corresponding to an increase of available heat of 40,176 BTU/hr. (British Thermal Units per hour) or 29.2 BTU/hr. per square foot of pen floor area and decreases of five degrees corres- ponding to a heat loss of 16,740 BTU/hr. or 12.2 BTU/hr. per square foot of pen floor area. The average temperature variation for the test period recorded when the fans were operating was an increase of 1.4 degrees corresponding to a heat gain of 4687 BTU/hr. or 3.4 BTU/hr. per square foot of pen floor area. These temperature variations were found to be due primarily to radiation effects of the roofing over the attic chamber. HEAT TRANSFER AND THE TEMPERATURE CHANGE OF VENTILATION AIR PASSING THROUGH A POULTRY HOUSE ATTIC BY NORMAN TORKEL ODDEN A,THESIS Submitted to the Colleges of Agriculture and Engineering of Michigan State University of Agriculture and Applied Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of EASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Department of Agricultural Engineering 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his appreciation to Dr. Merle L. Esmay, the Major Professor, to the Department of Agricultural Engineering for providing the opportunity for graduate study, and to Dr. T. Triffet, the Minor Professor. Appreciation is extended to Dr. A. W. Farrall for providing a graduate assistantship and work facilities. To Mr. Sulo J. Hulkonen and the staff of the Upper Peninsula Experiment Station, the author says thanks. The sacrifices and understanding of his wife, Nancy, are recognized and appreciated. 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................ ...... 1 Objective...................... ..... .............. 4 Review of Literature.............................. 5 Equipment and Procedures....... ..... .............. 9 Discussion and Results............................17 Temperature Change vs. Outside Temperature.....29 Heat Losses Through Ceiling ..... ...............30 Radiation...... ..... .... .............. .........32 Conclusions. ..... .................................35 Suggestions for Future Study......................37 References........................................38 AppendixOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ...... 0.0.0....40 5-14. 15. iv LIST OF FIGURES Page Schematic diagram of exhaust ventilation system with inlets from the attic.......... 7 Floor plan of experimental poultry house... 10 Cross section A—A of experimental poultry houseooOODOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 11 Thermocouple locations in attic of experimental poultry house................. 15 Air temperature change through attic and roof, attic and outside temperatures....... 19-28 Temperature change of ventilation air passing through attic of poultry house..... 31 INTRODUCTION In the past, poultry was raised for meat and egg con— sumption by the farmer. The chickens were raised with a minimum of care in an empty section of a hayloft or an unused corner of the woodshed. Today, however, the poultry industry has grown until only about 25% of the production is consumed on the farm (3). The small flock has grown to demand entire buildings which have become complex systems of labor saving, efficiency promoting devices. Automatic feeders and waterers have been installed. Roll away nests and conveyors have reduced labor for egg gathering. Time clocks and electric motors have provided rigid controls. Careful breeding programs have developed specific types of birds for high meat or egg production. To attain maximum production, the birds must be housed in the proper environment. In furthering the research to determine the proper environment, the Departments of Poultry and Agricultural Engineering at Michigan State University in 1957 constructed four experimental poultry houses at the Upper Peninsula Experiment Station, Chatham, Michigan: an insulated frame with a pressure ventilation system; a baled straw-pole frame with natural ventilation; a gothic frame with the exhaust system of ventilation; and a concrete block, also with the exhaust system of ventilation. The concrete block building was selected in this study for a more detailed analysis of its ventilation system. The exhaust system of poultry house ventilation derives its name from the use of n exhaust fan in the air outlet. Operation of the fan causCs a negative pressure in the house which induces fresh air to enter. This air can enter by means of leakage around windows, through cracks and under doors and/or by means of inlets designed and installed to admit incoming air in a controlled manner. One inlet system brings air from the attic chamber through either bored holes or a slot installed in the ceiling at its Junction with the wall° The air enters the pen from the inlet at a low velocity, which is regulated by the width of slot, and flows down the walls in a draft- free manner. Within the pen, the exhaust fan, coupled with convective effects, cause the air to circulate throughout, and finally to be exhausted. There have been indications that air entering from the attic chamber may be warmer than outside air. This warming could be caused by the absorption of heat, available in the attic due to losses through the ceiling below and solar radiation on the roof above. However, no measurements have been made to determine how much warming might occur. The common ways of bringing the air into the attic are: large louvered openings in the end walls, openings under the saves on the side of the building opposite the inlet and ventilators installed in the ridge. It is desirable that in winter operation, the air, upon entering the attic, should diffuse throughout to absorb as much of the available heat as possible. It should then move slowly towards the inlet to enter the pen as makeup air. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the enthalpy change of ventilation air as it moved through the attic chamber of a poultry house. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The general criteria for the ventilation of poultry houses have become quite well established. Stephan (10) presented a paper at the Farmstead Engineering Conference of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, September 1960, in which he stated, "Most ventilation systems use electric fans located in the air outlet to provide a forced exhaust. The makeup air is drawn into the room through uniformly distributed sidewall openings or through distribution ducts. Cold, fresh air should be tempered by mixing with warmer air in the room before coming into contact with the birds". Bonzer, Hart and Lubinus (2) at South Dakota State College, recommend the use of the slot inlet to bring ventilation air from the attic and specify that the slot should be installed around the entire perimeter except for eight to ten feet on either side of a fan so that the air drawn into the pen through the slot is tempered, resulting in a heat saving. Also, the system should include a continuously operating fan to prevent back drafts. Esmay (5) (7) (8) at Michigan State University suggests an attic inlet system following this same general procedure. He specifies, however, that the slot should extend only along the wall opposite that of the fans. And that air entering from louvers on either end of the attic can be warmed as much as five or ten degrees from ceiling heat losses below and solar radiation on the roof above before entering the pen through the slot to circulate across the floor as shown in Figure 1 (5). The fan operation is specified to be intermittent, being controlled by thermostat and time clock. _ The slot type of inlet originated in dairy barn ventilation. Turner (11) at Cornell University, recommended the use of the slot or bored hole inlet for stable ventilation. He suggested the slot be placed on the perimeter of the building with the exception of discontinuing the slot two feet from a fan. It is necessary, in his opinion, to have a fan continuously operating to avoid back drafts of warm moist air into the hayloft above, to the detriment of the hay stored there. This system then will supply air which has been tempered by being brought through the mow in a draftless manner throughout the stable. A big problem in dairy stable ventilation is condensation on the walls having low insulation values. In his work on stable ventilation, Saia (9) determined that a thin stream of air flowing down the walls would reduce condensation. In experimenting with the stable ventilation over a winter season, the slot inlet was not used the first half. Condensation was commonly observed. The slot inlet was incorporated the second half. Saia makes this observation "After installation, condensation was not once observed on areas under the slot". as also makes the statement "The mow acts as a plenum chamber allowing air, which is up to ten degrees warmer than outside air, to enter the stable uniformly, regardless of wind conditions". SOLAR RADIATION LARGE LOUVERS AT EITHER END OF ATTIC EXHAUST m -> > AIR -—~ \Q MOVEMENT; : 2 a / a: 36' WIDE J. FIGURE I SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF EXHAUST VENTILATION SYSTEM WITH INLETS FROM THE ATTIC This inlet system worked well for dairy stables. It has been assumed that the system would do the same for poultry houses and that the system would have the same characteristics, despite the different conditions of pens and stables, attic chambers and haymows. There has been little published on the effect of in- troducing ventilation air into a poultry house from the attic chamber. Esmay (6), by using hygrothermographs, placed in the pens near the inlet slot, gathered some information giving an indication of the warming effect. He also makes an estimate of the solar radiation effect from fan operation: "An average of a five degree warming of the incoming ventilation air was caused by the sun's rays. On an overcast day, outside air temperature must rise to 35°F. before the fans would run continuously. On sunny days, the fans would run continuously at all temperatures above 30°F." There was no measurement, though of the temperature increase of the incoming ventilation air, only estimates and indications. EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES The research herein reported was accomplished in an experimental poultry house located at the Upper Peninsula Experiment Station, Michigan State University, Chatham, Michigan (Latitude 46° 22' North). The house was one of four types contrasting different methods of construction and ventilation. The building measured 36' x 54' and was constructed of regular sand and gravel aggregate concrete blocks. No extra insulation was used in the walls. A clear- span roof frame of glue-nail trusses (Michigan State University Plan No. 703—Cl-66) was placed on the concrete block walls. The ceiling was 5/8" CD plywood with six inches of shavings above for fill insulation. The roof deck was formed of 2" x 4" girts placed 2' - O" on center, covered with a 2%" corrugated sheet metal roofing. For construction details and pen layout, see Figures 2 and 3. Ventilation was accomplished using an exhaust fan in the outlet, controlled by a thermostat and time clock. The fan was located in the center of the south wall of the main pen. The inlet was the slot type, using a 2" slot in the ceiling next to the north wall, extending from the west wall to one foot from the east wall of the pen. Air entered the slot inlet from the attic plenum chmmber which had louvered openings on each end. meOI >m._.u_DOn_ Jm._.n_30a Jdkzm—zimaxw ...o 4 I 4 295mm mmomo m mass... 1 _ Ir _..m_I 8" HIM H IIIIII||I|||I|II VIII IIIII :0 I.mm III. mo. .. mood mime e ozqm _ 1 1 /. - Lemmozoo ..v I 11 II: II _ I Amuse... moss»; H or .1. 803d\ 1 - / / - . H .343 50.5 I on u msmmozoo ..m .7 zoEmmfi. .1. a u 8035a .30 gnqfiomfififimfl ..S H a 292.32. daze / . / VI. .\ w L 3......) 82m 393.2,) v z. mmm>39 oEjsz> . m. _ / 02:60”. .352 0532.50 .wN xowo 2.4m3n. .UU.DJN :Vx:N 12 Besides the main pen, two small additional pens were included for other research purposes. One, a control pen, was maintained at 55°F. by a heater and an air conditioner. The other was exposed to outside temperatures by continuous fan operation. Air temperatures were measured with copper—constantan thermocouples constructed on the site. Two sixteen point recording potentiometers were used. One, manufactured by - the Brown Instrument Company, was located in an adjacent utility building. It was used for temperature recording in all four buildings. The Brown potentiometer was operated by a time clock to make one cycle of sixteen points every half.hour. The cycle required approximately two minutes to complete. Seven of the sixteen thermocouples were located in the concrete block house. The thermocouples were placed as follows: 1. In the controlled temperature room. 2. In the outside exposed room. 3. In the main pen SQ' from the floor, midway from the east and west walls and 11' from the north wall. 4. Attached to the sheet metal roofing 3' from the ridge on the north slope 14' from the east end. 5. Hanging in air 6" below the thermocouple attached to the roofing. 6. Hanging in the air 5' from the ridge line to the north, 2' from the shavings on the floor and 13' from the east end of the attic. 13 7. Hanging in the air 8" from the ridge line to the south, 2' from the floor and 16' from the west end. The second sixteen point recording potentiometer (Leeds and Nbrthrup Speedmax) was located in the observation room of the concrete block building. Iith this setup, the recorder operated whenever the fan was on and also for varying periods after the fan shut off to complete the cycle. The fan was controlled by thermostat and a time clock set for 30 seconds of operation each ten minutes. A "Tempscribe" operations recorder was attached to the fan to record operating time. To facilitate the measurement accuracy and averaging of the data, thermocouples were used in groups of three. All leads were of the same length and the junctions installed electrically in parallel. This then caused an average of the three temperatures of the group to be recorded (4). Six thermocouples or two groups of three were placed in the slot inlet. They were bare and extended into the middle of the air stream. Two groups of three thermocouples were installed to measure the incoming air temperature at each of the louvers. Two thermocouples were located to extend 4" in from the sides. The third extended into the opening 3" from the bottom of the sill. Four groups of three thermocouples measured the insulation temperature. Six were paced under the insulation but on top of the plywood ceiling. The other six were attached to 2" x 2" metal plates and located at the top surface of the insulation covered by a single layer of shavings. The groups were designated as: QHHUOU> 14 Slot inlet. Slot inlet. Louvered Opening, east end. Louvered opening, west end. Bottom of insulation, east. Bottom of insulation, west. TOp of insulation, east. Top of insulation, west. See Figure 4 for the locations of the thermocouples. The @QQUhWNl-l The 13, 1960. During this time, there were sunny days and cloudy days. during the test. sixteen point cycle recorded as follows: 9 _ 1O 11 12 13 14 15 UNOb'flWNb 16 testing period extended 7'!. to a high of 57.1. A >NWQ waste B waste from April 4, 1960 to April There was snow on the ground and it rained and snowed Outside temperatures varied from a low of During this period, approximately 47,000 temperature measurements were recorded. To facilitate handling of the data, the averages of similar measurements for each mmDOI >m.....50n_ Adkzmgmwaxw ....O viz—.4 z. mzo_._. u L 1 0 O 3 T , T ®+ MW P am .3 20 229.59 mwmnkdmuaZMF mo_m._.DO 024 2.5.4 £00m Eot U_._.._.< IGDOEI... woz / 0 do BONBHBSAIO BaniVHBdWBL 21 $0.509 mmmakdmmaSEP mo_m._.30 024 9.5.4 ....00m $0.: oil—.4 IGDOmIH wazafo mmDP/umwaEmL. m2. x. mmDOE 00 m. .m n=ma< >40 “.0 NE E. 22 m w m 2 m 0 m 2.2 a _ _ 38 anHBdWBl I i ! ¢ I (1) CO :1 o Orr—.4 ll..|! 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MOE-50 024 0:12 woom 30: GEL-4 IGDOmIP me4IU was-EmwQSEP E4 2 EDGE 000. .0. ...Eq >40 “.0 ms; 22 m 0 m 2 m 0 m . 22 BBOiVUBdWBl A. O (0 do 0.0.0.4 ..I...-|. .. unzwk 30 p L 0 :lo 33N383dd|0 BHfllVBBdWBJ. OC'OO / \ l .20.:80. mmmDH4mwa<2MP m0.m.50 024 001.4 MODE €05 DEL-4 103001... m024Io mmDP4mmn§EP «=4 N. manor. 0001:4534 >40 “.0 m2; 2: m w m 2 m m n 2.2 . fl _ _ BHHlVHBdWBJ. 26 do a . w _ I-l-Loo _ n w 0.»: .l.|. . _ . _ _ 8.050 . .__ _ . _ _ _ a) OC'DO i / fi '1 (O *- do BONBUdeIO BHanBBdWBl 27 50:03 mums-Emmméwk M0550 024 DEL-4 ...—00m ...-.00: o_._.._.4 103001... 002410 0024.200st E4 m. 0009“. 000. .0. 0.204 >40 “.0 02: 2.2 m o m 2 0 o m 2.20 BHanBBdWB i do _ . 0002 ./ . .. 0E4 .. ./.\./\. _ . 00.050 \P O'-O"O 0 .II/l/I-\|lll. (O 0 t0 0 + I <0 do sot-1333:1510 aanlvaadwal 28 .2850. mmeP4m—m02mk M0050 024 0_._.._.4 room .00: 0_._.-_.4 I000mI._. m02410 mmDP4mm02wk m=4 3 #50.“— 000. .m. ...E< 20 “.0 0.2: 2.2 m 0 m z m 0 m 2.2 0 BHHlVUSdWBJ. e e‘e‘e’e‘e'. e do DEL-4 .-|!.ll. 0 d) / I J T i (D ... do 33N353ddl0 aanmaadwal 29 The temperature change varied from a decrease of five degrees to an increase of 12 degrees. The average temperature change for those periods with fan operation of at least four minutes was an increase of 1.4 degrees. At 3348 BTU/hr.°r., and a pen floor area of 1368 square feet, this represents a maximum heat loss of 16,740 BTU/hr. or 12.2 BTU/hr. per square foot of pen floor area, a maximum heat gain of 40,176 8 /hr° or 29.2 BTU/hr. per square foot of pen floor area ml: an average heat gain of 4687 BTU/hr. or 3.4 BTU/hr. per square foot of pen floor area for the ventilation air passing through the attic plenum chamber. Observation of Figures 5 through 14 indicate that the temperature of the ventilation air entering the slot inlet varied considerably from the outside air temperature. In an effort to determine the cause of the variations, the relation of outside air temperature to the ventilation air temperature change, the heat loss through the ceiling and radiation effects were studied. Temperature Change vs. Outside Temperature To evaluate the influence of outside air temperature on the attic air temperature change, the two quantities were directly compared in the range of 23°F. to 47°F. of outside air temperatures. This range was considered due to the limited number of readings outside of the range. The range is still wide enough to illustrate any pattern of comparison. 30 To accomplish the comparison, all temperature changes at a given outside temperature were averaged and plotted on the bar graph of Figure 15. These comparisons represent 26,000 slot inlet and 6400 louvered opening thermocouple temperature measurements. The data for Figure 15 is found in Appendix C as compiled from the data in Appendix B. Observation of Figure 15 indicates there is no pattern of temperature change corresponding to the outside air temperature. This may be further verified by specific examples from the data of Appendix A: April 12, 5:00 A.M., outside temperature 39°F., temperature change, a decrease of five degrees; April 12, 7:30 P.M., outside temperature 38'F., temperature change, zero; April 9, 11:00 A.M., outside temperature 27°F., temperature change, an increase of five degrees. It can easily be seen that there is no correlation between the outside air temperature and the temperature change in the attic plenum chamber. Heat Losses Through Ceiling Heat losses from the pen to the attic through the coil- ing were evaluated using the temperature drop through the insulation. Thermocouples placed on the bottom and the top of the shavings yielded this temperature difference for heat flow calculations without the effects of surface air being involved. Twelve thermocouples hooked up in groups of three for electrical averaging were used to obtain 6400 temperature 31 M0001 hut-1.000. “.0 0...L.4 103001... 02.0040. m_4 20....4-..-..2M> “.0 M02410 MEPEKMQEM... m. Manor. no M¢DF4¢MQ2MP m .4 20 ....4... ....2M> 02 . .2002. 4.40404 vavme. 30¢ mm mm #000 mnwm mm mm .m on mmmm 5N mm mm 4N mm BHOiVBBdWBJ. 39NVHO do 32 measurements. The temperature differences ranged from 28 degrees to negative values when the attic was warmer than the pen below. The average difference was 11 degrees. The six inches of shavings have a thermal conductivity of 0.075 BTU/hr.’F. sq. ft. and a surface area of_1368 square feet. At a temperature difference of 28 degrees, this corresponds to a heat flow of: (0.075) (1368) (28) - 2873 BTU/hr. or 2.1 BTU/hr. per square foot of pen floor area from the pen to the attic. In a previous calculation, it was shown that it required 3240 BTU/hr. for a one degree temperature rise in the air. The heat loss therefore corresponds to a possible temperature rise of 0.89'F. The ventilation air temperature change in this instance was three degrees. The average temperature difference across the shavings of 11 degrees corresponds to a heat loss from the pen of 1128 BTU/hr. or a possible ventilation air temperature change of 0.35 degrees. With a maximum heat loss of only 2873 BTU/hr. occurring at other than the maximum ventilation air temperature increase and an average loss of 1128 BTU/hr., it can be assumed that the ceiling heat losses are not the determining factor of the ventilation air temperature change. Radiation The radiation effects were studied by observation of the roofing temperatures and the apparent heat transfer to the attic air. The roofing, attic and outside air temperatures for each half hour interval corresponding to the time interval 33 of the ventilation air temperature difference are recorded in Appendix A and shown in the bottom graphs of Figures 5 through 14. The temperature variations are explainable by consideration of radiation effects. On a clear day, the solar radiation on the sheet metal roof will warm it considerably as can be seen by the mid-day peaks on Figure 13. Cloudy days result in little temperature difference between the roofing and outside air temperature. At night, the roof reradiates to the cold sky. Clear nights produce marked drops in roof temperature below that of the surrounding air as can be seen in the early morning hours of April 10. The attic air is warmed or cooled by heat transfer to the metal roofing. The attic air temperature effects would be expected to lag slightly behind the roof temperature variations. Observation of the data shows this to be true. The attic air temperature follows the pattern of roof temperatures but lagging slightly. The temperature differences between louvered opening and slot inlet also follow the pattern set by radiation of the roofing. High roof temperatures coincide with bright sunshine which are followed by high attic temperatures (at which time there are no ceiling heat losses) and large increase in ventilation air temperature differences. The low temperatures of roofing also coincide with low attic air temperatures and decreases in ventilation air temperature difference. The thermocouples in the attic chamber indicate the 34 temperature of the major portion of air volume in the attic. These measurements indicated that the attic air was at a different temperature than the air entering the slot inlet. In Figure 11, the attic air was as much as 20 degrees above the outside air temperature, but the ventilation air temper- ature difference was only 12 degrees. The air was not diffusing through the attic sufficiently to absorb the heat available. 35 CONCLUSIONS The temperature of ventilation air entering the pen of the poultry house during intervals of fan operation of four minutes or longer was found to be an average of 1.4 degrees higher than the outside air temperature. The temperature change was not constant, varying from a temperature decrease of five degrees to an increase of 12 degrees. The decrease resulted in a maximum loss of 16,740 BTU/hr. or 12.2 BTU/hr. per square foot of pen floor area. The increase resulted in making an additional 40,176 BTU/hr. or 29.2 BTU/hr. per square foot of pen floor area available at those times the extremes occurred. The average temperature in— crease resulted in an additional 4687 BTU/hr. or 3.4 'BTU/hr. per square foot of pen floor area, for maintaining the desired pen temperature and evaporating moisture. It was found that the outside air temperature had little effect on the heat gains or losses of the ventilation air in passing through the attic chamber. The heat loss through the insulated ceiling averaged 1128 BTU/hr. or a possible 24% of the average heat gain. The effects of radiation on and reradiation from the roofing material controlled the ventilation air temperature increases and decreases. Bright sunny days resulted in high air temperature increases, while cold clear nights resulted 36 in air temperature decreases. 37 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDY Methods of greater utilization of solar energy. Methods of avoiding the detrimental effects of night reradiation. Construction changes to cause ventilation air to diffuse throughout the attic for greater heat absorption. Means to reuse heat being exhausted from the pen by the fan to decrease heat losses. 10. 38 REFERENCES American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Guide Committee (1960). Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning Guide. American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., New York. 792 pp. Bonzer, Boyd, Glenn Hart and Louis Lubinus (1955). Modern poultry housing. South Dakota State College, Agricultural Extension Service, Circular 516. 12 pp. Byerly, T.C. (1960). Goals of engineering research on poultry housing. Agricultural Engineering. 41:566-567. Dike, P.H. (1954). Thermoelectric Thermometry. Leeds and Northrup Technical Publication EN-33A. 90 pp. EBmay, Merle L. and Howard C. Zindel (1958). A mech- anized poultry house for northern climates. (Paper presented to the Poultry Science Association at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 5, 1958). 10 pp. Esmay, Merle L. and J.l. Moore (1958). A mechanized laying house for more densely populated flocks. Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Quarterly Bulletin. 40:515-529. Esmay, Merle L. and J.I. Moore (1958). A poultry house for 2,000 layers. lichigan State University, Cooperative Extension Service, Farm Building Series Circular 736. 11 pp. Esmay, Merle L. (1959). Packaged poultry houses. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Paper Saia, Wilburn H.F. (1950). Barn temperatures as influenced by the location of ventilating equipment. Thesis for the degree of M.S., Michigan State University, East Lansing (unpublished). Stephan, Frederick P. (1960). Housing design and equipment for econo ical broiler, egg production. Agricultural Engine ring 41:578-580. 39 11. Turner, C.N. (1952). Ventilate your dairy stable with electric fans. Cornell Extension Bulletin 845. 15 pp. 40 APPENDIX A The roof, attic and outside air temperatures and the air temperature change (Diff.) through the attic of an experimental poultry house at the Upper Peninsula Experiment Station, Michigan State University, Chatham, Michigan. 41 April 4, 1960 April 5, 1960 Time Outside Attic Roof Diff. Outside Attic ‘ngf Diff. MDNT. 3O 30 29 0 27 28 27 1 12:30 30 30 29 1 27 28 27 1 1:00 30 30 28 1 27 28 26 1 1:30 30 30 28 1 26 28 26 1 2:00 30 29 28 l 26 27 26 1 2:30 30 29 28 1 25 27 25 1 3:00 29 28 26 1 25 27 26 1 3:30 29 28 26 1 25 27 25 1 4:00 29 28 27 1 25 26 25 1 4:30 29 29 27 1 24 26 24 1 5:00 29 28 27 0 24 26 24 1 5:30 29 29 28 0 25 26 24 1 6:00 29 29 28 0 24 26 24 1 6:30 30 30 29 0 24 26 25 2 7:00 30 3O 30 l 24 26 25 2 7:30 31 31 32 1 25 27 27 2 8:00 33 33 33 l 25 27 27 2 8:30 32 33 33 2 25 28 28 2 9:00 32 32 33 2 26 28 29 2 9:30 33 33 33 2 26 29 30 2 10:00 32 32 33 2 27 29 36 2 10:30 36 33 33 1 28 32 42 2 11:00 33 32 33 1 31 37 50 2 11:30 33 34 38 1 32 37 55 1 NOON 33 35 38 1 31 37 48 3 12:30 34 35 42 3 33 39 49 2 1:00 32 35 39 3 35 41 54 -1 1:30 32 35 38 3 35 43 54 1 2:00 34 38 44 3 33 41 51 1 2:30 33 37 43 3 34 40 48 —1 3:00 33 37 42 3 33 41 48 0 3:30 32 36 40 4 33 41 46 0 4:00 31 34 35 3 33 42 44 0 4:30 31 33 35 3 33 40 42 0 5:00 30 32 33 2 30 35 35 1 5:30 30 31 30 1 30 33 34 0 6:00 29 30 30 1 28 30 29 1 6:30 28 30 29 1 27 28 25 1 7:00 28 29 28 1 26 26 21 0 7:30 28 29 27 1 26 25 20 0 8:00 27 28 27 1 25 24 18 0 8:30 27 28 27 l 24 22 15 -1 9:00 27 28 27 l 23 20 12 -1 9:30 28 28 27 1 20 18 11 -1 10:00 27 28 27 1 22 18 10 0 10:30 27 28 26 1 18 16 8 11:00 28 28 27 1 17 16 10 11:30 27 28 26 l 20 17 11 42 April 6, 1960 April 7, 1960 Time Outside Attic Roof Diff. Outside Attic Roof MDNT. 17 16 10 27 26 18 -2 12:30 18 16 10 25 23 16 -1 1:00 17 15 9 25 22 17 0 1:30 17 14 8 25 23 17 0 2:00 16 13 6 25 22 15 -1 2:30 14 15 10 24 22 18 -1 3:00 15 16 11 24 31 17 3:30 17 17 16 24 21 19 4:00 18 19 17 25 22 22 4:30 19 19 18 25 23 23 0 5:00 23 20 20 -1 25 25 25 0 5:30 26 23 23 O 26 25 25 0 6:00 26 25 24 O 27 27 27 0 6:30 26 25 25 O 28 28 3O 1 7:00 26 26 26 1 28 29 3O 1 7:30 26 28 29 O 30 30 31 0 8:00 28 30 32 1 32 32 32 0 8:30 30 39 46 0 35 33 33 1 9:00 34 41 52 3 35 32 33 0 9:30 32 39 48 3 35 33 33 0 10:00 32 4O 49 4 36 36 43 0 10:30 35 43 56 4 38 41 53 O 11:00 35 49 64 5 39 47 59 2 11:30 38 55 67 8 4O 49 63 3 NOON 36 47 54 8 40 49 61 5 12:30 35 48 57 7 44 53 7O 4 1:00 37 49 58 8 4O 51 62 5 1:30 37 5O 60 9 45 60 74 6 2:00 37 47 52 8 39 49 54 9 2:30 36 43 46 7 39 49 62 8 3:00 37 42 41 6 36 42 49 6 3:30 37 41 43 5 36 40 43 6 4:00 36 41 45 3 38 44 51 4 4:30 37 38 41 4 36 39 38 5 5:00 37 39 44 3 35 36 34 3 5:30 36 38 39 2 36 37 39 2 6:00 35 35 32 2 36 37 36 2 6:30 35 34 33 1 38 39 39 3 7:00 34 34 32 1 33 34 32 0 7:30 34 34 32 O 33 33 31 0 8:00 33 34 32 1 32 30 24 0 8:30 33 33 32 1 28 25 18 0 9:00 33 33 32 0 26 23 15 9:30 33 33 32 0 25 21 15 10:00 32 33 31 O 24 20 13 10:30 32 32 29 O 24 21 16 11:00 28 27 20 O 26 24 22 11:30 28 25 20 -1 28 25 24 43 April 8, 1960 April 9, 1960 Time Outside Attic Roof Diff. Outside Attic Roof Diff. MDNT. 30 27 26 27 28 27 1 12:30 30 28 27 27 28 27 1:00 30 28 26 27 28 26 1:30 29 27 26 27 28 27 2:00 29 27 26 27 28 26 2:30 29 27 26 26 27 25 3:00 29 27 25 26 27 26 0 3:30 28 26 24 26 27 25 0 4:00 28 26 22 25 26 22 0 4:30 28 26 24 26 26 24 0 5:00 27 25 23 25 26 24 0 5:30 27 25 23 25 25 25 0 6:00 27 25 23 25 26 24 1 6:30 27 25 24 25 26 25 1 7:00 29 29 32 25 27 26 1 7:30 31 34 39 25 28 28 1 8:00 30 34 39 25 27 29 1 8:30 32 36 42 26 28 32 1 9:00 35 41 51 3 28 31 46 2 9:30 36 44 51 4 27 32 44 3 10:00 37 50 64 3 26 30 32 3 10 30 35 44 53 5 27 30 32 4 11 00 35 46 56 6 27 32 37 5 11 30 34 35 57 6 27 33 39 5 NOON 37 47 50 7 29 35 46 4 12 30 36 46 54 8 29 38 50 5 1 00 35 48 55 5 27 36 48 5 1.30 35 47 63 6 27 37 55 6 2:00 32 4O 44 6 27 37 45 6 2 30 31 39 46 6 26 33 41 6 3°00 32 39 38 26 34 39 5 3.30 30 35 36 27 32 38 5 4:00 30 35 37 26 32 35 4 4 30 29 32 33 24 31 33 5 5 00 27 32 30 3 24 30 33 4 5°30 27 31 29 2 27 32 36 3 6 00 27 30 28 2 24 28 27 3 6 30 27 29 28 2 23 26 23 2 7 00 26 28 27 22 24 18 l 7 30 26 28 27 21 21 15 8 00 27 28 27 1 19 16 13 8.30 27 28 27 1 18 17 12 9:00 27 28 27 1 17 16 9 9:30 27 28 27 17 15 9 10:00 27 28 27 16 14 7 10:30 27 28 28 17 14 8 11:00 27 29 28 0 15 13 7 11:30 27 29 27 15 13 8 44 April 10, 1960 April 11, 1960 Time Outside Attic Roof Diff. Outside Attic Roof Diff. MDNT. 13 12 6 35 34 33 -2 12:30 12 ll 3 35 34 33 -1 1:00 10 9 1 34 33 31 -1 1:30 9 8 0 35 34 34 0 2:00 7 6 0 34 34 33 0 2:30 10 7 2 34 35 35 0 3:00 8 7 3 34 35 35 0 3:30 17 13 5 34 35 34 1 4:00 14 ll 7 34 34 33 1 4:30 14 12 8 34 34 33 0 5:00 14 13 8 34 35 35 0 5:30 15 12 8 35 35 35 0 6:00 16 14 10 35 36 36 0 6:30 17 16 14 35 36 36 0 7:00 19 19 20 35 37 37 0 7:30 25 25 31 35 37 39 1 8:00 27 29 35 36 39 42 2 8:30 30 33 39 36 34 39 1 9:00 33 37 46 3 35 38 38 1 9:30 36 42 51 4 37 43 49 2 10:00 36 46 56 5 39 48 61 3 10°30 37 49 60 6 4O 48 57 3 11.00 41 51 61 7 39 43 47 3 11:30 44 60 75 8 4O 50 64 2 NOON 42 57 69 10 40 49 59 6 12:30 46 66 85 10 40 50 57 5 1:00 44 65 78 10 40 49 54 5 1:30 43 63 79 9 46 62 79 5 2°00 42 61 72 10 42 57 56 8 2.30 43 63 70 10 45 54 62 5 3:00 44 61 70 ll 44 5O 53 6 3.30 43 59 65 10 44 50 53 5 4:00 43 58 64 9 46 48 49 4 4:30 42 55 59 9 45 45 43 2 5 00 42 51 53 7 44 46 47 1 5.30 41 48 50 5 43 45 45 0 6:00 39 41 39 3 43 45 45 1 6:30 37 38 44 1 43 44 43 l 7 00 36 36 32 0 43 44 43 0 7 30 36 35 32 0 44 44 42 0 8 OO 35 33 29 0 43 42 38 0 8 30 34 32 29 -1 41 40 35 0 9:00 33 31 27 0 41 40 38 -2 9:30 32 31 28 -2 43 42 41 —1 10:00 32 31 27 -l 43 42 39 -2 10:30 32 31 29 -1 41 40 38 -1 11:00 34 33 32 -1 41 39 36 -l 11:30 34 32 31 -1 42 41 39 -2 45 April 12, 1960 April 13, 1960 Time OutSide Attic Roof Diff. Outside Attic Roof Diff. MDNT. 43 46 45 —2 36 35 34 -2 12:30 44 43 43 -2 37 35 34 -1 1:00 44 43 43 -2 36 35 34 0 1:00 44 44 43 -2 37 36 35 -2 2:00 43 41 38 -1 38 37 36 -1 2:30 42 40 36 -2 38 37 36 -1 3:00 42 39 35 -3 36 37 37 0 3:30 39 37 32 -2 37 37 37 0 4:00 38 36 29 -3 37 37 37 0 4:30 38 35 28 -4 37 37 37 0 5:00 39 35 31 -5 37 38 38 0 5:30 39 35 31 -5 37 37 36 0 6:00 39 35 32 -5 36 37 36 0 6:30 -- -- -- -3 36 37 36 1 7:00 43 44 47 -3 37 37 ' 37 1 7:30 46 49 54 -2 37 38 38 1 8:00 48 54 62 0 38 39 39 1 8:30 48 54 59 1 38 40 40 1 9°00 49 56 68 0 40 41 42 1 9 30 51 59 65 l 40 41 41 1 10 00 52 62 72 3 40 41 42 1 10 30 53 67 77 4 40 41 42 0 ll 00 53 70 79 6 42 44 49 1 11.30 56 74 83 6 41 43 44 1 NOON 54 72 81 10 41 44 45 1 12:30 54 75 82 10 41 45 47 1 1:00 57 77 83 12 43 50 60 2 1:30 56 74 81 ll 44 51 60 4 2:00 56 77 84 9 44 50 57 4 2:30 56 75 83 10 46 53 63 2 3:00 52 69 74 8 44 49 52 3 3:30 50 67 72 10 42 44 42 3 4°00 48 63 68 8 42 46 51 1 4 30 48 60 63 8 43 48 48 4 5 00 46 57 59 8 41 45 46 3 5:30 46 54 54 6 41 44 44 3 5:00 44 50 50 5 41 43 43 2 6°30 41 44 40 3 41 43 43 2 7 00 40 41 34 2 41 43 43 2 7 3O 38 38 32 0 40 42 42 2 8.00 36 36 31 0 41 42 42 1 8:30 36 33 31 -1 42 43 43 1 9:00 36 - 35 30 -2 42 42 41 1 9:30 35 34 31 -1 42 42 42 1 10:00 35 34 32 -1 42 42 42 1 10:30 34 34 32 -l 44 44 44 0 11:00 36 34 32 0 44 44 40 0 11:30 35 34 32 -l 44 42 39 -1 46 APPENDIX B The temperature of ventilation air entering the louvers (Luvr) and slot inlet (Inlt) of the attic chamber and the temperature on the bottom (Bott) and top (Top) of the ceiling insulation in an experimental poultry house at the Upper Peninsula Experiment Station, Michigan State University, Chatham, Michigan. 47 Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top 40 43 51 44 39 41 52 43 33 34 51 37 39 43 51 44 38 41 52 43 33 34 50 36 39 43 51 44 38 41 52 43 32 34 50 36 39 43 51 44 38 41 52 43 32 33 50 36 39 43 51 44 39 42 52 43 32 33 50 36 40 42 51 44 39 41 52 43 32 33 49 35 39 42 51 44 39 41 52 43 31 33 49 35 39 42 51 44 39 41 52 43 31 33 49 35 40 42 51 44 39 41 52 43 31 32 49 35 39 42 52 44 39 41 52 43 32 33 49 35 40 42 52 44 39 41 52 43 32 33 49 35 40 42 52 44 39 41 52 43 32 33 49 35 39 42 52 44 39 41 52 43 31 33 49 35 39 43 52 44 39 41 52 43 33 33 49 35 40 43 52 44 38 41 52 43 33 32 49 35 40 44 52 45 39 41 52 43 33 32 49 35 39 44 52 45 39 41 52 43 33 33 49 35 40 44 52 45 39 41 52 43 32 32 49 34 40 44 52 45 39 41 52 43 31 32 49 34 40 45 52 46 39 41 52 43 31 32 49 34 40 45 52 46 38 41 52 43 31 32 49 34 41 45 52 46 38 41 52 43 31 32 49 34 40 44 52 46 39 41 52 43 31 32 49 34 40 45 52 46 39 41 52 43 31 32 48 34 40 45 52 46 39 42 52 43 31 32 48 34 40 44 52 46 39 42 52 43 31 32 48 34 40 44 52 46 39 42 52 43 30 32 48 34 40 44 52 46 39 42 52 43 30 31 48 33 4O 44 52 46 39 42 52 43 30 31 48 33 40 44 52 46 39 42 52 43 30 31 48 33 40 44 52 45 39 41 52 43 30 30 48 32 40 43 52 45 39 41 52 43 29 31 48 32 40 43 52 45 39 41 52 43 29 30 48 32 40 43 52 45 4O 41 52 43 29 3O 48 32 39 43 52 45 37 39 52 42 30 3O 48 31 40 42 52 45 36 38 52 41 29 3O 48 31 39 42 52 44 35 37 52 41 29 30 48 37 40 42 52 44 34 37 52 40 29 30 48 31 40 42 52 44 34 37 52 40 29 29 48 31 39 42 52 44 34 36 52 39 28 30 48 31 39 42 52 44 34 36 52 39 28 29 48 31 39 42 52 44 34 36 52 39 29 30 48 30 39 42 52 44 34 36 52 39 29 29 48 30 39 42 52 44 34 36 52 39 28 29 48 30 39 42 52 44 33 35 52 28 28 28 48 30 39 42 52 44 34 35 51 38 28 29 48 30 39 42 52 44 34 35 51 38 29 28 48 30 39 42 52 44 33 34 51 37 28 28 48 30 39 42 52 43 33 34 51 37 28 29 48 30 39 42 52 43 33 34 51 37 28 28 49 29 48 Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top 28 28 49 29 30 33 49 34 28 29 49 31 29 28 49 29 31 33 49 35 28 29 49 31 28 28 49 29 31 33 49 34 28 29 49 31 28 29 49 29 30 33 49 34 28 29 49 31 28 28 49 30 31 33 49 34 27 28 48 30 29 29 49 30 31 34 49 34 27 28 48 30 29 29 49 3O 31 33 49 35 27 28 48 30 28 29 49 30 31 33 49 35 27 28 48 29 29 29 49 3O 3O 33 49 35 27 28 48 29 29 29 49 30 30 32 49 35 27 28 48 29 28 29 49 30 30 32 49 34 27 28 48 29 28 29 49 30 31 33 49 34 27 28 48 29 29 29 50 30 30 33 49 35 26 27 48 29 29 29 50 30 30 33 49 35 25 26 48 29 29 30 5O 3O 30 33 49 35 25 26 48 28 29 30 50 31 31 33 49 35 25° 26 48 27 29 30 50 31 31 34 49 35 25 26 48 27 29 30 50 31 31 34 49 36 25 26 48 27 29 30 50 31 31 33 49 36 25 26 48 27 29 31 50 31 30 34 49 36 24 26 48 27 31 31 50 31 31 33 49 36 24 25 49 27 30 31 50 32 30 34 49 36 24 25 49 27 30 31 50 32 31 34 49 36 25 26 49 27 3O 31 50 32 30 34 49 36 25 25 49 27 3O 31 49 32 3O 33 49 36 24 25 49 27 29 31 49 32 31 33 49 36 24 25 49 27 30 31 50 32 30 34 49 36 24 25 49 27 30 31 50 32 30 34 49 36 24 25 50 27 29 31 50 32 30 34 49 36 24 26 50 27 29 31 50 32 30 34 49 37 24 25 50 27 29 31 50 32 30 34 49 37 24 26 50 27 30 31 50 32 30 34 49 37 24 26 5O 27 3O 31 50 32 30 35 49 37 24 26 50 28 29 31 50 32 30 33 49 37 24 26 50 27 30 31 50 32 30 33 49 37 24 26 50 28 30 31 50 32 30 33 49 36 25 27 50 28 31 31 50 32 3O 33 49 36 25 27 50 28 31 31 5O 32 30 32 49 36 25 27 49 28 3O 31 50 32 30 32 49 35 25 27 50 29 31 31 50 32 29 32 49 35 30 30 50 29 30 31 50 32 3O 32 49 35 30 29 47 32 30 31 49 32 29 32 49 34 28 27 47 31 31 32 50 32 29 32 49 34 28 26 47 29 31 32 50 33 29 31 49 34 26 25 47 29 32 32 50 33 29 31 49' 33 26 24 47 27 31 32 50 32 29 31 49 33 24 24 47 26 30 33 49 33 29 31 49 33 24 23 47 25 30 32 49 34 29 30 49 33 23 23 47 24 30 33 49 34 29 30 49 32 25 25 47 23 31 33 49 33 29 30 49 32 24 25 48 25 49 Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top 25 25 49 25 36 42 49 42 35 41 5O 43 25 25 49 26 36 42 49 42 36 45 50 44 25 25 5O 26 36 41 49 42 38 47 50 47 25 25 50 25 36 41 49 42 36 47 50 49 26 27 50 26 37 42 49 42 36 46 5O 50 26 27 50 27 37 43 49 43 35 45 50 50 27 28 50 27 39 44 49 44 34 42 50 49 27 28 50 28 41 45 49 45 34 4O 50 48 27 29 50 28 38 45 49 46 34 39 50 46 28 29 50 29 38 45 49 46 33 37 50 45 28 29 50 29 38 44 49 46 32 36 50 43 29 31 50 29 38 44 49 45 32 36 50 42 29 30 50 29 38 43 49 45 32 35 50 41 29 3O 50 30 37 43 49 44 33 36 5O 41 30 31 50 30 37 43 49 44 33 36 50 40 30 31 50 31 37 43 49 44 32 37 5O 40 3O 31 50 31 39 43 49 44 33 37 50 4O 31 32 50 31 36 43 49 44 33 38 50 41 32 32 50 31 37 43 49 44 33 38 50 41 32 32 50 31 38 44 49 44 33 38 50 41 32 32 5O 32 38 45 49 45 34 39 50 41 32 32 49 32 39 47 49 46 34 39 5O 41 32 32 49 32 38 48 49 48 34 40 50 41 32 32 49 32 38 46 49 49 35 39 50 42 33 32 49 32 39 45 49 49 34 40 50 42 32 32 49 32 38 44 49 48 34 40 50 42 32 32 49 32 37 43 49 47 34 40 50 42 32 32 49 32 37 43 49 47 34 40 50 42 32 32 49 32 37 44 49 46 34 40 50 42 33 33 49 32 36 43 49 46 34 39 50 42 33 33 49 33 38 45 49 46 34 39 50 42 33 33 49 33 39 46 50 47 34 37 50 42 33 34 49 33 38 47 50 48 33 36 50 41 34 34 49 34 38 48 50 49 34 37 50 40 34 35 49 34 4O 50 50 50 34 37 50 4O 33 35 49 35 39 49 5O 50 34 36 50 40 34 36 49 35 39 49 50 52 33 36 50 39 34 36 49 35 38 48 50 52 33 36 5O 39 34 37 49 36 37 47 5O 52 33 36 5O 39 35 38 49 36 38 47 50 51 33 35 50 39 35 38 49 37 37 46 50 51 33 35 50 38 35 38 49 38 48 45 50 50 33 35 50 38 37 39 49 38 48 45 50 50 33 35 50 38 37 39 49 39 48 43 50 49 33 35 50 38 37 40 49 39 38 42 50 48 33 35 50 38 37 41 49 40 35 41 50 48 34 35 50 38 36 41 49 40 34 39 50 46 35 35 50 38 38 41 49 41 34 39 50 45 33 35 49 38 37 41 49 41 33 38 50 44 33 35 49 38 37 41 49 41 33 38 50 43 34 36 49 38 50 Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top 34 36 49 38 26 30 51 31 35 37 49 38 34 37 49 38 26 30 50 31 36 37 49 38 34 37 49 38 26 29 50 32 36 37 49 38 34 37 49 38 25 28 50 32 36 37 49 38 33 34 49 38 24 28 50 31 36 38 49 39 33 34 49 36 24 28 50 31 36 39 47 39 33 33 49 36 25 28 50 31 39 41 49 40 33 33 49 36 26 30 50 31 37 41 49 41 33 33 48 35 25 29 50 33 37 40 49 41 33 33 48 35 24 30 50 32 37 40 49 41 32 31 48 34 25 30 50 33 39 40 49 41 28 27 48 34 26 29 50 33 39 39 49 41 27 25 48 31 26 31 50 32 37 40 49 41 25 23 48 27 26 32 50 34 38 41 49 41 24 22 48 25 27 32 50 34 39 41 49 41 27 26 48 25 27 31 50 35 40 43 49 42 29 28 48 26 27 34 50 34 40 43 49 43 28 30 48 28 26 32 50 36 41 43 49 44 27 30 50 33 26 32 50 35 41 45 49 44 27 29 49 33 26 32 50 35 41 45 49 45 27 29 49 32 24 32 50 35 40 45 49 45 27 28 49 32 26 31 50 35 40 44 49 45 26 28 50 31 26 32 50 35 4O 44 49 46 27 28 50 31 26 31 50 34 41 44 49 45 27 28 49 31 26 30 50 34 4O 44 49 45 27 28 49 31 25 30 50 34 41 44 49 45 27 28 48 30 25 30 50 33 41 43 49 45 27 29 48 30 25 30 50 33 40 42 49 44 28 28 48 30 27 31 50 33 40 41 50 44 27 28 48 30 27 30 50 33 39 41 50 43 28 28 48 30 25 30 5O 33 4O 41 50 43 27 28 48 29 25 29 50 33 39 41 50 43 27 27 48 29 25 29 50 32 40 42 50 43 27 27 48 28 24 29 50 32 40 42 50 43 26 26 48 28 25 29 50 31 40 43 50 43 26 26 48 28 26 29 50 31 40 44 5O 44 26 26 48 28 26 29 50 32 4O 44 50 45 26 26 49 28 25 35 50 31 39 45 50 45 26 26 49 28 26 31 50 29 40 45 5O 45 25 26 49 28 27 31 5O 30 41 46 50 46 26 26 50 28 30 37 50 30 41 47 5O 46 25 26 50 28 31 37 50 35 40 46 50 47 25 26 50 28 30 37 50 36 4O 46 5O 47 25 26 50 28 36 37 50 36 41 47 50 48 25 26 50 27 36 37 49 38 40 47 50 48 25 26 50 28 36 36 49 38 39 46 50 48 25 27 5O 28 36 37 49 38 40 46 50 48 25 26 51 28 36 37 49 37 41 46 50 48 25 26 50 28 36 37 49 38 41 46 50 48 25 27 51 29 36 37 49 38 41 46 50 48 51 Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top 40 46 51 48 42 46 53 49 44 44 51 44 40 46 51 48 42 46 53 49 44 44 51 44 40 46 51 48 42 46 53 48 44 44 51 44 41 46 51 48 42 46 53 48 44 44 51 44 40 46 51 48 44 46 53 48 44 44 51 44 40 46 51 48 47 47 53 48 44 44 51 44 4O 45 51 48 47 48 53 48 44 44 51 44 40 45 51 47 46 47 53 48 45 44 51 44 41 46 51 48 47 47 53 48 44 44 51 43 40 46 51 48 47 47 53 48 44 44 50 44 41 46 51 48 47 47 53 48 44 44 50 44 41 46 51 48 46 46 53 48 44 43 50 44 40 45 51 48 45 46 53 47 45 44 50 44 42 44 51 47 45 46 54 47 45 44 50 44 41 44 51 47 46 46 54 47 44 44 50 44 40 45 51 47 44 45 54 47 45 44 50 44 41 47 51 47 44 45 54 46 45 43 50 44 41 49 51 48 44 44 54 46 43 43 50 44 42 52 51 49 44 44 54 45 43 43 50 43 43 54 51 51 45 45 54 45 44 42 50 43 43 53 52 54 45 45 54 45 44 41 50 43 42 51 52 54 45 45 53 45 43 41 5O 42 42 49 52 53 45 45 53 45 43 41 50 42 42 48 52 52 45 45 53 45 43 40 50 42 42 48 52 51 45 45 53 45 42 40 50 42 42 47 52 51 45 45 53 45 43 4O 50 41 42 47 52 50 43 45 53 45 43 40 50 41 43 47 52 50 43 45 54 45 43 40 50 41 42 47 52 50 43 45 54 45 42 40 50 41 42 48 53 49 43 44 53 45 42 41 50 41 43 49 53 50 43 44 54 45 41 41 50 41 43 50 53 51 43 44 54 45 41 41 50 41 43 50 53 51 43 44 54 45 41 41 50 41 43 50 53 51 43 44 54 45 42 41 50 41 43 50 53 51 44 44 54 45 41 40 50 41 43 5O 53 51 43 44 53 45 41 40 50 41 43 49 53 51 43 44 53 45 41 41 49 41 43 49 53 52 43 44 53 45 41 41 49 41 43 49 53 51 43 44 53 45 42 41 49 41 43 49 53 51 43 44 53 45 43 42 49 41 43 49 53 51 43 44 53 45 43 42 49 42 43 48 53 51 43 44 53 44 43 42 49 42 43 48 53 5O 43 44 53 45 43 42 49 42 42 47 53 50 43 44 53 45 43 42 49 42 42 47 53 50 43 44 53 45 46 42 49 42 42 47 53 50 43 44 53 44 45 43 49 42 42 47 53 49 43 44 53 44 43 42 49 42 42 47 53 49 44 44 52 44 43 42 49 42 42 47 53 49 44 44 52 44 43 42 49 42 42 47 53 49 44 44 52 44 43 42 49 42 52 Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott Top 42 42 49 42 43 41 49 41 40 36 49 35 41 41 49 42 43 41 49 41 4O 36 49 35 41 41 49 41 43 41 49 41 4O 36 49 35 41 41 49 41 43 41 48 41 4O 36 49 35 41 41 49 41 43 41 48 40 40 36 49 35 41 41 49 41 42 40 48 40 40 36 49 35 41 41 49 41 43 40 48 40 39 36 49 35 41 41 49 41 43 4O 48 40 40 36 49 35 41 41 49 41 43 40 48 40 39 36 49 35 41 40 49 41 42 4O 48 39 40 37 49 35 42 41 49 41 41 39 48 39 40 39 50 36 41 40 49 41 42 39 48 39 40 39 50 36 41 41 49 41 42 39 48 39 41 38 5O 37 42 41 49 41 42 39 48 39 42 39 50 37 42 40 49 40 41 39 48 39 42 40 50 38 41 40 49 40 41 39 48 39 43 4O 50 39 42 40 49 40 42 39 48 38 43 41 50 39 42 40 49 40 42 39 48 39 43 41 50 39 42 40 49 40 42 39 48 38 43 41 5O 39 42 41 49 4O 41 38 48 38 44 42 50 40 42 41 49 4O 41 38 48 38 44 42 50 40 43 41 49 41 41 37 48 37 44 43 50 41 43 44 49 41 40 37 48 37 44 43 50 41 42 41 49 41 40 37 48 37 44 43 50 42 43 41 49 41 38 39 47 37 44 44 50 42 42 41 49 41 38 40 48 37 44 44 50 43 42 42 49 41 4O 36 48 37 45 45 50 43 43 42 49 41 39 36 49 36 45 45 50 44 43 42 49 41 40 36 49 36 46 46 50 45 43 42 49 41 39 36 49 36 46 46 51 45 43 42 49 41 39 36 49 36 46 47 51 46 43 42 49 41 39 35 49 36 46 47 51 46 43 42 49 41 40 35 49 35 46 48 51 47 43 43 49 41 39 35 49 35 46 48 51 47 43 43 49 42 39 35 49 35 47 48 51 48 43 43 49 42 39 35 49 35 48 49 51 48 44 43 49 42 39 35 49 35 48 49 50 41 44 43 49 42 40 35 49 35 38 38 50 40 44 44 49 42 39 35 49 35 37 37 50 40 43 43 49 42 39 35 49 35 37 36 50 39 44 44 49 42 39 35 49 35 36 36 50 39 44 44 49 42 39 35 49 35 37 36 50 39 45 44 49 42 39 35 49 35 36 36 50 38 44 44 49 43 39 35 49 35 36 36 50 38 44 44 49 43 39 35 49 35 36 36 50 38 44 44 49 42 39 35 49 35 36 35 5O 38 44 43 49 42 39 35 49 35 36 35 49 38 44 43 49 43 37 38 49 35 36 35 49 37 43 43 49 42 39 34 49 35 36 35 49 37 43 42 49 42 40 36 49 35 36 35 49 37 53 Luvr Inlt Bott Top Luvr Inlt Bott qu Luvr Inlt Bott Tgp 35 34 49 35 29 29 48 28 35 34 51 37 34 33 49 35 28 28 48 29 .35 34 51 37 34 33 48 34 28 28 47 28 35 34 51 37 33 32 48 34 27 27 47 28 34 34 51 36 33 32 49 33 27 27 47 28 33 33 51 36 32 32 49 33 27 27 48 26 33 33 51 36 32 31 48 33 27 26 48 26 34 33 51 36 32 31 49 33 27 26 49 27 33 33 51 36 32 31 48 32 26 26 49 26 34 33 51 36 32 32 48 32 26 26 50 26 34 33 51 36 32 31 48 32 26 26 5O 26 35 34 50 36 32 32 48 32 26 26 5O 26 34 34 5O 36 34 31 48 31 26 27 57 45 34 34 5O 36 34 32 48 32 41 41 57 44 35 34 5O 36 34 32 48 34 40 40 57 43 34 34 5O 36 35 34 48 34 40 39 57 43 33 33 50 36 35 34 48 34 40 39 56 43 33 33 50 36 35 34 48 34 40 39 56 43 34 34 50 36 35 34 48 34 40 39 56 42 35 34 50 36 35 34 48 34 39 38 56 42 35 33 5O 36 35 34 48 34 39 38 56 41 36 33 5O 36 34 34 48 34 38 37 55 41 36 33 5O 36 34 33 48 34 39 37 55 41 36 33 50 36 34 33 48 35 39 38 55 41 34 33 50 36 34 35 48 34 38 38 55 41 34 33 49 38 34 34 49 35 38 37 55 41 30 34 49 38 34 34 50 35 39 37 55 4O 31 33 49 38 34 34 49 35 37 37 55 40 3O 34 49 37 34 35 49 35 36 37 54 40 3O 33 49 37 34 35 49 35 37 36 54 4O 29 33 49 37 35 35 49 35 37 37 54 40 29 33 49 35 35 35 49 35 37 36 54 4O 29 31 49 35 35 35 49 35 37 36 54 39 29 31 49 34 35 35 50 37 37 36 54 39 29 31 49 34 36 36 50 36 38 36 54 39 30 31 49 33 35 35 50 36 37 36 53 39 29 29 49 32 35 35 5O 36 36 36 53 39 29 29 49 31 35 35 49 36 36 35 53 38 28 29 48 29 35 35 49 36 36 35 53 38 26 26 48 28 35 35 49 36 35 34 53 38 26 24 48 26 35 35 49 36 34 34 53 37 26 24 47 24 35 35 49 36 35 34 53 37 23 21 47 21 35 35 49 36 36 34 53 37 22 20 47 20 35 35 49 36 37 34 52 37 17 20 48 20 35 35 49 36 36 34 52 37 19 21 49 22 34 35 49 36 35 34 52 37 23 23 49 24 35 36 49 37 35 34 52 37 26 25 49 24 35 36 49 37 35 34 52 37 25 25 49 25 35 36 49 37 35 34 52 37 26 26 5O 26 35 36 49 37 35 34 52 37 54 APPENDIX C Temperature change of ventilation air passing through the attic chamber for the outside temperatures in the range of 23°F. to 47°F. in degrees Fahrenheit. Outside Air Average Inlet Temperature Temperature Temperature Change 23 23 0 24 26 2 25 26 1 26 28 2 27 28 1 28 29 1 29 3O 1 30 32 2 31 33 2 32 33 1 33 35 2 34 36 2 35 35 O 36 38 2 37 4O 3 38 43 5 39 41 2 4O 42 2 41 43 2 42 44 2 43 44 1 44 44 0 45 45 O 46 47 1 47 47 O mmumuumumgmnlyuauumiyulyuuymmu‘1