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BOARD COMPOSITION IN THE LANSING FAMILY
SERVICE AGENCY IN RELATION TO COMMUNITY
CHANGES (1920 THROUGH 1957)

by

Dorothy C. Rozan

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to the School of Social Work,
Michigan State University, in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of

MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK

    

Approved: '
Cha flan, Research Comnfittiee

 

 

MW
'Eigtrector ofTSchool ‘

DEDICATION

To my husband and my daughter without
whose patience, understanding, interest, and
cooperation this study might never have been
completed.

D.C.R.

ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

With sincere appreciation the author wishes to acknow-
ledge the pertinent information given and the helprl atti-
tude of Mrs. Rupert Spaulding, Miss Ruth Bowen, Miss Candace
Thoman, Mr. Barrett Lyons, Mr. W. B. Thoman, and many others.
Without these resources the writer would have been unable
to complete this historical study. Their willing, kindly
cooperation have made them a part of this project.

The fullest cooperation has been given to the writer
by Mrs. Spaulding, present executive of the Lansing Family
Service Agency, and by her staff. It is hoped that she, her
staff and her Board of Directors may benefit, at least in
small measure, from this look into the past with its sub-
sequent analysis, meanwhile remembering that, " While we
read history we make history.“l .

The writer desires to express deep gratitude also to
Dr. Myrtle Reul, project advisor, Dr. Ernest B. Harper,

Dr. Bernard Ross, Mr. Manfred Lilliefors, and all other
members of the faculty of the School of Social Work, Michi-
gan State University, for their guidance, suggestions, and

warm-hearted interest.

 

r ‘ fl w ffi‘v w—VV v v v f w w fifi

1George William Curtis, "The Call of Freedom," cited
in John Bartlett, Familiar Quotations, eds. Christopher
Morley and LouellaTD. Everett (NewYork: Garden City Pub-
lishing Co., Inc., 1944).

 

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DEDICATION.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LIST OF TABLES

Chapter
I. INTRODUCTION

Purpose and Procedure
Methodology. . .
Plan of Study . .

II. HISTORY AND PERTINENT LITERATURE.

History of Times . . . .
History of Community. . .
History of Agency.

Purpose, Policies, and Program
Review of the Literature .

III. DATA AND ITS ANALYSIS

Occupation .

Sex . . . . . . .
Age . . . . . .
Religion. . . . .
Race . .

IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

BIBLIOGRAPHY .
APPENDIX

iv

Page
ii

iii

Table

LIST OF TABLES

Page
Board Representation in Family Service Agency,
Lansing, Michigan, 1920-1957. . . . . 21
Board Representation in Family Service Agency,
Lansing, Michigan, 1920—1957 (Expressed in
Percentages) . . . . . . . . . 22
Female Board Representation in Family Service
Agency, Lansing, Michigan, 1920-1957 . . . 23
Population of Greater Lansing . . 32

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Authorities in the fields of both social work and
business administration are agreed that the citizens who
function on boards of directors are not only an integral
but a vitally important part of any agency or business.
Leadership comes from boards of directOrs. Public rela-
tions is enhanced by boards of directors. Purposes, aims,
and objectives are determined by boards of directors. With
the expert, they evaluate, look ahead, and forecast.
Thereby needs are met and programs go forward.

Roy Sorenson in The Art gleoard Membership has

 

written,

These limitations of the expert further illustrate
the need for the layman's control of policies, as
provided for by boards of directors. It is by re-
specting the essential contribution of board
members that executives are best able to become
their partners.

At another point in the same volume Roy Sorenson has

stated,

Boards composed of both men and women have an advan—
tage. They blend the more intelligent interest of

 

lRoy Sorenson, The Art of Board Membership (New York:
Association Press, 1951), p. 98. ‘P’

women in delving deeper and exploring the operating
steps and the human relations with the tendency of
men to act with dispatch on the broad outlines of a
proposal.1

Boards of social agencies serve without remuneration.
This does not mean that their members should not be repre-
sentative, well qualified, interested individuals.

The third annual report of the Associated Charities
of Lansing, 1913-1914, has on its opening page an anonymous
quotation, "Charity is the gift of Service with or without
money, from the man who has it to the man who needs it;"

80 thought, philosophized and worked the laymen, and they
were all laymen in those bygone days in Lansing, who for-

mulated the policies and established the program of what is

today the Family Service Agency of Lansing, Michigan.

The Purpose and the Procedure

 

It is because of the aforementioned reasons that
there has appeared to the writer to be a need to study the
Board membership of the oldest agency in Greater Lansing
over an extended period, inasmuch as the Board plays such
an important role in agency policy and represents the
agency in the community.

Clarence King2 and others3 present this thinking

regarding agency policy and community representation.

 

lIbid., p. 79.

2Clarence King, Social Agency Boards and How to Make
Them Effective (New York: ‘Harper and Brothers, 1938).

3Ray Johns and David F. DeMarche, Community Organi-
zation and Agency Responsiblity (New York: Association
Press, 1951).

 

 

 

 

Likewise, from personal knowledge, the author was
aware that the Lansing Family Service Agency was instru-
mental in pointing up needs in the community and implementing
the meeting of those needs by helping with the creation of
other agencies. '

To be cognizant of community needs and aware of the
role of the agency in serving these needs, by one means or
another, is a responsibility of both board and executive,
according to an article, "The Board Member of a Family
Agency."l

Harvey Wish2 has pointed up the tremendous changes
that have taken place in this century in America.

In connection with size and composition Clarence
King3 has written that Boards should consist of men and
women and should not be less than fifteen or more than
thirty-five. Roy Sorenson concurs.“

The writer'hypothesizesthat as times have changed
Board composition has also changed in size, in diversity

of occupational backgrounds, in diversity of races, and

in the proportion of men and women serving.

 

1'"The Board Member of a Family Agency,‘
Association of America, New York, 1944.

Family Welfare

2Harvey Wish, Contemporary America, the National
Scene Since 1900 (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1945).

 

 

3King, op. cit.

4 .
Sorenson, op. cit.

More specifically it was deemed advisable to study
the Family Service Agency Board membership from 1920 to
1957 to determine, if possible, if it reflected in its
composition and size changes in the local scene, the broader
American scene, and any changes in social work philosophy
and practice.

It was thought such a study might conceivably reveal
where or how our local agencies are trending in regard to
their lay administration and their democratic attitudes
and values.

All records from 1911, when the agency was first
established, to 1920 were destroyed in a fire, so that

the year 1920 was arbitrarily set for this study.

Methodology

 

Data have been obtained from minutes of both monthly
and annual meetings over this thirty-seven year period;
from exploratory interviews with former Board members,
staff and elder citizens; from annual reports; from Articles
of Association, Articles of Incorporation, and By-Laws;
from unpublished material in the agency files; from city

directories; from the State Journal files; and from per-

 

sonal knowledge. This methodology was the only practical
one for an historical project.
Harleigh B. Tracker has written that the group

process in administration must focus on broad areas so far

as possible. There are many such areas and the Family
Service Agency Board of Directors, like all such bodies,

concentrates on many of these.1

Plan of Study

 

The plan of this study has been to review briefly
the history of the United States during this period, to
give a summarized account of Lansing, mainly during the
same years, and a condensed history of the agency from
its inception until 1957, including its policies and pro-
gram, and then to analyze the Board membership over this
thirty-seven year span to find,if possible,where it has
or has not kept pace with the changing times, and where
it has or has not reflected current social work thinking.
The conclusionsanuirecommendations will result, of course,
from the findings of the analysis.

At all times the writer has borne in mind the real-
ization that no single individual is selected and elected
to an agency's board of directors for one reason alone.
Each member has been chosen for many reasons. For example,
one may be selected for his sex, religion, and training.
In another instance, one might be chosen for the location
in which he, or she, lives and the race he presumably
represents. In still another case, a member might be

chosen because of special leadership qualities, sex, and

v— v v ’v —-v "v

lHarleigh B. Trecker, Group Process in Administration
(rev. 1950; New York: Woman‘s Press, 1946), p. 28.

a profession or group that requires representation. Also
there are the occasional board members who seemingly are
chosen for status reasons primarily. Their names and posi-
tions are believed to lend a prestige and dignity to any
board. Interest is supposedly present in every individual
elected, or should be.1

One other factor that enters into a nominating com-
mittee‘s consideration is the availability of the person
desired. If he, or she, cannot attend meetings regularly
because of occupation, illness, or some other circumstance,
then no matter what his, or her, qualifications or how

great the interest he, or she, may have, the committee

will rule out such an individual.2

 

v j w aw

lBoard Manual, Jewish Social Service Bureau of Detroit,
Detroit, Miehigan, 1945.

 

21bid.

CHAPTER II
HISTORY AND PERTINENT LITERATURE

History of the Times

 

The thirty-seven year period encompassed by this
study covers the recession following World War I, the in-
flationary and boom period of the middle and late twenties,
the crash of twenty-nine, the major depression of the
thirties, World War II and the Korean War,.the inflationary
period following the Second World War, and the cold war of
the fifties. More history and more technological develop-
ments evolved in these years than in any other comparable
period of time. In the United States public social welfare
was expanded and developed during these years as a result
of the great depression, greater social awareness, and a
concern for the individual.

The Family Service Agency mirrored all of these
changes in both large and small ways. One minor example
on the practical side as related to the Board of Directors.
Prior to the crash of‘twenty-niné'the Board met for its
luncheon meetings at the Hotel Olds. As the depression
deepened the members were constrained to hold their meetings
at the less expensive Y. W. C. A., the Home Dairy, or in

the agency offices, and attendance improved markedly.

7

Historyfiof the Community

 

Lansing, Michigan, came about as the result of a
swindle. Men like James Seymour and John Burchard, who
were among the early pioneers, were sold land here with
the understanding that a thriving settlement already
existed. Arriving around 1848 from Lansing, New York,
from whence comes Lansing, Michigan's name, they found
little mOre than a forest. The city was incorporated in
1859, with a population then of 4,000. But the capital
was moved from Detroit to Lansing in 1847, when part of the
forest was cleared and the first frame capital building
was constructed. In 1854 a brick capital building replaced
the original structure.1

Lansing is a typical Midwestern industrial city,
with its industrial emphasis on automobiles. Yet Greater
Lansing has been and is a multi-faceted city. Centrally
located in the lower peninsula of Michigan it is still
the capital of the state, and it is the seat of the now
eighth largest university in the country. As a consequence,
there is, in part, a blending of the political, industrial,
and educational. All of these social forces have played
their roles in the growth and development of the community.
And this diversification engenders more widespread interests

than are found in most communities of comparable size.

 

# *

lMichigan Historical Commission.

Labor relations in Lansing are less contentious and
tempestuous than has been the case in Detroit, or other
parts of the country.

Lansing, during the period studied, has been prepon-
derantly Republican.l

Greater Lansing has been and is a predominantly white,
Protestant, middle-class, urban community. Its population
is primarily second or third generation American. There
are ethnic groups, such as the Syrians, Mexicans, and
Negroes, but they are a small minority. It is only within
the past fifteen or sixteen years that there has been any
sizeable influx of Negroes and that the Catholic community
has grown appreciably. No figures are available on the
exact numbers of each during the years covered, except
for the years 1950 and 1957, as reflected in Table 4, page
32,but Negro and Catholic leaders in the community support
these statements.2

In July, 1956, Greater Lansing had an estimated pop-
ulation3 of 133,780. This figure does not take into con-
sideration people in suburbs not yet incorporated into the

city, small adjacent communities, parts of the various

townships surrounding Lansing and contiguous counties all

 

— v w

lLansing, State Journal.

 

2Personal interviews, Dr. Clinton Canady and Father
John Mean, both of Lansing, Michigan.

3Estimated by Michigan State Health Department,
Bureau of Census, Lansing, Michigan.

lO

of whom, in large measure, look to Greater Lansing for
their work, their consumer goods, their amusements, and
their services.

Lansing has become metropolitan only since World-

War II.

History of the Agency

 

In 1911 the present Family Service Agency was organ-
ized through contact with what is now the Family Service
Association Of America. During the years from 1911 to
1920 various programs and services were initiated by the
agency, known then as the Associated Charities of Lansing:
a free medical clinic was established; a Visiting House-
keeper program was started; the Humane Society and Visiting
Nurses Association combined with the agency; a Shelter for
single, unattached men 'was inaugurated in 1916 but discon-
tinued in 1918, when the need lessened; a Social Center
was established in 1917 which was a temporary home for
women and children; the development of a public health pro-
gram that was later taken over by the city was sponsored; a
traveling psychiatric clinic from Kalamazoo State Hospital
was sponsored; the American Red Cross was assisted in re-
organizing their Home Service Department; the agency helped
organize the Ingham County Branch of the Michigan Children's
Aid Society; and in 1919 the agency helped organize the
Community Chest. In 1918 the agency was incorporated under

Michigan 1aws,and in 1920 it was reorganized as the Social

Service Bureau.

ll

Juvenile protective work was begun in 1921. During
the depression years Family Service Agency was hardpressed,
especially prior to the Social Security Act of 1935. Milk
was given during this period, a clothing center was set up
with the help of the Needlework Guild and other relief
measures were instituted. Assistance was given to the
Olds Motor Works with their Employees‘ Relief Plan. And
several staff members were loaned to the public agencies.

Family Service became the Travelers Aid Society
representative in 1938 and has remained as such.

For years the agency acted as the community's Social
Service Exchange, but in 1933 that service was transferred
to the Community Chest.

During this period the student training program was
developed, in affiliation with what is now Michigan State
University and with the University of Michigan, and shortly
thereafter the student scholarship training plan came into
being. This was an effort to bring more professionally
trained people into social work.

An emphasis on the community organization functions
of the agency led to assistance in the establishment of
the Lansing Child Guidance Clinic and help with the organ-
ization of the Ingham County Referral Committee. The
dormant Community Services Council was revitalized in the

thirties under the auspices<xfthe Family Service Agency.

12

By amendment to the Articles of Incorporation the
agency's name again was changed, in 1949, to Family Service
Agency of Lansing, Michigan, as it remains to the present
time.

Psychiatric consultative service was added in 1950
and in 1951 homemaker service was begun.

The agency has participated in the Christmas Clearing
Bureau and assisted the Community Nursery.

0n the national level, too, Family Service Agency

has focused its interests and its efforts.

Purpose, Policies, and Program

 

In 1951 the members of the corporation, which includes
all Of those who evince interest in the agency by filling
out annual membership cards, voted to enlarge the BOard of
Directors from fifteen to twenty-one as of January 1, 1952.
This came about because of Lansing's growth in population
and because comparable agencies throughout the country were
expanding their boards.

Even back in 1920 the Board was a rotating one with
five going off each year and five new members coming on.

It continues to rotate so to the present time, only since
1952 seven leave and seven new members are elected. The
membership has elected Board members always. The nominating
committee carefully selects the nominees annually, attempting
balance and diversification. Only in 1928 did a dissident

group in the community, certain that all agencies in the

13

community were misrun, nominate a second slate. This
group elected three of their nominees, one of whom, unaware
of his nomination, resigned two weeks later in embarrassment.
The Board fills its own vacancies between annual meetings,
when elections are held. No member may have more than two
successive terms of three years each. This has pertained
always. In only three cases have board members returned

at later dates to start new terms. Quorums often were
ignored in the twenties, but since then the best parliamen-
tary procedure and the Articles of Incorporation and By-laws
have been followed.

The fiscal year of the corporation has been changed
twice to coincide with that of the United Community Chest
of Greater Lansing.

Spelled out in the Articles of Incorporation of
Lansing's Family Service Agency are the two major services
offered by the agency to the community and its surrounding
territory: casework service and community leadership.

More specifically casework service is afforded to
preserve and strengthen family life, with "social casework
treatment available to persons who need help in utilizing
their strengths and in dealing with handicaps within them-

selves, their family relationships, and in their environ-

ment."1 These are manifold.

 

1Family Service Agency Annual Report, 1951, Lansing,
Michigan.

14

Further stated the agency should give,"Community
leadership in the improvement of social conditions directly
affecting family life."1

The program of the agency, as partially outlined in
the preceding history of the agency, reveals how sweeping
is this definition of purpose.

It has been the broad policy of the agency since its
inception to work to forward the community's interests and
to meet the community‘s needs, again as illustrated in the
preceding history.

Ever since the philosophy of social work has altered
from an attitude of charity to one of support toward self~
help a crystal clear clarion has rung out from the Family
Service Agency of Lansing. "The noblest charity is to

prevent a man from accepting charity, and the best alms are

to enable a man to dispense with alms."2

Review of the Literature

 

All of the three major religions of the Western
World, Protestantism, Catholicism, Judaiism, have contri-
buted historically to the charity movement in this country,

Frank Watson pointed out in his first chapter.3 So all

libid.

2The Talmud.

3Frank Dekker Watson, The Charity Organization Move-
ment in the United States (New York: The Macmillan Company,
19P2), Chapter I.

 

 

15

three have been represented by their members on the Board
of Directors of the Family Service Agency of Lansing.

Virtually all of the other authors utilized for this
study agree with this point.

In both Francis McLean and Frank Watsonl one notes
some subtle philosophic changes, a swinging of the pendu-
lum. By implication the board was almost infallible in
those days in which they wrote and the professional staff
was much less so.

Today's concept of board and staff all being part
of a team, with their own special areas of responsibility
and accountability, some of which overlap, naturally, runs
throughout much of Ray Johns' book.2

In part this is implied in, "The purpose of this
administrative process is to facilitate the combined efforts
of a group of persons brought together to aChieve some com-
mon objectives.“3 I

Some similar points are made in "The Board Member of

a Family Agency":l‘L

 

lFrancis H. McLean, The Family Society-~Joint Respon-
sibilities of Board, Staff, and MemberShlp (New’York:
American Association for Organizing Family Social Work,
1927); and Watson, op. cit.

 

2Ray Johns, Executive Responsibility (New York:
Association Press, 1954).

3Ib'i‘d‘., p. 20

u"The Board Member of a Family Agency,
Association of America, New York, 1944.

Family Welfare

O\ U1 JE‘UUIUH

16

To attend meetings regularly;

to serve on committees;

to carry out all assignments;

to become acquainted with the agency quarters
as well as all staff members;

to make constructive criticism of the agency
through appropriate channels;

to keep informed of the community needs and
the role played by the agency in meeting
these needs.

Clarence King said:1

1.

2.

Boards should consist of men and women;

should not be less than fifteen or more than
thirty-five;

should assume the responsibility for making
policies with respect to the program of the agency;
should assume responsibility for personnel
standards;

should decide whether or not to engage in action
on broad social issues and problems, such as
social legislation;

should take responsibility for insuring an ade-
quate budget for the agency and any necessary
equipment;

should make policy and represent the agency in
the community and should formulate the general
framework of policy within which the executive
and staff function and which they should help

formulate.

 

l

V‘jfifi ‘ 7

King, op. cit.

1?

Harleigh Trecker,l Ray Johns and David DeMarche,2 and

most of the other authors concur.
Harleigh Trecker spells much of this out:

Research in the group process in administration must
focus on broad areas insofar as it is possible: Some
of the broad areas which embrace many, if not all, of
the groups in the agency are: (a) the area of for-
mulating, reviewing, interpreting, and revising the
purposes or objectives of the agency; (b) the area

of making, using, redefining policies; (c) the area
of developing a membership organization if the agency
is of that type; (d) the area of planning, conducting,
and evaluating program; (e) the area of providing and
working with leadership-~professional and volunteer;
(f) the area of financin and conducting business and
maintenance operations; fg) the area of agency-~com-
munity relationships.3

In speaking of board composition Elwood Street“ has

written:

The make-up of the board of directors is quite as
important as are its responsibilities and functions.
Although the constitution and by-laws usually pre-
scribe the board size and the mode of appointment,
important consideration of policy enters into the
election of its members.

Roy Sorenson5 said much the same thing and more:

. . and good group processes. . . all these and
Spirit too. Without the spirit of cooperation
mutual understanding, and compromise, and the spirit

lTrecker, op. cit.

2Ray Johns and David F. DeMarche, Community Organi-

zation and Agency Responsibility, p 37ff. .; and also Johns,
Executive‘Responsibility,o op. cit, p 68

 

3Trecker, op. cit., p. 28.

L‘LElwood Street, A Handbook for Social Agency_Adm1n13_
.Egggigg (New York. Harper and Brothers, 1947), p’ 44

5Sorenson, The Art of Board Membership, op. cit.,p.78.

18

to achieve common ends and further the common good,
mere organization and methods are futile. These
elements of spirit, morale, or esprit de corps can-
not be legislated by a board or ordered by an execu-
tive. They are not real unless they are voluntary.

Margaret Rich,1 in writing of the early days of social
work in this country, stresses that which appears a truism
today as regards the volunteers who serve:

Indeed, the interests of most board members were
not limited to the activities of the societies
they represented.

Chauncey Alexander and Charles McCann2 in their

article in Social Work discuss the dual meaning of "repre-

w—v—vw

 

sentativeness,"

the noun or'representativef the adjective.
The second concept coming from a statistical frame of
reference is the one with which the author has been con-
cerned, namely "the quality of being typical or typifying

a group or class."

 

1Margaret E. Rich, A Belief in People, A History of
Family Social Work (New YorE: Family Service Associatibn
of America, 1956), p. 26.

 

 

2Chauncey A. Alexander and Charles McCann, "The Con-
cept of Representativeness in Community Organization,"
Social Work, Vol. 1, No. 1 (January, 1956).

 

CHAPTER III
DATA AND ITS ANALYSIS

Board members‘names over this period and information
regarding them were obtained. Then four tables were com-
piled from which conclusions might be drawn.

Five categories were selected for this study of Board
composition: sex, age, occupation, religion, and race.
Between thirty and forty individuals were utilized directly
or indirectly as resource persons for the necessary iden-
tifying information.

‘"In all cases, board membership should include as
wide a spread of interests, vocations, and connections as
is consistent with primary qualifications."l

Classified as Protestants are all those born into
any of the PrOtestant denominations, or converted to anyone,
whether affiliated with any church or not. Members of the
Greek Orthodox Church are included with the Protestant
group.

The same pertains to Jews and Catholics, unless they

have been converted to one of the Protestant denominations.

 

l
Sorenson, The Art of Board Membership, op. cit.,

 

p. 56.

19

20

There were no known atheists in the total membership
of the Board but, if there should be any, they would be
classified under the faith into which they were born.

No member belonged to any religion outside of the
three major ones cited.

No race was represented aside from the white and
Negro races.

Profession as shown in this study indicates any
individual who has had conferred a professional degree
from any recognized university. Other individuals who
are loosely referred to as "professionals," e. g., funeral
directors or printers, and who may have had special
schooling or training for their particular fields of en-
deavor but do not hold university degrees, which are not
required for their work, are labeled businessmen.

The writer has classified under the category of
profession in Tables 1, 2, and 3 attorneys, educators,
clergymen, dentists, physicians, a social worker, a statis-
tician, a pharmacist, a meteorologist, an engineer, and a
certified public accountant who was also an attorney.

In Tables 1 and 2, pages 21 and 22, married women
are classified under their husbands' occupations; in Table
3, page 23, women are classified as homemakers, or under
their primary type of work.

The classification of business, in Tables 1, 2, and

3, pages 21, 22, and 23, respectively, includes both

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23

TABLE 3

FEMALE BOARD REPRESENTATION IN FAMILY SERVICE
AGENCY, LANSING, MICHIGAN;192o-1957

mm?)— . w W:
Years ‘Total HomemakeriIProfession] Industry* Public Labor

 

Officials

 

J:

1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957

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PARDmFJI IIAFJFHAFAFJHIAFHAI I14n>mron>m II I II I II I II I II

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H

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*Management

24

retailers and wholesalers, insurance agents, bankers,
realtors, printers, druggists, and a funeral director.

Public officials in all tables include those who are
either appointed or elected and who give the majority of
their time to their offices.

Industry includes those in managerial positions in
any size industry; while labor includes those who work in
or with industry.' Labor representatives on the Board of
Directors of Family Service Agency have been selected by
their unions in all instances but are elected by the total
membership of the agency.

There are no margins for error as regards the cate-
gories on sex, race, or religion. There may be some slight
variance on the age category and some as regards the
writer‘s Judgment on the occupational category, e. g.,
pharmacist or businessman. However, all theSe were checked
carefully with various resource persons. In each year an
individual's age was tabulated one year ahead, so that
often he or she may have moved from one age group to another.
In one instance an individual was moved from one occupational
category to another during two different terms of Board
membership. One other Board member's religious classifi-

cation required change during her term of office.

Occupation

 

As one studies the data collected one first notices

that no farmers are represented on the Board of Directors

25

over the entire span of years. While Lansing is not a
farming community, there are some farming areas nearby.
However, one is aware that many things enter into a person's
selection for board membership and his acceptance. Conven—
ience and availability are two factors. Farmers, like
certain other individuals, often are unable to attend lunch-
eon meetings, such as many agencies, including Family
Service Agency, have. It is possible some farmers have
been approached and have been unable to serve.

Labor had no board representation until 1933 (see
Table 1, page 21), and then only for a three year period.
However, prior to that date labor revealed little interest
in the administration of social agencies. A labor repre-
sentative came on the Board again in 1941 for four years.
In 1949 the Community Chest recommended to Family Service
Agency that a union representative be elected, but there
was no vacancy at that time. Since 1950 there has been
labor representation on the Board of Directors. One doubts
if the ten per cent in 1956, as shown in Table 2, page 22,
and the fourteen per cent in 1957 of labor representation
on the Board equates with the total labor population of
Greater Lansing. Yet, again one must consider convenience
and availability as regards the average union representa-
tive's time.

The professions have been gaining in numbers on

Family Service Agency‘s Board of Directors in recent years.

 

—. N..— ._&_"_ -

26

In 1920 they had thirty-three percent, in 1922 only thirteen
per cent, in the dark days of 1932 only seven per cent, and
in 1933 again thirteen per cent (see Table 2, page 22).

One might draw varied conclusions from these figures, such
as the facetious one that the professional people were too
busy scrounging for any livelihood in those days to serve

on Boards, or that business people in their zealous,frenetic
attempts to climb out of the slough of depression were mis-
trustful of those without business training. In any case,
from 1934 on the professions have played a dominant part

on the Family Service Agency's Board. Since 1946 they

have filled over fifty per cent of the Board memberships,
except for the year 1952. This may be attributable to
several things: there are many more professions and more
professional people today than in the-twenties; the profes-
sional's training often leads him to a genuine concern

for and interest in social problems; and the public in
recent years appears to have a greater respect for and
acceptance of the professional person.

Industry's-role on the Board was much more dominant
in the twenties and until 1935 than it has been since (see
Tables 2 and 3, pages 21 and 22). This may be due to the
magnitude of industries today and their consequently less
personalized atmospheres and interests. Also in the twen-
ties social work was still largely thought of as charity

and those who were able to liberally dispense largesse

27
were thought of, probably, as those who should administrate
social agencies, i.e. wealthy industrialists.

Public officials is another classification that has
had relatively little representation on this agency's Board.
From 1920 till 1928 there were none. In 1928 till 1933
they represented seven per cent of the total Board, as
shown in Table 2, page 22, except for 1930 when they rose
to thirteen per cent. It was not until 1942 that public
offiCials again were represented with seven per cent. In
two years 1943 and 1944 they climbed to thirteen per cent,
but in 1945 through 1950 they fell back to seven per cent,
but for thirteen per cent in 1948. Since 1952, when the
Board was enlarged, there have been only two years covered
by this study, 1952 and 1957, when they had any represen-
tation, five per cent. It is assumed that there are three
important reasons why these findings-pertain: (1) often
officials gain and lose public offices at fairly frequent
intervals, so that a man elected in one year as mayor of a
city, or as prosecuting attorney, may a year or two later
have returned to his original occupation; (2) public
officials have little free time; (3) public officials
holding state positions, as in Lansing, may leave the city
because they are not re—elected or reappointed, or because
their offices are transferred.

Business has had prominent representation on the
Family Service Agency Board since the beginning. In 1920

business, along with industry and the professions,

28

controlled the Board entirely, one-third, one-third, and
one—third (see Table 2, page 22). The following year busi-
ness rose to fifty-three per cent and in 1922 to sixty per
cent. The high year for business representation was 1932
when it has sixty-Six per cent. Since 1946 there has been

a gradual decline in business representation, except for a
sporadic spurt to thirty-two per cent in 1952. In general,
it is noted that as the composition of the Board has increased
with professional people ithas decreased with business per-
sonnel. The years 1949 and 1957 have had the lowest busi-
ness representation with thirteen per cent and ninteen per
cent, respectively. Businessmen and women have been con-
sidered essential to any board of directors because
financing and budgeting are such vital components in the
operation of any social agency. The banker, the financier,
the certified public accountant, the good business executive
are usually the ones selected to carry the responsibility

of treasurer, chairman of the finance committee, and chair-
man of the budget committee. Their knowledge is invaluable
in the running of any agency. '"Boards of directors need

businesslike methods. ."1

The decline of business repre-
sentation cannot be viewed with alarm, for business still
composes approximately one-fifth of the Board membership

and only makes way, since 1950, for broader general

 

fi —VV fifiw w— fiw wv—f

lSorenson, The Art of Board Membership, op. cit., p.

 

146.

29

representation, except for the professional group that

predominates, as was noted previously.

‘Sex

From 1920 to 1942 women comprised approximately one—
fourth of the Board, as shown on Tables 2 and 3, pages 22
and 23. There were years when they Slipped below, as
thirteen per cent in 1928 and 1929, and 1933 when they
c1imbed to one-third, with some years nearer one-fifth.
But from 1942 on women have played a more dominant role.
They have averaged close to forty per cent of the Board‘s
composition, and in 1957 they hit a peak of forty-eight per
cent. There are many explanations for this, probably.
Women are freer to participate in activities outside their
homes than they were in the twenties and before. Women
have more time to give to social work, usually, than men.
More women are better educated and consequently more keenly
interested in the world around them than in the early part
of the century. Possibly with their emancipation and
better educations women‘s Judgments on matters outside the
home are more respected by men than they were, in general,
years ago.

From 1920 to 1934 only one non-homemaker served on
Family Service Agency's Board, but from then on through
1957 there is a liberal sprinkling of women representing
other endeavors (see Table 3, page 23). Interestingly, no

woman has represented business in her own right.

m_‘.___
~._—‘ .. ‘-

30

The 1957 composition of the Board gives almost equal
representation to men and women (see Tables 1 and 2, pages
21 and 22). This trend, and it has been building up since
1943, with intermittent Slips backward, may be Significant
of a national trend. This is not known. If it is the case,
it may well indicate another example of the growing equality
of the sexes. Lansing Family Service Agency gives proof

on the local scene,at least.

$2

One sees under the category of age no representation
under thirty years, except in 1920, 1931, 1932, and 1933.
(see Tables 1 and 2, pages 21 and 22). The group from
thirty through thirty-four has small representation but
for the years 1921, 1922, 1927, 1928, 1934, 1935, and 1936.
The group sixty and over has even smaller representation
and, like the two previous groups mentioned, no represen-
tation at all in the majority of years. It is observable
that the groups from thirty-five through fifty-four, with
a small percentage in the group from.fifty-five through
fifty-nine, except for twenty-three per cent in 1957, carry
the bulk of the Family Service Agency's representation.
This would be anticipated inasmuch as seldom does one gain
enough stature in his chosen field to be considered as a
representative person until he is at least thirty—five.
Likewise, after fifty-four an individual is apt to take

the attitude of "let John do it--I've done my share," or

31

such a person is apt to feel he no longer has the energy or
strength to participate actively in extra-curricular pro-
Jects. It may be noted here that many in the groups from
fifty-five through fifty-nine and from sixty and over came
on the Family Service Agency Board of Directors at an
earlier age and advanced in years during their tenure, as

reflected in Tables 1 and 2, pages 21 and 22.

Religion

Protestant dominance on this Board (shown in Tables
1 and 2, pages 21 and 22) would be expected in a Protestant
community such as Lansing. The Jewish representation is
higher proportionately than the Jewish population of
Lansing (see Table 4, page 32). There have been only three
years in which no Jews served. The Catholics have been
unrepresented in only four years, and in 1957 this was
due to the conversion of an individual to another faith.
The presence in Lansing of the Catholic Social Service
Agency since December, 1948, has been a contributing factor
to the lack of greater representation of Catholics on the

Family Service Agency Board, it might seem.

Race

 

Negroes were unrepresented on this Board until 1952.
However, since that year the Negro representation on the

Board has been proportionately higher than the Negro

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32

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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33

population of Lansing (see Table 4, page 32), though this

has reportedly grown even since 1950.1

 

1 fiv—v—v a

1Michigan State Health Department, Bureau of Census;
Michigan Development Center, Michigan State University; and
Dr. Clinton Canady.

CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The purpose of this study was to examine the six
hundred and six terms of office served by laymen on the
Lansing Family Service Agency Board of Directors from 1920
through 1957 and to find any changes in board size and com-
position, if there were such. Another stated purpose was
to see if these changes, if any, were reflections of the
changing Lansing and American scenes, and of social work
philosophy and practice.

It was hypothesized that over an extended period
changes occur in a community as regards population size
and composition, types of industry,and other employment.

As a result of changes, if any, it could be assumed stan-
dards and values as regards representation on boards would
be reflected.

The original hypotheses were proven correct. Greater
Lansing grew from 59,216 in 1920 to 112,554 in 1950, and
to an estimated 133,780 in 1956 (see Table 4, page 32).

The Catholic and Negro populations increased markedly.

Both Oldsmobile Corporation and Fisher Body have

expanded tremendously over these years, and many smaller

industries have sprung up.

34

35

The State government has expanded its services and
personnel to meet the highly growing requirements of a
rapidly growing state.

Michigan State University has increased ten-fold.

This study revealed that in keeping with the growth
of Greater Lansing, and in concert with the thinking of
family agencies and others throughout the United States,
the Board of Directors of Family Service Agency expanded
from fifteen to twenty-one members in 1952.

In conjunction with social work philosophy, demo-
cratic principles generally and the growth in Negro popu-
lation, Negroes have been on the Board of Directors since
1952.

Labor has been represented in the Board's composition
since 1933, with some gaps inbetween that year and 1957.
This, too, reflects broad social work philosophy, as well
as the growth of the labor population, though represen-
tation has been disproportionate, as was stated previously
in Chapter III.

Industry or management's representation on the Board
has decreased, as previously pointed out, as might be
expected with Lansing's population growth and consequent
increase of the middle class, i.e. business and professional
people.

Religious composition of the Board has altered little,

if any, over the thirty-seven year period, despite the

 

 

36

fact that the Catholic population of the community has
grown greatly. However, a possible explanation for these
findings was drawn in Chapter III in relation to the
creation of the Catholic Social Service Agency.

The age category, as might be expected, has altered
little over the years.

The female representation shows an increase from a
little over one-fourth to almost a half from 1920 to 1957
(see Table 2, page 22). This change in the Board‘s composi-
tion reveals a national trend in reference to woman's multi-
hatted capacities in the United States, especially in the
past twenty or twenty—five years.

According to all of the authorities previously cited
and according to the record of the agency itself, it may
be safely said that Lansing‘s Family Service Agency over
the years has become more representative and has been
forward-looking in its administrative policies as regards
its Board of Directors. It has been ahead of its contem-
poraries in many instances, e. g. rotating boards.

The writer has seen the possibility of future projects
of interest unfold from this study. A comparison of time
served on a board, within constitutional limits, of course,
and occupation might be of value. One would then have to
ascertain what occupations keep an individual within a
community for a relatively long duration and what types of

employment necessitate frequent moves. An extended study

37

of attendance records as related to occupation and sex
might be of interest. Another project that would bear
exploration is the connection between occupation and

officer material on this, or any board. The writer believes
there are inferences that might be drawn and proved, or

disproved, in all these areas of administration.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Green, Helen D. Social Work Practice in Community Organi-
zation. NewfiYbrk: ‘Whiteside, Inc., 1954.

 

Johns, Ray and DeMarche, David F. Communitngrganization
and Agency Responsibility. NeW‘York: Association
Press, 1951. II

 

Johns, Ray. Executive Responsibility. New York:
Associafidn Press, l954.’ '

King, Clarence. Social Agency Boards and How to Make Them
Effective. ‘New”Ybrk: ‘Harper and Brothers, 1938.

7* f-vvfi

Kidneigh, John C. '"Administration of Social Agencies;"
Social Work Year Book. New York: National Association

5? Social workers, 1957.

 

 

 

Rich, Margaret E. A Belief in People, A History4of Family
Social Work. ‘NeW'Ybrk: Family Service Association
of America, 1956.

 

Sorenson, Roy. How to be a Board or Committee Member.
New‘York: Association‘Press, 1953.

. The Art of Board Membership. New York: Associ-
ation Press, 1951.

Street, Elwood. A Handbook for Social Agency Administration.
New York: 'Harper andfiBrothers, 1947.

Trecker, Harleigh B. Group Process in Administration. New
York: Woman's PreSS,‘1946, revised 1955. '

Watson, Frank Dekker. The Charity Or anization MOvement in
the united States. ‘New‘YorkS' ‘e'MachIIan”company,
1922. I

Wish, Harvey. Contemporary America, the National Scene
Since 1900. New Ybrkk' Harper and Brothers, 1945.

 

38

.—-—._

39

Articles, Monographs, and Pamphlets

Alexander, Chauncey A. and McCann, Charles. "The Concept
of Representativeness in Community Organization,"
Social Work, Vol. 1, No. 1 (January, 1956).

Gordon, William E. ’"Toward Basic Research in Social Work."
St. Louis, Mo.: George Warren Brown School of Social
Work, Washington University, 1951.

"The Board Member of A Family Agency;" Family Welfare
Association of American, New York, 1944.

McLean, Francis H. '"The Family Society-~Joint Responsi-
bility of Board, Staff, and Membership;" American
Association for Organizing Family Social Work, New
York, 1927.

Reportsand;Manuals

 

Board Manual. Jewish Social Service Bureau of Detroit,
' *‘Detroit, Michigan, 1945.

 

Family Service Agency, Lansing, Michigan. Annual Report,
.193951940. ‘Ifi' WI

Family Service Agency, Lansing, Michigan. Annual Report,
1951. II ' II

Family Service Agency, Lansing, Michigan. Annual Report,
19520 i v

Social Service Bureau. Annualegport, 1935.

 

. Annual Report, 1937.

. AnnualfiReport, 193871939.
. Annual Report, 1939-1940.
. Annuai Report, 1941-1942.

The Lansing Associated Charities. Second Annual Report,
19‘112 - l 9jl~3 o ' ' V '

 

. Third Annual Report, 1913-1914.

rwfifi

 

Newspapers

 

Lansing State Journal (files).

4O

gnpublishethaterial

Richmond, A1. ‘"A Study of the Composition and Character-
istics of Health, Welfare, Recreation, and Community
Organization Agencies Functioning under Public or
Voluntary Auspices in Terms of the Administrative
Aspects of the Community Organization Factors
Involved." Unpublished Master‘s thesis, Department
of Social Work, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan, 1952.

Spaulding, Gladys (Mrs. Rupert). "History of Social
Service Bureau of Lansing, Michigan, 1909-1936;"
Some of the material gathered from the files of the

Lansinngtaie Journal.

APPENDIX

 

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

 

A R T I C L E S O F A S S O C I A T I O N

(As Amended - January 31, 1949)
AND

B Y - L A W’S

(Adopted - April 18, I949)

FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY OF LANSING, MICHIGAN
Member of

GREATER LANSING COMMUNITY CHEST

l:t°"’::.'""’

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
OF THE
THE ASSOCIATED CHARITIES OF LANSING, MICHIGAN .

We, the undersigned, being of full age, and desiring to become in-
corporated under the provisions of Act No. 171, of the Public Acts of Michigan
for 1903. entitled ”An act for the incorporation of associations not for pecun-r
iary profit,” do hereby make, execute and adopt the following articles of asso-
ciation, to wit:

ARTICLE I.

The name or title by which said corporation is to be known in law
is, THE ASSOCIATED CHARITIES OF LANSING, MICHIGAN.

ARTICLE II.
The purpose or purposes for which it is formed are as follows:

To promote the general'welfare of the poor by social and sanitary
reform by industrial instruction, and by the inculcation‘ of habits of industry
and self dependence,“ and to assist and help in a charitable way all persons
in need of assistance, and by the establishment and maintenance of any activ-

ities to these ends.
ARTICLE III.

The principal office or place of business shall be at Lansing,
Michigan in the county of Ingham.

ARTICLE IV.

The tom of existence of this proposed corporation is fixed at
thirty years from the date of these articles.

ARTICLE V.
The number of trustees or directors shall be fifteen.
ARTICLE VI.

The names of the trustees or directors selected for the first year
of its existence are as follows:

Rev. James M. Collins, Lansing, Michigan
. Mr. Ray Potter n n
H. D. Bennett n :1
Homer W. Coppook I: n
Robert K. Orr _ n Is
James O'Connor n n
Oscar F. Jackson I: II
Harry Harper n n
3. H. Rhonda II 1:
Mrs. H. K. Roberts n n
U

D. A. Seeley "

Mrs. James 0. Matthews (Lansing, Michigan)
Mrs. S. M. Wershow " "
Mrs. Stowoll Stebbins " "
Ida L. Chittendon " "

ARTICLE VII.

The qualifications required of officers and members are as follows:
The society shall be composed of the following persons: (a) Members of com-
mittees and volunteer, friendly visitors, so long as they may continue in actual
work, (b) Contributing members (any person who shall contribute a sum of money
to the society annually)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, We, the parties hereby associating, have hereunto
subscribed our names, this 16th day of January A.D. 1918.

NAMES. WES.

J.M.Collins
Barry D. Bennett

1 Ray Potter
3

5 Robert K. Orr

7

9

Homer Coppock

James O'Connor

H. F. Harper

Mrs. H. K. Roberts
Mrs. James 0. Matthews
Mrs. Stowoll Stebbins.

Oscar F. Jackson
S.H. Rhoads
11 Dewey A. Seoley
13 Mrs. S. M. Worshow
15 Ida L. Chittendcn

ESSCDO‘rIO

STATE OF MICHIGAN )
) ss.
COUNTY OF INGRAM )

On this 16th day of January A.D. 1918, before me, a notary Public in
and for said county, personally appeared J.M.Collins, Ray Potter, Harvey D.
Bennett, Homer Coppock, Robert K. Orr, James O'Connor, Oscar F. Jackson, H. F,
Harper, S.H.Rhoads, Mrs. H.K.Roborts, Dewey A. Sooley, Mrs. James 0. Matthews1
Mrs. S.H.Worshow, Mrs. Stowell Stebbins, Ida L. Chittonden. known to me to be
the persons named in, and who executed the foregoing instrEnent, and severally
acknowledged that they executed the some freely and for the intents and pure
poses therein mentioned.

Antoinette E. Kull
Notary Public, Ingham Co. Mich.

My commission expires Feb. 28th 1920.
Recorded Jan. 17th,l918.

CERTIFICATE OF.AMENDMENT TO THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
or _T_H_§ .
THE ASSOCIATED CHARITIES 0F LANSING, MICHIGAN
P.O. ADDRESS Lansing, Michigan

We, the undersigned, being the president and the secretary of Eh:
The Associated Charities of Lansing, Michigan, a corporation organized under
the provisions of Act No. 171, of the Public Acts of Michigan for 1903, and
being a corporation existing under the provisions of Act No. 814 of the Public
Acts of 1921, do hereby certify, as required by section 9, Chap. 1, Part II
of said act:

That at the regular annual meeting of the members of said corpora-
tion and held at the office of said company on the eleventh day of October,
A.D. 1921, it was resolved, by a majority vote of the members of said corpor-
ation, that Article No. I of the articles of association.be and the same is
amended so as to read as follows, viz.:

ARTICLE I.

The name or title by which said corporation is to be known in law
is "Social Service Bureau of Lansing, Nflchigan."

That in and by the terms of said resolution said change of name

was directed to be effective as of December 28, 1920.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF we hereunto sign our names this eleventh day
of‘OotOber A.D.1921.

Edwin W. Bishop
President.

Sara A. Brown
Secretary.

‘Filed.0ct. 3, 1922.

 

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-h,

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO THE
ARTICLES OF ASSOCATION
OF THE
SOCIAL SERVICE BUREAU

P.0.ADDRESS Lansing, Michigan

‘We, the undersigned, being the president and secretary of the Social
Service Bureau, a corporation existing under the provisions of Act No. 8h of
the Public Acts of 1921, as amended, do hereby certify, as required by section
9, Chap. 1, Part II of said act:

That at a.meoting of the stockholders of said corporation expressly
called for the purpose of amending its articles of association and hold at
the Temple House company' on the 5th day of November, A.D.l950, it was resolved,
by a majority vote of the membership present of said corporation, that ’
.Articlc Nb. VII of the articles of association be and the same is amended so
as to road as follows, viz.:

ARTICLE VII.

(a) Any individual who shall have signified his interest in the
purposes of tho corporation.by signing a membership application and paying
the membership dues of $1.00 per year.

(b) All members of the Board of Directors who are regularly elected to
the Directorate at any annual meeting of the Bureau, or any member of the
Board of Directors elected by the Board of Directors to fill a vacancy on
said Board.

(0) Any individual who contributes money directly to the Social Service
Bureau shall be entitled to one membership in said Bureau, the sum of $1.00
from their contribution to be applied on their membership; it being distinctly
provided, however, that contributions indirectly received by the Bureau shall
not entitle the donor to membership privileges, namely, contributions thru

the Community'Welfare Fund, unless a special designation on their card to the
Community welfare Fund designates that the money shall be paid directly to

the Bureau.

IN'WITNESS'WHEREOF, W6 hereunto sign our names this 15th day of
November A,D. 1950.

Charles 0. Sprawl President.
Ruth Bowen Secretary.

Filed NOV. 17, 1930.

-5-

CERTIFICATE OF ANENDMENT TO THE
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

of
SOCIAL SERVICE BUREAU OF LANSING, MICHIGAN
REGISTERED OFFICE: Lansing, Michigan.
'We, the undersigned, being the President and Secretary of the
Social Service Bureau of Lansing, Michigan

a corporation existing under the provisions of Act No. 327 of the Public Acts of
1931, as amended, do hereby certify, as required by said act:

That at a meeting of the Members of said corporation duly called and held on
the Blst day of January A.D.19b9, it was resolved by the vote of a majority of the
‘Members of each class entitled to vote and by a.majority of the Members of each.
class whose rights, privileges or preferences are changed thereby, that Articles
No. I,II,IV, and VII of the Articles of Incorporation be and the same are amended
to read as fellows,viz.:

ARTICLE I

The name or title by which said corporation is to be known in law is FAMILY SERVICE
AGENCY OF LANSING, MICHIGAN

ARTICLE II
The purpose or purposes for which it is formed are as follows:
(1) To offer casework service to families and individuals.

(2) To make such adjustments and arrange for such care as will serve the welfare
of the individual and the best interests of society where normal family life is
not possible.

(3) To accept responsibility for the initiation and development of programs to
educate for family living and to prevent family and individual breakdown.

(h) To help other groups through counsel and service in constructive approaches
to problems of individuals and families for which they may feel some responsibility.

(5) Terenceurage and promote education and training for social work.

(6) ~Te encourage and participate in the promotion of community programs for social
betterment.

(7) To provide legal service under policies jointly appreved.by the Board of
Directors of the Family Service Agency and the Advisory Committee of the Ingham
County Bar Association.

(8) To act as Trustee for any funds entrusted to it for the promotion or execution
of any of the purposes above set forth or for the promotion or execution of any plan
or the administration thereof, of a charitable or benevolent nature. Further to

act as an adviser or administrator to any trust fund wherein the purposes set forth
are of a benevolent or charitable nature.

.6.
ARTICLE IV

The term of existence of this corporation shall be in perpetuity in accordance
'with Section 6h of Act. No. 327 of the Public Acts of Michigan for 1931.

ARTICLE VII

The qualifications for officers and members shall be those set forth in the
by-laws of this corporation.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we hereunto Sign our names this 16 day of February'A.D.l9h9.
Social Service Bureau of Lansing, Michigan

BY Leota Abrams
(President)

Gladys Spaulding,
(Acting Secretary)

STATE OF.MICHIGAN ) ss.
COUNTY OF Ingham )

on this 16 day of February, 19h9, before me a Notary Public in and for said
County, appeared Leota Abrams (President) of the Social Service Bureau of Lansing,
Michigan, known to me to be the person named in, and.whe executed the foregoing
instrument, and acknowledged that he executed the same freely and for the intents
and purposes therein mentioned.

Dorothy Alice Sweeney
Notary Public, Ingham County, Mich.
My Commission Expires Jan. 15, 1951.

Filed

Howard M. Warner, Commissioner
Michigan Corporation and
Securities Commission

£______‘__ __

BY-LAWS
FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY 0F LANSING, MICHIGAN
ARTICLE I
Membership
The membership shall consist of all persons whose written application, there- ‘
for, shall be approved annually by the Board of Directors at the second Board
meeting following the annual meeting. The term of membership shall be for one year
following the approval of the Board. Each member shall have the right in person
to vote upon any proposal presented for decision at any meeting of members.

ARTICLE II

_B9ard of Directors

 

The property and business of this corporation shall be held and managed.by
the Board of Directors consisting of fifteen (15) members of this corporation,
five (5) of whom shall be elected by ballot at each annual meeting hereafter to
serve a term of three (3) years from the fifteenth of the month next following
their election and until their successors are duly elected. No director who has
served two (2) terms shall be elected to succeed himself. The Board Shall have
power to fill all vacancies occurring in any office and in its own body. The
Board may determine when a vacancy exists and shall have power to fill that
vacancy.

ARTICLE III
Duties of Board of Directors
The duties and powers of the Board of Directors shall be

(a) to manage the affairs of the corporation between.meetings of the mem-
berahip
(b5 to adept policies, regulations, and byblaws necessary for the attain-
ment of the purposes of the corporation,

(c) to receive and dispurse funds and to accept and dispose of preperty,

(d) to employ a General Secretary to carry out the duties assigned to him
by.the Board of Directors,

(e) to attend Board.meetings and to serve on committees of the Board.

ARTICLE IV
Officers

‘Within one (1) month following the annual meeting, the Board of Directors
shall elect as officers of this corporation a President, a Vice president, a
Treasurer, and a General Secretary, each of whom, except the General Secretary,
shall be members of the Board.‘ The officers shall serve for a term of one (1)
year from the fifteenth of the second.month following the beginning of the fiscal
year and until their successors are duly elected.

BybLaws (Continued)
-2-

ARTICLE V
Dutiesppf foicers

President and Vice president -- The President, or in his absence the Vice
president, shall preside at all meetings of the corporation and of its Board of
Directors. The President shall be chairman of the Executive Committee and ex
officie member of all other committees. The Vice president shall perform the
duties of the President in the absence of the President, in case of his resig—
nation,or his inability to perform his duties.

Treasurer -- The Treasurer shall supervise and manage all corporate funds
and securities and shall see that a full and accurate account of all receipts and
disbursements is given to the Board of Directors.

The General Secretary - The General Secretary shall be the only paid officer.
His salary, condition of employment, and duties shall be fixed by the Board. Sub~
ject to the direction of the Treasurer, the General Secretary Shall deposit all
moneys, securities, and other valuable effects in the name of the corporation in
such depository as may be designated for that purpose by the Board of Directors.
He shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the Board,
take proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Directors
whenever requested.by them an account of all his transactions and the financial
condition of the corporation, All written instruments, including checks, drafts,
and orders for payment of money shall be signed in the name of the corporation
by such officers or agents as the Board of Directors shall from time to time
designate.

ARTICLE VI
Committees
The President shall annually appoint the following committees:

An Executive Committee Consisting of the President, Vice president, Treasurer,
and chairman of the Personnel Committee. The Executive Committee shall have power
to act for the Board in the interim of its meetings. Three (3) members shall con-
stitute a quorum.

A Finance Committee consisting of the Treasurer as chairman and not less than
two (2) other members of the Board, which shall

(a) have supervision of the annual budget and its preparation,

(b) recommend to the Board action to be taken on all financial transactions,

(0) provide for an annual audit of the books of the corporation,

(d) have direction of entrusted funds.

A Personnel Committee which consists of four (h) members of the Board.
A Nominations Committee of three (3) members of the Board.

Such other committees as the Board shall deem advisable for the preper dis-
tribution of the work of the corporatidn.

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ARTICLE VI(Continued)

A Personnel Committee consisting of four (h) members of the Board.

 

A Nominating:Committoe consisting of three (3) members of the Board.

 

Sach other committees as the Board shall deem advisable for the proper dis-
tribution of the work of the corporation.

ARTICLE VII

Board meetings

 

The Board of Directors shall hold regular monthly meetings except during
July and August on a day to be fixed by the Board. Special meetings Shall be
called by the Secretary at the request of the President or of any five (5) meme
bers of the Board; at least five (5) days' official notification shall be given
to each Board member specifying the business to be brought forward at such special
meetings.

Nine (9) members shall constitute a quorum.

ARTICLE VIII

Annual Meetings

 

The fiscal year of the corporation Shall coincide with that of the United
Community Chest of Ingham.County, Inc.

The annual meeting of the corporation shall be held within thirty (30) days
following the be inning of the fiscal year on a date set by the Board of Directors.
At least ten (10 days' previous written notification thereof shall be mailed to
each member at his last known address.

Special meetings of the corporation shall be called by'the Secretary at the
request of the President or of any five (5) members of the Board. At least five
(5) days' previous official notification Shall be given to each member specifyb
ing the business to be brought forward. Twenty-five (25) members of this corpora-
tion Shall constitute a quorum at the annual meeting or any special meeting of
the corporation.

ARTICLE IX
Amendment of Bylaws

 

The Bylaws may be amended at any regular meeting of the Board of Directors
by'a majority'vote of the Board members, provided the nature of the amendment
Shall have been given to the Board members in writing at least seven (7) days
before the regular meeting of the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE x

Robert's Rules of Order Shall govern in any instance not herein otherwise
provided for.

I. Adopted January lb, 1953

 

.1

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT TO THE
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

OF
FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY 0F LANSING, MICHIGAN
REGISTERED OFFICE: 573 Hollister Building Lansing 8, Michigan
We, the undersigned, being the President and Secretary of the
FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY 0F LANSING, MICHIGAN

a corporation existing under the provisions ofAAct No. 327 of the Public Acts of
1931, as amended, do hereby certify, as required by said set:

That at a meeting of the members of said corporation duly called and held on
the 30 day of January A.D. 1951, it was resolved by the vote of a majority of the
members of each class entitled to vote and by a majority of the members of each
class whose rights, privileges or preferences are changed thereby, that Article
No. V and Article No. III of the Articles of Incorporation be and the same are
amended to read as follows, viz.:

ARTICLE V

The number of directors shall be twenty-one after January 1, 1952. Until
January 1, 1952 the number of directors shall be fifteen.

ARTICLE III

The location of the registered office is 573 Hollister Building, Lansing 8,
Michigan, county of Ingham. The postoffice address of the registered office is
573 Hollister Building, Lansing 8, Michigan.

IN WITNESS WHEREDF, we hereunto Sign our names this 10 day of May, A.D. 1951.

FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY OF LANSING, MICHIGAN

BY Charles E. Sherry
(President)

Gladys Spauld‘ing
STATE OF MICHIGAN )ss. (Secretary)
COUNTY OF Ingham )
On this 10 day of May, 1951, before me a Notary Public in and for said
County, appeared Charles E. Sherry (President) of the FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY OF
LANSING, MICHIGAN known to me to be the person named in, and who executed the

foregoing instrument, and acknowledged that he executed the same freely and for
the intents and purposes therein mentioned.

Dorothy Alice Sweeney

Notary Public, Ingham County, Mich.
Filed l‘b' Commission Expires Jan. 15, 1955
May 21, 1951
John R. Dykema, Commissioner
Michigan Corporation and
Securities Commission

 

 

 

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