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I.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF
EARLY VOLUMETRIC CHANGE IN
CONCRETE

Them for thagm of B. S.
MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE

George E. Snyder
194.7

THESIS

 

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.WIH!¢A“‘I|'11‘II‘I\’-1I1‘ul . .

An Excerlmcntnl Study of Early Volumetric

Change in Ccncrete

A Thesis Submitted to

The Faculty of
4:0HIGAN STATE COLLEGE

of

AGRICULTURE AID AFFLIED SCIEICE

by

('1 "‘ CV
Jccrde a. anv
\— ‘ “A

DJ

91"

Candidate for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science

June 1947

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and ”r. Rho

, far thcir aSFlstCJCe ani

Jim

The original purpose of this experiment was twofold.

First, and most important, it we

0)

desired to set uo the
apparatus so that it would function properly, and to es—
tablish a tentative course of frocedure to be followed in

further work along this line.

Ir. Charles E. Wuerpel has done similar work in the

C

hast, but he failed to describe his apparatus in detail,
and further failed to outline his method of procedure in

detail so that it could be readily dupliceted.*

Secondly, it was hOped that some admixture, or com-
binations of admixtures, could be discovered which, when
added to concrete, would prevent an appreciable c_ntraction
in the concrete at an early age. It is a long recognized
feet that such eerly age contraction produces cracks in
the concrete, thereby greatly reducing its strength. It
follows logically that the control of this contractin will

improve the strength of the concrete.

* cf. Journal of the American Concrete Institue (Iro~

 

ceedings Volume 42) February, 19A6

GRfifiRD (continued)

Although advancements have been made during this ex-
,eriment, the results are as th inconclusive, and a great
deal more research will be necessary to complete the work.
However, the method employed in this eXperiment is simple,

and no complicated or exceedingly expensive equinme

t is

:5

required.

Furthermore, since research along this line is more
or less a "trial and error" affair, repetitions of the
attempts outlined in this report are unnecessary except

L

as a corroborative measure.

I LA-L'

mhe enuinnent for one set—up corsists of the follOWir”:

l——12" dessicetor with e lid hevino e short peek end

{:1
y.
;.

orifice +o receive 9 ruhher stopper

l-—EO ml. burette with stopcock greruqted to 0.1 ml.

l——ruhher stopper which will fit the hole in the lid of

the doseicotor, end which hes a hole of e proper size

to receive the stem of the hurette.*

9—-ll" s+urdv, risid "C"clamps

Annroximetelv 15" of no. 76 fa. cooper wire ( or fnv suit-

g.‘
- v

ehlo device to prevent the r bher stopper frim hoino

'F‘n vw. '1‘." “we-3n". VI 7 "9er 4- A +‘-- ‘~ “WM-q r_-"-- n4- 4 n ‘--‘~ 05; r? 'I': 44’s“ h + ion
J../4. .1 "._ J.‘-'JI ; .g J.-... . i L i - .JV ....L.I 44. ' -n. :15. ...;. L. I
— U
"3"'."". am A
-‘.- L- '. , '. I‘ .
'H' m‘a \ an 1‘1AAV‘D *4 ~ fisrxfifi r~11rxw1jr=l 1p.“ Fm rufirj-i P" fir‘ -r~\‘$"]n+4ni‘1
.— -. .a. l I _. . ~.A._. .. 4 ., _ _ - 4.!) s _.

tends to deform under nre*srro end is more difficult

to fix firmly in piece.

“PAI?'YT\:‘)"117'11

u—n J""" . -.. . ..

(Cfir+*hu¢fi)

J-~. _..

1—-Ctfirflqri rnskhtbfill “Tfia”wr*

t_/

fi' N“ A 1 V".‘ + 1" "' ‘. A ‘0 l' \r' .'~- r‘ '~ I: r. ‘3‘ .-~ 4- 4- ... n Y‘ i ‘ “
1——-aun~r u-L¢ 9 Hid: ;l¢¢ a ah: 0 r“ Cqéfi “m cm

A. ‘1 L,; L/

91"“??? ‘fil’hrjf’flw 1f ?” " h
‘J_,. --.. ._-_ -.,- ._ ..

U

1——Ofinrt1rt tfififijrfltqre 59th

l-"°¢k0t t; fit aQWQiCQtfir 1*fl @wsknt “1011i hréfwrvblv

._A

‘0

_ 1" ‘ fl .‘_ w ‘ P o
d“ mafia Cf 1/9 rwbber {dsxet muterlfil.

‘7' . F'. I“. v ‘A n 1 - ,q -- 1 .
3°49} + nflm’ wv. Md” 1» use» “LnC? sucn an arranre—

V

PACTCCREP'S C'iT‘VIFTG EQUIPTTETTT 53"T‘..UP

VA h“

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Arrangement of sample in dessicator. Arrangement of clamns
on lid of dessicator.

“ (‘ I fl fi“ ' '\’T‘fi V! IPA ’Tn TV"
STETPD TC BEL BLLL D 1,. T\J‘\UI-J TA”

...J

equipment end materials laid out

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and readily accesseble to minimize the laps; of time
between the addiqion of the mixing water and the first
observation of the heifbt of the water in the burette.
This step should also include the removal of the

bladder valve if a standard bladder is used.

Add the mixine water and place the concrete in the
bladder, usine the funnel to prevent spillare which

would ruin the bond of the rubber cement.

York the bladder with an upward motion of the hands

to force all extraneous air to the surface.

Apply the rubber cement, allowing it to dry moment-

arily.

.‘

Let one person press downward with both hHfiQS n the
bladder until the concrete is at the same level as

the edges of the hole in the bladder. As soon as this
has been accomplished, a second person may apply the
patch. This is the step that is the most important,
since this is the last opportunity to remove the

extraneous air.*

fihen using the standard bladier, better results will
be obtained with mixes whose slumps d not exceed 3".

If the Dewey & Almy bladder is used, the slump may be

increased appreciably and sealing will be facilitated.

\O

10.

Having already applied a this coet of stopcock grease

to the ground surfeces 01 tee dessicetor and its lid,

3nd to the surfaCcs of the eeske , place the sample in
the dessicetor and fill the dessicator with water.

and finish fill-

inr the dessicstor with water.“ At this time, Why air

etion and by tapping the dessicit

~_ a— v ~

f" §

1".

L)

:lice the 8"“" 01810“ around the lip of the dessi-

dem firmly in place. Two or three thin cerd—
beerd shims mdy be used between tho lip of the clamp
and the surfdce of the elsss if the clsmns have a

trjhriC-I’lC’f f0 Slip.

Insert the burette into the steeper find fill burette

to within ennroyinetelv 10 ml. of the top. Annlv a

thin cost of stepcock fredse to rubber steeper.

see the burette end stopper assembly into the hole
' ‘: 4.. ' '. .\ ,. , ..
in tee dessicacor lid. «ire or otherwise Secure this

assembly firmly in plece.

After havinc ascertsined that there are no leaks

eryplacc in the entire essefiblv, nut it in the etnstant

tempersture oath and mike the initial readinfi.

All wetor which is place in tee desc ester end burette

th

should first 3e either boiled or distilled to remove

into the deceiootor

gzkfl’xwifiora
‘.D."-—l—l A .. —' -~

Fir

will

'Thj 4 r'
.~ . m .L b~..‘

(j. (I
(.4. F)

be

water ShflUld he

siphoned

outlined in order thwt

.be-rhed into the

water

a

due

After the dessicators were slaced in the bath, reed-
inqs were teken et convenient intervals to determine the
height of weter in the burette. This information, alone

with time and the temperature of the wetor in the bath,

c+
.5”

was entered in .e dots sheet.

It was found teat no correction wes necesscrv to
compensate for evenoretion in the burette because the
correction was small enough to be nemligible. However, a
variation of 0.50 in the temperature of the wster produced
a very sporecieble difference in the reedirr. Temperature

corrections were ennlied using 75

When the graphs were plotted, the volume chenres

k .

W”re entered as a percent of the totel volune of the sample.

Anv bleedint water found inside the bladder was
accounted for by oddinfi its weight to the weight of water
in the deesicntor so thet its change in volume due to a

tempereture change could be recorded.

It was imrossiole to make a temperature correction
on the volume of the concrete itself because its thermal
coefficient of exnension varies as the concrete sets.
After the concrete sets, its coefficient of expansion is
small enoueh to be disregerded for the purposes of this

experiment.

I II X DA '7‘ A

In every case, the amount of mixing weter was con-

trolled by slump tests, all slumps being held between

With the exception of the batch contoinin: vinsol
resin, ell aqrregetes were held to a cons.ent rrooortion,
with the admixtures heinc the only variable. The batch

containing vinsol resin was mixed with 3 different Dro—

oortion of ergregetes so that it would conform to the

p ‘ F' C: I r“ “
stendsrfls of toe Michigan ctote Highway Desertmcnt.

31x DATA (continued)

Prorortions for course avrrgoato (all hvtchoc):

1 /Q 'l —:]:_n
J. ‘_

r ,4
I-

A.

g -; —--—-------------——--—--35p
& "-—1"-——-—-—---—--——-------—-,5;
Probortion: op affroffite tad connnf Po“ %"+Ch cortaining
vintol rosin:
F.L.--—--—--——--------———-215 lbs.

C-A----———-----—--------—-344 1kg.

L‘

Cement——~--- ------- -——---- 94 lbs.

Vinsol Resin---C.Cl§ wt. of cement

Proportions of afiéregqto and cowont for the romainflsr of

the batches:
T" A .1
r .. .~----~~—-----~-r.'-——--D--22) Lbs.
.,.n.---———---——— -——-——-d I J. .4. k.

KC)
J>
PJ
0‘
m
0

Amounts of admixtures usod:
P13}, ‘ésh--———I----———-l//5 "'It. Of 09310111.)
HYiTOI‘91-----l.5 ”a1. por hack of cement

Iron Bond--—-5 loo. oer sack of comon

Time

1246
1357
1451
1545
1630
1743
2140
2333
0120
1150
1340
1740
2151
2206
1200
1317
1830

'3
‘ C

16.11
14.85
14.37

" An
1-) .UU

16.30
24.45
26.95

29.65.

38.84
39.50
42.00
43.16
43.26
51.25
52.83

53.39

(\1 ‘n3

DATA gr}

Plain Concrete—~Uater Tempei

g .
.1].

2T

6*
C
"5
(D
C)
Q

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4L2oo

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T\ ,m C ‘17?“
L’An‘ [& Lilli J‘.‘L‘_Jl

Plain Concrete with Vinsol R0012
Wfiter Temperature Corrected to 750

AC 151(5) '33 ;(,1) CC
38.00 .000 x x x
36.32 .049 29.06 .000 X
59.44 + .042 28.97 .003 29.21
39.25 - .036 27.66 .040 25.81
40.00 - .059 29.16 .030 26.11
41.09 - .090 28.73 .007 26.29

41.09 - .101 29.23 - .005 26.79
42.69 - .136 29.93 - .025 26.2
43.40 - .157 30.15 - .032 27.40
44.60 - .192 31.10 - .059 28.20

44.7 - .196 32.50 - .099 29.55
47.34 _ .271 32.83 - .109 29.84
55.2 _ .792 15.79 - .552 45.61
54.19 - .760 47.78 - .540 44-98

64.24 - .762 47.81 — .540 45.03
65.16 - .787 49.99 — .603 47.00
67 7o - .865 51.93 - .660 49.29
69.00 - .900 53.75 - .712 51.40
71.14 - .962 56.43 - .788 54.14
72.7 -1.007 57.55 - .822 55.19
79.67 -1.210 63.35 — .988 60.88
78.90 -1.188 63.55 - .995 61.05
79.40 -1.205 64.10 -1.009 61.65
80.54 -1.235 65.33 -1.045 62.89
81.50 -1.263 66.25 -1.070 63.90
85.14 -1.570 70.18 -1.185 69.14
85.64 -1.383 70.68 -1.199 69.74

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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DATA SH WIT

Plain Concrete with Fly Ash Admixture
Water Temperature Corroctmd to 750

Time Ac 4(3) 30 5(i) CC 0(8)
2900 7.94 .000 x X X x
2915 8.19 — .009 1.57 000 x x
2289 9.39 - .037 3.07 — .038 x x
7325 10.54 - .069 4.51 - .075 4.37 .000
,2344 10.59 — .074 4.72 —..081 4.63 - .006
0028 12.40 - .117 6.60 - .1 9 7.00 - .066
0115 13.15 - .136 7.40 - .149 8.05 - .092
0905 27.20 — .495 0.60 - .495 22.00 _ 413
4.96 - .599 25.35 - .505

2
1044 30.86 — .590 2
1127 31.06 — .595 25.76 - 690 26~74 - ~551
1159 32.07 - .621 25.91 - .624 27.05 - .670
1507 35.20 — .710 29.40 - .714 31.60 - .684
1747 37.20 — .752 31.40 - .765 34.00 - .745
1823 37.45 - .759 31.80 - .775 34.50 - .758
1852 37.90 - .769 32.10 — .781 34.80 - -765
.1945 38.50 _ .795 32.60 - 795 35.40 - W7

0908 45.60 - .967 39.20 - .965 43.10 .965
1015 46.20 - .982 39.80 .980 43.80 - .990
1219 47.00 -1.002 40.40 - .996 44-60 —1.010
1345 47. 76 —1.021 42.16 -1.040 45.45 -1.031
1553 48.63 -1.o43 43.96 -1.084 47.69 ~1-191
'0815 53 19 -1.160 46.26 —1.145 51.18 -l-1'7LL
1000 54.33 -1.190 46.91 -1.160 52.19 -1.210

 

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Time

7583
1665
1795
1934
1933
1038
1219
2032
2260
0908
.1047
1200
1400
1853
{DATA

_. w a) v‘

A

C
15.10
22.63
25 .08
97 1Q
97 91_
64.92
:6 Q3

31.72
62.32
65 o 1-2
66.23
76.75
67.22
67.65
69.59

I
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70
xx

17

713::
34.63
40.34
41.14
46.43
4701...?
47.94
48.39
50.04

with HydrOpel

Corrected to 75-0

2(1)
X
.060

' 0112’?
.. 0’31
. _ ._

- .9271!“
_ 460
o . :u‘w'

_ 690
.,_ .11.

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_ .(‘JCJO
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-1 0/ 2
—1.120

RN

1} 0/1
19.00
21.12
5v.21

Cfx .619
..J L--

61. 71
62.61
67.61
' .82
24

(73 '7

“h—

50
60 75
71.28

:21

K.
o

C(fl)

X
‘f

.000

.128

-11040

1 0Q?

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“10¢ ‘
_1 207
.Lo_,’ I.‘
-1.411
-10 ’30
—1.481

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13.61:?!‘1 I )2“: I"?
Plain C0n0r9t9 with Iron a n1

Tater Temherature Corr ect2d to 750

AC 4(2) 9 2(3) C

6.73 .030 X x X
13.12 - .169 12. m4 .000 x
14.48 - .205 1/.14 - .032 13.28
15.07 — .947 15.14 - .03 12.94
PP.“O - .393 33.16 - .433 2?.66
29.65 — .307 35.26 — .479 31.5.
22.96 - .616 36. 47 - .504 33.17
3 .96 - .639 41. 77 - .616 36.42
3 99 - .333 42.97 - .636 39. 97
32.23 — .676 46.C7 - .697 41.92
33.14 - .700 49.97 - .799 46.53
49.45 -1.C30 95.49 - .CC4 91.72
43.74 — .033 9:. 77 - .912 5;.03
4‘ 99 -1.042 96.2 — .923 52.39

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(tow/11' 71c: TF1?”
U-_.~.u'»’.J. La;\.’.1
This set-up for the ennaretus has nroved to be very
setisfsctory. Powever, in continuing the work, obser—
vations should be made at regular intervals throughout

the entire time that the sample is in the bath. This

“J
u

could either be done y direct observation, or

still, by an eutometic photoerephic device.

The curves obtained on the plain concrete, vineol
resin, end fly ssh hatches were similar in nature to the
correspondine curves ohteined by Wuerpel, but the magni-

tude of the volumetric chenres varied from his. This

.+

may be at,ributed in port to the fact thet his mixes were

differently nroportionei.

It was discovered by accident that small chances in
the mix desinn will not materiallv chenee the tvne of

extension—contrsction curve. That is to 22y, if a mix is

90 desidhed that it will contract throufhont the period of
time required for setting, (0. 9. fly ash eemixture), merely
chenwine the wster-cement ratio, or varying the amount of

aggregates will not produce an expansion, but will only

ceuse a difference in the amount of contraction.

This would Rutgest thet one m‘st concentrete on dis-
covering 2 proper admixture if he is to nroduce en ex-

paniind concrete.

 

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I 1IIIIII| lFt‘IIEF3

303175 518