122
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i3: STEEBY‘ “f0 FEM} FEE RELAYEGNSREP
EBETWKLEN A l‘ifizfiefifiii‘éfl‘i‘fi MB A
FEFTEENaMEfiUFE CéLESTHENEC FRGGEAM
0N WYSECAL “3233

{7mm §cv filo Dogma a? M: A‘
RECHEGAE‘? S'i‘i'i‘E {ERWEESETY
Marvin Kaith Fuhrer
39753

   
     

IHEENS

  

LIBRARY

Michigan State
University .

 

1.}... “if" q '5“
A 5.3..) ’s‘ltélv L

A SIUTY TU FITW TH? E EATI” TIP
*‘fli ILA 11v ~IT-I ’"TA T'A THI‘ “w-T UTE
CHI”: :‘i'IL‘ Prams-i (‘3‘; PT-FYSI-‘IAL TIL; r}
iv

Qt

marvin Keith Fulver

This stufly was undartakcn to determine whether or not a
fivc-zinute daily calisthcnic prcfiram would achieve tha same
levcl of rh"si ical fitness as that achieved by a fifteen-
minute Gaily calisthenic promrcm.

Ehe data were ccllectefi on 207 white seventh and eichth
wrace boys at iason Junior Eirh Lchool durin: the fa 11 of
196?. The ayes of the boys ranted from 11 years enfl 9 months
to 14 yczzrs ani 10 months. The classes were grouped by grade
with tw seventh and two eighth grade physical education

actions uscfl as the cyperimcntal nrcup in this stufiy. joys
schcflulofl in Stufly hal acted as the control groups. Cach
C1Q31 3-:t either twc times a weak or three times a week on
alternate weeks. for fourteen wccks. The five-minute cells-
thcnic rrcfivam w s rqrto~1y assirncé to nne sevcnt n and one
eichth FTldfi class as was the fifteen-minute calisthcnic
FI‘O 53'1"} '1 o

the test battery consisting of pull-ups. sit-ups. stanfi-
in“ braafi Jump. shuttle run. and vertical Jump was administered
to both the experimcn n1 and the control groups precceding and

followinz a fourtnen-weck period.

Fsrvin Keith Fulvor

Tue-way analysis of var sacs was spplied to the data.
Tuscan‘s hultipls nansc icst was employed to find which de-
psnficnt variable scans were sirnificsntly éiffersnt whsn
simnificsnt F-rstios were dctcctsfi. Loth tests were run at
the .05 level of significance.

Unflsr the conditions of this study:

1. Viva minutes of cslisthenics is sisnificsntly

sor effective than fifteen minutes of calis-

CD

thsnics in profiucin? an improvement in pull-
ups.

2. Five minutes of calisthcnics is Just as effec-
tive as fifteen minutes of cslisthcnics in
producins an improvement in vorticsl gasp.

3. Five minutes of cslisthsnics is Just as effec-
tive as fiftccn minutes of calisthsnics in
profiucins an improvement in the shuttle run.

U. Five minutes of calisthcnics is Just as effec-
tive as fifteen minutes of calisthcnics in
producinr s improvement in sit-ups.

5. Five minutes of calisthcnics is Just as effec-
tive s3 fifteen minutes of slisthcnics in
producing an improvement in stsnflinq broad
Jusp.

6. A fifteen-minute slisthcnic prcrram say be
too strenuous and may brinm about loss of

enthusiasm ans desire for complete exerticn.

3117‘" T": I’III" 'Z‘EZ‘S 3-2;L:‘1'3‘I('?Z:3}§IP
1:‘-“'""...“‘5"4.';73 A T'I'v’i‘-'7'I’.'.’UT'T A??? A FITTTTf-1"7II'EJ'??

C-‘xLILS {'ZI'TEIC F7.” STREE "3'3 I‘TPJKICAL T" 33733

Jarvin Keith Lulvcr

subcittcd to
richissn state University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the dezres of

H w?» .4, « "vary;-
fl'.’\‘.)l~. 1‘. (I: Aulu

repartmcnt of wealth. Physical Education. and Recreation

1370

3'/0 ~ "/- 0

1' 3’1 CAT: hr:

‘t

11

. C?T?I:"‘.ILT‘ £7777. ? ".31 1'73
Appreciation is extonflod to those stuécnts or Yoson
Junior Eish School who cooperated so willingly in this
Special agprecistion is extended to Er. William h.

Housnor for his assistance given this investirstor.

iii

2’" ’ TI (A TI "

II.
III.

1g.

\0

:SI LJLI é?" L": l i}:

AM

.

LI ; I TIA, I‘I ' .5 t: i
qfluliliz

:"‘\‘ " * i“ ‘_- r2 ’.‘ , . .‘
C‘ ~‘ J‘J':-‘ ‘ Y 4:.)

311171233 rjy' .
Conclusions. . . .
sticnS. o O

i _ J. -
f‘f. .» ',‘ I 7
1.: Ll‘dld \ A

4;;

III..." 'r"\ 9" l ‘1
‘3. Li ‘..A‘V. .

[aligignhfgflii . .

. .?..- t .q_?_- 3.

‘H-WJ-‘D-it.) . g .

Colisthenic Prosros
oscrintion of the Calisth
Eescription of Tea
fiethofi of Tata Analysis

am 1- '11
Cz' ;. A a: . . .

tation of Tata
sion of Fota .

iv

Iago
11
iii

v—vi

vii

¢NJMH4

b1

II.

III.

I

VI.

VIII.

KIT.

'11 v.

soon score fliffe‘

I” own

”son score fiifftr’w

‘ I? 6: ?4 n

..~_; "“21

' so :1

r~n {r

Ja-L‘U' :‘a-

nit-u? o o o o o o o

I". 1 ‘ 4":
3~n score tifforsncis
Q I L' 4' a.

in tno clu’uwo o o 0

score Fiffsrsncos
12'! the 5:. t -1333. o o .

iocn score difforcncns
full-111.. o o o o o o

in tho full-up . .

”con scars fli”’o*“rc s

in th@ 'all-up . . .

can scoro difference

in the full-up . .

O U)

score differences

__-q -. ‘5 _.
.xtmhfilrtf u?0fld..fllflp.

score differences

in the L3 taint". in :7;

team score differenccs

gross

by trost rent in the

by

9t"“nt in the

by arose as”

by are and treatment

srafle anfi trootnont

to treatment

by hour and treatment

rtrfint in the

fly tw

tro

by 9- 3369 and
"

JUC y o o o o o I o

by are and treatment

in the :tsnding cross Jump . . . . . . .

aoan scoro differences

Sortical Jump. . . .

score Riffs rcncc
in th- ”vertical Jump

scorn diffsroncos

in tho Vertical Jump
can score fii’ovrwr c-s
in HQ cortical 0W.3p

by treatment in the

by trad e

by hour and trootmsn

by are and treatment

n m
“tine I.

am? tree tr. an t

t

b»)
‘3‘.

1x3)
Ch

\3
'Q

"~33 n
«any V
--19
13.,‘(0

\f‘ :1
fat .

T‘: ‘JI I .

3: {3:1- I I .

lean score differences
:huttlc nun. . . . .

ncnn score Giffcrcnccs
in the Shuttle Run .

in the Shuttle Hun .

Egan score diffcrcnces by age and treatment

Corrarison cf the differences betwccn means
of he three treatment groups on the five

. 3»
V.‘?,1"__thb193. o o o o 0

v1

2": t"
by treatment in the
O O O O O O O O O O O 0 Q0
by grade and treatment
0 O I I O O O O I I O O [5'0
O O I O O O O O I I O O [4'1
C I O O O O O O O O O O “'3

vii

grect ccnc EIFH has been expresscd rc“firrinr the ph—ysical
fitneS3 cf Américan youth since world War II. Physical educa-
tors have been concarncd with the physical fitnem of youth
for m3ny years. but 02.1y in the 13st three 6903333 bag it
been cf naticn31 cone arm.

$333 ci~r3r notes that: “Few educators need to be con-
vinc 33 cf the importar cc cf fitnec 3 in our youth. For the
past ten years. a dplure 3f newSHLper and magazine articles
have been ”33ry11* t?.e 1.3ck of rim 333 in our youth. . .
ficw3vcr. the prm eat em 333313 on fitness in peacetime is

“I"U”1” (1?).

In View of tI’lfi great car ccrn for the i.:2prcvement of
physical f tness. any reac3rch which might aid the general
public to att in physical fitness is desirable. this study
was 61r3ct3fi towarfl providing a physical fitness procram
which could be in corpor3tcd into a phy3163 31 education our

ricu am or the hcme.

,3 +5 “(V-”"P’A‘i" rt“ this '.~_‘?A1."| 5-“.
“ -‘ ‘ -. \l ‘ Q. '

Pt
5 ., ,. . . . . .— - _ r ,. ... ...

To 3ttqin the desirad laval of physical fitness 3. S3y3
Lsiss. L111 c19.3c the ‘hysical efiucation curricu um to sacri-
fice a few necessities. ”(Wir u. We 33331333cr1f1c3 time.”
as 33 3133 thfi Stanfiarfis of rhv'iccl fitness, wcre time must

be invested. Lntortunutel . pbvs ical caucaticn timc 13 at a

a)

Second, “we would S3crifice instruction in activitv
331113.“ She only 33» thod we h3ve to develop fitness is to
ovcrload tnc bofly with intensive cvcrcise. However. durinz
skills inst-2ction the s tuéents exert tnc elves relatively
little. If we expect them to form. the habit of beinq phy-
sically active. we must give them the skills with which to
enjoy 3ctivity.

A thir6 accrificc is incentive. The intensive physical
canditionin: rro~r323 tend to be cfiministcrcd with strict
discir 1.139 121 3 formal ctzos phcrc Throuwh such a profr3m

$033 of tea other @0313 of physical ccucuticn. such 3

LB
1"}-
a)
I

velopzcnt of the pcrscra lity an-d furt hering of the democratic
way of liR . citawnot be attai.ncfl (35. D. 15 ).

In addition. Xciss 3t.:3t33 th1t. ”it is quite poc 31213
that cvcrcmph3sis on physical fitness in the school can lead
to 1333 interest in physical activity later in life”

(3)! F0 (‘9).

There crists in an? 3y school systcas today an urrcnt need
for efficient prorrams which will increase the level of physi-
cal fitness of American youth. Too many school systems lack
the time for dcvclcpinz physical fitness of youth. I33 Presi-
6cnt'3 Ccancil on Ei1ysic31 itncss has r900?me.n6cd hinuly the
36opticn of 3 3131332 of fifteen minutes of viqorous activity
6311y (?5). than a school has only forty-five minutes for
the entire c1333 period. a fifteen-2 nutc time period spent

on e33rcis33 for cevclopinm ccysical fitncs 3 leaves vawi

little time to be spent on other objectives of the curri-
culum. This is especially true when one considers that the
time ncefied for dressine and showerinq is taken from that
forty-five minute period. ihus. the physical education
period may include as little as twelve to fifteen minutes

of apart end/or gems activities.

'7 pm . 0": ’8
Intense of tee tts x

 

'his study was undertaken to determine whether or not a
five-minute daily celisthcnic pros am would achieve the same
level of physical fitness as that achieved by a fifteen-
minute daily calisthenic prcerem. If five minutes of cells-
thenics are as effective as fifteen minutes of celisthenics.
the physical efiucetor cculd have an afid ticnel ten minutes to
involve the stufients in start end game activities. With the
tsLlic shewin: crest concern for physical fitness. five
minutes of viccreus activity would be easier to isglesent

en: follcw then a fifteen-sinute prosrex.

1. :his stufiy was limited to 2%? Junior hirh school
male stufients.

2. this stufiy was limited to an experimental periefl
of 14 Weeks.

3. ”his stuéy wee limited in that there was no con-

’u

trcl over the activities of the subjects outsifle

cf the normal class periofl.

a.

5.

.52..

[his study was licited to a procrem in which the

classes met either twice a week or three tixes a

week. on alternate weeks.

This stufiy was limited to a physical fitness test
consisting of: pull-ups. sit-ups. stenfline brosfi

Jump. shuttle run. and vertical Jump.

oPieitiofi of Te“*”

- Q
Celisthcnics shall refer to an exercise pretrem
executed by one indiviflusl in a stationary posi-
tioa. without the use of equipment or apparatus.
Physical fitness refers to the ability of a
person's bofiy to meet the cesanfis placed upoz
it by his work. by his way of life and by -he

necessity to meet eeereency situations.

1‘01 n. tnr‘: Tl. fan-s ‘i‘vt‘hrx
AL: 3 _ . . _ x ”-11“ , V1“ 4, ,ti ”‘4 ,p

 

Unlisther ics h3V3 been u333 as 3 method of develo; in:
physical fitness sizice the four th or fifth C93 tary 3.C.

€033vc3. t.e 303 Min use of o3listh3nic exercises fiates from

about the year 1?55. tistian Carl Anfire. a gymnastics
instructor teaching in 317333°s school at Sc 0. 333! Mh3l.

is cretito3 with introéucin3 the work (2?. p. 2).
Cniisthcnics 33 a 33thni of developing the bofly spread
arouni .he 30313, but 613 not 331m adequate recomnitien until
July 16. l?5€, trhen ticte President's Council on Youth Pi 3333 3
W33 33t3h1 3333 by erecutive orfier. The purpose of this
council is to promote existing pro+r3ms and 13 unch addition;
p303r333 33 mi 3 Vz'lll itprovc the fitnm ”of 3rioan youtn (’31).
fresiicnt-elect John F. ‘33nnry r3303 mi 3d the urfient
need for ingroving the physic31 fi mess of American youth.
In an 3rticle. “:he Soft American.“ that 3:333r3d in the‘rer
cemb3r ?6. 1350 13333 of Srtrt3 lllurttctci, Eennefly wrote.
” ut the ha“ r33 fact of th 3itt3r is that tiaere is also an
incr33sinrly larme nuzber of vounm Americans who are me lect-
in? their tofiies -- "hose phvsioal fitness is not what it
shoulfl be -- who are gattinx soft. And su.ch softness on the
part of individual citiz r13 can h3lp to strip 3nd destroy

the vit2M1ty of a nation" (20. p. 16).

5

Lizznn 3:311? 131:: officzr, 33:13.11: ‘f:::+1:m':~r.ry c 231:1." . 311-3"? to
facus 3 113331 :tc: ntien U1 3n this 8331033 Tretlom. Cu
July 1?. 1061. the Irecificnt's C01 Lucil on 1outh fitness re-
13‘339 t3 the $333313 the3e tr 'sic rwnnfi'P €3‘inn unfimr the
Frasifiect'a 1133333 Ira "3*:

1. Iflentify the ph3313311y uz13r33vn1n ed pm; 11

3nfi work with “in to 1:3r3va his p3ysic~1

:. Frovifie a :inirum of fifteen mi.Lt 33 of vi 30r-

cns 323:3133 333 62? 10333ut31 activif irzes EVPry

J. L33 vnlid fitness tests t3 deter: n3 pupils'

3&331331 “3‘11 133 and evwlunte their rwokre33

12331331 fitnssa h3s always been one of the objectives
.of 32y31031 efiuc3tion. 33310 to it are proper nutrition.
sfmgnzte r338 3&6 r31333t10n, goofi heqlth practices. and
3033 m3fiiozl aafl €33t31 cure. int th33 e are not anon33.

An s2s3xt131 213333: is 33331231 activity -- exercise for

b

233 huan tnfly contaflng nova than 600 fiUSClPS' ove.211

0. ',-v '- J ’J u o \ ‘ -..’ s ’ ‘ \ ‘ 1 -- ‘
sucx air lubfl 133 limfs. 91,4ten ”loo” vnusels to raise

(7'
pa
0
Q
I L
h- I

;r333ur3 wh3n ycu 333“ $333 prrs sure to 3.33t an exer-

33333” (3 . F. c). T33 E333 itself 13 a E‘SC Ulflr FRET

1333331r~1331 93v33 3353 have chnnTefi our way of livlnr.

9

but :39 33313 of two 33333 hnfly hsve not 0333233. 1333193
3r9 33333 to 39 u333. If 33 b33333 inactive. W3 must pay t3?
tries 13 333333333 3ff1313ncy. "ThrouTh 1333 cf 33333133 the
33313L13 or 333 €333y“ (P . rp. 9-19). ’nvtinufil 13 activity
profiuo33 71,3313r Mfr03‘v 313 the inéivlfluwl soon 3333333

3333-:"33133 f3r his weirfit. As a result. he 13333 the

3.3333t3 330 333333333 to do his c1311y worc 33311y e -

1t3333 13 .33 one 33333 of total fitness
Cther 3333333 of total fit3333 are: emotional. mental. and
1

.3. ?, p. 11). 533133333 s3y3 that total

1. A 335v free from 3133333.
?. 7333133. hnnrt. 333 13333 éevclcpnfi to fiive
stren~3h, 33333. afilllty. and enduranca to 60

63311

t:

333 tasks of each flay
-- free from 33333 worry, fear,

3? tensinn -- t‘3t 0.3 r3133 cowpletely with

the moment of c3>3rtunl 33 as quickly be
5:: #3377738 in the 3:13:71: 31311377 713:7 task.

a. A spirit th at £3313 itself 33:331f13313 fart of

33 1““nr*'nt V33tnre and 1773r13nt t0 thfl

a

1"mic"! f1t33733 13 t only 1“”nfifunf to it 311?. :33 to

13370 other 333323 3? tov 31 f1 3333 . 39 Fr3sidont Vennnflv

wrfitca ‘he rplfitlfi“ch1“ but ween the Surnamess cf tha bofiy
and the activities of the minfl is subtle and comglsx. finch
is net yet undez‘stomt. fiat we: do 1mm: what the Free“: knnm
that int telli”er CG and sL till can only function at the peak of
their czrncity whpn the bnfly 13 hnalthy and strum"; t12at
harfiy at Tits and tnu:h minds usually inhabit stronw bodies”
(730. 1:. 1m.

rn*n~ll and ”a~"1n flcfino physical f1‘;ness as the ability
of an inflividval to a?ccute any civnn daily task without un-
necessaiy fatifht (5). . wvich defines thy sisal fitne - as
“Fitness to {:9 rfori sate specified task requiring mu301113 r
effort” (1?). Cureton says ”physical fitness means ability
to handle the body wall and the capac ty to work hart 07?? a
103% parinfi of time without diminished efficiewc"” (7. p. 111).
will ease described phyfiicnl fitness in terms of strength.
stami.a. carfiior:srirqtorv endurance. amility. Steed nd

ccorfiination (36). lbs components of physical fitness are

many. "Kn“" Ltave been stufiiod 3~pnm tmly and in tramps many
times.

ailscn ccnductad a a sufiy to evaluate exrerim entally the
results of a weight-training provrnm on the physical fitnnss
of youmr man. we concluded that weirht traininr'affectgi tha
quality of £1 mess. with paws r. 9*ili y. balan ce. flexibility
and str-z 22:21:22 iricrms ed but 224229113327ch (lecrmsm? in his err3f2».'>ri-
mental mraup (3?).
:ilsenfiamer ccaductcfi a study to detcrzine whether ten

minutes of c“listtc as was of more or less value to motor

fitness than ten minutes spent in skill sctivity. PTO clss -sss
0f 37.3319 hirT-schcol boys . l? in 0T. 6 class and 20 in the
other. met two t1s-s a week and three times a wss}: on alter-
nate weeks. A fitnss 3 tea t. wnich consistsd of a standing
broad sump. pull-uss. sit-urs. a shuttle-run and 83uat th mtg.
was sizinistersd previous to the trair in lcr an interval of
ten class pcsioés. one class amassed in ten minutss of cells-
thenics Lsfore be 1? s3in3 the daily sTill activity. while tns
otha r c1333 iTTn‘iatcly be;*an the 811111 activity. At the end
of this interval. the fitness test was again administersfl.

Ior th: next ten class periods. the two classes rsversed thsir
proceéure from tbs initial interval. Ehis alternation of
trestTTnts castinuc: throuzh four such intervals. with a fit-
nsss tns t canolanin* each interval. The results inflicstefl
that calisthsnics introvsfl perfcrmsncss on tlus standing bread
jqu and 83uat thrusts more than fifi touch football. and 1T-
rvo'fifl sit-ups moss than flifi volleyball or basketsall. Lo
sisnificsnt differences were found between cslisthenics avg
has: ball (14).

urnin. Lroskwsy. and Lhitchnr conducted a stufly to deter-
mins tbs affects on ghysicsl fitness of varying anwreas of
exercise. the experiment has a duration of ten as ye. Th3
subjects. an untssinsd msn rmnqinq in sfie from 18 to 22. were
rsndssly Civissa into four Tramps. Ens group was the control
srour. while the three (Trerirentsl Treats walked 10 km..

20 km.. or 30 km. fisily. Physical fitness was determined by

AQTUT*“="t3 of T 3L nn3Ty vnn hilation. 0333 on eTtrqctiQn.

10

gxy1an COflsqutlgn. and heart rate. measured on a tread..111.
1 catnd that the grcup cf rem walking 20
flaily hnd the most marknd 1E“”CVPLEuL in phgs1cn1 fi mesa (P).
Pour mathoas of develcpin1 "hys ical fitness were compar31
by banister. Your ratchefi grcups of l# to 16 year-Cid bcys
r3rt131331" in éifferont training pro1rama in one of their
four w:-e::1y rkysicnl cz1-ucation cl3sscs for a period of tw‘
months. fhe trainin1 pro1rama were: 1) interval circuit
trainin,. 9:3 m31.4.1113 entii rance and stren“th train.in3 . 2)
circuit tra mint with enCurqnce running. 3) circuit traininr
-th 33333 activity. and h) 33133 only. A composite index
was 330331 by 003hinin? the Larson dtrenqth scare and twe-
thirfis of the narvnrfl 3133 t33t $ccre. Cains were obtainad
by all grougs. but the larsest ruins were chta-incd by the
interval 01 “slit tr31nin: ar3up. parfiicularly in the strenfifih
inflex (3).
11313.:1r. iartin. and hetz conducted a study of the
effects of a f3ur-week train131 rro1r33 with previously on-

H
(I

diticnefl ynung univarsity men rfiniinq in.axe frca 17 to ,3
y3ar 3. n.33333333t3 were obtainrd on chan133 in b0(y tirtL,
subcutaneous tis 313. 3133 ,uler strength aha enfiurnnce. and
fitneas. Th3 ewporlmental cramp of eleven men

,
on“ri. Escu13

r
is mt nic e“~rc153» for P0 minutes thr3e time 33 per

4"“

peyformca

:63: in addition to part1: 133 tion in a k3_ate class. :33

ontrol “03* of six Hex: particip1tc 1 only in the karate
class. it was cancluded thgt the experimental group 13330338

to
p

finifi antly in all Lezsnr1331ts while t;'13 cantrol xroup

11

fl .. . ‘1‘ . I. F ..3 ‘ ,
-‘ .f“ ( \‘Ir . “1’ 0 (g -~__’ q ‘ :‘ “on :1 r‘.‘ 3
{15‘1’ «find ?I.r‘-bk3& 01 ,L.i! iri.‘.:LU J-nq'i 9V? ‘ -13.

('1'
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. 3‘ ‘ - . .‘~- “I ‘4‘ {:1 ’O ' ‘ o. - ‘ C 1 . ‘ ‘2‘ b 3 a _ ‘
hm? 13¢; coufiucom, pJ¢1vc 0333 stuuies or 3331» men who

clafiefi t3sts for £331? 3&3313 1 0‘3lu3tivn, 33333. and 333r-
c133. It was chs3rV33 h3t the men intnrcsted 1n stresrth
23:33333nt fin3333tr3t34 33133 13 str333$h only; the men
13 t~“”3“3 in 33333 Cvfionst3fltfifl inrrc33“3nt of twnlr s”1113
t;11t othrr 33323333 r3rain3fi c nst3nt and the nan irvolvafl in
all-artnnl overclse $303333 QCTOflStTQtOfl the best 0333311
1 prnvwz at (1?). Lalb333 CfiPCfiTT53 with fiov?ixer'3 003-
clu: a? that subjects dwficmsttratn 13"ra33 "at in the fitnea~
fa“ which th3y 33313 (3 W
‘knrfi~fizfifi (Hmlfuct«£isa 18373'22#10n cw< '3‘33 .AM, 3M1 2?
enfiurg3n3. 23 his stu y. ha 1nvcst173tefl ch3u133 in 31 1-
fifvfififl 3nzcr 33'333223 uroducmd by faur'difiorant $333123
cauc3 tir3 caarsas: (3) hnriafi. (b) 3513ht-liftixfi. (c)
wreetllnt. 330 (5) volleyball. It 3330.301ufi3fi that the

m «an .-~ 3" '5‘ "v33 7" H 1. 3-331 «.33 «:3 rt» #33"? 3w» n 3:7 3a. 3331’)": .2331 1“,? h ".
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ram ‘f‘ $715,393. vva-“ffs (- ’1'1‘
1‘; 5.31 x; ." -’-I‘lz.$:’.‘l’ 1.1.3.3
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F ‘V

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nervic».y:a.rag at tho “313433.33 01 11113013. 333 effects

0 R ~ I a “ 4 I," ’ I n "V is .- v.0 . y"! . ' G M V
01 TF3“? i “-5-: : €21 t“ .“H «11:13:! Cl'ibt‘i'»? "‘3'! " .’.: 20.13152? ~s’.3'.11¥.".~-=:"2c'.: 3‘4"."er
- “-0 r 0‘ ‘- ”3‘ no! a ‘1‘ v— ’- r A W ‘ '“l -..v '3 * . a '- ’~ ‘ w—
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CUMVE‘UJO my ”33 endnih Cd £333 £3330 ueuwlviunigr C3 tri-
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1.9

99869919 confiuctefl 9 stufly camrarlnz the ;.9 51991 f1t-
999 9 199913 of tits ‘1‘t9-999C9 self-cent9199d 199593. The
control rr-rmjy. P? boys mm? grirls. 299991996 no 1911391991 (Mutt-9-
t1nn. 99119 the 999991999991 99999. also ?7 bays 999 rirls,
r9991vefl a rro~r 9991991y-9r9996 99113t999199 prerram fer
fifteen mimvtes 69113 for fcur months. F1tn99s was measured
999- 999 ymst-ex?9r199ntully'ty'the 999 of th. AA :Yout

Iltncss T39t. Anni; 913 cf the C‘ata sh099d no 91991f1cant

1ff9999993 b9t 91.99 990919. W112h th9 9799rt19n of in the
50-yard (393319319 :99 1:119 9"z9r1"e91t91 group anmr ms {1:991:99 a
91:91f1999t 1““r099999t (32).

The 9ff9cts of 9 ~9inut9 19999tr10 ex9rc19 9procr99
on f9r99 999 f9t1999 19 99919991 99901.9 933 19V99 st1am ted. by
Ecfilyrn. T19 subj9ct9 r9999fl in 999 from 1? to PG yea 99 with
matched tramps of 30 311 M3 at 9. The contrcl 9999p r9991999 no
tr91n199. 99119 the 9999r199nt91 tron; 999 1n9tructed to hold
9991991 13999trlc t99319n of the 19999 fin9er far two min‘ates
in the 9099199 999 two 91nutcs in th9 9ft9rnoon. for 9 999109
of 20 9999. 199 groups were 99939r9d for 19999 f1n99r abduc-
tion prtssure by a 9tr91n Mum The control mromp 993 t9sted
after 20 days 99119 th9 9299: mental group was tested on the
5th. 10th. 15th. anfi CCth 69ys. It was ccncl:d d that 190-
metric trfiininw. cont19ued 9ft9r £199 days. pro . me; no
furth9r s1'nlf109nt 991? :8 1n stre n th; uh H9 99 . a siwnificnnt
1n9r9999 1n 13099t r19 endu.mnoe 99? continue It 999 further

conc1mana that 1902 9 +919 99999189 continund after 15 days

13

rrniuces siinificsnt 630333333 in stroncth anfl isometric
enfutfiaur3 (??).

23333 concluflefl that a t33-313333 d1: -ily pro..am of rate
23133133 was 33 efficient as a t‘ irt"- inute flaily *rnvwda of
3373133 for itgrnvinf G33fi10VQSJH1Qr efficiency. as measurQfl
by ta: 3133333 step iast. Linety-tw male collewe stuficnts
we r3 rwr“~wiy 113333 iaizo two rrcurs t- 13 rupe-Skigriinfi
mrnup 334 the 303313: firnup. Th3 ropn-skipging group skipped
rope tan 3 nutos per 63y, five days 3 week, for six weeks.

1'

The 3333131 33333 Jorfed 30 minutes per 63y. fiva days 3 week.

ficilny co”“*to? f3 tor 011313513 on 1? athletic events
afini-i““3rni t3 QCG well-confliticnefl soldiers. Results indi-
catefi 3 3113 correlation bet :3en tannin? at a constant vrfi3'
or for ”13‘1ro‘ 33$ mire 313 -r33;133t3ry endurance. V3locity
of Euscnlx? contraction $3333 corr313t33 with the shot put
nubin: 3:333 1333. shuttle run. six-saccnfi Sprint. and the
333-3231 312: an: HQSCQI‘T‘C‘TU“ no ca corr3 la ted with t13 31?-

23123. 83 “t tmru::t. p-ull-u.s. yinh-ups, npfi sit-ups

r. ’.

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Eonthiefiw and Earknr stufiied the ALF? “ Youth Iitne 33
Teqt W ¢"3‘ 313? car“313tion an11.vs13 ant factor analysis to
its 33733 t .3t itors, utilizin~ the tea t results of 1.335
3113 0311333 fr33333n cubj«ct:3. The iniév~n“r31°*ions showed
that th3 abilities as wn:31“‘” by the seven test itews are 311
pa SItIV‘IV 3511:33. The co3r¢13tioms b3tw3en ”circula-

.\ A. . . 3 “ own 9 v- v v '
‘~a1?flbOTV mnfluzvace and 3311-1;3. sit-ups. and 600-;3rd

11+

raft-walk. respectively were .51}. .53. an?! .51. A correrlat tion

of .1? was obt- 11mm} bctnaen the ftb: 11 throw and "PIOSS

bnfiy ccorfilnation.“ She factor of ”muse a11r exploalvnveas“

was carralated with tFe stanflinq bread jump. 53-yard dasn.

and shuttle-run. respectively at .?0, .73. and .71 (23).
1.11c111 inve1t119*ri the effects of afldod cullsthenics

on the *“vaicol fitness of fourth grn~e bows ar 1 girls. The

subjects. 1&2 boys and wlrls (?0 boys aha 83 girls). met four

t11'193 a 399K. for 2? weeks. the coxtrcl ; romp panic“Tratwa

in t.?1eir c1133 93 mama 1. while the experir cntal mroup had an

avera1a of three minutes amfl nine seconfis of nflded calisthenlcs.

Ehygiczl fitness was measurofl by the Creron Rotor'Fitmess Test.

fhe results showed that the experimental Proup 1? proved 811-

nific;:t1y more tEr~n the central wroup (9).

CHAPTER III

 

The data were collected on 20? white seventh and eighth
grade boys at Essen Junior High School during the fall of
196?. The eves of the boys ranked from ll years and 9 months
to 1“ years and 10 months.

The classes were grouped by grade with two seventh and
two eighth grade sections used for this study. The seventh
and eighth grade boys took physical education for one semes-
ter and study hall the other semester. The four first-
semester physical education classes were used as the experi-
mental mroup. while those students who had study hall the
first semester acted as the control group. One seventh grade
class and one eighth grade class had 32 boys each. while the
other two classes had 35 boys each.

Each class met either two times a week or three times a
week. on alternate weeks. for 1% weeks. Time was taken from
this study for a teacher's workshop and Thanksgiving vacation.
a total of three days.

The test battery was administered to both the experi-
mental and the control groups preceedinq and following s In.

week period. This required a total of six days.

al sthen

   

Two programs of daily cslisthenics were used for this

study -- Program A and Program 8. Program A was used on the

15

16

odd numbered days during the 14-week period. while Program B
was used on the even numbered days. Both programs. oonsistins
of eleven exercises. are shown in Appendix A. These two pro-
grams were chosen so the boys would not perform the same
exercises throughout the lh-week training period. This was

an attempt to relieve any boredom which may be encountered in
a training program.

The same calisthenic prosram was administered to each of
the four physical education classes each day they met. The
amount of time during class spent exercising varied between
the groups. The fifteen-minute plan was applied to one seventh
and one eighth grade class as was the five-minute plan. The

random assignments for the classes were as follows:

     

Class m use.
i let 8th grade class 5 Min.
II lst 7th grade class 15 Min.
III 2nd 7th grade class 5 Kin.
IV 2nd 8th grade class 15 Min.

The calisthenic exercises were selected from those recom-
mended by Steinhsus (31) and Hillcourt (13). Exercises were
selected so as to develop overall physical fitness and not
fitness of one particular muscle group.

The date on any boy who failed to participate in this
celisthenic program seven or more times. due to illness or
not being dressed. was dropped from this study.

A bell. operated by the physical education teacher with

a stop watch. notified the students when one exercise in the

17

plan was completed. This was to insure that the some amount

of time was spent on each section of the calisthenio plan by

all classes. Upon commend by the teacher. the students im-

mediately started the next exercise.

 

Jumping Jack:

Starting Position -- The subject stood in an erect posi-
tion with his arms at his sides and his feet toeether.
movement -- The subject abducted both arms in a continuous
circle until they met over his head. At the same time.
the subject jumped a couple of inches into the sir'snd
abducted his feet to slightly wider than shoulder width.
On the second motion. he again jumped a couple of inches
vertically and simultaneously adducted his arms and feet
to their orisinsl position. This movement pattern was
referred to as a single jumping jack.

Toe Touch:

Starting Position -- The subject stood in an erect posi-
tion with his arms abducted to shoulder level and his feet
alflucted to slightly wider than shoulder width.

Eovement -- The subject bent forward. keeping his knees

straight. and touched his left foot with his right hand.

'Upon completing this movement. the subject returned to

his starting position. The some movement was then per-
formed only touching the right foot with the left hand

followed immediately by returnins to the starting

3.

4.

5.

18

position. This movement pattern was referred to as a
sinsle too touch.

Vertical Jump to 5 Squat:

Starting Position -- The suchct stood erect with his
hands at his side and his feet abducted to shoulder
width.

Movement -- The subJect bent his knees and extended his
arms down past his sides. The Jump was accomplished by
simultaneously extending the knees and thrusting the arms
upward. The subJects were instructed to land in a half-
squat. immediately starting another vertical Jump.
Raised-Leg Push-Up:

Starting Position -- The subJect laid flat on his stomach
with his knees extended. his legs abducted and his ankles
flexed dorsally. His hands were placed palms down next
to his shoulders. with the elbows adducted.

Movement -- The subject extended his right leg maximally.
while simultaneously extending his elbow Joints thus
raising the rest of his body. Keeping the right leg
extended. the subJect lowered his body until his chest
Just barely touched the floor. This was referred to as

a raised-leg pushdup. After one-half the time seement
had elapsed. the right leg was lowered and the left leg
was extended and the arm action repeated.

Arm Pull:

Starting Position -- The subJect stood erect with his

feet together and his arms abducted to shoulder level.

6.

7.

l9

hovcment -- rhe subject used a ballistic movement to

ho: sontally extend his arms with the hands supinated
maximally until the range of motion was completed and

the arms returned to the starting position.

Alternate Leg-Raise (on stomach):

Starting Position -- The subject laid flat on his stomach
with his knees extended and less abducted. His arms were
abducted slightly and his hands supinated so that the
palms were flat on the floor.

movement -- The subject extended his left leg maximally.

while extending his knee. The leg was pliometrically

lowered to the starting position. text. the right leg
was extended and lowered in the some manner. This move-
ment pattern was referred to as a single alternate leg
raise.

Single Lee Raise (on side):

Starting Fosition -- The subject laid on his right side
with his head resting on his right arm which was extended
over the head with the palm down. His left arm was
placed palm down beside the chest for balance. His legs
were extended to form a straiqht line from head to foot.
hovement -- The subject abducted his left leg maximally.
With his left knee extended. he then pliometricslly re-
turned the leg to the starting position. The position
was reversed for the raising of the right leg after one-

hslf the time segment had elapsed.

9.

10.

Forward Curl (on back):

Starting Position - The subject laid on his back with
his lees abducted. His hands were placed on his thighs
with the palms down.

hovement .. The subject curled his head, shoulders. and
upper part of his back through trunk flexion as his

hands slid down his thighs to his patellas. Once the
petellas were touched. the subject pliometrically re-
turned to the starting position.

Grass flxerciseu

Starting Position -- The subject stood erect with his
lees abducted to shoulder width and his arms abducted
overhead with palms pressed together.

hovement -- The subject lowered the upper part of his
body as he moved his hands to the ground between the
heels of his feet. He then straightened his body and
performed the movement again. each time trying to touch
the ground farther behind his body.

F1113 h-up I

Starting Position -- The subject laid flat on his stomach
with his legs abducted and ankles flexed dorsally. His
hands were placed palms down next to his shoulders. with
his elbows abducted.

Movement - The subject. extended his elbow Joint maxi-
mally while his body was kept in a straight line from head
to toe. The subject returned to the starting position by

pliometricelly contracting the elbow extensors.

11.

12.

13.

21

Chest-end-Les Bsises (on stomach):

Starting Position -— The subject laid flat on his stom-
ach with his legs abducted and his arms adduoted to his
thighs with hands supinstcd until the palms were flat

on the floor.

hovesent -- The subject raised his shoulders and chest

as high as possible. At the same time. he extended both
legs maxinslly. with the knees extended. Then he re-
turned his body to the starting position.

Simultaneous Leg Eaise (on side):

Starting Fosition -- Same as for single-leg raise.
movement -- The subject abducted his left leg and simul-
taneously sdducted his right leg maximally beyond the
mid-line of the body attempting to keep the less together.
Then he returned his legs to the starting position. The
movement was repeated from the left side after one-half
the time segment had elapsed.

Sit-up:

Starting Position -- The subject laid on his back with
his legs extended and abducted about one foot. His hands
were clasped behind the neck with fingers interlaced.
movement -- The subject curled his head and shoulders
forward and sat up. then twisted his body to touch the
right elbow to the left knee. text. the subject returned
to the starting position. The exercise was repeated

alternating sides.

1

'1

'v
av.

startle: Position -- Jhe subject assumed an erect posi-
tion. with the fee shoucted one foot one the homes
abfiuctefi overhead with pr lns to efether.

roveheht -- The subject arcned his back. thrust his arms
forward and dosnwerfl. kee pin" hi3 knee c3 eitended. et-
tewytofl to touch the floor. with his finger tips. he

then returned to the startine position.

resovahtion of 7°93

 

y311-3a3 -- 5 chinnina bar res usei. The promoted hand

 

position (back of the hand toward the fees) was used.
After essum mg the hanging position. the subject eleva-
ted his body until his chin ens reisofi above ta? her.
then loserefl his they to a full hang end stein ele-
vated his bofiy as many times as he wts .s able. aIWWys
rot “His“ to the ful l hens. fine point was scores for
eve 3 pr crly completed pull-up.
ffituueo -- The subject assumes a position on his back
with his lees ertenfied enfi his feet stfluctefl to shoulder
wiflth. fiis honfls were plzicefl on tte hoe” of his neck
trith the flower 3 interlacefi. A partner hold the ankles
flown. the heels bfilnf in contact with the met or floor
at ell times. :he subject set up. ’srned to the left
and touched the rifiht elbow to the left knee. returned
to the startine yoritieh, then set up. turned the trunk

to the rifht and touches the left elbow to t3.e ric ht

23

knee. Ihe exercise was repeated. alternating sides.
There res no time limit. but the subject was not allowed
to rest between attempts. fine point was scored for
every properly executed movement.

Stanfihc breed 1132 -- The subject stood with his toes
behind a stertinz tape. His feet were shoulder width
sport. Preparatory to jumping. the subject extenfled his
arms and flexed his knees. The jump was accomplished by
simultaneously extending the knees and flexing the shoul-
der joint. Practice jumps were allowed. The score was
recorded in feet and inches and later converted to
inches.

Shsttl:_r2§-- Two parallel lines (A and B) were placed
on the floor 30 feet apart. Two 2'12”xh” blocks of wood
were placed behind line B. The subject stood behind
line A. 0n the signals "Reedy? G08“ the subject ran
to line D, picked up one block. ran beck to line A and
placed the block behind the lines he then ran back to
line Brand picked up the second block which he carried
across line A. Practice runs were allowed without
timinz. The time to the nearest tenth of a second was
rcccrfied.

V°Ttln°1 rec - The initial measurement consisted of

   

having the subject extend one arm upwerfl with the tips
of the fingers touching the measuring tape marked in

one-half Eschee. The subject's feet were flat on the

flocr and 33j3333t to th3 3311. 333 nu333r'n33r33t the
evtcadod fint3r tips 333 r3card3d. The subject then
10"3r3d his arm and maistenefl his fin~3r tips in pre 33m -
tion to 333p. V3 bent his knees and swunz his arfis back-

ward. :33 33 23 333 nccnwrli 333 by 31331? anefiua‘y

.1

cxtcnflinw t‘qe Lm @333 33 thrustinr the aims Upwaré. The
finrer tips of tha h3n's us 33 to obt aim the initial
3333333:r nnt toaohnw 33 hiqh 33 yo 331 file on the t333.
:33 33:33r at the moist3ned Spct was r3333 133. The
333:3 333 t113 diff3 r3333 b3 t3 m1 the initi .1 and final
ViEL‘éltZES.

fl

.-; =3 -- fat the D331; “13- of L33 1:13
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in"; 1:23.31 35- . ENG

3
c:

r333333fi in years 333 months 3113 13 t3 r converted to

menths fcr comyutatio33l purposes. if 3 boy was 1? y33rs

333 3 months 3133 12 Bays 316. his 353 was recnrfiefl as
1’“? 333. If it h3d been 13 days or more from the
1333 33 nt“1y 333 V33333y flat 3. his 333 would have been

$3333333 to the next month.

q A
fr: 9‘T'wrv'l r24 ' T n aim-n [t 51:11 tr ‘J 1 1..
I; ,1, ..'|, . I. , ._ . ~ 3! t. . _ , - .... ,I .. f. .4

32m 3:3y 3:31"*i3 of variam 3 was 3"31‘3J to t13 data.
b-statietics 33r3 33:31333 fron 53t133n and within subcate-
"cry 3313 squar33 of 3333 flent V“riab103. 31383 ified 33303713:
to pull-3:3. cit-333. 3333313; broad Jump. shuttle run and
vert1331 332;. 133333'3 Lultiple £3333 Seat 33: explcyed to
finé which deg3n33nt V‘31hhl3 33/333 W3r3 Sim mlfiCfifltly fiiffcr-
ant 3333 31 nific.:nt Foratics w3r3 detected. Both tests were

run at th3 .05 13331 3? sirnificance.

$913 3Lu3y was unceruaken to detgrmine whether or not a
virorcms fiJ9-minut9 33119 callszhanlc 39ntr99 would achieva
the 8999 Irval of physics} fitn993 as that achieved by 9
v19999us fift99n-mlgwt9 Cally c9listiesr lo rrn~r99. ;
jecta f9? the erperlmcntal 9:993 9999 those boys sch9éul93 for
39991091 93309t199t93 first 9399st9r. while the ubjects for
the Cunt-31 :r9u3 r399 3*m( 39 b9ys 99993u19d in stufiy h311.

the five-minuta 99113t99nic r 99 was rqn3omly assimned to

. . ." ‘51.’ h‘ ‘. '1 a f» - ‘ I". 0 "a 9" - ':- #
one 3933931 999 one 91 bin Ora 9 01429 99 was t99 fitteen-
:- b q. 1" 1 , .. , k ,‘U‘ r . -- _ , .-
nfinute {919. ”909 04933 :9» eluner tflo tings a 9999 or three

W. . ‘ ~ . 'L 9 1" ‘1. 7‘ fl Q
tlgos a 3999 on 913339399 99993. 3M9 twflt battery consiated
a‘ I. -.= r b s 3A~ - ’6. 8.3%“ q 1 ‘ an
of: pull-3‘3. 319-933. VfiftECnl J32}. st "“3199 b99211 3123.
0.1 ’J§- ‘- ‘n A ' .‘oq ~g‘.- ‘ ‘6‘ 4" I; R l .
999 313.319 run. 399 1,991091 T199999 test 993 9u"9183 rad

. n r... * 3‘ ‘ t - -wy :- ‘ . . v 1
befcra and m 399 tan fauctecu-L999 t;919;nr poring.

one eifhth 99939 c‘939 3339 up the five-
minuta 99993 993 999 sev9nth 993 099 pithth 9r9re c1993 9939
up t99 fift999-mimut9 99099. 9 cfiTW~Vlfinn of the mnnn values

for $3939 two 929939 999 tke contrml rraup is s.o:n for 999'1

9‘ 4 "0- 9999‘
9.1.73-3 ‘3

 

J

Tnb e 1 she W98 tne rein (1Vf9r99 093 of the thr99 treat-

‘—

c-f

mont 399993 in

he sit-up. £11 t9999 7roLmr3 999991 19390V9-

A.

m9nt. 91th the fift39n—z :199t9 mroup 390999: he 19?: 033

v o. 9 r". v ' * ~ r9 “ .-~- «3 ‘9:
:. '* -. ‘ ‘ 1 ‘ '
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J Tiffezwnc
Pro-fest 103t-'9 t Fetween "F”

Group H Bean 390993 3999 Scores £99 93 value P

 

 

1. S-fiinute 7J 99.90 £9.09 £1.39 19.53 <0.GC:
2. 15'”:13"”.13.)1 ('39 hi?!er FLOQI 311.63
3. Control ?3[ 93.95 69.5619o10

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.. L4,; "210 XILTS Sf]. fiJJl icAalb £31.; 1. 01.5.1161- LJH'nn‘vx a; Lfifigfla‘ 1).). ()3

1999099999t. a 99in of 91.93 sit-ups. the five-minute 999mp
390999 a 7919 919039 at; $19 99. £1.19. notii th fIVP-mlnute
9nd tde fift99 'n-z: nut 9 TTDHE simproved simnificantly over the
cantrol 99993, gut there was no slimlficant difference b9t999n
the imrrovoments of the two 923991999t91 groups.

I

fab 9 II 39999 the 9999 830

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9 (Eiffe mnces of the thr99
treatment ;rbups by 99939 in the sit-u93. It cnn be seen that

the elfihth 99999 hovs 313 not 99999 better on the 3999-t99t

‘ "‘ ‘ V '4 . an .\ ..‘y‘ P. v. ,y
999 <13 tne sav9nth 99939 boys 93 3119” be 9ypectoe, €193:

.....

I

II had a £1991 sit-up mean s are of 99.?7 and 9n improvem9nt

of 55.59 sit-939. 73113 ifpro¢999r* 999 slfiniflcantly 9999t~9

than was found. for both control "r013 93 and C199393 I 9 93 IV.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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'63 33‘;T 2“}"fi'fcgj ft 3.z77
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11‘. ”'5 "131 1i) 3111:1306'7 1’031 3111’. 3‘}
5o {-15 21% (1?? 3? 53,69 1 9?.Sw 99.15
6. 951(9 233391 39. h .93 63.3? 19.93
1:9999'3 9' 1.19zrt fliff9r9nc9 “91.9 n Lamas: 99L, J, 5, L.
1’12. 3 . 5‘. 51" 2+)16' 5.3!?
but no eiraificantlv 99~t r than t17't 199 9 III. The 19-
provmgext far C1933 III 993 9190 917nfmt1y fmvfiu9r th.9n
that of both codtrols :9? C199 99.3 I 999 1?. Classes I 999 I?
intravefi s 'nificnntly no-9 tEan did thm ci9ht§ "9399 ccntr91
9vfiup. gut not 91991f199nt1J r399 tflan t99 99V9nth 39'39 can-

?9919 111 39993 tEe 999m fiifferc
want grnnfis in the sit-up for "19 979

8092938 f9? the fift9-9n-1'i“.irzuhn "7:919 1’:

<n993 of the thr9v treat-
197919. The post-tnst

999 vnry hi9“ at all 979

16V913 923:: -or the W'93 1’1-1’“ months and 99999 166
ntbs The POfit-test 309?93 for the fIV9-Tiuute 9Toup

showed only 999 hirfi 999r9, 999V9 155;
193 9c3 93. all 9f the cantr9l :09
L9r99 99193 I99 the rr>-t93t 390r93

9n939. tut 3h099d no

r93 were low to very 10 99.

ch19V9d ,J both

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I‘ 11???? IAI?‘-“ , 3 .3?.1‘?
a I.'w” . 3 1 ‘ If-u
I
1 3T9- Post-
?est T99t f‘11"1.‘9'1:'rm()9.
1¢e3n 13993 “9twe9n “F” l
399 Troun ? 3033931530333 3933 39199 P
1

1. < 195 3 5- 13. _ 93.69 €3.90 95.30 3.909 <0.099

?o B 135 3 15’ in. C '3033 50:? SOOQS

3. 1:5 I Cantrml 5 31.?51 73.33 39.13

9. 199-159 3 5-;13. 15 9P.f7 99.73 99.F6

5. 195-159 . 15- in. f '9.13 99. 99 59.97

3. 195-150 ’ Cont.31 F 3?.33 52.3“ 17.39 i

7- 151-153 : 5"19. 1% 9?.?$ 70”"15Q.QQ

S. 151-155 g 15-. .13. 9 93.79 93 .39 50.50

9. 151-155 Control 16 93.691 (1.5 .3 19.99
10. 159-159 1 fi-3in. 1? 93.12 69.”) 35.97
11. 155-190 I15-1112. 19 35.39 69.19 39 99
1?. lam-199 . 303:1,1 19 93.9? 55. 6 11.99 1
13. 151-1‘5 n 5" 133*. C “0.50 59",", 30.50
14. 1(1-145 . 15-~13. .3 53.9? 79.3? 39 46
15. 151-1535 : comm: 59.10 65.65 15.55 '
16. 3 16% x Cc'gn. v 63.99 91.91 31.92
17. Q 153 T 15- in. 19 99.50 75.50 97.00
1?. 165 3C03tr31 7 95.57 ?O.19 33.5 1
Tuficnn's 3311f19~9t lefarWHCH L””Jt€3 ‘9fin38 591?. 15. K. 9.
1?. 17' 5’1“. 150 '0 Q. 193 ”>17. 153 U! 9. 7’1”. 15- 60 g! 1F!
9213. 15. 6. ;. 1’. 1?; 1>l3, 15; 321?: 1'>13. 15: 19313. 15

the f193-913339 939 fif‘vrn-9fl“"te "”0999 at 911 three 939
199919 93133 155 mont 33 while t99y in? ..... m'9d only .39 9r3t91y
abdve 155 months. The central 33333 13. 3:0933 only slifihtly
with the exceptien 3f the belov-l95-months nroxap. All five-
Hlnute 9933-3 b 10: 16‘ mar H318 3193939 3 31.31f1033t inc r9 233
over 911 6039 r31 3rougs. exce;- 3t the central group below 195

months. Thsy 639 not irnrove signifienntly over the

fiftcon-minute groups except the fifteen-minute group over
166 months. All the fifteen-minute groups, except 155-160
months group and the group above 166 months. improved siz-
nificantly moro than all the control firoups excopt the

control group below 145 months. but did not improve simnifi-

cantly over any of the five-minute croups.

PM. 1 ~11 173
Table IV wives the overall results of the three tract-

ment groups in the pull-figs. The fifteen-minute group scored

"FA L137. I V

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

." LA}! ESCCi-‘z'l TIFF"; «431128.13 5.31
92":“721'rr...s::~.;“ 1:: TE}; FULL-w
Differencd
pre-?est Post-Test Between “F”

Group fl Penn Score Econ Scorch Reans Valud P
1. 5-32:1!!th 7; 3.07 3.61 0.54 4.651‘ 0.011
2. lfi-Kinute 6t 3.31 3.01 -O.30
3. Control 73 2.73 2.95 .22
Iuncan's sipoiflcént éifferonce between moons: l)?

 

lower on the post-test than the pre—test. with a difference
betweon means of -O.30. The five-minute group recorded a gain
Vof 0.5u and the control group has a gain of 0.?2. The dif-
ference between the five-minute Wroup and the fifteen~minute
group was significant. There was no siqnificant difference
between the fivedminute group or the fifteen-minute croup

and the control nroup.

Table V shows that Class IV was prinarily responsible

for the low post-test score by the fifteen-minute group.

‘3!.‘ ', "'l '1'
l8le V
‘Pl’~'f I. r1 “fl?“ CK Qf‘f'fi‘ . \rif‘ 'fiu'firfi 'W' "t‘f'.~ «Ts
A‘SJJSJ vuwalu ['31 .l l-V- ,w Rum) :4]. \JuJiu'.
w"- .' - A ~‘.. 51 r-I- may; t’s‘x‘v' 7'. -;
A...” IULJ“.L1‘... .41 IJ .L.3i. L'ULIIJ-UI'

 

 

Pro-Test Post-Test Eifference

 

ween Joan Between “F“

Group H Scores Scores leans Veluq P

1. 7-5 kin (III) 351 2.P6 3.37 0.51 2.u17 0.037
20 7-15 tin ‘11)H39 205$ ?OP7 0003

3. 7th Control 3Q 2.?R 2.au 0.16

h. 9-5 Fin (I) 35 3.?0 3.96 0.57

5. P-15 film (Iv) 3? 3.79 3.16 -o.62

6. Fth Control #1 3.07 3.33 0.27

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

tunesn's sltnificent oifference between means: &>5; ?>5. 525

However. the other fifteen-minute class. Class II. had only
a very nearer gain of 0.03. Classes I and III both scored
well on the post-test. with gains of 0.57 and 0.51 respec-
tively. Classes I. II. and the eighth grade control improved
significantly over Class IV.

Table V: compares the mean score differences in the
pull-ups of the three treatments at six age levels. It can
be seen that the fifteen-minute group's post-test scores for
all age levels was lower than the pro-test scores. with the
exception of the one level 151-155 months. The fifteen-
minute group had losses ranging from -0.09 to -O.€0. The

five-minute group and control nroup each had on.y one pull-up

31

TABLE VI
MEAN SCORE FIFTFTR'ENCFS BY AC..
mm TREATMENT I?! TII'S FULL-UP

 

 

 

 

 

Pre- Post- [
Test Test Ditforonc
Moon Moon Between “P"
Age Group —i Score Scores Means Vila P
lo < 1“5 M S’Hlno 1.40 1020 -0020 1.301 00195
2. - ins M 15-Mina 3.89 3.22 -o.67
3. 105 H ControL 2.75 2.25 -0.50
h. 1Q6-150 5-51no 1 2.33 2073 O.h0
5. 106-150 15-Hin. 2.50 1.87 -0.63
6. 106-150 Control 1.75 2.75 1.00
7. 151-155 5-Min. 1 3.21 3.86 0.65
8. 151-155 15-H1n1 1 301“ 3.6“ 0.50
9. 151-155 Control 1 2.19 2.31 0.12
11. 156-160 15¢"1n1 1 h.h0 3060 -0080
12. 156-160 Control 1 2.07 2.07 0.00
13. 161-165 5-Hin. 1 0.08 “.33 0.25
1“. 161-165 15‘M1n 1 2on6 2038 -0008
15. 161-165 Contro 2 3.65 3.95 0.30
16. , 166 n S-Min. 3.29 u.u3 1.1u 1
17. a 166 M 15-hin l 3.70 3.10 -0.60
180 166 M Contro 3.71 4.28 005?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eb significant difforsncos between treatment Icons

post-test score lower than the pro-test score. both were at
the youngest age level. below 195 months. The five-minute
group showed a continuous pull-up post-test score improvement
from below 105 months to above 166 months. while the fifteen-
minute group and control srcup did not. There were no signifi-
cant differences between the treatment means.

Table VII shows the mean score differences of the three

treatment groups for each hour in the pull-ups. It can be

TA3.T VII

2'. ‘v '5 hrs-w:- 1 "‘t“;‘:‘7>',7m “2"“ r- xv“: .
i)b“lr‘ 0 UV. ..t ‘- l I}... .‘ .L...“§\d -.3 ‘Y .;“-."~JR

PVT" "$1" -7-,n. ”Hi-6:1 “n In ' :13) ,2’7‘ I U '-

fihw! 4‘11...“ ~.'.’.L :U f-;2' {Mr}. P

 

 

<__ ._ r <_
Pre—Pes: Fost-?es Tiffarencé
mean Kean Metween “T“
Group N dcores floores Fenns valud P

L

 

1
1

1. 13b 5-715. 3 3.29 jof6 0057 1.819 0.095
2. lat Control 2? 3.F? n.27 0.h5 I

3. End 15-min. 3? 2.94 2.E? 0.03

a. ?nd Control 17 c.23 2.a7 l 0.2a

50 3X7! 5~~1n. 3:] POCG 303? 0051

(To 31": COnt?GL 15 9033 20"‘VO 0.07

7. zlth 15"i-1no 3'“ 39?: 3.16 -0969

P. nth Control 19 2.21 2.26 0.05

 

 

 

 

Euncnn's siamificfint differenca betwaan means: 127: 53?: ?>7

 

 

 

seen that not only difl the fourth-hour fifteen-minute treat-
ment group have a negative difference between means. but the
fourth-hour control group had a low difference between means
as well. it should also be notefl that the second-hour
fifteen-minute group scored a very low difference between
means while the second-hour control group did not. The first
and third hour five-minute groups improved simnificantly over
the fourth-hour fifteen-minute group. but there were no other

significant differences.

“tnfifilnr firosa Jung
Table VIII shows the mean score differences of the three
treatrent cramps in the stnnflinr broafl jump. The fifteen-

minute aroup recorfied the larrest gain. 2.59 inchss. while

4 F 5‘ F. "11!. ‘h ‘5 YET?“ '\ ‘1 I ,‘g“'\»‘ ‘N‘Iir 1" '9'" v‘ B F
. ..n-'- ~— Qv’m : a 34.2.. x . u... t) 1.1.. .3. I id 0 4.
:. \-‘ i (u -’ 1 ~ u ;‘.:‘ ,~. , r. T? })
Iii! L a a! .E’ ' :3 1 L: x t t U

 

I
I Fifference

fire-fest Fast-lea Between
Kean dcore: J an Scorai Means ”F”
3T9“? 1 E" (3:330) (1110) (INC) Valura P

 

1. S-fiinute 7% 59.91 61.15 2.15 1.52? 0.2?1
2. lfi-rinutw 6t 63.ht 63.22 2.5?
30 CCIitI‘Ol 7-1 5:075 5907]. 0096

I
I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘ f‘ 1. r~ , 6-. fi'} , $- ' , 1' .‘ 'W‘Vl'a‘ “pg.“ 1. ,-_ L ‘0 ‘é” w t ‘l"‘ '°‘ “3-18 w" F'xi'.’." '
no a 1....“ .Lbrdsy (11. .t I u. Quanta; Q:;~'Dv8L-t‘iil I t»... with,“ manna

‘-

the fivn-iirute growl: was close behind with a rain of 2.15
inohns. {he central wrong scerefl a .nin of only 0.95 inches.
There was no aiwnificnnt flifferfince between the three treat-
rant "row?"
gable 3% shown the mean sccrn differences of the three

trout rut arrays kw prafie in t“e atfirdfil bran“ jurp. It
can be scan, as 'r"*cto., the eirhth wrafle boys scnred himher

thm stenfinfi braufi jufip than did the seventh wrade bcgrs.
C1933 1 rfirnr'efi the lar*93t inrrovatnnt with a gain of 3.05
inchas. while 61a: 33 IJ was c1033 be hinP. with a ”Tin of 3.0“

II rrcorfti tae smallest improvement with a

3.:

inches. C1333
Pflin of 1. 93 inches T111fi tl‘"fi II scorfia a slightly higher
are. wit? a @313 cf 2.12 inchea. lhore were no siirificnnt

eiff arfig‘iccs tzot x'cen tn mean différencea.

TABLE 1x

4 )C" {‘33 T 11 PE 1'? 1.3?le
i

“A 3r (11‘3" AM."
MT $3? I" T35 STih

3 -
.1231 G ERFAD JU‘P

.
El}:

Al

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pro-Test Post-Tostrnifferenoe
keen Kean Between
Scores floores henna ”F“
Group N (In.) (In.) (In.) valu P
1. 7-5 hin (III) 35 56.43 } 57.66 1.23 1.17QIO.323
2. 7-15 Min (II) 3?, 57.16 59.?9 2.12
3. 7th Control 3? 56.91 57.19 0.39
a. 9-5 hin (I) 35 61.60 64.66 3. 06
5. 8-15 Iin (IV) 3? 6h.12 67.16 ‘ 3. 0’+
6. 8th Control #1 60.97 61.68 1. #1

 

 

ho sisnifieent_d fferences between treetnent means

Table X shows the mean score differences of the three
treatment groups at six age levels in the standing breed
jump. The five-minute treatment group below 135 months
scored no improvement in the standing breed jump. while
the five~minute group above 166 months scored the lareest
improvement with a gain of 6.71 inches. The fifteen-minute
treatment group showed improvement at all age levels. with
the smallest Fain below 1&5 months of 0.79 inches and the
largest gain at 161-165 months of n.07 inches. There were
no significant differences between the treatment means at

the various see levels.

 

 

 

 

 

’r‘. 3;,"an 3:315:11? I"II’1’3‘LT-7'CI-SC'T'LS :33: ACT A377}
11;.35‘.’ I "L ‘7 (33.1“; ' I {3 "" J 17
Fre- Post-
Test lest lflfference
Wes-2. “ecn j Lieu-men
Scorea ficorea beans ”F“
Aée Group N (In.) (In.) (In.) valuq P
1. < 1:5 1 5-x1n. 6.60 54.60 0.00 0.91% 0.552
2. 8 1&3 3 15-11n 3.7? 59.55 ‘907F l
3. 145 a Contro $.25 5fl.00 -O.?5
4. 1&fi-153 x 5-;1n. u.u7 55.13 0.66 1
5. 1&5-153 ; 15-Lin 6.75 60.63 .83
6. 1&5-150 4 Contra 5.63 55.95 ~0.39
7. 151-155 A 5-51n. 53.00 61.1% 3.14
8. 151-155 N 15-31n 60.64 6?.79‘ 2.1a
9. 151-155 a Contra 59.25 60.00 0.75
10. 155-1(0 I 5“ 17:1. (.92; 61.?3 2.?9
11. 155-150 T 15-min .2.10 63.60 1.50
12. 15fi-150 4 Centre 56.07 53.93 2.86
13. 161-155 4 5-“1n. 65.25 66.0? 0.93
1“. 151-155 ‘ 15-Y1n 50.09 64.15 “.07
15. 151-155 1 Contra. (1.95 69.55 0.69
1 ’. ) 1AA I 5-“!an 6.9.00 6'Q.71 6.71
17. a 156 fi 15- 1? 64.70 67.60 2.90
1‘3 156 Y Cant?“ €2.57 6&.1Q 1.57

 

 

 

 

A

 

 

 

brtween treatment means

 

fable XI shows tag mean score differences of the three
treatmeut tramps 1n the vertical jump. Ihe five-minute
group recorfied the larfiest improvement with a gain of 1.1%
inches. while the fifteen-minute wroup rscorded a gain of
0.F1 inches. The control group scored a loss of -C.¢9
inches. Seth the five-minute group and the fifteen-minute

group improved simnlficantly over the cantrcl proufi. The

36

TA BLE' XI

Milt} SCOT??? FIPFQRWJC‘WS BY
TRL‘ATPZZTIIT IN T3133 VERTICAL JUXP

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pro-TesJ’Post-Tead Differenc4r
Mean Mean Between
Scores Scores Keane "F“
Grcup N (In.) (In.) (In.) value P
1. 5-minute 70 11.59 12.73 1.1a 13.62 <o.ooos
2. 15-:‘1nute 6“" 12.31 13.12 0.81
3. Control 73 12.89 12.80 -0.09
funcgfiis significant di'ferenoe Betfiéen means: 1> .

   

difference between the five-minute group and the fifteen-

minute group was not significant.

Table XII shows the mean score differences of the three

TABLE XII

MEAN SCORE? DIWZH’EEICZSS
TREVI‘T‘HEIT IN THIS VIEA’I‘ICAL JUKP

BY

CZIAT‘IFI AND

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I Pro-T030 Post-Toot DifferonOJ
1 Mean Mean Botween
Scores Scores Means “F”
Group N (In.) (In.) (In.) Vhlu P
1. 7-5 Min (111)135 10.60 11.78 1.10 6.771 <0.0005
2. 7-15 Min (II)132 11.05 12.31 0.86
a. 7th Control 3?. 12.36 11.80 -0. 56
. 8-5 Min (I) 35 12.53 13.67 1.10

5. 8-15 ”1“ (IV) 2 13017 13092 0.75
6. 8th control 1 13.30 13.58 0.28
fiunouf's aigni can diherenoe betwaen moans: k5. 3. I>5. 3.

2’33 5>BI 6>3

 

37

treatment groups by grade in the vertical Jump. It can be
seen as expected. the eighth grodc boys coorod higher on tho
vertical Jump than did. the seventh grade boys. Classes I
and 11 recorded. the largest improvement in tho vortionl Jump
with identical gains of 1.10 inches. Class II recorded the ,
second largest improvement with o gain of 0.86 inohea while
Class IV had a gain of 0.75 inches. The differences in all
the groups were significantly greater thou tint of the ooventh
grade control group. while the improvcmcnta in (nu-co I and

III were also significantly greater than that of the eighth

grade control group. There was no limifioanoo between the
five-minute group or the fifteen-minute group at the covers).

grade levels.

TABLE XIII

M305 SCORE DIFFERdSCES BY HOUR AND
TKEATEfiNT IN THE VERTICAL JUMP

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bro-Too Post-Tong Diffcreno
Moan Moan Between
scores Socra- Hcano ’1'“
Group II (111.) (121.) (111.) Volt: P
1. lat 5-011). 35‘ 12053 13.67 1.1“ 8.00; (0.0005
2. 18% Gone”). 22 13030 1 .39 1.09
. and Control 17 12.50 11.53 -O.97
6. 3rd Cont”). 1 12.20 12.10 -0010
70 “th 15"”1310 3?- 13017 13092 0075
8. 11th Control 19 13.32 12.66 -O.66
Moon's 813111 cant i oroncc between means: > , E, 8.

5’“. 80 6! 2’“o 80 6| 3’“. 8c 6! 7’40 8

$3272 2721 22222 tflu 2222 score differences of the three

treatrcnt groups for each "our in the vertical Jump. It can
b2 2222 t32t both of ha c2v2xth 22262 control tramps 2cor2d

“ 1022 13161229; :3 that the 1023 "13mm in "321212 25.11 3:22

£3
H
("1
{,3
(
C

not 622 to one class 23 it 22 2 in t22 ull -ups. 30 h the

fIV2-2inut2 c122222 226 the fifteenaainutc 122222 improved

0

siznif122ntly over all of tha cnntrcl 21.223, but there was

no 5122ificamt ciffercnce between t.2 five-Tinute c122228

and he Ti? 32- mute 2123323.

22212 312 2h222 the mean score fiiffnrencea of the thr22
tr22t2cnt urcu*3 at 21: age 12*213 in tha v2rt1021 Jump. It
can be 8222 t: gut? 211 222 levcls. except 2 five 166 months.
th2 cogtr21 ~23Jp scar2d 12J2r on tha post-tes t then on tae
rré-tam Iha five-minute groups sccr2d gains of one inch
or more 2 211 232 1222 2, .1 22,t below 165 months. while the
fi+t22w-“rut2 group. only accrnd a vain of one inch or more

2t th2 222 12221 156-160 202222. All the five-minut2 groups,

J5 months, @212 2d ei~nifioqnt1v ovcr all the
7.9"an 22v. "“2! -1? 2"? t" ('3 7‘19":- 1 ~29 23‘ a 164 no t! a

c010 VJ. a! ,0 §.‘- Guy J . Cat 0‘. b. d -3‘>~« CO... Jae I . - 011p Cn- DOV» .4 r..- .-.On :10 .
w’2112 (Ely th2 fiftnvn-”12"*2 wrwvn 2t 15 6-160 months "2122*
si~nifl antly over the cmatrol 2rnug2. There was no Siffllfl-

cant éiffcr22c2 32+x2cn the five-minute cramps 222 t.2 fifteen-

:1nut2 groups at any 232 levxl.

 

 

$333.3?”Tifff?““rtc.3.T'AC” A?“
‘3‘ ’\ : J I": . a ‘1' ‘ :1: 3 I; O] i r .;’n
Pre- Post-
Tast lest rifferenCF
mean ie3n Letween l
Jaorefi 3corej fanns "T"
33% Srcup a (In.) (In.) (In.) VGIUM P

F
I
I
}

 

1. < 135 F SJ in. 5:10.90 11.73 0.90 ?.353 0.033
20 H 1%5 : 15‘u1nu Q'11|?? 12061 0.99
3. 135 ‘ Control 5:11.53 13.93 -O.5?
>. 33- 53 -5-51n. 13 10.67 11.53 1.16
5. luv-153 * 15-51n. ‘11?.?5 19.751 0.59

6. fi’C-lffia‘} W Control
7. 151-155 i 5- in.
9. 151-15? 15-51n.
9. 151-155 3 Control
10. 53-130 A 5-»in.
11. 153--130 5 lS-LIU.
i?. %/'1 ~3;g . gonzrnl
- -,"i_ n
13: 1‘1'1i5 ” fs-r12
15. 131-155 J tantra}
1“.)1ij: 3.. 5-: in.
17.“):1:15.i 121.
15

1?. a 11.64:) ““052
11.0412.3? .99
11.33 1°. "1 0.79
12.91 1I0H3 -Ooflfi 1
11.9512.¢7 1.21
1°.55 13:90 1.35
1?.36 12.95 ~O.11
13.09 14.0.)1.CO
19.55 13.19 0.53
13070 130KB ‘90 0?
13.50 13.64 1.13
1203f) 13.55 DOCS l

._. -3.’
L\ g...

._
m.-

‘N
.3"). .L .

MHHHHHHHH

5...:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.\ f .—
11. 5 Central 7 13.53 15.33 1.50
m. - a we. ~n~. 3f 3 r3~kw *'+.; , m-~~:— " ’ 3 m
332 szu 33.3131c333 Liiiarmnce Dcuflfiflfl wauh3| 15>“. J. 3-

158 1&9, 30 90 120 153 7’60 30 9. 129 15’ 10’60 30 90 120
153 “’50 )0 90 15! 1395 .

{’15-O+‘] .? ;"‘.".A.

.' Ibo‘v 5

Am.

Table XV skews the mean scare diff9rences of the three
treatment means in the shuttla run. The five-minute group
racorfiefl the larvest irpr,ve:ent with a rain of -0.09 sec-
onfis. while the fifteen-minute 3mup. recorded a Wain of -O.??
secnnds. The control #roup racorfind a 391n,of -O,37 seconds.

the five-zlnute gfr-u Uimprovnd Si‘filflC-Wl y over tha cantrol

40

PA 3L8 XV

a‘~'.-'.‘:'X.‘5 SCCRJS
TIE.AI‘€12"3;3'I‘ I?! Tiiz-Z SHUPL‘LLS

D II-‘TE T'.‘ 3 III

C73 BY

RU N

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plfferen04

Pre-test Post-Test Letween

Hezn scores mean Score means “F“
Group 1 (300.) (See.) 1 (300.) value P
1. 5-?1nute 70 11.92 10.9% ~0.98 2.h33 0.090
2. 15-:1nutq 6% 11.91 11.03 I -O.P8
3. Control 73 11.70 11.07 -o.67
Tunean‘s siznlflcant dif?Erence Eggfieen means. 1>3

group. but the fifteen-minute grouptdid not.

The difference

between the five-minute group and the fifteen-minute group

was not significant.

1’1 BL?) XV I

 

 

 

 

  
 
 
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

MAN 30"er PIFFERPJJCE‘S 13‘! 6.111173
A1133 TI”...A'LS':JI’I;I' 12% THE SHUTTLE BUN
Pre-Tes4 Poet-Tee Differenc
Mean Mean Between
Scores Scores Means “F“
Group 1 (Sec.) (300.) (Sec.) velu P
1. 7-5 x1n (1111 3 12.10 11.01 -1.09 1.87 0.099
P. 7-15 “in (II} 3 12023 11038 -0085
3. 7th central 3 19.01 11.13 -O.87
h. 9-5 Kin (I) 3 11.73 10.87 -0.86
5. g'ls Kin (IVJ 3‘ 11.60 10.68 -0092
6. ‘2th Control 0 11.5h 11.02 -0.52
fiihoan‘s si§51 ea t 1 re 00 baffleJn.meeneu 136

 

 

1.1.1

i‘;ble 11152023 the mean score differences of the three
treatment groups by grfife in the shuttle run. 21th the ex-
ceg‘tiou cf Class 111. it can be seen. as expected, the eighth
grade cogs score M lower on the pre-test and post-test than
the 36V“nth rrgfie bays. Class III rtcorfied the larrest 12-
ttnvn art in the ska tle run with a xfiin of -1.09 seconfis.

Class III ”11305 sltnlflcantly over the elwhth 22320 control.

.1 'M“ -', "I" T' h’"‘1f"‘-~"~“w. -“1' 1n "1y rm-

..142' 1': ."_' L .' ,'L-~ 4‘: L)" SJ.

9‘ a {1 r'. m ‘8" I”. «v ', ‘ f':' . a {'l n‘ .. L‘l‘ O
.. - . ._ ‘ G ,

.i .; . 4.. L3 n.) ,. A 4 .IV I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pre- Post-

Test Test ”ifferencJ
Kenn 2:23 Setween

Scnroj SEcoroc Reans "F”

3‘“ I “reap 2 Me .J (390.1 (3e0.) Vain” P
1. < 125 r 5-;1n. 5 12.12 11.2w ~0.92 1.73? 0.039
9. a 145 2 15- in. 2 12.01 11,03 -3,02
3. 145 I OitPOZ a 12.1” 11. 14 -1000
4. 145-154 L 5- in. 15 12.9, 11.93 ~G.9?

5. 145-150 A 15- in. F 12. 401 11. 2-0 ~1.00
6. 144-150 1 Central 9 19.9, 11.33 ~0.90
7. .53-155 3 5-71n. 14 9.34 M.74 -1.60
F. 151-155 I 15-.12. 14 11.75 11.?1. ~Oo74
Q. Ei-asj J Controfl 1i 11.90 11.01 -O.7Q

10. 15‘-1F0 “ 5- in. 31? 12.01 10.22 -1.02

11. 1§’-1F0 15--1n. 1? 19.05 10.97 -1.12

19. 154-153 W {antrol 14 11.94 11.31 -0.53

13. 151-155 H 5 -«1n. 1? 11.3 10.79 -0.5

12. 1F1-1Fs 1 15-w1n. 11 11. 0F 11.11 -0.25

15- 151-165 : Control 22 11.5. 10.99 -Q.Fg

1F. > 1F< x 5-;1m. ? 11.10 10. f5? -n.21

17. - 1{£ 2 15~.1n. 11 11.1.:5 10. ’ -0.70

1?. lfiu x Contrea ? 11.10 11.07 -0.03

3. LL21€3€3113'3 £31., 22.1 1.1 1132‘ {Sit C-if ('FETfi :ltj‘f. Uti 2. Mt 7‘51} 73*3'31315' 7’14”. :9. 1‘.

f
17. 15. 12. 13. 11;. l“; 11>1‘f. 1“>1 1 4>1E-

1:313 9211 Show 3 the mean score differonces of the three
treat vat "Wnirs at six 9:9 lcvals in tun shuttle mi'n. 23
11,12 be 94399292, thnse at tho ynuflqtr Gnfi of the table 12-
ptcve; ”9“ t2 n tins a the olétr 0:11 of tt 9 tab It can
also *9 3994 that those at the 0122? end of the table scorfid

10W¢r an the yr

2?)

-t9;t 929 mat-tea than thnse at the youn a?
and of the table. The five-minute tramp at 151-155 months
recnrficfl .he 19r¢93 infircvszan with a gain of -1.:O 86003.9.
.418 was sixnifit t1; r1iff‘wmrt frcn that of all treatwen
hranrs abate 150 - oaths with the excartion of the five-minut
and fiftsen-xinute :rnuys at 154-150 months. The five-m mute
~160 month‘ anfi 146-150 3 nths aha the fifteem

t lfifi-léo monthg 911 improved siwnificnntly ovor

the control 'vc1t abova 1C6! 1303 ha.

L3
(3
«I'D
H
5-1

8-39W3 a c :.parison of the mean differences
of the thrte trfifitflfifit TTWHTS on the five vfitiatlta.

2n three of tho fiva v; r1991 93 -- pwgll-ups. vertical
.4221 239 tantale ru. -- $19 fivo-mi.utc fiEOlp improved more
than '54 fiftnon-miauta ”WQ‘T but ofily in the pull-ups was

-9, 1 5.9. an
1.4.1:“: (’iLL'U'; '40-“ 51 4.51p-x1nu. A 21% f1

h-i’

t 19::1-2771nute "T0129 13.,

proved tor: th;n tha five-minuta from; in two cf the five

113

$41 ’L-: .3". ‘TII

 

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:1. g. _,1

‘rnafl Vertical Shuttle

Sroup fi Sit-Ups Pull-Ups Jump kJurp mun

 

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lS-Tfinuta
Cont r01

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"1ve T333? 37y have @3033 tired of exercisinc

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-he flfcfifi1-"fiwntq

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broad jump -- thoufih ‘he

.. . a.
15.1 3” PG 13.0 Lo

sififilficmnt.

ou*h the fi‘“077-. 3‘ t9 Pro-
Enll-up «Eility. Seth the

wraup lfivrovod more than

heath the 61?? Wang; batnaen
o1trnl imam“ was rct sirnlfi-

(it. '0

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11.3.s331-VRJ‘3’.’ tile rf\':3.'11 t of

fi‘."’7
IY-ial- '1
4

subjects or of Gna are

$711.13 141103110

ion to shoulfier and arm

tho bnys 1n the fifteen-

d'

anfi lost

their'desire and enthusiasm for comrlctely exerting themselves

as they were instructed.

     
 

y¢«31.31 32:5 -- hath the five-minute Qroup and the

 

fifteen-minute group improvnd sinnificnntly more th3n the
control Qrcup. Table XII ahnws that. with the exception of
the seventh Qrade central Qroup. both grades had approximately
the same amount of imprQV3ment. Table XIV shows that the
qains scored by the fivn ~minut3 QTnups wore consistent
throuzhout all 3.? el evels while the fifteen-minute groups

was gains inconsis tently.

Ehpttle 333 -- The five-minute Qroup improv3d signifi~
cantly more in the shuttle run than did the control group.
lven thou3h the five~m nu 3 group improved more than did the
fifteen-:Anute group, tha difference was not siQnific.nt.
Table XVI she: '3 th3t. with the cxce:3tion of the eithh Qr3d
control group. both Qraées had mean differences which were
vary similar. Table XVII showa that age did not affect the
scores for the treatment Qroups.

IA. .o
I .{

 
   

  

33 -- Both the fivedminute Qroup and the fifteen-

 

minute group i'trnvsfi si:rnificantly more th3n the control
group in sit-ups. Yhouxh the fifteen-minute stomp improved
more tlznn the five—minuta nroup. the difference was 3:311 and
not siznificznt. I'h3 01083m 33 of the post-test scores in-
dicates that five minutes of calist henics is n33rly as 9; f3
tive as fifteen minutes of calisthenica in brinqinx about an

imprcvement in Slt'uFS. Table 11 shows he seventh 33333

>“-

Kn

.-
.2: a

boys T?1? 3fi more than (13 the eifhth 313 a bo33 . far 311

m1 III shows that the younfier

:31

boys t~wflafl to have a firfiatprr Mf f3 rence between 333n3 for all

troatrent 330333.

 

(:331‘33 ”33°“ 5933 -- Even thouwh the five-minute cramp
and tfia fiftenn-minute 33013 bath improved more than the con-
trol group. the 1f‘3rr‘q 33 vere net 13333 enmuih to be 313-
niflcant. {he fifteen-r nuts vrezp 123rov Ml slithtly more
than the five-minute 33oup, 33b13 I4 skews the 91;:hth nm.de
boys scored beWt 3r 5.133 than the seventh grade boys. in
afiéition to scoring higher on the post-test. 13333 K shows
that the 3333 tenfled to junp f3 rah"? at 5n n1‘nr'a~n for all

. A “ --.1. AI . F
tnrua treatment grnaps.

'.' say-“n “my pascal-.1 1n n § (up-sq :1:n11“_) AfiAVPV‘AHF q?) are!
l 4'

if” , '4‘ 4- “Q"¢I¢‘L‘__:' Lag-L in. L4; '

 

 

._..........r.:_

T‘is 3 may was undertnkcn to determine whether or not a
viccrcus five-minute M 11y calisthenic prorrc m would achieve
the care level of physical fitness as that achieved by a
Viwcrcus fifteen-minute flaily calicthcnic program. The sample
consistefi of ?07 white seventh and cimhth grade boys rcnring
in are from 1&1 months to 178 months in Hascn Junior Hiwh
School. L son. filohiman. The subjects for the experimental
rrnup were those bcys schcfluled for physical caucaticn the
first semester, while the subjects for the control croup were
thcsc bc"3 scheduled. in study h? 11. The five-minute calla-
thcnic Ian v5” 3 runc.rly assigned to one seventh and one
eiqhth grace class as was th e fifteen-m inutc plan. Two dif-
ferent daily calisthcnic programs were used for this stufly.
so that the exercises would not be the same for each flay
thrcuwhcut the fourteen-week training period. Each class

at either two t mes a wee: or three times on alternate weeks.
with a total of three days taken out of the stufly for a

(1" c

teacher's workshop and .nanLSfivinq. The test battery
consistafi cf: pull-ups. sit-ups. vertical 3113p. standinw
broad Jump and shuttle run. The tcs t. requirinv a total of

six days. was administered to both the experimental and

#6

1;?

control groups preoccdinq and followinm the fourtec., -wc-:

I
.

trsininz period. 'he cats were tabulated and treated
stra tis ticslly qu in: the "F“ tcst and runcsn's Hultiple-
Elana-fie Test. both at the .t‘ Slcvsl of simif‘imncc Its
five-minute group improv vcd more than the fifteen-minute
group as three of the five test items -- pull-ups. vertical
gasp ans snuttls run -- with a significant difference only
in tic pull-ups. The fifteen-s mute micup is? rowed more»
than the fivsnminuts zrcizp in two of the five test items --
sit-uzs and stssflinz broad jump -- with no significant
fliffsrssces. The fivs-. Hin‘te group improved sirsif icsntly
more than the control Frcup in the sit-ups. vertical Jump
cnfi shuttle run, while the fifteen-minute srcup imprcvsd
sicnificsntly more than the ccntrcl sroup in the sit-ups
cnfi vertical Just. Tsfirs were no si*nificsnt 1*Drovcnonts

in the stanflinm brccfl jusp by any of the treatment srcups.

flnhh1 awn‘ “can
I

L." 1.4.

1. Piss misutss of 03115 as? 103 is si‘riTiccrtly
more cffcctivc "has fifteen minutes of calis-
thscics in zrnxucin~ an im:rc 9:3 nt in pull-urs
uhcn carried cat under the conditim 13 of this
stufly.

2. Firs minutes of calisthexxics is avfit as ef-
fective as fifteen minutes of calisthcnics in

profiucins an irprcvczcnt in the vertical Jump

3.

5.

a?

when carried out under the conditions of this
stufiy.

Five minutes of calisthcnics is Just as effec-
tive as fifteen minutes of calisthonics in
profiucing an improvement in the shuttle run
when carried out under the conditions of this
study.

Five minutes of calisthenios is Just as effec-
tive as fifteen minutes of calisthcnics in
proflucinx an improvement in the situups when
carried out unfier the conflitions of this
study.

Five minutes of calisthenics is Just as effec-
tive as fifteen minutes of cslisthcnics in
producing an improvement in the standing broad
Jump when carried out under the conditions of
this study.

A fifteen-minute calisthenio program as used
in this study may be too strenuous and may
bring about 1033 of enthusiasm and desire for

complete exertion.

Escofizcrfiitiqns

 

1.

A similar study should be conducted. starting
at some time other than at the besinnins of
the school year when the students' excitement

and enthusiasm runs very high and concluainq

LL ‘3

at some tire other than befora a holiday when
'udnats' asticirntion of a vacation runs

‘

.b. .. t.
'nunusinsm for pn;slcnl

3'
pa
4 t
'.5'
a
“i
r?
7,25'
Di
{'1'
3'
i‘)
H
*3
(7

t
A slwilar study shoulé b9 canfiuctnfl with ten

tinutas cf calisthenics afiministerad as wall
“3 thm fiva-zinute calisthudlc protram.

a sifillar stung should ha cnnfiuctod with a

31.7511 i". C:E:A.I‘Ei‘£

1.

3.

£1.

5.

7.

8.

9.

10.

BIJLIGSKAPVY

Alexander. John F.¢ Stephen L. Hartin; and Kenneth Motz.
H?.ff9ots ofa our-‘nwk Ernininw Irorran on Cortain

Physical litness Components of Conditioned tale University

Students.” “9s99r9n uwrtnrgg 39:16-24. flarch. 1968.

Baker. John A. "Comoarison of Rope Skipping and 30991n2
as methods of Improvinz Cardiovascular Efficiency of
College Men.“ '99999r9h Quartfirlz 39'2N0-?43. Hay. 1968.

Lhnistor. E. H. ”A Comparison of Fitness Training fiothods
in a School Program.” figgogrch Quarteylx 36:387-399.
Eecember. 1965.

Berrafoto. Peter R. “The Effect'of Various Physical
Education Activities on All-Around fiuscular Endurance."
Unpublished haster'a Thesis. University of Illinois.
Uztmna. Illinois. 1999.

Brownell. Clifford L.. and Unzran. Patrica. angicol
.ilctioniFonnfifltirns and P i c n . New York: ficéraw-
till 300K Company. 1951. (p. 353 c

Campney. “arry L.. and wchr. Richard H. “Effects of
Calisthenics on Selectad Connponcnts of Physical Fitness.‘
39999roh Quart9rlz 360393-902 . December. 1965.

   
   

Cureton. Thomas K. “what is Physical Fitness.“
g: thfi fimoricdn Asgociat 9

.. 499. “fluoction
and E9cregti n lénlll-ff. Harch. 1995.

 

       

Eurnin. J. V. G. A.3 J. M. Rrockwaya and H. w. Whiteher.
“;ffecta of a shcrt period of training of varying severity
on 8,99 measurements of nhysicnl fitness.” ournn of
Avpliefl rhv9*o;9:2 15:161-165. 1960.

Fabrioius. 15313n. ”Effect of Adaed Calisthenics on the
rhysioal Fitness of Fourth Grade Boys and Girls."
£3399 - crq1_ 35:135-140. Kay. 1964.

7139*

     

Forfiham. Sheldon Lefioy. ”The Effect of Four Selected
Etysicsl Education Activities on Euscular Endurance Test
Sco as.“ Unpublished haster's Thesis. University of
Illinois. Urbana. Illinois. 1949.

50

11.

12.

13.

lb.

15.

16.

1?.

19.

19.

20.

51

Hart. Earcis E. and Shay. Clayton T. ”Relationship
Between Physical Fitness and Academic Success.“
Egsesrch Qusgtgzlz BSahbj-QQS. October. 1964.

Herkimer. L. B. “The Effects of Physical Exercise on
Adult Men.“ Unpublished Master's Thesis. University
of Illinois. 19h9.

Hillcourt. William. Fh sics * tness o .o . new
York: Golden Press. 1967.

Filsendaver. Donald. “Comparison of a Celisthenic and
s Eon-Calisthenic Physical Education Prorrsm.“ Eesee
. - 37:199-150. Pierch. 1966.

   
 

Elsvoc. Frank John. “Frequency of Physical Education
Instruction 93 a Factor Influencing Chanes in Strength
and Eotor Proficiency of Secondary School Boys.”
Unpublished Easter of Science Thesis. University of
Wisconsin. Eadison. Wisconsin. 1954.

Hopkins. Richard E. “The Effects of Volleyball and
Cslisthenics on the Physical Fitness of Adult Men.”
Unpublished Easter of Science Thesis. University of
Illinois. Urbcna. Illinois. 1951.

Iunsicker. Paul A. A”9r109n_Assgglgtign_for Hes;_g‘
3» a. . > .- Xo't f9 thess F93
. - p. 1. American Association forh Health. Physical
Education. and Recreation: Washington 6. D. C.. 1958.

     
 
 

 

Ikeda. Esmiko. ”A Comparison of Physical Fitness of
Children in Iowa. U.S.A.. and Tokyo. Japan.“ figseargn
Quezterlx 33.5h1-552. December. 1962.

     

Esrpovich. Peter V. Phys of Euscula A,
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders and Company. 1953.

Kennedy. John F. “The Soft American.” §223§g
illustrated, 13:15-17. December 26. 1960.

McCloy. C. H. “A Factor Analysis of Endurance.“
9 . 27:213-216. Esy. 1956.

 

cfilynn. George H. “Effect of an Isometric Exercise
on Force and Fatigue in a Skeletal Elusclc.‘I fieseaggg
Quarterly 39:131-137. Earch. 1965.

Eagle. Francis J. “How Euch Fitness.“ gournal of
y. . n 31.2&.

  
   

f’"

weptez'iber. 1 9 O.

:2.)
\\

31.

'2’)
.110

33.

PontniEQE. E. A.. 9nd Esrker. E. G. “En Analysis of
tho AEVPLT Youth Fitnes. Test.” 39222222 iu2rter1y
34:9?59975. Peco2ber. 1953.

President's C93 no 11 on P2721 2 F tness. “adult
l'hysiccl Fitr 233. A Pro*r:2m for Pen and WOTGH."
Essninztonc U. 3. Government Printinz “ffice. 1993.

.9ynolds. Charles F. “Compsrntive Tffects of TWO

fiff9.. r9nt Physical Education Pro rams Upon the Physical
Iitness and «otor pducsbility of Linth end Tenth Lr9de
mutt: OI "' ~ ‘2. 1:21 - {:21 , .22 "'72 9' ’2- ‘-‘

1J9. 1.n:n lisoed .oster of science 1 2212. couth
-;:ot1 ot1t 2 Callers of Arrionlture and Eechs.nic Arts.
Lzookian. Eouth Tukctm. 1957.

-(;..

o.

Sloan. A. E. "1 foot of Training on Physical Fitness
of ”22:2 ocduents.” 522:221 of 99:§infl 1272121931

fl,
1511c7-15). 1y 1.
Ctalay. 3. C. (21322293299. fies York: A. 3. 32rnes
and Co: 12221". 19-" .

Staley. Jewqrfi C. 32331331 Tv9roise Er99r223. 5 .
Louis. no.3 C. V. Fosby. 1953.

toel. Eobert T. snfl Jn2os I. Eorrie. Trchirl9 9n:
grecg92r22 of Et2tiotioc. Few Ecrks he raw-gill dock
" :.‘

.. .., ..
n. ’- ‘ 1 .- ~1~. q 1 ’r .
L-‘JLE-I- :1::J. . 4.1.x; . . 1 1’ '--’ ‘r‘ C

v 'y .1, A ‘.._ At, '4‘ T
*9iu_.us. Erthnr L. 2 to "9 o it 2: 11’ .t.

Cnicsqo. Illinois: The 12rtnrll LOT“OP't10N. L1'.3.

 

:24d291o. “onini9k A. ”;.ffscto f Pnily Fifteen-319 utc
Eerioos ofC Cslisthenics unon t}1e Ihysic2l Iitness of
1:1fth-f§1~3ldfi L20} 3 RYE-'1 ..1'!.‘1.S." A .nghq 2391'; 'lgnri; 9:13;

3? 37" 3 1. 13y, 1955-

Yincitore. iich2.ol fin 2tnony “iffccts of a Ehysicsl
onditioninn Iro' ran. on the Prefressive Pulse Ratio
:est of11d21t ton. Unpublished Loster's 1hcsis.

university of 11112013. Lr‘cnq. I 112013. 1951.

 

32931115. "-211 I... and "361319 6*. LOW-1310 w‘ ;‘71%9 L “"17““ '“r‘t
224 ”91" "29"t‘22‘92 Thrfin2h 19999.92. lewoou

 

 

 

Cliffs. 122 Jersey. Lrentics ...911. in no.. 19 C4.

p55-11513. Raymond A. ”IS th81021 Fitness Our rost
E.1JOTt-11’lt (b3130t1V€7" .JTGLITTTWL fip é__: Pf“, llj’h‘g‘; T121971" “:1.

.1, -‘-~ 9 ?" h .‘x ".' 1' ~—'__‘ 4 - r '
4:299ti22. “21 <9gr9rtiq; Jjalz-lrfi. 12*"u.ry 1‘164.

E111 nose. oErl H. ”V3122t122_in T921tfi_“9299t192
r

' . ~n. ‘ IL.- . o‘er ' .v 9 'I -T ’
9:9" :"257111321 11719"1.tj.9'_1. hm: 111,914 .~.c.....z'2;1-»13_1 .._;(}OS{

 

LC); .1 2:12;. . 1.113.: ‘ E3 1'51. 15"17 ) c

5'?

M)

vilsnn. firtrur L.. Jr. "Lhe Effect of Celfiht Tra hing
on the 333310: fitnm 3 of Ionxim Hen." Un“ublish3d
["_-3-_-.-‘."a1~.3 1}}9313. 1,3n1V9I’31ty 0f 111121013. "rhm'i.
-114313013. 1’33370

C. P. “The .ffec ts3 of Vollnybmll on the
c3tlon of 6?; it ’33.” t3“"b11°33' fiaster's
3 I

it of lllnnis. 195C.

. ”Titn3s 3 for 33Ccuaer Schncl Youth.

 

 

 

 

 

. .. .f' «H "' an. - p! .q v , 7 A w" Agu . .-
h_xr;-;J 33333; €33“ far 33lth, 93331331 v~333t133 334
‘ 3. ._~.-| -1” ‘ .fi 1"?” 1'

_._ .-,:. U; o ‘J’L’o

 

__ . ”The Presifler -t's Conferm 1C3 on Fitness

 

 

 

of Lgerlcan 133th.” ’P“"“31L~‘ ”cglta. 5*1317L1
L;nc:§j:n 333 F3g33ftlrn Hf :*-1C. 5C, 3393L2'3r, 1955 .

 

 

. ”Lre fresidsnt's Fitr 333 Irc_ m3.”
1".

 

{9323231 33‘ 3:13”. S"3r~fl3«1 7rfiurwt13n or” ...;r. tin?
5za5u-5L. 33953533r. 1951.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

_. ?%3_3p1thfi Stnths 33” 6f Vfifiiiv
73'“.- . ._. ' 13.1. ,.,. w ..- L '... 1 -.J.- '3, '9' ._
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Jumping Jacks 2 min. 30 sec. 53 sec.
Toe Touch 1 313. 15 sec. 25 Sec.
$3rt1031 Jump to i ;qu3t 1 min. 20 33c.
731331-197 3333-33 1 31n?0 33¢.
33t333133 In: ‘3133 (33 sto 33h) 1 min. 30 330. 30 $33.
Slflflfi Lo: 1:: 33 (J: 3133) 1 min. 33 330. 30 sec.
FerH3 w? 3331 (on back) 1 min. 33 sec. 30 sec.
firm P311 30 330. 10 S30.
3r33 3230133 45 sec. 15 33c.
Juzp :3 chLs 1 min. ?0 see.
”an 3_3‘1. 3“ 333;» ST 333.

 

 

Toe T3“ch 1 min. 30 sec. 30 "cc.
Jertlc31 J33p to 1 313t 1 min. PG sec.
35333-33 1 min. 30 sec. 30 33c.
Chest L_33 3313133 (on stamac h) 1 min. 30 sec. 30 sec.
Situltanecua L33 Emisir: 3(03 3133.) 1 min. 30 sec. 30 333.
3 3-33 (on 3.33) 1 min. 30 sec. 3. 333.
Chnprfin: 303‘ 1 min. 20 sec.
Arm P311 30 sec. 10 sac.
J33? 3" J3c”s 1 min. P0 33c.
.33 ? 333. 9“ $33

15 min. 5 min.

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