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Leveling

A Thesis Submitted to
The Faculty of
MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE
of
‘AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED SCIEI

By

\B «J

‘r’

g -
F: Ff) Len Atte.

Candidates for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science

Gun. 1954

THESI!‘

th f)4\

rod will aid in semi-precise leveling wor
particularly investigated were for Speed,
economy.

The authors wish to express their ag

Prof. Cade for his invaluable assistance.

941755

The Instrummt
Semi-Precise Leveling

The Rod

The Rod Bubble

Level Circuit

Discussion

Sample Page of Field Notes

Computation and Adjustment of B.M.

two entirely different rods between eack
circuit. After the circuit is completed
peated only in the reverse directions.
considerable time and the addition of an
the leveling party.

With this in mind the rod as descri
was designed and constructed. The obJec
nate the extra member of the party, thus
single rodded line, that would have the

and advantages of a double rodded line.

side of the instrument so that the observ
adjustment of the level by merely shiftin
the eyepiece to the mirror. A micrometer
W0 provides the necessary adjustment for
sight horizontal.

There are four adjustments for the m

1. To make the horiznntal cross-hair
when the instrument is leveled.

2. To make the line of sight coincid
collars or parallel to it.

3. To make the line of sight and the
to each other.

4. To make the axis of the level tub
the vertical axis of the instrument.

They are thoroughly described in "Su

and Homer, Volume I, page 94.

 

 

 

777.? //75//7//77€/7/

to taxe readings, turning pelnt used 1nSte
rocks, etc., and readings are read to hund
to thousands. The levels are all taken wi
datum plane.

The datum plane, sea level, is taken
of the water as found by averaging the res
3 Period of years, of automatic tide gauge
States Coast and Geodetic Survey, which ha
Precise leveling in the United States has
elevations of the Atlantic and.Pacific Oce
Oflexico as the same in order to avoid th
would result from using a different base f
0f the country.

The elevation and description of the
out by the U.S. C, and G.S. can be obtaine

lished reports put out by that department.

to enable the placing or graduations on 00
same time keeping the weight a minimum. T
is equipped with a brass shoe made of l" x
to flush is brazed a small square brass kn
finished square across the end to cake it
a round tepped turning point . This was do
need as a turning point soon becomes round
Posted driving into the ground with hammer
top is finished with a brass plate 1/16" t
fit, and Inld in place with 4-2?" escutcheo.
height of about 4' is a small brass plate
into which is screwed a small brass nachin
screw is slipped the rod bubble when the r

Both sides of the rod are graduated.
”1511311 8.Ystem and the other side in the an
Graduations are flexible cloth tapes glued
rod is comparatively ligat, weighing 3115”
the bubble attached.

__----_ .. --- -cwwciswm and the. holes
wood to give a finished surface.

The brass shoe was bent to fit the
a brass knob was finished and brazed to‘
shoe as shown in the accompanying drawin;
tuned to the bottom of the rod with 4-1.
wood.screws.

With the use of a steel tape, the r‘
foot intervals on the english.side and e
the metric side. Zero was taken at the t
knob and the markings were made with a k:
tapes were then glued to the rod with cas
the markings on the tapes corresponding t
on the rod. The bottom ends of the tapes
between the bottom of the rod and the she
cured by the rod fect plates. The top en
the top of the rod and secured by the rod
the drawing. Numbers indicating the mete
every decimeter along the rod on the metr
painted by hand in red. At'3.9' a sectia

was cut out of the side of the rod and a

a #6 round head,brass

‘1l

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The turning point used with the rod i
a square head. The other endwas forged t

it easier driving and more stable.

 

 

 

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It is made of brass angle with wooden
covered with brass plates to protect the bu
companying drawings are complete and show t
the rod bubble as made. The brass and wood
an! finished by hand. The bubble vials wer
Prof. Cade md set in the wooden recesses v-
filler. The brass plates protecting the be
tened to the wood with 3/8" brass escutcheo
brackets holding the bubbles were secured t
91181-0 With 2-#6 round head, brass machine 2
lowance for adjustment of the bubbles was D
one of the screws through an elongated slot
drilled hole. The vertical angle was tappf
screws with a #6 A.S.M.E. tap.

The bubble tubes were adjusted on the
1’16 mnner:- a plumb line about 15 feet 101
from the ceiling and the rod held against t
or the party while the other adjusted. the t

center of the tube with a screw driver. Ti

Jufitment sufficiently close to enable the 1

the rod plumb.

 

 

 

 

 

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3L9, BLlO' BLll, and then to South Base
Base #2 the circuit returned to the her
to bench-mark #6.

The location of the bench-marketer
map and.es described below.

B.M.f6:- A concrete monument<iirec
new Library and ILE. of the Memorial To
Oak tree N 80 degrees W, distance 28.l'
grees E, distance 28.7'. Elevation - 8

B.M."DH":- A square cut in the con

 

the NAT. corner of the E wing of the fr
onstration Hall. Elevation - 839.9111'

_§.M."BL1":- A concrete monument on
Base Line on the north side of the road
Berna, % mile east of Harrison road. R!
deErees E concrete gate post, S side of
east of horse run, distance - 61.5'; 5.!

north side of'road. Elevation 849.8873‘

BM."BL11";- A concrete monument on

 

Line on the nerth.side of the road past

B.M."SB": A concrete monument 01
Farm Lane 897' south of read past cat'
N 15 degrees V.’ to 2" diameter tree wi1
side, distance 26.4': W to fence, dis1
grees W to 1' Maple tree on west side
32.5'. Elevation - 858.0258'

B.M."DB": «- A square out on the E

 

ment at the main entrance on S. side 0
References: 3.5' S. of Dairy Building

line of Dairy Building. Elevation - 8

 

 

 

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EAST LANSHNG =9 MHCIHIIGAN

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01F AGRICULTURE AND AIMPLIIEIID SCIENCE

T. GLENN Pull-UPS
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we had a great deal of difficulty in fi;
in Lansing which carried brass stock, a
The nearest place we could get the mate:
A. Strelinger's in Detroit.

The bubbles were practically compl:
the rods was begun. The wood for the rc
the stock the U.S.C. and G.S. had on han
of some of their rods. The tapes for t1
chased through Prof. Cade's office from
Tape Co. The brazing for the rod shoe w
Sangster of the Mechanical Engineering d

After completing the rods, we atterr.
their coefficient of expansion. The M.S
kind in loaning us the use of the Cold R
of the Dairy Building. The temperature :
at about 0 degrees F. We also had the m
tunnels to make our heat readings. In m-
we used an invar steel tape, spring bale:
ders, and micrometer Calipers. Two sepal

sets of readings were taken in both the <

is very improbable as the two rods are
struction except one has a white paint
a clear varnish finish. If time was a
gate this more thoroughly, it would be
out whether or not the rods do have di:
of expansion or whether they have the a
they theoretically should.

After having made the rods we werq
ing how they would work in actual prac1
selected a level circuit, as previousl:
would be of sufficient length and conte
marks to form a test. We also took thi
determine the elevations of the monumez
laid out and neasured by Stachel, Wheel
their thesis and included them in our c

In running this circuit of levels
Precise wye level described earlier in
anced backsights and forsights were ta}-
not to exceed 250', if possible. These
sights and forsi ghts were obtained by p

After completing the cincuit, the
be reduced and adjusted t 0 determine t
bench-marks in the circuit. The accom
leveling is the one adopted and used 1
the circuit. We adjusted on the theor;
the levels in directly proportional to
to the square root of the distance as a
claim.

We were very well pleased with th
and with the results obtained by using
the rodman's vieWpoint, the rod is ligl
handle and although the bubble was qui‘
so than necessary, a little practice a:
easily hold the rod plumb and the bubbl

The rod fulfilled our prediction t
the results of a double rodded line. '3
no two lines checked exactly when the u
to english and the discrepancies were I
1.6. the english at times gave a greate

vation than the metric and vice versa.

.. il Ililtia j A- x l

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