' I
Q-
' I
I
II n I
I ' I
. . I I I
' . I I l
' V
I
O I ‘ '
I I ' . . .
. I
§ ' '
t I I.
r , '
I
I .
I ' ' 'I a
I ..
I . .I .‘ ‘ I . I
I I I . .
. .. .I ‘I
. I -
. I .
I . . ' _ I
v I I V I
~ I I . I'. I
- '. I.
I . '
- . ‘ to.
. . I 4. . , I .
I -~ ‘ . "‘I
. v I I .I
I .
. I I. . . '
' I' II . I ‘ .
1 II ' .
I . , .
I \ ‘ I v ‘ 4 , | I
I ' " ‘-‘ '. ' .
-. I . ..
- .. I
t O I I . n O
_- I , .
. I ' .. Iv ' ¢ ' I
o I 9‘- I
. I , - I . .
' . I I
. .
'. ' I . ‘.‘
I ' 'l .
I . 0
‘I . . l
I. I‘ I I u I I
O I I
I I I .I‘
I .
' .. . Iv .
y ‘ ., ' I . I’
“ . . I I
\
’ I ’I I I
o . .I' I I ' .
I
. - . .
. I r .
. .l I
I ~ I I
. I .
., I o . I. . II .
. I
a .
|
l l r I ' ‘
' \
\
I.“ ‘I
o ' I
.l
I
. .
I. (I - I ‘
.. - I . _ I
I . _ , ' I I . , . ‘ .Q' , .
I' I ' . I '.4 ‘ _ ‘ I I II'
I . . . ‘ .I
I
. " I . .
.. _ . . . . I . . ~ .
I Y _ . I; .
I . I . ‘ . _ . 1 .
. ‘ . ‘ . A \:- - . -
A I - ' . - . . '..
v I I. I O I v . III' V I ‘
. II . I A - . . . .
I II A .I . . I .
. . . I
. I. 'I.
. I .
. . I
' _ I I
.0
l . I .
.v ' ' _ . , ,I .
. _ X I ’ . I' I - ' - -. ‘ \' . , ’ -°
' I - ‘ . ‘. II ' . ‘ . . ‘ .- _ ' .
- ' ... at. ‘ .-_ .. -‘ - ~. ..., .
II ' . . .’ n 1 . - ‘_ -- .‘- , . .
' .. ~ - - I ' y I . . -
’ , ~r I I ' 'I ' a a - «8 v . . u‘
' I . . ' ' . I ‘ . ' . '
I ‘ ' . \ ‘ ' I _ . ‘. . ; - _
. t . _ . I ,‘ IIv ’ ‘v ..6" ' _ ‘7 ‘ I ‘ ~ ~ I J " . _ - y.
. I - . , .I I.I—. ‘ .. ' I' . '- ~~‘-
. ‘ I..- . . \. . . I .
_ . . . , . I . I-,~ . '. . _ .
.I . ‘ . : - -I n .. .
cII ‘ - I _
I ‘ . . . I .x ' I - I I _I A 'n'
. ' v _- fi‘ .
. I ' I ‘ ~ - I - -' J. . - I .
. . I .I ‘ _ - '.
. I I . . . -
I I . .. o I
.I ' ‘ —
I ' ~ - '_I .‘ 'I
I ‘ I- I ’
I I II o ' ' . . - ' fi. \
‘ ' ' - Is - ‘
. _ I I . - .
c . _ - .
9 . I _ _ —.
' I ' I _ ' I -- .
I I . I I ' _ a . -- '- ,
" . I - - .- . _ . I- ~I . '.' . . .
. \ I .I. - .‘ -.4 ' _ _‘ .
I . . . I v . ~ : 'l , ‘. -
I , ' I '. o
. . - f -I I - ~ I I - I
' I I ‘I .. .' ‘ fi‘.
’ I n . . I
I . _ “I ‘ o . '. I .
I - . -I - ~- ,I ._ .
. I \Io . I . . .'.. ~
I \ -I ' . ' . . .
' I | I - 1 ’. ‘ C
" Y . .
I. I ' ' o
I .
. I ’ - v ‘ ‘ _
' ‘ ‘ I — . - u- _ I I
. ' ‘ ‘ _ - . .
‘ . - ‘ I .
v . v '
I ' I - I . ' 'I ‘ I ‘I
I I o ‘ . _' - s ' .
- ‘ _. . - ._ - ~I
. . . . ~ I - .
» ‘ I _ . . . ,
c ' I . . . ’.
\ ’ . I . . . I.._ ..
I "I _ . . ‘ - I . _ . . _
' II‘,I I . . -I I . v
- . ‘ ~ - - :' ‘ °
I - - .‘ I . - -' - . -'
. . . I . . I ‘. .
’ I ‘ I I ' . '-.‘
. .' . . _~ . — b
I I - . : ‘ - . .n
I . ' I . I II '
I ' I . I .‘ ‘ I ~ ‘ ‘.
- I II I ‘ I- . ‘ .
. , I , . . I -
. ' ' I -‘. .I .
I I 'I‘ ‘ - _ .‘
I . I I . . . » . . - I
. o ‘ . . ‘ . ' -‘- . . -
I I K . ' . I ' ‘ - -
. . . _, ‘- I I . I . . up ‘.I ‘ ‘ ' ~
. . . , \I . .. . . r I _ - .
' . ,' - ~ ; . ; . z I - ‘ - .
. x . . - \ .~ . -
I I " I u I I‘ . I ‘ ‘ I - . - - -
I _ . . 'Z I . .‘ ‘._ . : . .' _ _ . I I . I-‘ _— _.
' . _ . . _ _ . - V I . . - . . .
. . I , . . . .
_ . I . . I . . _
.I . . ~ . ..~ . ,I . - ~ ..- _ _ . _ -
I - I -I ‘ I . ‘I. II I - ' 1 '~ I I c I I J ‘ l- - ‘ - ‘ ' .
I . I ' I I . . .' . _I 1 . ..‘_ -
' I . ' I ". .' II " _~ « I I .' 2-
. . ‘ '. .. . -’ ' . I - . '
.. . . _ , . I _ - .
‘ I I o I I - . _ I _' - .
, _ ~ _ I‘ \ - . ~ -.. . I, o _ . '. ‘. -
I . - I ‘ ' ' o . . . . - - - _
u ' . ‘ _ . ’. _
. . . . ; . . I ‘ {.4 ‘ . ' - . - ' ~- _ . " .
. - : _ II - . . ~ _ . . ' . I . . - . _ . - _ h ‘
‘ I . ‘ . . I I - I -
, ’ ~ ‘ . . ' . . . \ ' ‘ ‘ ~ II‘
. ‘ . l . - I .I . . . .‘ , ~ ' . . ..' . _._ ..
- ‘ A ' ' . ‘ - ' -\ ' . ‘ -. .
I I . c k ‘ _ - ~ _' . ._ _ 0
. ' I ‘ . ‘ - ' I . -.
. - \ . .
A I. . - . ' I _ O .— -
. ' . . . ; ~ 0 . - .
: - I ' .; _ - .' \_ ,
. ' ' I I I — _ ' - . ‘
. I I ~. . _ _ - . _
. . - " . ' .. - ’ ~‘ ; . - ’ ' ‘
I , _ I
I1 _ . ‘ l .
I . . . I . . ‘ - ', .: . ~
.I I- . I -I . o I o '
I - . I . n w - ‘ ~
- . ‘ . ‘ .‘ 0 . . C .
I . \ ' .' ' I '.I _ .' . ' -
. . ’. ' ; . .'.' ' . ' . . x ‘
~ I II . I ' ‘a - _ ' ‘ .' 4 _ _ -_
I ' — I‘ ‘ ‘ I I ' ‘ . I _
‘- ' I‘ ‘ I v‘ I . I _
~ ' I ' - . . ' _ . ‘ - . ‘
I . - ' _~ _ ‘ . - , >_ _
I -o . ' ‘ ~ ‘ ‘. - ~ ' ,-
. . . . I - .' . . _ . .
h I ' I .-
. ' ' I. . x - - . —. - . » ‘ .
' ~ - ' ' ‘ . I - I
- ‘ ‘- . . \ I -
' I _ _ . < I. ‘ ' ‘ . I
a. ' ' . . .
. I ~
0 I ' n' . _
I . I h — . I .'_ - I I’ ‘ ‘ - _ I - ’
|‘ I " - _
. .
' . : ' ~ ‘ . - ‘ . ‘ -
. - . . - . . . _ .— _ -
_ I . . _ _ .' . I . . _
I . . _ f .
I V .I o . ' ' -I . - -'
I - . ' ‘ — ‘ _ - I .
I 4 . . ~ ,‘ u
‘ _ . < . '.
I . I ‘ . - ‘ I . -
I o o ’ - '
. - . . . I
.I I- ‘ . ;
.‘ I I u . - .
I I ‘
. '. -. _ ‘
. I - I . _ .
- . - — ~ -
O . . I * . ' _ I
1 4 I n- — A I .
I . .
o ‘ - I . , -
t I -
I 0 . L

 

 

 

THESIS ‘ '

This is to certify that the

thesis entitled .

 

presented by .

W6 “W

has been accepted towards fulfillment

of the requirements for

  
    
     

W— degree i

 

. woe/M .

Major profeéér ,' ‘

1

‘ o ' . ~ . - I l » ‘ f , 1‘ v 'I M .'
~“~‘|_‘._ ‘.. ' A! ‘ _ I. ‘ 0- , ', , .

. ‘. .q- , “a Id 'f"d‘rh'JW‘J'L‘H‘V" Y¢J,I,Aw )\>‘.'\ D ‘5’“. u ,
. . ' . ' I‘ . . ‘: . x‘ . ' .' '

l

. | ‘
l v". ..*

fiEEECTS OF THE NOSAIC DISEASE 03 THE

PHYSIOLOGY OF TOBACCO PLAETS

by

George Constantine Vayonis

Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Michigrn
State College of Agriculture and Applied Science
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

MASTzn OF SCIENCE

Department of Botany and Plant Pathology

1950

Acknowledgement
It is a pleasure to express my appreciation to Dr. F. Lyle Vynd
for his continuous encouragement, stimulating suggestions and valuable

advice throughout the course of his investigation.

244599

I. « .
. J
-nb—dn.‘ .- Vh‘---~~Ifi

m ‘ v-cp -— ‘H flfi‘bmf—«qovrqr‘
I -.
U

T v-vmnfirr‘nmrr‘."
.‘.. --, -...U..J-u- ‘u.‘...oooosooooeo-oeoooooooooo~000900.00

fi.~—*-Qu----~‘I ‘
II. .4.._'-..L.L..._.‘_J..Looeooooo00.00.000.00.oeooooooooooao.
-«1a~rl:u_
J‘.‘—‘- b?"0.0000000000000000...oooooooooOQ-o-oo

13 T‘*‘(‘".\jw10"p""1 v-nl- "I‘"-"1
.J."‘__!ta.14.u-a. -' A—looooICOQOOOIOOOOOOOOOO

n ‘. L-“nfl ‘ rs? '
t 5.\ '7 _ Y .j“
.n.--e U’sJ 'b' .1 .Le‘ V L». . g o

— ,9. L. “‘3-

- 1-"- M 3‘ ~.-.‘~ fil .3‘A' :‘
C. -J-..m'e;$.-..t-_..‘l’ r«-v-n—U».OIOOOIOOOOOIOOOIIIOOOOI
'l T'flh'n-ofiH-‘v “"01". 4‘-~AY\J-o
__,_. .5-.. - '._'-_LC C‘u-..-U__vk..l.‘-_'.ua-ono0.000.090.0000

ML. L
9. d-OJP]. r‘C»&000009000000000000.09.000

lb. 813.103'00000Donne-e000.-‘00....oa00

( ‘_}

c. Infiivlu“"l c0"uc:

"\ -=. _-- . J.’ r. 1‘ WM
\_‘_1 .i‘i": H.L“¢.ul’.).‘1 O; ?"...J-1100 o o o o a o

-: org-“n
_/ ULJL-lL-I.iu.......g..............
/
('l It“?
V -4;.00....00000000000000000

fl ‘2.“ .. rm!) 3‘ n a‘
i a.. .-l ( un‘CI-L'.

\
0': 13“” (W s ;- \Q“~ .9 on a 4L“. nn-C‘
"I J\ "' -~ -‘-“LV+' c---‘OoeooOOo
'5‘ ”:23 n1 1‘ ‘ ,H H“ -\ 1-<g-q
‘ I ‘I‘J._ J. u‘o-v ‘A-‘-/- w“‘.......
,‘A ’0‘fi‘.‘ "tn"! ‘- '. ‘I 'V‘x‘nf (‘1‘- . «1-: a
\ L] l -'-.I‘ 1 .._._k/ 1".tJ¥ " Cl 1 . . .

\ ° a .- - ‘ . V . A
(C) “a .‘_‘..1._U "'_.;5.}?- --~" v'. C‘.:t(,.‘€_‘ .

O\U\

O\ O\

..‘J

(O

\

‘

“Q (J\

C0

(.1)

|- J.

f—o
.

.7 N '. . . l . .. .
-_ ~.:_. - '_ Us --'J J'.—“~ \Q -~' V'-‘ C'— 9..

on . 1 fl 7 u
-"_ . "fi ‘-‘fi -‘_ - - P4\' ~f~~a~~fi
K ‘5 . -.. n;- ....'_.'.*..'.~._,'J..\_).....

r‘ T" ~- ...: w 1‘ '. —’
, .. . - \-'\--~
(.._ AJA‘.S§JL.~\ *CL‘. OJ. 7.)--CIS‘ .~,\)- -LC
1 “I . . - . ' 4-. L
«aaar—xc r* “Aware-‘1‘ 4- fifir' “ 1"“4'
L. ~19L 1-: -u-. K) l--i...JI _-_x.. C's.-\ de 41'.L..u

(.1

A CI“; .1: Y‘ L:"-~tv‘fll-
LL. ..7"--.-C C‘D-3¢uLu.t' -; .

A-vu,‘. ”a; rj

-"~~¢“V .OOOOOOOOOIOIOOOOOOOOO

.
v
u

flr.‘
a. V.rao
‘3 4 1-».
‘0o”'Julooaoooeoooooooo.nooooooooosoooo

n ...+n1 »«:+-vv«sa
V _J‘J.-\’......................

I a l
f: jgfsfofifinn§anw c- h1\‘~fi--‘ 1 Cf.mn“‘:"“nfi+
\-. 44....14 JAJn-a ' ‘1 -(l J- . V...v \.--"a_.
vacmwy-DWO-fi
.- .- ..|
Ao~.u-~-.Ls---v‘- e-Oooooooooeooooooooooocoo...00000-000

A. P'sll“';O-fieoooooooo0.000.coo-90000000900000.0000.

1'5 "‘ ' -'- - l- - ' - ‘ L .2
.. .'r~-.fiwo M \~.~ n *a -. m m o q, "n .-\ 1 n
.sJ. -:—J-..V"\.. 10“: _‘..,‘~ 1 ”Al, QL-OL_~ ; . L. 4-1-. UL: .L( 1.9. n o u o o O o O O 0
I" t“‘—;--,Cn~-;ra ‘1‘“‘Lfi-l rsf-yp 111 L r-
V. «4.‘. ‘taAKu-ZI.--~.'--_V-OOOOooeoeoloooooIto-Coul-
1 Tflf‘ Q’-r\~~ . {4‘ Pfi“fl" 2 4'" fi‘fiL‘I-e
u... t- ' i. .K, 44'..-» vfidts'L.J~...........ooooono

n INLRW flf‘

’.-4U_J.' vooooucocoon-IOOIOOOOOIOOOO
1‘ degnfl

.4. "4;..-v‘on.ovnoooooo-ooooooooo-ooenoo
_. c-7s:mw

Do V‘-—(‘—-'-‘-'OOOO0090.00.00.00.0000-00000

d H- “flan.-.
.. or ..'. t;.“-...0...‘.............O0.0.

“.1 °
C ._‘,""‘r~mg~1-~"~
004'.)."-L‘.00...OOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOIII.

4.:- Snttvw,
é. ~—'~-L~~—‘0000000000000ococo-oooooooooo

rd T”,)V‘\

L... L—-a-..ooooooooooooo-Iooeeoooooooloo
‘1 Ir'fiwr'nfi‘n 'fio'fi

a-. .L-i’i—s--~~Ooooeoocoooouo.aooooeoo-oo
. A L.

‘2 4~f (-1- ~mw‘fr ‘ ‘thbwp-~_~

.L..L -- -nt. .n..~\ ~-’—~--JOQOOOOOOOOOOOOO

*4
\Q

C'-

b

(’l

P)

.0.
‘.'_,
1.4....

O
i

-_-.v --...

(P) *"ar~re= w“vs or"g

A. ~ r -1 -w .. ~. 4. L
-_ In». ‘ t . \ . . -s‘
(j) u'.r-'l_C ”LUC- when: CCV':FE‘.....

r'\ '1 - ‘ fl ‘ ‘ 4- "
._ . .“ .-~ '1 ' ”'1" ~ tr, ;- «4‘ ,fi five
0’) .I.\ I ' ‘_..-‘~. ~‘;AL by eFUL-K)...
z‘ h‘nfl"h~:h1fi m: "‘“fimv‘ ““'1rs ’1‘fi
p] .b/lkzbu.)t .1.‘-- V- .KAJ‘ ,‘._U ker .L.Lt
o 7". o a o _ o .L'L
'1 . x a. V u-Qs -» -‘ qfi‘ “|r~fi'\A .‘tx‘s . ~.“.‘
d . ‘J .LSLLS I. $0-- .1. .L.4..’..,'-L L." v..lc c‘-‘--4.: v bl-e'~r¢:
o Pram-.- -~ -« --+
‘4. \J a“: -C CO :-._.")--C-LUSOooonoooo0.0.0.000...
r 1Nn.‘7'..flfil‘ .r‘
9.. C1......“(uv—Lttic-1000.00.00.0.0.0.0000.
‘1) ELF
t. ‘- U-J.oocon..OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC

our.
Argus-er.
‘k'._. —-ooooooooooooooococo-coo...

ti
Ho
2‘
\’ J.
6i
l
.Jo
C)
;-
C)
' b
O
“I
‘ \
O
J
} n
O
0
$-
.3
J
3
(T)
i 3
C

fl
U00

IV ”H-“ Q* DTF‘fl"r‘flT(\\T
. U‘H-.-...'.a‘..u -Q‘JL«~C-\4--ooooococooooooooooooooooooeo

v C'*"",':‘V A. v: CA“CT YYQ?"|“.‘Q
3‘. L)-....-.... s- .. :JL‘v_-u‘ooo-ooooococoon-soon...

T7- TTHfl‘r'.“-'~ fl'l'f'l'fl"
“l0 4Jd---~-r‘—~“---' V-L‘“40.0000000000eooo00000000000000

T m\%v'f4r~

‘I. LJLJJ-J-;JJ..I......O...O.0......O...OIOOOOOOOOOOI.
_nw~-_3-v-vr-.Tr"‘ . _$"'-T~.rrfi'r,fi5'r """r'1'?"“:~

II. I11); ——-‘.~ .e-a-“SO ‘L-iL-n'¢ L‘LV‘Xa-J -‘~—----'~ BU. o o a o o o. o o o o o o o

'," —-_'~- UN“. .'.<. J‘ L- LA” h~.‘s r1. fl‘fl‘~.i-‘I"H+fi
1. re Prwle tic oi total a x -r c ' ma

--\' -- «A tJ'v...

J.“
-

O
CZ‘C‘ “.CG 1.".

n . i . .: _... :- - 1 - ' 1-1. .7 0 .9
g. D: t-er"L .irtlen cl silica cu ens u:.

C‘ V'":V". " L/H‘ v“: ‘fi+.r '5. .1 :'~v
3. 00-...L-1J.C1"3 L'.€’bk‘f.i-:-’.~le)n O.— C:.L.C_A.-'a1..........

~ ahgflv ‘ 1. v-0 L'- .9 .- ..,. .0 ..

_ »_ | W 1‘. N. ‘ a. N 'O 1““ *1 \fi v_n.-.. 5-». .‘.1

.W'. U '-A__a-..LLIAKJ L.“ U l...“ a; 'L".\Js- Od— n-A‘ ,‘--Lrv ulob-nsa........

' ("a . . ‘— 1-. A ‘-

.. _ -‘1I‘~ ‘51 v- A .v- \A" - n‘! ‘1. -~p a

J. \¢tJ.‘-o-L.Lr O UJ- l- 1 4V‘UA‘1 C— 'JUZ 'CLvr-soooocOOO
U I

4 Tl": :-(\)9-1 3 ‘flf‘. + -. OH 0-9 ~ “OH

x...“ .s..... v.1. - - +6 -aoooloonloooooooooooooOI

w L - n .
'7 H. q 17*" «a p-v van-n «fawnn
. ~‘CU'1;1..--ttuiO”1 J-» ~ “‘5' A-‘un‘eOooO000000000’00'0

(‘A
Q

\2)

H

-’)

J

*1-
I

't

\O

b)

'3
( 1\

A

\

—.“q -~ n R
r" , \ ." 1‘5 ‘ S‘fi 1"
us.--‘ -.UI‘L~. J. ~' 0U“
m 1
'H a Q Q
m, 1 ,.
, a c. . -;‘ .._.r"

I; J. - °
C ’ ”9~“~AfiL-:A‘§ ,-
../ A;

ULA -.4.-."~ 31.....-

EEEECTS OF THE MOSAIC IISEASB ON

'3

.1174“
.1“

PHYSIOLOGY or TOBACCO amnsl

I. INTRODUCTION
There is considerable evidence showing that virus diseases of
plants induce profound physiol icalc “1 turn nceo. The visual symptoms
appear as irregular light green areas on the leaf blade, and they be-
come manifest wit} tin about three weeks after the plant has been in-
culated. The time of their appearance somewhat depends on the

physiological state of the host plant. These symptoms appear first
in the growing tip, and later appear spread on all of the actively
metabolizing leaves of the plant.

Long before the anpearar ce of the visible svmptoms, phvsiological

disturb? wnce associated IMiti the disease are in progress. For example,

Wildnan_ Cheo and Bonner (19L9) report their detection of virus protein

 

in the leaves by electrOphoretic methods three drysa af er inoculation.
This observation is in essential agreemen with the results reported

by n‘fvnd (19h3). This author showed an increase in the respiratory

 

1 The expenses of this study were borne jointly by the Agricultural
Experimental Station, Micliiga n State College, Project 39, and by a
grant-in—aid provided by the American Cancer Society, Committee on

Gr 0‘0, t 1.1 .

rate of the plant on the fourth day after inoculation and suggested
that this phenomenon.was accompanied by the dissemination of the
virus particles throughout the plant.

The nature and character of various types of disturbances in-
duced by he mosaic disease have been the subject of numerous publica-
tions and review articles. figgden (l9h3) and gypd (19b3) reviewed
the subject thoroughly, and based their general concepts of the problem
on the published literature to the date of their publications. gang
(19h3) in his review on the metabolic phenomena associated with the
virus infection empi sized that the permeability of cytOplasmic
membranes, involving the di’ferential absorption of the mineral
constituents as well as the translocation of the products of photo-
synthesis, is altered by the virus disease since many conflicting
data could be explained by means of this physiological mechanism.

The present study was undertaken as a phase of the investiga-
tion of the general problem of the physiological nature of the virus
diseases in plants now in progress in this laborato y. The study
specifically was concerned :ith the further investigation of the con-

its

0

clusion of and (1943) that "The permeability'9§_cvtonlasn

ggnbranes i§_greatly altered in respect pg soluble subs ances. This

 

account§_for the accumulation gg'garbohydrates i. the leaves, and

the accunulation Q£_nutricnt ions ipgthe roots at the expense Q§_tou§."

 

The study was based on the detailed analvsis b tobacco plants grown

9

[[l‘lllllllllll

 

3.

under field conditions and also 08 plants grown in nutrient solu-

tions under controlled. emerimental conditions in the greenhouse.

II. $291? If-TKTT 1
a. Purpose

q

{0st of the literature on the disturbances accompanying mosaic

0-.

diseases has been based on material grown under field conditions.
Experiment 1, therefore, represents a determination of the chemical
composition of norna and mosaic diseased tobacco plants grown in

the field, and a detailed comparison of the data with those previously
described by other workers. Special emphasis was placed on the
application of the data to the hypothesis of EZEQDthat the disease
induces an altered permeability of the protoplasmic membranes and

the conseouent chances in absorption and translocation.

E, Experimental material
1. The soil

The healthy and mosaic infected tobacco plants were grown on a
Fox sandy loam, located in Essex County, Ontario, Canada. They were
supplied through the courtesy of M. F. Murwin, superintendent,
Experimental Station, Harrow, Ontario, Canada. Fbx sandy loam is
described by -.ichards, Calm-rell an. rem-rick (1949) as a brown silt
loam underlain by a dark brown loam which may verge into a clay load.
The Fox soil series exhibits the characteristics of the grayhbrown
podesolic soils. The topography of this soil type typically is undur
lating to rolling, and the profile possesses good natural drainage.
The soil reaction is moderately acid, varying from pH 6.0 in the

upper layer or A horizon to 6.6 in the B horizon. The crops

 

.‘ ll 1 I {. III I III I‘I' 1 lg

5.

generally grown on this soil type are comprised of a few orchards
and such cash crops as corn, tobacco and canning vegetables. The
main fertility deficiencies consist of organic matter and phosphate,
and to a minor degree of potash.

The cultural and fertilizer practice on the field producing the
tobacco plants examined in the present study during the previous five-
year period may be summarized as follows:

b Alfalfa; sod manured and ploughed during the following

E

spring, and then planted to tobacco.

;2£§ Burley tobacco: fertilized with.a.h-8-10 mixture at the
rate of 1000 pounds per acre.

l2§2_ Corn.

l2§§_ Oats: seeded with clover.

i232, Burley tobacco: with a heavy application of barnyard

manure. Additional nitrogen fertilizer was added at the
time the ground was prepared for tobacco and the h—BLlO
fertilizer was applied in two applications, half at the
time of transplanting the tobacco and half added later

as a side-dressing.

2. The tobacco leaves
Eicotiana tebacun, var. burley was grown under commercial con-
ditions. Leaves of the secondary growth exhibiting tobacco mosaic
symptoms and also those of healthy plants were collected during the

first week of October, 19Q9, and were dried in the greenhouse. The

 

dry leaves were ground in a micro Wiley mill to pass a 60—mesh
screen and the powdered material was then stored in -ir-tight con—

tainers until the chemical analyses were carried out.

9, Paperimentalpresu ts
1. Inorganic constituents
a. Total ash

The percentage of total ash was determined as carbonates by
dry ashing 1 gram of the sample in a platinum crucible at a tempera-
ture of 6500 C. (See appendix 1.)

The percentages of total ash are presented in table 1. The
asn content of healthy tobacco leaves is seen to be greater than that
of the vi us infected leaves. The normal leaves contained 23.60 per-
cent while the diseased leaves contained only 16.86 percent. When
this difference in the ash content is calculated as a percentage of
the ash content of healthy leaves it is seen that the virus disease
lessened the percentage of ash 28.55 percent.

It was suggested in the introduction that the mosaic disease
had an effect on the permeability of cells and the translocation of
soluble nutrients within the host plant. If this be true, it would
be expected that the percentages of ash in the leaves would be
changed by the disease. The above data obtained in the present
experiment are consistent with this hypothesis. The above finding
is supported by the previous work by True, Black and zglgz (1918).

These authors, worhing with normal and blighted spinach leaves,

7.

observed that the total ash of healthy leaves was 21. 41 percent of

the dry matter, while in virus infected plants, the percentage was
only 16.68. This represents a decrease of 22.08 percent with respect
to the value for normal plants. _31__z_(192b) also reported a lower
percentage of ash in the leaves of mosaic infected tobacco plants.
Freiberg's report (1917) on the composition 01 mosaic infected tobacco
plants is too inconrlete to furnish data concerning the percentage of

total ash.

b. Silica
The silica content of the leaves was determined by the difference
in the weight of the total ash before and after treatment with hydro-
fluoric acid. The one-gram samples used for the total ash determina-

tion were treated as described by Piper (1950). (See appendix 2.)

 

The percentages of silica in healthy and infected leaves are
presented in table 1. Mosaic infected leaves contained conspicuous 1y
less silica than did the normal leaves. The norne 1 leaves contained
b.9h percent and the diseased leaves contained only 1.00 percent.
inese data represent a diminution of 79.75 percent when the value for
the normal plants is taken as 100. T1118 tremencous decrease in the
concentration of silica contradicts the previous reports byT 1r:
Blac k and Kellv (19118) and Ivenrar (1928). These authors, working
with blighted spinach and spike: sandal, respectively, reported an
increase in the silica concentration in the leaves. True, Black and

el_lz observed a 1.87 percent increase of the silica in infected

f
k
.

sninech calculated on the basis of the dry matter.

The silica contents of the leaves are expressed in table 2 as
percentages of the total ash contents. The value was 37.53 percent
in the normal leaves and only 12.70 percent in the diseased leaves.
This decrease in the percentage of silica in the total ash indicates
that silica accuiulation in the diseased plants was inhibited to a

greater degree than was the total ash.

0. Individual components
(1) Preparation of sample
A 0.5 gram sample of the powdered dry material was wet ashed
with nitric and sulphuric acid and the residue treated with 10 milli-
liters of 1:0 nitric acid and then diluted to 100 milliliters with
distilled water. Appropriate aliquots were taken for the determina-

tion of the different ions.

(2) Calcium

Calcium was determined by the annonium hexanitrate cerate method
according to Reiteneier (19b3). An aliquot of 5 milliliters, equiva-
lent to 25 nillig ens of dry plant material, was used which required
about u to 6 milliliters of the 0.01 N cerate reagent. (See anpendix 3.)

The calcium concentrations of the snnnles appear in table 1 and
are expressed as percentages of the dry matter. The percentage of
calcium in the mosaic leaves is smaller than that in the normal leaves.

The normal leaves contained 3.70 percent while the diseased leaves

9.

contained 2.9Lo percent. These values represent? 20 .SL percent de-
crease in the calcium concentration of virus leaves when calculated
on the basis of the concen a tie. in the healthy leaves.

The data in table 2 express the percentages of calcium in the
total ash. It is evid Melt tint the d: ninution of the calcium concentra-
tion in the dise.sed nlant s is of lesser m: gnitute than the deore s
in the total ash, since the percentage of calcium in the ash increased
9,Ll percent, even though the percentage in the dry materiel decreased

0.76 percent. This increase of the ratio of calcium to the total ash

"1)

grass with the data reported by True, ”lock and Kelly (1918) who
noted that calcium, calculated as CaO, increased from 6.L8 percent of
the total ash in healthy plants to 11.88 percent in bli:;jhted spinach.

lven~or (192 8) observed the opnosit e resm flt since his dat
show that the ratio of calcium to the total ash in spiked sandal
decreased.

Freibergl(1917) detected no sisnificant chanses in the calcium
content of mose ic tobacco leaves.

The decrease in the calcium concentration in the dry matter of
tie diseased tobacco slants mav not be as si~nifi cant phvsiolOeically
as the changes in the percentage of calcium in respect to the total

ash. This may produce a far more reaching phrsiological is turbance

than the mere change in its absolute amount would suggest.

(3) Magnesium
hagnesium we ‘etermined in the aliquot after the removal of

calcium as the oxalate. The general nrocedure of R itoncier (19L3)

llllll'llllllll

 

l'.|||l
ll

10.

Q

was followed. The preci“litnte of megs es ium nh s.hete, Kg ffianO”,
. V. ‘r

J.

obtained by this procedure, was diss olvecl in 1 E sulphuric acid.

C)

The phosphate ion in the soluti n was determined colorimetrically by

thennol3bdme12b1ue reaction as described by Ritson and Mellon
(lth). This procedure gave very satisfactory results. An aliqu uot
of 5 milliliters of the calcium-free solution, equivalent to 5 milli-
graris of dried plant mate Mi 1, was used for the determination.

(See aupendix a.)

The percentages of magnesium in the dry plant tissues are pre-
sented in tables 1 and 2. The average percentage of magnesium in the
healthy tissue was 0.71 percent, while only 0.43 percent*was found in
the diseased leaves. been calc dated as a percentage of the value for

normal leaves, it is seen that the magnesium in the diseased leaves

was lessened by 39.L& percent. l.nen the magnesium content is calcu-

[—1

ated as a percentaee of the tot “I ash, ta ble 2 shows that the ash of
normal leaves cont°i d5. 39; Percent, while the value for the diseased
leaves was 5.L8 percent. These data indicate that the percentage of
magnesium in the ash increased 1.67 percent in the virus infected

leaves. his increase indicates that the amount of total ash in the

diseased plants decreased a little more than did the magnesium compon-

In view of the sip “a ificant diff erer ces in the ma gnes sium content
of normal and virus infected tobacco observed in the preser t stud", it

nterestin' to note that Freiberg (1917) reported no effect of the

i 1 h
1..“

8

mosaic disease on the marnes ium content of t e tooacco plant.

Tie jt:“i:t“"" of '” ;; "it: e1d e"71:T:" it t“r eng'.3‘tter
C“? ibis)“:- ‘f‘r “"21” n"";“.? "5"”? ”3.:17‘7"1.'.t"tiv2 "it"v-ns-e-t t: the
“$.30" ' ‘b 7 3 n rfin 3'. ”T“ ‘~, "9 ““t" ‘. I‘ p ‘ ‘I‘ 3 5““ ’7 ."‘.’I‘.'I ":fir-fw‘ “~1‘\ ‘ (““fifi‘fl r- —. 3 .-r
.I_‘_ _.‘L_. L___.;.’ .3- .4-. '.. 1;... -_--- 'sL-.. -.- k. \v-'._ 'e ‘J--( ;W-.~L,'.1‘L' 2".” .
Rt"- c" t‘smv ions. This “fit is 211‘; cbt‘ervr; 141011 the meg-
1ap511w~5 Osqr“ 0'11 3 “I"‘\ 1 V‘ n'1(-~‘r‘ 4. ' __"~n "‘53-. ,w-xsxgan .‘f fi'r‘ 3.1‘». ’.-a+r~ .,-,,.. ,- .f'
.. . .1... (2--.. ,1 1-C _-..... LOUC .....'. u -e- .; «.1 .4 (.- ~..1L‘ 7 t .. . 1, ; (3.. '..‘._1. ui O...
the tetel r~1 21410 the values in this 'nstnree differ eonsiltrrblv.
.uarercent LL:WW*e hf f«::¥7fi:eilt:in:is r1v;fl:zsro While firfi
pf celcn“m iens i" of the orde“ of ?}.L3 percei- cf the tats? ash.
The rsei“recel r:‘rtfsrslig betwe~1 cs c.Un and ”3““"1rn T”’“~ntrd
in V"Ld s 193“) r“"i”' 1" net 9?” grin” I; t7e dot? in t“’l"s l
and C. This *n1’crnit; :3 rr'lens‘: LT tPC ditrlcrt iens sherli 1e
borne in :ind, since it hes P direct be"ri:g on the thesry f virus
in’teef “Lysi'limié”l chrnfcs to be {ircvs"e' i: a lbttr srctior.

I C.) Pctrrsivn

Potfi~~iun Yfis Cetcrnined hf tie prccrdurc described by Pé“ch
(qul) bf T"PCi“15“ti“D vith snl’T“ CC‘“ltinitrite. The frs0131tnue
v'~ are“g'* int sel“tien vit“ srl‘Lvrie coil an; 5‘0 :otrssifim V‘s
detrrnined celc:i:etrioelly with nitrcse—nnselt. An elievet cf 3
~71141~"-,~~_w~ pri "‘70-54' ‘7; '7‘: v~-°.T'ld~~.'bv‘n 0 (71“?96 '7'111‘1 ‘v‘fit-‘vdp1 wre-
.,-.4___. J 1" . ....,- __V. - .1... */ """‘““*(_.“ .__, . \p...‘ . n. _.L I -d .1.’ «.~ L.)

-, {~- 1 -13- - :-. ,.-- .. ..
""7 1 3" t-‘.' (- -3211- .nt...‘.‘.. be", .n '7“
‘

Tables 1 and 2 indicate the percentages of potassium in the dry
matter and in the total ash. The percentage of potassium in the
mosaic infected leaves is decreased. In the normal leaves the per-
centage was 3.63, while in the diseased leaves 3.33 percent was found.
This decrease appears to be small, but when it is calculated on the
basis of the amount in normal tissue being 100, then the decrease is
seen to be 8.3 percent. This effect of virus infection on the potass-
ium content agrees with the general trend described by yzgg_(19u3).

Freiberg (1917) reported that the effect of mosaic disease on
the potassium content of tobacco leaves was small.

The absorption of potassium was less disturbed by the disease
than was that of most of the other major metallic ions. This fact
is in agreement with the general Opinion that potassium is more
readily translocated within the plant body than is calcium or magne-
sium. On the other hand, the absorption of potassium by the diseased
plants was actually less, and this should not be overlooked in view
of the discussion by fiypd and Vovonis (in press) of the occasional

masking of the early symptoms of the Little peach disease by the

symptoms of potassium deficiency.

(5) Sodium
The sodium content of the leaves was determined by the use of
the Perkin-Elmer flame photometer according to the method described

by Toth, Prince, Tellece and Hihkelsen (l9h8). A 0.5 gram was ashed

 

as described above, and the residue dissolved in 100 milliliters of

0.1 N nitric acid.

The percentages of sodium in healthy and mosaic infected leaves
are presented in tables 1 and 2. There is only a small and probably
insignificant increase in the concentrations of sodium in the dis-
eased leaves, but when the sodium is expressed as a percentage of
the total ash, the value is O.b3 percent in the healthy leaves and
0.7U in the infected leaves. These data show that the absorption
of sodium was essentially unaffected by the disease although the
effect on the total ash was very great.

The similarity in the percentages of sodium in the healthy and
mosaic leaves indicates that the virus disease has little or no
effect on the acC‘uulation of this nutrient in tobacco plants. The
increase observed when the percentage of sodium to total ash is con-
sidered indicates that sodium, like potassium, is more mobile and is
more readily translocated within the plan than are most of the other
cations. It is to be noted that potassium and sodium follow the
same trend of increase when they are expressed as percentages of
total ash. This observation conflicts with the data summarized from

the published literature by Wind (19u3).

(6) Iron
Iron was determined by the procedure described by Bumuell and
Willard (1938), by using hydroouinone as a reducing agent and o-
nhenathroline as an indicator. An aliqrot of lO milliliters, equiva-
lent to 50 milligrams of dry plant material, was used. (See appendix

6.)

14.

The iron content of the healthy and infected leaves is given in
tables 1 and 2. Mosaic diseased leaves contained less than half the
amount of iron in tile healthv leaves. The nornal leaves contained
0.106 percent while the diseased leaves contained only 0.051 percent.
This decrease corresponds to 55 percent of the iron in the normal
plants. When the iron content is calculated as percentages of the
total ash, the value of 0. 81 was obtained for no mal plants and 0.65
.was obtained for the diseased plants. These values indicate that the
absorption of iron was lessened by the disease to a significantly
greater de6 ree t1 1an was tie total ash.

The lower percentage of iron in the mosaic infected tobacco
leaves is in agreement with the data of Coleman (1917) who reported
that the spike disease of sandal ca teed a lower iron content in the

mature leaves.

(7) Manganese

Yanaanese was deter: Mi ed according to the method described by
Peeeh (19b7), The manganese in the aliquot was oxidi 7ed bv pota sium
metaperiodate and the color of the perms nga1-te solution was determined
in the Coleman spectrophotometer. Ana aliqr ot of 20w milliliters, repre-
senting 0.5 gram of dry plant ma terie l was used. (See appendix 7.)

The man; anese content of the healthy and virus infected leaves
is given in tables 1 and 2. The manjanese concentration in the

'healthy leaves was 0.019 percent, be t it increased to 0. 02 6 percent

in th diseased leaves. The increase by 0.007 percent on the basis

15.

of dry matter represents a 3 h per cent increase wlien it is ca lcue
lated on the basis of the value for normal leaves taken as 100. When
the data are calcu a ted in terms of percentages of the total as h,
0.1b is obtained for normal leaves and 0.33 for diseased leaves.

This increase represents a 135.7 percent increase in terms of the
percentage of ma."anese in the total ash. The data rgree with those
reported by 2333, Black and nellv (1918) based on blighted spinach
plants. These authors observed an increase of manganese, calculated
as MnBOQ’ in the ton»s of blighte dspinach from 0. 021 to 0. 0L5 per-
centage of dry weight. This represents a 114.2 percent increase

over the normal content of healthy leaves which is in remarkably
close agreement with the value obtained in the present study.

The observed increase of percenta "e of man anese in t‘ie mosaic
infected tobacco leaves indicates how profoundly the physiology of
the plants was altered by the disease. This increase becomes even
more inrortant when the iron content also is considered.

The importance of the reciprocal relationship between naneanese
and iror was described by §pners and Shive (19L '2), who suggested
that the relative abundance of these t"o ions is far more important
than is their total concentrations in the tissue. Kansanese, since
it is the stronger oxidizing scent, reacts rit: the ferrous, physio-
logically active, iron, transforming it into the ferric form and

n he ferric-phos: =lm te

H-

rendering it inactive as it precipitates
or:anic form. The suggested mechanism for this interaction between

manganese and iron may be summarized as follows:

16.

 

 

living
svstem
N M‘ , >— v 4"on
.n _‘ £11
from substrate
Q; '49“ 4*“’ **
Fe 4‘ Iin ‘ ';:;___—\ Fe * I-fn

from substrate

I““* P “"**' V ‘0
e ‘f 01.} § -——-— 4.8.? h
Precipitated as ferric-
T phosphate organic complex

44
_...______h
Fe ~_____ __

from substrate

Fe Q‘**

Very often, an iron deficiency in plants is not caused by the
leek of iron, but rather by manganese toxicity resulting from the
inactivation of the iron in the plant.

The reciprocal relationship between the absorption of iron and

mangane-e was reported by rue, Black and Kollv (1918), who observed

 

that an increase in the manganese content of the tops was accompanied

by a decrease in the iron content.

(8) Phosphorus fractions
The separation of phosphorus fractions was carried out by a
o - ~ ~ \ a
modification of Arnev's proced‘ne (19)?). (See appendix 7.) The

scheme of separation was as follows:

..
a.

 

Trichloroacetic

 

 

acid
I 1
Acid ir soluble Acid soluble phosphorus
phosphorus l
_ l ‘1
Inorganic LC HaSOu
Residual Phosphorus Phosphorus EJdrolysis Oxidation

Labile Phospnnte Resistant Phosphate

Esters Esters
by difference by difference

In all cases th e phos horn s content of t} e different extracts
and solutior 1s was detern1ned as recommended by giiggp and Kellen
(19hr), utilizing the ammonium molybdate- hydroquinone procedure.
(See appendix 4.)

A one-gran sample was used for the original extraction and appro-
,riate aliquots ranging from 2 to 5 milliliters and corresponding to
10 to 25 milligrams of dry tissue were employed for the determinations.

(See appendix 8.)

(a) Total phosphorus
The virus infecto ed leaves contain more total phosphorus than the
health J leaves, table 5. The increase calculated as percentage of
the normal content of healthy leaves is 5.64, table 4. Thi 1s f'1nding
is in agreement with th e data presented by holden and Tracev (19L?)
when the total pnosiho'”s found is expressed as percentage of the

total dry matter, in the systemic infected mosaic tobacco pl? nts.

19.

Freiberg (1917) did not observe any anpreciable difference in the
total phosnhorus content of mosaic and healthy tobacco leaves. 323;,
(19h3) in his review described an inconsistent effect of virus dis-
eases on the percen age of total phosphorus in the plants. erhkov
and Vorob'eva (19b2) report a decrease in the total phOSphorus of

mosaic infected tobacco.

(b) Inorganic phosphorus

Table u gives the percentages of inorganic phosphorus in the
healthy and mosaic leaves and the percentage difference when calculated
on the basis of normal content of healthy leaves. The healthy leaves
~contained 0.185 and the diseased leaves contained 0.206 percent inor-
ganic phosphorus in the dry plant tissue. The data show that the
virus disease lessened the inorganic phosphorus in the leaves 11.35
percent when the decrease is calculated as a percentave of the amount

present in the normal plants.

(c) Labile phosphate esters
The labile esters fraction represents the phosphorus fraction
most intimately related to the respiratory mechanism of the protoplasm.
The normal leaves contained 0.026 percent of phosphorus present as
labile esters, while the infected leaves contained 0.035 percent.

This lifference represents an increase of 3Q.62 percent over the

amount in the normal leaves.

(d) Resistant phosphate esters
The resistant esters fraction contains such phosphate compounds
as the hexosephosphates, triosephosphate, phosphopyrnvic acid, and
phosphoglyceric acid. Table b indicates that the amount in normal
leaves was 0.0L6 percent and the amount in the diseased leaves was
0.038. This comparatively small decrease, calculated on the dry
weight basis, amounts to 6.5 percent when calculated on the basis of

the amount in the normal leaves.

(e) Residual phosphorus
The fraction indicated as residual phosphorus contains all of
the phosphoproteins and phospholipids which are precipitated by
trichloroacetic acid.
The virus infection increased the residual phosphor’s fraction

by 57.69 percent over the content of healthy leaves, table u.

(f) Discussion of phOSphorus fractions
The data in table a show hat the total phosphorus recovered in
the various fractions varies from 91.3 to 108.3 percent of the total.
There is a greater consistency in the recovery of the higher amounts,
although he absolute recovery ’3 satisfactory in view of the limited
accuracy of the f‘actionation procedure.

The data show that the virus disease increases not only the
absorption of total phosphorus but also the different fractions, with
the exception of the resistant ester fraction. The most pronounced
effect is exerted on the amount of residual phosphorus, in which one

the increase was 57.69 percent. Perhaps this might be expected from

20.

the increase in th .0 suhoproteins in the virus particles themselves,
althougli this phenonenon would not account for the greater total
phos>horus. The labile esters fraction exhibited the neIt n ghest
increase which was found to be 3b.62 percent when calculated on th
basis of the amount of this fraction in healthy leaves.

Table 5 presents the ratios of the various phosphorus fractions
to each other. There is a decrease in the ratio of labile esters
to residual phoswhorus. ines e data sugrest two mechanisms, one
following the other, which may account for the increase in the

labile esters fraction. Bawden (19b3) and Tvnd (19b?) in their

3

reviews indicate t mat the res Hair torv rate of virus infected plants

is related to the stage to which the disease has progressed. In the
early stages of the disease, namely on the fourth day after inocula-
tion, t.md (1943) reported a maIimum in the re te of respiration of
mosaic infected tobacco plants. This increase was followed by a

rate of respiration smaller than the normal. It may be surmized

that an increased amount of labile esters would accompany an increased
rate of respiration. When the res pi atorv rate decreased in the

later stages of the disease, and when th e virus particles 9c unulrted
in the tissue, the labile esters might rennin intact while the other
phosphate compounds were utilized for the formation of virus parti—
cles. This me finiSu would en lain the increased labile ester frac-
tion of mosaic infected tobacco leaves. The magnitude of the decrease

in the Merceitage of resist ant esters is not significant when the

duplicate dete minations are considered.

V \

Pd
0

,,, " M- L~ . . 4. .17- ". ”‘.--. . ‘. ... .. ,.
yanues observoa la tne axountn o_‘~ two Ciiicrbat hLOS'hO‘Ur

t3
H
(D
O
p...

w

frrctionc ore of inter st in conriderinr 2 fiocaiole $059 of virus

5 *‘VHJ‘. -‘~ ‘4 "as 1% . IN . -a ‘ ‘, '3‘ . .er . rq -. - 7- h
iordpuio“ an( wilt-:11cttioo. altaou L toe m¢c_unisd oi virag formu-

tion and tne traLrlocntion oi the os?t:oles within the host “lrnt c

0

not frll vithin the scooe of this otvd",it is worth? of mention tVRt

t’} aqv-rr 1 n‘ o 1 n H—x‘o -\‘.‘n+ («'4 1' “O .‘3- a”. w-‘ 'r‘h~‘\1‘~ .1 "a . w.‘ '4 7 an
47.9 V .L" ._ 111...]. .1900" ' um 51.01.‘W 0.1. ti.’ ILLHS ’!'.'.. v (‘0 L1 t 5.0; ‘5‘." L .'\

O“? of tho noo~i“1o flvorfiofi of aoflfiOFcfi to t 039 on?“lr”irfi WrrthFC.
’. Ei90“¢°ifll of igvnrfinnic (Y%T”tit“02i3
Thv frtn {cocrioefi s3ovm rho” that tfie vir”s irfccte’ to #22“
l‘”‘*“" (“Titplhir' '7r0"‘totr ‘ 3'2: tRPTFr if :10: r" leixroc i'iv: cvfleJJ‘tC€_
bv the cvfi of tie crtionc Cote?mi:o .Thio d?C?CF¢€ in the amount?
of the totfil cotionfi was accorfioniofi 5* rociorocrl diffcze: cs bo‘wecn

ouch o“foiclobi09llv rrlcted afitioro 99 Loncnnese erfi iron.The

' J

O

H.
I

""'10mfi+c o1" v]"~'*7onc~‘?u;q war-‘3 '37 4. “a (1‘; '-1 t "‘1~'"W'"nr' n c'w'lfi‘t“
CU- . ‘U._I J. 4 " ;_~:'. ‘ . ('.J.AJ\.— C'I'.~\4—‘-u A -‘..LK- ..0 e- -L— 1'...U\-,. ( \ lA—l ‘w I.I

‘

Thc‘o who no awwrrciPolc difirronce in the sodium concentrstion

J- ; ~ ‘ls ‘ : .-“ L‘ ” V -rJ-L, F‘!‘ r- ' ' - .-.~
labeh on to ovoin oi bfi; .r; Antue .ioo acne Situation urs not

ovifont wion co’iv: Vrc efwrr~~ei he forcort? e" of t'e total rsh.

A ctudv of the data in t ble 1, rsoonblofi i1 tKe colvrn 'Prr—
contflfe fifffi?03€", Sioclo¢9~ thrt the V? (:06 of the clcenat nov-
cerno7 i" rolotei to t.e fiohroe of tfio flictur3rnco of it? co:cont*¢-
tion in the tic¢to cruco' hr tho v'rv~ Eice'eo. 'ith the orcrwtiO“

’_-_ ~._ 0 _. -n a U‘ _ _ J_ _- ’V. .- o f"? P” o _ .- 1 I! _ 1“
of oiiicr t_o o finlt.dC" 0. ton :ercpzu' @ Ll irragco leTCFT D? +LC

.e are directly pronortionsl to the valence of the ions. Iron

.04
H.
I}!
, J
(D

mans nnese whiche re present most 3 in their oridized state in

:o
E.

normal soils and which undergo the 5re eetest chenges in valence are

subject to the greatest changes in ebsorpticn as a result of the virus
ciseese of the ulant. Calcium and negnesium which have a valence of
two are disturbed to a lesser degree, wh :le sodium and jotossium wnich
nossess but one velence ere effected to a still lesser extw the
disease.

These observetions suggest thrt the neture of the phssiologicel
dis mrb nces brought about by the mosaic disease may be related to
the electrical status of the colloidal structure of the protoplasn.
That such alterations in the electricsl condition of the colloidal
complex of living protoplesm nev proo-uce profound phvsiolog ical dis-
turoe.nces cennot be over volt ized.

The immortence of the electri ce 1 forces of the colloidal surfaces
of the living cells to th -e mecher -ism of absorntion of io from the
colloidal particles in the soil have been described in the works of
Jenny and co—workers. A change in the electrical state of the proto-
plasm in the root hair will marked lv affect the unta :e of nutrients

when th qe electrical forces plev a.n im~ortant role in nu H18 tabsorp-

tion.
A compareble study of the nh‘siolo,ic"l (is turbnr ces induced bv
virus disease carried out with ulents grown in nutrient solution,

where the part of the electrical forces in the absorntion of nutrients

is minimized, would throw light on the problem.

23.

This di~turbance in the electrical state of the protorlasmic

(

colloids is augmented as the disease proceeds since the differential
uptake of nutrients, resulting in their altered ratios in the cells,

causes further disturbances.

2. Organic constituents
a. Carbohydrates
The total carbohydrates were determined according to the method

described in the Official and Tentative Methods of Analysis of the

t J.
l
I...)

Associat on of Official igricu turel Chemists (l9QS). One—gram

('9'

samples of the dry powdered plant material were used for he initial
hydrolysis. After clearing with neutral lead acetate, the filtered
solution.was made up to 500 milliliters. An aliquot of 3 milliliters
of this extract, equivalent to 6 milligrams of dry material, was
used for the determination of reducing sugar. (See appendix 9.)
Table 8 presents the concentrations of carbohydrates found in
healthy and virus infected leaves expressed as percentages of dried
matter. The normal leaves contained 11.38 and the diseased leaves
contained 10.35 percent. This decrease of the carbohydrate content
of the diseased leaves represents a 9.05 percent decrease over the
content of healthy leaves.

The observed decrease in carbohydrate content is in agreement

with numerous data in the literature. rile? (192h) and Drnlap

 

(1930) also observed a decrease in the percentage of carbohydrates

in mosaic infected tobacco leaves. Such an effect on the tobacco

leaves seems to be a consistent response to the disease, although
similar srmntoms are not observed in the case of many other virus

éiSBRSEs.

b. Fats

The determination of crude fats was carried out by an ether
extraction of two-grem samples of the dry plant meterial in a Gold-
fish extractor. (See appendix 10.)

Mosaic infected leaves contained more crude fats than did healthy
leaves, as is evident from the data in table 8. The normal leaves
contained 1.71 percent while the diseased leaves contained 2.31
percent. These results indicate an increase of 35.08 percent over

the amount in the normal leaves.

0. Total nitrogen

The total nitrogen was determined by the Micro Ejeldahl proce-

dure as described by 23 and Cueseva (19b2). Samples of the dry

material rangine from 20 to 35 milligrams were used, which required
about u to 5 milliliters of 0.02 E ‘ydrochloric acid for the titra—
tion of the ammonia released. (See appendix 11.)

Table 9 presents the percentages of total nitrogen in the
leaves. The normal leaves contained b.66 percent nitrogen as com-
pared to the 5.2“ in the diseased leaves. The increase of 0.60 per-

cent on the basis of the dry matter represents an increase of 12.8

percent over the amount in the healthy leaves taken as 100.

m
U1
0

The observed increase in the percentm :.e of tot al nitrogen in the
mosaic diseased tobacco leaves is in agreement with data of previous
investigators. Cordingley, Grainger, Peersell and Wrirht (1934)
reported an increase of anproximat ely 10 percent in the total nitro-
gen content of their mosaic infected tobacco plants. Th same re-
sults were obte 1: .ed bv Denies (19 30). 2333_end Her‘:ins (1918),
however, renorted a decrease in th e percentaL e of tote .1 nitrogen in
the leaves of blighted spinach.

Accordi a to 3°"6 en (191’3), the effect of the mosaic disease

on the nitrogen content of the hos tplant is less clearlv defined

tlen the effect on the percentage of carbohvdretes.

d. Discussion of organic constituents

The effects of the mosaic disease on the percentage of orbanic
'constituents in tobacco leaves can be separated into two classes:
those causing an increase as exennlified by the total nitrogen and
crude fats, and those bringing about a decrease as in the instance
of carbohydrates.

Tables 10 and 11 present comparisons between the carbohydrate
and total nitrogen content of healthy and mosaic infected leaves,
together with the resultant changes in the carbon :nitrogen ratios.

Dunlao (1930) determined the carbohydrateznitrogen ratios for
a number of plants Siffering from different diseases. A taoulation

of his data showing the effects of mosaic disease on different plants

follows:

 

 

 

Ratios: ;iseased plants/Healthy plants
Host Kitrogen Carbohydrate C/N Ratios
Tobacco 1.10 0.77 0.71
Tomato 1.09 0.81 0.76
Squash 1.15 0.86 0.76
Pokeveed 1.1b 0.78 0.67
Pepper 1.03 0.93 0.83
ncumber 1.07 0.75 0.70

 

A comparison of Dunlan's data with those in table 11 indicates

a suosoential agreement.
The observed accumulation of the nitrogenous comuounds and the
tobacco leaves

diminution of the carbohvdrates in the virus infected

cannot be exblained on the basis of changed rates of t anslocation
and alterations in the permeability of the cell membranes to soluble
constituents. The dilution factor introduced by the increase in

the amount of total nitrogen would itself augment the difference in

the carbonznitrogen ratio.

III. ““1”?“

“h. “-AigJoi .-

The mosaic infected tobacco plants grown under field conditions
exhihited marked physiological
exoeriment l $110hedthet the disease caused a decrease in the total
ash content anu altered the ratios of in ‘ vidual constituents. The
carbohydrate, fat and total nitrogen accumulation in the leaves was
altered also. A hypothesis which surfested that the observed distur—
bances 1-:ere brouLht about b" an alteration in the electrical state
of the prot :1? s.1ic colloids wes pro oposed. This Chan
mic st.te is associate«i with a ifferential absorwtion of nu trier nt
ions, causing alter otions in their ratios in the tissues. The elec-

trical nature of this oi 1,turbrnce at the site of absorpti n 7as

suspected from the effects which the disease exerted on the accumula-

Ho

tion of nutrier ts posses sing d f erent valence numbers.

Th present experiment was arra Led to rresent a more complete
picture of the distribution of the different cons ituents in healthy
nd mosaic infected tobacco nlants and espec Mi 11;r to obtai nfurther

data pertinent to the h7uoth.s is of electric l uisturbsnces of the

protopla sm induced br the disease. '"oroio ic cvl ures vere used
since this procedure offered a bet er control over the conth 't1ons of
Lrovth of the experimental plants, and especial1y because t

tion of nutrients from solutions minimizes the participation of

electrical forces involvinL assorjtion. when the absorbinL root hair

is surro‘nded by nutrients in solution, the prirery forces act'ne

k)

,

on the mineral ujmt :e by the plant are those 01 perme001lity of the
protoplasm itself. The necessit:r for the root ha rto remove the
ions from th e electri call" ChPrfCO. surfaces of the colloidal soil
particles does not exist in the water cultures. The absorption of

the nutrie nte is then a function of permeability of the absorbing

cells rather m1 n an elec icel t“L-of- -war with the soil colloids

 

 

a, “‘1"’1*"1 get“ is and :Mtcrif‘ls
The ple nts stirJ ied in erierimentZ ere grown in the greenhouse

room To. 53 of the Plant Science Greenh uses at MichiLan State College.
The space eve ile ble included a bench, twenty feet long and two feet
wide. The room was eqni pped with an automatic ventilating system

0
end with a temperature control set for 17—18

"*3

The mechanical arranseme ent for the flooding o the ulture pots

H0
.55

periodi call? w-ith nrtrient solit on is ineica ted figure 1.
An air pump, activated every two hours by an electric time clock,

flooded the Culture pots every two hours. 1ne level of the nu orient

sol :tion in the pots was controlled by a hydrostatic column at the

end of the air pressure line. The culture pots were placed for

llumi ati on of the plm s.

H.

enough apart to permit a sufficient
The nutrier t solution recommended by §p§5cer (l9bl) was used.

ne fi.a1 composition of the solu tion was as follows:

. . 5. 1. ., .9 .L“ “11....
‘1re l. Arrfin PECZt Vue .111130 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

:9

 

1 1 .‘ 1 s. .. t I) .~-.. 1- - 1 - C" ‘
M NH 1 '1!- , fl ' 1 1 i 9“!" v *1 ‘ x, A 1 H (-11 < 1, ,
’ 1 .¢C-LL-;11-on LJJ.(~.'1(‘\L ‘1 LJ- v o'. 0 T,'(: A ’ E \4 - UL; L1 G ‘5' K .L n «.1) J :11“).

'u) H

O
. 3 3
, Starpor, sin "0. 3; 4, L-cl1a3301 lacs trains; 5, 3::19r tuair
sauna ct ion; 6, Y—saneu glnfe tube; 7, Air 330::ure a
size 30. 1?; 9 Intrien solut‘én, 16 11tor~; 10, c
n

!
c r“cit"; 11, 33°t +~*~ a

‘ 3 1.5- ‘-r\-. A-q-‘. 1" ~16p~ 1-\
U.A~—.’ u..-- J.A . r;

"‘1 .V .
-L.¢‘~ _l \J._‘

4- n1- -‘
U L‘. UGL.

Cone e11

prenaref to have

The final voltno
‘° -2 ‘ .nL
alqt_llet mcuer.

her

 

 

 

 

 

 

38 t G33“: we? lite:
ID, v-p n
;'l{."SOL. 7:190 (0 9
«I. f
c:(1aq)q.ud¢w 20.5
chP': 1h.9
"‘T \ l r:
(—511 / 23011 3 -
‘vv- . . -~ '1‘ f‘ ’1 "1‘ ‘- - J- : 14- l‘ ‘
.n solutlods o1 e10“ o1 tuQ na1r193u ““1
the follOWing concentrrtions:
fl 4. ‘ '4 ’ ' .7 J- ‘-
halu .111111ters o1 ”MOO”
“L: . I" ‘ -‘ r'.‘ -
SOlL b.1011 I: CAUCL- T721.
0’1“30*i'
yo _, ‘/'
LfiqCu.719Q 04
“2" (4
Iv- '. /
Ca\-03)2.~figO 173
-flv , f‘ A (
ALL—hf" P‘JZ‘L (:40 U
""‘T' "J
(_"¢)9SOL ,5.
' ~
in e“cg a room“ "”9 mr’e u‘ to lo llter
I'inro <:lc1le:-tn t'err cunfilicci 73:7 r5511. ' .1.
u- _ -‘ I ‘ - '. o ‘ .-.. 1.." n _
€100 sol tlo n V11_ Une 'ollo

carb02y of h

 

 

. ’V 0
Salt arrnq Der llter
‘r-I —\ _, r' '

.-’: (10¢: L1,: . 1

2!” T" .~ ' f
.4130! .1171 .f.-’ u?

r-v‘fi-v ,a
‘ .JI“

J
- 5.4

fl (“ ."
J11. .: J {'1’ .

 

q

in nice ted that su’ficient 1ron was obtained an contaminants. The

final concentretions of the r.icro eletionts 1n the nutrient solution

were as follows:

 

Element Parts per million

 

Boron 0.5
Manganese 0.5

Copper 0.02

 

lice tiena tube um ver. Hertha no. 39 seeds mere planted on

April 1, unlied through the courtesy of Dr.

T?

James Jihneon of the Inivers ity of 'xfiscor sin. When the fifth leaf

anneared, tlw pl Pnts were tr°rvelnnt_6 into the gravel note. The

.1

average heiqlt at the time of trans; e: tii‘ wes from 7 to 8 inches.

When the aopenrence of the plents showed that they hefl fully

recovered from the t~ensnlantins, ther were infecte’ with tobacco

mosaic virus by ruboin; the two lower leaves of each olflnt with

cheese cloth soaged in a virus pr,gere Hi0 I. The inoculnti no were
performed on Ker b, 1950. The inoculum was prepare<
iry pOu'iCT ed discosed leaves in vm he‘, and then pressing tne mess
in e hgd olic press. The qu id obtaineu wee preserved in the re—
frigerator until used

' . "m m n--. 4-‘-. ° 11 . -_ :1. .0 1 2 1 1-. -
Visanl sh” tons a Jenrcu tee f11tn cry alter inocu1et_3n on Due lCPVCS

”A. . A. :1... m y 1.1- 0 1 1.’-P .H“‘ ‘3‘?
of the gromlnu tlu. 1ne mater level 01 tne c111e1tnt carbot.s wee

kept con: ant bv the edtition of water every three davs s. The nutri-

ent solutions were replaced tLe third week ?fter transplanting.

The tobacco plants were harvested on Jm 1L, 1950. By that
date, they had attained an aver age heifl f3 feet and at no time

did they show nitrogen deficiency symptoms. Eben plant was separated
into leaves, stems, and roots. The roots were washed with tap water
to remove adherine gravel nor ticles. Only the fl1>rous roots were
retained. Thee” iff erent semrles were dried in the oven at 1000 C.
for 2L hours, and then ground in a micro—Wiley mill to pens a 60-
sieve. The rcwiered meteri 1 was stored in air~ti¢ht conteiners
until the enelvsos were carried out.

The methods of analyses emnloyed in this experiment were iden~

ticnl to those used in experiment 1.

Q. :nC“’ncrt"1 resrlts
1. Inorganic constituents
a. Total ash
The perceite~es of total ash, expressed as caroonntes, appeer
in table 12. The diseased plonts contained more total ash than did

the normal Ml nts T1-i true for the leaves, stexis, and roots.

U]
f.‘
a.
D
(f)

This increase, calculated on the basis of the amount in the healthy
Ml nts, wrs 9.6 percent for the leaves, 1.L percer:L for the stems,
and 1.6 percent for the roots.

Tools 13 presents tne date ootaincd by calculating the percent-

ages of tne individurl ash com nents in the tote 1: sh when the

’19.

total ash is obtained bv summation of the individual comyonerts

ysis. When calculated in this manner, the total

3)
U)
:3.-
H0
:3
H
(D
(D
‘1
'4 D
m
0
H)
F3
to
p A
f—a c
U)
(D
Q3
U)
(D
r};
"5
H
(‘9
:3
cf.
U!
H‘
{J
O
"3
(D
”J
U]
(D
p.

26.11 percent, while
it increased 63.85 eercent in the stems, and h.ll percent in the

roots.

b. Silica
The determinations of silica yielied traces too small for

accurate estimation. This siturtion mifiht be expected since the

I,

only source of silica to the elants was th contact of tre roots

0)

with the quartz gravel used to svnport the plants in the nutrient

solutirn.

c. Calcium

The calcium content of mosaic leaves is slightly higher than
that in the normal leaves when it is calculated as a percentage of
the dry matter. The data in table 12 show that the normal leaves
contained 2.3% percent while the infected leaves containei 2.40 per-
cent. When the concentration of calcium is calculated as a percent-
age of the amount in the normal plants, this increase amounts to
2.6 percent over the normal value. If the calcium contents are
calculated as percentag s of the total ash, able 13 shows that in
normal leaves the value is 63.89 percent, and in the disteeea leaves,
the percentage is 51.97 percent. This Share hat the increese in
the calcium content of the diseased leaves was not as great as the

increase in total ash.

The date in table 12 show that the calcium content in the stems
of healthy plants was 0.80 percent, when calculated on the basis of
the 63 ' .plant material. The percenta.fe in the dis ased stems was
0.75. These values represent a decrease of 6.3 percent when calcu-
lated on the bar is of the amount in normal stems. The data in table
13 show that in normal stem tissue, the percenta‘e of calcium in the
total as h was 23.16, while in the ash of the st=ms of diseased plants,
the percer tag was 16.11. This decrease, relative to the tote.l as sh,
represents u2.79 percent of the concentiation of calcit m in the ash
of normal stems. These results show that not on V‘UBS the percentage
of calcium in the dry tissue of the stems lessened, but also that

his decrease occurred even though th 9 total ash increased.

The data concerning the perce tage of calcinn in tile dqi' root
tissue are presented in taole 12. The percentage in normal roots
was 1.12 percent and in the roots of the diseased plants the percent-
age was 1.02. This decrease rep esents 8.9 percent of the calcium
content of the roots of normal plants. Table 13 presents the data
calculated as percentages of the total ash. In noxmxal roots th is
value was 5h.13 and in the roots of the diseased plants the value
was h7.35 percent. This indicates that the ash of dise aused roots

contained 12.53 percent less cc.lc ium, which shows that the diminution

of ca.1ciun in the roots occurred even though the total ash increased.

33-

d. Kagnesium
The magnesium co n tent in th e mosaic ciseased leav s is hiyher
that in the the healthy leaves. Th. data presented in table 12

show that the healthy leaves contained 0.59 Tercent magnesium, cal—

Lleted on the basis of tie drv matter,1 iile the concentr tion in

O

the diseased leaves was found to be 0.73 percent. This increase
represents a 23.7 percent increase over the ma snesiinu content of
the healthv leaves. Table 13 shows that when th magnesium was
calc1 Ilated as a percentage of the total ash, the value was 16.11
percent, while in the diseased leaves it was only 15.81 percent.
This percent decrease of the amount of ma nesium in th is ash of the
diseased leaves represents a 1.81 percent decr ase in comparison to
.the value for normal leaves. These data show that, although the
magnesium co nte -nt of the plants was incr.ased, the amount of this
increase was less than that of th e total? .

The stems of diseased plants contained less magnesium tlan did
th e heeltliv stems. The date in table 12 indicate that the percentrges
in healthy and diseased stems were 0.61 and 0. L8 respect ivelv cal-
culated on the basis of the dry matter. This decrease in the dis-
eased stems amounts to 21.3 percent of the amount in the stems of
healthy plants. When magnesium is calculated as a pe cent eof
the total ash, table 13 shows that the healthy s tens conte ined 21. #7

n the virus diseaseC material there was nly 10. 31

H-

percent, while

{1)

percent. This represents , 51.97 percent decrees , calculated on the

basis of the percentage in the ash.
Kore megneeinm wee found in d.ieeaeed then in heelthy roots.
Table 12 shove that the magneeinm content of the heelthy roots wee
“.UE percent of the dry ratter. The diseaeed roots ccnteined O.h3
percent. Thie increcee enountc to lb.3 percent of the amount of
ne~necwwn in t‘e healtlz" roots. when the magneeinm in the roots was

calcnleted on the basis of the total 95;, the value for heeltiey

1'

roots was 3C.30 percent, while thet for t e diseeeee roots was

A)

2.28 percent. This increase represen.s only 5. 91 percent over

n

he content in the eeh of healthy roots. The dif1erencee in the
amount of increaee of mejnesium celcnleted on the basis of the dry
netter and on the basis of the to ele sh i1-€ice te thet, altheu~

‘

the magnesium content of 1 was increes d by the dis-

l> J‘
U)
’7)
A.)
I!
(T)
Q;
*3
O
O
r?-
’ 0

case, the enount of thzs increase wee lees then thet of the total

e. Potes siu.

The percentegee of noteseium in the healthy and dieeeeed plents
are nreeented in teble 1?. The leaves, stems, and roots of the dis-
eeced flente conteined more notes eixnn then did the Leelthy corres-

nondim rzeteriel. Hen thy leaves contained 0. 59 percent potassium
in the dry me tar, wld 1e the die eeeed leaves contained 1.3h percent.
This increeee repreeente a 127.1 percent over the amount in the
healthy leaves. ahen the potassium content is calculated as

percentage of the tote ash, the healthy and diseased leaves contained

16.11 er d 29. 01 percent, respectively. This increase of the potassium
in the ash of the diseased leaves, as shown in table 13, represents

a 80.07 percent increase over thet in the healthy leaves. The data

‘

H ‘L ' 1' ‘7 ~ A v. -' w ' . w 0
presented inoicete tnet tLe PbuOlgthu of potass 1am ass increased

g

by th diseflse, out the increese in the total ash nwas of smaller

‘

iseese on the aosorp-

p.

masnitude. This shows that he effect of the
tion of potassium was frenter t1; n on the tote l ash.

Table 12 shows tiict the stems of the henlthy plants contained
1.31 percent gotessium in the dry matter and the diseased stems
contc ined 3. 33 percer -t! This co mpicuous increase amounts to 15 4.2
um content or the neelthy stems.

percent over the pots. 3:

amount of potassium was calculated on the besis of the total ash,

U]

the healthy stems contained #6.11 percent, 2 is indicated in table

13, and the diseesed materiel contained 71.5

b)

percent. This in-

to 55.13 percent.

O
E;
(1‘
,)

crease over the content in heelthy stems a:
The date s1 low tlet the seese ircnced a gre mat r absorption of
potassium, and thet the ncgni tnf.e of this increm se ves relet ”v 1y

greeter then the in r ease in the total esh.

5 pre met ted in tr 518

w-

Ft

The percentage of potassium 'n 1e roots
The heelthy roots conteined 0.30 percent in the drv ma tter
while the diseased roots contained O.h3 percent. The obser'ed in-
crease in the potassium con ent in tile roots of disee sed plents was

33.3 percent over the corresponding velue for t‘m we 1tLy roots.

When the data ere calculated on the basis of the total fish, the

p. .v
} J
(D
U
H
( f'
F l
C.
N
*3
O
O
c r
I!)
O
O
' S
d.
J
*4.
L5
H
‘x‘.
O
D

werccut 816 the {iubzsefi roots co:—

,. j r .. . 1‘1"- . _' '- .r-‘, . ,~ #1 :. mu t.~' ‘1 . 4. "4.
ov;r tge VHICG oju:igfih :c; “A: A joflY roou9. ‘39 act? egov uh b

- O C l _ ,_ - 5 .. ._ ' . n u.- v. -
me Vlrts infectlo: carrv; F rrcrto" :CCUJMlflthQ o: DOLFSSiUJ int

C C If .7- “
lncrenbe 1n can totpl r" .
fl "'0
4. 80*?111

The Prtb concornihfi the €0”itfi C‘Ofltfitt? of h9"1thv F15 €€~v9¢€h
“lfintq arp Urcdento? in t'bloc 1“ ani l”. Tfiblo 1‘ shovc tist tto

. u 3 0‘ LTWV a", 9”. p . fl . 1 #‘1 - ,. .-‘ ,‘ J- . .. {\f" _
11 AC lJaj Te.rvé rbr fir P¢Rt 11 tfie COLCth? ulon c- 0.4;

5‘ 4‘ a? .I 4- - J- :- ~ 0‘ . '9 . - I’- : ‘ ¢ " ¢~ 1' ‘ v A
more 3t 0; tge r7 firtter, 711:“ 13 ats<asc; 10 ‘CS tgcrp 7'9 0.0 U
ficrccnt. Th1? finrll ixcreree in th? RJOWZt of soiir= in tnc ii efsoi

. , - .- "V ‘ ‘2. .:' L'.‘ . _ .1. '. 'n _. A." .
le”*n8‘57‘orudx: to 1”-;'“erceaw; o- ofifEEfiIOILZU 1‘1.¢e ~u-5r let Hui. T.€r

.3- he 1th? lorvcc COHtFllFC ;.:* wercrnt,“hile the diseancd le've¢
coachino’ 2.0& fierce t of tfln 093.3hi7 decrezve 11 the podium
content of tfle ac» of diaChce leive: '9 19.C. WGTCEHt of tfict

. Lu"

. 1 .- . ,. PT,- ". 4.” ',-.' ‘, . ‘. .L 4:. ., , .44.“..A ,
1n netlunw lervea. Lde aru« ru;ortn\ rgov tgnu uwe 3€SCC-U‘;= of

J '. q ° '- ‘ - .» Jun .9 4.‘ .. a. .. ' ~---_x,~: “J. - ”n: s-
so 1&M 1n tgo or; m bbCT 0; UL? lezveq mys not sluhlvicrgu11 :itgct—

0
cf-
(I‘
1'
(7
LT‘
O
’—
[-J
'3
)
4
3
"J

“71‘ ‘ ‘...~-’ -. 4L . J- .’.‘ '» ‘ '—. ,4. '- ,-' -’ .«J- .7 ’- J. ‘,.‘ A
:59 n Clwn cogucat 0; tfle secltdf rue-3,14t_c bet 1; tr ;: 12,

V 0

. n" - --4. . - 4.‘ 1' , 4. 4.x ,. .t - - -7
*FV u.lpg mercegu,rng h Uflv L1?e?€c. Fur“: uue ?Oyihfl reorcccntef

A A - - J— 1‘ ‘~ ' -— H LLA F’T' '1 4-2 :3“. J- «J-
O.u ncrcenv 0; t,c fr, “stucr. tnc oecrc¢¢c of tue septum congsnu

induced by the disease was 21.9 percent in reswect t 9

I
k
‘-

stems of healthy elents. When the concentrrtions of sodium found in

that for diseased stems was 1. 76 percent, as is 3'
assemblec in table 13. Tue deem se of sodium in the ash of the dis~
sewed stems is eowiv le eat to 52.43 percer t of the value obts'néd

for the heelt7" stems. Tue data 1? -Cicnte, therefore, thrt the virus

disease inhibited the eccun“1nt1on of sodium in tne stems, even

190.106 perce c1-

r1

s A x . 11 1 v
msb1e 11 srovs tset t1e healtny roots cent

eased roots 0.094 percent when calcvlnted on

} J.
U)

of sodium and the 6

the basis of the dry wetter. Tfiis Cecrecse represents 11.3 percent
of tie content in the dry matter of the hes thy roots. chle 13

presents the concentrotions of sodirm exlrc ss e1 in tern.‘, of he

"p ‘ Q ~‘ g o w‘ ‘ Q‘Y
total ash. n39: celcnlctec on t_1s be 1 , uhC Lecltu; roots con—
. ‘ ~ 0 3. ‘ _o /
te1ned 5.12 percent end tee d1seesec loots contc1ned 4.3: percent.

.sh of the roots is equal

d;
:3
a)
r.)

This decrease in the scdiumc enter t in

" .A 1- r ”'7‘ r‘
to 14.8» percent of tne vel7e outn.ined forl es tu roots. 1ue e
date show thet tzze disease inhibited the ace umuletion of sodi1fl in
he roots, althougL the total ash we” slightl" augmented.

. .1. . . 4. .0 u w "1.1-" .. 11* ° 1. ,
The iron center.v o1 tae nee1oeg lceves, cresentec 1n teule 1,

as O. 035» fiercent in the dry setter and the diseased leaves containec

0. 0L1 percent. T is percentage incree e is enur-.l to 17.1 over the
cont nt ofl th" le°ves. In tc:le 13 the percentcges of iron are
expressed on the besis of the total sen. Cnlculetcd on this basis.
the Healthy lesves couteined 0.96 pem cent while tie diseased leaves
contained 0.99 percent. Tnis dec17eese is eounl to 7.29 percent of
the valve obtained for heelthy leevcs.
thct the increased iron ccntent of the d-se“sel lcrves we: of
.neller "“"ritu-e t111n the 3erc mtsge increase of the totel ash.
In normal steis, the iron was present in the concentration of
0.013 nercent of tFe Cry setter, 93 shown in table 12, t7hile tim

diseased stems conte-ned 0.010 percent. T“

s decreese amounts to

IE4.

23.1 percent of the normal velue. The con ent of iron in tr 1e stems.
calculeted as percent?:cso the total ash, are presen b9d in table
13. The healthy stems conteined 0.L6 percent and disersel stems
0.2 nercent. This decreese is equal to 5L. 3'+ percent of the vrlue
obteir ed for t} _e ash of normel stem . The date indicete that the
amount of iron in the stems vrs decrecsed by the disease, even
thou13rh the total asn increased.

The iron content of normal roots~#qscru 91 to 0. 03 percent of

the drv matter, as is indicated in teble 12. The disec :7ed roots

conteined 0. 0L1 perc c.nt. TFis increase of iron content in the dry

b)

a C o /
matter of tne 01seesed roots is equal to 0.7 percent of the amount
found in the roots of normal plants. When the iron content in th

totel esh wss calculated, the ash f healthy roots can ‘ incd 1. L5

LO.

jerecnt and thtt of tLe diseased roots conteinef 1.30 nercent,re
19 shown 5' the data in r‘le 1?. ibis incanee Is er al to 41,0?
fiercent of me vs ue obtrine for the col of herlt‘v roour. -1:
WercentFTee increose cclculrtei on tLe or is o: 13? matter on 5

, -, ' .L l- r-J- ‘. -,.J. J." '.. n '. ‘. " r.

t0*"1 1~1 in 1c 09 tnut tne '11e 01 1T0“ incrersc in tne ClUO1QCC
.10 -’-‘ n ‘ 4.7,- .0 ’ J- ” n 1." -.,., -. ' .L :

r001s 3“ mi one s.ne oreer es t» t 01 tie UOtw1 rsn,1lunol M it is

'7” .~ '- A“ ..A n at" ‘ - h .
true tn: tie wercent1xe inere “e o- t e 1:01 itselw "a" F little
“reeter then vrs the nercenteve increero of tke totel ir n.

h.

" ..
ijutve1u=ee

9 1 ~ - . 1 . -
m ne noncrnese conte t tn? en: Virfs Ciceoser “lrrts

- - — —--

A, 1~~4vvr~~1 1'2- t.‘p. 4.».1—1 an 1'7 ""if 1 -‘. . ~11 'r"
E. - .1."~1___ 1., -’11 qt .) ‘_.,_, (.1--.\ _.- . 4.-.”, '1

. 1 4-.w .’ ~ . ’0 " v- -~. \ J- <- o ‘ " " o1 a +‘\ .I— . Ju‘
crlculeted on 111_e oer is o; 1‘ 125+ e3 11V 0. l~,*11-_lo 11.181 111 11-:e
‘ . \ v c A q - — ‘ l ' - u o -—
'1oefis< 1€°Ve¢ ’PVU.OT‘ 7!QCfiflt. This coereree rho fit“ to 7.1 Jer-

-. J- -:' 1‘ - I, ~ 0 ‘ '4 -‘ I -v V“ pr-a 9 ‘ -\ “ -~ A . .1 ~ -
cent 0... t1;' Fm-” -101“ no _;t_1 lepvr-e -15- t, e .11 1- cm muggy-“to:

1~+hpn —.

-;.v1 0 Of 13le

(-1 '3 "‘ r. I‘ r‘ . 1A
1 \ .
1-1 -1. ;-L-_. Cc. t r... ~1_-_ ll-

‘3‘) CT‘C *3

J" J. t .1 . . .. . .r.‘ 1 J.‘ " .1 . . 1 ‘1 «L -'
no rune Jen enere oi neelt y lerves 9w: 0.; *ereent,"ot tzrt “or
4_' ~ I 1‘ ‘ _, ‘ r. .a j. _ - . .f_ P?" f - 1‘ , .1 .2 .. ‘l .. .1. 4.
.1e nisefsea lo vet v.1 mercent._1:¢ 1 eraase res dCt 't1u~v to

is anonrent from the reerlts reoorte?,thrt tne acerNtlo «01 1f
nezrfeinfise is: t se‘lefiees ix” onfjr Old/4it1:*, OI"“€T'¢”‘C iftsi"<ifoxxtntlj',
leesene" l? tfie (iseese, “bile ‘e nercentere of to: l ooh ”re
Viflni?ieentl” inereese”

Toe ”enf”nese cotton‘ of “e"1+“* and ”isefsed eten~,effiresse5
as fiercentf“es of tre "1“ ortte“ nos 0.077 in hot 9 ere, tut When

1:1.

the mangenes e is calculeted on the basis of total ash, the value for

healthy stems was 0.11 percent and that for diseased stems was 0.06
perce nt. This decreese in th percente ?e of nangsnese in the ssh of
the diseased stems corresponds to L5.L5 percent of the ne1 onese in
the ash of heelthv stems and shows that the amount of men~anese in
the stems was not affected or the disease, even though the total
siieu1wented.

The roots of healthy plants conteined 0. 033 percent manganese

o- the basis of tlie dr" netter. The diseased roots, as indicated

9

in table 12, contoined 0.039 percent. These results represent a

18.2 percent increase in the roots of the diseased pl? r.ts. The
sengenese in heel‘hv roots , calcrlet ed 2s a percente"e of the to 91
ash, was 1.59 while that in he ash of diseased roots~wrs 1.8 . This

is equivelent to 13.84 percent of the amount in the ash of

’1)
U)
’D

110 re

f’o

heeltliy roots. These results show thpt both mange nese and total ash

were increased 'n the roots by the Virus 11seese, but thot the in-

crease in the ash was rel .tiirelv a little greeter.

i. Phosphorus fractions
(1) Total phospho us
The virus infection decreesed the tote 1 phosohorus con cent sti one

in th 1 eev s, stems, and roots of the tobacco flents. Table 1L shows

.4—

0’!)

that the leoves, stems, and roots of hee ltTy plents conteined O.cc1,
0.L3° end 1.355 percent phosphorus in the dry hatter, respectively,

J" 0

while the values for the diseosed nlnnts were 0.690, 0.381, and 1.1?7

IA...-

percent. 1ne pe rcenta e (Uecre se in the leeves we s 19.9 in the
stens 11.81, end in the roots 13.1%, when the data are calculated in

terms of th.e corresnonc; '3“ velues for nornal 3lents .

(2) Inorganic 3h os31~.orus
The virus infection exerteo t? -e sane orelit tive efzect on the

amounts of inorganic 3hos“horus es on the totcl 3hos31: err s. In the

heelthv3 3lents, as infiicnted in te

C)

1811;,t1‘1’3rc ang 0. L83, 0.207,
end 9.90 5 percent in genie phosnhorrs in the dry nutter of the lesves,
stens, and roots respectively. 1ne co1resrorc‘ng contents of inor-

genie 3hos3horus in the diseneed plants vere 0.3 7, 0.158, and

no
l.)

O\

c 0 respectivel". The aercente Ce d.ecreeses PnO“nte5 to . ,

23.67, and 9.39 per cent when calc ulstea on the basis of the amounts
in the coriesr01L1MP parts of he? th" plants.

Table 15 presents the ratios of the amount of inorganic phos-
phorus to the tote 1 3h s3iorus The data Show that the virus dis 0? se
lesser Cd the e“ounts of totrl ghosfhorus and of inorganic 010s,1or“s

n the leaves, stems and roots. The reletive decrense of the inor-

Ho

genie phosphorus in the leevcs and stems is greater then that of

cf
311

total 3hos3horus, while the opposite is true in th e roots.

.o

(3) Lebile 3hos3hete esters

(’9'
’9
’3
( ’1
( 9'
fl)
’1
F4)
3
‘1)
P)
c,-
J
O
.3

The labile phosnhe. in the leeves, stews, and
roots of he? lthv 9rd 6.iseesed. plent s contained only treces of phos-

3horus, as is iniiceted in teble 1h.

(L) Resistant phosphate esters
The virns disees decreased tr 1e resistent e oswhate esters in
the leaves, stems, and roots, as is shown by the data arranged in
table lb. The percentages of ti os uorus present in this form in
the herltfiy leaves, stems, and roots were 0.263, 0.179, and 0.1“

percent of dry netter, respectively. The corresponding concentrations

:3
:4
( /\
V1

in the diseased elents were
decreases or the resistant ohoswnete esters fraction ajperr in teele
1b, end they were found to“_3:.50, 2.29, and 20.U9 percent for

lee es, stems,e :16 roots, respectively.

T“e ratios among the cizferent frection" oi olos‘kor 3 appear
in teble 15. The megnitude of the decreese of the resistent esters
fraction was gree.ter th.n tnet of tLe inorganic Jnosr~o us fre.c ion
for the leeves er 1 roots of the m seic infected filents, voile t
opiosite we: true for the stems. The ratios of resistant esters
phosphorus to the total phosnhorus are smeller in all the three

warts of the dise Peed nlants tnrn in too corres;onii*g tarts of

t
.n.

"e91 t:-‘ «w' T31 fintg.

1 a
(5) Residral rsessnnte esters

The virus infected tobACco plants containee nore phosphorus

the residrel esters form then did the healthy plents. Trole l4

1’)

shows thet tEe heelthy lerves, stem , and re ts con minec, respec-

tively, 0.795, 0.031, and 0.111 percent “re Thor‘s in the residrel

.A-L.’

:‘f

(D
n—J
’?
3.3
o
d-
(D,-
*1
O

3
(D
9
"D
r ..
'3
0
'1
J
‘o
a
(T)
'a
:13
L5
0
(—50
d
d-
O
H
S:

}—J
FJ

ED

U)

o tri nod from healthy leaves,

The ratios between the different phosghorus fractions, as indi-
cated in table 15, show thnt the ratios of inorgeric to residual
phosphorus, anl the retio s of resistant esters to residual phosphorus

an

H.
(D

are smaller in the diseased than in the h€9ltl" plants. Th

('0

1‘8

<t
. )
(D
*1
( J
U)
I J.
{1.

npl to the totel the

f.)

increase, however, in the ratio of

.-norus in tile diseesed.

(6) Discussion of rttsntorrs frections

oresented in

J.

The data for the different presn orus rscti 0-8,
totles 1e and 15. show thet the percentfige recovery 0f the t0L°l 3395’
p orus in the frectivns veries from 93.h to 103.’ w percent of the

amount determired as "total phesnhorus." This degree of recovery is

sstisfsctory in View of the analytical problems whiCn the frsctionstion

The deta presented show thrt the virus diverse decreeeei not
only the total absorption of phosnhorus, but also t? e ans Lfit in the
phos-
phorus fraction, on the other Lens, nerkeily incressed, There was en

lo es te rs fraction in

H-

insirniTicnnt anount of pnos ores in the 19%

all tissues of both the neeltfiy eni the mosaic disersed plents. The

acturl increfise of the PGSiu . ,:esjhete fraction, while the concen-
tretions of the totel, inorgenic, and rcsistent e~ters phosphorus were
decreasing is consistent with the phos )hoproteine us nature of the

virus perticles themselves. It may be assumed thet the virus perticles

were ferns? et the e"nense of tie other r r;os““crus frrctions. The

ectuel decresse 01 the totel phesyhorus shovld not be overlooked, in

t 3‘
(D
’d
’ 3
0

cf-
0
L r~I
J

*4
:‘J
J)
3

O

view of the rltered ehsorrtien end rerrcsoil ity of t
induced by the virus diseese.
The merinun absolute increose of the phesnhorus in the reel.

frection, influccfi by the dissese, occurred in the roots. The actual

(D

increese was 0.023 percent on the Gry mett r basis. This value repre-
sents 30.h per ent of t3f.e ceereese of th e inorganic fr?ction, -nd 39.3

percent of the resistant esters fraction. The theory that the increase

.ttributeble to the £0 metion of virus

1'1)

of the residual fraction is

rorti else is especie llv res so noble in View of th iese relationships.

0

fJo

J. Dissiiss on of inorganic constituents

The data essenbled in teble 12 indicate that the virus diseese
stimulated to a smell legree the eccumuletion of totsl ash. The
gre?test concentration of total ash, as well as the greatest increese,
occurred in the leaves. The reo ts elso eritititei these effects, but
their mognitufies were sneller. The stem tissue exhibited the sfime
enelitntive effects, but to the leest degree.

The notsssium content of tFe ”ises~e« leeves, stems, and roots

was marredly effected. All of these ciseosed tissues contsined more

r-
k)\

.‘V ‘ “‘ Na!“ 3 r- ay. .2
noto3311n teen tne corre p1“- “1 heeltL, tirrues. ”He accumulation of

"“ “ ‘1.)
noteeeium i: eopeci911v eviTent since tI‘.e retio of ootossium to the

4. ,1: 4.2 ., 39.1 1. 4.1- .. ,- : 1 1' 1 .
-o.el ach also increased, nm1C991n; vLot the 1".e1tu e 01 toe lncrces

‘_I

of tLis elehent we? greater then thet of the other winerel constituento.

The greetert eboclut e increoee 1? the rercentoge of potassium occurred
in t11e ete1g A leooer inc :oeoe oceurrei in t e leevee, and a still
cme1er increoee "n? detected in the roots. The mnrkoé accumulrtion
of voteseium n the stews we? be reletod to the m ieturc content of
the tisoue. Potassium in mostlr found in tLe flout tissue in a water

0

sol oble stcte end it C? n oc lercuoi 9110

1'!)

4- . . 3- ' J— ’ v vv 1‘
U QIaAqn 01 t6? 1111701; L 1‘03} tut?

- - rm, 7. .2 ,: .1 .. - -1 . ._ 1..
tiesue. LLe stems coutu1nec the ”1° 0 t perc ent° e of “018 use wuich

uotaesium obccrvcd. A.posi-

A

q

tive correlation between moisture conten anc tLe cor centration of
potassium won 1i presume hot the pore ente5e of toteeeium in the tisoues
etudied would follow the order etei1e, leavor, enfl raote. lhe data
in to ole 12 sutotentimte tVie preetmjtlon.

TLC effect of tLe virro dieeece on th sodium accumuletion was
less in the leevee then in the other tiocuee. The stems and roots of

o a J _ 1‘ '10 o o 1‘
the dieeeeod rlente conteznec lees ete11m tufin old 01m11or heelt v

c.-

ieeuee. There aooeerr to be e rocirrocrl rorooree of ooteeeiun add
eoflinm to the virue diceece. A consideration of tLe mognitnfie of these
reeooneee infliceteo, however, t1 t t: .e recirrocel re. Ptionenij iv

cuolitot ive onl", rather then strictly ornntitetiv . -

ine concentretions of calcium are ““"res1um xere both bicker i“
the diseeseé leaves Pni stefls, but a recihrocal reetenre was fletected
in the roots. TLe concentre ions of celcium were more "er'wilv

effected tLen Mere those of flernesium.

Iron erd nenyeneee Here eceunvleted to a ereeter derree in tLe

dieeeceo tLen in t?e heeltLV “oo-s. TLie izicreese is irrie°ted b"
._ 1

their eercente fee in tLe dry matter end e.1so L" their rpercenteres in
the totel esL The iron in tLe stems wee oecreeeed by the dieefise,

'Q‘: o ‘_ . O .1 . 1- M'« a vn ’- v
t -19 1t 193 incre“eee “ tme leeves. inc response of Men eneee hes

V 1. -

the or? matter basis and in the total nth. The ectorl ccuxuletion of
iron and mengonese in the roots at tLe ex: nee of tLe tops survests

: A «t‘ L‘ : 4-1 — .‘ ,1 - J-
tHUL c1 tee trenslocetioL of tocse elenert: ce1eee b5 the

The reletioneLir of tLe veierce of the ions to the degree to
whinL tLeir eccurv1e tion in the leLves we: effected by the d1 °¢eaee

AL'

wee ot oLserved in tLis experiment.

2. Or5enic contonents

e. CerboLySretes
TLe cerboLfCrete contents of the heeltLy enfl c‘éisereed olents
groper in teLle 19. The Lee1tLy leaves, stens, ani roots contained
19.01, 1° 35 percent of tLe totel, ecifl hrlrolyseble

cerbohya etes in tLe or" r.tter. TLe percentere of carbohyfiretec in

the diseased r1ente were 1.7.1é, 19.16, end 12. 40 percent in t‘e qe leaves

stems, end roots re"rective1r. These values inéieete thet the infected
roots contained more C? *boL"'ro+en then did tLe healthy roots. The
on the accumulation of car—

onnosite effect was produced by the dieeee

(D

\-

‘.

bohydretes in the leaves end steee of tLe tehrccc TlTitg. The gene
fects ere {rd iCthh in teble 22 where the ratios of tLv .e ccrbo;"cr.tes

in the diseased plents to the amounts in Lee tLv lalent: are regerted.

TLe virus infectf; on great aced th seitie qualitative effect on the

'5
L}.

(+
L’)
H.

n the different perts of the tobecco plants

F},

accumulation of totel
as on the cerbohydrete content. Table 19 shews that the heeltkr lea es,
stems, ano roots conteired 7. 81, 3. 39 and 2.34 percent crude fet in
the dry matter, respectively. The cor‘eeveueifir fat contents of the

Gisceeed plants were 5.93. 2.95. and 2.h7 percent.

c. Eitrogen
TLe digppged 1_e~vee 9:1 roots conteinet mere totel nitrogen t1en

. ‘1.- - 1,: 1,- - a.- t- 1
did the Lee1tLy correcyoea125 tissues, w“_1e the diseteed stems con-

- r \n -= .v- A n \— J‘ . -: ‘- —
t“ined 1e~q TLe 1et" ere p-0eenteo in t“ le .0. 1 e perccflt ritrobcn
O
in tLe leeve", ster 9“” root(1 of Leeltfl" mlfirte “or b.27, 2.oO, end

‘ —‘ ‘fi":“\'t . —— I“! -q:‘- q -~.- ,-
3.67 reefiective1r. The correegofleiLL percents ee o1 Liuto en in the

‘. g _ .- .1 J- . , r, r:/ w A 00
fiseeeee leetee, stems, 91: roots here L.7;, 1.,0, are < 1e percent of

q
‘

311C '

A-
O

in the
10

GS
L‘
L.
.3
'.

09?.

n
(..

o‘.

r CORCCfitPP—

1e
3e

1

"1

C

GCI‘C‘? 5'7 F:

t.
fi--
1
..

~
’1
by
q

.18
J-
U
Pf“
ire.

..

‘fl
--9
7.!»an

Q
'|'\‘
0--

”,4.
.‘,‘-'. (l

L
Put

‘ - 5-4.9.;
‘;

kg
0“
r

ore

C1“
.3
COI‘
trcv
. F
tx‘

l

O
1“
-_‘
v
-5,

J- --
urO" O"

0
q

totrl
root: tfie
. 1' 1—‘n .
1... OJ. Clbr-n-
.1‘ . I.
to to :i V
O Q
1n tne 1

11

_.
(1
_---
o
-
‘_.A-

",'n row

‘9

'5‘.‘
H
t‘~
s!

t
0

081

V

‘.-II
.0

.L

”13 ,

cPrEoT

5
tr

I
"

at

P

1
“CG 0

rat

I

C‘.
.,

“ (Jfin
P t\lq€.

.ag A.

vs
0
‘
(’LL
0

.
-‘.LA.

(“'4‘-

\ '-
an
1-‘

‘

0"!”

5

I“
\4
E?

q

I. l

\o-

a a 0‘9‘
PT“

iCGRVE‘
19

g
L‘
O

.L
u»-
o 10

(N

re?

the roots
stev

-') COI‘I"

l
\

J.
L

W

-s

5

g

.3

hermi

O

I
q

ant
( __

'1

.‘5

hr.)-

n6
“d.

I

”319

4.
U

0
34
-$

1

NP

\

i -

O
r": v

5"

(”“0
AN.-

0;

I” "'*":t " SC*’S SIr'I

‘ V o -4. ”2...“... JJ...

TF9 fievelnjnent of the tobe eco rwo sic cisenne is acconfeniefl
By *rnnoureed ““"°*rlcjioel eieturbrrcec in tge flent. The n.ture
of theve inEuccd eonnrmelitiec i? reléted to tne virvc narticle it-
ealf, to t‘e rhyeinlor" of tFe hoe”, anfi to tfiw
mert in which the jlnnt i? grevinr.
y e publ feze1 date 3 tPe nettre of
ecxe of the -iscre penciee in the revultc obtained T.

- o . n?.’\\_ a o c o .
ghtore wee tee rev1ev of t":d (1;~3;. T310 CTlfilC?1.T€VlGW 9”“31a,izgt

m .- 1 ~ .- n .. ., 1‘ F:
cytop1a5m or of it? Nexurn:_vn Us a reselt of the u1eeese.
“m1 trnt tJeJAAu1u_cn 1

condi';cn 3 under vkich the elente were frown x-. ere of prime " imyortence

in verifying the efzects of the diseese on the ebnorrtion of nutriento,

3 1- A ‘_‘____ -. can, 7 1": a. ‘ ~' ..~ a a, y -o J-~- ‘w
arm tL;€‘:rr .9. Su $1..+/,_t$7t 51 30531018 I.CC.-..f‘1. 8.31 J ..-i 1. tuCSu alsu.,1o_'1nces

were br @"ht gamut.

Th neture of the éieturbvnces in the accrnv atjon f 7100“”or”°

in t?e c49’erent fractions differed 1-nder ( fferent nutritiénrl coudi-

N _¢
.. 1- ‘1 .. , 3 L " '-
tions. The totfll TJCCEJCPuS, exyreeeea 99 a percentege c: tee dry

. o r: .‘~ ' o A -.. o . q ~' ~ .L fl ‘
t19¢he, wereesee ugen t‘e file nt 9 v93: ¢roan 14 $011, onU accrersed

¢$\—'
1. - ‘ L ' - - .3 ' ‘1.
vhen the elrnte were grovn in nutrieLJ solutlonv. 1;-“ snows tgflt

the e’poct of the diseede on t e 9333"“1rtion o1 totvl tncsi-

‘fik.

.L.

nok
“ tfie eieeee. iv"€lf, out t1 at it éepenEO‘

wee en intrin91c foeture o;

\J'I
[pa
0

.t.‘

on the n9 ure of t -e scarce o;

(+-
"J

I. .2 ‘. ~.‘.
1e .v9119ble psosu10rus.

V .. ‘ . ‘ . . - Q I" r ‘3 ‘
The inorsahlc 91C 198 1le esters 13C30ufi€d in reooect to toe Cr?
.. It

. . . "Qq- ~ 0 . f .n‘ ‘
veiglt 1n tee ylaiis éroun 1: so1l, Out cec3e9s ed tlm ,1 nts grown
- .1.‘ .- m~ ... -.'- m, . . .
in nutrient SGlLthnS. inere role s1gn1f1cant 9 cunts of phosrhorus

in tFe form of 19bile esters in tke plfints grown insoi1,b11t only
«5.

trees-s vrre fo*1C in those grown in sol“ti ens. Consequently, a

comperison of the effects of the Ciseose unCer the different conCi-
tions we: not rosrible

Although the analytic Cet9.frr the rec.istnnt estess ootoired in
experiment 1 did not check 93 closely es mith be desired, the data
do show thet the oerczntoye of egos horts in tzis form wrs less in
tile er: rntt er of th 3:19nts grown unCer both nutWIi ionel conditions.

'1

The percentage of phosthorus in the regional esters increeeci unCer

;W'
H
(D
L)
'9.
5
H

both nutritional conditions. Since tle resistent esters en
esters were the only fr9 cticns of phosphorus which were effected by
the di eese in the s91e m9nner rnder the Ci ferent co Citio ms of
crlture, it may be assumed that the disturbences of these fractions
are intrinsic 09‘11Cs of the c11se9scz.

11.ct;on, representing

The increase of the residrrl phosfiuhortg

the phosphoproteins and phospLolioids, at the eroonse of the resistont

“ . V ' " 'I ‘l 7 q‘7' "’ fl ‘ n. 'Y‘.’ ~. 1“ ‘- 1
esters tion, Cfileflg'IW%fllecean1-tfl¥ tie neloseghosgnx‘tes.ane
.J 1‘ J. 1': J. L1,, ~°.. :3. .L
trioseooosmmves, 1,1-01'3 “.9. {1.9 (-1‘69"? feeiliu" WC tie o to 0.1.

the residue phosphorus compounds 9t the expense of the resiston

esters fractioe. Since it is known th. the tobacco mos9ic perticle

55’?

a5“. ‘

,1 1. a t -3 (1.1 1 .1 1.1 11 1 .
ccndms o1 n11.03113.13‘otei11, rewehrn ed 111 uhe roe-i: 6‘21 -1 m-os~3:1oras

L. . ‘- v ‘9' .“ “.vn L‘fi ‘_1_'. v. " ‘ . ‘ '. v. A. u . L 1
frecvion, 11 sec 3 yrcurule U1Pt v.8 ,1ee,1orus incosgoretee in uLe

O ._ L O O . fl . O L ." L‘A " O '1 Q ‘_ -
Vir.s :9rvicle lS srfiriicd to 11 b_ u1e monoseccchnr11e Dnosjkete

n. - 3.3,. J- " , :3 - . 1'.....° '« ‘I. Y‘ x .
111e 001-091th 1.1.91, t1.e mummc 71‘1‘1C;e enters 1 12:19.1 t..-e __.-.rzosp:.orus.

atilized in the forrntlon of the virus perticle implies that those

1

- c 1., x 4‘. n .2 -1 -
tISFUC” 1 t1e u1scese1 p1 new e; 1
*0

‘- l. . ‘Q ,a -. A .- L“ '. - Q“! ‘fn ‘ ‘- \&
arr-1.99 1- {31-9. ret1. of whe rrc1a 1:31 to we bowl 3 3011-01110 are we

w - - w . ' A“ r ‘ . ‘ ~‘ " . - T‘" v- -.
ss3~ invo1vci 12 t?e rs r hd‘c_1on of 119 V1rLs. 11nminnti.n of

C’-
:x
(D
P .
"J
c f'
’D
'1
(I)
C)
"5
(+-
C’
I- \J
(O
D
O
C“
-.*
C’)
(0
r l
1*“
0
:v
0
. J
'75.)
D
3
I”
,2
(‘1'
0
r3:
”.3
v
(I)
O
O
0
U
to
"a’
("
DJ
P
L:
(’-
:f
(D
}_.l
(D
'1)
d
0)
[’2

as J... _ . “- ‘ I, v \. 0 ‘-
viru s .“TbiClCS aic fOlJGQ in t_e roots as 1911 ac 11 tge leeves.
"" . ' Q ‘3‘ :w- ‘- -. . v 7‘ L: ‘ V” . 1-_ C
T; feet that V1r F r01TDouu103 oc;urs on‘y in acv1vclg mutPuCllZ-
' - -' 1 .: ”n 4-10 -‘ “41'4”- ..:. u- 4- 4.
in; cells is not inconuisuent 11t1 V113 u0"91'111uv, .1nce hue vowel

0 a 3 I 1
nuxber of 9113 in tre mrris tCL€th Pre“e of 311 tne root: probfisly

Q. I: Q. 4-“ ~ 3 - L‘n 2‘.- —C‘ L.-\ 2 P. . '-
91cced 1n member u1ose fauna in Due t1g 01 1e growinh stee.

The posit.ivo corrclrtion ohserveu tetveen t‘e ir CFG°C€ of he
\
T8815391 ? O"“’O““ frfict 1.0n end totnl ?hosvficrus ices net exist

' ‘1 ." . ~ - J3». ‘ 75-1? 4- - -. .3" 4- " 4-
between res 15U01 ngSUflorLS end .10 c9r001 1rfiu< , 1eus, Phfl towel

<f-

rogcnl Thie oituetion indicetes the c~eecie1imiortence of en

|
.1
l

1 . 1 . : 1 \‘1— - -1 -- w. r.
“Pecuate svvjlg 01 2h»ro:r1nte ‘pncs: W118 hro¢3s n u1e procees of

virts formrtio1.
”‘e 6.9 t? concc “’ " te_e Pfiounts of inoréenic cenetituonts in

fi-.. --‘:q.

the tiSé“ee of hea‘thv a?“ diseased Tlents exhibit striking differences

Kn
' .)

'.. L. -- ‘-~“' - 0‘ ~-" . 4'.~ 4". 'nCJ- :L. R- a‘. . - ‘ e ‘- :q
1; ufli l 11" {rov1 u1eer Due uTC n-uriuielcl co;:1t102:. CCTu91£

u , 4' 1 .1“ ‘ r. 9 o ~s .1 o . ' ‘- v- 4‘,- - g 4- A
(F L11" .un- ,C I) (-1 Tr), l‘O‘LJj ('ka 11". Dr“ J__ (I , I ;-'. C'r\-C1‘ U0 (‘.1 -1991116 U-1“¢€

WA q ‘- .- 1“ A? a L.~ ‘ - . .M ‘ .L‘."‘ 4'
11eceun in t 115 ‘ c“ ul9t ogl' +'o n11cr9l " tr11u1rnue

..-‘ '1'1- ' . '.. ‘ . L! ' ‘1 :v... v «LL . &' '.?
-1n Jive- P3 1xcreecr- concentrfiulon 1n t-e err neeucr of v39 (19-

eQPPW leezwfi~ of “l9zfi9 {tfir'iij i:.soilu (5:910 contoruttts'wcre 306'11:
an” menfi92ese. The concerfir9tiozs of the rtnrininf nvtriente vere
500909903. T19 '9*“ 0'c07 on file ‘1?1t9 rrr“ in "olutio: culfi3re¢
Chev that all cenfititunnt",CPlclete F" UFTC?ZtT"C¢ o? the 0“" mettwr

.9- I‘L‘. 9‘ ." . '- ‘ ‘fl‘

11csense1 *1U; t1e c1ceet101 of nc1-Fneer.
.. .9 L' :1 -. . -~ n- 1. 3. «L- +- 1 : 1' ‘ 11:.
1he ck ta ior 123 3011— ,r3*:1 :l(;t~ i11ur rave a n q1t1vr rel 110;-

th. Hr-‘fi ‘. - .~.Q ““ . . JD. ~_ .‘F-s 4‘ ~ - +‘ -r "r\ I. ‘- "I

:1- e t-e c... rec of we (1:713:31. --c'- 9.31 ”-3.0 Ml _ -CC 01 v-11.

' < .7 Wu H L’ -~ .7 ' K J- . . .-- ‘ pm .- I‘ ’3'

10-1 cor: 012-01” 111-; rijiuio-x4-1‘1liluuwtc: \L- le--c - 9-1 311-? 1? $1 L;L:-

“ .' ~' .3 r . ‘u x . v. ’1 9‘ . 9 .. I. J o.- a 3 v-
tur1bnce or t1” -1redss 13 not CllkeJt 1; t1c -Ft? OPSCL on .19 Dlfiuts
7‘ v9,“ .'- 9"w4’ . n-L fr'fi .
broad 11 .1ur10.u ec_-t1orn

fin \f":‘\ fl 1. ‘Jy
.L y-IK‘ALCC .A.-1

F3
'13
(D
“7
O
O
J
1
(D
’ §
»—J
O
i i
c I-
Ho
Q
‘3
r
!'\J
’1')
I‘ J
H.
d
P.)
(+-
yJo
(1
O
,5
’3
fl
J
| J
( 9‘
} J-
S“
Cf
H-
r‘
1
")
’34
H.
M

L

the die t 1r3ence: of tile em; orfition and a.ccum le.ui01 of Die nutrientg

“ t1 tn”" “lavL «w w:«- 1; r "‘ 1’ “*4e4 ‘0 11; ' “fig“;p1
J.‘ ‘19 J DC~CCO ‘.‘ L é-US E.-l- 0" ~&-:- . ILAK e. I le C. COA-(‘ .. V“’)I—‘L) (.vn'.‘ 1n *..ka4 J. ‘1

cf“

Ho

culture? sufre t thrt the hur1ioloqicrl urofilem of outa1ninr nutrients

c --.

id ciIferent vs€er t.:e e tvo 0010111099.

. ‘ . ‘ ’1 __ . _-‘ _-\ .‘ ‘ r-A I‘ L‘. . An '
c911" enerrec soil c01101c¢ 9nu nuet tau:.1OJe .tmuV1 U10 ions 1ron

~ 0 ,' 1: '.-_--1 0. ~ 0 _ ‘ ' ‘ 4-.-~' $- “ J__o
an electric £19 a, rulle 13 solLtion caltarcs unlfi PfihGCu of ausorhuicn
‘ - ~' - ‘ 9“ L'A‘ . - Q - a" D.“ u .
is afirent. In otuer acres, naeorfig1.1 of 1018 by 31.nte 99091-; 1n

soil is affected by “rotOhlesmic frctore of ficrfienbilitr and ace“rul't13n,

‘

q o w 0
end also by tnc electrzc proolem ifiooce; extem ”1 by the soil
1'1 ° . : - -. . ‘ . . 9. w -- .
coi-;01t 3. Ir. colttiun Culture-1‘, 1 tl.e otnm 193-1, the c-.tcir9l
‘- “- ‘- ‘IA' -- 3 v- -. -- 9 “a: -v . rfi 9-“ vv .-. Q
electric :thlCM is JLHLJLZCJ. It 18 rUPS”hPL19 to asruue, tieze-

fore, thet tLe 059erved diff9retce9 in the effectc of the dieeeee

on the eteorption of nutrients on

Troblen involved. Since the effect of the diseeee on blante grown
in soil cen be correleted 51th the val e1ce of the i315, J1t not no
vith 9’99t9 99ovn i1 scluti m1, it seems l9jic9-l th9t t9e virus diu-
e9cc P99 alterci tfie Poi _ity of t e 9l9 .oroi:.3 cells to compete with
the electricel forcce cf the soil col oi
One ray 119 wenfier whet ere the chergee tl9t t99 xi us 6190939

.. . 1 . ‘\ ~r ’- a 1 v- “'8 " 9‘ " ‘I- ': ‘ . ‘
inchcc 11 t9e Arqtep,99n oi t1e CLCqu_If cells rilC‘ cltcr trci

. . . 9' V -‘. : 79. - ‘9‘ -s A
re‘9‘99993‘e to tfe electriccl tug—of-wer irwolve; i1 rawrvin; 1919

 

 

 

 

 

 

lg ;::3531 :;_799 _§;;_99~":c tFet tFe electric Lyca rt; 2; the cell
colloife E99 lc9n cf?cctrfi_§;;t“e 6i999ig. The 119"oi;9ble result of
91? 019199 i9 the etete of the erotcele9ric colloi‘e on th‘ over—cl
:hcn r Lat 9f Jermeebility, tr9191ccrtlon, 93‘ eccuruletioJ rcfivcecntc
one of the moct fundementel cff9ct” of v'9‘9 ti9999e on 191t .

V. SUIT} P? ATE CO"CLUSIOTS

O L! _. fl “ o o_ . ‘ ‘ -. ‘ w - ~ ‘ '7 .9. 1
1. he? 51-rzuuxlmosnlc lgfc-cte- hlhgbc Here wrflhfltAL or 5131:
r‘ . L: ~~ - I: .-. -‘- .9 A‘AL . HL! ~-. m‘ A -v . ~\ A ‘ '\‘-\L v- '
co: 15-04? ask 11 gfltri AU solhu;04°. ng r.r o'<;r c anuu gate?—
' . -- .c' . 4. 1- * ..‘~ ' ' - -. - -A "i M...
197 'fq nurl :95 ;33 your- 5 4,51110 ,cnlOW"- Tiff'-0"€, ‘; 38*um,

V‘Tfilfifififi-f‘lfit Act “(a (q-‘fifiLfi‘fl fifiz‘ (1“.."0' tr P.“ f‘. C' r~ -: ~Ifi 1 w ‘th‘fi. n-fi
13.5), LLLJ~ (7' L u e- .‘ , I‘O-uw UL’ .L-L: -a..-O».1 «Kip .f C _~ 1.4-. I‘ , I'. h 4.; w’. __ ’)-;\1\‘1 ). 01.5.: ,

1-fi~r19~ 1v-" 7“ n- .\ . --.-‘ “-04-. W“, ." ~A‘L -. ,5 J- 4-r‘ . 4-“ . w~
totNI 5,556 ,4?v-e cranmLL‘h‘ Us, ..1 C 5:”, Rah 5045* LluLO‘ a.
A m“ ‘a '1 $- ' - '- K ,— 4. ‘ A.“ L- : ° I—H‘F- ' L ‘ .5- - —~ I' a J- .
z. . ---€ 1" . F ulOLS -l to L u’.’ _- v-3." - 4. .. '5 “’ _ u “--3" '1’: f r‘ .1. F , v1“--‘:

, r. ' ' P J-‘- . - , L ., - .. . 4. . -- J" .. 4.7- a o'. '

‘ f' ’ hr“ ‘ .. n s A o ., war

.L..\-"C V"; our “L“ ’7 ‘0‘” 1' we k.J ')O--J:..'iu Sf‘C‘FCT“ l, .LUL u-lC 1012.1." 4': 01‘.

3 4-‘ _. A ~ h L: ~ , -‘ --§—‘. - '5. Q a an A ‘ , q 4' 4- .L ,
o; L5-0 V” “ fl ‘fi I'u_c7x s 15‘s L4 1'65 '¢*o51 t-wfi r r“‘~ L- t 71-02‘;5 we ck_u~r~
T""'- T“0 “W“ a; K" a“ 7“ (‘I‘V‘W‘fi ‘1 ’7 c " r~ 1‘nvn n ~"1".z‘\¢"‘"~‘ n 4‘ r~ " ~ ' h nr“*“\nc~"‘-“"— J‘ ‘

_ L ). ’CR‘LA-UL\-- L}, - LLC‘; -.I\J- ol. 0 Loni V C ' -a;—-.J n C 4—- z ‘ -—.r U ._O , U1 1 \J Q » )—...J s.’ I‘l— UK ,
wrwo~~‘-~' fl 1.: fij~r~ ~-\ \n fin fir-f‘ raj wvn,\7q‘. f‘ on; f: ----‘r‘c~‘ an o'- _ - q GM ~~-~J— (-‘J‘
’3 -V ?C_(. V -J_ , c - L,._. r -..\ J-_\/._ _. u‘. 4. 5: (“.0 - J...

. -v-\ - QQ-fi . . E‘ :1 fl " ' - ‘ -.- . ' “ ‘
revlrjr.7 n 13¢ uO-CPnfio. , rrwreevntoh J! JI‘CW ohrotelnc {AL

V

v?c vooitivclr fclstefl to the lrvels of the totfl

a
‘- 5“ -... . "J... 4.‘ .. nu ‘. - -.J.' . I .1”; ' _. ‘5-.-, J. .5 1-
77:33 “4’31"; C'3.ZCG.-_p;‘('7 ulO;;. Lin? 3‘ :O‘JC‘ : .ICgulO_".Qn. 1‘6; >VlO:_¢.L.;“‘C “ ”1‘02. __."
. m.-. J- 3 L' 4L «L. v . 4L:- : . L3 -.q .1" '.-, -~ 4- -?-- J- 7.- - ' a '-
9 ‘7‘ ,’ 97‘? up: wilt“ v 5419 $.71 v.1. 71..C(“>. u-'.C-'. O“ V11" ‘T0 u€.'..". UCO.’ 7711‘C9 l]; t--

activo7" rotvbolwvinr cells of the “oot 9~ well ac in t car o: g«
”rfivinfi bgoot.

? The Pb?0?‘t103 tfiannlocrti‘: r25 accrnul ti<n of tho C'tionv
C. infection 0; 73113.". 5"1“O'_-'_7'.2“."

,a- a. ~ ‘
1¢ere ?;LV‘Ctn€ r Lf“¢rr“t7:r;r' t”? if 2.

.° .- 3- ' J. “4. ' - . ('n‘1 - ," , -5. .0 ‘5 ‘ .1 .. "..-..
in t‘o so'l 34‘ 1n :gtrirLU €01AU10L3. LHU up sec 0; tJQ (firtLrJnhce

rJ- .- ‘3 ’ ‘n \ ‘5‘ ‘ A L: -. " "‘ “ f- ' .’~ -‘ —“’
lave; to tne maleficc o5 tJU 09-53_c cone 3595. $51» ucnce of age

. . - ". --- :. 4.2.5 *1 5;. .- . °. .-,..1. : .&- ‘L' .
VFli‘ilCF 7.3“ I-Ct OCE’CM {'7 1.3. .4. '. w-‘P‘U'P ' "7“ l7 iu‘;C-Zu “01“ 910.251.

kl

U1
C \

27cm of “n “Vflorhiug cel‘d with bur eléctvicrl forays rcsiuing on
.49 :UIche. of the soil 00110152, it i“ .Lyjcrtrd thrt t1? d’sturhe‘
pbvorwtf.¢ of C"tints Ey tohbcco W-ant. grow: in soil regulted from
an altrred electr70?l atPtc of the gratotlfirmic coll 15:.

b. The crg¢13c Cumfionctt. rcyrnsrnfcl F; c9r¥ohfdrfitg, fht, Pad
totrl nitvogon rc¢3onded differently to the mosa*c disefise i- the

-- ‘ a .55 . . . fl-ar‘ .--~ 5A“J"§ ,
lqnuc STLR..JJI "311 r5u 1...--.41 5

mt, ‘-‘/~, r-~ - v -~~ .- ' -\,“ ‘ .v "- ‘ “‘ n L 1 3. s ij .1 -. \fi fi ‘7‘ .,J" — <-_-‘,~-’ or,
5. 3.. .C‘ U -CU L‘Lv I‘L‘t: 1:”. Sum 3; "at," u-.- -U Vr.L.L‘ 5:} \.l..r'=( r 9C“) .1)" 0.1.7.21L.'.\~.Lu1
~ - v- 1 .. w . Lv- . t“ La~ ' -- .J- -- 1 H .1 -: r‘ s w” -: -L v _ R‘N -‘ Qfi ya (‘1 '.
fl ltLl‘ the YJCI‘..;CI‘ 3.}.-1 .a', U... U--':‘: C. U‘ . -u ‘.;..x , U]. .L .L ufj 4..‘Q...Jl . 1.9.0.- , L794»

vcr;flcd.

\w
-J
C

1"? 'l' T'fi‘“: c H's—f)” VM'W".
‘ 4. ALLA-“5.45.; --_1 4.. ..
q 3 L- a A_’\"I - 1 q o 1 L a‘u o a. . .
N" v ,‘ fl {1% ‘.~ fl -0 Q- -~ Q ‘ - ‘-‘-a «$- ’w‘ ‘ .qj' .‘A‘. ‘_.‘ -
‘4» O... I wit: . 0. UL... -1.C-‘.~_».J.. 4‘1341 -Cu -, ‘J'.‘L:‘~',l d.-{ .L‘. ‘43. I... *CLh.1 2.4.,b. t0; up V..\IC
w Ln 4 'f “a w - C a fi- w a: “L”. n n anhr
AL;eU_-O\.‘.S O P-obk :]__ 5:1“. Lt*l ~‘... I'FCPI-_L.'_‘L.\ LIL/1-, ‘J. V. , L/‘[’\.
A . *‘ “a _ 3, J. J. 0 ,0 w 1 ‘1 o --\o ~
1‘4 -- . ," A ‘:.'3 a ”‘7‘ fl .4" s-q .- ~fi ".‘ .u - - r.- _ . .,
Alden, S. -. :u»:;“a.- f--L.;.-= LA 5.r-Lf sce5.-103. J-ocn.g.
. “fir? nno a “/ n~~
' -. o .. ‘ .—
‘Ili . 2 ‘J., 1‘J( f; 1 4L. .L/ J/ .
- 01 V “W H F. -. .L . -.. .- 0 .4..- .0.‘ r p o 01
“'5 - i‘ ,. " '- \ ‘A w _O"| H ‘v‘ 3~ ‘ _. A: ‘4 ‘n- «a. - _
.4 14.6,; ’ *4. 1'3. -5 __".T‘.'1 LI (3.- CO‘A1«..C1 v.3 l .5. “CK: .¢.C.L‘~LC. .f‘.--~.- .L “in. lClU.C?.
. . ~-! _0 p . o .. -I o a _ r ‘ o 0 V L Q'f
6 & II .. Wr".,~ . 7‘“ J- . ,. 1 'f‘, r 1 ‘s .. ' n-.. I" m. c 0' . -\
Pu-l‘ u ‘4-“ ....L ;-(- ULO .1 Of .. --Ck C' .LL..1.\.«_ ‘~ , ..‘..‘.-.L_:" C...L-(- .‘T‘ , 9 -JC. 0111. .4373.
,3" /f'\ y-q C
c1 9 13.1 £55.40? -_1fi’. 1’7’Xi
VU' . ’ .- -_ . kJ'V../ ~ J'l I . / ‘ .
'r! w H C “-1 “ 3 ," 0 1 '1 L‘. "
>4 o- ' '3“ P ““ '3 . 7" Q ' ' ‘ '
untuon’ ‘1 . O :L' “‘.U X 35* 'rIPCg “*1“.-- i :r-‘-\T (—ictépgo. Ilr‘ U‘lpm, {“6199}. ’
* A l ”7
L. S. O 9“,).
w 'V o ’ v~ 1 ,0 -v Q. . - r--
A o ‘ r~1 "- ._ _xoh~ - .O J ~05 9-105 1 - _ fl ‘1 -- A
‘J'Jlu'.-nv,—...C~ , -... ’ v- ‘-Li!t - , . , r= -:-‘ .LL, H. ..9 , < -- IA...L'i/_-v’ . Axe
{‘1‘ L .0 VQ-F : ‘ fl: \fi OQ~ 9‘ 5L”: Qq ‘n . ~qg ‘— .4
o..nc.1 o. UQ9-L u 3. Se -' n 061...“ e ~bv1; prc<5cuz 15
L1. J- ‘ . x~1fi~“' ‘--«- .t...-‘I v-1 “1H?" “’1'
.J__€ UOJF‘CLHD J'I ~.‘ 1;». 1‘..--.. 4. .11., . .J¢U-—. 0.04.0 , ‘1. 1 'li'.'.
I
’5‘ ‘ ~ ‘ M‘s ‘- ‘fi g- : -'—‘ _—s r. .. HA '5- —1 -‘ 1‘ ‘~--,r. \Q * v 5 ‘ t‘\ . Q Q (s L . .-
HngLfip’ A. n. .. C.‘ L10»; ....... ‘43.; '-..:. ; -fi... CH ;‘u'J.-. y-.. ‘n U735. ’ 9.1:- ”C 1 A].( Ul‘. e
. .1. ‘ ‘ .. van ‘- . .' . H '4' Q'.“ 1“ z. A_‘ 1‘ I: «.1. fi’yfl 1" ~ A *3 ’ --fi§ ‘7‘.- J-
1 (fl .36 OJ. I Cfiij- ~ U13“. 1... ‘4 -.. '. S .L.-- L V5"... - _-' -- - . $1.... 'J '3 '...... . .J‘J 'J g
n ' " ('7 A A
1 o15~-1. 1.Q
-‘ .' '," 1'. -‘-,’ ,’ .
w w - $0.. ,. ,1 ~' . .., $9 1" m -0.“ z. .n : ....~ 3.: -. 9 J.
4: 1f '1‘” A'J . “3‘9 91“.». -InC’L‘b ' £.. . a. -0 n.‘ - (3CD G. .L..'. CC vLC‘L; ‘1'.'.. .11.
‘- ~ A . - ‘ -- l. v 1 1‘ s . 4-‘3 --~ ~vn - - v ‘ 1QQ‘
.omccs m...~r‘1n, v 7.. ~ 0-. ’0 lower I.“— ~ 5,1--. I: PC It- 7

J. .. -1 ¢ ° L ., 1 ,7 1.. .3 - .. -
CrOuC?SC 955 pec.en?e 1n .ohpc o .e?vec 935 t.«-r 19:;0390 to

an “0 ‘

ferti.1:crs. s;ocnefl. Jaur. fijzljl—lf5. 1933.
H: tell, F. C. 97d Villprfi, H. H. Detnrmixfitio: 0. iron in b10105i-
cnl rfltvri"l:. Ind. “if. C-9fi., A;<;. Ed. lCle—IP. 19:3.
4:1, T. A. tad Q‘mcr‘yn, G. I-Iicro-I'Zfelalnil d-:3tcr::zl:‘.riti::1 '1“ 111330..- 62“..

. ~ *1- -. 1. .- .. ‘T‘J .’ A“ A?“ 1hI-A
1-11;. ‘4‘-..“ . C—-€_.1. , fikidlfil. hhi-Q 1“? : ---9-.: -—: T. J-/)"4-.

f’ PI
“I ‘1 .

.. . o
o 1.. e a!“ _
C . f T 71. t O .u 0
o .. fl 1% 0 e t o n .1 .1 .3
V. . T. . n M... 1 h e n S P t n.
.. . Tl‘ vr. .0. .. 31L» - ’11:. 0nd .14 u v. n. n ‘3
H m ’ 9 “IV.“ “I“ n 0.... t . “J4. .5. “R.” Hf. v _
.1. .V. n e 1. m... _ C; 1...
O “1. O “nu an.» .fil. c L n AV ~14... e
s x. P. «D ML 0 5L and 30* .1,— 2L. c LU O m
2 .,..... r. 9 "a F a... . C .L S n P
I 3 o e u 1 n. . n .1 n 2 m. .1 l
on. .1. 7* v Lu 0 /: O. 1, a «D 1; o n:
1 “ LJ .1 r .1 fl «.4. In... .1 w. H .1 1. P D S
. .3 r... O u “ . .3 O .. v t .3 a
I .. 1 * Cu 00 C .. (2 u .. .l a... I n
w _ .5 C .1 7.. /..2. .b «D 1 _ n... o n at. f
.1 S l P L o 9.... : ¢ C C a... C M .. O
.. u G; O :1— n O o «L r m.“ HQ 0..
S C 1 F 0 S. a . 6 t . .7 a. 1 1 e
.. n .1 S o O l .. O G t .1 C C S.
1 C . . . n... C. .1 C a. .l t . . .U
.1 . _ a. F O O h... r d C C . v. .1 .. _ l
.v .1 \4... C 0 H. u.“ n5 .1. a.“ 1,.— n... fig
0. a G . .. r .. J l .1 1:. e an. a- n... t z“ .. u r n
C r n 1 . .. . n I 1... 3 t O C O... C C 0 .1
a. F .l .u C t C .. .1. r... .t n u 1 8 C i n V
n. L V l a}. .1 n 1 .. . .3 o h a. 2 .. . 1..
a... H a... l O L .. P m ._ 1 v , 1... m 1,... t 9.. m. C o
. I S m. r C P. S . _ . .1 h V 0 V
e l 0 e a... U. T .2 n t n n .. a... 8 a t .1 u b.
l n... A. . . "L .h .2... n e A 11 C O o , .1 . a... .1 O2
.0 n4. . . O n . t C. P .L P 9 r r» 6 C A m: 1
a... 1.. a... D. 1Q n d Tu u c. r... .l o. a... .l .. . e
0. . . S 0.1. n n... o w.“ n/ F. 5. i e «d
.3... w. o... «f 9.. 0 0.,“ Q N.“ o 3:. C 1 5... C 0 u. o
n . . . s n a . F e w m .3. r .C. c f C 6
I l 1; u . n1; .. 1.. .1“ m . n C - . C _ fl... 3 on. (U.
. I. r l A. . . l .3 . _ .0 . .1 . n n l C h
.1. I. u . a. .. G .1 C . nu n... 1 .1 O l d O _
x. _ a o M. H :J . 5 1:. G . a o O C a... O T O/
C K C n- l . O D 1 u . a P w.“ .l n. .. C n u ._. F... C a
.5. .L r) O A w u D O . m“ n... m .. O f .3 h
f u. .4 fix r C n -H m. V . V... t a a .U ..
C to n( l C O 3 t ’ 0.. .W J 1‘ u 3.. 0 w“ 01 IFU
,2... l .1 C. l r L l a . I r. a O n L .1. .T /C
2 l I i 3 1 O C a... n .u. u P .. . _ m a,
. v o .. . ”C a.) . .l .a. O at“ .U C +v t r o r m
.1 .0. I... . J o h... n. V “a. 11. T. r v... v .. u .1 n. A.“ n. C .
L u o .. u n. - C 1* 1;... D.“ r t 1. G . ,1. .1 a- wO .C. L .. t .1
C mu 9. a; n0 2 w u 8 1 ._ 9 V. .3 o u . . .1 I s C c. C
r. . a w. e. S .5 n u . 1 n I. S P a. M U o e .C. T. S
s. w a; o «A C o C n 7C. P 1.1. w . 1 C n .
1 0 9; p o " ... a: u... .1... A. a-.. 0 all. d I Ce L. u by l
r 1 7 F . . t. n r ,.. .1 a h l n . u 9 i v p .1
..: .. S . . n r .. L. n... u r m r l r .. _ Q
L V U... o o w. R .L a A» C u f S o .1 P L... .. u S
e - H.L. w. .. a“ . Q fin. o a. L O o o owL L v .. «C
D o r .1. o C an at r.) J 1 o .. .3
c. «D O 9 RD W-“ l .s . «i o n O . O o C 7.- o .L e o
I u. * r ~. n . “L 0 v Ar. — O VD «.1..— 01 A. ._ J LU u «L
I n. o e o 9 ...L vrv n... R e v n. r J n“ 0d 0 . V.» «b a.
N a. C .u .. . .. p S a. n .. v w... 9 a.“ 7 .. V a S .. . a Q. t
.. u a. 6 u A . a“ q. C h .. 1 V .. s G r O (L S u .1 a.
.. C .. v u my. 3 r T” m 0 n .2 O 1 n S m P. m 1 C; +... m
1.. u r o... a.-. 0 w. n T C I
C at .. u wn-“ 6.. h... C v... an.”
0 3.. .1 C t B m n; t
e .I. e ow-.— .l a , O .0: O

T.‘
$
P
1‘
Ah
'0
J.-
P.
R
H
D
C‘
k)
m
.L

t. .._ om

E’A

l
d/ .
1‘, V? Q‘s Q L o ‘1 f! v. 1 w 0' I ~ + J-
’ . - n a‘ I-— . ' .. fi-‘A .. r ,\ . q‘ i \ .—,-— a. It “n
o «o 9 '4" y.‘-, 0 a; S - o g I --\~ 1.1. 5‘... ’ In 0 n o 01C»; Can U LI: L' *1“. :0; ”1:11
~ 1 _ o -. v ‘ r’ at“? A H P
6-,A_r1 is“ b‘ ; r. §* , a \_ “A 5 “fi‘. .- r<31 q 3 1 I Q 1 - .- l 'J
\ --\4. A. ~_: ....L/C\J. ‘) l-.'~ L4--. ‘J -- 'J.‘ . “VJ. . J- t- 5.). $2.; I -"7 . 9],.4.
V. RH.‘ ’T". o.—. “(- T * ‘ “fi fi“‘ “‘ 'rq In L " ’V‘ ‘- . - 2 54 1‘ n ‘-‘
-5. .'-. h_-\,-. 3-? .',--._.'.J ’ “on ‘1. L‘» . JOY-t. \, 1" Jr? nrO\LL\C ulO--. .L;- lLC('lt1.-J’

Cer‘““‘b1

l-‘ .-

In::ci:;;.

TI‘ ‘ 7‘ "‘3 .
- munn‘r, J9me . Lie Trotelna of

,, '71. .3: . ”9 ;~_ 4‘. .L -,_ .0 -..-\ '

'ké. III uJ_w‘LCC o; hue ‘3rnrv1 n 0‘ tobacco mvalc

4. : L L1. .... x ‘ :- .\ ° - : .. '

VOL: kg Una e":.;»e 0* a main protCLn c X On“Xt 1“

-"‘r v~ ‘W‘fifi-u "I J’u‘QV’1 1"? 11 fl‘- -1 (‘figflh’ ”AA lfi'-"‘

LC .. C. "1.1.; ud. \Jk-w-O "J-sV—r. U-~~“‘. ”."3—.'LJU . ’.'/.

T5 7" -. ‘,.. t -. L: 73!“ -._“_ -- -'.‘£ ’ .V.

.. -ge LUFuTuCU on f C‘Muru gull b, OLILLZInf nz‘n.s.
-..-I- V‘ _O .0_ “ _ . O 1_J_ I" . O L |1_L _0 ‘ ‘

. f. —)P-‘ U. , :91‘fir‘] p‘—V —. , 1-1- G-.‘\-'. ’ c—J' Fl V? -‘V IJC..1‘ ‘fl

wonn
o Jugs/0

-4. - w: -J... - 1. _.‘ ,3 4.1- -3 - : 4.: i
‘t L9L:O..'.._C y .t‘nojena PY‘SOCl-fiuen- 1-4“ *1” S -IlfCCu_{ -~ n

. . /
tnt. 2nv:~~ 0'7””;L05. 19h3

L ’,.’I/|'

r-v: - : ,r ... ' ' r z. ,z ,3. - J-
. L. ;;o refifilrht;sn a; Mosalc 1n;ecuou tuohcco Diana“.

(in 3resc).

.mwpmaoppao an :H :upo

 

 

 

. H
na.wm+ ago. on mmo.o mmo.o mmo.o mHo.o omo.o 0H0 o amascmgc.H
mm.Hmu mmod Hwy. 040.0 mmo.o WOH.o NQH.o OHH. o nogH
mm.H + Hoo.o+ mmo.o 050.0 mmo.o umo.o mmo.o mmo.o ustom
wm.w u ‘ ow.ou rm.m mm.m mm.m mw.m ow.m wm.m aswomupom
a?.mmu . mu.ou m:.o ma.o mq.o Hm.o mm.u 05.0 :4,HU¢5 5H
am.oua mm. on dm.m mo.m mm.m on.m mw.m uu.m ;;H0Hoo
mu.muu am.mu oo.H a oo.H am.H mo.m mw.: HoonV «OHHHm
mm.mmn . :n.ma wm.mH m.mH om.mH .mm mm.«m uw.mm Haw“ H¢poa

thHmmH op mqucag 0» .054 m .pwm H .pmn .o>< N .pmm H .poq

0>Hpmep m>HpmHmp .IL .1l. unmSpHpmmoo
oomwhmmmHo moMmthmHm mo>mmg oquwMGH onmoE memA HiaHmom

chuuwapwm

 

.pwppmz mhd Mo cumwupuoopmfi um wmmuo:nhw .mmoHpHdLoo TH mHm
hound caopw mobme ooomQOp dopowmnH oHawoi war :ApHam.H mH m+nm +Hpc:oo HuoHCmgo .H mHHaa

4-»

v4.0

T9ble ?. Chemicnl constiuuente in herltky and mosuic infn
lnnves grown under field cnditiowe, excrecrcd 9
totrl ash. The total ash obtainefl by addition
conronents.

(i
of individual

 

 

Percegtage
Xosnic Difference Tiffercnce
He?lthy Infected rclnfive relative
Constituent Lerves Lervcs to Ferlt“y to heelt5v
/ .A o v
TOtCl 9a-; 1',.l:2 7.833 — 5.32 -!‘10.l?8
Silics 37.53 2.70 -2'.8 -6b.16
C31C‘ZH 28.11 37.52 4-9.51 +33.53
liegnpmtn 5.39 5.148 +0.09 + 1.67
Fotnvyirm 97.59 £2.50 “flb.92 +54.9-
Sediur O.h3 0.7' "O.31 +72.09

H
H
o
:5
r“) t)
O
i4 (‘0
H
O
O
k.) (7\
k.) kn
I
O
O
I"
O\
I
*4
\0
O
\1
Kn

(D

I
.mpgnnece

 

T2319 3. Chenicnl courtituents in h 91th? and nosric infcc tob2cco
rs, exyrcsuco 29 millieouivalents

 

 

 

 

7" 43‘ ~ T! a 9:
norlt v Leo'es thFiC In:ectcc Le9req
Constituent ‘ V ‘
Dot. I Bet. 2 A1: Det. 1 Est. 2 Ave.
, / I ,n ,/
Cale-111m 13/00 19200 101*. 1L2”? 13007 117'005
Magnesium 57.6 59.2 59.u 39.5 35.4 35.0
Potpcgium 93.6 92.1 92.9 85.2 85.2 85.2
o /
Sodlum 2.39 2.57 2.48 2.39 2.01 2.50
Iron1 . 5.91 5.b8 5.79 2.79 2.63 2.71
¢ 1. /
Iangono¢e 0.06 0.73 0.70 0.95 0.95 0°95
Phosihorus 30."8 30.89 30.83 31.66 33.59 32.63
Fitrogen« —-——- —---- 332.9 --~-- ----- 375.7
1 .
Ar ferrlc.
9
; As mrnfcnous.

.3 ' a
Average bored on five oetermlnttions.

00.0m+ 000.0.. 000.0 .00.0 000.0 . mm0.0 000.0 mm0.0 0000000020 H000Hmtm
00.0 1 000.0: . 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 --;u: 000.0 0000.0 0000.0m03
Nw.qm+ 000.0.. 000.0 000.0 000.0 020.0 000.0 000.0 0000.0 0000.0
mm.HH+. H00.0.. 00N.0 000.0 000.0 mmH.0 00H.0 00H.0 m00ogamogg 00000000“
still 311:: m.mOH m.moH .moa m.mm N.HOH m.Hm mmowpommm a“ annomnoosm

Hagen mo upw>oowp psoopmm

000000000 00 0000000.

 

 

-z--- 1---- m00.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 00 0000000020 00000
00.m.. 0H0.0+ 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 mam.0 m00-m 0020 00000
thfiwms on Apfimmg on .mp4 m .pmm H .009 .obd N .umm H .pwm
00.00 00 mp 040 . 1. .2 -
... H» r a mobmcn dmpoomaH ofigmox mo>0mn pmpflamm :Cfipompfi
monopwmwwm oouwhwamwm
mwapumopom

 

was hum mo mmmupmmopmn mu wommmppho
.mgofipwwmoo vflwfim gowns afiopm .mwbawH dmpoommfi cwumoa 0mm hmpfiaog ma chfipoqpm mwpcxguogm .a mflpme

 

Table 5. Ratio botveen phasihcruc fractions, bored on percentPges
in Ery mpttrr, of healthy and mosaic infectcd tobacco leaves,
grown unéer field conditions.

Healthy Noseic Infected
Ratio Leaves Leaves

 

Inorgpnic/Labile Esters ..12 5.83
Inorgpnic/“esietont Ectcrq '.02 4.79
Inorganic/Bosidusl 3.5J 2.51
Inorganic/Total 0.58 0.61

LPbile Ecters/aesigtant haters 0.525 0.81u
Labile Eeterc/Resid“?l 0.500 o.u26

Labile Es org/Totol 0.082 0.1ou

Resisthnt Esters/Residual 0.884 0.52h
Resistant Esters/Total 0.1L4 0.127
Residual/Total 0,163 O.2#3

 

u

13 sfia

q
-

5r.
.1.
-:e?7t

‘1

f mrttcr in

Q
'1
leaves grown vnuer f

fir:

"I
grrmn

100

o...“

 

d
e

3L.08
0.0171
0.071

IVCS

t" .
7
a

F

t

O o 013"?
o.u3

Le
0.0h25
1
0.169

10.25

OHS

O
1

-

1 Cat

-1

k

H

\

KzTotal Cations
valent

K:Fe

A

‘ .’

Ca:Total Cations
-n:Total Cations

fonovnlent:Tot
Divalent:Tot.

fionov9lent
1

 

 

'3

vder
Li.

.AL

1:“
of
Infecte

Leaves

c‘

H

‘

a.

LI‘O'V'Z‘l

by aifiit

‘
,’ .

cco lenver,

Leaves

//
J».

 

 

Ratio

individual count

.4

a) run 5 0 5 l 7. DJ 7- 71 (J l O r)
1L 11 L~ n1,1J A. a; ax,1J nsgay n. 12 nu h» n- L~ QJ «3,:2
it 1 v- 1 2 3 by O 1 2 l O O 0,. 173 9a) #3:... b, O
O 0 O O O O O 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
71 7.8 .33 0 02 10 06 37- 20 x38 00

5 0g /C 1 .r.) l

1. 1.
12

l 3 5 /05 CO n62 .41 D 1 Cu .Ah.
Q. 8 .l 5 3 7 1. w. 9 a), l O l l )4 no 7. 9 n. r)
6 Q/ 1 l a; 7 2 fly Au 0 5 C O a» 7 Q/ 7 a; 3/0 .1. O
O O O O O O o O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
«)0 51 )4 O O 03 O O 05 kw 1...? OO 7/0 O O

/O 0/ d/ O,Q/ c2

.1. 1

h .1. h h
S a“ S S
a a a a
1. 1. 1. 1;
n~ 8 ?~ n“ «2“ 0%.
. O .+ 0 t O t O t
a 2 Po L e .1 O a 3 n P. .1 0 mb 3 e .1 O n. e .l O
"I. C u...“ v... F S T C n... Y. F S T u. u.“ v. S T Y. F S T
.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 O. .0 .0 .0 .0 O. C. O. I. O. .0 .0 .0 I. O.
Rn?“ vhvn - V“ Vufib a P n a a R 9 fl 3 a “but um%b
w; v. v; v“ v. v“ av nu nu nu my um s» .u .s

d.

e

+. 1; (J-

C 9/0 3 l /O Q; 9 A...
9 Pd 0.... C r.) O A; /C flJ

fs 50 OO 01 9b
n e o o o o o o o o

I v. C O O O O O O O

n.

c n...

.1 L

no

3

.0.

”(y S LIV 1

53 G AI/IQ. l 1 Q... 5 A; O

t V 7- O O a... O n1 A»)?

1:. n.“ 1 O nu A.) O 3 Cu A;
an at o o o o o o o o

”m L n. O O O O O O O
.

0

RI..-

/n... W. h A... 1.
) 17 1' ill
d a. S a... t a”
C. a a a n 2
‘1 C
n ... l 1 l 1
1|. n n; 2 n... h... a.“ n...“
C O .3 O t ... v ....
n 0 e .1 O .1 O O .1 0
0 .1 F S T S T T D T
RU +v 00 00 00 to 00 00 00 00
(K 9.... m .3 yr 6 e 2 t .t

«f H... ‘r W. 7; «I O n E

1.; e e

o S 1 1L

7 Gr 9

V V

e O O

1 n n

«C. O 0

Hr V...“ U...“
H;

 

 

6

_..
u

o,bz

Divplent:Totnl ash

 

TPble 8.

Crude fat and total cpruckyfiret
tobacco leaves grown under fi 1
perccn ages of dry matter.

 

Constitue

 

 

Fats

Carbohydrates

 

11.52 11.2 11.33

P:
L)

O
\n
1

Healthy Leaves Losalc Infected Leavev

.nts
Det. I Bet. 2 Ave. Bet. I Bet. 2 Ave.
1.814. 1.5 1.71 2.32 2.30 «...-3

 

K"
’ ,"4

M
.otnl n t g
:l : “n
tchncco leaves grown unaer .AeLH 0
r3
L

expresyei 9e percentPres of drv n-

H-

r "en 1? Feh‘thy an

- - —- l

p.
:3
J ()
{'1
P3

ogdltions,
t

 

fl .2 .2 w... 9.- 0 o
get9r34nrt.on ?o91.a¢ LOSFIC In.ected
T O -.-
Hnéves Leaves

 

1 U.°1 5.2

Kn 5:" \J) ('0

I": (r t:- 1‘:
O O

J\ (J\ U‘x O\

K.) 41‘ H b.)

U1 kn kn Km
0 O O O

( )\ H \D K»)

|'-J H ‘0 H

3‘
W
(D

C
It‘
.
(3\
"3\
Kn
O
R)
O\

 

n
...

‘ "...‘ . 4. .11 A,“ ° .
Coroo_colrus thr3 (4 and o,“ rntlo in
.-.o LN? 1». .
n- . u tobacco leoves

~ I. ---~

grown unfier

9
kooTtkv so; mosric
.0 2
A. x.
l‘ R. ‘ Q ‘
hereon.“ r" i“ or; mstt

c
:-+: 1.. .. J
C.I.1‘..lu1C'Z".T., so- so on
e

 

Zoolthy Xosnic Infected
Constituent Lefives Leaves

 

n 1. "...‘ L- '1 10 1A

C"rucu. ropes 11.1o *u.35
J W ‘ ~ 9 ‘/ fi/

TO U94. 1‘.;t“0 £111 LY. {v 5.;VC'

 

Table 11.

'7'!
I—i-O

fi‘fif" C/.'
L .,' I“

:u

_:\ 1 V" __-u +
"S O- CI‘TDOH; __rr—‘,,O

1+
H-

” J 9 - ‘J ‘9

ratio, brcel Cl". pe‘mertrjjo V"l“:<7, 11‘! dis-
ended to that in herltky leaves, grown
vain? field conditions.

 

“ntios: Discoscd LOWVnc/Hcaltbv Leaves

U

”*t“orcn CFrDOFyCrote C/fi Ratio

 

 

72.

 

NH.H

coupe
mm.mH

smo.o m.o.o moo.o moo.. sHo.o smo.o
“No.0 mHo.o mHo.o mHo.o mmo.o wwo.c

00H.o
m:.H m .H

ms.o Hm.o om.o Hm.o mm.o Hm.c
mo.m .a.c 0n.c Ha.o 2,.n rm.“ .
mouse Izzll mocha mouse Illnn mocha
mn.mfi mm.mH mo.sH NN.MH mm.m gm.wfl

omomcwnfig

smo.o nopH
amo.c fiswwcm
mw.c fipfimuapom
mm.o SSHu¢CM¢L
mm.o FSNOHao
oomph

 

H .pmm .m>< m .pwm H .pmm .m:< _ m .pwm

U ......d w m

 

\i' ’.

,pa¢mm hmpflmcu

 

.pmwpca haw Mo mQQQUSoopon mu @muumnguo .mmowpwfiom pmmfipnp
ufi uzomw mumcfip ooocpop @mpowmsfi ofimmou mam nmuflaos m uwuorpwuomoo Haomimgo .cfl oflpam

oumpmmophuo an flaw Havofl H

 

 

 

000.0 000.0 000.0 .00.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 0000000.:
000.0 000.0 000.- 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 0000
000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000.0 000000
00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 nun: 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 020000000
00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 000000000
0» 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.. 0000000
file

I......... 00.0.09 00.0.09. ......il moan“... 06 0.0.0. 31...... 00.0.08 00.0.09 0.60.0000.
00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.0 00.0 00.00 00.0 00000

.000 m .000 0 .000 .0>0 0 .000 0 .000 .000 N .000 0 .000
mpoom aim”? m0>cwH upcosufinuxoo

mpncfim @wuuchH 00Luoh

 

00000000000 .00 000.0

 

 

 

 

unoppcvo mm 1:00 Have“... H
000+ ..-..- 0.0.. 0000+ 000.0 000.0- 000000.500
0.00 0. 0.00- 0.00.. 000.0,. 000.0- 000.0 + 00.00
0.0.0.. 0.00- 0.0 + 000.0- 000.0- 000.0 + 03000
0.00+ 0000+ 0.000.. 00.0.. 00.0.. 00.0 + 5003.000
000+ 0.00.. 0.00+ 00.0.. 00.0.. 00.0 + 03300.0;
0.0.. 0.0.. 0.0+ 00.0.. 00.0.. 00.0 ... 530000
III ill In: Inn: 1:1: null mofififim
0.0+ 0.0+ 0.0+ 000+ 000+ 00.0.. 00.0 00000.
mpoom mampm mm>mmq mpoom mfiopm mm>¢ca
hmpflumg op o>000000 050000; on 0020s0000moo
0000000000 0mmpmmopmm m>000000 monmnmmmHQ
wsflomoov .NH 00#.

 

rm.mfi+
mo.Hm+
am.aau

mo.mm+
Hmwomnfu

MWOIT
Hfiqu

\()(\-

mz.o¢
wn.ol

)\OJ.\WN+
mH..H+

mNoWI

._\| .11

wH.HdIC
mo.w

mum;

)1.;l

CC CC

. o
m: NC

mm.o

\mc. 0+.nHm .H+.wmm.o + dmfinu

0:
O

20.N

Hc.mm
HMWOWH

mm.am

maw.a

N

H\O

(\2

NH

.11 \O
H
(\J (I)
(‘J

(I)

\i.) m

mmmnuri M

 

maoom

afigfimon 0p wpwpcflmg
momw:mm-+u manpmwupom

aft-t

H¥

mpoom

oooqup

mampm

mgpfimms 0»
obfipaflmp mofimgommwm

.mua Hawop we a
wowoe%mfi

o
ammo.

‘. 7«
m+onfl

mm>coq

fiOPOcMfiH Oflflwofi

I

ME 0 Hcrva>fi,mfi no nowpawda $3
OFF (mnw ©@CU®H»HIP®
“LrwrpH.U®fH Q“ m4flHmrr

a ..JQO .nPrHrOU

webmaq
apnvfim mgpfimmm

muuodqumnoo

.mH mfipme

 

C!) C’.
(‘4 C’
C) :T

O O
O O

3
PM
H
C‘

macapocpm
Q“ mShogmhoxm Hmuop
Mu mpobooop pmoohmm

unofipomgm %o sempfiefia

up mapoamu an ch09
magmafimcmm Hauoe
mfihogiucmp Hmpwfiumm
mumpum pnnpawumm
mpmuzm ofifiqu

mMLOM:u Mp ofiuaonmH

 

 

 

 

.houpn: mhw mo mommpamopom an
umap ooompou vapouymfi ofiwmofi vmw mM+Hcon Mo

pfimwnpfiu

moam .JH mflpaa

mowpcmmipuumm HM mogpo mHmcpopp mo ccwcoom man

.Lhcpcm #Hapuwuwp «0 u
. .3oH hHmpcmnonpa thccqpp aw oppcp case

0

H

 

mQOwaCh%

 

 

QH appoxpuoxfi chow
\Is..|1 \ 14) - . x‘ t ..4. ,. 4 .J o. . C
'll‘llll III'IIIII- AINOKC r N|'IIII' .q. C HOG“ Jl'III-u HOCO D.“(. “.0 IOCPHWNVOOQ'? +‘IWLOHCNP
C
mmowpocpm Mc memwmmwm
It‘ll ilull mHm.H xmc.o me.o mHm.c mnm.c umw.c cum.c hp mfipg;;moxp Hapom
_ ._ \ ‘3}. .q- 1.1.) \ H ) .\ .. ).\ .\), 9.)) .\x) _ 1 J4. M ‘1 .44.,1 .4.) .1
OCH.H HvH.H mcc.r rofi.c Vbc.o mov.o CCV.O mau.o HOV.C mfipo4iUOJF Hc4oE
.‘ \\ ) \t. ) \/\ .) . 940 cf 1 of: IL.).. -::
mVH.o :Ialu orH.o (40.0 060.0 QMo.c GVH.Q mmH.c HQH.o cw: :Fvo;u ro:mfioom
omu.o :IIII ow:.o nnH.c mmH.o HmHH.o me.o me.» Hmfio.o humane pmvuufiuom
null: mo‘mu .ocpn Iain: mocha mouae lulu: vocab mocpa upopum mJMALA
oum.o uuuna cum.o mmH.o mmH.o an.o umm.o mum.o nmm.o upho,_cb;m OwunmpmuH
.m>¢ m .pmm H .pofl .obd N .pmm H .pom .m>¢ N .pom H .nom
. : muofipomp%
.6900p .lfihmpm WObrerqH

 

mwoflmfipunov .MH mecq

 

.
.
(v.

mQOMpoapm
QH mwpouVuodu choJ

'Il'l 'Iv'll' III-I'll- Il'llll Illlllll 'lllllll 410 -H'HIVLVOOQ'H .JHQULI..WO¥.MIH
.03 ll 11 . t )Ic.
'l'll'l' 'l'l' I'llll "IIIII Ill!‘ I'll-ll it!” UPf'erkt-ufvbrlr‘flrr HP 14*)“

3H.mfin m.HHa mm.ma- mufl.on Hmo.o- mufl.ou qnpoxgmuup awou

 

 

\. \I \Q . \Irw )«. ..irlfl. I) .x) \\u 0 a \ NI...) OJ. ~34 . “I-

mmv MUCH? 00 CC... C.‘ (r0 .‘C(( C... ((0 (If ”\H C+ LET-Hap-“ bk/H-.. HGrChrLFrr

O I..- \101 I. .\.O.).\\. 3 \ 03.- 1...} o I. .).\\ 0...l| 4. ). .wu . . 1

I 00 CO CH 0v M0 hub C 00C 0 (CC C (to4c( +FC4o He cjfi

'l’" 'Ill" I'I'IIII 'Ill" II'III" ''''' U'ICWVLrW a rlofpwryfiH

\. I w“). l I. ).. \lsl \.\J . ‘ \ A)..\' InfolCl.\' 4.. 0. f \JllOfl. .1 1‘].

00 m r“ .l\r.\ mc \I v.00 C (JC “or /\ Cgorkrr.:(m\(fltP (orcfcxflkoH(Cr*

‘1 \v 0‘ ,I.,_-....r_)_ \lwl ‘ 1.. n1) 1 p1. ‘ \’ M1. .4.J

Upton LECJW LukvflcaH L+OOR (£9an an.V€Q1H

l m:c 50ch

O I

hmpHch op mpuwang bAchoA op
QUNrerHQ1iWArV .ka..ru.U+HranvHrw,-:H QKVHIMvrnHCOM \fldUkQQHw (HHHQ

“wowsHoqoov .qH QHMLL

mHH.o mnH.o can. oco.o mno.o mu .0 Hcgoa\H rHHzo:
\d ‘ )VI‘ ) .v . . \I. ..\| .. .. ‘ ~... 0 ..1 .... ‘H a) .111
nn cm.c oru.o mmu.c Hum. aa:.c mov.o Hcposxcgmuom pacurHc
will
Ham.H mmm.m mmH.H wqm.m nuu.m 30H.m Hmpwwmom mamug 4m.pmnuom

chom\oHucupo:

p-
C \
\D
0
"W
H
.1}
o
C)
D-
r1
UN
0
‘ O
CH
\f\
H \D
o
C I
C‘\
D -
«I
O
O
L)
\ l
U\
C
O

 

 

 

I\ O \H )\I )4 .\| w H) )\I .l .1. A! at A). «4
mvm L onc.m m(n.c Nu .m cc,.m amo.w ch:flm n\ow:azaQrH
dma.m woo.H JwH.m hmn.q mmH.H hmm.H mumpum pan» Ho mixofiuczponH
wuoom mzoum mmpw 0a 300.1 mSoum mmpccq

354-2”..1 I 4)-) U nc‘1 J ..n....... 0 Q). .1 m. 1 ..vt‘ Oflpmm

fixer”- hf (...Vcé ..wci-.. up «HQ LLLVHGQL

.nuowufiaom uncappsm m izopm vaaHm oooapo, dmpoammw oflrmofi and mnpflaom

Mo powwow mad .0 w:c::mo avg no swam gr mflCHu ocha mfipomnmomg mooxump empcm .LH manna

\J . I. ~ My“. .. ‘
..DCICHH C...C.cHQ....¢d

 

.mzowucchmLpow nbwm no , m

.wdoammuau ed M

oofihpmm m4 H

H 0 A..) N "lllll' I'll"- O C 00)“ ...II" I. I'll C “15.)“. I'll-DI" .I'IllI-l -Illr 1. nudo'H ). HV4
(v.0 C O \(( n¢(: .... tr

\ \ .-.. \.. \J .3 '2 (\ 1.31.»... .. i a.

m.HcH m.mmH m.rmH m.H4 0.0: .0: a.mc m.mc m.nc owao;-; gr

II b 4,.) 4., J.‘4I L ‘
m UQrérvh .rtrrt.

’

o
.H m.H Hmonh

H
“W
C
O
)

C\

r10\
\0H
0
HH
\OM

m . . - oo.¢ 00.: fifiHmom
m.w« nH.om mo.mH no.3H HH.m samuuryon

O
H H
mu)
0
I?
'H
U
0 0
r4HI

 

 

3 .c co H .n
cu
\ II.|'II \u ..H .\r¢ ‘\.. )4.) \f 1.. )\ \ I]... i‘ ......c .u ...M
WOJO Uo_.mH mar... MOP... 0 (mm moruJ O'CU CoV; F.9Hrwrp:f:
\.\o \u \ \|\. \.\c .\.\ .. I14. \\ x... l: ..JJ. 1. .3
mouv Qoou adorn 0.60 door dooN momrr ”nouns” moBHr r34 rt<
.o>< m .pom H .umm .mp4 N .pom H .pwn .mp4 N .pmm H .pom
mano:,Hquoo
4 4 04
rpoom wimp” mn>cmH

{14

upQCH mmpfimmm

x.)

.pwppca and we mflupu 00H poo qpumuc>HScoHHHHfi up -cuumpnuw .umoHpSHom
3

unoHauwm mH steam (HGaHa

C ).
r 4 n
cacao» wuuoommH oflmmou mum mMpHu u aw upuovapmmoo HaoHEoMO .w

r

\ )
H
(*4
'1)

C
E. 4

acted P

mosaic Inf

LPDVDN,
..-”

 

 

C"
I.)

“t

“

 

Constitue

AVE.

4.)
C)

Det. Det.

AV 9 .

yet.

“I
.11

 

7

M7
I‘xd‘.
"O
.2. ’0

l

4
I

I
L

'3'?
J.o
37.

(“UN
O O

V)O§
U\C\

O\0\

O O
[\ \f\
O\U\

32.3
59.2

1

.Cl
AA
ow/

(‘W 4f

Qt”?

95.17
JO/I

9
ma

‘9 /

H, .

I:

H-r'.“

7K 0

- II

‘V
_)

0H

otflcr
boliufl

(L. I

7540“]—

n a

H 0”)
(r '\ (rx.

C‘lr—I

\‘7 r-I
O" . m

CEO

I,

finghneae”

‘L

.3;

u

C\ H
o 0
“NC-
HID»
r-I (\I
. I
4f I
0|
r--' I
r-I |
r-I I
I
d I
o
\‘L- I
PII
r4!
C\D~
o o
\1) ("-3
(TN (1 ‘
H
.j 1
0|
\j) I
(' '\ '
I
m I
0|
(\- I
("\ I
G)C~
o o
\‘1‘; (‘3
\f) - 4
(“I
I
\r) I
0 I
V.) I
\D |
I
C\|
0 I
\(‘ I.
\L) |
c
:T\
M H
0 ("u
(“ .’ ..

C
hiva

‘D’A
'“uiunS.

Q.
J-A$'

‘1

1.
dorrl

3

LC

—¢ ‘1‘ .AL~.‘ .

#AL
\_4'

9
fevrlc.
A: mn“0°“nV0

 

 

(-3
\U
r-‘I

.1}
(x-
(‘1 O\ -J m
.
C>04
H
\V )
H O
O
O

mu.m
H;m. o

 

 

 

.qm o.mu mm.mm mm.nm 3m.Hm mm.mm mango
.wm 0.3mm m.an m.mm H.wwm H.uwH nxuco
mH.u mm.H mm.m mm.m Hm.H mm.m mango
330.0 mHo.o omo.o Hmo.o mmo.o mmo.o an“ Hcpoauan
mu.n m.m mm.m mm.m mo.m mm.m manna
Hm H:.m mm. m mm.u Hm.m co.mm dw.m “gnaw
o
me.o mmH.o mmH.o mmo.o muH.o mmH.o mmuau
mmm.o moH.o mmo.o mao.c HmH.o qu.o “cusp
mmm.o ch.o- oom.o HRH.o Hw:.c HWH.o rum proanu
m.HH c.m« .mm o.mH m.OOH m.me omum
.mH o.nHH.H H.mo m.oH m.om. H.mH mung
oo.H mm.w Hm.H m.o mH.m oo.H muuu
nn.o 33.3 wm.o :m.o Hw.H w.o no";
HH.m Hw.oa mm.qH oq.m mn.m n«.w apnm
muoom .1..me mapréq foam m: room 3:5H
, oHpam
mgqmfim dmpommnH onmox Snap :3» new
.munofi H unno HdeHHHmHH Me No H»: a up was sum Haven .muowufifiom pno.npsm :H mtonm mar. «H

Cg 'r‘I

ppfiamfl M

pcppafi mpg mH

cpflmfipHpIGOQ

LAO

cabcummopcm me o wpfl

.uH erqe

 

\

(F C’er
’) (NV)
[\CI
0 O

\

H
(M
O C“
O (-J

C

C)
‘v

C)

1

\0
(fl. 0

C) C‘)

O
C)

c mud Hauoau moHa>Hm
.0 Mum Hmponupmmflapcnnz

\O
C‘\
o:

o
O
H
C)
O

O
H
O

C\
(\
o
O
+3
1
Q)
r-I H
G
5
CI
.0
43
H
C)
H
g.
3
{.1
.Q

 

mom.o ch.o Hm .o Haw choauu:
oo.uH mm.m: mm.wH mmumz
muoom mfimum mobccq
ofipnm

 

uwscfim hruflacm

AfimszouaoV .NH oHpaa

otter in

ory m

‘

0 grams

0

~
.1.
nutrient solutions.

01‘

.eniCPl

‘
.’

eouivolents of c

,qtio of milli

O

Tnble 1

1n

infectei tobacco olants grown

‘
1

ncsnic

b‘

 

Plonts

J'stv
“’91 VA l

'1-

-
At

 

Ratio

ts

P50 0

Leaves

ts

R00

up
i

C")

140:" V6?-

.

 

?3.86
2.2177

‘

5

O
0.16

I"
.(d

1

\0
C\"\
UN“)

(\0

F a
.:r>

oo o.
k) kg
FM t a

03
C. TI
(fl [\-
O CC

0.467
7.7

. \nl

0.519

157.7“

15.79
0.155

5.72
0.086

r4
m C")
C) C)

O“) (

a‘

‘;S

O
‘A‘
‘U‘

(D _
p-:
:4::

:Totol cot

H;
C") C)
O r-l

00

In L"\
C-\ C'\
C) L)

00

.:7-r-i

O (I3

:f

.‘J/Lq

o 00’.”

m
0\ 0.)

02H

H
[\W

(‘\\O

(r‘.

\n

o o
C‘- (\l

m 0?
C) N

C) H

0.019
1.99

Q3
2

0.0
1.6~

\C)

Q
C) O)
O O

OO

(-4 (3
O 4t

O O
C; (J

cations

'T‘
J.
a!

O
ol-é;

NW

\C) (\I
m (*4

\O (“4‘

C\ In
4! 1n
(1

£7.0
3#.7

\( ; L"\
(W

?29.0
62.1

{'1

I

C.
C) L)

v.358

(506

n
L. J.(;

ISIS

tol catio

- 3

'1 .‘7"

Q h
"...?!“
ii .A-ti

fl
VP

(Conclul,d)

Table 1°.

 

 

Ratio

(f)
.p

.4.
{H

D“)
C;
U)

0

Leave.

 

v
(N 0".

O
P~C1
r4

(‘3
(=1
:1 (“1

r! O
(“J

'J.~‘\z

(50'

"~30?
/

n ’5

LS

4

io

43

on

’00
.041»)

O
C

C)
(*1
'0
-I
3:

5 -'0

g

L.’V

5

.01”

2,17

.00

{7:4
9 o

q
3-3

9-1

(7‘.
(a)

U\u\
(.1 0 \

O
(“Jr-l

1m (‘3

0.013.13
9.115

thl cations
4—

To

Fe
nonovolentzDivglen

at

H \O
...'f \l\
U\:r

O O

C." O

C'\\0
C'.~ \r']
H 03‘

o o

C! C.)

an
t;

0.11
0’70
.k/v’ J

O

alent:Total ca
I
O

b.0110 '-."
'n o
.11.].

3?

 

(D
(}\

 

 

m -- an a - 1 n a. .1 -1. 1 1.-.? 1 ° 44.. .. f . 0 ..o s. ,
1oo19 1,. VTJLQ 1? on; t .91 CPTCOLburhu: 1n hoolo1g ago JOSPIC im1ocuol
-. .L, .... .1 .,L - ,3. . ' -..- ,
to ficco pinup; groan -fi nu.r1 1. 901‘11ono, e HFOS£03 no
-‘ 5" - n " ' 1" L ‘-
C ‘C‘nofl c of or; “ntttr.
'7'. 5'- r1 1.
.-fl 7'71 U..:,' r1711“. U."
(‘4— v . J.
Cowofitgcnt L69??? “tens Eoouo

 

“- A- 'H, A A, m
net. 2 ate. Dot. 1 Jet. 1 n-e. Dot. 1 JQt. 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

I". ('3 i -\ , A!
t 7075 7.: 7...]. 3.?‘4 ’3.“ 3.3? ?.29 2.1.10 2.3:!
‘ PO 0 '. O" '
Corbohyorfite 17.33 9.93 1°.Cl l”.3. 17.-7 1".”7 ll.o~ --~~ 11.8L
Totle 19. (Concluded)
K>s°ic ’hfoctci Float”
’ffi”“° Store Rc*£.
Conqtituont L“‘ ‘ -~~ U-—
Bet. 1 Dnto 2 AVE‘. Df‘t. 1 lieu. :3 I‘LVG. Efit. 1 Dr—t. P A’Fe.
P Y: ’0
Frt 5.94 5.92 50:: 2.75 '10—) 30:75 20"0 9.5 20"?
w I /
Corb1hyzrnte 1?.9L 16.93 17.15 17.17 19.29 19. e 12.60 2.69 12.60

 

infected tobacco

Total nit

Table 20.

 

Plants

Monsic Infoctcd

\

 

Stews

 

Roots

S

”‘4-
Do?!)

L89VC’C

’

Roots

LEPVOb

 

1/3
0/ Q/

33

7. Ad
6 a/C
o o

0L2

11.)
vrpc
O O

bud

01.... Km. Du
Op Op 7

o o o
«14%)3

a). 0.. Oh
(J /C L

o
“L G; AM...

b.7h
’7"?

l

T . ‘
~--~

hw- Cu n,
"/1 /C /C

33.3

Qdowzz
amazoc
O O

o
0.. 6,1. A;

’5

.A-

b.“1
b.32

h

3&7 6)

 

OJ
0
c)

{Q
r).

0‘.

h.77

oo

(“QV

[-7

an

o...

Averag

 

3'10 9"

tobacco

.. ‘ --- " o 7.
bone; 2n percent? -:

'ulrnts,

, L,

‘

§._- n 0- n‘ n ,- o o ‘.
Corb g‘cr to, n1trogcn, nnfi o 1 rPtlos 1n healthy and
LA:
0 infGCbub
solrtions,

grown in nutrient
9

p. -‘ 9- L .‘g
U. u—rd matUb-L‘.

 

 

 

 

congts.u€11 Hvfilthy Plontm flashic Infvctnd Plants
J ..LU' L‘U
Leovcs Stems “oots Leaver Stere Roots
., - A I
Carbonycrfltes 1¢.3 1 .37 11.8w 17.15 18.16 12.60
v. , ~ ‘ , /
Totrl lltrogcn L.2 2.39 3.;7 b.77 3.5: .98

“Rtio:

0!:

'v '5
Lo.‘_

l7

(7\

\n
I',‘\

 

m~ an
19:19 11

.0".
‘a'? .

. A ~‘v"- V" L ‘9 ‘- - m.
. Rnt1os of cnrbong1rotc, n1.robon,
-. . 1 .. L
:(r081fxw e VPthG i. caiosfised to tlxz

_ -. A ~ 4...- L - “4..
:ltnts, brown 1n nutr1cnt solot1ons.

8115. C/. w
in he? wltd

bnscd on
tobncco

8t1o,

 

" 4- ° ,7 -. a. /?7_ 1
- Ulsehfie blant9,:cn‘t3

 

1v:

trogcn CrroJEydrntes

 

Leovec

‘- - (‘1- ,5
Us Lefltes .atcns

Roots

 

1.117

1.031 1.007

 

F“!

d. n .

t
i

fizpfuwHAVfle
“.... v.-_‘. xr\ ..

:- .. .:
C'.L 1.03" 1

.
O I‘LL“?

GO

 

1
.L

(.2
C
r ,,

 

tot

?)

‘.
1 REA

1 ' ~s- 4-1-
..I.‘ ..r‘ Liver

L

 

Disturbfiice Ion

7":

-1 - 5'. tfzrbn :10 e

: L ‘—
D-¢tvrornce

Itn

 

‘Pfo
‘43

1
‘- .1
8.26 Fe

-._0.5LIL C2
’3 Q’! ’7
fif\ 1'. !?

-_/./ [kw -‘a
r.’ 00 v“

-.j . \IV 1‘“;

Isa 1.

‘JJ.“

’ 5;: 0C):)

* no n~

"5".V

r135.7

't’\
-L:\’

pQ
. ‘f‘J

+ 1
r .6

(‘JH

I
no-q

O

H

0 1

+ co n

5,-7.‘

*127.1

+

\3
O
(3‘.

1?».

“is

V0

‘

‘1

L19.

1&1

A‘.--

a.

GK '1’»
-l.-\z.')~
C‘ f‘r7
* ~00 V'l

\Q
...—J
0

VIII. APPETDIXES: ATALffICAL KETTCES

DETERMIKATIOY CF TOTE A33 A3 ARBOYATI"

*5 w . :92". -
11.;n 7-4... .. b

 

-. ... ‘_‘ _ . L ‘ II , 4, i ‘ o

.5. - “--1 C"" *"‘ C. Df‘tl.1‘?uF‘U solttlon.
n . my .-
rROC;cJE;

~ 1 a , “>‘\'~‘ ‘ . A" O x : 'I“ wriw L . V. . ‘
Abd one—:rfm soon 9 zfito pre-me.ined --pt1nu4 cruc1.les.

‘ L ’n'pw 0A: . n 3 1 - L” a
Place iLto a n31.1e oven Ono 1fcr098r.{JYU1vyCfiy Vac tcmflerpthre
O
A J.” N. L“! w -..- - ‘- - VA .vv'. *‘ 0 - f. ‘n ‘
uxu1l toe 9‘soleq Ftnrt 9:0;1A5. Av‘ Ft 630 C. for 10o

kouro. wool 311 nod obout l milliliter of pgncnivm carbon-
. TV ‘ ‘ O “
rto solut1cn. LOIQ for bolf P: pour at 100 u. ?“d lor

o
t"o hours at 200 C. Cool

"J

“4 wri*‘. ”We ircrrvcc i“
a..\~ k . ‘J‘A -.4 DOV d- \. -—

V
I"

weith in grfius times 100 biveq tHe perceht2~e tct°1 a~-
a

99 c9rb hate.

---_

“TLmTV,I%,"""'*iTI(‘-T' O"? SILIC‘}. 7"if T? :‘TIIE‘TLYZ' 2'0. 1: "i 1'31“?“

gvflnoflvorin pciF. Concentrptei.

moo 73'":

 

. x . 4-2 "1.2.1 Is, “.1. -.t.. - - ...,
P61 in tie’LOUfil n31 poterm1natioo ' -to

F3
0
(71'
tJ
”D
«t
'0
1.)
O
U.
(4-
”J
H.

corefully 10 Hillilitere of 0.1 T nitric acii. LVavo-

”I1
.‘. (

c1-

0 to friarss at intornodirtc heft on the hot olrto.
6001,bri1g to constant vvi ht.

To th» ash 2&5 f milliliters of 0.1 I nitric acid,1 milli-

tor of concentratcc sulfuric rcié an: 5 milliliters

of hrdrofluoric scio. Warm on the hot blate 8t interior

The {Dove‘se iu'vcifiht 0:3rosseo

1J0

cf
U)

the fiercentgso of 9111C“.

L3

PEUI‘G‘? E.“

A: .. -C--£; ..

C -1§-7\'Tnh!~

0H5-.- U-.U

fl'_‘—‘-“_)' '1‘?“ J HTV

o-——---bog _ -..

D —\- fln-“v'fifi

.-‘b.4'.

hgk.

.
-~*‘A.q V “w,

' “n1 .51»-
A”. ‘4 A ....A. .’--n —‘. .l" U

“5
V' .

 

 

 

 

ST-fli‘sft g". i‘::'7;"e, 3F) mgcp so

:;§"cc*lc“ic Pcid. 1:15.

A: ‘11:“; ‘L' 30-1.32. 1250.

Errctlnric Pcii. u T. B'lute 3
ch“ 1it: c ” to l litv“ vit

S5ii‘fl ””“19‘ . 0.01 I stcnvcrr

 

EClO,.

a ..,.I
~ 0‘. A ‘)

o‘.‘

r a
5.73 g—J
ium 3.:nnitrnto
9“"

A&\'—

’“fifi‘HM n
‘¢A'-~-. -‘h

"0 ““3
I ‘ .‘
.._..

"2
./

0"" lfi"! 'fllv ”’7“?

V‘: kric-"JKJ‘ ....

lliliter: of 70 percent per-

distilled water.

‘~-I va . V‘ I r a
0.01 L an Quinn 3 3¢1-it

1

.1 , .. .9 --.. 3LT .
n firm or rc-rrcnce 3cri " sumac?

5V W~w

,4
’5.(‘ v‘\~ “‘1‘? AUJ.

._ «I A.i:....lll.1. t J

a

of b

-1

- 1 o

. . 1
De stanc"rc1:nc

r." ~ .. ~\ ‘ 1- V 2
i128 I‘CRGL‘I'IL- SHOT-1'.--

’

0
1‘0 “1""ch
O #4.qu

L . f‘ " . T.‘ -\ '9 4L . " 1‘ 7
frc:a stric?-\ 0.. “ stilts excirte into a s Pil terrer
o o 3-1 _o-yg:v.__ : 1.? w‘fl ’3‘ (5 .‘-q o
co inisg 5 milliiiuchs oi ' i “.10“, 2c; O.i “lill-

to the colorless

....2‘ J. .,- L'L 4., .21”. .1...
1.1.10” Vcr 9-1: viurcw ’. in- t1.

9 Elfirk ti tcrt on car“cction ”t a “imilnr 99:‘le "ifius
" ,. . .9 ."'.‘ ...‘° ‘W'J-. . L -

the oxrist? sql‘t=on. - c “1111.:vwvs of 0'r7° e Lard

”iViCOd b? t*c corrcctnilziil‘illt‘“c Cf .crfitt tints

‘. -2.‘ m - .
wI'O‘.;\.e «MAC 1'1. 1‘

...,

ml]:

 

[J O

at eafit to de“:t the solutlc“ to cr“c‘7" 0.7 E.
Rect92’9?Cizc v-0rcvcr th rc~3cnt is m?“ scv‘tfl L

or more °pcrt. Zbcp in P Chrk'bott‘c “7"“: ”Won lixlt.

Yifr~-’c““cin i“3iccior, (1' 10 crumo _eu2nt3rclinc frr”n“s 9n -

thctc, o” L tro—cr;“cj3;:°:t“r:lixc ftrrcue :erczlor etc).
thn tLC svl“59te in used, 0.1 miililittr in Pnfil"sis 3:1

?.2 m 'll’iitc“ ii strnwc‘linctiun is 0"“l®"c with t?

worn-l r.te O.< milliliter in as ex.

ntfifl r0”. 0. 1 pcrce

 

«rs-w M ~-r~71~3n
:...U W—cc/ NJ— .44

4.. 4

colution in :ercent e

thnncl.

A“ Pliofiot (5 milliliters) of tie fii‘cctcfl "~h soluticn is
flipcttcd intc a euuical, 15 nillilit=rc centriitfc tuhc.
Le -1"W‘ of #64,;31 rt“ vclvt'rrfi is fic<9¢, cry :3, ccrccht
T? H aficd Crop by droj rntil ‘38 iLCiCPtCr tUTTS "cllnw
(33 = 5.3,. (It i? bczt t: stir with P t3ifi glass roc d?“ir?
thiv (“51.53. any ot‘wr C‘fierrtion irv'rrol virr- the 875: it in": of re-
crcntc to tn; tffe of ccutriiuge tubc, :iice Eiffucion is
very slow. T39 r03 c n bn "nwhcd vith a tFin st:ecn of Vctcr
from a hr?” cruic needle. T*is will Lcro th VP7V”0 c NH.)
1:15 :31 is added “iti‘ tBe iniicntnr tvr“~ rel" fin}.
Two Hillilitcrs of Pi‘oniun orflcte are afi’ed, the solution
~tirrc7, cri th rrccijitfitc of C’ICETfi 0:? ate is Pllawcd to
stfiif overrith. It is :fit ecctfitirl t: 611“" the yrccigitnto
to stcnl so lon“, but t‘is #:000’"“9 9 corve“icnt "he: one
iv workiné vith a lcrfe an tor of CPTT1€?.

(\r‘

11;} .

Centriijc at 3060 r.p. . for 13 wintte~. Cerefullf Jacont tte
vvfernrtant liqrid into a 25 milliliters volugetric flesh
(sore far I" determinatioi}. 1‘tir t‘e treci“it“ur, then
ritce t‘P Cifirc of t‘c tote "iii a streem of 5 Ti liliterg
o” 1:53 TKACL blcvr row 9 ji.et.

Ce:t"ifx"r ** ‘C?7 r.o.n. for l? ninrto~. T‘00:")... the w°~5i1~~
into the rem? fleef. Drein he twte tr inversion on filter
roter for l? mirutee. Vite tFe routh of tEe tube vith e
cl,rn towel or lirtlee: filter jejer.

317" int the tube 3 milliliter? of b I 3010. frem a rijet. Use
a t“i1 rtirr'rc roC to L“e“1 t‘: 3rec’"itctr. 39¢“ tle
stirrer with ? ctrcen of T milliliters of W I 23-0.. -r”“~-
fer quantitetivcly the solution into 3 50 milliliters barker.
"Oc‘ the C”“L“"“"O tugc "itE 5 milliliter? of weter 2rd acl
it to tee 5F“T°T Aha 0.1 milliliter of the ritro—f rroin
iniicctor. Titrete V’th +ee ccrete soluti-n freu “ 1?

mil iliteri burette to a colorless -nd 30int. Ictrrmine
the blah? corrcction in the sore manner. It is usurlly about

rs.

o ‘4

4’

...,.- L ' . '- .' ‘,. r. I» ‘ 7 ‘- 1
Dilute the r“ ~31r.e:t liovid .n the volthcvzic i_“ci to voiume

Laura: « L‘P.Ql\
{‘x.‘ ' 3.?fivle'1-’

an; (‘0'.va 4-H *ofi'i‘a .n:1~~\ I: l
' 1.»: u i» " e U LC -..‘ '. ..-F..'_-‘J_.' \- . -4 '

.“o-'V‘ A“ ~ . -"
A J ‘9 ‘...Cil..'-

u

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(...-“’T‘.TC“O T“-‘r'1---\\ ¢7VToan9~ P... \o .fi.-“:~T’~\O
M...A.--. “d-—“Hb--“.&-v‘ Na". g‘41.,'_,__§_‘g.'.
--.. ,:'.-.I.. _ ...J
‘ 2.... 3..“ ‘ . n - .. ""1 , A, , ... 0
mi on- 1 c vie. J? irrecnt. bzeeolne v? ~resc of rocrvctellized
«:h-u- " -l. (.4 Q. ‘-
vafl : 1. - 31.; J... ”A 1 1:1'1- '7‘.:‘IJ. - ...
i“, v1 it Jer 1d c ‘ e to l J nili.i1uer~. iii.c: bciore
l
h, - 1' AC- 1~ ~.1-L"
tic. riecc i1 r‘tl J,etie.
A ~~-‘ 3 - r“ - ‘--v--. f .- M a ‘n A —- ,‘fi ‘- -u- u. ‘- F;: v n P’ a .
n -c: In in. 3 2 t -" “(-9. J percent. Licnalie it "refs oi
' v. _‘ o . q: __ ‘ L- o ._ ’1 j 0
an Grimm e11;'rojrr j.“r; 9.0 in '°tcr e i oilute to 5“
0w '1 0 0 1. ‘ 1‘.- . .f.‘ .' a
hluilllvFFf. i-lt r toicre use. otore n pyre: bottle.
15‘. 1-3.43. 1 ° J- ‘ 4.
. "fie -t““ie::. 1 percent in {O :erccnt ethonol.
~— v\ ... ‘ vv ,‘9'a . A. ‘ J-
1 or? M 3 “a e. Concentr.uei.
l,- 1 , ‘10”... n3 3 1. c&_‘_ " n L l- ‘ v T"
..aHLZ‘ "“"_ ""S‘h 1,“:1'.” ' ‘_-.. ..C m..l...lll~;is: CI Ca..u1‘1-:2€‘”1u 1‘990'; i...:‘.y.0.1
-.w m 9*
'43,- O- - 1-w- 1° 1...: 1 .- 3131. .0
"log ,0 millilitcre of istilleo '“ter, luO milli_iu:rc oi
1.1 , 1 3. fl ' ‘1 ‘7 3 '1? L 1' 4-”
ctifinii, cni lte miiiiii.erc oi euger.
A _ \‘Q ._ o .: V sv
0.11.-x-l‘lc GLJ.kL. 1 uni.
* -.—
1' A1 ~:Q‘~ CL "
-".:e i H. o ”1;?”u.
“oh.-.—
Y' ' .1 fl 3. . .- 5' "--’Z* -" ‘1‘ V 4-. '
$3151 111.» m1 'lli;“° a c- 1 c0”. unO Pic eiiute b0 9 1 er.
‘f .
‘5.

"Sin
...-a...

One milliliter cont

1. 1.0. ' x: 1 3.0
"off-9111.1h1‘lc 3C;.. 89;." L;'i’..‘Tl.

 

Dissolve 5.0 grers of c.fi. er"onium flC:§::§:v ii e:gr::iu tel;
?o iiililiters a; warm, 53° 3., wer. Add 2.8 milli—
liters o? concentrated SHlFuiic 9018 to tte coolec
:flttior finfl dilute to 100 uilliliterc with distillel
"o’er. Tiis solution uZzoti‘id not be used if a wlite

- ..
a. r o
0.. A A... O r
o .u nu rm Au
fi... “.... Q L u
o ri .0 .i a.
.J. O C J V O ”.1.
[ob ....“ EU a \
..- . S f 1J l u ....
..., .1 O C .. i
r. C U. n m .
fl ., va .\‘.‘ 0.. A- n4;
”4 ...; O r u a.
nu _ 1 _ r O G r
0." 1mm L 2
ML 1 ‘ a. a a.“
.1 1; n. r n u .l
‘--U ... 1‘ mp .‘L
m x... Lu C .J
b; Lu... .1 C AU
P. A}. .1 w I. C
o A, v“ :i a» n“
. J 1:. 1
n . L. l m;
.1; .fi. .... z “w o
a x .1 C m .l w.
h ., V. ...,
t C O O L V
O “U c... .9 Al _ 6w “0
n .U .. .. 1 n.”
T. L u S
O .l ... .... Q . ..
a... u ,. q - «W O C
H\. o . T. . “L W 1*
O 1.4 .i O a...” 1 1—
H/I O nu. 0x ~ry «. ".1 ..--
Q/ .a .u .i .u . i.
C o _. 2., e nu J; u u S
1 ...w n .. « .. P... a D . -.
L w u ‘ mg “L o . rm
. in me o. Uh n» C, n“ a;
.U :9 Au 91 a L AM AV A. .. o
0.. n. a r .- _ . .4. C 1
C ... nu. T .L «L L u S o o
ci r “n a- C oi r. “W n flu 1L
P... - ....u r L u a . 0 a!” a» T
n. a“ .. I. m w r c r v .
...... 1 u . . S C “L L v e
e 2 .. y #3 n «a.
u ..i 1.. o . .h . . .l m; Au 1... .1
1w r; J nu r. n. Lu ¢h :i v“
.1 9.x 1 . nru vu. n. 1 . .U
me at, by 1 M 6w .! u. H 0 1L .0. .
«U. .n. A: v .1 “L .-. 0.; ”V o:_ F.‘..
.1. Tu “ n 1 Lb t ”s“ s _ 1.“ hum " A 0
\U. 0 A H O 1. . a . y
. , a. .. a . I...
.__..M ....“ C a” D C
. u. _ 01L “L fix
3). fiL .. D ..- .
.O . . n C
Q _ It!“ 0 0.!
EL. . L \ u m.
V _ . :.. .\L Wk
7 . WD .4“ i. .m

 

 

 

“-6-

f‘l‘ 5'.
.cr‘

.1

“it
'n

J

O
.1”
éol—n—A‘-
C

0 fl W
oc-......— .~
’-|"

_’)1‘H

$4.5 \

.'

- ».‘
say;

’3
le ’

WV
75"
I.
V

1
*-|
l

qpvqfi
1'!

.L-
3
‘A-.

to
c

1

6.

rec.

“il
'11

W1

Lku

A

A

L‘
3-; U‘fll

“- "-
. ‘-

1“;

O
-‘
Q
..—

‘_' aL .
q

0‘.‘
1m ‘f
r11

t
-43. V i.

q

«was

...\I.
~.. 4‘.

-',..
uJ
.

l

u‘
n.

9'”
an
4-K}
(
’1‘ .
..U’
V. bx.“ -‘4 ..

_ 9

‘1 f1“.
.JA-b L.
CV

g

V
..9 ..
0-04.9.

n

“I-
.L‘v

OI‘

41-10"
‘
v-1.
0
C C

~ ‘ ..
01 z -

‘
RV-” -
.t’

1.-+

'J
1' PA“

-,' \ud.
-

J x. ,.
‘1’... y-/

Q
Q
o

.A
I
i- 1
w.«..— V.—
a.
do

\

J"

r
\J.

‘

v.0

q

.“
W
A.
--|V‘-
% "
..h

-.<'\'-. "I
q“
k-.‘

."
u

"L’
.V/ U‘"
‘V
‘K
11 ‘\
U-A‘J t1
...? 9
Oh

’7
'l .Lfi L'

‘I’

1..

.4
-.‘O

0.01

.D
0:.
h
L
U

0
.1-

olve 0

qt“
Id‘
I‘L‘.‘
.-V...

Cl‘CCIl

D”
C9

-: ~”.—'J

 

A.v‘u-u.4{

H

7
¢

I
“CO C. in a WPtF? hrth r31 r5119 tvirlinfi th fink- 2d?
CO:';C?'1§.1‘I"LC‘1 17223.83 -;-:‘;“'.:L:v“~ (4.11:3: ‘~;-;;:I:. Che-I, 1511‘. 2 211711-
litOTG of cothTt““tQ£ TIhCH hni :51? with P tL’n ; “:2 "00.
Yith‘rrv Lie r03. °tvificr t“0 ft?“ 9:1 1‘2 9th1i wvernicht.

Ce:.rifugr Ft 3330 r.n.n. -0“ 13 Tlfifitr”, fee”ht "éru-tllf, d. 11
on Lilia? ghwer for 10 minttC”, 3:1 wiic the moat? ,; :30
trige viii. '7 ole“: tO'fl’fl. 2’1”?- f"e “-‘:‘~:cij.',i rte 91:3. slice: f
the tube witL P shrofig o 5 uiliilltcs? of tLe r;fi‘:l“c¢l
Yrs; liQLiJ ”you 6 .igct CQLiygc; T't; a rtblér rs,“¢tir
3411. vc;dfi:fi"e rt :33? r.3.;. for j Llnrtat gf‘”Tt "2i
Lzrt‘111 .f“ r r :“3::"t’*~ ’x-a-. *rigge tine .got:t‘- 0.? $1-; tlfbi‘. ..c-

1% 1" L 1' ': (:1 infi.‘ .“ -I ‘ \‘,N xii-V ‘ .~J f‘- c. "."T"_‘
EL Ll. J.._ .' . i. u _'-db-»x-J.L V g... V ._\!_{..
3:70» C m’liilit0?9 cf 1 T ”.30. into tTo tgbo P3? d“l”tw to ?J0"t
~ W
5 mll.ilitg*:. Af':r 5 Llnutoi, trhnr’cr tie oncertb
Our: ;t"tiv:17 n n :5 mili'litcr: r¢lugrtric flf~:. YérT
ETC cnqr;£;:0 with 3 to L milliliifrv of distilled rntrr
n~-. 3-HH-1p-5'pq 1' 4- °-,-\ ‘7‘ . n111r*.-+'~3 n ~‘“’n.~‘-—
- -- uL- ......u; .L V 1.; v C Val... '-. u --u LJ.‘ ..-.

I? Tltcrificr 9TC PTC‘th ?t t7ic g‘ixt. hfid 5 Iiliilitsrn of 5.9
X horlc “Gin. If tHe .011tia: i9 9 ii, «fig 3 irops of the
bran—xi‘:cl blue bii Litfrrli:e E? FLlinfi r;:tn¢rm “"Crrriie
Bra-r) 75f (11-31 1::1‘517. tin PCT“t€OI‘. ’31:?" ”clue. Tier; 9C; tie
followinf rnfifn“ts *n C“'cr, 21:12" "r11 fifty“ 9“:H Pl’itioh.
Y“*‘nufi elflrre of time *c‘"ocn tfie 9.‘iti:n 0’ esch rfigcnt
"itleut an cffcgt on 1‘9 i;"c 031”? C:V¢ln J”Tt i6 5 L;r“tra,

\3

' roviim 13‘1“": PM vol.

1. .". millilitcw 05' 9‘ cazzzi"; idly”? 9:0

1‘. A I..:‘.:5-:7.it“”‘i "1".“ 14.:"1'2-“1 5.11131»: “u?“‘ticfl'fi

3. 2.5- “.“ClliI‘ZtH-‘f Q: s-z.«x1::‘. C'izcllir‘ff‘ Sv'lutlozl
33:6 '7; to volume “it“ iidt’lle; '."‘t"*1'. .1313" is 2.1:“
ninth" Pm- :..r.":":‘<. 1' " colcr ““‘(fi-Lirlt". Th C"lOI‘ 3r
’9 c':":'t";‘.t fret: 9.5 to 1! Evan‘s. Zeta-Inning) 152.3 3.12..

...- . L .;-, ' 1 n, J.-. : "7'7" . a.”
'4‘ a ‘1‘ . \“ \ '1 \ ‘1‘ ‘ ... «a v‘ . .. ._ '1 v ‘m‘
uU1.CO.-—'L' «.5... 1.1 L» CU..-_O-.'....Cu'~,- _F'.- .V 8’ I :./m ,f;.~y . 19 ' v

. o-n‘ n \ 1 q l c a U!
q,.‘ ._5 1 p... A. .5 .. ._ ... .-fi. H . a '1
‘ --k. :U (V0 ng- l-:-l . 0.. t‘Z‘y..- L: I .xn COT: ( L¢alo‘\ 1 -J. LI. .

_4

. Ia‘o um I ,- . ~q L‘ . -~\-’ ~ fl-a -‘ ~-- n . A 3 ~ 4‘ - —— '9 ‘
2'» CL-U‘: “$17-; .1.-- v-‘0 S“... WLL? ‘- ..\.~ Lu L. L1 UU X .14. Tie.
- -.. #fi-a-‘n ,1 wwv . fi“"|‘~:"‘a O f‘ ‘- '9 71“. v‘n p.
51‘) ‘q‘ C" Ui n‘u-‘ ark. cl“ J E ’ Cr 4‘- i_ .L—Li: . s.‘ LID O O ..-Q I: ...L.._*(Dl ~ -.LU

'- .. ...-.. .2.» fi.. ~_ :9. . -
..37"{7‘.t-'1._d.1 .- 1.2., "a: . u.;;e au""x'e ITI‘CCCL-UJ‘O.

"n
u.-

u.

.o.
3

u 1.". n 1 Q. 7"
1 . -,
.. U..- \J . -I' A“

Lwy.

‘9 Ll.

.. 4. 7.; b... “P:

-.‘l

J- I. --‘.

nu an».

\‘I

TOFCCSL

‘

~1
”J

l q ”f lT—__‘
‘4 .....JL. 5

.4

y:

“*3 A
. uLbXJ

r00

Pt 17

.‘
fi‘fl,’=

k

o ~~--

‘finol,

G ...;

‘..

Luv
: .

h
'0

1‘0 C‘.

{3

u...
L.--

1.

Q

‘-

tufie for

Lin
«”9,
‘-\A
';-C‘
I‘d).

c

tJJ

.21
._J

...8
wflnn
u _'_,

\.'

«g
at.

L'

n ‘63“ ‘l‘
’ UxA’..-‘J

\

A
..
kl“_.

o-nf‘rsl
uh

x.)

1

5T0

so.

UL
"RL- .
C U4. kid-‘1

. .1.
C93. v

.4. -
--k'.

...

.U!
o

“’3‘! 3“
..A—fi-‘_’
q
.61'“
C-4 .. ‘1
05v!

%

~91
t
-4.-.‘_
V

.51
—J.V.A‘-’

ropono
(3.7

“the“AT

PlCO

p

a:

1‘ A'\

L‘.‘

.
‘ O

-\ sq .-

.A. --.; ‘

‘.

v).

fvfi *q

.
A “b” "H '3

t

olve

."’
.w
4

.--.

E

V

' 0'5
;¢C‘.

Q

0 9 en

g

V

» - - Ans

‘\

*‘i‘

1“.“ (-
.~'- I
“ 'I

Q‘-
‘yw- L6.

be

J-_.

U Ls
n.
l

v-4.
C a‘t'

1
‘nJ‘ \
1“
f“\v’-

q
p:
...VC:

:7.
".

3‘s
+-_
“0

f‘

~

0 U. 4 ..;

tube

9

h
L

s

. f“

. "H" L...“
‘C&L$E) v.1
' J-
""V"fi‘.“ -_
13 u,“ .2
L“A‘.,‘Q--.“1~~v
«- Ll.- u- ‘3' ..F7sfi‘...‘
.01 “,0,
..-h' (J.

O
;.L..

QWWNL .
1... .L- ul‘lC

"Q
73*

I

t are vol

k

3. fix.
.-.;
1 w.
--.L

..L V.

I

1“"

¢..,~ t}.

w
34

1'

L-.’

r a

llilitfir o

C
.‘q -

..A—

.0.

J' :5 ' ‘ :‘1

0
1

”I '1
4.44.... '45;

n

7
o-c —. .5.

7"1\

-.-, 4.1.

fi‘flf-"A
.-(

.-l

V '(fi1
\.

-

VA
&A~-.

-ccxt

w- n“

r:
0.,

O

.
- wwa
o .....-1

v‘«

'1-..
-1... 4—--x-

O ‘Y‘ ."

L
.1

g o
A'.'

---

11" n"~'-
Lr—L

9"“ t 91‘

...
r".
..- ..

.~

1 tnvv

1:- ..4 fi

1.
,.
4‘\v— ,

“1“

n my ‘0.

.4.’
.I
o’—

4.\.

A -- - a ’1 Q.
9: *. 6

--
1
AJ" -L-d—cfi-

“"fi-fibvv-Hfir-w C7“ '3 ‘7
--. nh_-;_.-w '2 I-”‘

A.» -I

nvzfiv'fi“

_._...-.2'-....L I)

 

 

 

Acvfiin rail. 2 T.
Dluvte ll“ mlliiliter: of glficihl Poetic Paid (33. Gr.
1.0b) to on? liter witfi distiIIOW v9tc..
Egfirccchr’c 131;. 1:1.
Arfiéniu: cifir“te. (33.)n33/LKO l rercent.
- '43J7 * .
Disnolve 1 grr: bunénium cifirofc in diatilled V°tCP and di—
lute to 173 millilftgrfi.
2;;"5\3333;_E1“e i:?ic"t;r :rl:.§;:. 0.; jercenb.

 

f‘ 1' r. .. .D .. 'fi ~,« .-1. .1 1'». '. .. J... '1.‘
Jrinu l Err. c; .341; brodo Leno. s.Le 1; a ng..r wl,n 3

" A\ I

-v w: '1.-. o r . " " 1.. .n 1' +. 1.... 4-.
-11_-11uu:* o. 0.0) m “hp“, U33u9;9r Us a vo;cxe.r;c

~ ~ - “01.1. 4. arm ...Pw-w'~'4.-. 'u. ‘2 4M 1 1 $-
‘3 " fl‘ ‘ '. . .‘ u q. -. ’fi fi '
f.l..~~3-~ .. (A**‘.‘.C uo ..-_,"J A-hLJ...l.L.sUt‘- .‘ lynx (A.SU.th.~ h- " tier.
“..I‘I‘- ,..1..J... ‘-
-.A..__L :U-L.Lv._‘_/‘--S.
”’— m
l 0,1.._:. .0 M" 1‘ c’ #2... .C L- ”...-11:1:3—n...‘ A" n ‘ am"~“‘
. J, J L. J..- C... 4‘. ii.“ .‘-...‘- \ . I» $--—..‘.._-.._—-L VI a. L) U- I- o s) Ki.-

“ t: : -’.’." r’ "' 'v': ' 'v: :4. .c- n H -‘: ...
.. Salty o“ o- v“ WoJ “.3 ~, n1;__1-ucr" o- h “ egggu
LnL ..4 , .34.‘ 5’ m: 'I'-:4.A .--? n " n +: '7‘.
Pee. v: .01-. W“ '.L; J -1”l__u 3“ u- N . cn.;c 031;

1 I

-- 5 .A". _..A‘A."" 6,. ‘-L"IFH
-_ Ax ..-. -....- ‘1 g.
_L

 

"\l.
lJ“’.

o_«ncmr«+hroiiwo coiwtin~

- (x f I, ‘y- A. -_r\-' L. ~. -A n. "f ‘ '—
9?OlJC l fr-n oi o-JLLLuatirolinc Jfiuunhbr

1': L. .1 ’- .vl‘" vI—"-.:-'~ 'i .-'~ - an .- f" -- ‘- ~-n . " ~L. ;
Qistilieh . 1,1(rwi-b ii JLVLQ?CT, to Ci CCU SOlLbl A

 

" C
Ptea ii

"3
d-
C)
C!-
“‘5
H
1
,_J

A

l

\

Fisnolvc f7“ fir“mc of sociun "cct

cf-
0
}.J
k.)
}1'
(f'
(D
'3

’5 Q.vr ‘- ~. C‘fir‘ #:1—qL,‘
Gk H we" t 4LA¥L C-;_uv J

.c- n -- 4. ‘t? n. .. v - °.n . -_ 1, .-
oi lu mercenu "cSqu, cwrninc ii :eceesrr‘ to “sate-
5-.

tho reaction. Cool, 92d cilute to 1 liter with

ito Dot; 2’ millilite"s v0 lrnetric fl?sk Rid a

25 milliliters '“chJrVUr f “3?.51 aliouot is cho.en
l;Ch vill full 'n the r“n o of the nnr0t107L0t01«tc
(.Ol-.lO milligrams of iron).To the solution in thfi Hr :—
fieror fl??j is rciei 5 Crows of brono L0: 101 hi 0 i1xic tor
9nd this SFCtiOE tze: is tit nted with ? ” POC.iUH ac tfte
until the calor matches that of an onunl volvnc of buffer

4- ‘ c
I

n-uJ-I n ‘T‘ A .I - '. .q o,‘~«~. ' v Q v' . ’- .-
SOl.blOfl oi M: f.“ COLt lnljfi 0A9 vane sauntiur o-
J"

inCiCfit0?. Add 1 milliliter 0i tLe hydrocuinone

....L' ... .-. . -, '11: '4. - .5 .,.‘ -.-"... ‘.
colu.uioi.zi u -‘-ll¢iilj.be‘9 (ii 0- .thl. tmioliize

uq ‘_QY
‘Jn-e »;
t"‘OC ‘ ”31:1
4: 'C.’
u‘.Ae Th-

before a

. .v-
.1. "
.- ..

To.

o-A 6‘
CO??8PC

.9:
.L l

\a

‘—

4,

a
( .

-A

V.

J.
U

.3
ant;

-d

H
L)
\-

to the solutioL in t“o voléxct:iz fTo~L Pnfi rijuct
f tLe contonto to f.f 17 937ifi~ tFe cone volfixe of
ocet°tc. If a ‘"rbi3it3 ncvclops ”‘CL adjustmont of
01 the n1it“ct in tie 3:;CENCTC" flask, add 1 milli-
f onioniu: Citrate solution to the volumetric flask
iii?“ tLL oociun ocotnto solutioL. Hoke to volu e,
l;t *trn far 1 Lour to Prouro confilet3 colo: develop-
color in tEe CcleuPn chctOphotncetor using 9 PC—b
9.11.3. rove le‘rgth 510 my, 933121“. a t-rz‘tcr blor : 2.12:0
a: curve containing .01 to .l: milligram of iron
elop color “a PbOVG.

1:“ Q fl‘meiifi

‘D—“A‘J-d o..- -u

g
A "‘0?” 1' '7
w' .’\.-_ --¢--lb {
__ ‘
NV‘~'~Q~‘I Q-O. «pang-p
. ._T An... r5?
d“- —-N ---n..a.-d-v-u \n. DML.

7“

(Kicro colorinctric, 2‘ p

 

 

 

 

 

I, qfivfi ..-"fifi

.1“..._—¢U—‘

n-~1vqf\_‘a .6
x1. 1 a As :4... (

¢-«

wry-‘-

'.
‘V

\
C/

gffiufi fl tffioriof"to. Fine oovier.
PL‘: ‘oric noii. S" pC“cont.
Sult""“ic “31;. Concentrftcd.
3»I'v- othLi.e. Fine ICVCCI.
‘Ctoooitx goriofi Port . Strder‘ Lolut‘on canta’ninf “.07<0 mi ll
gran :r:“onooo per milliliter.
Propare F 3.13 I .toniari y tP31'un pcrmonjohouo oolttlon.
Ad: 72.? milliliter“ of th Ctonfnr‘ solution to a 250
millilitort Erlenmeyer flock, t?c: aid "Tout 50
nillilito“° o? Eistillefl "rt'r Pod l n'llilitor o1 Cun—
Co:t*"t€d E¢Stb. Soot to 3013i“~ on rovuce tTc “er-
netfrnote by sdfiing ioiitm sul1Lito “o“Cor. Aroid a
largo o"coo° of tip culjlits. Boil 0’? the orcews
oulyhur CioxiCc and dilute to a lit r. Sock mi lilitor
cott“ins P.¢Tf“ :il‘i*“éfi of ionooneso.
'3‘2‘(""‘"-"";T".‘«T."
...-...» U' »4— ~-
Fijotto an Plijwot of 1 DO ?\ millilitovs. ooyonfing on tie ofiount
of nonyrncor proocru, into F ?j willilitorc voltmetric flPok.
A15 1 milliliter of "5 po:cont :11r1h031c ooii, (fivtt to 75
millilito“" ”it? C'ir‘t".l.l€"1 "o 1r, 98? ”.3 rillilitor of

‘. 1 ‘ L, ‘V v A L‘\. \~ ' '. ' ...” . "‘

CictiLlou votrr to alloy 10? tut evoxorotitg. Lil vitl
4.1-. L: . . . ‘

o t 1"- Squ:*:: rot.

1'“ ‘A an~ 'RAL‘ 0"- n"0 a “ n‘ . 3- r" . : 13.. .. .0 L‘
ivce in o v “ .4 t ,; 9., oil «:31t ,. $-111brfii? c1 tne
I" ' 1n ' . n. J J. 4." F ', 1. . i. L‘. .0
POLlJfl her: Cite, mil «flu lot to :1 12 +30 PPpFT bot; 10?
Q 1 ~
one hour 01 more.
‘v- ~ an”. o up A Q- '- ~ . v 0‘. v« -1». .. L. .’
Cool, 1? o to $11119 i1 20C:"¢937, A 1, P_; .0? 23¢ uzticol co:—
m};
-. ‘w- Q :~ -. 01-. 1 -- “ 1‘ A - ‘ .‘fl 4 I." J- . 3 L‘ 3-“,
olvfi f?_3 9 " =0 1c “,3 C- 5_3 ”3C ;¢-V ,-_101 witi v-9
n .- .. 4.. _1 1.1“-L1-
uolcnor Pioitrt':ot1mwu :.
‘1‘? 7"?) mVfi-v flmVM,
:mU"‘J-.- u.-A_ V ..._'._.J
”'1 ' ‘2 J- P J- ‘ 4 - ‘ l - 1 n- —. ’1."
11‘rv01w1 n .iorisui Jf rxi1o~mjvr :. tut: r1?.1,°_- 1t1*..gur:1.lo :1 L;
: : '11 ,1 .1- 1;“; .01 ,3- .. -,. -.-" -. J. A not' 4.
fi-llll:. vs V. Att.1c -1? q 9031'~ _ “-11, do 1.-., to
n ABA .,:1 sown. : ...... "1.4.x . a“ 1 :ww°1:4. ... p "r’
.LJI “-11-;1 no 0_ Lbo_ “L"C. Ant 1 1-111-1uo- o- 1; nor-

! - w w n w .1

J- - . -1‘.‘ £ 9 , -. — . a v
cent Lids Lcr-c oci , 2:“ 9P001Cm so CC'CPICFQ obr‘e.

r3::«.:("fo-) + 5113” o->rz-::-—-o,+ 5:210} Ezra

.9 -- '1 ._. ./ i

v

"-A cup. ’.—— A~¢ "'7‘ '°"T ’50— If.»
?;--;QU * ‘3‘.XIO"* i"&fio+fio~r\ .... b+ 17:;;03+ s,-;nbv‘.1

LT . .. r

‘10

- '
.. " v' «r‘
:2':4.Ol*;'—,‘SC‘1L+TL~* :':::O}.* 2-- * DU.

1‘.‘ ll

. ’3
l7~.

'1.1,.-.-‘°.. O
\ [L_-./L.‘.-....-- .4
- —
---‘—.~v»--AH'.‘ WW ‘Aw‘T.’\"".N Yu— “. ..-.‘A
- 1

r..-~~;l-— s.-- -\.J 2-1-4.u¢..L\J_.Q J..-- ;-&.;.-

-\ o A ‘

1».~-fi-|n ‘-- .‘m ,A- J- - fl .-‘Lssr‘ ‘-
1. : . - ' w... --. 11* UAbL C.- La... CU
O T‘ 11 -— «“4- "' ',‘i v- L. a -qa ‘- ~A\1--‘\-fi1—
11. JCVL". u”.t 01 («l - 1 U C . u“, 1. x.fi , C,C
q t. ,- I" |.- ‘ ~V\'~*r‘ "or d J- w. .- (w
‘ . .L _ 1- w .-‘J

r, T ‘Afi‘l “of a: \ p|n~~\.~ “V(‘

. ‘- .Ix --c - ..A 1 L5
A

'5 9 Q
C draw ‘n-~+- (\N I "jsg 7‘ ‘ [-1 - \Ififififific
. ‘5- a. L --.! \ \,.. 1, .1 .V- n
A. .5
u N ‘
(w ..__‘- -.nj _‘ .na“ 1],. -..1,‘
4 \ ( A . .
\A. Abx4 .u I «J _ -u
.. ._
MAL“ .. Mr- “-1“
,. A“, C 1 Jim 0. 11

's.‘ —~ a I y _ .. _ \l U
....

'D~~:~-n-~n‘-1~- ,3 Lu“ n-"-‘~--L
‘fix J... .o

 

 

—.—-——.—-—. ————--

 

 

 

”ric‘loroooetio “oi7. 7.5 rercont oolrtion.
".~.°.L~‘ 5,~L{~—nl-~3 C" ”nan
_ _ ., Q “\ ufi‘ V "' V""‘.
hfiAnw'fljfi
-. , <v'V ...J . --§-‘
v~ . .r- 1 ‘ .- . 1 ..11 -1. . 1. : ' nc'
ilooo l "P"L 0. rice, final? froono 119:1 motislol 1“ o 1;
.....1 - .~,~4.~.--1 r- n1'7r
m111111tor1 be: or A -9 mil illvPT° o- 101—80310» {0)

Stir gzitlr for 30 minutes in on ice both. If the “loot moterial

,g‘. ' -£‘ ‘. ‘r 1 3. .. ‘L‘, ~’
aLLores to the CiLC 01 as bee-cr, woo; Loan wit; a L12-mum

:- ° 4. ' L .. A ' n ‘ : .0: ,.
percent tricoloroocetic ac1d b0 tge r.c1tue, stir oni 1-lt~r

w-
?
t

'5'!
—-'» ...

motor'

1?

‘\W I
I '1“,
~-—— 1.;

s‘ .
..11

Y.’
v.‘

“Tr-njv
‘ ‘o-¥‘-

I .

-e be

.-
I
o-

q

t

 

 

 

o .. , ...
C . u e . . 1-; — O
. . L : 1 c .1 1..
‘r. LL 1 .v — U ‘ (I l
n .1 .H *1 ... _ 1. ... n
l O ._ 1 Fla LU a.“ . 1 n... a...“ O J. v 11.1..
1. 1 at r 1 n
t my. A; ~ 0‘ . #31. 0‘; VA a h m- .
W...— s... n.( PJ 0 \ . . 1 3"” NI». 1\ o
..L. r n. t q... a. H. n. I ..-.. .; 3
A4; 0 Pk unity . . ”a w u OM —. ~.{..
all” Q .u 01 an» .1 h ( at. N. I 1 .— Ao\. IV;
C v . \“ *U “u . . AU 1 1* H J O ‘1... n
Q.‘ .- "N “L U .‘l A n N. .h IV . . .U fl:* 0
t O .l a: w.” ..J. .1. .1 . 2 C .... “.1
... L o . .1 .1 _ 1.1 _. .1 . . .1 .
o wwg LO r d n Q“; Q... 01.. N“ u.. 3.“. “MW a. A...
Lu r. ....v, »U n... m .1 \. ow; «an ... 3 LV
1 ... t d C 0 .1 .1 1.. n1 ... .... f . t .1
.n . L .. .u . . x
1: m1 1 1 u 1 r r o C ....
r . . L 5 . Lb .
_ ... n. 1_ . at My; .. 1 O .r1 7. - . J. .1
u. 2‘» ... :. fiv ML . - rt. ‘0 L.» L
.11 :1 11 ML .1” :1 it 1 ., 1 ml r1 .11 .0
u ,. M n... t 6 .1. . 1 ... ... .w. . w ..- P
0.. 1 -. u 5 “L ~ u. .... y . I I. . 3 u *
. 1. . ~ +V I ‘ ‘ _ .
mt r .-. .1‘ an. .D .L n” A. 1 _ m ..-. n . :3.
v... n“ t 9; 0 Lu W . 1 w; h. ., L- r- n. 1
n1; ._ 1 U S C . . . .1 1 1o . J. ....k
6 0 Rd .0 n\ fl M. h. . fly I? .. v. ’ .o J. L .1.
‘... c . .m ‘AU {n 0C K L n. I 951,. ,I E . IP14 .1 F»
n c r r .1 . L 11 m. a .4 I nu u .1 N
0.; C L U fix. _ H “U. C 1- I ‘71 lr‘k. 01:“ fl. nW.¢.
w “ 01 fi.. 0 ml. 1 3|.- sAJ. N- . L an %. O . . I... C
t G 3 M1 .. 0 1 .1 11 w ." ... C l . 1 7n.
1... .. .1 .. .1 , d c S .. . 1
( I... Q . I ‘1 O LU ”‘ LIV A . u. - v. . a .
1. t 1 . .-. c .. 1. a. u .. s ..1 s 1... t
« . rt 3 ( .u .. . 1 .
Q. .fl. 3.. C .1 .1 n. r1 . M me n. l 2 . F 1“. . 1. T
.u. W.” O n v ~51. C n. 3* CC. c.~+ x.. .u. a. . .... VA. A1 V.
ac 1. t P .3 a. t .3 X l ...1. .3 .... ._ 1 a. 1 a a _ ..
A . L v C. n...“ " ... n .U r. _ W M m). V~ ¢ « . h .1 . _ mm; L N — .my
|’ t »L an “.. “to C fl.“ ..." Oil. .9 hm m. ... HI . Ow..- " ‘4'.“
n1 8 L 1.. .1... .1 "u I. L c ..X P. 0 ~ . O .1,»
.L. «Q .1. Lb L u .1 L a C . 1 n. O C ‘ C— r 1 LL. Irv C
Q _ x O. . . ~
tw . r .1 .1 at. G o- «I. 1» .1: . . w. an O m. . g .1
h e Kw 1|; w. — C h hr. 0.. . fl .\ fir a‘ . 1 1 r} A9. a.
x .. 1 t i n - w s c .. ... . . . ... c. t .
t C 1-. .1 J n ”I . 1 .1 1 .g 1 . mu. ...1 T u. n.
PM. a. 1 «L 1..“ Lu T .,..1 n1. 1‘. n1. . H... n: ...... M1 v a L --.
(V “L My o-* P. 0 old. P; ...; Lu A1 .1... v ~ fit I. C 0‘1— ca.“
- O ....“ "I“ ... 1* t .... or.» A.» .-. 1. v. a... T .1.“ a a .1 #4
.... AI ".1. ...“ «C - 1 l P t . ... (L .l. 1 1 1 1.
. fl 1 n \ v-“ ... . 1 O y
a m no Pu C 9 ~ T. n. . .l . L. . . Lnt n l O «k sly
c e 1 n. .... i o ,4 i r .1. .. . C l 1 .-
.t R .p 1 1L .3 r a- .1 O o .3 ..11 a. . ... Mb F S
1. . a w.
OWL QC 1+ 01* t n‘ v V. 11* A.“ u «v ... r J .VW ‘ A L
l 4 1 2 C a n 1 n. a m1. J flu W ,1 .m I. C 1 . S
.1 A...“ o w... LL .1“ 1 «.1 n. nib n. n. 1 . L .C . ...:v C .1
1 ”(M ”Q 0 e “5. Lb Iv— PC 1 l I. J .41 ‘t. V\. A u OZA 011— ~ 1
11 m1 11 1V 1 o 01 51 « w. .1 r. 1. 11 o. 11 . r1
.. 1 .3 .. L R “1 C 1.. .. 1 e .-1. .1 . m. .1 t P. O.
. . . o. . 1 . ..
v. OW ~. 0.. 01.. 1* .ol Lb .«1 C LU u- fl 11, 1. . rx
a? U .L 1 e . a .1 (k .1 . mu \
(J ”T“ 1.»; ‘ ... C an. n. C n C ._ ... a... u .1
«.1 . T r h. M. a. P. .L m .1. 1H .1. D
. C .... .....b C A u ._
C 1U 91. . ‘_
V o v ‘1“ ~ n. F.
. 9. _ 3 1 M.» a. .“ QU M
1. t r . ~ P n a .
(U k “I . E W . _ . W H A...
fikd N. “a” 9..
m. w n ,. an.
H ‘1...
w W o « ...
~ 1 n . D.

1-».

.—.‘«

an ("n

4.

 

 

 

 

 

1" -
1.40,.
w 3.-..“ -.,,_ ,3. 1"”
-;- Kn“ 4'“. ...—...K. -i‘\ 5:12....L 4*‘J‘;.
—b—-——o«-. - ...-“.-
!:r1 -1-\ fl “'5‘" 1‘ —‘ QA- ‘3 3. ‘f‘f‘ '.‘ _"$.."_ n 33
-_;v~ .L u., .-. o- .19I--nor .e .n L.u J;;1.;;Emr‘ c.
:V. L.."!" 'V 4" I ‘. 7J.fi, ._ 'L.‘
. W n 4 w-n ‘N I -\H '— , . . 0‘ ~, . ..
.LL; -..... _f’_ L . . l ..- . t; (3-... _ Um“! t C4»- ‘1 2.-. C L I"! ' 0... COT.-
h'--1--Qr\-Ln-.. ..-." ~.. '. “,3: lrp ..'1'19-I.-;. H‘ p "-1...- ...
VL-_‘J..' q ._ ;_ . LxLi ( ' ._L... .. A..._.;-_;.___'.-- DC- S; O; ~-L,-..-xq. .;'..
v, I n I J
. :- 5 ~ ~~ ‘\ -.1-. ~r~~$fi -
lLK L?) .- s .. A. C‘l‘.
QA17§~M o-Ilfi. F!-- olww-‘A... M
h Jag-..- .4 . _ .... -‘ v ‘ - ... 5’ _ A. .
O _"I A ‘ I! _ ' ‘ _ _ ‘3 ‘ I o h cw
-.- nag-- v7 .‘ r- ifirf HA A ‘~ . ~~ ~1 - ~1fi . ‘ .1 2
.4- (I'.L\C‘ -- {.1' .S C v ..._ .I .9 7.1“...“ ‘3'. (3C1--. L"? 12‘ 1.0 T.‘.-.L..;.L-
'I:L-..... ,6 :° L-‘I'I .J “L... ..-- 1" xx-n nJ-~
4.4.. ‘ ( Cm. ‘~ 19 «1...- (\ "| U'.‘+ {‘CH 1'. reafJ—K Prclvi‘r.
c4‘fivw n1" -'-‘w'\(«~‘..r~n’i'c3
.x . ~ .' -J «u.
Lani. . n... 1' V'" h . ‘- I. An. .~1-I.-1°:.
vi." ‘II'L.3.‘ Fr“; .L -..:f‘r 1 C1— i_'-~1t\l\r'- U0 11..."? :1 -..L.I. -- ....l Ut‘lr|:. 0:19
' I
‘- r
0 1'? 0 fl .. ,1 _I _ ' 7
‘1 Q : ~I § —
x117 JLtur 001 1:3 C.. UIL1L£PflH “gw crzg,
‘ o a
v- n Q-v .va ‘ --- H. .
.9... I)‘ ‘ 14.1. J. ‘ " .‘-..‘.\-_ 1. 1 l.
ca_“o n _o
”n.1c .c.d.
.° ru- - -... . .0 1-. z n 9 'I ..., 1 ... ..- .. 1 .- 1.- wan
ELL», 3." S c. c.h. Var-c (c1; cr r “ C Lzel.mk e u? .u ...0
V". .ij.1': 4'“'1C‘ ‘,-.L.‘ .1: 11")“ “1 ... ~ p A y r~1fl§o\
o-Aié..£..~-¢... UL LI I l U-- C:..:.:) U.. CKL \l~ J(.‘. . JO )0 ;-U .1 .‘J 13K)..." ‘ l
-. .-.. -.I. I, .31 1_-1.-
-.-;‘.'..O- _‘.'-~.,:"\..‘J_ d...» ’3.
- —
’3" 1.- A nr‘ ... .. o ”.....- l . .. 1,. n ., ....91 31:1.
;_)19.°Q_LVQ u..-) ~1"). C_ “I ‘ ?-O igi. C31? Uluf‘ -- .‘_.‘~r .-....L ...... .17-;3
a: fi fl" .— l'! g“. ‘-,‘ ......“ fl 3 10‘1‘4. 1 [I o 1013‘
i... v...‘.l_ ... ..C- 1..-...{1 .1_’. .2- 2-..-C our. (1 five to 7; 111.] l ..LCI‘E!
' L‘» «7 3 L 3 .3 a ‘ .n L .HQ
1" U. (.-.L S‘ ‘1‘.-.“ _l_ (\k 1 K L.‘ f '
hvrxfl.‘ N““.-:"
1.-.- U. Oaxa‘w-l
f“ A}? ~~'1 :"-L -55 - 1~ ~-« 1...... 1‘ n ‘- n‘,‘ s a” u 4- .13 -.-,
.0 P -; d -1.;1.0-c V0 3m< - -1rr“ (a; P: p. O n. a- J .0 10
‘31,.‘QL n cs-L .-.-q. had-«‘- 0“ +‘-d~ A ’j v: 1.,Hfi. v; ‘-a “‘fifln
7.3. ..--l...4.L"_-l‘t, CC--L-r:..-l-.{f L‘k'b 1C! 6‘ L.-.r'-. -'o- .'.l-.;. .7...“ 3‘: OJ. .~‘.‘..k L.”
- '- ., J‘ .0 ., 3 al- 01‘- Lfi,‘ -.. -- --~'— 01.3,: r
dLORtr. I- .3‘ “..ba ““0 hrcvfi.u nu v.15 50-nv, --- J
:-v z :4... .:~ 0H1 °‘n °‘ 1' I.” - 4-: . - n {,2
"1-_;7__7_-w¢1‘? O. O.\.‘ r. .....I‘lr- r C10. .Lf b- b SL/177'4-(32-. l -I L~C._'_.,

111.

‘J- k, ..-; -- .5-‘

‘ ‘ A "- . -_‘. . . . ‘ --L-
935 5 <r0?¢ a: * F hTO‘O—'L0191 OILQ a” ”0- ”“

runniniun lyiroriio fire“ 53 Crnv until the ““lFfi"fi trrns

-"s

.‘ ~ . - q -.~- - a A - a ~. - Qw- .
1“7"9. ""nfi "-u ‘30 #3 To” -- re? (2‘0 13 OSLOF. J5-°“H “071
g ' A . g I ""-

fl ' 1‘.- ' 9’ --3- ... .- . 1' :.. .. .. ‘.
rzunr €"CJ a; .ticn. .: W.v- 91? :6 o- t .0 bw5“GO£ tde

...... -.. ‘2‘ ‘ A r. “4' .7 »‘ -L - «~. A A. L',‘ .
PMM-V-CH d- are; r f;e;. 1-. 41. P: C-_:Cu n: VHO bino color

‘- --. J- r’ .' J- " -‘ 1-1. ..‘r "
acvclc.mcnu is J mlnuue", br0v1c—h thu.c fire uSCL.
l. 2 rillilitar? cf r “‘2.“" “c7"* “t:

o 0%. a. ‘ _ ...-.. ‘ 0
¢ 5 "-111_.trra 07 4r;rAé:-;cne cclatlon

3. 9.5 miliil‘ters o. quivn succw“«~n solutio“ '

Kfi?fi Pp to volvwe with distil;cd wntmr. Allrv t9 ctbnd :0 minvtvs
9nd urasure the colnr in.¢:sity. Tie colh“ iLt rvzty is
constant .rom 0.5 to & hours. Defirrmine the phonrhorns
concontrrtion in a colorimetmr rwfv; 775rn‘.wwvr'lefigfh nné
DIN-5 (“P31 {‘x""‘-‘ ‘

...v \ \o-_\..r...- .
A Jinn? ia r2“ entrihing q11 tho rergcntn uvrfi in who s";.;cw

..‘w

Q 1
Rnu firce up to Vp-ume.

Tiff tfvc rfinre of t‘is net”cfi is 0.00? flilli”r?fi9 tn F.? milli-

n ' I
r- r\ s i M ‘ - \ ‘v
yrvm 0. -”“¢ “fir r.

O T‘.'~flr\-\'\‘.'fl?"‘,fl rfl‘flflt'.‘ (‘5‘
.. , - .- .. ‘.,. .. v-.. _

Dunn? ”Tr; :»
... ‘u‘u J-w ‘d-uI—DC

o a o o - 3 ~ “,g. ' ~ 0 r" "0 '9:
Pivotto a 5 Tll"llt€‘? al.0fiut of "nlvrnct L" lttn 9 .5 L‘1’_-
: «9 ‘~ -‘-- a .1 v ... H '\~.":1. ' -‘ I. ": L.1"u
-. -+r."" Vr‘ ‘ TI‘. LA‘ C' '3' :11 - _‘ -' -1... l -..- “" F‘ x. 4.9 .11 L10...

T‘. ’ 1 1 '0‘ ‘.‘ r" "v 1‘ "x d, 7 ‘ ‘ L- . \,. . ‘- -. . u . an
-ncc.rp 00.0r PM; rent n..-c9; (rs? . p. Lklcn ea 13 goctLJa ;.

 

.- .L ....‘ ,1 -.‘. . a .. -L: 1. -._ a w- ,_ - . .
Prcwfiro v.7“.Pr- n 09. or“? 9011.;an C02;P1.‘” * e C°fi0 c Lebntr?~
4.: -0 1 : ‘,"! ,n -‘.~ “.33 _--!-.,,:.,--y._ n K ._,.- , ;\
U...C'.'.- O- u?*C-..-Cl"D CKvlC \ 6-»- P '1""""““"‘;"‘L ,‘g-d . k'L‘CC'1ul.
«1" “3“ I“. P A A“ A“: . . ',:“W . - .r-~ ‘ — ~--.. ~ .-g. 1‘“ ..
Cw AI - — :0 v'o—l, 2/on t .- 4.1- . ..-..Lypyu " ..w: --CI‘QF‘. :3- ..‘J‘k‘u.
3 " J. 3‘ 5“ -~
11. L"b.le LFuCI‘ . toswrz‘ 1::
T‘”"""*.‘1
J._.Jx~.:——~ ‘
".-.“ .. «.1 ..:.-. :‘ o
- 1‘,IC ..-‘ilup 9C4.\-. 1.1
~‘g‘ “-
0’».-l -A-‘~‘-~td
13:- 4.4 ”2" : °L.. . '1: ....J- .0 3“-.. z. [I 2-..; A" , ”va-
-- eu.e a 5 u-;1-llucff P-1q cu o. 'Mntrncu 1 .;.o a “3 A--.;-
'1: a- . ..--4..: 97.5.3- "I‘ r’ ...”!l:"!4- -... ...:- ‘.- L3'1‘ 1
.-.tm‘z \OJ.‘:..;L.J;‘..C ....J L--. thin J 1.'I__1_ 4..-;UC‘l‘b UJ. (,L._.u-_'_LC(.'
1. 1. A ...-~-"1.93., ..~ .1 ‘....‘. 1.1 - .0- .-
wcuvr ;.13 . £-*_l__-LYS o. l. n -rccm-orlc rc;d. .-13

. ~ I ’0“ V ‘l - Q 'a 1 ‘FH _ L .awvg- ‘ 9 ‘ .
rolat on y1.l oe aooat 1 T v-tm 1y pee» to “;-locnlozic

A .y -* A’“r“.’fi
Uéw ..AJJX‘..V- v

Q n
_ ... .n ,‘ -- _- - -- . “~\
ocrce t iucrdau_ )“QS “c--a.

GUS.

-.-

7'"
t

J

.vI-o

1

~O milli-

,/

A

lnto a

rnct l"

L;

._- J-

‘4-..

ll ‘“

.L..'.'
{‘UKIL.

.. 1.- 1.
.A.- U A
5‘3

At ‘

Copco
‘ K“ I sv'v)
h.r‘/l 0.4.].-

if,

S fV
.h»...

.L V'
I
, 51-. C
‘I‘. ~A .- '
‘3.“
-1
-5 --

U

-w

 

 

 

5-: J.
0‘?

3‘ ...‘.-n1 (q

.<

-..&b_.
mat

“fin
.....-Uu-

DY?

 

O
C O S k n 5 d \J
a- ..v r S o n n. a...
f. a. .1 ..-. “k “u
C 3 Lu 1 t 0.. C r
.1 r .l a.-. C U .1 3
q. .. .. e .n
t .E .1 C S r .... v. .
.1 .1 q _ .. _ e U. ....
n 1.. . ; r ._ ....u r O
.. . .1 t .1 n... O .1
.s . .1. m C m. .1. U.
1-. w.“ .0. .w _
5 : _ 7.” U. n. «U S P
O ”M ... * .9“ e ...U 0
C .h 0 a... 1 n u .3
VJ LL V C q: n D. a:
a" . n... ... . .... ..L o 9
C ”v... p.“ 1.“. LIV H... t
a 1. . n n.-. A7. "....” e
o m... t .1 .l G 1-..
M . 0 MC. .0 n C as m
e .L 1 O a“. O r b .
t n .. .. t 9. n .. . C a... ...u
:1. .1 t .1 Lb “U H 1 L ... .
.1. a... w. .1 C C
.1 . u- a. e n . t fig C —m A.“
l 1 “... .-.. n S t.
1.. C T .1 S O S P
.1 V ... u .n . w... . ...... u, S . _
m .1 L u a... 0. 4b .1 r U. ...;
.E P 1C. U. 0 r t
b. n... v. V. 1 3 M H O .1
t A. 1 O 9 .x up. w w
.0. .1 .. n . M P. c S 0.. _
:L. .. u a- P- C an 0 a... C
O... u. A. I on ‘ ab H.“ an“ 0 3L
9. 10 Lu .1... 0 he .3 .
“L “.1 .x r .1 “-..... m
C C. h . C O -.L S A. .
Lu” r «4 «fl n... a; C a...
a, v. a- n. a. a. r e .1 S N.
C F .9... t n. S t t n u S
u f P. b O .2 S P. r
a. w“ r .1. C E ....v 0
km h“ . J. c r .r .
C P w. n a; ..O. m n t .... ...}. . O
..i ..i a C n 15.. Q .0“ n no u. .
0 Lu P w * F r C a... .1 O n...
O 1 .1. n... .E ...h 1. u
C . u a.-. .l P C O S t P I
E .... O n M . .1 u .1
C P C S 1 P. D S e l M...
a.. . cl 0. 1. flu. LU nu C C fiC
t M . T «u C S 3 l ...u n
.1 .... e G .0. O
O P, e n. .. my 6 ...... S L... U. .1 ._ w
m . 1 H... O O .1 .. u u. . n /\ S .. u
1.. n- 0 e Q ~
6 r .i c “z .4
V C m. r 3 .
Art... ”L A e O F; o."
3 P w; P d. m... D
4

11¢?
t-Hh
.JJ‘U'

R.

~1nce
ture

~rw
J.

&

.‘I‘o'n
‘ .

1'"

4"

“‘C.
By

544

1
.L
U

. ‘..
U
LIC

'1‘ v
n¢h*‘b
0
fl .1
\IO

01‘

'0d

a
. .

9t

4..
U

had

6‘

0, ~‘

u

‘Q

‘
l-A

.0

r

tract"
he

4-,

(

LHr

“A.
.1
I

"-8 O
J—
VJ

\

p

._

.,
.".'e

v. LL
.? v UCI.

l

1.‘
11:.

o
.‘A a
.
“l J.

10

‘l
‘

'16 01“,”7‘111 C

9

‘—

Prev:
‘4»;

- all t

e

. 1

A.

ier '

1111C

J-
U

Q C”
‘Q‘."
v..-

L...J

s

Q?—

 

 

\'"_"'l \

l

‘ .‘.V J.“ E'—

V'f'fif‘

:I'o

E"."‘.?‘I'

--C'CCr

L u
a...
..u
:1.
.1.

a...
T
9.

1C

0
1

ntctr

l

‘

£1.

7']

vo 7

'L

1

1' r:

U‘ 3 t 0 'VO

Xe

v
i

1‘19 F7-

1

trlc

’3
\r

I

volum

(3“ (’5
-... .

Ann
L

.
Ax.
o~-*

L
u 1‘?-

“ C PT.

A
s1..-

C

\

Pw:“fi

4.‘ 1‘ '9':
u ‘8' 1.1.1--.

‘3

(

H

-.

Q.

Yf'C .

an

...

C1?

Lac-v“ ‘Nw
.--.» v .---2... ...:

g
F".
(.‘

trn

"vt- a
\‘4.L\ .‘

gsosr‘

gorus per

.
' 3110.". --

r. J
F».

q
..
(2..

V’MM.

.
1n
csL
‘ U

\
U:

61.-

(-:
-.

{\Y‘J‘
\-‘

.f“! a
O

0
“i
1L; .1.
-_J—...
.4. U LL..
C030

13:16 tr
0
V ‘
.L 1..

u.-

w
--—
..

YO
n“p

.1.

,_
LO

 

q-fi I ”V“
‘L’~“.DV.- c...
9
’r‘wr. <~

\.l

0'“
~ ~ ~
:4-.-

3... "qua”
‘ L;

f‘. h"-
k . ..

“l
1....

..

~-rv-~I~'-~ -

1

\‘V— w .---d

1"
-m.

7"“r‘.

0‘3

1.
U

o‘-
cu. ‘

~4-
1v.

- ,i.

o
L;

'7‘ 7'“
‘1‘

.
‘fi - V.‘
.".~.,_ C‘.’

1'0
U.

C.

r‘I‘OSCZ‘.

A‘- 3 ~-
V;)S Cu. -

3‘

r"
L

q|

u.‘ .6?

100

1113

.. I"

..llw
o‘...

.L" g
.0.

“ficoflsb
volUJ"

1‘
-..L

W to

'7
1

'.1L"._".'C 'L

I

C

LRQQI~
Q

.
Q1~QO

p

‘1

... 3...- a L.'..

N

C“

:t 1-

.L.
7."

6""

'Y

"330
‘ U—a.\..i

I.

.1‘

.1

.
l
~rfitap

1
"~\

~

intr

,-

0" “711‘ O

01?

\.'.

DY“: ‘7

-.CPI‘

P.“

--.

‘

st

198

.0
J.

velow color and

(“DOT C:

Q

.0
k
1.

J.

“
v
.E

‘4

.LLL‘.

“ .
w~ fl” ,- 1 q-
J; * \.-.\.~..-.JA.
-

P‘F‘PHT “-"f'M‘YWF‘W 'M“7‘ ~w- “7’ ”WHO
Av‘.‘J.1~|.J A‘~.._.4\.---._.L- ...—o.) .I.. .L‘J‘l... -U
’54 -. J-. r 4| ~ '5 t ‘ c n : 1 1‘7‘" 1y .
A. ifGrPPF 102 a; or rye o: HCAL nt3r01rvls

 

 

 

 

. V " ° ° ‘ n a .-J-
;; ”'“Z'OPIC Pray. ~5 P“TCPAU.
' " . «I L A .-
I f‘ ern. w (“)0 “1‘. '5 I“.\. l__" Cl‘ch..U. '
.‘—’n—-~-.---s fl~-l‘1r“-‘ fir, -- ‘Q‘ 1“
. . ‘_ 34-1 ‘ -- -2. .3-‘7 tJL L -U.
‘ ~- “.3‘ - : $- 3 . . 1. ' (A. 3- \-~~ .-L u-.'7 away ,31
o. ‘L ‘.:‘I_ ;~ » :Ti‘.--:“— {31‘ JO-L Ir“‘\“*‘{-"t—“‘£'J 1". L‘ r {_ .‘J lJ-~ .L— 'V ...V' ‘5‘ .
A- - —.——-.- .A
.~ *-._ ‘-.. --".3 fi" .....-3.,..33..&
Q L—_.._, A J \.¢_ '\ .-. I~J " Lib ~‘U.
“gr-RV?" “
-..-. V—b—J“~A-
- ~ 3 1.. ,‘- ° -1 -- n t “.34. “3a. ° L. "DA 1 :l::._\.
l:Cl;’-‘L- 1 {:Mn ‘5 Of U'.e .‘itfb- ' kl... -‘n UeL .Lk-l l-.. L'(J C' 3.11. 1.3.4. .5. U3 3. g,
. ~ 4 I I O 3 1, L..-‘-‘ ‘1 ‘_ A”
.. ’5 P ..-. 'i .. .3 J— 2, P . ‘ U ." ‘ ‘ _
I‘I’fl C: fl: 8.... -'~-‘-’.- ...04‘ I..J.J.l.‘.1.L~/p..: OJ. L’-A.SUJ.4..._€;L-- If: v5.1.9 up
. . . .‘
-w '1 i1 - 0 Ar 5 K-v \n .1, 3“. ON“. »' ".-3 “1 ‘- -r~ ‘\.'1'4‘ ~7-
LLl 3-te:s o h; riceuc ”LLlJCHLC.¢C 3313. 533;; “H-1unLv
:— . -- , 3
U0 afh‘d;‘{‘f :‘l-‘»J.3L .
' w ‘
.3. ,.- .L .0,— 4. - ._~. - .31..) 1. . .3 Mn .11..-- 4- 3 ”9L3 3.3 ,3 33.3.3‘ ,- _3
JL‘ ‘(3 .c" V ‘L-¢‘ s." O P‘—-(J'- n; 41‘4‘; ‘LC’ .1.- “’ fl?! llJ- “:_“. U—n—(x o: I'l(-’l (I‘LJ K-Ahw th‘k'
. . Q
.1 v -. ~1. 4. n ‘. ‘5..3. 4.x ...34. ,3.:,.'V v-3"- 5,5,,3.-..3-1..
f..." s.: OC\..A“‘. LI-IIHJ. I.‘-' U0 1”? P—L \‘ll.-4'- U.7e ..g‘u‘\,§ 4(‘-L L ---L\y‘-- ‘ K4;-L-.A«._\n tC
4.1 '7
A" a r. ”7‘
k;& 4-..- _'...‘ ..‘S.
Q
'5 -7 a r n- J- Lu . ‘. r In. w.’ 1-n1:‘.3,-~,~... $3.“- ~2-
grf‘f‘ifT'u ‘13.: -1“; P.” 4;}?- C_‘L:. 0* 3,79 (HA. 3’. .~3 ...3. 3.34.3 u--€
' o w 0
‘° ' ‘ 'L 1 41-“.‘u r . :4. :3. ... .'n 3.33] 3
" " ""' " “ . r‘ I"? 3 L... ‘ .—
L-;c~tiug 1~c:. L!t 13 cco , u-.“.*3- -4 *u.o « VD d4--¢
1-; ~...,3~,. 3. .33-“ 3. -...L.,.,3w:,.d 1... L1. ,3".-3.:-3.3 ,3: r3.“ ..- -_,.,3:331.
-..l UQI‘G U'. --CA (. .33“ £;‘\_-;’;L)‘ . J-_.' r kl - U- C \--(~ 3 _ U...‘ 3. .. x L - _ ...l£ .3 L --U
Q
‘3. --. --.o: ..!L‘ 4.x 3. .3 ..r' 1,3,3: “1,351-1. ."1 J
{'C'I.;3§.~TI I :.I.Cl—J. \ e 9’ 51.“. ‘5'..C n-b' ( — p L‘J,’ - - v U-L Ox-e. ‘0 ~O¢C
2 f: AA A -:w~:1.°1-...,.r a 4.‘ - A: V""C’A”
*‘“*“""1. S“C“)C-“;-Cll P3: ., - .J .1, 344.3 ‘ fi- 3 , -3. 3“
1- -° ' L L ..3 -... F'MJ ~-. 1~~1 Jfimv— 3-3‘n4-1Afi
VP"U““_L wixf“ her '5 F, f" K' 7“ ~. i,(‘ L LC‘L t.— . 84 I If ..V V4. ‘-
_ A .4. ‘- _ -. n- L‘

—Lr 0
Q Q ~ g L I .0 A a J. 1- .
r‘Qv ' fl . q 3 n 5- A; ,- us" 4-3 ~ v \ h = fl 1. —. A. '7 .. 1- _
.4, t-.€ r . AUL'I..- '3- - 4&7 \_./ 5’- Cf v—C‘ - wa 4; “Cm-I 3-3' :1.
.-AL «P - ' .«L ‘ ‘ " -L A "V '1 "" ' J h A” L
‘ 7., n . g. v .-. ‘3‘ fl, . a A, , q - - ,. o -. . -‘
J - UC‘ ~ .. .A.~-. ~J.- ' L- ‘ ‘4 J3: 1.. I25 -;..._...Ll ’ “L' O 5-.) )L.“CC:.U
q ‘n~-2~1—-\ rwn‘n " -. MAC. 1- ‘qnsfi “33--” ‘ - -f~-‘ I . L ‘- .
.. .3 . : _ - . A. w -
O ' 3_ .. L‘4-l \ —~ .\ 4L. . .L‘~- 3 .1 ...xj -. C 1.. ‘._L" ‘ . OVA ... -‘fi J C“...
How 8. o 4- {AH .51 cu, '4. a l. 0 n1 1 o w
34.. . s. c, y— - q ‘ W5 ’ ' u ‘ 5“ On ,‘gns -‘ A..- a‘ 4- 3 A - q - “a. .c“;.‘-
" ...... L— Pé d—--\/'\) . .v — 4' - A-—-a-—.--L._—-. J -~ 9 Vffi“- \ -|_' V... L - .-n . --, 135$ - -- . 1'3 .Ld—x-UCML
..f“ L- :- ..- 4. 1 -:-~ ‘- L' 7 .7 ;.
w 14 ifi‘fiv ‘5 "‘I fiffi ffi-‘ Q n - 7 -
-- 13. -7 -1 o7.-. :- 3. 3.0 ,3- .0 1r: Luv-139" 3m.“ :11“ .71-..
h “lei r'WOV':‘."‘ 7.1., ('7. '71. W‘ - \" ‘AM fi“ 4‘ ‘Hn
D. —-r J1 ‘ AL‘-‘ 'J L -- k. - nub \»|3L’.4. — p ~. ’
3. ..J
.. . fi 7v ‘3 Q I "V J— o W a. o
.3 91 H s4 . ('7 5" -~ “-- -.' - .1 a Cry - r7 ‘0‘ ~ - fl ~~“fi ~v r. -». v1 4“.' a - - as q.-
(‘-C1‘..J(‘, - O .r.. “--»- o.'v..-. (~- _’ “. H. J— 'I' 1‘ U-‘ ppC~—L ‘C L --‘3- CA.— -.C..L‘--k yr
0 Q ‘- .. I_ o ’o _ w Q < L 3 __ «1 L 4’ . ‘, ‘ .—
“ ’ A-‘v -. V‘" V 7w l‘ n ,0 " " ". 7‘11 (N ‘ “'1 *‘fl ‘5‘ '31 u‘. ,“—- .
.“ b_‘\‘.) ' - h...‘ "....On i_. _ C A ._, _ . .‘ VC) 'l-. _\ ..¢( 'Jr‘ _ . . ..C . ‘hi‘L . ‘—~. .
I. I.
ma “(‘vrfirfiu «*1. ° <1... 7. '1
yqr . -5 -. \K s»-1 .. .J-\.J-_.-. /* ’. (I 7..
“owgfln-‘gfi‘
-.-..'.U- ...-#0
P-.-3.3-.,. 21,3“-.MJ- 3.70!
5‘ -' '1' ‘. a... ‘-. J ’ -.
Mfi .
H. o 1 u _- o _ _ ‘ '1‘ 1 v 1 0 AM 1‘ . o
3 H F,- .“' v Q h _“. -. “filx ~— - hA av. a f s -- fi-\ 1.~ Ca“
fin—ld ~‘th-L‘- ‘. *~- ‘2‘- 1.. ‘ '- \.' U'> ‘.-‘.€‘ ‘ ... s ‘0‘, d} . 'I" If: 0... cob—J. loul
‘ V nf’ a o o
fi‘Q‘\/—_"f' “ _\I\" . --“fi- p. 4- ' flu ‘v. J'f‘ fii~‘v tfi t 'fi“
C'- i \l ..'.A-' UC n--{\ - 5_J but. . 'x‘ C13- S‘JC. .Vn O U‘ fr. 4.1.2.”! \ r l \ z]?
73,3 1.4,31 @5144 'v‘ ““3345 (n ~.:71:]'4~ r A: 4-:1-1 .-
(..--c..-3 3.7-0 3;. .33., 1..- t L. ’7 1 1-3. --1 mrr o; 3 cm... 1-031-
fip’ . q o o J- _ p q A . - 1 1.
mrfi+ ‘H ,~ '7— 1 7 1 7 “a A '5 . ‘ *7 "n $~t V was 7‘ -3 4')
..r \C-o 1 ,‘ u. .....-.......v{.’ .- 73.3 t .. 4- 3.5013(3- Cu‘ 13.. f 3“.” 3‘3
_ .‘ ‘ 7 _' L L L .' - ‘ L‘
'3 5‘ ‘- . ’3“ 1 ‘ a ,- 1 ‘31 w- — .— A_-q ‘ 0 A .‘
3 f‘ u- --_-- (’3. "L- u..1‘ .. -L P - u .0 >3“- w - 13.. "XL-C" v.8
I. It. J—‘~ o o 3 m~_ o o A a 1" L‘ V Q a L.‘
‘~ ‘i r" . fl -wfi ‘w .- ~ o.\,f. v. ~ 0‘ a
C - .1 .;.I CC Oi. u .9 7._(1 4.1. - ..L ..I 1;) .~.C‘11’77 Y u- u_. .4. C \..K 4.. u...(“
o
‘-
O HO ~-."fi7v‘fi 'A .5. (.....3 a -~-- ”MI‘fiR-‘nt'- 1 >s15r~v1 A 1" - -,-~“_Lh - fi-:-~r-
._ ( L A .I ._ .- \s - (' a- ’ .‘ ..‘L .. x. v v \ u-.~‘~A.
5.. ~ - ." “(K ..‘11 £ '3 ° L -~ 1 4... fi
1 '5‘ r T " fi‘vn P n A _~~ f' 3...‘ Ga ‘- “'
i3 r) \_. L L ’ \ .i-x'. A- _ 9 4-1—3... _.._. .... .L 1' L J ' 8‘1. .1. -~ U ~ 3. _. r‘ .A ' - I.. {I w]
.2-‘ 1. - 1. 0.30. " KC"? ...3.- ..r‘ .3 ,3 "7'.“ 3 1'1.
- m 30 c3» 3'11-1- ' '- '3; '1 .7 w .1“ 'Jr
-- . .... _~-- "LJ a'd (J . .... ‘ .- -- L ’2 .. .- -—L \ Q
o4
"7‘- 'V 1. ‘ ' J.‘ -7 1 ' ‘ ° ‘ ’ J- ‘l ‘ -
. ’.‘ 1 u. (q x 1 1a1- '\ ~ ~ m-y °v fiaa‘q Ar! F '5 . “I
a...C C-i;.-- V-C'.'. -3: b.~.l v4 --.. r “.4...("\ A .L--.S-’\\‘. l--v-’ L ....»l J.
-- ...-4.3.3- ("7,337- ,33-,* -.3; 4-,. 3 ”.3- 1' s- ..1- :‘3 q
07. -c - _ . e u) 1r.-._--.-L. I- ..r‘ 3, 3-. 3.
Lp- - 7. - ~— :- ' 1 ' ..- +. .. 3— , ‘ 3‘ . L- .. 1 3 ‘.L
117"" vs‘q : K‘ . _ f, \ f 1". v fi_ ‘A‘ . ‘.'
C‘ U. .4. I»- . _ r—x .( Ll ...Lf‘ ' K- I“- u s: .1 4. o .. \J .. .. ..‘J
L‘ -w--I.- - _--- .33 .0 1 .-- -7 .0. - Tn l-‘
1 (w 7 7 t- - v. ‘16 : 7‘ 7 t '7 ~ M~~n« a -
37,-? -. -U_ .. .-__._;_ l3 _..-. -:--‘_. .- t’ -bl‘ 31-..-3- . .- '0

 

 

...-‘- J.
I
”(3" ”(5“4'5 '3"(" var-s '1'5 an. . v Sifxxxl'rx ‘ 9~~‘q- n“"“ I: I... . ~~~ L1.“
.. ..l “‘___-\' ‘- r A- . a3. \— l . 1 .L » ~ 3,: . , l _ 1‘ ”‘4 ‘__"l 7". __ _: J,__ A-
'. '.r\ .1 1 I n q '1 n o o o A
' ‘1‘“ . '\ ‘r‘~'\:~ A v. a. .0 P‘ ~,— «Q! ‘ ~ 45- - L “‘4 A". w
-- .- ...-- .- g ,. a - CF: -.. ---.l'l._ --u..- *1 3- 90....—
J‘ .1 4“" 7’7“" ,‘.“\ " (‘1' {‘7‘ 7’. ' ‘-
v‘ L "é- J~.-' l4'\,, . .' . — ....‘_ ‘.
wfi\1‘f\.~.'«'.“7\ S. r" 7‘ -. “ ‘~_T‘_v 1.“ F f. . ~"" " ‘-I'«q “L ‘s r. ‘P w 9- 1' '. .4- --\
_. V.» _ .77- __. --._.-- 3. .. _ 9 Eu. '_.._,. 3‘. . L.'.. ...L. ....
“H—C —. “..-ru- - _-‘—.‘»“-
A L‘ n51n--H "~ 5 ‘4-‘1-(5 ....” w nu I v? ,- - :_ ‘ 0 CV ‘ n '1 nw‘f" 9w." C-p —- +fi p, .‘:-‘H.'
1‘ ./ C'_... L1... u U“ 1 - .3“- .L “I" w. « ‘ .-‘... L. .J' ' - $ " -." '—. C) U‘ .- ... ..qu
.. 15:. 0. ° 1.-‘ : ‘ 1--11 - L .3 .7 - 1.
’," a ‘f_\ , ~. \Pifi y 3 . h - ' vfi _‘1 '5‘ i~r\., q‘f- A
C’-» ....k zvt L . L, ‘ ~ 0 “ e- k ‘ -. k» ...s’: v. .L...‘v.\a. 7. ~ v0 - --\.L . . \- e \.L J UL;
h
10/) “‘1 1, '2 .‘ 7. " 'NT‘!‘ 5 “(VJ ('1‘1'L“: 1‘74 a .fin'lfi.‘ ‘ 1‘!“ %.’.~h"1~f\suf~lr‘ Air/7.7“"
*_ _ 5.- .. --...- Vt}- .x. ‘L .. ~ . .L‘. V..- ,..- 3.} - _ 3-- »_. K... ‘ L. J. 3 \ k \‘ k1. -
-‘ . ." ‘ '7 W - ' Ll '7 ' ‘ 1-
. r~ .- 05“ 7AA” 1'71er..“ 11»- fi r314 .- - .1 ‘q , - H‘r‘ (~191- -~.\§ A
9' C‘ ' 4'»- w. t.;_ . .‘. 'i“-. 3.1..- C C'-’ .... CU ./ C'v. JP U ,.'-C A.-. \J- k L‘ Ll'u
0 W ‘ 1 O J c I 71 g Q Q
fifva 7 ‘Afii‘.‘.‘.'..n -~ A 1 r. r .‘L --4~, £550“ ' HA IIw-‘rA r ‘.’\ v- - ., g. r- 5- p
r «1.0. 3; u- . L332. .2.) “-3,-{- ..au. um; .. ..J aha-V 31:}. 4.-sz 1:10.143?
1- o a .1 _ o W a q _ o J_1‘ fi L a L)
-\Mhfl’~*fi 7" “-7431. (s. -~_(-q r a—“r‘ .1 , _, o-.- C -‘ «a .. . ‘ -‘$w~ ~ gag 1
' '-n.--L-..U \. 4.1. .. CI ,3. C~J.'.u ..1- 1. ¢ 1. -0 C. - 'Vl ---- _ 1’ Luv U .1 ‘ ' 0.4.04...
r‘;\/1.q.‘1vm *1\-: Ash“. '!\'-H+'(\ n 0"“! .? n‘fi'fi/rflflf‘q
0.1L” . 3.“. L .' .,_ .‘~ ~ \ Q \a'. ...J -1 k U _ \. ‘ - x .
w-n I, ‘7 w Ln 9 '_ + ‘- fi 1 J o
4“ vfiua 6P.;.~"11 m-~'~r~-77 "n n fit- A 7 P‘ " 1.“ ”a
‘1 A r‘ r. ‘. ‘U . IL \ A; ' wv’a 1 3 \"~ ~ 4"») -.,! J~~- v C " 8' E“ bis/Cw — F. \r ...."- K- «I. J».
.0 1 flfivp .
"0.4..le i 0
av- ? O O '
ni’c-nrflva 71!: ’71 .---r~~-«.~ c“‘ '1 ‘7 ’1’ O to {1737117 “N“. “1'1"”- ‘1. r
y’...“ .3 ...In . I. 2 Jan ...) .. -.l Hut-5 Q._,-a.,‘ x. .ku vvv ...—--...-A u- ».I
'—— ._ “I I“
‘ '3 C." 73‘" 'L "“ I .u' f 1 r‘ ‘ - 7. '1 1 7. q ‘. 4‘ ~-‘~ "1 I, r‘ 1 ‘- .F" 1"” 7‘: 1 1“. e
304. J,“ &. U’x-L . J.“ .A. ~' ‘A-----.~ -..—L'v‘“ 'V "I..- -\ -t U--. «U— -. --—'
Q
4—,. 1 1 - H.-. ma 3 1 9.1- fl «Lam: ...,«~,,-,~-,m1 Ca",-
Lu. _ -_ -- L . ...3 .4 . u! -\-.. W‘— - - A“ ' . "0
a v: I
64"“! 'f‘“ ‘ . w-(\ +‘ K A _ .~' (gy\r1 .1‘V“ 1‘. :i “N311'W ‘fi”(‘ '13“ 'p"1 H (j’.?('" 7 h‘ A“‘
QL, __'. r,_ k‘_l . j, u L2 1". i.—-.L uwz". )1... ._' v- < «I .L'_I.__.-w\". «u; ...u ..z.
°'-‘*r1 rag-fr} ...0-1-v :13; a...“ "‘._'w _,..‘.3...‘..,--_-.,. 9*qr.‘—fi 0‘5““:— f‘ 1fi_n 1'7
1L1 '5’.) a '1'. - - J. ...]--. - A. L ‘- .4 .A ---4.“ ... k- - v ,~ - — - ' - . l v.) [1.51 1.) . ....._ 1.) I
..“fi, 1‘ ‘Pf'FP‘ ”:flflAw...’ :.,| “A .-:fi'7.:‘.°4—',--,,. (.f‘ ,‘,.:'1,.(1
I ' L1 0..- -;.~L’A . nu- ... 14. ‘ -.. d' .. ”Lu”... . u -_ » .z -. ./ -...- 3...
.4.
Q 3 II
(34";{1160 ..nL‘,“ :1: n "Th V3 f“ -..-.‘Lnflfizu-Y 7'"; -‘ 3‘ +17;
_. «...... 3 .- ... ..~~3 .. ‘ ~ .3 .. ,4 ._ . ..L. ..4. 4‘,
Q '4
3"“ r‘ t" “1 a.“ 3 ,a .5 ”n5 r1 A q p. ,- {A \A r\. N L‘,. :1 5 f.“ f' ‘3. 3‘ f" “1 V' A. |. l
7.“-.- ‘..-.'-~ ‘ ‘ l -.-3. . .3 J... ' u-..-4.3 A.‘— L...” _..-. k , t ..-L-
.‘9% ‘I 3, ~. L: 7. Irx-lfl , V‘Kfl A‘V‘L‘ifl ‘ A ‘ .‘~- ‘1/7 ,1" 7 ';1\1\- fi_fl'.‘.‘ (3 :1“‘J‘f-“ LO
J.l..__.__ ......— R-.. ~)_. C\4 b 3‘-- J\ n --‘ In a. p -..‘V‘L .A \J -u‘- \-....__~ b \ U
1A l.. '1‘ ,..911.-.1;4.-..,~ 711.1...fiL 4"‘15 :..‘:.-, 0...|-(‘7.-,., 1--
q 0'. ...; 4-A_.L4.--_L.—V'\,_\ . J'*U.'."U(‘ U 3., _\J\_J. 3 __.- ~-\’--L‘ - ...‘v
1'?! L‘fi 1'“ (.4 t.“ 3 ". 3'1““ —f'fi 4‘ 7‘ fl ’- 1. .n“ 7‘. RVy" 2 . 1 A LH‘QN.“ P, ‘ :5“ 'fi ‘: _‘\fl 1'0"
.. v. - 9-..; . ...L, ._) --_..‘.- UL \ :._~.. U ‘,‘-... ‘n3 3 . ‘1 L L. .. ... -..— ..K/‘ 5' l
‘ L‘ 1 .L ‘ . .fl‘ ' J. 1
on 1 v- 1 7, 7. -1 "1‘ 1'3 a n ’\ r~~fi. n 7n . -. -' _ A,"
p 4-6.. Ur..- tr“...i-\ U -- ‘ - I a C 4~A\' .L 3. ‘ r1». J .

1 ."
1.,.

*‘o'

.- -- 1

nq-‘rfinpxfl L”-.. “p...“n-vrl.-- ,9 4.x”. Lay _-,..~.n, 1.,
V“»-—‘_J VA'» 5» 44‘- -. —- ~~ .\ u-

4 A 'W ' °
. - «‘,9~~--fi
~. - J.A.. ‘3: -. -_ .l' . ‘1 ..t....l.~", ~ ( -

 

. #/
"rv‘ . ‘Q+“~P1"‘ :r fi‘r :c n 5an "wow
..-;..v .A .t - ‘ A--. ;J .~ ..u .1 ’1‘: L4. nu.
s.‘1‘-‘-.... I, nflgfi fi,}~.-L:-.. 1 “‘
..' — \ .A. 5 x... J _ by. _~ ....
"fi.— ‘nv- r“: w-wL’ Ir‘ru a. “\1-flflfi44'51fi L ‘ ‘ An " “" w w 3 1 : a-aw 7‘“ ”7’ 06K
Ab' --e ...‘v k---\ V .-- 'uv--L./'\---.-I UK. -. 5-». .' —..-_._.;_ __._ I’- 5‘ u ' 'v‘ ‘ N
‘ _ Q + - , '7 o .5 Q . «'1’
"t 1:10 C \ 4-- 1 124.“.
r ..J .) vU ... #.-Lv'~ ..
31“,..- 5,1.-1‘-.-
~‘ . w ..- - --.

 

'I -~ -\n«-A4- +h~~fl‘~ rqs~ ' rvu ’ a" fiLIaan ‘ .-fifl1 ‘3-
.L r C UL-.J ._ U ... V - 1‘- ..-x. u: .. -LY? ‘7 .r‘ \.......I y‘fi‘. -.« U- CCl’lU‘kJfi.
.‘A‘NW‘Vmfi
-- -.Iu“—- -.."-_......:
m c 1' L. 3 _ + _ _ 4' a 1 L. --. _ ‘ , _ + LN- L
1 "A 1f. n . -.. _~A ~ 1 f“ , A nu. u ~ A As? ~--- ‘1 ~\.-~\
-1 q S]--. O; u-‘;, __ ~ h u . L . .v 5‘“ ..;...Cu. . O C ‘ 1,-.u T” ‘ L”? v
W '1 .L . ' L ,
n A - no r. ‘A ~
r. L... U—-€ Cw ‘ '(‘r ‘g‘ o- I L! rek LVLK-.
. - 1 - g '7 .- J. . . . -v 4. ° . 1 .1 1. 0 - ‘
\“fi- 1- .‘ 1’. Q‘ —fi“ “A N‘ u. A. a ‘ A -‘Q , V. A Qv
_.A.‘. t: A— ...—L“ V‘. - :1 V; C — ‘ - \JIJ-h.--U —— . .1 ' 5 0 me ~11 ¢ Cu. A..-\. a ‘4 JL 1.-Cn

. -. .. ”A ",' .1 .
f r“? \nt ' ,‘ are ?_.9u '1?“—

..1

4.-J_,,;..2.._1-. "‘2- N ..L'n. .. Lx-‘ -...-.‘-'1. . - 1 . 4.,

41-1 g-n .“b. L.. "P ('17 ‘ 2-: “- c V.-.TVVL,.“;'.11:acc "1c \Ale

.. 1 .1 ..° L‘. 1. L L.-1. _. 1'. . 1 s. 3. - ...fifiw r- m-
t;bov C-O"C¢ 11V“ U,éJ u. L ;'27c~: o; u; CM m; Cfihcrs. Lue

“'1 -' n : - . 1 " "v.- ,- «4- y L' r 1
tIZbO‘." RFC ".J‘Cfi‘u. .11". ~- V’JLNMI‘C‘. 5‘4?" i?1‘-1-‘."3" '."r uCl‘ .-«" v-1 ¢OI‘ .1.

° 4L .1“ .5 1 7 ,3 .9 _- L ~ 1 3‘. .7. ‘- .. 1.....- -
"a wfi‘ .4 ‘3', a“ -. “v ’u ‘a‘ .4 fig ,A fi 50" - . Q ~ , c" .n
.-..-..l.'.vofi. d.-.f-~f F .. O ...-A...-...) .L. .v 4...”. ... v‘ .... A‘ C-.S LL... *-.&..Q ¢-'-.: 9";

J. . ..r. ,.,_ 9 7 q ..t 3.... ;y .3 ., ‘ 1.. 1." .\ A .t ”,0 1.1-, k n 1.. ' v ., M a .0 -d 1-

L?) I. J'»..L£L '. LIA. ‘J L’ ..‘. .33.-. 175;! D...'_ 1 5.,» 3.24. U-JC $-92. v.1--ii. :4 Lr.L‘J ’ t¢l

1- -‘- n ~ - 4‘- ‘~~«1-n - Q ,‘L‘- -o— Au - 8-,‘-. I‘V“ -.—, ‘

211 1‘3" '~ "‘3 13L. :OVC‘i U0 0 CL/_. '.l--...:~_~-'1 'u‘. l 0:- J. .‘ -- .A ~ ‘.-~ U NJ. - .-\¢ L'JV _ Lt-

1‘ A ,' .-L L ‘ - J. “50 1 u. . ’1‘ "' 1 L 5‘ «L‘ ,9 ~

\ 1 *\~ ‘ '- ‘ '3 'fi ‘ < v . " tn " '5 H 1
..O-L .7 u;_g._‘l\/‘J fl. Ev, ¥ kJCL-U JJ L. ‘1 O o:‘1J-J.- .L.~-'~ UK u I 04L U-.-€ ‘) II SOL, In]
: ,3 . ' 4—" '. -‘ \wfil ‘- ‘4- .. q n ~ . 1 1- ‘fi “ 4‘- ~ a buy-
.LO- 192‘, \/:3 V'. gnlLILA ,u—‘h~t p—Ue S01‘ v ‘ 0-- kvrk.’ 'I'1 _e\«. U0 U U-L U\;IJ(. J

,.....w..1..'. ...9',-tL- :.-- .. : 1.- fi". ...‘°'-w,-~:L-._.... 1' '1 “ " o.
V'OJ...‘..-ul_.C 1... 2:. 'v ’, - -J.L.Z.O Ca... Q... .L«./ ..;.;_.L.L_..ul-.-." Q; .1. .. ...,‘JVv .

5...
"'7‘ L. 'L“ ‘ . J— i- " '. -~ .- .. -L N. .-'.. -. P ‘A a.
LAC uni-03 are Tommy- to 13.:er C0371(~1;0..l----‘l 0* t u: cam-

_.. ’- fi-A ‘ . ' ... Q‘J‘ I -n A” £-.- ~« ‘QP“ Q—.. . a‘ -‘ ON.“ 1--. -‘. . .‘nu
tL.fl.'U\J \ --uL ‘ -1..Clk.d-‘dl- (1;. ve C-ple AS -’._‘-\n.¢..’ C’J. . - ‘ R'JJ.--"-V‘o— ’J‘v
.- 1‘ fl ‘ ’ .‘41— J- ‘ 4. ' --L . 1 L’ L- i. , 3 LT
“, n P . _‘ \ HQ. 5‘ . fi fi, N an ~ ,.
3. ‘)\ -5: lv‘u- ‘ LJ-L? u|€ J. ‘JLL. A'JVU : L’ -&\-- 5 :40..-. .~.U~\.-" ‘N‘Ao'sd. Va U: | k 1) u.; VJ;

J

n Inl) -. ~10_‘~-" ‘Vw 1‘- n -‘!“‘"1‘ ‘--r\“-,-‘ 3
-o . 'v' 91.. -I .-‘- V» ~.~- - .- U. -..-‘4’ ~ \r-..l_ --L‘ w >

~'fi 03> --.‘- a. flu rho F "- J“ 1 2“ \(w a 01" fifl. N ‘L. 51
,.‘ ‘ r . ‘1 x . 4.. _~|v, -,. .I. - v." -‘ ‘ -~ - ~ - ... ‘ ‘
1‘;- . x - ...u u L. 4.x»; . x. .'. t. w. nus. u.-J. Ldgl (ml. 03..) U‘ u .L La 1.: 3.... v;‘. -.
o. _ ‘v_‘ 3 I L-- J— o _‘ J» .0 1 1 L‘. 1 q a a _ _
n a‘.‘L . a - a .r‘ - ' ‘3 .\_ |~~ \ a -. 5-. . ‘-.f\ v {'35. v.
k -L- U“L_._.-._f -AL 51.; UL ~J.a.../-- ULA. UA.2 ufi'A‘C LL .Lv" 5‘..L.. '.’L-‘. L 1.).
“'1 ‘ . 'J.":- - ‘ .L .7‘ ".L‘ .. .-. t. '
q fi-,- -. 1‘ If‘ v-‘\‘ v- _f‘ »u f; '. ,w‘j ‘ ‘ 1- -. ~§
U“. .. -8 \F-— U 1%... 1.; v.- '\_- 0-- ...qu OJ. U.- U‘- ..._‘-'. ~ .LCA‘S.
,«vv-r "."1 I‘"“
V (#14 U‘ID
"F ‘1 L-f-L :' a - ~_ 1.94. .L',.. - 'w-. r L‘- '1 -
1 \ "1‘ - V"? “M . ,4" x 'r h 4" rx r” 7‘1?”
J... Le L1,:-\'v 7 - U.'.. U) ~ 04.9-- :2. .-‘L? '44 's/ J..- v., k '44. , -¢ ‘A' - ._\,. UJV V-..C f: ..l- ..e bl‘r’.‘ Q
‘L- ' !W‘- . 1" -v.n \ F‘ '1‘. a" '1 "‘fi"' " ~. ‘VI~ . «1". '\"fi L.. t‘wA fi"‘,‘\ 3-
U .0 a.‘g.L-L,A-i.k._& LI. .5 r J. EA—.;.O;_) A..- o"..~- UC,‘ I31 -I:/'4l U... ..’-.L.‘ LIV ‘1: ' - .... Kunb
- p ‘7 "f‘ i“ 4‘1 \ fir‘y-fi‘ .3 $ ‘1‘. I‘“ u" -— .-.‘-\r“L'1‘1-L " I. Pa'Q'fi-_*.,‘ a 1-fi‘ :’,A_1VA
LI- SLQJ 'I‘ .. 'U«—L- L“ --._.I1e. b .- ‘4‘“ -_ "\1.(\ 4-. C‘l‘--‘ U1. «.‘C Vt (- t;‘(»-J--bb --lw\r*-_\(~_‘
su‘! 7 1 3 ~g~ufivw~ [r.-_f‘ .,-‘ ~~I\/-. f. f} f‘ '3“: 1". ‘II' M: 1 1 : 1 -. J-A\‘-‘:c («-9 7~ : -.O.."1 --."- ("t‘
M;_.L_-.-. - ...?) J- 'v .L~_/'-J\ » ' u ----u ....__.._L_..'-..~...L.;- J— V--_.\u>.‘g_L -- x
V ‘J v
”Ht, ' -. "' "A” L - s~ fil'~ 3'“ n- 3“" 1’.‘ n“ '1'. £15 1'
704; .ug PLO “dam uo L°1cwl«.s VAu FMJ,“ 0* “33.1 +“ ,“0
fl? ’ (1" ".1‘
.h... I L .1 V.

Aiteuiix 10

.L‘.‘

v~v~~~ o r.“ pq-wn- ‘ r“- my-
' I

. A'.‘ . a 3
d~*.-o---..--JXL.L.4-- Uus U—o -4.—'~ ub—“L‘U

Ether Extrfctic“
‘fif, flfl-sv '1
.“f.uy...J . _’....‘.J
"pigh a R—Qrb; "finfile of iricd ycvicrcl filhnt ;r Grirl irt; a
,;“7 tK‘nfilo.
Z:L""ct i: Goldfiqh :frr~tion finit rith 5? fiiliilitors o: ot‘c
”or L laurs. '
Dcicrxftc tic ‘20:,“33 it vcl_it.kpf;yc “; Fffcr tin c*tr~~’
of tFC Goli7*33 5"““fr.
L“vvecv r¢?‘lt" :- gcrc3nd°;e of [rial grtorirl.

'1 «a
in“; .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. .V ..--,., "‘1‘

1‘“
‘v— U-L \ "

‘ --H—

pal-w -— 1 I. Q’th‘ ‘ A4 Tn-f -iv . ‘HT’ I. wV- <V“ _ -- Ion-4‘—-gn
: I . ' ‘ 5. I ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘
~\4 —-.¢_-J _. _+—-~' “o‘- ‘. >L-o0 ‘- ...‘L‘I n’n‘flb-fi-‘a‘ai-L‘LLAJ -OJ-\J—-~-‘t o---"—r u-Ll/
“a“ I A's-rm“
'V—.A' win—h ..
an o
J‘- “'fi c~__1.:. .A
¢~ J -J u .. v _- --.
O
A": .D " ' .° ' ‘ '1 ' J- .4 1" . 1
.. fio$~n~3 '\ c r d -. 01,3 ‘ ‘ ‘. 'I s .~ I > \r ~ ,—--
/’ ~~¢I -.‘S UA- \- J-.‘-k/ .h-LC ' ‘ ~LL— D\l .k— '~l ('1 VV‘a—C
. U ¢ ‘-
w u ‘ c H '\ I
c , i”. J. “ -,.-- .14.“ q‘ ._.,,‘ 3.. ..
U;’L._.\ l .J-.-. ..- ~_‘ v.1. ,/ , ‘J‘~..&La\-.-U.
Q ' § - . ~ ‘
“AI _,_,,_ ‘2‘ {‘1' C‘ I“ 1““. 4. , no“... ,. n..}. ”T ,.:,-1.,‘ -- 3,”;
J t . .5) v.5. x.) ‘v'\-.- “ma U.. \I u ‘ - v_A-'- U V L; k<~--l.‘ .. , L~.. .
-r J -, ... 0
‘ o o — -V
1 : 4.51.0 V" , .1 ,, L 1 p.- ,I, _
--+v\., -1 '~ \.~_,..v.1...,_vk.. ‘ 'Jk‘.
g
“ \‘Q; “i (3 ,3!- A a \5‘,):-o‘s
...)-..w b.._k,-. k4 L'V\-..V.
— 1‘.
, . _,
lfll ‘1‘ -" 0‘“ 1'.""6I 5 ha. \7""~""“1CI “’A ‘AA ~v'q1xj o L
4 5-. t --A-,‘ - U‘ A-nuLa \dfi'». VLL ~V “.’ J-.¢ JV} n-‘-w«--L‘—-d\.‘-
‘aniti“ . ~~L,v
~.—o._‘ U—.—--x\a‘. I." ‘1‘... .
A V n ' 0 ‘ L
.‘ I\ ,~- x —- I“ ~-|, ’3 -(\ 'r~ 7‘ ‘3 “
gv._- K . -. ~_L - -'-t. (J L. ler—‘V.
‘7’." ...]... _ «:0 (...’.!.‘. %. ."u ..j ,3 ‘ W‘r‘LC‘ ' “in .-
_"_./. L‘ -.~ 4.- K)... L “Lt... k....¢ \. .A-v- x._t., ,'~_...__» .\ .5.-. , '— AA-
‘41 {. -.. “"
~ . o ‘
,.-. “Hr mu”. N ”t “who 4% ---.‘
L... 4.... ‘ \- . -~ v-.. . Nay-«‘- ., 4--.. .,' v .. ..L. a. .L --L.
5“ .‘fi l~|uo ' ~—-—,q ~1 1.1.1 ,;‘~.u - ~ .fi‘yv—x"
~17. ...“. , _#.. ... _. .... J. ...‘ ‘.-L.s \_‘_...
‘F‘ w 0 L 1 ' fl ‘ 1. I L‘
.‘ - V- —\y- ~r\ .- ~ ---' fix I n (x- ' ,-‘ ‘f‘ ‘.. " ‘ CV" f" ,\ 1 .fi‘i '5"
- 5 ‘. . - _‘ .n - . .. \4 _— ’ J .. V r 5) ~: -~ u \'. k _ " l U/
-‘ m~4_ ~—-
. . - I, \
".2 ~ ‘ . l-‘ .\ n‘.‘ J (K uv- j‘l‘,"‘ (x _ wgfl 1‘1' \ '
~ -__..- ..J.‘ L' 1. .."IL' .- ‘ “t '- an. K.) : ' ', I .
U. N i I u ‘ A '-
-' “ c"4'x.--n fix’ 1" .'1
. . ‘ » -- ... _ *L- ‘ ~-. .- . ’J-l- ....
9H --.-Jv 7.- .f,,..,L.--..
A.__ ~ ‘. ...... .-\_- -V—L .
-
P;. -|, 61“: r. (-‘-‘r~ ‘n‘l‘ 1‘_‘1‘ ww- ‘ l -- "~"‘ \-~"‘ '1 r‘ '\ ‘ 3“! r l ~fi‘r‘ '
- 1 ' '. v . ': .‘k J. . L".-.. '. 3‘44 L ;_ U ‘ J ~'—‘k-‘ J ' .L K

I o A -’ L Q q a. Q
Q. ~ ‘ as . ~ ,- . 1 -. “\q I — . I} a, x
Lil»..- _.;._ 4. / _’ 4 K“, i (1‘- - .. V c U; .... .L. (. .. C k,‘ . .— «I
i ‘- 4‘-“ 1 ‘ ‘ '1‘ "‘ .". 3‘ ..- . 'A .. U 0 r. C: . '1 'T “ ‘-
.-.L unfit. ..L ~11. \ J .-.. - J .... :1... .1.“

...j

...

COWICP

An
u' 3:81. 1 .1

V, H

‘MQO’I .
o

.131 W _‘

3...; .3. ..-

*-

9

 

 

 

I.
-L‘..fi_~:.-.‘. 1,. T.-",-.‘1.,7.,
‘- A Lk_ - _‘ ,. - - ‘\ u .A .
Q " 1 a 4,‘ L .L " a f‘ 1‘ ‘ " ’ .L
x 1"" f! F ' , It RAY f‘.“ V‘fi ‘ " g I“ ‘ 3‘. a —- - ‘5“ —- Q
A \.\. 1 CK]. \J- 51—“; L’A‘AAC --v- ‘ 0‘ ~ .. h —. ... U \‘H. ‘ ,‘- ‘ —— ~ J '..
‘ L‘ ' ‘ fl" ‘ 1 A L f" A n a
.4..- _- -~ ~.. 0‘ .‘._ ...? a an ‘fiw-w ‘ ~ 4 ~ \‘Q .q
__ L-G Fib-'uar uua.wuh; v0. ;{ no ,0“ cc. 0. w JELCCLt
Q"'— “’~ A “A:
L}; ..\4 L.‘ ~—.
“v— .— 1*-“n-
LI¢ro\p“‘-’-J_'\J.‘h—4
op . . I A I ”A o 1 1 ¢ _ ‘1 I" * «L n o L o p
. . ._ fl . - -'A .‘ . .p., -. gm « fl". vq‘ r\. nfi‘l‘ r‘C‘ fi~n _ ~'0r\ as w ‘ “-‘ -- -. h —r
o.l _ _ \ ‘4 VJ /-- ,. ...... - l . AA . — n U‘ .. ' ' ¢--_ U- .o .— x .- ‘— ‘-‘ J.--“J
1». 1 3.1. ‘ " L‘- . ‘ . " ' '3 ‘ ‘ ‘1 ,AW ‘ V? q . - - ‘
‘4 .'\ " 1 v‘” ‘ '5 h.” ' f‘ ‘ '3 .'\"\'I i'h ‘,~
.--G wk) - k 1.] C- V .e --« -L/J— U_-L. \‘A.L-' ...L _ .. ...--. V- L’ \— .- x’-’. J . aA» 1L - ,
. ‘
o w n L- - ‘ o '_ o J- .‘ - - "W I 1 a t q o L 4!
~"- I" r fl ‘ r1 1‘ F. U ‘ . «. - - 1.\ -\ ~ - . - v ‘ gu‘ {s
4. ...--b LJ'4,V.-x.~ L“,'.- . L... . 4. «u. K, ‘14:». _ .ll.._;-_.4.-..u .3”- '4-
4 ‘1 _.
s
a 7'! - —(\ 5“ '1 t‘.’ w -I- I . ~."‘ 7 . 1. . ,: ‘- ,‘ 4—. ( ‘- 1. P (u‘ ’5. '\~—., 9" 1 - -". L (1““3‘ i..‘
o. - ‘ .5. .‘ -} ;-'--V _ 1-, ...--- . ‘ u... U‘.‘ _, J; . L. \ ... . L'O \.- .-
‘ . .1 -.
‘- IA 131 I: u“ s.‘ I? A . - a n . 1 [a ‘ ‘ , 3‘ ,- -. F 1" 1. q- .. 't.‘ ’2‘ ‘a “\“ r. ,— q“
J__k_ C x.- _ ... _ . --—-. \J ., n . A0,--. v, x. ‘ x - .5 .1- ...-.- \l J x v’.‘ \‘
M. 2 q Q 4 I‘ 4- ‘- 1 o u . ‘-
.
-'\fl“ ‘ , fi -‘ ;« ~V - .‘Q j»,- ‘ ~.- “ a ‘ -. v.3" ‘1fi“‘\ r \ yum DA'
‘- m ‘ -' J 'J‘- 9 a-.- ‘4 a J ; \ ~ 1 30 L 0 ....L U.. J I: L ~ ’ I. ...~. .‘ “A
.3.-!-- . .2 . ~... .‘ ‘3‘ t. ,1. a . 1'- p _ - ~
’--.‘ '- T ‘3‘ ('1 ~« '\‘.1 ‘ -\ a! ‘3. -.. , I“. V w, 1 .- , .3‘fi ~ a ~\ 1. . r‘ .
‘- ..U I. '4 LI— ' ’ «‘Lyo‘- 0 av . — --L& . “'~_v '- u \'.U ‘ "A- ...- .a. J» . ti. ’4. .L {2. .erL L'—
k b / V
'Q C ‘ 7' C O ‘ r I ‘- ‘- n q 9.
Fl \‘ M"-“‘ n-«_: L ‘A - . 43V] n- - i ‘11 ~~ fl ,- 5 1“;- ,~ L- «u ~5- 4“
..:‘.i.’\--.._\-.. ..‘.\.‘- _) Au...L 1. L I‘ . .3 Ci. 0' x .1 C in UK - O z. ‘ ... u. L C .. In. ' C
- Q ‘
V-fi: .‘LI“‘_."‘ T—‘I-‘h ‘9.) J-. 'r’ '01 “(1" f3! .' a “.‘."‘ 1- ‘ 'A A (,J-n.‘ fl-- -'I , I ‘~“
...--. 'ng- ~. 0 .- ... L . v-—~. ..-..~ \‘-- ..- ‘ . U ._ A- ~ ‘9‘ .. ' -_ . y - v-
- J. . L '1 1 I""" -. 4... - 'Iw- - 1 L .0 1
vs- -.— uq-o-u -, ' v! '30 3‘ ! fin . .r- «A n- ~r~ v 1 f. A.‘ x . \ 1 ‘A
“-...-- L..-“ t. 1,...u"._' C..L - o ---E? _. C = u__‘- -; L”? _x .1...” .1. ~ L4“: *C «t-- .L-. ._
I C 'v -
:‘IA.-~'1V 1‘ ‘n"_- 5‘ ‘A01 1. "\ 1 fl,' . a V“ .1 ~ 1 '71 . 4',‘v‘~!~ '_\.:'\ ('1 : ~L . W W C 'IVH‘L «7‘!
.-n.’ v‘ Q ‘_ .« - .2 ..- ~—-‘). (- -»-JV . - - -..-. . y l .' _ _. k - .' U 7 .-.. . . ~U' ‘ .
g
0 V 1 o
w . ‘, fim‘ ‘ n «n ‘ 'fi
..1-.-'\. I - Id- CO(’.~ ‘ 3 ' .L.-.
0‘ fl
H1 0. 1.‘ . :....t .h 1“. ‘:,.‘ .z-s .p'vn i- .. 4.5 ...! . 7r!,1‘.‘.\
- qgrx-A - .1 ~-\ ‘ ~ - Y‘ . h _ N \ ’
3.; .‘-r ..L‘ 1 s . -5.“ CV‘ . U ' -- 'J 5‘- v. P“ L 4. f U -0 < — A-‘ .- VJ v .0 ..;-I..C‘ O_—~.I ‘. ..\._‘ — .J.
L'w-y "h..- p. ‘:...,.1.',..- -t‘wn,1-..°:.‘ h“,.14- r‘, -.2113'I! ‘.,-.
N ‘ I P n ‘ ‘ r n I ’ x .1
. U--.--. o-... V..\ _ ... ._ .- ..... -. . ..U. - x._ .u . “..-... ..-..u\ .
- o
n-C‘ I 7-.L“1",~1 '."‘:‘“1‘ ""9." '7“"“r"“"‘n O ’2” ”’3 “U“ 371*n-uw “f
~. .... \—.—V \J__ h 4 u- |.- .1 ’ U ~ .A. a.‘ ' -. J- | s; - ~ ’ .... 4 a... _ ..-.4.—o- &" - " ~‘
’3”. -.> rg‘l‘fl '1‘." '1' ‘-fi ,P'.‘. Y -" ~~~ f-_ “'“ {‘1 VI" ' 1‘.“ f ‘. H +’ t 1 1 ‘1‘”. '."‘ L ,' '7‘ ”9‘. .‘ 5"". ‘ ‘1
.- i» p»--J -- v--. u ... ..l.--- ~ g. ”*v..- .~ ‘u-.. .-x .__._. - . u-r ._ ----
! V o o ‘- H1 0 q 1 a - o 1- “ -*_ 1 . _ _:\~ ‘ ‘ I. ‘u o .. .
‘- I v ‘ a ‘~ ('3 m‘ —-. , -~_ : ~ ,3‘ 1 . 9 \1 - ‘ ‘ - r. ya I v‘ r- —- - f1 -‘ . 0
\--.-’.‘ ‘- ‘..-- ~.)_- Lh --- O ‘ I) “5....1. L-- _- J. M: A3 ‘4‘"- ..- ,A-‘ 0' K C- .— _ - _ Cx-L‘l -“ ‘ .. ‘5 ‘ 4-3;.
r’ , ' ‘ 'v - '1 ' ' .P ' ' ' ~‘ ' ‘ ' " _ h J.‘ . _' - - ‘
.. ~ ~ - j " “.-. I‘.. t " fl ‘ ‘51 ,‘ (- 5- "‘ O. a . -, 1 ‘. W. .1;
J) ‘.a.4.+.~_‘ ._'- 4‘ .. 'J.. -51 JI‘J. 4.9 \ L‘L . JL~~- "- L - r' .. ~ ... v‘.L_ .....--‘-L...

 

*—— .
fl J.) ,‘-q~ ‘FT-3.-\~
v.“..:.a‘v-._-‘~.-...'~-
« .0 O 'Q : _’ “0‘ A 'I- V. on . o n
4 I.- o 3‘ C, s- L _‘-1 1 1 .1. p. ‘ Jb‘n"~ ": r‘l . A C“! .0 ~' 1 ~ .1: ‘ ff‘“r“
_ . q . r- l~ A..__._ .. -.~ - 1-- « .._ _ o .. ...... ...4...
.v -1 4...- ‘J_.n'; LI —
. _ —.
‘. 1 A ‘ O o-n--
fl, ..‘ .1 .. fl . ~-‘ yn, ‘ 1 fin-
"" U C. S‘ ‘. -.-C 1-- J. ._ 7 1 -.li‘

 

NW 12 '91

JUL 1 o '55'
IKE“ vii-33L: LUAR