THE REDUCTEQN 0F QUADRAVALEE‘JT CEREUM AT A MCE'EL ANDDE E’Uklf‘éfi ELECTRSLYSIS flash for the Dayna of M. S. MECHS'GAN STA‘IE CQLLEGE Wesfiay Eugene Parmr‘féaficfi W54 Y—' THESlS ' LIB R A R. Y Michégn-l State Lin." \ity _'__.,_: a . . . ~ - - o. - ..- ' .. z ' r . ' f“ '.". :_ f .15 ”E 5' 334‘ 5‘13“ _ 3 « _ '- .’3" ’ " ”“ Ir" ‘~ 'v‘v “'" i * ". P. ‘ ‘5; ' ; . 5...-” «.5 ---Lo1-&J. .J “44. ‘:_.‘w‘v"- awn . a. 3 fi-«v‘. ‘ t.» unu$ v'. 0 r-éo {u ... .6" .;- fl 9 .: ..._..-. . .r ' u . - . . . . -. u v" .5. . . ~'&&-,‘u11~‘ «1 walk“ .51 a; was-Lb . an! un\ .‘W ‘J 1 . ~ ..... fax: '9'17‘“.h ‘~g' 2?:‘4 W.”}\g “ 4": EJ‘Q- 1. . " 40'.“ 97' n'. -.| ‘ I' ‘ .s ‘9 -ol. ‘ u‘ . 0.: I-‘o. . .. ,, Lumiuilv «9:333: W $.93")! 3“ m») 741 b. M%q.ua {£9233 {x 79-» .c. {.153 {3‘ H ' 4-3... . “cc-ks I“. ‘ .. . 5> .1. w_ .V‘ . ‘-,»~f ', ‘4‘” 3:. .- 4 '1 «5 o. M ufi $3 53...? ‘2‘?! 91 1522': "’ Clad». vva‘fi $5.4 :iw‘Ava-i ~-*Ll~.’.:3.iw'3 , - .‘5 . w! ': . .43 «5-. ' w w 5.3 1354’» - £54.... -.-....-.mw:.~§ ’5... ad)" - ‘1’ 7‘; -1323 1: ’fl; what“ vi > .5,” 0 ' . .: - «q. mfi- . l,- i .353.“ t\ 4&3 2“ '-: "’40.:- Q?“ {ok‘ ou" ,0 9! . _-1:,. O\ ,a-xl'fi ’3‘,‘ 1r a ..—‘\ "‘ t' .A ‘ . d SAp-‘r \. -1. l ‘00 \.".' ~....--..x , 1' ”~35 f "‘3‘ a"? f"; 1-” ’ ... mi. ir‘ uni-1*: (Me \n ’23:. Amiga} .s 22.3 tiff. 1:13“ ‘ 1.3%.}: -‘ :.-3*B {$13 m1gtr'2wzm 315 fig 2.. 1...”; .~-‘ I - “ ‘I‘k". p,» '-‘ o';-,‘- " l .II\ ‘- I Ex? I of. ain’t .ffit‘:v.‘. “bin a; I; 9? 3",” k 9 v a ,i V F M my. 3 . .1 , '4!- .~_.~_‘b ‘ 9.1. ;’._£.’ 1-] I ‘1“ \IV 3 . g: : i ' Q ““ 1...! 5' f 'l j. . .49 n t. ‘n‘6 “fl‘f“‘ .c'r . &' ‘ar,u. 4';- ‘ £ ‘1 . I: -~K" {3”, $27.2? ’33. $1": in»: (3:53am: *2.) Emma mww‘L-n” .-~ 5»: W}. :: “Jaw"? .. £5.19 £4.34! W: ‘" 1.}. 85:1. a"..-I'e‘3-9 11.1.33 “TM“. '33 w ‘3‘. E5 L. «Mi-v32: {t : run-.5 L1... 1:}. ti”? ky‘wkyu‘ w’fiM'nr f; twéfi? my. 0; '3') s ,0 1" 53?? ‘3‘ - 3135: 30-x“. -,.: ‘-,. ‘.'..-.- 1'33 phenomenon of tin reduction of cerium (I?) in I buffered nickal Julian solution manning at a 11133-191 mods 111m current in timing, as well as what: it is net, was inmmtigatad. Sample): of the sciatica ware analyzed pa'rioflically tar cerium (IV) during 1.11:: can?" 0! the reduction. is patina! of anelyail émzigmwi to detect- AM we mum tram manna a! qneérivelena cerium in a 1:131:91 sulfate solution and dining-111111: it. tram trivalent cerium was d-avalapcd. This method was based upon 11m oelorhnetric method or flatamination at hexanlgnt chnmim which utilize. the oalor dawlapad upon aiding: dipiwnylu carbizide. Carlin (IV) was {mm-51 to be reduced in the prawn-ca of n. {2132191 mode when a cawmt was Having as wall as when it was not. The rate of reduction was immaaad by hmmaslng tlm enmity of that caution and by using nickal mats-1.111115 graphite . "N. '9 *gr“: «on “A ~‘.' ". jug} - ' ”'ryl. ‘0' an; ”I 4‘. 1 ._.;-.L;fis.~ i. .,-- --+*..‘+‘.-~.r“rr X:':'s-i?-}-‘3‘é\rb+$oeoanacooooaoocoaooaacaha-#000119» go’souoooto-rloolto'fi”‘9 «'5 4- arr-qr”. 5")“"-"V-‘SK‘FL‘u'qoflr’L19¢.Oau.04\01-'0_6‘:ls-(ae ¢<.-*.Ozwn-10’163'”O’fi'fi490f'792’5."“‘“ "\.'.. ‘ ~'-\::“'.‘_fi"h 't a. tin-awez-v:3-~’-&‘g¢q.\;y‘aggnggo; fla.flfl.90"")k">6.2.5in“?S‘N”3Q0507.fl'-,Q¢."#9 I! x"? 1‘13 -1‘ "‘1‘ ms..; “LL:g.4.14...5u0¢.e‘.6.034b80bflcfiiflfi3§.O.°95F°‘¢....‘..°.°°° I. .F-‘ *A“: ~19 o--q, , A -. . 'u‘vviwéfiv‘ i' "“"<“'o.9.¢~¢- cu vuutdb‘GDQOQEanlombbtdtoDQJQGH‘DOQQODOODOOQCQ flying-.5» 1.31 2”» u‘ “3.....9‘..;.'.~..-w.-2- ivé~~~¥4loogaoaaco;.aua¢ygroa ”94.0901. cerfieofiaooocnoooonoaai 3“? b" ‘5‘: 1. ‘3 M! W Tn'm'eu-w “wean? (:3 H;-L"~v....'r-—-VQ -.— 5.“... - ”A- . . 1m ‘5-..» H3. .ovbwauuwuwa .53 c..- «1% 3-5: M351“??? h: ‘3‘? 3.4.. “ml t .aa‘ 3xr~.3?4.:1g » .I‘ a . 4‘ ‘ .v .‘ E5; ‘9". m”: ,1? ,‘::::3 1:“..:~':‘~“'r tr»- $5.915: 5:1? 153.22. :1 f rim :3 ‘5 55°13 _. 1!, l‘. .-‘v,_.’r ' it“ .n. . "- -. 5 4 fl 0.. “a I p‘ v n 5' ‘u '- - . " 3 rar' v.:—~ 13.2.3.5” , {€qu :5? 2-6-5.” ~‘. .3 -§ fi'i’: Chmm‘te i" <15. ' $ (5??? ‘ “g 3'” $33.; "In: 0, J t:- 1&3 1553*?" mQ-fl #53... 5:31? -”"‘"' 58 1.3 511-48 $1.53 415 13:3.- f:;5“." awn-.555. 5%.} 1’? fix . =...,-.:f;.5 Z?-...-:"F:-.~a...-.x.;,’ Ce~.'.;.u‘fi, '5'"V ,. %"N 5“”. fl 3': J.‘ . ya .' ,‘ , .J'J .". ’. ~ .« to.“ .w at: ': - '3 4” ".8 ‘1' 1! 15:54.7 - i. !’ 3‘ 1w? " “FL 'u’k" “ -‘ £13,127} 31.2525... ‘..::i.i.‘:-.~~:15.u 133.3 '31 at - 5’; '3 ~~ "‘15. ' 4°15- -.:&'."D “Q‘- C53 ) .v. ’-. .:a\1._. . t-(Ifl A Q _ ‘ A: w ’. 1‘. ‘ :6 . A; ' ti 2‘ .: ”g A ... £." :5me 01 “ * ' ’ 6"! ‘A "’7' .43 ‘I ‘é‘? : J J) 15:1 u‘. 6" P f“}{’;é"?£‘ mi 3-1“ .4: If .9 .‘;‘-'T*.vl -.‘?‘. H3. ‘ ‘7‘) {‘1 b‘ -' " i15w93w-4, } '~ . . ,. .9‘. ‘I, ~.“‘ ...--.u=‘-.. Q“ I..Al._. 3:591? 1'” ‘1... M? 5.33% {141‘~§::¥‘95V3 5'55: 5-3 V‘£"~;~"?Y’5‘1¢3 '1: 5—2. 1513512.}: 1.51:5 5 bus: .51"? .9 1' K u\- | ~¢ . v ' ’9 - .n- , 5““: 4 k& ‘;“ '.‘ ’- ' $1. .. 5}?" ii” C.) P. '"sfli'fl" t‘- it): 3""? “7 ”1.3.751 31' 13214333.;WIT... 555.43.573.13“ 5:53 5:49 11-4 5 ‘1 .1! .- 9.. I ~ .1 pQID‘ .. O' y ‘ - v l .,..1 . f , u. ' :2 , * 1. a .: - ~'. ‘~.‘.~. gu’} v&hb J" . é) fhm’ a E t t 13?. in: ’9::- ‘3‘ :0: 3.. 5 ”'55: in} -\a‘ .v t‘. v 9": 5a! 2', '5... -0005? ‘11.: “I! \9{!- a .v i .. ? ‘. 13‘“ L). "' *. “.- '3 "? ,.- "0 ',;- 30‘ a. i'..',‘ " ~'~v ' ,_ -- -—. 1‘ ~ . 35.1. , .. mam: (" ,3} r «1;: ~ 5:16:55} 11:51.: 55:55:: a: :5“: ~.:. 1.»: 75:2. 5:: 51,11,251?» 5:15: a: EL we. 1 a.” 5"! -" l‘ ‘1‘» ‘ _-_ '3‘. 1‘2"»: tit?!- c*- 2: m; 1.10 an 52': :tm 1:..::5. «51‘... ‘7'?” 1!"?- -..,“‘3-.. r 9:: _::5; .--...--.-:.'3 war: 3:" '- . " ".- -.,‘..~ 1 "~‘ {'5 -,,."..‘.9 .‘. ,_ __..‘.'.... .., . . . $352: 25:55:53. :::'.<"5:.~..::.~’$ Q ‘ ."‘ ~ I 9.5.5:: 1.“:‘1..~‘-~;~’.ZE.".:. i: :21, a $-51 1m}. 2M“-.:r, W?“ -.~. ."9 .2 ,. r.» 1:... . .. . . .. .2 _ 1.1.132?“ ti: 5:13? $53.55.; 1.11.: 3’11.~.;‘...~.~:«14:13:15,, {52.51.31’“H. TL. 8 ‘1‘ 55T- 579.) Wms‘i fiwi’: —..~.-«3":"t:.*:.‘z ‘15-} a H... .4 4.... .p a. A"... 1-. n . ' :3 - .. .. ....- .. .. ‘3 be 1m 1:, 9:15.51: 9.. $.43 512::.~.:-.;":':-:5, r31 1...} 2".» n:am.:.~r’...; 1:5"..1' a: 5:31.13 @3533 $155 1:“ ., 5:. 21:53??? 2'? ~15 e 355' r; v”: «.2»? fif’f'ifir‘é-‘E‘ih 8:53:12: 5.“: -:.;:~.::“:ia‘fl 31:3; "M"; $3 Ivy .1MM5'.'.1:L.€¢ {g 3 545*: {‘3 i5: “11:15:51.: 3..) {55.3. 7.1: «.2155 1:53 5:75:11.) 42:31:“ rmgxs. $2.42."... is.) 5...... .213“; $33 v-51: $2.3... 31.5;ny max. 11.1w G‘s-3323513593 5'35! 8- 954.11. 012? :1 312-14.”... i‘5 02.....“.i .32.“! "’"" ’ 1151133 ‘51.“:1213 VSPQ £33131; at: 11265 "5:. ’27.;19 V3653 Wafl may-33' ’11“? 5.5:: 513;”. '5 .‘i it; {it} . In files: 95, :a~.::~?"é*‘:>-.:l 5mm (if the 113:3:51155—5’2t r:::--.i-.;:t‘.?x;: of eh; ii ‘15. (2’:) 55:51 magmaw ‘ m... at Ii gla‘imma “11mm, his 62...; umt:.-: rut-:3 tat. 3‘23" a ma foams: $5.13.: com on a. reducing agent in an acid lolutions whore the reduction occurred. Bancroft (10) than stated that were we: no hauls for explaining the anodio reaction. by assuming the intamedioto {mutation of H303. Ho genera]. agroomnt for the cause of this apparent mm m ohown. Therefore it was desirable to deter-mine whatnot thin effect van peanut: to iron, otmiun and 332153521230, or 1! it also applied to other multivalaut salts, and to dating m of the fact-cm govern- ing the reaction. To woompnah um, cerium was crown when in reduction from earth (IV) to carton (III) could lac/followed. This was done both with ma without current. flowing. Ho method for the determination of caution was found which would detect it in true. amount. and distingraiah batman the respective oxidation “rates. However, I method was de- volo'pod based on the colorimetric metmd for determining immalant. 1:ka ulna}: utilizes the color developad upon aiming diphenyl- carbine}. (11). ' e . ”fi- 1‘...» ’2': "‘5 5 u.r~':,-.' ," f.” '-.‘_- 212 2.22 22:73” 2"" "z. 2:: 2211 “W“ 212.: i222. 2. ‘2“ -......:..-~ c2122..-.22r, 2.25 '96.? ' C. 2 b t - ‘ "I 2" s- .5 " . "_ “.‘anv‘Tl' f. . ? "' '. v, " ‘ " ,' 32'37 ::.~_- Tim-“l a i {13.) €313: I"VI ’2’: 3". ‘53“: ifla , a $3,513} ‘3: 2’»i T" on} w 3 “*6- H$1l..21‘ {1% 33' Q3! w‘ at" ‘1’ c.) ' ‘ . 'Z’Kv‘j 3 ‘ ’ i; :5il.‘:l.I.' \L‘ . s- ‘ .2--. “w' . t'. 7. 2.3. . :1”. 4: w! -.:-.-. w". --.:'.v\~. , .- l 3 .:?.- fr”:g t“ M Q 3.9-?w :5? ‘:f’; 8%! 3- “in?“ ”It: ~33”; (55:24“ 1‘; 1:44-13} 1 {25-9. ‘ 1‘ " “L130 a icikfi‘I'E‘g I) s {f $‘ih’fil‘fifl M 1m: 2-2"".23 2:233:32 3223.}! 3 W3 :23? 2:2- 2:322222323 . ”22-..; "“9 2:31:- v . , ....' 32.2.? .1 a ‘ * _: __ ,3. ._ .11. “5., 3- {.3 ~.. ' ”235 taut»;- #3 $312.23 ' Ere» 74') a 53‘ .’ .,‘ .- 2514-13?! '3 1‘3 5 I ' 33$”): 71”.“ , t3"-.-.-"w.~1 Q 2%.: :21“ng [arty-3 hi I:- ‘ ' 9 37-"; i‘jTi,"'fi ’ "137' *3 ‘f‘ :1 ’ é ‘.-, '-y.“..'-.". . .' ‘ ‘5.--v.-~-"-’.‘-‘ "’ :‘~.' 2 9 “ I ’ “ :- ¢w“‘ {it "" " ‘ 'i'"; 1W" 2:11.; $‘fl-7‘“. as. .‘T‘ 'J "- * a» :45" ”firm? ‘2:~.‘22i).~;.-..i ”if-"v32: .453"... 2“,}, Viki”? ‘31:" a; “‘5 $.35]- .. fig; . .. if ...r .‘p. 3 .2. h I .. e .. :2... '1‘ _ - .. . _ . 3.": 2.-.; . A “343qu N'wl-ML . Firm?“ “2.3 Vv‘a “4.2.. $3} Flaw «lakrjvv 6'59 4;}! anti-2.2.2.2-..5L‘4 3:“;- “25%;? {n 3 '9‘— 5 I 32-2-33. ‘33th ff};- kiugfyfin 5; 235.37 2mm. 2392an 3.53 s’ .1. 22, 5‘13. V?,¢‘°""‘1 (3.22222?2:22v.32" 'I‘-- 6", ‘f1.’ v ” .r .‘ 5'- ~r .4- s.‘.. 222.3 3.2.2.- ...222321 52.2? 1.22:9 wi»hM..‘nI/&«¢ #12292: . £22.92?” * he; {22.74. 31‘2"?! 2.3, ”2791'” " ';=.-.1¢::u ‘* ".1. 6:1" 6" ~39 “’7'”: “ .. _ . " _.' ‘~' A“ ‘ ’ cw ....a, 2:2 .222 :.-.....&..“:2, £22:- M $21.22 .33, 22...... 11:12: as...“ 2...“..2'2123 _ | ‘1. i . 2 1’5; 1- 9- ' 3. -. ' : p. 1" l l w... 2~~~1 2..-...21 2:22} 22:22 $.L2M. 2.2.1 2:2? 422.222 132: .9222; 12222 {if 2.2 . I“ . 322222.122 . to ---~--- 2-,3- 2-:.' .v 2.33.. ’1.-. 3 . {:fi. 3., .., ' ,5. -3. .. .2 .3 . 9 .92.. x 5" 34...; 2.. '- . - 2' r 2 ("I n‘ ' .;- 2 '- ' ->- 92- 9 _'. » './, '_- g -' 3.. . , I >. .,.- t .- fi ' ' ¢ 3 ' 2. ' I, , .-. - . . ' 3... . K - ._ , ' ~. Q", {1.24 y 2 fl 6 q t. :4 \ If‘ ‘3'? ‘-'.-"L)."r ti.‘\. '1‘: -. m. '3‘- ;'\\ a‘ :1)», Qt - a! 9‘. -. - ’ (- 0 - v 0a .1 n u. H - I ~ .u-..- 2 n -' “:3 '. F3 - o *9. . ‘m- u."- .1 ' " f“ 3““ ~..-- 1 e - : -.~;- '3. 933'. v 2- r 1 L y -' '2 J‘ . . '.:L.h" '1') " '23 _ . {5. ~.};_ -t 9'1; 1i .fi“: "if, D. t ‘5 -'. ‘ 5’ — I. a": r; ‘ , 3‘ ‘ ..'|..'0a..-_ 3 .' e I ' ”‘1 '3‘); 8‘ d V a d "“5 9 ' ~ .5‘ S‘I’Mf‘ t! :1 3-4“ 6* .‘ L in". .. ....-b. . . ,.. 4;. 3.; , , n.1,": .. 2.3.x- ._.._ f '13." _ . '1 4.. - .. z 4.53? 2:. ‘ 4'"); 6': r4 \ Sigvv .5'2' :3 3‘ #1": wk- 3:37;?! t, h 2' .1; b“? {an}: 3" ‘ figs." fin .23” ‘ 41g w'l‘o- ha {Mb-:1 gig-Ra?! . .. ‘2. -" . ”‘7 . ‘ 3 - . ~ - . ‘ A "3 - "'2‘ .J 2...: ""1 2.32.1 £2-2f‘2". .3 2». x... a! 2:23,: ::.-.v' 22:2“. 21 nun-2 a. ““2 _' . '9": V fr; 4 m ,....-,.. .- .r.~ , a . . a “.35.“... e ,. . *2: ~22»; , -_ -._ f» e ... i. 'vor‘ ‘93 ~ -’ f 952 I“. . c.1332: x2273":- but. a 1.: .' {512% ,~ ~. 33111}. Q‘..'.-E.L4‘.-.}.2N:‘ {‘21. . :‘«-. 3.55.. J n" -o-. ! 7: K3. 0 d .3 9 G4. 3. {‘1 2'? V I9 'q- 4 ‘fr 42-} d; t ‘\ 13'va . .'-. 4,2 , g . .. -91.. 4 .."...- ' .4 ‘8. mi”! -“ J. 3 ‘1 eff-‘3‘! t. r: .14.", :1 1,- j; 3.: {’5' "I #3.. Ia“ at. 534...”...“2‘ ?&ph; 4339': 0 I 4.5-... . 7'31... .._.= .'. ,2 *‘2. ..._'.n .. I". .,.‘.-- . ,-;..', 3. ‘ , .3- M aim-"m L"; I; {5" “Ern'ig‘: ’ w?— h’ {5 a ’ ”it"? 3:! {5'2 I":'$} 1 ‘1’t'4?' ':"}" ‘ J“ .Vétfi.‘:"r$ OT} ‘3? z"; Wit-i” .‘ U3}! “ a r. R - ;.,-‘ m'.‘ "' ' '.."-"‘ -',fl ”9‘?” “.,‘ - _,‘.$ A. I i ' A‘.r_“ c. f in 2-3.}. ‘2 332' (a. } “814$ (316$: , 3‘! sot-T kn: ”-2.2. - - .5 '11??? 3'23. w... .212}. GW‘M ‘ «.- . «Ms 1.} "' I'm-:- 15; 22.12; 2...}. pm” mi. 252.1; 5.2:- 2.227.221.2223 :2 $1.22: rim 1:2 2.“! . .112. 2-52.24- 232'...» ‘2'“ ,mull 9-3:" - ' 2233' mm 2--€2~-:<:"'2'7‘; 2:5 52.322: '2 31-25.. 2:22 2222-22239. 2.? c-a~2“’2'¥=m {.25} 33‘2‘22-2ftfifif 1212-23“ 5:. .:-'2 w :3 ;~"..' '2 2:; 23.33,; ‘52: 'E.3_:~=.~.2, 3.2 21-22-2223. 2:: Far: 1. its» ram :23." 1: my ......:'; 22.: 21.9.1.2»... 1:22.. “2.1.2:. 222:3;2 22:; 5.2.2 2:2“:2 . 32:22 22%? 22‘ 2'23. 1",: 2...: 2.2.2.1-:2 222. ......:....2. ; . . 9"“ \ .~~ 2-.“ .t.’ .- ~'_ I” ~--,' v.. v. .'v , “..“. " I «zl’ ‘.' 1‘9. Hg hf z;* 3"; .,(a,:..'-?3 ‘1'“ {, £14.?“ ig...‘._"_’ -...\','~{.‘ Enn~’:'~£~ 1.45““ y; i‘hfi ' $1, “’5’“ °. . 13-} .r y ' E“- -!" “‘; If} [$1 I ”3‘2 3 5 ' ' J 3'.“ 3", L. . I 3“ h ‘3 ~. .';'-."". "I ~' '. " ' H” ‘7 5‘3“: "- ‘ , T 9 k: -' 14233.91: JAWS @459 52:22 {36w- it "do “52-." 2‘32 §.«‘3¢.3$2.AL2«-VZE , slut;- i.» ‘4': t: wt cf}. 7 . mu‘ .. ? ~ . fl \_. ‘ .9 n ‘u'_ ,1 ._. ‘1‘3. 5 - . fifififiwifia‘" 54.“! 9.5.9:;- 13‘... Kiri-'21.“: 333le {f‘2_.. 215.2“5-‘4’ 9;; L 3 25'1“; “a: rig-5.“. knit?!“ VI of carim (IV), a spacial cell was 12956. 1!. 5.30 ml. pox-om cup contain- 1x13 350 n1. 0! 01:01th was and t0 separates, the letter from the esttnlfie. Thu anoda was placed in that cents-3r, while 6 63911111113101]. calm-is made from sheaf. iron Int—.5 plaéad swan-i it (outside the perm: cup) to insure uniform current (131-1311.; at the arm-Ea. A motor 3mm- provuad cantinuaus agitation of the: analyze and a cooling finger was used to maintain a “quantum upg‘amxizwhely that. of tha room. A current of 6.5 caper” was pasaad giving a cur-rant density at the' anode of 8.6 mam/ch.” (89 amp./ft..‘), omeazmnding to that used in némtsl plating Gama-am. :2: harem, variant pH levels 1mm used ma! the rain: or raductian of the cerium (I?) datemlned mcorzfiingly. Interim of east nickel were used in anothar series, bath vith mi witlnut current, to determine the effect on the reduction at the cerium (I?) caused by the prammm of the sddaci carbon or graphite Main): 13 used to pmmta anode com-5:35.531: in connamial plating. L very flow r13: 11': pH tended to occur in the absence of current, uhflo a definite drop occurred when current. was pasaed. Iagain mlfuric acid was used to depress than rise in pH, while: the drop , though not prevented val recorded, a alum in Table IV.- "rhe datomination of oar-1m (IV) was mcamlistmd by édlng a mean- md mum. of tax-mn- aulfata solution (in excess) to the ample being male-tad. flutter acidifying with sulfuric acid and mixing to complete tin nation, a named mum of solution containing hexavclent circuit: In mud in 01303:. Finally, the cimracterixtio colm- for ‘_,' '3 W3‘5AL’3; S's-.1". I} u ¢‘ ~ .-: 42m 3......3. .5.» .‘g‘ .. 45.1. “. .'.,_ 3 1'. 74,3“.& 1?.LJ"‘. :3? rm: » Lu. W mist? ”'1 551...: 1513‘; a; ~1- J ‘1 ~. «Mi-u ,° 3‘.I .‘ is ' ' .., , r ; :211.‘.3’rn&1a71 ‘3.“‘3 u‘J :fi'w.r';a‘~‘ V- Lays. &: )3“ “n: I J~; 3’ .“;;'3 ‘JE‘ €‘: 4": ”w " .EG‘ ;V“ ' $1EI'“-'~.l." -‘3 .1 .. .‘ 1'. o . a q; ‘,- .- ‘1‘“ - "u ‘t ‘, .- f. ." ‘ l , ’.L 0 ’ ‘. k ' 2‘ ' _ » at ra- Uua. 4o“- .- V A... nag“ “-V"-~- ‘v‘t £2. 5 IV‘O‘U -b&¢-31:;;Jiwm a-ir-Ibfi ”H‘- :f. I ‘I- ' if . 4'. |.': .4 “1‘ '~._. 0- .51.“, u.‘ .. _.~o. -\I 2. ‘§». n‘ {ii V t ‘ I a ?.}.~.r~3.:.",;'. 1‘." “3‘ "" i1 1“? £1,414“ 3:3 ' :94. ii; Itinb _'.-I‘.."i~'!:u$¢ ii” ‘M‘Oo‘ *5 3&5 {12" i: - . ' _ VA “ ‘ a 1 ’ . , . . ‘ h a . ' u 2 '§ - . n ._ . v _ .3. . . r. m »,.’ 1 _ . V . . . .‘ ,5 . ’ _ ' ‘ , _ .~ . 'u- .- twfi! $431131: «V a g". :52»? ~~-h .1“ but: 3131. g «45*. 17.5. sq. «gr-a. 45’ Sam'- ~.,. 4.. ;-:5' . .1143 rig;6.52;.12345-1321x212 .. . ._ . A ,n . ‘ . f :r . .-. d" . . 0‘.- ,‘. 55“-: ""1" .. _ . VH3.“ . « .s.. q. -. Q. n «- V“ —- - .1- T.‘ . ’ . . { <9“ , ~. .5 v _ as .- 7' . 5' . r 1."?- v“ - t ’ ' fl. ‘ fl .7 l 3" I ‘ g 1..” .. j l 3 .5 j g . . ' .: . "i -. :5“ :1; _. .- _ _’ .3- \s ' 1&1. 6 ‘ .3 ..' : . “-5—“. .q‘r‘ - "A mwr-rsr. :v t-rrt-r—rw-ow mafia? WW"? , ammwr— «wwmaae‘~-u~~1r- WM*WMWWW “DWIJ “-32 .mfia“jgam\-K'MJ'~M ALE; u a Q I: m. :1 ~— «‘3 arm... .. nut ~ -..-..--~ .3... .'fl.- __. __.. -.... .. -_,_,_.. ,_._ ._ z‘r’ 4; a; - *5- ,.:. 4-, -- -. tail .. . a “3’3 '5] V 533 (:-;w , ‘3'“: a. '1“ T::.,§.a Biz-‘3‘: w-v. .‘ at. :4. r5; , , H a,» may; r ._,. ' u, i, 2" 1:32,:‘4: w..." :— ‘* ‘3'.“ “qmwmw .qinn «- 1.: 1 _ ‘ - _ ’ Lug-m: -_~'».-- an" gt?! 1.3..." 1:”; é a; 23* ‘r I- o-- i.’ " ”fie-u! i" a ‘4’ m.» --'I * .3; 35' .I' 1’": '1. 5‘3" ‘2 ; 9-“! ‘9 ‘ .1 5 2:“ - . 3 .4. 5‘ V -. , v - " 1;” E 2-: 2: 5".» '14- 6“. r ’l “ANN D311." '5'. ~ H. :‘5 m '2‘: ”:3? E- a ,3 V" a} " 4!" J. m I i" 54-“? Eva «a (.3 c a. ‘S '. fi‘! . = 5 's .3 ' a 3 J .51 fl 3: R J é-f' {.3 5:" “4.1 M C l. ‘5. 3...} z: .5 t... 3:; 3.; 99 1'3 a3 ‘5?“ I} x J w W 5.23 f M k» 5 \4 0 \fl. ‘0 kg) ha h \ 9w? ’1 . 8 if!» H m u 31. Kym- 5-H». I. A :3: .73? Cum (”1"") £21.? :R‘I V I b. .‘ Q_ vitugu 5v £5; .‘b'vlrk a) («unan A on 33“? Afirt’ In ‘4 , 1,4... 9'1: bMt .2” ‘_ .3 »."= . :- -. SM Va: -\« } . _. s.‘ '5..' 5 .5 . ‘ v'i {7... at - ‘ , . 3‘ 7“ .31, G [23..‘2, .0,‘ .v {W qrdw‘Wt I mmwxmmw - ‘ z . T... 5..- - 5., v.-.“ 55..., . ...... 5 ,5 5. - - r, vw #2: ‘3)“ v} Sag“ Gfifisfim “N'M'C’Mfllflmmm‘nf’ ctr-tr” TM “Wfl’-‘-f~" - ‘ _ f _ r; C. ~ 5.1 {Eh-5’ fi. 541...: 2,5, I ..- ) r. W}.- flag} 1T1 ‘D'w‘irnmui 52' Rd; :u~’l ; 5:22.25 - _. - ._+ _ - (WI: 1" ‘ I1 .“" 5" '1 m EJ.‘ . III} .51" L ‘ -=-': "‘3'” 1* fax." '3‘ ~ ‘2'? ”a '- “I 1‘. {E ‘n.- .35}! “a: ‘ a} Q -‘ ‘5? Eva; :\ .1- a: 7‘ . «25% 1., ‘ -4. ‘r' .5 ,. .55 2. 5. 5,2. 5.. 5 . '3‘ 4;. w '9 1 a '9‘ fl '3 5:553 a, a} 5.; «An. K. m m ,5: 4* "rrf' 1'7"! ’7 a”'- .5 D i .4? J.) i “A- f‘?" ;' ' 0' 4.“ " ‘5 ‘» 5'," l 4.: 65.4 4...; 5.5 5... z.- «5 re” Q a" as" .1. er» #3 33 ¢ a a J I” 4"“ ".1 5. .J' r’ d” d ‘9" ‘3? £4} 3...“) 2 {2- 'f' 1. M3) 3'4 ‘ rim r. c”? 4w“ "I Q .31 if I 3 ‘7 31 '21, .«v ~ .59 a '3' 3 F“ — (*5" 35 Or” I i: .3 . .rl‘trdl ‘ i Q Q “*4 ‘5 q. " {mum ' . man 49* was.“ "8'43 v? A ‘ in ~: ”“1" 5’ n} , .‘.. _- . ', 1.1." ‘ “J' { '-',' . e- 531 . ' ‘ 1 " .‘ , a .W .‘L..- ‘7 1- ¢- 4: A ~- 1" . i n.“ “M; --. u .» xc .4 '9 J‘ -; {n' .a 1 ‘. ' 0.“ ”sigma? T5 {£2 v:vxavmxxzaWammmmm-WJ $1.333muifimTami-‘imfifiTfi‘I-‘mm tmafiww‘rmm m~ugrL.Q'p~-- :; “new” '.'~ .7 are a: mc‘Jprd‘aJX-fi'lrf gr. 54”“va ~~.- x w :2 .3 at. .r as, luv-s gun-44313.9: an! “-4“. 1». finance ,02wan-rttv‘th-n- I” F. 5 .pQL-‘fi A . y. . . t . . .~,. . x. :9»... t. - p . a ~~ :1 ‘ v.» Q , .. . . 'Y .. ‘ . _' .1, 64‘; i «5'; l 3.1-0.5 - r‘“ .'~~ t 2 ~,‘ .2: : (“2&22) 24. g; 5;. ;1 13. 3} u- o. 2 Iv g k. 1'...) H ’1" 22;.» "f w \ f. ‘0 at: .2 :. 9 02': O ‘.. ‘ I 0 t; u L m a! *3 p N; O L +4 ‘- W 2 ,7. 191 p 2:» it: (f5 u .5 ‘3'. N?- ’"‘ w v.3 m H 3 . F. 2.: if,» ‘ 0.3-1 g‘ n .‘v” ‘D 2 3 . J 3.59 13 L29 3273 3. fiat. q -‘."r . ‘- .'o ,- u-v J \’ 4A.. . ‘._.;‘ -. - .4 2 n .4... <. -4 v t- ~-2.. _. , p ; . - .. . v-‘A I.“ T‘ - "5 A ”-1! .T Q. y i .3 ‘4 . ‘ . '1 t ‘ gc ’1' 2 ._2 u, : ~.7 .4 \ .‘K. ; ‘v'l 2 t‘ . '-_x ’0' _;,",.>' "’3- \ 31’.“ a; v ‘ ‘4 ' ‘H I. ' n " p ~ «I ‘ f. 4L3 . n - ‘ ". ‘ . . v ‘ -‘ .‘ 7 - I ‘ .- ~ ’ ‘ 3 1 » . ‘5 . - ' ; ‘L- 3 2 . '. ;_ . 1‘... . 2‘. .‘.“' . ; .k, 4.5% ("‘1' ‘1 o «7 ‘v-9- .Li‘i’l (i. I); . .23., ' ,' .5. " v ." . V. ,- ‘~ 2 . 5 [I é . __-. , ‘ ' .‘ ~‘ 5‘ U . 3 {5:3 I". J t: J.“ . .2 '1; ”J 'wu‘i'u'su 3'53}: ~'—‘v~,.€~.0 .I‘.| I.» gal .32 ”fat. . WAE9JOIIIIHQNMWJ¢14~WI*9W 'Vrv-v.h1~u‘vtvm» "a 2‘. v. me.» any ,_..___ * — A‘ A- ~ ~ - n': so:- 1- " - ' an ‘5 all". Wow.» ““me “ks“. Iii-WWW . - .'.‘..- 4.; w; WW.L4M hiuu‘ZM's-W 3.44:... 1’: k1 . P 1'}. .- ”A: , L); ;* 5": .' 3‘" "I ' . - .. - g '2 “'73"; I L“; r f. in"? )1 xii-1914's- Ln} 6‘4"? “""ll', MAJ-"5}- 6:- "= '5‘ # ‘Vv‘ I; V r" fl g “ '. "“5“" )5 _ i . , v . !_. _. _ .... . M. - _ ._ ._._ -_u A __. .. . u -.-A ;' 55%;“ '51-. I—vr W'VA.‘ .—. w. fl. 7 " " .mel‘ ': a v.’ A . ' . k“ '? L . _ " ‘1 hp. ‘1 __ - 1'4 . .ve-. ,. ‘ 2. . , .--.> -_ . 2 '_ _. ~. ” £3» fl“:h;v~'5n m? ‘55 8 ~::" .6 via. rue”.- J Luv ‘ ‘— _‘—_-‘ 4R “ a A .A m_.-_. an -A *— . . I Q .:- ,1 . ‘ {a . ‘9 I. ‘“ J3 1""; 2 "‘ “‘7' ' 0’.) '5‘ ,1 '2 «.97, '3—7' ti- ..3 c. a c...— . a" ‘2 ,' 2 .2; at.) v L‘. * :3.v , A3 5 . .N y t L 1;" id .2 " 4:: 3 1"! J 0‘4 u ta: 1* .1 - =- - u'. .- ... a _ , _.‘~; ,. . ._ 3-315 , Mtf‘ mo W ’3? ”‘1‘, Q' "3 :3 .o.. Mun 1; 52‘ . ~. 9.5 .r 1‘ 09: s" i. m y n, . .1 6, 9.. ’ r“; . - . -'. .43 I. ’6’: .'- Jfiv. w'u '- 4‘ '- g': '..‘ ~‘ F'- =¢ " “A. .' ‘ no! IR "4"? ..- Q R‘S. - -4: ‘3' _; i 834-; 3 .rv a“. .q 4. m if; Lynn-4 5“, 3 L ' ‘4 ' 4 '. y _ u ‘. ' " L" ' . ‘ “'- .r I ' "Z! ‘ -!~ ‘ i i 1 ‘1 ~~' t 5.. v'r' -‘ ’ ‘ .‘ .4 ‘5 '. v - «J’ 5‘. .m . .‘s J- :M ' : a 1.4 *‘ m. 5 cm 4 p: .. i aw q: ” ~ ,‘ . a * v - ' _ ‘ ‘ _ ‘ .. ' , 5"- ‘ .. w~rs~ "l..— ‘ '4L-v—- “ .3. ‘ .-. . m “In. N; . fin-.1"- ' 4- a. ‘- -),‘ ”3.3333113 raglyw...fi .7 ‘W'r'z“*‘;&1rtfi"1 3"“: 7.2: v1.1"? "mm-arm“? #fiWT WWN . an: fln'm'z‘mflmmw ”snag-m or ‘ .2 '- a. L‘J‘FJ'J'W 3'. 5.23:3" .hJ-Lrtu-‘LWWa'oA‘w'erM'Wlfit‘mutm'ma' r W‘ers 2* I1'-' - '2" c - 0 o "‘"n ‘ Irv- 'n'i-‘zvfihrvmn tuna-3.1M: n‘me'fl‘Q. ‘— —-v. 'r w_ —-.wr- “.w — 7 v w— 'b' ‘ .. . 4- - ‘_-‘ . _ . teams: H;=.g.-M":-.'-X $2? & fi .-= .r. x..—: . . .r- . KW?" ~ ‘ ‘5 £4”? #33, },H.¢ 41.25.. 5.". wit «k \~'«--:’9 €n‘“?k—iw"fl¢ F I t i I F t k E I i r > So “3 ll- 4 ( g‘ '1'; aJi'M' Li» 41:1 ._ A __. AA w..— -4 L 2 {I I A 4‘? Kg 3. ffi‘ 3:... w .2 as ‘L’; C‘- u w! ‘L'x “u"; 9 VI} Ch 8. I .p CERIUM (IV), MG. N ‘1’ 1.5m . 10cmw m5... mmmmn... 0." fl... oz 41m mmocoafloz Om. ommEZ C 5 D C‘ (I; C hi . 0 40L. . ('0 0 2C" a ‘ 0 I. O I A I ° 0 l ? "I I. TIME, HOURS FIG. 2. EFFECT CF pH tr-N THE REDUCTION or CERIUM (IV) BY ANODICALLY POLAR— IZED (0.0. 8.6AMP./DM.2) ELECTROLYTIC NICKEL. I.pH L5 2. pH 2.0 3. pH 2.3 4.Pn 3.4 5. pH 4.l MG. CE RIUM (IvI, [20 C I I00 ° 0 5 4O 20 C gap 0 o\\ O J 11V) 0 2 4 6 8 TIME, HOURS FIG. 3. EFFECT OF pH ON THE REouc-T TION 0F GERIUM (IV) BY CAST NICKEL. I. PH I.o 2.PH2.4 3. PHZJ 4.pH 4.9 5. pH 5.0 6. PH 5.5 7. pH 5.7 8.PH 5.8 I IOO‘- , O O O 80- . O ‘9 0 Z .I ’>‘ . 2 40+- 2 n: “I , 2 3 m .0 20F- . o O .‘ a I l : . O 2 3 4 TIME, HOURS FIG. 4. EFFECT OF PH ON THE REDUC- TION OF CERIUMIIV) BY ANODIOALLY POLARIZED (0.0. 8.6 AME/OM?) CAST NICKEL . l.pH RANGE GIVEN IN TABLE IV, SERIES I 2.pH RANGE GIVEN IN TABLE IV, SERIES II 3.PH RANGE GIVEN IN TABLE IV, SERIES III 60r- 40- RATE OF REDUCTION, MG.PER HOUR PH FIG. 5. EFFECT OF pH AND ANOOIC POLARIZATION (GO. 8.6 AMP/ON?) UPON THE RATE OF REDUC— TION OF CERIUM (IVI BY ELECTROLYTIC ANO CAST NICKEL. LELECTROLYTIC NICKEL 2.POLARIZED ELECTROLYTIC NICKEL 3.CAST NICKEL 4, POLARIZED CAST NICKEL 4 6-1 @661 ,.? ~66 $64363 {.1 ‘6; £311 ‘1'“? 16116....26.3 6561. 6?." 6" '~ 1.. "i1 616-6 1.6-1: .1 5;"? 1.... 161 111736: :16 .111 a 1:13:71:le 11 1616-116 1:11"'*'1.t '11-; .6 1.1.1.1.... 111 mi.;. 66 1.5.1.1 it “CR 2 1'1. 1'1}. 8'3}. $3.4'b‘633 £3.41! V‘xiifi 611' $111751;117:".‘;, 6.1121, “-3.63: g, "if! ,. .~‘,;.,-,.'.'1”1',-.1:.’1’ 16 '61“; 11;} 12.5.11 31.6“, '- 1 11:1 -1111 16.6361 6.61.21 . 11.6 1.11;: 1.21.: ’- 5 5'61“ 1116: "‘13-. “i 9 1.3.11 166.11 6.11 1'66 ........ C11??g"{51"' " ""'_'1a.1 B irkufg' “bid"; 356.1186“! ‘5! 311.": 3 1‘ 'Y'éf'v, 13.135166 .1:"“" {1'5 1'39 W _ ,_, . ",3 ,¢_ _, . a . , .,".‘ 1‘ :1 4 ti 3 61.11 6,111.63. 6561' 51:1: 1.1.22.6: 4663-1 11:- :61 I11 6.6.6.1111 31:1 61‘ ,. .1? 11.6 s n . 3 'n r x ' .V Lo 1.3:“; F .— 62... u.“ i 4‘“ 2.1.3.17; fit?) “=11“. 3-13}- y. 1% g: '26:; :f'3 3’33; ‘5‘ {3'13“ t; Pug ;: 21:“??? V.- £134) :0... en'- ”1‘616413162wf5325' iii-ma; 6-5% . .3- , u" . .1. I ‘43 3. ”-3.314. 4' v—.:"'.-. ',,,I1 - M41161 1.} 41",}? 3:13 :41 152.? 1? 3i?) :5, tit-l 4i” 6.; t £43631. $2,66ng 211.661.}...5”? ‘15-, 71:63 3‘66”.»- gag-k} ”11‘ 41-.0'X 1:13 1,112,161.11 1.61 6111-6111 1.61 11.1.4 "7- 666 613 6-612-3111. 361., -§_ ,-§‘.~\- ‘ ,-’ -v,*-" ,.Q -1 .. 1............ 1:16 1.13.1.1 6:166 :11 1.1.11 61......6 61. .166. 1.11. 16.1.11. 16.3.... 1.6.1.666... 1.6.3 .6 egg-Q 6.6 1.- 111.1 11.66166 16 1.2.1 61.11616 1 .. .- 1 6.16 1.....- .1666. :6 61.661: 1:611:13. ”‘6‘" “V 016.66 1216 661312.12; 11.1-31.1 3 1" a 1,. 6:1? 686“" 2 .2 t6 3.? , 1.13.1 16.1113 611' 162.61:- 4% 1’ ‘6 . .“ 1‘1' — '7"! 47a"; '7 ' I” T 1‘ .. " . T’ 1 0‘ ' "'4 "3- ’2'" .6 N 'J £4.16?" ‘1 immai" If}! tfiafl iaimwzt—akz'fi fiff fruit-'3! Rut m3“!!! ' vwi‘ .. bran-"~61 w“ tan. (a 9263;“ '5" 9%: kl'flt': 1'. .. -v"' '1' A, . '.61 ~ - a. » 06 - u; ‘I. ‘5 §‘ 1 6611 111-11611. 13.3“. 11:111.. 61. i1... .-. 1 6. 16.111 1., 1111:1611” ti 6131...... 6:. 3.1.1 3111 .111 16.16.11.- 17.1..- 16.- 6:1, .26 66.6-11.1 , 1.11:... .6: 16.6 a.;;;«,-1a:.,1 66-6 ‘7: 6:16 £7.21 36‘6‘ 11016216157... 35.11 . 11116261 (3": 1.191311 6‘11 11 6: .1 a? 3’ 31'3".” 11114.. 5351'. 1:3 3,? €;:.}'§1f.'3.¢-1..?C'. icy &;J.1§w11.1~l11613 11 1.1:. 1.1.1.11 t 6 1:2. 'Z'£'3T‘Z.1‘:' 131.1 616.63 116336.. £1.61- (15:33 9f :1" .2) u 11:16.1 £61311 £3.21?! 2.1.33 r1”? ff 3'6“‘~‘"’.2.~J-§§‘, g”! t-" Z‘X‘K:“Z‘j$ {.3 t 111 61116166111161.6613 6.7111: 1.161 6 $1161.. 1- 1.62:3. 11.5623 615......iig 11621 116.116.; 66.6 6: 3162.3 'mfuii 2.11.3.1 1. 5263.3. 11:21:13 ti .111. 1111-6611 616.666.136.111 5.11 1:11 116611216136 61!: 121.6 31.11 6:1 «116-61.111 ’16 1.6,. 661 1.6.3.11 , :2 1.6.; 6:226 £11631. 1:... ‘1 16 1116 16:11:16 1) 10‘. ”'1'". 6.1-“ -'-' :- 16519 «- " €4.13 a 8'6: *-“3"11.1:"”63 4.1111,.“3 06.1 11’." .1 1.1...."7'. i115! fi‘uréii.‘ 615$ 1-11:3 P".11".~~.LJ..., gt 116.1611 ‘1'}.6 W112! 631,- 5611, 1:61.? 1:126 Eti'ji-‘f‘fii? :1. 31 i4. 19 31:, 61,1- .1. 61.2.31617214121 611' 613.111.111.61 1.21, 1.611 1.61111 61:611. 11 its 6311“,; , 1.11., 1.1.1 616.161 G! 12133 11.11.236.613 , 1131.113. “116 611" 6.11.5133. int 1‘ 16.1116 ta 1:6 .6666 12:1 11:1; 16:11:11- 2.63.1.1 6.13..- 11661 .16 6.1.31. 6:161 $1.23 16.6- £161. fi .. u. i ‘0‘ ‘E6 éfi‘tl‘b’i‘tvg“ 616.1111 02:1 616.31 at:- 1 ts» 11.1 111116161, 11616 13.1533 213 6: 1.1.1.1166 :1; 6t 61' 116366116 6 is 61611611 6.261.161. 616216 . 123.5 1616 6:26:- 6-3.1; £11.61: tr: 9:36:16 3.11 11711-6 6:16:21 61 1.313 61566 .116 11 616616-1111 6-7-6 62) a 5:61 61‘ 2 3?. it 1.6.1.16 51611111 12116 96133? Qf 36-11311-6611611 11613661111 1.6 13.11.11 . of 1E 16 62.1111 161.61.22.13. 61:11:11.1, is £1.31 611111 611:1 161.11.11.16 63.6616 6.1111 3.1.5.116 v6.16 66 6511111121 16.1.61 13.16 5161.6 1.161111 1.; :66 246' 6-16 ‘11}: 611.. 3:-1. this 6.613211% 601.26 16116 to 1:311:6661611 1666116166 111 11.66 666.3113 6;! 1.11213 6.1m: 161191 1.21 6661.115; 1316 66:11-66 61' £261 mmulm,11 5:11. ii. 161126 1161611 1.1113 {261.112.12.611 3661411621.... 66 666.121 1. “if-316 611116.126 y 36116136 is 11.613 6.1.1.161 6:1 12.6. ‘66 a 3.111 61‘ £11.? 1115 61:16:11.6 p1 1126166611163 61‘ 11316 666% 11711111 411". .1. "6166 6:61-11 11.6116}; 1:61-111 311‘ 16.1611! 8 with-..” 66 6:21;. 66:12:16 ta 1.2.1.1. 611’: the 1116 “6116,1111 6116' 611 6162*“6661-3. 1‘. 661636 66.61.2311 166' .1666 15.3 ti: :5 661.6 a! rainstégm 6? 1111.11 622161.611 (1"?) 61:11 6161161. 1111 6611.166- 6.1163? 66.6 11.11.211.63. €165. is; the) @ffi-fiiwfifi 1666.16 66166661661 6112.6666111 .136 tiara 16.67.61.111 ’16, 1111131.; 611‘:- 1161. “1.1163 to ti..i.6 111.666-3611. 61.11.1166 6.112.611 66:161.? .13 615.631. 16.113 tint or £116 r6611 (imp 16 pH 616.163.1113 1:116 0:211:66: cu? 6.1.6 166661.126. 12.15 9.113 W6I’Ttw d 1.11 113111 12663.. 161-1161 1.166.161.1113; 1661139 61‘ descent 61‘ tire 31W16 \ I (.9 1"" .O . i “ 5)! .: .¢.:..r .... ‘L~» in 51.5.53 .1. .3313 L3: ;5* 41-.....“ L -1237}. 515-51.. @5353: E’é‘f"’L £1"; 33?}. fil’Lm $1. 915318 338*?» #1 ”5611-58 #513‘ with! 2225-3. 8 1"LLL1..A”.«.--.a..;£; “a." .. _: . v. 5171-; :r 1“ -" 3 ‘ .-..—v~.- LL:- -. §‘-:*..-" 4 :, .‘L‘".,.‘: as.J-’Lfi"¢% ”91 ’0 LL” fLLL‘ u-gpuhw‘ud' L‘co-ti-r’ Epic 53:8 '1..~-....?3 ;;-.?'.5 ($473.:é‘a'51'413 Wan-IL: 51.53%} 3. L‘. A u on ‘1 i C“ I r“ ~L'L . L n I 2* L LL; . ' L, c‘L‘. ~ \ - .- -' txfi I048?“ a :48+:;‘:L.£:-Jo (11‘:ng 5.129;“... die; £3. 55"."9. .3321 L33 ”:1 $5 $353” 35:32.;3c" .:.":i .:. , " =“ .“ j_ .. 1. .1 "-‘ ., -' '1...“ 9, :~-~’ Lil‘s: {,‘ 3.1L} 15153 I", *1, 0 L51: .3; £3 {'5‘ CL I" “-5117,: A“? “if: E5118: 2!: Na.” 1‘ :4! \1 ‘53-- 3 a! . - ! A- . 4_ .p a ,p r .9,” .... 2* . a. .:....‘g tin”, 3.}.5‘1‘z ‘1'“ saw: “Hf"? £5.13 LC" tfiwzv gunk 27.1,. '~ 1...: bma.i 9.2.1:)! W3 84.35135. 3d.)*“<.ltL|.‘§ ““13 g‘ , . 1‘ g. ”Q R ) .. 3.“ ’ .,.n Lu" 3" 1 .... ,an. ta 2.35 1"“-’-.& A. ”.«..C‘:L1 ”14.9.. ' 33533 a"; a 5.1.853“? 155,321.? ‘44.;‘5'. 11.2.1.5 if! 1.13.5.2." 5:31;; ILL. £35.55. 331‘ $22? 1.5.2.151 m? 411.9 rte-515.1952. .1: 12,2; '12} :13 t3"“"§.'5"13 , ($1113 511.. {Ht-n 3:141:23 1.25.1"1‘1‘5Em 31f fez-:3 51.5 alt-‘24:. 4 2.-- " ..i’. 11.3: “11...“, 2x3 .271.’ ... “‘2? s1 5 ”'4'- -- ~ 1 " - -~ "1‘ '3 ,. . ..-!” 1 .4 .- 4 l 1 La», 3- , . '41.»- K- 1' thug ulhguLYi-i‘LJ? p15! \ ”‘3‘“.Cirn' 3 ‘£- EL- 4! 3“: 5:? gm}? é)? (L' 'L -~o' LLLOL‘OL* ' L Mung GLLL isz‘ 1‘ 8’ 3'3. 1‘ :1 Grip " u ~L ’3 '. ' LL, ‘ "V " ' ‘ « L LL" LLL ‘4' ' e . ‘l Lt ‘ : f ' " ‘5' .:.-0L - ‘3 I .IDI‘L ‘ O ‘ 1245.3. 5’3 €11.31: (114.3% 1355321142 5? .1. .L L°-..r".»a $33 1153? '13 ..- L131. 7’? (L' MR $23.; :1; :15. 52,-. - LE‘ 3433' -'. 1213*; F“. . n": ‘ . ‘>.. . . . - ‘ :1 ’4 , ‘ Q .. ‘ ~ g ‘ _3"~ ‘ n) a a .0 ~ ‘_'- ‘ e. I I? r i -'. ‘1 '3 3515'“. 3. Ms .255: in; A? an?) 4.1.5.“ i"... 1.3., E..-:1:.:?~.1 {maria Ms." ”5.: .5 2.5m a - I “rm? . - _ ‘9‘ .. 1 ..n '1. ..-,.‘;_.,.§ .1 ‘L . 45.; ~ "'22: 2..) We? €511.51: 332.532.21.55 f 51.51.2535 5., 22.“. 2.1.125 (ML-.3557...» 5. ES 3" 8 5 _ I .... I, ? ~ 1.‘. : L. ' t. . .1 5.515 I‘L‘n {,3 4M....‘ . r . 1 ., 4‘- a. - v- .\ -.. _‘.- _ 1. L a -. a. - ‘ .. . 0': if} 1.510 L":-L{1‘L. I}. 11.8 £- 21:11:; 2111f h‘ «abuttfiupdl :- (LI-E's: in}: ' £31..“ 4-55-58 1:.- '91., 55.33.5153” 1&4 a}: 3 ... ) ..' 'u v 0 n ' ‘L ‘ at: ". 4'?" “Q ’s' ,‘a, '_ i"... 19.1”... '9‘ 3' V‘LLJL‘LLL' f M—f L7? 31.! LU” ”8.1 41733 {M230 ' .51" 3"?43 3:12.; .5 H-gw'viu {‘3‘ Lt“? ..1. .’. 3?: 2 =-‘"". «’0'...‘" .‘r . . n‘." ‘.;-.4*1a'.1'*‘ v.1“ .:r- 5:11;} 9: ’9“ Lima an 3:950:53? (LU-$545....» 11L)": .5...‘ and Wig-3' Ly .‘PJ * L 6: cm 1355th g; high: §M4~Ji§ “Lg .. fi ~‘ ¢ L LL .1... 5 "- A ' L‘ o ‘ . an. ’14 *L ‘ .~ 41 ‘l“ as- _~ \ a" .4?“ will»: 5:: . LL! (3 “Leif-45 $1.: 3 RU: @3331 fr} LI? 5. -L-LJ L"? i;.--..: ”35123123 11‘! ‘13.... ‘ ... “...: 1.1%. ‘ .. _—.,, ' LL - ‘3. |' -- ,, n." x 4 ,; C. 2. ‘4 .-. ~_-,.q-'«L ~ " ’ s (Li 4 121.313 5,“ ha.“ y-“lse‘! 9&3 £81. ‘56:"; LL€LL= .Ly-g? LL‘ILIL‘ 4% EL’LLI. “ ' L‘ ‘9 , ‘ ~11 3’". ‘ «3'5 Iswé-J..-:..Lp {I .‘ ‘73:. {3 .1. I: ‘ 337:"? - ". A n"- tg-L {Cf-1y '2. *‘2% "a” "' ‘ 4 I 3' 3L 5...:4 a (14135” n;- 8-39:- L“: '13 Lag 1L“; ‘3 ‘-°" "LL-‘5" 9:553! 33.45.1443. 5- Lit-11$ '9‘. :8 dud-11$ J»: a ’0 4'.“ a; ~=¢§ \ ‘94.: 15‘3" r‘h“ ~ 1.. j . an?" .5 t; -‘ 1‘ J J. - " 5r: {L‘h‘QfiEL‘gt‘ g 3 L226? 33-? a “ y???- “F5331 “gagii’. Cu. .— “17.5.1335 £35.11; ...."- 3 Wink.” £914.; .L 5".) I; I.\ 0.". f on 1': v‘ T713." r‘: 3 L . fii ~~ ' ‘ Jug} W 3- w. . g. T-filg‘ 5* a: L; 5 L 9 225... 111.3 1:5 3.11152 (1.1 I . 1.112: m; r. . h .1 ...; .. C .- .11 I. '0 ° “4 . rum, 1? I ~ -L. L. - ‘. ‘. L, .0‘.'...-"\ ,. .‘1 n L if?" L59“- ‘3‘ “L: 5‘". I t ”L0 *3 13:13 8V1,” A-LSLLE £1931!“ 6L9“. ..’-.."1 51-5 W Liar ‘3" .5 '..‘.. A .J fir kid ‘11“ a - .. ,. ,' ,. 1g -. . L .19 §._ ..- .‘q .4 r r I; m2; '45: :LLJL‘ a-‘g*\3% 6" :w'a'iu‘n: Lari,“- “but L31: £5,411; «L’JLL 15:. 1815 WL‘; “388%“ it" o. LLLLiaLt. .LLsuLS r3315... .w -'.’. d 5. 1:“‘1" 3 ik‘aj- -$, ‘fiwq'g 3”,:16‘} o J__ .i:.~i i2 13;- L.-::L,,LL .3 1i}: 15:13 ran-5. .LLL.L;’:-Lifi fl rm mow LH,B ‘}L|_ t}‘a O“. 3 -, . .‘. .P .73.: r" ; 2'. n; y . 1", O Q " "‘ ‘~ ’ a ‘3' fl ‘ ”In . ‘ I ‘ ; 7. "" .:h‘fémdai “9-3047u4nfi3 “7 £7 lid-9'- "-5:i $9393 3.4.13 :11! him-3%.: :3 3:"? 3.3 v.“ Ln ‘4‘; 7.7 ‘3 ”Au-'3 ., 3.9:- -~ 4 .‘ , 1'! t 9.. . :9 .. . .. .-....l . . '.. ' .1 ,. 3);“. .1;..1 .3 £323.23! 9"}. '3’. 1+3 .5'?’9§B '- 9:33 “$7.96 9....'-4.“’1Z9‘i'27£5°1.£ 'fiw:‘5‘ "3 (’4 "Wm-KN". v-‘r. "3W9"? i'hdi 11"», 77'? '3 {53’ In..- ‘f‘ “‘7' a“. “'3’ (if. ‘-‘*«§'7‘Tu'999* 'qQ" 9" ""95 Wm: ‘79 ‘ 357-7" * .A.’ .5 9- " 7 .1 ' us .:.} 3,“ ‘3’ ’i 'u. 1. «hr. ,a ’ s. . if.-".";-‘-, 5 ‘Iw'v' '- ..‘.‘ 3'1' ~" ‘“ “‘0 ‘ ., "a 5’11“" ""I' 'L“""" 6 “ """ .10: 3: 7‘7 ‘tP ' I' ‘9 ...!f gt.‘ é " 7‘ ' M I“ .gvu {'7 i': 7' “ ”'7 , .— i. 9.‘ .‘ . l v “a .~” ‘ .76. ‘ . . -‘ ,| ;‘,_. l‘ 2 . 1“}. M ca}; 9;! \. “ - ’ i'; Iv-J ~23} if ‘9'” ‘U‘%* 9; U: ">1 k':? ifs-.33 ‘ycfié tr; :7" ‘1‘? o .29: -.1-o'-_ .32: QL‘I- g‘ "fifi 315$: - \\ " 4 Lip 33 ”D .rwwz. 9.3.; {£5.92 2.71;...“ 9'is 9.517791» 3; 3.3» 9.11.3 w¢;;€ri'va.1:a,.r;9. m ‘ ‘ ’i'0 T l ' 3 -‘ A Q 7 .. .... :- ' .~ ; .:. .§ . 0‘ . -' ’h t. 9 35-913 $9 553.911‘353 1949.193 m. 3:13.113!“ 9 “4:2: 9. 4.. : *-,‘-';r::‘~‘.'.’7“-~ .3413; $7: (3-: NV“ 9 1'23} de termination .vz‘.’ ., u- Q. . Q ”:1! - ,‘-. .. ..m'; ",5. ‘_.~ ~‘ 4" .4.- ~_~_ _l_ I“. .,V I (’1. 3.34.9 f4: ‘9 -'1'£_.‘~}.'fi I I .‘eg‘“ 1.. .9‘ 55161-1; f 3- 3.1, ‘2; 3 W?: $1 ,‘h t, 3:; (if ’2»)'; e" ‘3’, ;:‘ t; a i 3 ‘-‘ #35131 fié t ".1 ‘7. v}? -, -.,, .. ._i ....if.) ,9 4'.‘_.., -. . . _, 2., ...” , ,.s. g ......9 . .. («y 0.. .f :__V", 1.» ”3"qu 23335-933? £5)“: '15“: 9.1+. '-‘- ‘3 "jaw-J." '9’. .- “a." 77"7'7’3‘1 if f _.- J». .13! ’wt 2' 351??» 3‘3 i be i" } . as; 5 -A' . "R 3:?! ft? 7min} ’53, 9 . c . .‘l . I ”:1 ‘9 . O 7 ,. ._,, 1,. , -...94. ...,gy .., o. . .573 .~ ‘- 5: .. ' .. . .:. ~ ,, 9 a._ , . ' 3...! *3 r , ;, y" 3‘17... w... 3 E's-1’3- 4. ’~‘ 4... . "...‘_..'__,; ‘ u‘ _ .“'-.~. 3 .. $- 5'" a L.) a) “y l 1 0” 9s w + ""1 1' 5 7’; I '; ‘1 “5 7'.“ 1773 ‘ J m 15/ , , ‘3’?" Qm‘ «r- ’9”‘ ... . . 9 . ‘ , u: .3 J3 -' 95.1,...» ‘9:- “55-5 6 ”15““... 94' 3-9-0 33“»0’ 7‘ m . ‘9'7‘99x7-“9'7 (115') 9 93...?“ {2331-3 4» if”: Mus) “'9' 3'?!) firm 12.21;, i?» b.1133: 9.1.5..“ (7,) 372.. (7:73) . a.» (VI) .. ca.» (2...: . '1] it” n u. ..g. I’.~- .. ' ...“ M' _‘ _.~' a. 1. ‘13 U 4 {.1‘ :3 .. ‘ _,-. .N -.1 .9 - "”3 L! '..T..- .83} k‘; 3 @3315 Lu“ .1. .‘i‘i $3 if»! $43.36;} .Kj‘w'c. l ".11 Rad -.:".\‘i.fi~- '.....;_,§§ a. fi- ' . «3.. ,, t . _,- , “'5 “...; ,fl - f1} .. . ' ' A"? n» 1 a, ", ‘. ”‘31-”. 0:- 6'14 :7 *1. «,9 §,o‘.. .n , . Q‘ A ’ ‘4'!» l‘rw 293-5? Lil ”Jr-Q ' -l ”’43"; ugh 9:. L." '-.!‘_;J'§ L:- ["4 «2h J-—~‘3 aiifqinx -'- x 4;: W‘ 3- 113.5 up...» .93 ‘- g-rts 1 . gun; 4“,. .n ? 9' «,.?». w "’ 3’- . 1 x5 . A. V 3" -..? .‘l ’. 5 . . “\- . . ‘ t k "‘3' . c is?“ i' ._ (:3 5.13. E '2-1 ‘T L" "I; f ‘ ‘ft 3 '3 f»: [I 3- . I u. . ~ .. - . 1‘1“?” 3". 5.11.” it». if (4‘; 1' {3m 431; '74,; gzs'fivugv‘g '_ -~u'1»': ,5 .fi 99, ;. .7~~,j¢*'3,r7‘1v:”.,'.§: 1 L;‘" ,. ., _ 5 .1 .. o... .1;... t a 15-. gm ~'..~-1.»'. . e» ...». . ...-.... .. .a .5. 1 a «at. ‘11'c»u;"-3‘-‘{.‘. hut-3'3 End‘LJ ’35.; .r ""0 .- .2- « (:3; 1'1» :43? ‘ . . 3‘ ~- -. E Qth '2‘: *fl: , w’ 1 $.. ‘mJy' 2,".1-4,‘ ,- «r- ~_"§ .',_t{..aa I. w. .‘t - ,.~‘ I 31—,- IN "a “-2, fl. -.—r1~a ~‘ “' “‘3 e ‘73 " :‘ 1,73,». -,.~-.~. —-.--., ;-.- .’ 4g , — -« u -.‘t ~ 4" hi v.12... vii-fir 65? M Na. ‘- J; ‘9'“: ‘6 ’ ‘3. 36' .1": £3.5:}1~"\?3 "‘:§)'-"6 «‘55 f*;.93 '13, gyfi 3'... .«i‘. .ir :3 p : ' ~ . . ~- . . fl -. -- ; . . ~ 1 I . . , ' , ‘1 -fi 1 .- ~ . . . .- ..-... q n¢ -' 014-.-l . ,3. it,” ' I '. l '.. u. ; {hariimb z-lga‘w‘vflu. V$3 3‘“ £3.31 i :9 fsfl'd-a'r “If“ »' ”I“ ’ ii~ ... wt:- '14.. 3 4?? “if: -‘i-fi ." ‘9‘ if.- $3 Jinn t» .'. 9 "as ... .9 _ ‘o".u‘-~"".T -‘..i w: 2f! _. VHS» 1...:1m;.<.-.~u it; “EJ435113.-- finds , I“? ‘s «:1 far-“1-. 4'! , ...9 .911: ". .. L' 4. . .. .- (4-3 .. 4.11:», £:.. 1..., .... :1.4..*n:'*.-...,;4:: 51.44.... .19 «if. 313:)» It“ I... ., ~ Li 1':"..‘.“ :- 1.11M ‘1’)" . ‘3‘ :5, n 5. (‘3 1"‘-V~ml"’:‘fiza' 131...! o Incvvafihiaflrnk‘hfi ‘ 5 fi "3.". (.3 ' 1 ~_ ..~. ‘ k & “Li-3.1.3 ‘49 ea 6. at: 9 m ”I. *0 o - 3 . 431 pm. ‘4‘); (-v- -) a ' ’ - ' ‘."- 1+ - t7 a. MAL»... (’ {ll-.‘NJ'X‘; 3-,! 4.» , ‘5 g. I, in: . unfil-‘I ‘v 1*.“ ' c 3 fit!“ L'L ' 94. t I"- 09, ... ., e F M. (’_) *-.L!{913;‘L . “if" Jfi :9, fil"d‘s§$ fflfr‘. ““k' v 4 m . L 1.»: 4.1» { ”4) . deifi- g“ «$42.41;... 7.5’ ‘4. . . .3“ 'u‘ tip ‘9'» Li} ...-..., 1., J (...... . D‘ ‘h- .K 4 .. o ’ . . 0 _;-,~ ‘. ‘ri'dt. , _- -,' 4--. ”’3: ..‘ < 3* ’QWE‘L \.- Q "'0 3‘; 9’ l1“ :9 (.l.. 9- L U: {4.1}?! ' ‘ L131}. “ . -. 3". ’ " ...- .Lm'xvm, u. H" 0. 3:4.» .’ c’Jiaw‘: 99 yskifi'fl ‘1 ‘ I ' t ' :b.‘ -, ‘1 ‘-I w. , - - 3. .... utlh 1‘ ..x-V-“ 4.;3.‘ : 1L: M 4‘1»\du4~¢4.~;\vfit hid“. J3. .. _ a n F . 'pu’l‘ if? 1"‘1‘ I; 9 5 £2": _J\.'.,-.:- .’ (’3 ; 4 fig“. H1 ‘ér:./.-"{"F a ‘ ‘ i- "a \ ”.... . ~'.'~—- T1 5’? ’1" '.‘. I'VE??? “"4".“ 1“ ":9 66‘i It. 13. u 9i“ ‘i ‘- ”v -- r (a. . $4.“;- V I I‘! ,I:._ A 1} ."’ f P. 4 -' ‘- 'l :4 i ‘ v. “Liab-thr} huufl'fi-‘J‘ ‘ Afifia'lws ‘6.“ vgfif: 1‘“ "\.‘.a {$1. '1" -~ nag; ' ‘_. ‘ L-5u- '1 «4‘ ”9 ...-'3 ‘25:] a." ”41"!” U‘-::~:..Nvm.m (éi }~‘§:-:-“ “-6.wa :22," \ ”fix-1.4.3”; ht." Lamina-z' .5: J a :3” .‘ . .. . ‘ i ..l . I 5 ...-5,1: n , A a w 3.3 .’ #45" i any“; ‘5‘. .1 ‘ ".1 ..n a .. ...-v ..r hi fi..," ...o—oa‘p’q' L t O . .I ' ’L‘J «‘4 “god .u “.1;; h? 4 ~ 11,- . "~ 11‘ 3%.)". L II:— g‘hi‘. I ‘V D V I'v‘ék‘ ' ‘5“ ‘1‘ “.40- ti . . .1 ‘_.,| ’ I??? . \r . M44 ”ring. 3 ’1: .ot‘):s\."‘- -. ' I' t. l' 3,4,...«"'.,,: :‘ "{1} 3‘ tau 3 f} , -- 4"»?1 ' ’3'": 6‘0 *“o. ‘A-u'wryuh, l‘i" J as”, § $2” 1174 . 4 {.s; , . ... d. 4.1.3 v; :1: {Li-H: 9.1th 9 FL:- S E R A R m L V. H s R IVE STATE UN 31,,Illfllflilfllfllllll'} “1 III 3 1293 ilillllllllllHllllllll