THF'SQS

Survey of the Piping Systen.of the

East Lansing East water Plant

A Thesis Submitted to

The Faculty of
MlCHIGfiN STATE COLLEGE
OF

AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE

1!

Thomas . Poet ff
Candidate for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science

\

June 1942

ACKNOCLEDGRMEHT

I wish to express my appreciation to the faculty or
nichigen Steto College for conuidering me e candidete for
the Degree 0! Bachelor of Science. I also wish to express
my sincere gratitude to both Professor Chester L. Allen,
Heafi of Civil Engineering Departuent, and Professor Frank
H. Therouz, Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, for

their assistance in writing this thesis.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

View or the Softening Plant

 

 

, -‘“ - fluibzbfi

Tanks 1,2,8c3

 

 

 

 

Tank. 4 a: 5

 

 

 

y

 

- ‘

 

 

Tanks 6 e 7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ree water Line to Tanks 4.5.& 'I
and return lines from 4.5.6.1 ‘7

DESCRIPTION OF PLANT

The principal reason for making this survey was to in-
vestigate the piping causing the degeneration of the zeo-
lite sand in the softening tanks and how it could be reme-
died. First..a description or the plant and how it Oper-
ates will be given.

The objects of the plant are to reduce hardness. to
remove iron. and to remove free carbon dioxide. The plant.
which ie.fully automatic. is located Letneen the pump and
the distribution system as a pressure plant. all operations
are automatic. or at least a major portion of them. An
operator is not required at the plant except for inspec-
tions.

Supposedly 80% or the ester is softened by passing
it through five automatic cylindrical zeolite softening
unite and through one that is manually operated. Each
tank is seven feet in diameter and eleven feet high and
contains 200 cu.ft. of zeolite sand (Zea-Eur in the 5
automatic tanks and Zoo-Kerb in the manually Operated
tank) at a depth or 5.19 feet. The sand is supported by
12 indEQs of gravel which covers a strainer system. Both

the htrdness and the iron are removed in these units.
the raw water from the well contains between 18 a

20 grains of hardness per gallon. The Zeo-Dur in the five
automatic tanks will remove 2800 grains of hardness per

cubic foot or sand which determines the amount of eater

that can be treated before the sand has to be regenerated.
The hardness of the water is caused by calcium and magnes-
ium becarbonates and sulfates.

The zeolite used in removing this hardness is a pro-
cessed greensand base zeolite which has the property of
exchanging its sodium for the calcium and magnesium of
the hardness producing compounds in the water. The re-
suiting sodium compounds do not cause hardness. The sod-
iwm zeolite compound is indicated as seas. The softening
reactions are shown in these equations:

Nazz y C&(H003)2 : CaZ ‘ 2175123005
Nagz 4 Ca804 : 052 e Nagsoé
Nags 4 Max:092 : 2:32 9 stance;
E31322. e lJIgSO4 2: h1g2 «- Nazi-3 4

The Zeolite is regenerated by passing a sodium chloride
brine through the sand bed.

Ca2 + ZHaCl : Nazz e CaClg
M52 * 23301 = NaZZ e KgCIZ

The calcium and magnesium zeolites are changed back
to sodium.zeolites and are ready to soften water again.

The other 20% of the water is passed through tank No.
7, another manually operated tank. This tank has 100 cu.
ft. of a.manganese zeolitc in it which removes iron, but
not hardness. The flow from this tank and the flow from
the six other tanks are mixed, giving a water with 80% of

the hardness removed and all the iron compounds removed.

The principal item of expense in the Operation of this
plant ie the sodium chloride ( table salt }. It costs ap-
proximately 2 cent: per 1000 gallons of water. The salt in
used in regenerating the zeolite sand. Recently the sand in
the five automatic tanks has lost its softening power which
requires more salt for the more frequent rcgenerations.

Aloe the sand, which is expensive, lasted only 60% of
its guaranteed life. The Permutit Co. or new Yerk, N.Y. ie

now ready to replace the worn sand.
CAUSE or sum FAILURE

the reason for the sand losing its softening power vee
. that there was unequal distribution to the five automatic
unite. consequently, the unequal distribution overworked
come of the sand and did not uorh t e full capacity of the
rest. The softening, cashing, brining, and rinsing are
controlled by an electrically driven multipcrt valve. The
valve in controlled by a timing device which is eet at a
cycle as desired. But the cycles are equal for each or the
five automatic tanks (tanks are numbered 1.2.3.4,5, on the
diagrams). However, the piping to the tanks ie such that
there it unequal flee. At the pumping rate required by

the water demand, some or the tanks were overworked and
weakened while the other: were being regenerated before

it was necessary. This was the reason for making a survey

of the piping system. The rates were found to be:

Tank E0. c.r.m.
1------- 101.5
2------- 103.5
c---~-é- 105.5

4...‘...’ 90.0

6“-”"" 117e0

7-------- s 2.0

III. ”IICIJ 01‘ DL”If“Rc. IIIIIIG PILLS "3"? R1“ Tilt)

All the pipes in the plant were measured and located.
h drawing showing the layout is in the tack cover of this
book. Table I has all the pipes and fittings listed for
each of the seven routes to the seven tarts.

The puipoee of Tatle I is to ta ‘2 ate the coefficients
of the head losses through the pipes, fittings, and tanks
in terms of v§./eg. V3" is the velocity in a 3 in. pipe.
The coefficient equals r% in the ferrule hf : r L/D VZ/Zg.
f equals coefficient of friction, L equals length of pipe
in inches or feet, D equale diameter of pipe in inches or
in feet, and hf equals head in feet. The f's were taken
from figure 114-”Flow of water in pipee", Hvdraulice,
Sehoeder and Dawson, p.198, using "fairly smooth pipe" at
a velocity of 5 ft./ sec. The follceing f's were used:
e"e-r-.022, c~c~rs.033, 5”d-f-.024, 4"c-r- .026, e"c-r=.oze.

TABLE I
COEFFICIENTS FOR HEAD LOLSES
V 2

3"
4%

IN TERMS OF

( Tam; No. 1 )

 

v 2
number: Item :: Amount : Y 3,, 28
1 e 3”! 8"! 6" '90 Bend 'c 1 e .02
2 o 8”: 3"! 8" T30 e 1 e .50
3 e 5" 90 Degree Bend e 1 e .50
4 . 5' Pipe '. 5' - 35*. .56
6 . 3": 2 1/2": 5" Tee . l . 1.50
6 e 3” Pipfi e 4" e 00‘
7 e 3" 08‘s Valve 'e 1 0 e05
e . 3" Pipe ' '. 5" . .04
9 . 3" .Multiport Valve". 1 . 5.00
10 . 3" Pipe . 6' - 8" . .73
11 e 3" 90 Degre, Bend 0 1 e e50
12 e 3" P1P. e 1' - 10". .20
13 . a": 3" Orifice Plate. 1 . 6.06
1‘ e 5” P1P. o 1' ‘ 10". .20
16 e 3” 90 DESIC. Band 0 1 e e50
16 e 3" P1P. e 4" e 00‘
17 e Softening Tank e 1 e 3099
18 . 5" Pipe . 6” . .04
19 e 5”! 2 1/2“: 5" T83 e 1 e 1050
30 e 3” Pip. e 1' - 6" e .17
21 . Multiport Valve . 1 . 5.00
22 . 3" Pipe . 6” . .04
23 e 3” 90 Degree Band 0 2 e 1.00
2‘ o 5” P1P. e 9" 0 e08
25 o 3” 90 Degree B.nd e 1 e 050
2 o 3" Pipe . 7' - O” o .80
27 e 3"! 4”: 5" T0. e 1 e .19
28 . 4* Pipe . 5' ~ 2" . .59
29 e 4": 5”: 4” To. 0 1 e 039
30 o 6" Pipe 0 2‘ "' 2" .0 .02
31 0 4'1 6"X 5” Tee 9 J. o .16
32 e 6" Gate Valve 0 1 . .01
33 e 6': 8"! 4" Te. 0 1 e 001

( Tank N00 2 )

 

Humbere Item 0 amount 0 V g”/ 23
e e o
1 . 8"! a”! 6" 90 Bend . 1 . .02
3 . 8"! 3"! 8" T66 . 1 . .03
3 . 8" Pipe . 5' - 4" . .01
4 . 8": 6": 3" Tee . 1 . .52
5 e 3" P1P. e 3' “ 0” e 034
6 e 3" 90 Bear.” Band 0 1 e 050
7 e 3" P1P. e 4" e .04
8 e 3" Gate V0116 e 1 e e05
9 e 3" Pipe e 4" e e04
lO . 3" rultiport valve . l . 5.00
11 e 5" Pipe 0 6' . 8" e 073
12 . 3". 90 Degree Bend . l . .50
13 a 3" Pipe e 1' - 1°”. .20
1‘ e 2"! 3" or1r1°° Plate 0 1 e 5.05
16 e 5" P1P. e 1' ‘ 10”. 020
16 . 3" 90 Degree Bend . l . .50
17 e 5" Pipe 0 4" e .04
18 o 80ft0n1fl8 Tank 0 1 e 3099
19 . 3" Pipe . 6" . .04
20 e 3”: 2 1/2": 5" Tee 0 1 e 1e50
21 o 3" P1P. e 1' ’ 6" e .17
22 e ““1‘1p0r‘ Valve 0 1 e 5.00
25 . 5" Pipe . a" . .04
24 . 3" 90 Degree Bend . 2 . 1.00
25 p 3' P1P. e 9" 0 e08
28 e 3": 4”: 3” T0. e 1 e 1016
27 . 4" Pipe . 5' - 2" . .59
28 e 4": 4": 5” TO. 0 1 e 059
29 . 5" Pipe . 2' - 2" . .02
30 . 4'1 5"! 6" Tee . 1 . .16
31 . 6” Gate Val'. . 1 . .01
52. . 6": 8": 4" Tee . 1 . .Ol
( Tank No. 5 )
1 . 8": 8"! 6" 90 Bend . 1 . .02
2 . 3"! 5"! 8" T60 . 1 . .03
5 o 8" P1P. o 5' " 4" o 001
4 e 8"! 6": 3" T6. e 1 e .03
5 o 6" P1P. e 12fl e 001
6 . 6": 5": 6" Tee . l . .53
7 e 3” Pipe 0 1' - 4" e 014
8 . 3" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .50
9 e 3" P1P. e 5' - 3" e .36
10 . a" 90 Degree Bend . l . .50

 

Number. Item . Amount . V g"/ 23
O Q 0
O O 0
11 e 5” Pip. e 5' "’ 6" 0 e39
12 e 3"' Gate Valve e 1 e e05
13 O 3" Pip. . 4" o ‘004
14 . 5" Multiport Valve . 1 . 5.00
15 e 3" Pipe e 6' - 8” e ‘e73
16 . 3" 90 Degree Bend . ' 1 . .50
17 . 5" Pipe . 1' - 10". .20
18 . 2"x 5" Orifice Plate . . 5.05
19 . 5" Pipe . 1' - 10”. .20
20 . 5" 90 Degree Bend . 1 1 .50
21 . 3" Pipe . 4" . .04
22 . Softening Tank . 1 . 5.99
23 e 3” P1P. e 6" e .04
24 e 3": 2 1/2”! 3" TBS e 1 e 1.50
25 . 5" Pipe . 1' - 6” . .17
26 . Multiport Valve . 1 . ‘5.00
27 e 5" P1P. e 6" e e04
28 . 5” 90 Degree Bend . 2 . 1.00
29 . 5" Pipe . 9" . .08
50 . 3" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .50
31 e 3” Pipe e 6” e e04
52 . 4”: 4”: 5" Tee . 1 . 0.39
33 e 5' P1P. e 2' * 2" e e02
3‘ e 4': 6": 5" T8. t‘ 1 e .16
35 e 6" Gate VBIVQ e 1 e e01
36 e 6”: a": 4" To. e 1 e e01
( Tank NOe 4 )

1 . B": 8": 6' 90 Bend . 1 c .02
2 e 8"! 3.x 8" T60 e 1 e e03
3 e 8" P1P. e 5. ’ 4" e e01
4 . 8": 6": 5" Tee . 1 . .03
5 e 6" P1P. e 12" e e01
6 . 6”: 5"x 6" Tee . 1 . .09
7 e 6" ‘5 DCSIGO Bend e l e e02
8 e 6" P1P. e 1' “ 6" e e01
9 . 6" 45 Degree Bend . 1 . .02
10 . 6” Pipe . 19' - 0" . .07
11 . ("x 4": 6" Tee . 1 . .22
12 e 4” Pipe e 2' - 0" e ‘e06
13 e 4” 90 DCQrCG Bend e 1 e e16
14 . 5": 5": 4" Tee . 1 . .66
15 . 3' Pipe ' . 6' - 0" . .67
16 . 5" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .52
1, e 3” P1P. e 3' - 4” e e3
"“‘”1e . e" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .50

 

N“.b.ro Item, 0 o
‘ O O Q
19 . 3" Pipe . 4" . .04
20 . 3” Gate Valve . 1 . .05
21 . 3" Pipe . . 5" . .04
28 o kultiport valve 0 1 0 500
23 o 3" P1P. o 6' ¢ 8” o .73
24 . 6” 90 degree Bend . 1 . .50
86 O 3" Pipe 0 1' "’ 10". 020
26 . 2"13" Orifice Plate . 1 y . 6.05
87 . 5" Pip. . 1' ~ 10". .20
28 . 3” 90 degreo Bend . 1 . .50
89 o 3' Pig. 0 4" o 00‘
30 . Sotten n3 Tank . 1 . 3.99
31 o 3“ P1 . o 6" o 00‘
32 . 5” x 2 "x 3" To. . 1 I 1.60
33 o 3" P1P. o 1. . 6' o 01,
3‘ o EHltiport V317. o 1 o 5000
5: . 3" mp. . 6" . .04
36 o 3” 9° DOEIC. 30nd o 2 o 1.00
37 o 3” P1P. o 9" o .08
38 o 3" 90 Dears. Bend 0 1 o .50
39 a 3" P1P. o 4' - 1" 0 0‘5
‘0 o 3"! 3": 4" T3. 0 1 a 1016
‘1 0 ‘" P1P. o 2' ‘ 9" o 008
‘2 0 ‘n 90 DOE’.’ 3.3“ o 1 o .15
43 0 ‘fl P1P. o 6" o .02
44 . 4” 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
‘5 I ‘R P1P. o 17. " 6" 0 0‘7
46 . 4" 90 Degreo Bond . 1 . .16
‘7 0 ‘" P1P. o 2' ‘ 9' o 008
‘8 o 4' 9° DBSIO. Bond a 1 o 016
49 o ‘l P1P. o 9" o 008
50 . 4”! 6"! 5" Tee . 1 . .09
61 . 6' Gut. vulvo . 1 . .01
68 . 6”: 8": 4" Too . 1 . .01
(Tank N00 5)
1 . 8”: 8": 6" 90 Bond . 1 . .02
8 . 8": 3": 8" Too . 1 . .03
3 a 8" P1P. o 5. ‘ 4' o .01
4 . 8": 6': 3" To. . 1 . .03
5 o 5' Pip. o 12" o .01
6 o 6': 3": 6" TO. 0 1 o .09
7 . 6" 46 Dogroo Bond . 1 . .02
8 o 6” P1P. 0 1. ' 6" o 001
9 o 6" 45 DBgI.‘ Bond 0 1 o .08
10 o 6' P1P. o 19' ' 0' o 007
11 . 4": 4": 6' Too . 1 . .22

 

Number. Item . Amount . v-g. / 29

L L O ___K

O O O
12 e ‘" Pipe 0 2"0” 9 .06
13 . 4' 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
14 . 5": 3”: 4" Tee . 1 . .66
15 . 3” 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .50
16 . 3" Pipe . 5'-4" . .30
17 .~ 3” 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .50
18 e 5" Pipe e 4:" e 00‘
19 . 3” Gate Valve . 1 . .05
so .1 0" Pipe . 5" . .04
81 e Militiport Valve e 1 e 5 e 00
22 . 3" Pipe . 6'-8" . .73
23 .- 3" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .50
34 e 3” Pipe e 1' ‘10” o o 20
25 . 2”: 3" Orifice Plate . 1 . 5.05
26 e' 3" Pipe e 1"”10" e em
87 e 3" 90 D6308 Bend e 1 e e50
88 e 3" Pipe . 4:” 9 e0‘
2 . Softening Tank . 1 . 3.99
30 .- 3" Pipe . 6” . .04
31 e- 5": 2%”1 3' TO. e 1 e 1e50
32 e 3" pipB e 1"6” 9 .1,
33 . Multiport valve ' . 1 . 5.00
34 p 3" Pipe 9 6" e .04
36 . 3" 90 Degree Bend . 8 . 1.00
30 . 8" Pipe . 9" . .08
37 . 3” 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .50
38 . 3" Pipe . 1'~10' . .20
39 . 3": 3": 4" Tee . 1 . 1.16
to e ‘" P1p° e 2"”9" e e08
41 . 4" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
42 . 4” Pipe . 6" . .02
43 . 4" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
44 . 4" Pipe . 17'~6" . .47
45 . 4” 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
46 e 4” Pipe e 2"9" e e08
47 . 4" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
48 e 4” P1P. ‘ e 9" 0 .08
49, . 4': 6'2 5" Tee . 1 . .09
50 e 6” Gate Valve e 1 e e01
51 e 6"! 8": ‘9! T.. e 1 e e01

 

( Tank No. 6 )
Humbore Item e AmOunt e V 2n I 28

O A 0 Q
m 1 e 8”: 8"1 6" 9° Bend e 1 e .05
2 . 6" Gate Valve . 1 . .01
3 e 6” Pipe e 3'-6~ 0 .06
4 . 6” 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .03
5 e 6" to 4" RedUOCr e 1 e e16
6 . 4" Pipe . 10'-7" . .29
7 . 4" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
8 e 4" P1P. e 17"0. e e46
9 e 4" 90 Degree Bend e 1 e e16
10 . 4" Pipe . 7'-6" . .21
11 e 4" 90 DBEICO Bend e 1 e e16
12 . 4” Pipe . 4” . '.01
13 . 4" Multiport Valve . 1 . 5.00
14 e 4” P1P. e 7"0" e e19
15 .' 4" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
16 e 4" Pip. e 3'*6" e e10
17 . 4" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
18 e 4” P1P. e 6" e e01
19 . Softening Tank . 1 . 3.99
20 e 4' P1P. e 6" e e01
21 e 4”: 4"! 4" TOO e 1 e e48
22 . 4” P1 e . 13” . .13
83 e ‘" Muitiport Valve e 1 e 5.00
24 . 3" Pipe . 7" . .06

25 . Permutit Meter . 1 .
26 . 3" Pipe . 4" . .03
27 . 3' 90 Degree Bend . 2 . 1.00
28 . 3": 5": 4" Tee . 1 . 1.16
2, e 4” 90 Degree Bend e 1 e e16
30 e 4” P1p° e 3.’O' e e08
31 e 4" 90 chreo Bend e 1 e e16
32 . 4' Pipe . 6" . .01
33 . 4” 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
34 e 4" P1P. e 18'*8" e e50
35 . 4" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
36 . 4” Pipe . 3‘o0" . .08
37 e 4” 90 Dagrae Band e 1 e e16
38 . 4” Gate Valve . 1 . .03
39 . 4" Pipe . 12" . .03
40 . 4" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
‘1 e 6"1 8”: 4" TO. e 1 e e33

‘ Tank.N°e 7 )

 

Ember. It... . Amount . v §./ 23
O Q J
e e e

1 e 8": 8"! 6" 90 Bond e 1 e e08
2 . a": 3": 0" Tee . 1 . .03
3 e 8" Pipe 0 5'”4" 0 e01
‘ e 8": 6": 3" T.‘ e 1 e e03
5 e 6" Pip. e 13" e e01
6 e 6"! 3"} 6” TO. e l e e09
7 . 6" 43 Degree Bend . 1 . .02
e . 6" Pipe . 1'-e" . .01
9 e 6" 45 Degree 30nd e 1 e e02
10 e 6” Pip. e 19"0" e e07
11 e 4": 4"x 6" T9. e 1 e e22
12 e 4" Pipe e 2"2" 0 e06
13 . 4" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
14 e 4” Pipe e 6” e .02
15 e 3": 3"1 4" T80 e l e e82
16 ; 5" Pipe e 4"1” 0 e45
17 e 3" Gate VfllVO e l e e05
18 . 3" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .50
19 e 3" Pipe e 3'-3" e e36
20 . 3": 2%": 3" Tee . 1 . 1.50
21 e 3" Fife e 1"2" e e14
B e r" Mu.tip0rt V3170 e l e 5e00
25 . 3" Pipe . 6'~7" . .73
2 . 3” 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .50
2 e 3" Pipe 0 5"10" 0 e42
2 e 3” 90 Degr.a Bend e l e e50
2 e 3" Pipe e 6" e .05
2 . Iron Removal Tank . 1 . 2.64
2 e 5" Pipe e C" e e04
'30 . 3": 2%": 3" Tee . l . 1.50
31 e 3" Pipe e 1"5" e e17
32 e 3” Zultipert V019. e 1 e 5.00
33 . 3" Pipe . 6" . .04
34 . 3" 90 Degree Lend . 2 . 1.00
55 . 3* Pipe . 1'-3" . .14
36 . 3" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .30
:57 e ' " Pipe 0 4"5” 9 050
38 e 3" 90 DO‘rea Bend e 1 e 050
39 . 3": 3": 4" Tee . 1 . 1.16
40 . 4" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
41 . 4" Pipe . 3'-0" . .08
42- . 4” 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
‘3 e 4" Pipe. e 6" e e01
4‘ e 4" 95 D‘srae Bend e 1 e e16
45 . 4" Pipe e 13"8"' e e50
46 . 4” 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
47 e 4” Pipe e 5’-0' e .08
48 e 4" 90 Dogrie Bend e 1 e e16
‘9 . 4" Gate V3170 . 1 . .03
50 . 4" Pipe . 12" . .03
51 . 4" 90 Degree Bend . 1 . .16
53 . 6"! 8": 4" T30 . 1 . .33

For the fittings, as elbows, tees, reducers, and valves,
Table IVh"Special Losses of Eeed in Terms of VE/zg",fl drauliee.
Schoeder and Lesson, p.313, was need. All velocity heads

were then converted to Vin/2g by these conversion factors:

V§.,/2g as .02 Vgn/Eg Vin/28 . .0625 vgn/Zg
v2 /2r = 130 v2 /2 v2’ [2a a 516 v2 /2
5!! E: 0 3n 8 4n 0 e 30 g

The number of velocity heads lost thru the tanks were

computed as follows:
Loss of Head in Send

from.Hazen'e formula V==c<i2 h/1(O.7000.30t)
V=velocity in meters per day

cleOO

dzeffective size of sand in mm.= 0.28mm.
t=tenpereture in C b 50? - lcC
Qeapproximately 100 G.P.K.

A-38.5 sq. ft.

v-q/A=o.00577 ft./eec.= 152.4 meters/day
1=5'-2"

nf=vx1/cd*(.7..3t)= 2.71 ft. which varies

directly as Q
Lose of Head in Underdruinage

nozzles at C" centers

diameter of nozzle(oxyaninghlI 1/8"

area served by each nozzle- 1/4 sq.ft.

take fi‘lOO G.P.M.

each nozzle, q=(100/449136.5)x0.25-O.OOI45 c.f.a.
V'Q/fl = .001453144/1/8210.7354= 17 ft./cec.
V=C(25h)% h=(17)2/.s72x64.4=4.el

nozzle looe=(l-c:)h= (1-.977)4.81= 0.29’

Loss in gravel and underdrainegeec.234.018 0.30'

,9
which vdried as g~
Loss in Entry to Tank

Flow boos from 3" pipe to 4-1;"pipea at 30 deg.
at a loss of 1 vf/eg
v§-;(z/1;)375' v§/2;= 2.07v§/23
, 3"vel. hd. for Q8100 G.?.L. = 0.32'
For looo~P.m.(1.2.07)o.32- 0.98'tvarroa as ea)
Total 1083 through tank = 2.71 plus .30 plus .98 = 3.99'
Now we have head 105565 in terms of velocity heads
for 3” pipe for pipes, fittings, and tonks. These velocity
heads will be later converted into ft.hd. lose es Q is de-
termined for each route as it is shown in Table III
To have the velocity heads in Table I mean anything,
Table II was tabulated to show which items curried water
to tanks 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, or their combinations. The groups
of items were lettered and shown on the flow diagram.

For each grouping the number of Vgn/ag were added.

TABLE II

300?3 SELECTIONS

Items. . Of tank “ . Common to . Route on
Tank fies. :1agram

Coefé

 

-“*~~v¢ “-1.... ’nw”.F-* $-40. a. .o VII-’4'. I.” w—«av-o-oa .. -- .no-CQQ-n ”-oo-qn-n. go. —.a.-n~-.- .

1 . 1 . 1,?,?,4,F,7 AB

2 term 3? . 1 , 1 503

EA’ th'u «I o 1 o 3,?.? 0 PD
3? thru ?? . I . 1,2,3,4.5 . 9T
" t'rt u . 2 . ?,?,4,E,7 . P“
’3 t r“ 2E: o 2 a 2 o rte
f trf‘u 5 o 3 I 334.15.? 0 DP.
‘“ t‘5ru 31 . u . 1 . PF”?
12 hru 14 . é . 4,5 . J
5 thru ll . 4 . 6,7,7 . F:
1: thrill :r o 4 o l. 9 $771,?“
4. niru 50 . 4 . .,5 . "’
13 turd 35 . Z . T . .3;
3. tin" 3 . ' 6 . C . £73
33 thru 41 . 3 . 5,? . S?
..

t- '2: 7-“;
And “I‘ll v3 0 7 o '7 o ....-g;

.02
68.53
.59
.57
.02
.04
26.69
.04
3 .06
.88
.43
2?.15
2.56
26.2
17.98
5.02

h}

'5.73

FLOE‘.’ DI AGRAM

F___——__———

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

water

RBI

 

Hater

Treated

The 8 in. velocity heads from Table II were entered
in Table III Opposite their corresponding group. Rates
in G.P.M. were assumed for each of the seven tanks and tho ‘
resulting flows through the routes were noted. Now the val-
ocity'heads for the ohoosen Q's can be figured and multi-
plied by the hunter of those heads as summed in Table II
to obtain the head losses in feet.

In the system the point of beginninQ was so chosen to
be common to all save; routes as was the end point. The
head losses in feet or lbs. through each route are equal.
However, the various pipes and fittings for the different
routes are no located at the present as to require diff-
erent quantitiee of water through the seven route: to ob-
tain that equality of head loss. The purpone of Table III
is to obtain those rates. Trial no.1 gave unequal losses
so trials no.2 and no.3 were taken. Trial no.5 gave approx-
imately equal head losses with the following rates;

Tank $0. G.P.M.
l --------- --lOl.5
2 ----- ~~~~~10 3 . 5
3------~--105.5
4------~~---90.0
5-----~----~90.5
6----~-----ll7.0
7----~-----92.0

The above unequal flows caused the present sand to

TABLE III

PUQPING 700 G.P.M.

thnfi PHadLNT CONDITIOhS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TRIAL 31
Tank No. . Route . c.r.s. . Coat. . vgn/zg . FT.
. (nee flow . . Vz/Z . . HEAD
e diagram) 0 e 3 S e e
e e e e _4
0 e e e e
e A3 . 590 . .02 . 11.08 . 0.22
. *Bco . 110 . .29.os . 0.584 . 1.12
0- OP e 220 e 0.59 o 1.038 e 0091
l . PH . 330 . 0.57 . 3.456 . 1.27
. HT . 500 . .02 . 7.925 . 0 6
e e e e 0 $4.38
. Ab e 590 e .03 e 11.08 '. 0.22
e BD 0 480 e .04 e 7.30 e 0.29
. *lEP . 110 . 27.20 . 0.384 . 10.43
B . U: . 220 . 0.59 o 1.536 e 0091
. IR . 330 . 0.57 . 3.456 . 1.97
. RT . 500 . .02 . 7.925 . 0 16
e e e e e 13.98
0 ‘33 e 590 . .02 g 11.08 . 0.22
. ED . 480 . .04 . 7.50 . 0.29
. U3 . 370 . .04 . 4.54 . 0.17
a . $FGH? . 110 . 37.57 . 0.584 . 10.58
. PM . 330 . ob? . 3.456 . $.02?
. HT . 500 . .0; . 7.925 . 6
. . . . . I3.39
0 IV e 590 e 003 . 11.08 e 0.22
. BL . 480 . .04 . 7.00 e 0.29
. DF . 370 . .04 . 4.54 . 0.17
e II . 200 e 0.45 e 2.15 e 0093
4 . IJ . 170 . 0.88 . 0.915 . 0.81
. *J1;Q . 85 e 26.45 0 00231 O 6012
. QR . 170 . 2.58 . 0.915 . 2.34
0 RT 9 500 0 e02 e 7.925 e 0.16

m

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tank NO. . Rant. e G.P.H. e 0091’. e V§”/2‘ e F'LHD.
. AB I 590 . .02 . 11.08 . 0.22
. BD . ‘80 C ‘0‘ C 7.30 . 0.29
. DI . 570 . .04 . 4.54 . 0.17
. r: . 250 . .45 . 2.15 . 0.95
. H . 170 C .88 . 0.915 C o 8
. *JLQ . 85 . 25.51 . 0.251 . 5.53
. QR . 170 . 2.50 . 3.915 . 3.54
. RT . 500 . .02 . .925 . .%6
no A. 4;. 1 e e

e . e e e
. ANS . 110 . 18.49 . 0.584 .8 7.10
. 5T . 200 . 5.02 . 1.258 . 5.85
I 43 . 590 I .02 I 11.08 I 0.22
. 50 . 480 . .04 . 7.50 . 0.29
. HF . 570 . .04 . 4.54 . 0.17
. Fl . 260 . .45 . 2.15 . 0.95
. *Lus . 90 . 25.57 . .257 . 5.00
. ST . 200 C 3.03 . 1.268 O 3 83
O O . O . IICEI
Al .1. A C A C j
0 O O 0 O
TRIAL so. 2
I O C C 0
. 45 . 585 . .02 . 10.98 . 0.22
. *Bcb . 100 . 28.52 . .521. 9.15
. 0P . 205 . 0.59 . 1.55 . .80
. PR . 510 . 0.57 . 5.09 . 1.15
. RT . 490 . .02 . 7.74 . 5
C O O C I C 2.
#LL A 4. e e e
. AB . 585 . .02 I 10.98 . 0.22
. 50 . 485 . .04 . 7.52 . 0.50
. *DEO . 105 . 26.9“ . .353. 9.61
. 0P . 205 . 0.59 . 1.55 . 0.80
. fig . 310 . 0.57 O 3.09 C 1.76
. . 490 . .02 ., 7.74 . .15
e 3,“ e e e 9 e
I AB I 585 I .02 I 10.98I 0.22
. an . 485 . .04 . 7.52. .50
. 0r . 580 . .04 . 4.52, .19
. PGHP‘ . 105 . 27.51 . .555. 9.55
. fig . 310 C ‘57 C 3.39 C 1.36
. ‘ . 490 . .02 . . 4 . . 5
C . . . . 1 .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tank No. . Rout. . 6.13.15. . 5591'. . Vii/2g . 19.55.
_9_ O O 9 O
O O O O ' O
0 AB 0 585 ‘ o .02 0 10.98 0 .023
0 BD 0 485 Q .04 Q 7.52 0 .30
. DF .. 580 . .04 . 4.52 . .19
4 . F1 . 275 . .45 . 2.42 . 1.04
. I: . 180 . .88 . 1.04 . .92
. *JKQ . 90 . 25.57 . .259 . 5.91
. QR . 180 . 2.56 . 1.04 . 8.66
. RT . 490 . .02 . 7.74 . .55
Q A ___0 9 l __ Q 0
O o I O O
0 AB 0 585 O 002 I 10098 O .28
. BD . 485 . .04 . 7.52 . .50
. DF . 580 . .04 . 4.52 . .19
. F1 . 275 . .43 . 2.42 . 1.04
5 . H O 180 O .88 O 1.04 I .92
. *JLQ . 90 . 25.75 . .259 . 5.55
. QR . 180 . 2.55 . 1.04 . 2.55
. RT . 490 . .02 . 7.74 . .15
. W .1 - 4 .IC.
0 O O 0 O
5 . *ANS . 115 . 18.70. .425 . 7.94
, ST . 210 . 5.05 . 1.41 . 4.25
_ 1 _ . .fl . .. 13153.2.
. AB . 585 . .02 . 10.98 . 0.22
. BD . 485 . .04 . 7.52 . .50
. Dr . 580 . .04 . 4.52 . .19
7 . II . 275 . .45 . 2.42 .1.04
. ‘Img . {g . 25.35 . 1.289 . 5.80
. s . 2 . 5. 2 . .4 , 4.25
1L 9 O .L -1:jl_:___
TRIAL no. 5
O 0 O O 0 W'—
. AB . 582 . .02 . 10.85 . 0.22
. *Bco . 101 . 28.57 . .525. 9.51
1 0 0P 0 804 I .59 Q 1.33 O 079
. PR . 509 . .37 . 5.05 . 1.75
. RT .' 489 . . 2 . 7.55 . .15
. . . . .1 2.§§_
0 AB 0 682 O .02 O 10086 0 0.22
. BD . 481 . .04 . 7.45 . .50
. ‘DEO . 105 . 25.84 . .541. 9.22
2 . 02 .' 204 . .59 . 1.55 . .79
. PR . 509 . .57 . 5.05 . 1.75
. RT . 489 . .02 . 7.55 , .15
O O O O O 20

ThlAL.N0.5 (cont‘d.)

 

 

 

 

 

Tank NO. 0 Route 0 GOPOM. O COGf. Q v§"/Zg O FTOHDO
’_ 1.1 o o o
. AB I 582 . .02 : 10.86 . 0.22
0 BD 0' 481 o 004.. 7.45 o 050
. DF . 578 . .04 . 4.58 . .18
5 . *PGHP . 105 . 27.51 . .555. 9.55

. PR . 509 . .57 . 5.06 . 1.75
oQt RT 0 489 o 002 o 7065 o 015
0 19‘ AM _O_______ 0 oh
. 28 . 582 I .02 1 10.86 . o. 22
0 BD 0 481 o .04 o 7045 a 00°
9 DF 0 378 o 004 o 4058 o .18 ‘

4 . F1 . 275 . .45 . 2. 59 . 1. 05
. lJ . 180 . .88.. 1.04 . 0. 92
. ‘JKQ . 90 . 26.67 . .259. 5. 91
. QR . 180 . 2.56 . 1.04 . 2.36
. RT . 489 . .02 . 7.65 . 5
. AB . 582 . .02 . 10.86 . .22
0 ED 0 481 o 004 g' 7.43 0 05°
0 DF 0 378 O .04 o 4.58 0 018
. F1 . 273 . .43 . 2.39 . 1. 03

5 . II . 180 . .88 . 1.04 . .92
. *JLQ . 90 . 25.74 . .259. 6. 66
. QR . 180 . 2.56 . 1.04 . 2. 66
. RT . 489 . .02 . 7.65 . .15
0 O L __1 o o_ b:

6 . *158 Z 118 I 18.91 3 .445. 8.42
. ST . 21 . 5.02 . 1.43 . 4.52
0 “fl 0 O A o o 2: 4
. AB . 582 . .02 . 10.86 . .22
. BD . 481 . .04 . 7.43 . .50

7 . DF . 578 . .04 . 4.58 . .18
1 F1 . 273 . .45 . 2.59 . 1.05
. *IMS . if . 25.48 . .278. 5.55
O S O 2 C O

P

 

3.02 1.43 . 4 32
__ A :2:§§
*8 routes through tanks

Final rates through tanks 1 to 7 are 101.5 G.P.n.,
103.5 GOPOKO. 105.5 GOPOI‘iO, 90.0 GOPOEAO' 90.5 GOPOMO.
117.0 G.P.M., & 92.0 G.P.m. respectively at a platt
1086 or 12.36ft. or 5.55 lbs.

wear out before its guarantee expired. The next section

will give the changes to be made in the sand.

‘HAfiGJL In Lgfiv
L

The Permutit Co. will furnish nee gravel for tanks
1,2,3,4,&5 consisting of a 12" layer 1/8 to 1/2 in. gravel .
Also to be supplied by the Permutit Co. is 68 cu.ft. of
Zeo~herb for each of the five units. The Lity of last Lana-
ing 18 to buy 70 cu.ft. of Zec-Earb(lé cu.ft. for each of
the five tanks} at the price of $1275 plieh includes the
price of 70 cu.ft. of sand 9188 the friiJht on 580 cu.ft.

At present there is Zen-Karb(200 cu.ft.) in tank nm.5 which
will be distributed to the five automatic tanks at 40 cu.ft.
per tank. Each of the five tanks will then have 8 total of
116 cu. ft. of Eco—kart.

The best of the Zoo-Bur taken from the five tanks
will be placed in tank no.5(200 Cl.ft.} Tank no.7 will

still have the 1:0 cu.ft. of mnncenese zeolite.

Tank 30. Vol. of Sand 5 of 5" vel.hd.

l 116 Cleft. 30:26-

n n n

o

2. 1? n

4 " n

5 N n

6 800 cu.ft. 3.99

7 100 cu.ft. 2.54

11th these changes, the plant oepccity 3111 be brectcr. The

next section gives new pumping rates.

I7

" '5”? 3.1",“ r:- mrwe ;r\:~r:-*".'Lp‘
J 1'.» A»; 21-11.35.) IT'JLJJJ-L. .2

54

20 min. rinse; 10 min. wash; 10 min brine; 10 min. clearance
equals 50 min. cycle.

5x50min. equals 250 min. cycle for the 5 automatic units
5xllec.f.x5000 = 2,900,000 grains

water at 20 gr. per 381.- 2,900,000/20 = 145,000 gals. for
the 5 tanks

9

wash st 250 G.?.1.x10 min. ’ 2300 521./tank

rinse nt 115 G.?.L.x2021n. 2700 gal./tenk

5 x 4500 a 25,cc0 5.1/5 tanks

 

23 000 * 145.0001fial - 660 0.2.2. to 5 tanks
250 min. cycle ’

Tank No. 6
2000.f.x£800gr./c.f.s 560,0002r.
580,000gr./2ng./gai.= 28,000 £515.
28.C005815. plus 4600 3815.8 $2,600 £315.
32.500 gals./£50 min.= 150 0.1.1.
Tank No. 7
Treats 20% of processed aster
(145,000/170,000)1050 o 660)3 690 G.P.i. softened by
fitmms
690 c.1.x./4= 172:5: 060 G.I.1. processed ester

Total Pumping equals 860 GwFuE. plus 1:0 G.P.£. equals 980 G.P.M.

 

RATE FOR 112105

The plant now pumps at a rate of 603 G.F.K. at a loss
of 4.6 lbs. After the change in the sand has been made,a
1000 GuP.H. rate would be economical, 600 0.}.2. is all
that is necessary at the present, and 1200 G.P.h. could be
used in the future as water consumption demands.

at the present the system should be redesigned for
800 G.P.E. at a loss of 5 lbs. which would give a loss of
4.7 lbs. for 1000 G.P.h. and 6.8 lbs. for 1200 0.2.x.

It is desired to have tanks 1 thru 0 to each tnke
106 0.2.2. or a total of 80; and the iron-removal tank #7
to take 160 5.2.2. of 20% of the 210.. this would give a
desirable ester having a hardness of about 70 ppm expressed
as calcium carbonate. Using tuGLG floss, assuming the land
having been replaced, the £011021n5 Lena losses expzessed
in feet are obtained for the SCVen tanks with the present

piping;(see Table IV)

Tank ho. Ft. heed
l~~ ------------- 15.09
2*- ------------- 12.85
3-— ------------- 12.42
4-~ ------------- 17.49
5~----- ------- --17.15
6--—---- -------- 13.40

7-‘. ----- -------LL. 2.0

 

TABLE IV

 

 

 

 

 

 

m (2) (a) :4) 2(5) (6)
Tank No. . Route . 0.19.11. . Coef. . Van/23 . ItJid.
_k__;. .T}M_ o 1‘ L* o
o o o o o
. AB . 590 . .02 . 15.20 . .30
. *Bco . 106 . 27.62 . .359. 9.93
1 . 0P . 212 . .59 . 1.44 . .85
. PR . 318 . .57 . 3.22 . 1.?3
. RT . 530 . .02 . 9.02 . .
o o o . ._;3.6g
0 Q o o o
. AB . 690 . .02 . 15.20 . .30
0 ED 0 584 o .04 a 10.90 s 0“
2 . I"DEC . 106 . 25.79 . .359. 9.26
. OP . 212 . .59 . 1.44 . .85
. FR . 318 o .57 e 3.32 o 10?:
. RT . 530 . .02 . 9. 2 . .
___- . L“. . ____:."'I'2"'.86""
o o o o o
,. AB . 690 . .02 . 15.20 . .30
. BD . 584 . .04 . 10.90 . .44
. DF . 478 . .04 . 7.33 . .29
3 o *FGHP o 106 D 26.10 0 0 03590 9038
. FR . 318 . .57 . 3.32 . 1.83
’. HT . 530 . .02 . 9. 2 .
_.4b;rv ._, ._, . ,‘_‘ . . I2.%§“'
. AB . 690 . .02 . 15.20 . .30
. BD . 584 . .04 . 10.90 . .44
. DF . 478 . .04 . 7.33 . .29
. F1 . 372M . .43 . 4.43 . 1.90
4 . IJ . 212 . .88 . 1.44 . 1.27
. ”JKQ . 106 . 26.25 . .359. 9.02
0 Q o 212 o 3.56 o 1.44 o 3.69
. RT , 530 . .02 . 9.02 . 18
o o o w L 0 1,945
. AB . 690 . .02 . 15.20 . .30
. BD . 584 . .04 . 10.90 . .40
. PF . 478 . .04 . 7.3 '. .29
0 F1 . 572 Q .43 . 4.43 C 1.90
5 . IJ . 212 o .88 9 1.4.4 Q 1.27
. ’JL . 106 . 25.33 . .359. 9.08
o QR . 212 o 2.56 o 1044 Q 3.69
. RT . 530 . .02 . 9.02 . .18
o . o . . j

I

 

TkELE IV (cont'd.)
(1) (8) (3) (4) (5) (6)

 

 

Tm N0. 0 Ranto o GOPOMO a coat. 0 vgn/zg oFtoHdo
A. __0_ _ 1 0 9 O
O O O O 0

. *ANS . 106 . 18.28 . .359 . 6.55

. ST . 266 . 3.02 . 2.27 . 6.85

___ 4* O___ __ ##0## _! o 0 £5.16

. AB . 690 . .02 . 15.20 . .30

. bD . 584 . .04 . 10.90 . .44

0 DP 0 478 o ’04 Q 7.33 O .29

. F1 . 372 . .43 . 4.43 . 1.90

. I"11.13": . 160 . 26.26 . .818 . 21.42

. ST . 206 . 3.02 . 2.27 . 6 85

O __ O 0 Q 0 $926

 

* = routes through separate tanks

 

1;"er n71 r- 1:) wear-- in” 1"." c. r':' W"
LuLJ-‘JJHLINI‘U OJ L\..JJJJ.JVIJ'AIIA‘U ‘41») Au

The problem of redesigning his piping system to obtain
equal heed losses with the desired flow is more than o more
routine. Table II shows that many of the sine items are
used by two or more routes. Therefore, changes made for one
route may effect as many as five other routes. In order to
finally get the whole system to balance so as to obtain
equal frictional losses or head losses, many trials would
have to be performed. Then to , the most economical change
must be made rather than taking the perfection of one idea.

As time goes not permit the computing of the numeroul
calculations to redesign the system, the method will be given.

In Table IV columns 3 and 5 are constant, or G.P.M.
and 3” 701. heads. Adjust the pipes and fittings and cal-
culate the velocity heads as in Table I. Group the items
of Table I as in Table II. Shen the 3" vel. heads from
Table II are placed in column 4 of Table IV, the sun of the
products of columns 4 and 6 should be equal for the seven
routes if the adjustments are correct. If altocethor no:
routes were chosen, col.2,3,4,&5 would all change making

an entirely new problem.

 

., ......._-._ _-.......... ...--~—. ~....

 

 

 

, ‘, ,, ’ ’0', a I I ~ :
g 7% ¢r 7—0 5776? REE/MUN
‘ /£’a/v v_,EEMO'//4L,1(/N/7‘ #

 

710% x 9’4’555
3&F7‘E/V/Nc

? FEE/MU 777'
5‘ [/N/ 7‘ #5

 

" 7 “W ”W 9 1a ”

l..—

 

 

74 a”¢x9—’—o"
50F TEN/N6

FEE/ma 77 7‘

. -5QF7’EN//VG . (/N/T #6

 

 

 

 

FEE/v10 77 7*
aN/T #44

res-mag: 21—47%.
20:22 pit-P ‘

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PL fl/V

 

 

 

 

// [’6 0'

7«’-&’%x 91a ”5775’? PEEMl/Nr
5&F’7‘E/V/N6 N/7‘ # /

740 72/ 94a ” . FEE/MU r/r
soFrEN/NG aN/r # .2

7 4” VI ? Lfl” . PEBMt/Wr
5&F7’E/V/A/6 ' a/v/f #3

 

Wfi TEE WFTE/v/NG‘ p; fl/V 7'
5457" 1. 4N5/NG , M/C‘H/GZ/A/

flEflW/V 5V TW FOST/FF

52-44 E. ' 72 "= / la" JVA/E /94Z

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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