‘ég ||NIHIIHIIHIMIHMINIMUM!WWI HTHS EESTRSBUTQN OF THE CRUCIFERAE EN MICHiGAN Thesis for Degree of M. S. B. A‘ \Valpolc 3 92 5 l r‘ 1555“ Distribution of the Cruciferae in Michigan Thesis Presented for the Degree of Master of Science, Michigan State College. M'By 5,1.“ ”W r [‘51,] V. B. A. BIPOIB /' (“If-— 1925 THES‘S Acknowledgments The writer is very grateful to Dr. E. A. Bessey and to Dr. H. T. Darlington for advice and suggestions given throughout this study and for the criticism and correction of the manuscript. 1-94331530 DISTRIBUTION OF THE CRUCIFERAE IN MICHIGAN My purpose in this contribution is to make a survey of the mustards found in Michigan. This survey is made to correlate with contributions made by Dr. H. T. Darlington upon the "Orchidaceae in Michigan“, Miss Bertha E. Thompson's "Violaceae of Michigan”, and Dr. Kenoyer's “Umbellales in Michigan". I have followed the plan and the organization of these excellent contributions because they will be used as the bases of a new Michigan flora. In preparation of this report, the writer has made a careful study of all available herbarium material. The author has consulted the herbaria of the University of Michigan, Michigan Agricultural College, the Michigan State Normal College, the Michigan Western State Normal College, the Grand Rapids Historical Museum, the Field Museum in Chicago, the private herbaria of Messrs. C. Billington of Detroit and C. W. Fallass of Petoskey, and the author's personal collections. All available distribution lists were used in compiling the information gathered in this paper. The nomenclature of the second edition of Britton and Brown's "Illustrated Flora of United States and Canada” is followed except for the genus Brassica which is covered by L. H. Bailey's "The Cultivated Brassicas' publiShed in 1922. The writer is indebted to Dr. E. A. Bessey and Dr. H. T. Darlington for many helpful suggestions in preparing this distribution list. Few families of plants are of such great economic importance as the Mustard family, not only from the large number of troublesome weeds it contains, but also from the fact that not a single unwholesome plant is found in it. Many species form well known and excellent articles of food. Some of our worst weeds, however, most of which have been introduced into Michigan, belong to this family. There have been reported in Michigan thirty-four genera, including eighty-one species. We have forty-nine species coming from Europe, twenty—eight native to America, and four from Asia. A study of the distribution for the members of this family shows that the greatest number of mustards are found in the area of the state under cultivation. Southern Michigan has by far the most species represented. This is easily accounted for by the number of European species in this section of the state, the introduced species coming in by the importation of farm seeds and supplies. The writer believes many more species could be found in the Upper Peninsula if the territory could be investigated. Reports upon plants from this region are meager and those that have been made often lack specimens to verify the finding. The striking feature of this family is the almost complete lack of forest species. The family as a whole inhabits the open fields, roadsides, banks of streams, or cliffs. A few species are shade tolerant. Draba nemorosa, Draba aurea, Erucastrum nastur- tiifolium, Hymenophysagpubescens, and Lunaria rediviva are rare local species. It is not very likely that these plants will spread rapidly to other similar parts of the state. The writer has never seen a specimen of Draba nemorosa though it has been reported by two reliable botanists. The typical species for the northern part of the state are Arabis holboellii, Draba arabisans, Draba nemorosa, QEQQa aurea, Cardamine parviflora, Arabidopsig Egyae-angliae, Sophia pinnata, Sophia incisa, and Sophia sophia. Cakile edentula is a plant of the sandy beaches. It is found along the entire coast line of the Great Lakes. Lepidium perfoliatum represents a species coming into the state from the west. Draba verna appears from the states to the southwest. The outstanding point is the recent arrival of so many species of mustards within the state's boundaries and such a wide distribution of these newcomers in our state. From the standpoint of actual value or harm, the family is one of the most important of those represented in the state. -5- CRUCIFEHAE B. Juss. (MUSTARD FAMILY) Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, sometimes with woody base, and with watery acrid (or pungent) sap. Leaves alternate. Flowers perfect, racemose or corymbose; sepals h, deciduous; petals h or rarely wanting, alternating With the sepals. Stamens 6, rarely only 2 or M; the outer shorter, opposite the inner sepals. Ovary 2-celled by a septum which stretches across from the placentae, rarely l-celled; style undivided or wanting; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule, often greatly elongated, technically called a silique or, if short, a silicle. Seeds attached to both sides of the septum. ‘Artificial key to the genera represented in Michigan. I. Pod dehiscent into 2 valves to the base. A. Pods orbicular, globose, or oblong, or but little more than tWice as long as wide, therefore silicles. B. Silicles globose or flattened parallel with the septum; pods a little longer than Wide. C. Silicle not compressed. D. Silicle obovoid or pear- shaned, many seeded; flowers yellow.. ...... ..5. Camelina. D. Silicle globose or ‘ The key is written to fit only those genera and species known to occur in Michigan and must not be expected to -5- terete-oblong. Petals 2-cleft, silicles pubescent.....2. Berteroa. Petals not 2-cleft, silicles glabrous. Flowers yellow... ..... 8. Radicula. Flowers white. Terrestrial; style short, less than 2mm. long; pods globular...........10. Armoracia. Aquatic; submersed leaves finely dissected; style 2mm. long; pods ovoid..............ll. Neobeckia. C. Silicle compressed or flat. E. Silicle many seeded.......l. Draba. E. Silicle 2-8 seeded. Flowers yeIIOW...........u. Alyssum. Flowers white............3. Koniga. B. Silicle flattened at right angles to the septum. F. Seeds several in each cell of the silicle. G. Silicle triangular, cuneate, Wingless; plants -7- with branched hairs......6. Bursa. G. Silicle oblong or orbicular, winged all around; plants with hairs simple or none....15. Thlaspi. F. Seeds solitary in each cell. H. Silicle glabrous, winged all around or at the apex, rarely Wingless. Petals small, equal in size...............12. Lepidium. Petals small, unequal in size........ ..... ..13. Iberis. H. Silicle pubescent, winglese................lh. Hymenophysa. A. Pod elongated to linear, at least twice as long as wide, therefore a silique. I. Silique tipped with a short style or with style lacking. J. Seeds globose or oblong, wingless. K. Seeds in 2 rows in each cell. Flowers white; pubescence of simple hairs or wanting.......9. Sisymbrium. .5. Flowers yellow; pubescence of forked hairs...... ..... ......16. SOphia. K. Seeds in 1 row in each cell. L. Leaves dentate, dissected, or pinnatifid. Pods appressed, narrowly conic....18. Erysimum. Pods divergent, linear-cylindrio..l9. Norta. L. Leaves entire or slightly toothed. Flowers yellow. Stems glabrous; sessile,claeping.20. Conringia. Stems appressed pubescent; leaves not clasping.........l7. Cheirinia. Flowers purple, purplish-white, or white. Flowers purple, large, 15-20mm. broad............21. Hesperis. -9- Flowers white or pink, small, 3mm. broad.......22. ArabidOpsis. J. Seeds flat, winged or Wingless. M. Silique h—angled; valves keeled; flowers yellow..23. Barbarea. M. Siliques flat or flattish; flowers white, pink, violet or purple. N. Valves of the silique nerveless; seeds winglese; pods elastically dehiscent. Stem 2-3 leaved, naked below; rootstocks covered with scales or teeth.............26. Dentaria. Stem leafy below; rootstocks without scales or teeth...25. Cardamine. N. Valves of the silique l-nerved or veiny; seeds winged or winged-margined; pods not elastically -10... dehiscent...........2fl. Arabis. I. Siliques produced into a heak beyond the valves. 0. Beak conic or filiform, seedless. P. Silique terrete, flowers yellow. Seeds in l row.........31. Brassica. Seeds in 2 rows........32. Diplotaxis. P. Silique much compressed, flowers violet..........27. Lunaria. O. Beak flat, u-angled or 2-edged, containing 1 seed. Q. Valves of the pod with 1 strong nerve. Plants glabrous; seeds in 2 rows in each cell; pods long beaked................29. Eruca. Plants more or less pubescent; seeds almost always l-rowed in each cell; pods short beaked..........30. Erucastrum. Q. Valves of the pod with 3 strong nerves.........28. Sinapis II. Pods indehisoent, short or elongated. -11- R. Pods globose and reticulated...........7. Neslia. R. Pods elongated. S. Pods of 2 joints, separating at maturity; maritime herbs.........3u. Cakile. S. Pods not jointed but constricted between the seeds; not maritime herbsoooooooooooooooooo0000000000330 Raphanueo 1. DRABA (Dill.) L. Whitlow-grass. (Greek name for some plant of the family) Flowers white. Petals deeply 2-cleft ..... ....................l. D. verna. Petals entire, toothed, or emarginate. Flowering stems leafy only below; pods broadly linear and straight; winter annual....................................2. D. caroliniana. Flowering stems leafy throughout; pods elliptic-lanceolate and twisted;‘ perennial.................................3. D. arabisans. Flowers yellow, sometimes fading to white. Pods glabrous; style none; petals notched and slightly exceeding the calyx; pedicels divaricately spreading in fruit; winter annual....................u..D. nemorosa. Pods pubescent; style stout; petals twice the length of the calyx, entire or emarginate; pedicels erect; perennials.....5. D. aurea. -12.. l. Draba verna L. (of spring) Spring Whitlow-grass. Restricted to the southern counties. Sandy hillsides. Naturalized from Europe. February - May. Specimens examined:- VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1903); Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 1886, and c. F. Wheeler, 189h); Ionia Co. (B. A. Walpole, l92h). Reported from Wayne 00. (Dr. Lyons, 190“); IOnia Co. (I. W. Stacy). 2. Draba caroliniana Walt. Carolina Whitlow-grass. Restricted to the southern counties. Sandy fields. Native. May - June. Specimens examined:- St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1900); Clinton Co. (0. F. Wheeler, 1890); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1892); St. Joseph Co. (G. D. Crossman, 1911); Kent Co. (0. W. Fallass, l89h). Reported from Ionia Co. (W. J. Beal, 190”). 3. Draba arabisans Michx. (like arabis) Rock-cress; Rock Whitlow-grass. Restricted to Mackinac Island and Isle Royals. Apparently native. June - August. Specimens examined:- Mackinac Island (0. F. Wheeler, 1897, G. H. Hicks, 1889, and J. H. Ehlers, 1920); Isle Royale (0. A. Marr, 1868). -13- h. Draba nemoroea L. (of the woods) Wood‘Whitlow-grass. A northern species, not examined by the writer. Native. Summer. Reported from Gratiot Co. (Dr. Pitcher, 190h); Ingham 00. (w. J. Beal, 190i). 5. Draba aurea Vahl. (golden) Golden Whitlow-grass. Apparently rare in Michigan. Native. Summer. Specimen examined:- Mackinac Island (J. H. Ehlers, 1920). 2. BERTEROA DC. (in honor of C. G. Bertero, botanist of Piedmont) Berteroa incana (L.) DC. (hoary) Hoary Alyssum. All over the state in waste places. Adventive from Europe. June - September. Specimens examined:- Iosco 00. (W. J. Beal, 1902); Washtenaw Co. (J. W. Howlett, 190a); Genesee Co. (P. J. Vandercook, 1900); Ingham Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1902); Ingham Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1916); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Livingston Co. (0. H. Kauffman, 1923); Oakland Co. (0. Billington, 1915); Sanilac Co. (H. r. Ogden, 1917); Manistee Co. (Frank Sandhammer, 1916); Jackson Co. (8. M. Isbell, 1915); Lenawee Co. (Jesse Mayer, 1912); Oceana Co. (R. H. Burton, 1915); Grand Traverse Co. (W. H. Pease, 1915); Newaygo Co. (Joe Endt, 1911); Emmet Co. (Wilbur Smith, 1911); Muskegon Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192M); ~124— Ionia Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1924); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192A); Lenawee Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192A). Reported from Kalamazoo Co. (M. A. C., 1913); Midland Co. (M. A. 0., 1919); Hillsdale Co. (M. A. 0., 1918); Monroe 00. (M. A. c.,19l9); Shiawassee Co. (M. A. 0., 1913); Montmorency Co. (M. A. 0., 1917); Iron 00. (M. A. 0., 191“); Branch Co. (M. A. 0., 1920); Ionia Co. (M. A. 0., 1920); Kent Co. (M. A. c., 1920); Luce 00. (M. A. c., 1921); Isabella Co. (M. A. c., 1921); Mecosta Co. (M. A. c., 1922); Charlevoix Co. (M. A. 0., 1922); Clare Co. (M. A. c., 192A); Saginaw Co. (M. A. C., 192”); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1910); Houghton Co. (0. A. Falwell, 1921); Macomb Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1922). 3. KONIGA Adans. (in the honor of Charles Konig, Curator of the British Museum) Koniga maritimgg(L,) R. Br. (seaside) Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Sweet Alyssum; Seaside Koniga; Madwort. Occasional throughout the state in sandy waste places. Summer. Introduced from Europe. Specimens examinedz- Fashtenaw Co. (M. W. Harrington, 1874); Gratiot Co. (0. A. Davis, 1893); Kent Co. (0. w. Fallass, 189A); St. Clair Co. (c. 8. Dodge, 1911); Ingnan Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1922). Reported from‘Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 19ou). -15- u. ALYSSUM (Tourn.) L. (Greek, curing madness) Alyssum alyssoides L. (like Alyssum) Yellow Alyssum. Distributed throughout the state in sandy waste places. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. Summer. Specimens examined:- Gratiot Co. (0. A. Davis, 190“); St. Clair Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1896); Genesee 00. (D. Clark, 1887); Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 1871); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Livingston Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1920); Jackson Co. (A. J. Pieters, 1892); St. Clair Co. (0. Billington, 1915); Ionia Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192“); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1922); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 189A); Emmet Co. (0. W. Fallass, 1918). Reported from Schoolcraft Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1915); Chippewa Co. (0. K. Dodge, 191“); Tuscola Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); IOnia Co. (0. F. Wheeler, 19ou); Clinton Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1890); Bay 00. (G. M. Bradford, 190R); Oakland 00. (0. A. Farwell, 1912); Washtenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1891); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1895); Allegan Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1923). 5. CAMELINA Crantz. ( Greek, low flax) Clabrous or nearly so; flowering racemes several, slightly elongated; valves much swollen; pods 6-8mm. long.............................1. C. sativa. Pubescent; flowering racemes isolated; valves ~16- slightly swollen; pods “-6 mm. long..........2. C. microcarpa. 1. Camglina sativa. (L.) Crantz. (sown or planted) False Flax. Introduced as a weed in many parts of the state. From Europe. June - July. Specimens examined:- Washtenaw Co. (E. C. Allmendinger, 1867); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1912); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 188M); Washtenaw Co. (L. A. Osband, 1893); Wayne Co. (Steven Pearl, 191%); Cheboygan Co. (C. F. Fallass, 1918); Emmet Co. (0. W. Fallass, 1918). Reported from VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1907); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901); Schoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farrell, 1900); Genesee Co. (W. J. Beal, 190%); Macomb Go. (w. J. Beal, 19Ou); St. Joseph Co. (W. J. Beal, 190”); Bay 00. (W. J. Beal, 190%); Oakland Co. (O. A. Farwell, 1912); Lenawee Co. (M. A. 0., 1914); Chippewa 00. (M. A. 0., 1920); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacy); Washtenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1891). 2. Camelina microcarpa Andrz. (small-fruited) Small-fruited False-flax. Distributed throughout the state in waste places. Naturalized or adventive from Europe. May - July. Specimens examined:- Washtenaw Co. (C. D. LaRue, 1915); Cheboygan Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1917); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); Wayne Co. (Howard Colby, 1915); Isabella Co. (0. E. Smithers, 191”); Lapeer Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1912); -17- Oakland Co. (E. M. 0rdway, 1912); Oakland 00. (C. Billington, 191M); Kent Co. (George Hannah, 189A); Clare Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192k); Ingham Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1921); Muskegon Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192A); Allegan Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192M); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1922); Clinton 00. (B. A. Walpole, 192A). Reported from Oakland 00. (0. A. Farwell, 1912); Alger Co. M. A. C., 1917); Kalamazoo Co. (M. A. C., 1913); Livingston Co. (M. A. C., 1918); Branch Co. (M. A. C., 1918); Saginaw Co. (M. A. C., 1913); Montcalm Co. (M. A. C., 1913); Genesee Co. (M. A. C., 1912); Gratiot Co. (M. A. C., 1918); Alcona Co. (M. A. C., 1915); Clare Co. (M. A. C., 1917); Jackson Co. (M. 1911); Tuscola Co. (M. A. C., 1911); Barry Co. (M. 1920); Clinton Co. (M. A. C., 1920); MOnroe Co. (M. . A C., A C., (M. A. C., 1921); Gladwin Co. (M. A. C., 1922); Chippewa Co. A C., 1922); Huron Co. (M. A. C., 192a); Allegan Co. A (O. . Farwell, 1923). 6. BURSA (Siegesb.) Weber. (Latin, meaning purse) Buggggbursa-pastoris (L.) Britton. 9gpse11a Bursatpastoris (L.) Medic. Shepherd's Purse. Winter annual, very common in fields and gardens throughout the entire state, often becoming a bad weed. Neturalized from Europe. April - October. -15- 7. NESLIA Desv. (in honor of J. A. N. de Nesle, French botanist) Nesliggpaniculata (Lg) Desv. (a tuft) Ball Mustard. Rarely found in the state. Adventive from Europe. May - September. Specimens examined:- Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); Iron 00. (G. S. Butler, l9lu). 8. RADICULA Hill. (Latin, meaning root) Plant perennial by creeping or subterranean branches; leaf segments acute, the terminal one lancsolate. Segments of the leaves toothed; style very short, 2mm. long...................1. R. sylvestris. Segments of the leaves entire; style slender, 5mm. long......................2. R. sinuata. Plants annual or biennials, with fibrous roots; leaf segments obtuse, the terminal one broadly oblong to ovate. Stems glabrous or nearly so; pods linear to linear-oblong. Pedicels shorter than the pods; stems diffusely spreading.................3. R. obtusa. Pedicels equalling or longer than the pods; stems erect...................4. R. palustris. Stems hispid—pubescent; pods globose or -1o- I ovalo.O0.0...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOO0.0.05. R. hismda. 1. Radicula sylvestris (L.)Druce. (growing in the woods) Creeping Yellow Water-cress. Wet places, mostly restricted to the southern counties. Adventive or’naturalized from Europe. Summer. Specimens examined:- Wayne Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1892); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); Alger Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1916); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1916); Ingham Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1923); Kent Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1899). Reported from Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 190%); Roscommon Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Isabella Co. (M. A. C., 1921); Huron Co. (M. A. C., 1923). 2. Radiculgsinuatgfi(Nutt.) Greene. (curved) Spreading Yellow Water-crass. Rare in the state. Native. June—September. Specimen examined:- Marquette Co. (Bronson Barlow, 1901). 3. Radicula obtusg‘(Nutt.) Greene. (blunt) Blunt-leaved Yellow Water-crese. Rare in the state. Native. April - August. Specimens examined:- Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1887); Oceans 00. (C. W. Fallass, 1909). Reported from VanBuren 00. (M. A. C., 1921). h. Radicula palustris (L.) Moench. (swampy) Marsh Water-cress. Throughout the state in swampy places. Naturalized from Europe. May - August. Specimens examined:- Missaukee Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1916); -20- VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1905); Cheboygan Co. (0. F. Wheeler, 1890); szeenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1888); Calhoun 00. (W. J. Beal, 1898); Genesee 00. (D. Cooley, 18h0); Macomb 00. (D. Cooley); Marquette Co. (Bronson Barlow, 1901); GOgebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1919); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1896); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Emmet Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1923); Livingston 00. (J. H. Ehlers, 1923); Kent 00. (H. M. Bailey, 1891); Allegan Co. (C. H. Kauffman, 1910); Chippewa Co. (0. K. Dodge, 191A); Oakland 00. (Mary Wilkerson, 1895); Shiawassee Co. (C. B. Cook, 1912); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1915); Genesee Co. (E. E. Sherff, 1907); Keweenaw Co. (F. E. Wood, l88h); Kent 00. (E. J. Cole, 1901); Kent Co. (0. w. Fallass, 1882); Emmet Co. (C. F. Fallass, 1923). Reported from Schoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); Tuscola Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); St. Joseph Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1902); Manistee 00. (F. P. Daniels, 1902); Hillsdale Co. (M. A. 0., 191A); Clinton Co. (M. A. C., 1911); Ottawa Co. (M. A. C., 1923); IOnia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon Co. (0. D. McLouth, 1896); Washtsnaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1892); Macomb Co. (0. A. Farwell, 192W). 5. Radiculg;hispida (Desv.) Brittgg. (bristly) Hispid Yellow Water-cress. In wet places throughout the state. Naturalizsd from Europe. Summer. Specimens sxamined:- Case 00. (H. S. Pepoon, 190W); Osceola Co. (H. r. Darlington, 1916); Montcalm Co. (0. F. Wheeler, 1900); Cheboygan Co. (F. C. Gates, 1911); St. Clair -21- Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1903); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); Emmet Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1916); Allegan Co. (C. H. Kauffman, 1910); Kent 00. (C. W. Fallass, 1881); Kent 00. (E. J. Cole, 1901); Emmet Co. (C. F. Fallass, 1918). Reported from Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Gratiot Co. (0. A. Davis, 1904); Midland 00. (M. A. C., 1923); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1896); Dickinson Co. (G. H. Coons, 1909); Kewsenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1892); Macomb Co. (0. A. Farwsll, 192A). 9. SISYMBRIUM (Tourn.) L. (Ancient Greek name) Sisymbrium nasturtium—aqyaticum L. (twisted nose, aquatic) Radicula nasturtium (L.) Britton & Rendle. True Water-crass. Common throughout the state along streams. Naturalized from Europe. April - November. Specimens examined:- Case 00. (H. S. Pepoon, 1905); VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1906); Crawford 00. (G. H. Hicks, 1888); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1895); Montcalm Co. (0. F. Wheeler, 1900); Ingham 00. (W. J. Beal, 1886); Muskegon Co. (W. J. Beal, 1898); Macomb Co. (D. Cooley);Isabella Co. (0. A. Davis, 1889); Genesee 00. (D. Cooley); Alger 00. (C. F. Wheeler, 1900); washtcnaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Kent 00. (C. W. Fallass, 1896); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1914); Schoolcraft Co. (A. B. Burgess, 1903); Emmet Co. (0. w. Fallass, 1918). Reported from SChoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); -22- Chippewa Co. (0. K. Dodge, 19in); Ionia Co. (W. J. Beal, 190W); Gratiot CO. (C. A. Davis, 190”); Mackinac Island (0. K. Dodge, 1912); Oakland 00. ( o. A. Farwell, 1912); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1896); MOnroe Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1910); Macomb Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1897); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1897); Washtenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1896). 10. ARMORACIA Gaertn. (Celtic, meaning saline or salty) Armoracia armoracia (L.) Britton. RadiculggArmoraggg:(L.) Robinson. Horse-radish. Occasional escape from gardens throughout the state. Adventive from Europe. Summer. Specimens examinedz- Case 00. (H. S. Pepoon, 1906); Ingham 00. (W. J. Beal, 1887); Ingham 00. (H. T. Darlington, 1916); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1893); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Falpole, 1918); Gogsbic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1920); Lapeer Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1916); Kent 00. (C. W. Fallass, 1896); Wayne Co. (0. Billington, 1915); Jackson 00. (E. J. Cole, 1893); Ionia Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Allegan Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192“); Clinton 00. (B. A. Walpole, 1923); Grand Traverse Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192M); Kent 00. (E. J. Cole, 1901). Reported from Schoolcraft Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1915); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); St. Joseph 00. (F. P. Daniels, 1902); Manistee 00. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Oakland 00. (0. A. Farwell, 1912); -23- Emmet 00. (C. W. Fallass, 1918); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey). ll. NEOBECKIA Greene. (honor of L. 0. Beck, American botanist) Neobeckig,aquaticgngaton) Britton. (Water) Radicula agugtica (Eat.) Robinson. Lake Water-cress. Rare in the state. Native. Summer. Specimens examined:- Mason 00. (Miss Noppin, 1878); Kent 00. (E. J. Cole, 1901). Reported from Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 190“). 12. LEPIDIUM (Tourn.) L. (Creek, a little scale) Stems leaves clasping by an auriculate base. Pods winged; broadly ovate, deeply notched; branches of the inflorescence densely and finely pubescent....................1. L. campsstrs. Pods wingless, pointed; branches of the inflorescenmeglabrous...................2. L. draba. Stems leaves petioled, sessile, or perfoliate, not clasping. Pods slightly winged above, orbicular or oval. Petals present and broadly spatulate, as long as the calyx; cotyledons accumbent...........................3. L. virginicum. -2W- Petals none or minute; cotyledons incumbent...........................u. L. densiflorum. Pods winged all around; oblong or ovate. Lower leaves pinnatifid, upper entire and perfoliate; flowers yelloW......5. L. perfoliatum. Leaves all pinnatifid, flowers white or pinkOO00.00.000.000...0.0.00.0...6. L. Batimm. l. Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. (growing in fields) Field Cress. In fields and waste places throughout the state. Naturalized from Europe. May - July. Specimens examined:- St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1897); Ingham Co. (0. F. Wheeler, 1892); VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1906); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); Cheboygan Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1922); Emmet 00. (J. H. Ehlers, 1917); Livingston 00. (F. L. Travis, 1916); Clare 00. (w. H. Kennedy, 1917); Ionia Co. (H. B. Webber, 1915); Wayne Co. (I. R. Waterbury, 1915); Alcona 00. (J. F. Barry, 1915); Saginaw Co. (A. R. Wheeler, 1919); Shiawassee Co. (A. F. Goodsll, 19lu); Tuscola 00. (J. C. Buchringer, 1912); Clinton Co. (I. R. Waterbury, 1912); Muskegon 00. (R. S. Brown, 1919); Allegan Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Emmet Co. (0. w. Fallass, 1923); Wayne Co. (0. Billington, 1915); Genesee Co. (E. E. Sherff, 1909); Ionia Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192M); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Clinton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Lenawee Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W). Reported from Bay Co. (0. M. Bradford, 190W); Macomb Co. -25- (w. J. Beal, 1901); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1901); Jackson Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1913); Genesee Co. (M. A. C., 1919); Roscommon Co. (M. A. C., 1919); Huron Co. (M. A. 0., 192A); Case 00. (M. A. C., 192W); Leelanau Co. (M. A. C., ‘ 192W); Lenawee Co. (M. A. C., 192W); Ottawa 00. (M. A. 0., 192A); Hillsdale Co. (M. A. C., 1923); Eaton Co. (M. A. C., 1923); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1917); Monroe 00. (0. A. Farrell, 1921). 2. Lepidium draba L. Hoary Cress. Waste grounds; rare. Fugitive from Europe. April - June. Specimen examined:- Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919). 3. Lepidium virginicum L. Wild Pepper-grass. Throughout the state. Native. May - November. Specimens examined:- Cheboygan Co. (F. 0. Gates, 1911); Genesee 00. (D. Cooley, 1871); Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 1887); Lenawee 00. (W. J. Beal, 1866); Gratiot Co. (C. A. Davis, 1890); VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1905); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Kent 00. (W. E. Mulliken, 1895); Washtenaw Co. (E. C. Allmendinger, 1861); St. Clair Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1895); Wayne Co. (Wm. Smith, 1897); St. Joseph Co. (Miss Noppin, 1869); Calhoun Co. (E. C. Phelps, 1915); Allegan Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192”); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1915); Schoolcraft Co. (A. B. Burgess, 1903); Mason 00. (Wilbur Smith, 1911); Jackson Co. (8. H. and -26- D. R. Camp, 1898); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 192W); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1918); Kent 00. (E. J. Cole, 1889). Reported from Schoolcraft Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1915); Chippewa Co. (C. K. Dodge, 191%); Tuscola CO. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Lenawee 00. (F. L. Stearns, 1905); Charity Island (0. K. Dodge, 1910); Mackinac Island (C. K. Dodge, 1912); Isle Royals (w. s. COOper, 1910); Calhoun 00. (M. A. C., 1915); Gratiot 00. (M. A. C., 1922); Ottawa 00. (M. A. C., 1922); Allegan Co. (M. A. 0., 192A); Muskegon 00. (M. A. C., 192W); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1896); Dickinson CO. (C. H. Coons, 1909); Washtenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1891); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1895). %. Lepidiug_densiflorum Schrad. (thick-flowered) Lepidgum_;ptermedium A. Gray. Wild Pepper-grass. Distributed throughout the state. Naturalized from Europe. May - August. Specimens examined:- Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1919); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1895); Washtenaw Co. (L. S. Osband, 1887); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1889); Marquette Co. (Bronson Barlow, 1901); Alger Co. (0. F. Wheeler, 1900); Otsego Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1912); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1900); Ingham Co. (E. J. Cole, 1895); Bay 00. (C. F. Wheeler, 1901); Kent 00. (H. M. Bailey, 1892); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1915); Oakland Co. (C. Billington, 1918); Kent 00. (E. J. Cole, 189%); Ionia Co. (L. H. Bailey, 1878); Eaton Co. (B. A. -27- Walpole, 192k); Muskegon Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192“); Grand Traverse Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192R); Clare Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192R); Lenawee Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1921*); Barry Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1924); Jackson Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192”); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1918). Reported from St. Joseph Co. (E. P. Daniels, 1902); Manistee Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1902); Schoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1914); Gratiot Co. (C. A. Davis, 190“); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Charity Island (C. K. Dodge, 1910); Cheboygan Co. (F. C. Gates, 1911); Jackson Co. (M. A. C., 1911); Saginaw Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Clinton Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Antrim Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1920); Charlevoix Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1922); Montcalm Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1915); Kalamazoo Co. (M. A. C., 1913); Midland Co. (M. A. C., 1923); Ionia Co. (I. w. Stacey); Washtenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1892). 5. Lepidium perfoliatum L. (through the leaf) Perfoliated—leaved Mustard. Barely along railroad tracks. Adventive from Europe. May - July. Specimens examined:- Emmet Co. (0. W. Fallass, 1918); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1920). 6. Lepidium sativum L. (cultivated) Garden Cress. Escape from gardens. Native of Europe. May - August. Specimen examined:- St. Clair Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1597). -eg- 13. IBEBIS L. (from Iberia, old name of Spain) Flowers small, 6mm. wide, raceme elongated; stem usually under 12 inches tall...........1. I. amara. Flowers large, 8-12 mm. wide, dense clusters; stems usually over 12 inches tall...........2. I. Coronaria. 1. Iberia amara L. (bitter) Candybtuft. Escape from gardens. Adventive from Europe. Specimens examinedz- Ingham Co. (E. A. Bessey, 192“). Reported from Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, lsoh); Washtenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1892). 2. Iberie coronaria D. Don. (crowning) Rock Candy-tuft. Rare escape from gardens. Specimen examined:- St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 191“). 14. HYMENOPHYSA C. A. Meyer. gymenophysa pubescens C. A. Meyer. Found along the Michigan Central tracks near Ypsilanti. Specimen examined:- Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919). 15. THLASPI (Tourn.) L. (Greek, to flatten) Thlaspi arvense L. (of ploughed land) Field Penny-cress. In cultivated fields throughout the southern peninsula. Naturalized from Europe. June - August. -29- Specimens examined:— St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 190“); Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 1887); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Wayne Co. (Lewis Foote, 1863); Marquette Co. (C. A. Davis, 1906); Hillsdale Co. (N. S. Fields, 1915); Alcona Co. (G. A. McClatchy, 1915); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1922); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, l91h); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1895); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1912). Reported from Schoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 191%); Monroe Co. (C. A. Davis, lsou); Manistee Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Isle Royals (w. 8. Cooper, 1910); Gladwin Co. (M. A. C., 1917); Eaton Co. (M. A. C., 1916); Cass Co. (M. A. C., 1919); Lapeer Co. C., 1917); Huron Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Bay Co. . C., 1920); Gratiot Co. (M. A. C., 1922); Newaygo Co. C., 1923); Ionia Co. (I. w. Stacey); Wayne Co. . Farwell, 1905); Monroe Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1921). 16. SOPHIA Adana. (Name for reputed medicinal value) Pods narrowly Innear, curved upwards...........1. S. SOphia. Pods linear-oblong, straight. Pedicels equalling or longer than silique; pods compressed; seeds distinctly in 2-rows in the ce11.........................2. S. pinnata. Pedicels shorter than the silique; pods swollen; seeds distinctly l-row in the cell...oeoone.ecoco.so0.000000000000000000030 So 1nClBE. -30- 1. Sophia sophiagjL.) Britton. Sisymbrium sophia L. Flix-weed; Herb Sophia. Rare in the northern part of the state. Naturalized from Europe. June - August. Reported from Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 190“); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1918). 2. Sophia pinnata (Walt.) Howell. (a feather) Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. Tansy Mustard. Apparently rare. Native. May - July. Specimens examinedf- Emmet Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1897); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1897); Thunder Bay Island (C. F. Wheeler, 1903); Emmet CC. (C. W. Fallass, 1916). Reported from Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Barry Co. (L. H. Bailey, 190%); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1896). 3. Sophia incisa (Engelm.) Greene. (cut into) Sisymbrium incisum Engelm. Western Tansy Mustard. Native.- May - August. Specimen examined:- Cheboygan Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1920). 17. CHEIRINIA Link. (Greek, similar to Cheiri) Petals less than 1 cm. long. Pedicels slender, spreading; petals 4.5mm. long.......................................1. C. cheiranthoi ; Pedicels stout and short; petals 6-10mm. long. -31- Perennials; pods ascending............. ..... .2. C. inconspicua. Annuals; pods spreading.. ......... ..... ..... .3. C. repanda. Petals more than 1 cm. long. ....... .. ..... .....%. C. aspera. 1. Cheirinia cheiranthoides (L.) Link. (like Cheirinia) Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Worm-seed Mustard. Found throughout the state in waste places. Adventive from EurOpe. June - August. Specimens examinedz- Muskegon CC. (C. D. McLouth, 1901); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1896); Ingham Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1916); Alger Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1900); Marquette Co. (Bronson Barlow, 1901); Houghton Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1887); Otsego Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1912); Washtenaw Co. (D. R. Sharp, 1867); Cheboygan Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1917); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 188%); Shiawassee Co. (L. Grant, 1915); Ionia Co. (H. B. Webber, 1915); Lapeer Co. (Martha MacArthur, 191%); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1915); Oakland Co. (C. Billington, 191%); Emmet Co. (E. J. Cole, 189%); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1896); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Clinton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Ionia Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%). Reported from Schoolcraft Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1915); Chippewa Co. (C. K. Dodge, 191%); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Manistee Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Gratiot Co. (C. A. Davis, 190%); Crawford Co. (G. H. Hicks, 190%); Charity Island (C. K. Dodge, 1910); Mackinac Island (C. K. Dodge, 1912); Isle Royals (w. S. Cooper, 1910); Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1920); -32- Saginaw Co. (M. A. C., 1916); Clinton Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Charlevoix 00. (M. A. C., 1922); Mackinac Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Monroe 00. (M. A. C., 1919); Allegan Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Muskegon Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Genesee Co. (M. A. C., 192M); Midland Co. (M. A. C., 1923); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1899); Emmet Co. (0. W. Fallass, 1918). 2. Cheirinia repanda (L.) Link. (wavy) Erysimum repandum L. Rarely found in the state. Adventive from Europe. May - July. Specimens examined:- St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1900); St. Clair Co. (C. Billington, 1915). Reported from Monroe Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1921). 3. Cheirinia inconspicua (S. Wats.) Brittqp, (inconspicuous) Erysimum parviflorum Nutt. Small-flowered Prairie-rocket. A perennial of dry soil; occasionally adventive from the west. July - August. Specimens examinedz- St. Clair Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1900). Reported from Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwel1, 190%); Isle Royals (W. S. Cooper, 1910); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1922). %. Cheirinia aspera (DC.) Britton. (rough) Erysimumgsperum DC. Western Wall-flower. Specimen examined:- Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901). -33- 18. ERYSIMUM (Tourn.) (Greek for some garden plant) Erysimum officinale L. (Officinal) Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Hedge Mustard. Distributed throughout the state. Annual or winter annual. Naturalized from Europe. May - November. Specimens examinedz- Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 1872); Van Buren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1905); Macomb Co. (D. Cooley, 18%3); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1896); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1919); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1918); Oakland Co. (C. Billington, 1918); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Clinton 00. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Lenawee Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Muskegon Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192n); Allegan Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Jackson Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Barry Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1893). Reported from Schoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); Chippewa Co. (C. K. Dodge, 191%); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); St. Joseph Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1902); Manistee Co. (E. P. Daniels, 1900); Charity Island (0. K. Dodge, 1910); Mackinac Island (C. K. Dodge, 1912); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1912); Isabella Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1912); Antrim Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1912); Jackson Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1915); Montcalm 00. (M. A. C., 1915); Genesee Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Charlevoix Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Ottawa Co. (M. A. C., 1922); Allegan Co. -3%- (M. A. C., 192%); Leelanau Co. (M. A. C., 1923); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1896); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1896); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1890); Washtenaw Co. (0. A. Farrell, 1891). 19. NORTA Adans. Pods stiff and divergent; short thick pedicels..1. N. altissima“ Pods soft and ascending; slender pedicels.. ..... 2. N. irio. 1. Norta altissima (L.)Britton. (tall) Sisymbrium altissimum L. Tall Mustard. Scattered throughout the state. Naturalized from Europe. Summer. Specimens examined:- St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1902); Alger Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1900); Eaton Co. (H. L. Clark, 1900); VanBuren Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1896); Otsego Co. (E. A. Bessey} 1912); Missaukee Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1916); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1915); Cheboygan Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1923); Mackinac Co. (C. K. Dodge, 191%); Case Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1907); Antrim Co. (B. J. Ranch, 191%); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 191W); Midland Co. (R. R. Dreisbach, 191%); Emmet Co. (F. 0. Gates, 1917); Menominee Co. (C. F. Milspaugh, 1913); Clinton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Clare Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192u); Roscommon Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Wexford Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Emmet Co. (0. W. Fallass, 1915); Ingham Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Lenawee Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Allegan Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Muskegon Co. (B. A. -35.. Walpole, 192%); Barry Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%). Reported from Schoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); Chippewa Co. (C. K. Dodge, 191%); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); Berrien CO. (C. F. Wheeler, 1896); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 190%); Cheboygan Co. (F. C. Gates, 1911); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farrell, 191%); Isle Royals (W. S. Cooper, 1910); Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1919); Lenawee CO. (E. A. Bessey, 1916); Ogemaw Co. (M. A. C., 1919); Tuscola Co. (M. A. C., 1916); MOntcalm Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1915); Lapeer Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1917); Sanilac Co. (M. A. C., 1917); Gratiot Co. (M. A. C., 1919); Montmorency Co. (M. A. C., 1919); Oakland Co. (M. A. C., 1920);Huron Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Oceana Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Alcona Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1920); Jackson Co. (M. A. C., 1922); Mecosta Co. (M. A. C., 1922); Livingston Co. (M. A. C., 192W); Genesee Co. 2. Norta irio (L.) Britton. Sisymbrium irio L. Sporadic in waste grounds. Fugitive from EurOpe. Summer.‘ Specimen examinedt- Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1900). so. CONRINGIA (Heist.) Adans. (in honor of Hermann Conring) Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort. (oriental) Hare's-ear Mustard. Occasionally found in waste places and along railroads. Adventive from the northwest. May - August. -36- Specimens examined:- Keweenaw Co. (0. A. FarWell, 1890); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1920); St. Clair Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1917); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1915). Reported from Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1905); Wayne Co. (O. A. Farrell, 1917); Oakland CO. (C. A. Farwell, 1917). 21. HESPERIS (Tourn.) L. (Hesperus, evening, when the flowers are fragrant) Hesperis matronalis L. (pertaining to mother) Dame's Rocket. Found only in the southern part Of the state. Native of Europe. May - August. Specimens examinedz- Macomb Co. (D. Cooley, 18%2); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1900); Case Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1890); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Ingham Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1922); Ionia CO. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1923); Washtenaw Co. (M. W. Harrington, 1870); Oakland Co. (M. J. Whiting, 1868); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1913); Allegan Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Kent Co. (0. W. Fallass, 1896). Reported from Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Berrien Co. (C.'F. Wheeler, 190%); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 190%); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 192W). 22. ARABIDOPSIS (DC.) Schur. (because it resembles Arabia) Annual; pods linear, slightly % sided, pedicels spreading ..... ......... ...... ......1. A. thaliana. -37- Perennial; pods cylindric, pedicels erect.....2. A. novae-angliae. 1. Agapidopsis thaliana (L.)_Br. Sisymbrium thalianum (L.) J. Cay. Mouse-ear Cress. Found in the southwestern part of the state. Naturalized from Europe. April - May. Specimens examined:- Cass Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1906); Berrien Co. (Mrs. Ralph Ballard, 1901). 2. Arabidopsis novae-angliae (Rydb.) Britton. (New England) Braya humilis (C. A. Mey.) Robinson. Northern Rock Cress. Found occasionally in northern part of the state. Native. July. Reported from St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1913); Isle Royals (Cillman, 190%); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 190%); Mackinac CO. (C. M. Hicks, 190%); Macomb Co. (W. J. Beal, 190u); Mackinac Island ( C. K. Dodge, 1912). 23. BARBAREA R. Br. (named from St. Barbara) Pods obtusely % angled, slender pedicelled; leaf segments 1-% pairs. Pods divergent or ascending................1. B. barbarea. Pods erect, appressed......................2. B. stricta. Pods sharply % angled, stout pedicelled; leaf segments %-8 pairs.....................3. B. verna. -38- 1. Barbarea barbarea (L.) MacM. Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. . Yellow Rocket. Found throughout the state. Naturalized from Europe. April - June. Specimens examined:- Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1899); VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1906); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1893); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Wayne Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1913); Benzie Co. (A. C. Demerly, 1915); Livingston Co. (C. N. Frolin, 1915); Jackson Co. (B. L. Smith, 1915); Saginaw CO. (C. H. Bennett, 1915); Ingham Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1921); Oakland Co. (C. Billington, 1916); Grand Traverse Co. (Agnes Maher, 1911); Eaton CO. (B. A. Walpole, 1922); Washtenaw Co. (C. Billington, 1919); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 191%); Muskegon Co. (L. M. Umback, 1898); Grand Traverse Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Clinton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 139W); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1918). Reported from Chippewa Co. (C. K. Dodge, 191%); Macomb Co. (E. J. Beal, 190%); Gratiot Co. (C. A. Davis, 190%); Clinton Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 190W); Bay Co. (G. M. Bradford, 190%); Oakland Co. (O. A. Farwell, 1912); Isle Royals (w. S. COOper, 1910); Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1920); Lapeer Co. (M. A. C., 1917); Sanilac Co. (M. A. C., 1916); Ionia Co. (M. A C., 1915); Manistee Co. (M. A. C., 1916); Barry Co. (M. A. C., 1916); Benzie Co. (M. A. C., 1915); Kalamazoo Co. A C. (M. , 191%); Lenawee Co. (M. A. C., 1913); Calhoun Co. -3 9- (M. ., 1918); Genesee Co. (M. A. C., 1911); Clinton Co. ., 1911); Tuscola Co. (M. A. C. C (M. , 1920); Hillsdale Co. ., 1922); Case Co. ., 1922); Shiawassee 00. (M. A. C., 1922); Branch Co. A C A C (M. A. C., 1921); Jackson Co. (M. A. (M. A C A C (M. ., 192W); Midland CO. (M. A. C., 1923); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Houghton Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1915); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 188%). 2. Barbarea stricta Andrz. (erect) Erect-fruited Winter Cress. Frequently found with the preceding species. Naturalized from Europe. April - June. Specimens examined:- St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1900); Wayne Co. (W. S. Cooper, 1902); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Wayne Co. (B. Gladowitz, 1915); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1920); Oakland Co. (C. Billington, 1918); Ingham Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1921); Clinton 00. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1900). Reported from Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Keweenaw CO. (C. A. Farwell, 1898). 3. Barbarea verpa (Mill.) Aschers. (spring) Early Winter Belle Isle Cress. Rarely found in the state. Adventive from Europe. April - June. Reported from St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 190%); Oakland Co. (O. A. Farwell, 1917); MOnroe Co. (O. A. Farwell, 1921). -ho- 2%. ARABIS L. (named from Arabia) Stem leaves cordate or sagittate at the base and sessile, more or less clasping. Seeds in 2 rows in each cell of the pod. Calyx pubescent; the pods reflexed.......1. A. holboellii. Calyx glabrous; pods spreading or erect. Basal leaves densely pubescent with three pointed hairs; pods spreading..2. A. brachycarpa. Basal leaves smooth or nearly so; pods erect................................3. A. drummondii. Seeds in 1 row in each cell of the pod....%. A. laevigata. Stem leaves sessile or somewhat petioled, - but not clasping. Seeds in 1 row in each cell of the pod. Basal leaves pinnatifid; pods ascending; petals much longer than calyx..........5. A. lyrata. Basal leaves merely dentate or lyrate; petals scarcely exceeding the calyx. Seeds minute, oblong, and wingless. Plants pubescent; flowers greenish white.............................6. A. dentata. Plants glabrous; flowers yellowiSh white.............................7. A. glabra. Seeds larger, winged or winged margined. Pods nearly erect; pedicels -M1- glabrousltOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOSO A. hirsutao Pods recurved-spreadlng; pedicels hairYOO0......00.0.0000000000009. A. Gama/1811818.. l. Arabis holboellii Hornem. (name for Holboel) Holboel's Rock-cress. Found in the northern part of the state. Native. Summer. Specimens examined:- Alpena CO. (C. F. Wheeler, 1897); Alpena Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1907); Emmet Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1917); Delta Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1893); Cheboygan Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1917). Reported from Mackinac Island (C. K. Dodge, 1913). 2. Arabic brachycarpa (T. & G.) Britton. (Short carpels) Purple Rock-cress. Found mostly in the northern part of the state. Native. June - July. Specimens examined:- Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1888); Alpena Co. (C. A. Davis, 1891); Mackinac Island (G. H. Hicks, 1889); Cheboygan Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1920); Marquette Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1916); Montcalm Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1881); Muskegon CO. (C. W. Fallass, 1899); Emmet CO. (M. F. and F. C. Gates, 1917); Cheboygan Co. (M. F. and F. C. Gates, 1917). Reported from Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901); Clinton Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 190%); Isle Royals (W. S. Cooper, 1910); Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1920); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey)° , Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1897); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, -M2- 1918). 3. Arabis drummondii A. Gray. (named for Drummond) Drummond's Rock-cross. Found in the west-central and northern part of the state. Native. May - August. Specimens examined:- St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1897); St. Joseph Co. (0. F. Wheeler, 1890); Oscoda Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1888); Alpena Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1895); Muskegon Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1900); Cheboygan Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1917); Berrien Co. (G. L. Ames, 1868); Allegan Co. (L. H. Pennington, 1910); Kent Co. (A. J. Pieters, 1893); Allegan Co. (C. H. Kaufman, 1910); Alcona Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1912); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 188%); Kent Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1897); Mackinac Island (E. J. Cole, 1898); Thunder Bay Island (E. J. Cole, 1895); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1893); Allegan Co. (E. E. Mulliken, 1897); Mackinac Island (G. H. Hicks, 1889); Mackinac Island (T. E. Boyce, 1881). Reported from Charity Island (C. K. Dodge, 1910); Isle Royals (w. 8. Cooper, 1910); St. Joseph Co. (M. A. C., 1916). %. Arabis 1aevigata_(Muh1.) Poir. (slippery or smooth) Smooth Rock-crass. Throughout the state. Native. April - June. Specimens examined:- Macomb 00. (D. Cooley, 18%3); St. Clair Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1892); Ingham Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1916); VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1906); Gratiot Co. (C. A. Davis, 1891); WaShtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Washtenaw Co. (A. J. Pieters, 1892); Menominee Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1905); -M3- Eaton Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1890); Lenawee Co. (C. Billington, 1918); Kent Co. (W. E. Mulliken, 1897); Ingham Co. (H. C. Skeels, 1895); Ottawa Co. (W. E. Mulliken, 1895); Allegan Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Grand Traverse Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192u); Clinton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1897). Reported from Tuscola Co. (C. A. Davis, 1908); Manistee Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Charity Island (C. K. Dodge, 1910); Oakland Co. (O. A. Farwell, 1912); Allegan Co. (M. A. C., 1919); Muskegon Co. (N. C. Gage, 1919); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1896); Keweenaw CO. (C. A. Farwell, 188%). 5. Arabis lyrata L. (lute or lyre) Lyre-leaved Rock-cross. Distributed throughout the state. Native. April - September. Specimens examined:- Isle Royale (0. A. Farwell, 1886); Muskegon 00. (W. J. Beal, 1898); Huron Co. (C. A. Davis, 1896); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1900); Grand Traverse Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1898); Alpena Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1895); Shiawassee Co. (0. F. Wheeler, 1890); Macomb Co. (D. Cooley, 18%2); Benzie Co. (L. H. Bailey, 1888); Clinton Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1889); Genesee Co. (D. Clark, 1888); Muskegon Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1900); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); Emmet CO. (J. H. Ehlers, 1922); Berrien Co. (G. L. Ames, 1867); Kent Co. (H. M. Bailey, 1892); Alger Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1916); Schoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1916); Oakland -%%— Co. (C. Billington, 1916); St. Clair Co. (C. Billington, 1915); Kent Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1896); Kent Co. (G. D. Sones, 1897); Emmet Co. (M. F. and F. C. Gates, 1917); Ionia Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1921); Ingham Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1921); Muskegon Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Clare Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Roscommon Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1899); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901). Reported from VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1907); Chippewa Co. (C. K. Dodge, 191%); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); Manistee Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Charity Island (C. K. Dodge, 1910); Isle Royals (W. S. Cooper, 1910); Newaygo Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1920); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon Co. 3 (C. D. McLouth, 1896); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 188%); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1896); Macomb Co. (0. A. Farwsll, 1916). 6. Arabis dentajg T. and G. (toothed) Toothed Rock-cross. Rarely found in the state. Native. April - June. Specimens examined:- Kent Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1895); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1910); Kent Co. (C. w. Fallass, 1897); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1895). Reported from Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 190%). 7. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh, (smooth) Tower Mustard. 1 Distributed throughout the state. Probably indigenous. May - August. Specimens examinedt- Ingham Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1897); -u5_ Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1919); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1897); Cheboygan Cc. (F. C. Gates, 1911); Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 1887); Montmorency Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1895); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1899); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); Allegan Co. (C. R. Kaufman, 1910); Bay Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1912); Osceola Co. (E. Gustafson, 1915); Wayne Co. (0. Billington, 1915); Emmet Co. (Wilbur Smith, 1911); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1924); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 189“). Reported from VanBuren Co. (H. s. Pepoon, 1907); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901); SChoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 19cc); Gratiot Co. (C. A. Davis, l9on); Cgemar Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1922); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1895); Newaygc Co. (0. A. Farrell, 1921); Eaton Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1923); Monroe Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1915). 8. Arabis hireuta (Lg) Scop. (hairy) Hairy Rock-cress. Locally found throughout the state. Probably native. May - September. Specimens examinedz- Ingham Cc. (C. F. Wheeler, 1895); Thunder Bay Island (C. F. Wheeler, 1895); Clinton Co. (0. F. Wheeler, 1890); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farrell); Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 1866); Emmet CO. (C. F. Wheeler, 1890); VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1905); Ingham Co. (E. J. Cole, 1695); Ingham Cc. (W. J. Beal, 1887); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1915); Kent Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1599); Oakland Co. (C. Billington, 1917); Kent Co. (H. C. Skeels, -ug- 1895); Ingham Co. (W. E. Mulliken, 1895); VanBuren Co. (L. H. Bailey, 1880); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1895). Reported from Bay Co. (G. M. Bradford, l90h); Mackinac Island (C. K. Dodge, 1912); Isle Royale (W. S. Cooper, 1910); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1918); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farrell, 1913); Mackinac Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1895). 9. Arabis cangdensis L. (from Canada) Sickle-pod. Found throughout the southern half of the state. Native. June - August. Specimens examined:- Genesee Co. (D. Clark, 1872); Newaygo Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1916); St. Clair Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1903); Macomb Cc. (D. Cooley, 1837); VanBuren Cc. (H. S. Pepoon, 1905); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); Kent Co. (E. M. Bailey, 1892); Kent Co. (C. K, Fallass, 1896); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1915); Lenawee Co. (C. Billington, l91fl); Ingham Co. (G. D. Sones, 1898); Kent Co. (W. E. Mulliken, 1896); Muskegon Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192R); Ionia Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192k); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192A); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901). Reported from Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1897); Livingston Co. (0. A. Farrell, 1905). 25. CARDAMINE (Tourn.) L. (Greek, heart strengthening) Flowers purple. -u7- Leaves pinnately divided.....................1. C. pratensis. Leaves not pinnately divided....... ....... ...2. C. douglassii. Flowers white. Having tubers or tuberous-rooted.............3. C. bulbosa. Having no tubers or tuberous roots. Hirsute pubescence..........................M. C. hirsute. Clabrous or nearly so. Plants of dry rocky places; flowers h-5 mm. wide............................5. C. parviflora. Plants of wet places; flowers 2—3 mm. Wide............................6. C. pennsylvanica. 1. Cardamine pratensis L. (meadow) Meadow Bitter-cress. Found in wet places in.the southern peninsula. Apparently native. April - May. Specimens examined:- Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 1871); Hillsdale Co. (D. A. Pslton, 1885); Alcona Co. (W. J. Beal, 1888); Clinton Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1890); Maccmb Co. (D. Cooley, lSHS); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Cheboygan Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1923); Washtenaw Co. (E. C. Allmendinger, 1862); Livingston Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1920); St. Clair Cc. (C. K. Dodge, 1896); Kent Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1895); St. Clair Co. (C. Billington, 1915); Oakland Co. (C. Billington, 191k); Genesee Co. (H. N. Patterson, 1900); Kalamazoo Co. (G. H. Tuthill, 1873); Jackson Co. (B. H. and D. R. Camp, 1897); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1895); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1918). -ug_ Reported from Chippewa Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1914); Tuscola Cc. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); St. Joseph Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1902); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1912); Calhoun Co. (M. A. C., 1922); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1896). 2. Qardamine douglassii (Torr.) Britton. (named for Douglas) Purple Cress. Throughout the southern peninsula. Native. April - May. Specimens examined:- St. Clair Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1897); Case Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1905); Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 1865); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1895); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Washtenaw Co. (E. C. Allmendinger, 1867); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1896); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, l9lu); Kent Co. (6. D. Sones, 1889); Jackson Cc. (S. H. and D. R. Camp, 1897); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192%); Ionia Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192A); Barry Co. (B. A. walpole, 192A); Clinton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192A). Reported from Tuscola Cc. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farrell, 1900); St. Joseph Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1902); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Washtenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1891); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 191A). 3. Cardggine bulbosa (Schreb.) B. S. P. (bulbous or ball-like) Bulbous Cress. Throughout the southern peninsula. Native. April - June. Specimens examinedt- St. Clair 00. (C. K. Dodge, 1895); -219- Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 1887); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1895); Muskegon Co. (W. J. Beal, 1898); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Wayne Co. (W. J. Gillespie, 1897); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, l9lu); Oakland Co. (C. Billington, 191“); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1918). Reported from VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1907); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); St. Joseph Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1902); Manistee Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1912); Sanilac Co. (M. A. C., 1923); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1897); Washtenaw Co. (0. A. Farrell, 1891); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farrell, 1893); Ingham Co. (0. A. Farrell, 1905); Monroe Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1920). h. Cardamine hirsuta L. (hairy) Hairy Bitter-cress. Infrequently found in the state. Probably native. March - May. Specimens examined:- Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 188u); Washtenaw Co. (Avis Gray Chapel, 1896); Montcalm Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1881); Kent Co. (0. W. Fallass, 1897); St. Clair Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1895); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901). Reported from Wayne Co. (0. A. Farrell, 1900); Berrien Cc. (C. F. Wheeler, 19ou); Cheboygan Co. (W. J. Beal, l9ou); Gratiot Co. (C. A. Davis, 190%); Ingham Co. (W. J. Beal, 190k); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1896). -50- 5. Cardamine‘parviflora L. (small flower) Small-flowered Bitter-cress. Rarely found in the state. Probably native. April - May. Specimens examined:- Marquette Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1917). Reported from Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901); Berrien Co. (C. F. Wheeler, l9ou); Cheboygan Co. (W. J. Beal, 19oh); Keweenal Co. (0. A. Farwell, 19ou); St. Clair Co. (I, W. Stacey); Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1920). 6. Cardamine peggevlvanica Muhl. (from Pennsylvania) Pennsylvania Bitter-cross. Found throughout the state. Native. April - June. Specimens examinedz- St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1895); Marquette Co. (Bronson Barlow, 1901); Ingham Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1900); VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1906); Alger Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1900); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 188%); Calhoun Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1910); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1915); Eaton Co. (B. A..Walpole, 192W); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1895); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1918). Reported from Schoolcraft Cc. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); Chippewa Cc. (C. K. Dodge, 191%); Tuscola Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); St. Joseph Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1902); Bay Cc. (G. M. Bradford, 190h); Cheboygan Co. (F. C. Oates, 1911); Isle Royals (W. 8. Cooper, 1910); Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1920); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1923). -51- 26. DENTARIA (Tourn.) L. (Greek, tooth) Stem glabrous. Rootstccks continuous, prominently toothed; stem leaves 2, opposite or close together....................................1. D. diphylla. Rootstocks interrupted by distinct constric- tions; stem leaves 2—5, alternate...........2. D. maxima. Stems pubescent, at least above; rootstocks readily separable, obtusely toothed..........3. D. laciniata. 1. Dentaria diphylla Michx. (two-leaved) Two-leaved Toothwort. Probably found throughout the state. Native. May. Specimens examined:- St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1895); Ingham Co. (G. H. Hicks, 1893); Macomb Co. (D. Cooley, 1839); Ingham Cc. (W. J. Beal, 186k); Ingham Co.(F. J. Sleeper, 1868); Marquette Co. (Bronson Barlow, 1901); Keweenaw Co. (O. A. Farwell, 1888); Case Co. (H. s. Pepoon, 1906); Gratiot Co. (C. A. Davis, 1888); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Kent CO. (H. M. Bailey, 1891); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1897); Oakland Co. (C. Billington, 1915); Gratiot Co. (C. A. Davis, 1895); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1892); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1918). Reported from Schoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); Manistee Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Mackinac Island (C. K. Dodge, 1912); Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1920); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey). -52- 2. Dentaria maxima Nutt. (largest) Large Toothwort. Rarely found in the state. Native. May Specimens examinedt- St. Clair CO. (C. K. Dodge, 1898); Washtenaw Co. (Lewis Foote, 1863). 3. Dentaria laciniata Muhl. (irregularly cut) Cut-leaved Toothwort. Found throughout the state. Native. April - June. Specimens examined:- St. Clair CO. (C. K. Dodge, 1898); Ingham Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1893); KeWeenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1888); Ingham Co. (E. J. Cole, 1895); Oratiot Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1880); Genesee Co. (D. Cooley, 18h0); Cass CO. (H. s. Pepoon, 1905); Clinton Co. (G. H. Hicks, 1889); Marquette Co. (Bronson Barlow, 1901); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Kent Co. (H. M. Bailey, 1891); Schoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1917); Kent Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1897); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 191”); Montcalm CO. (C. W. Fallass, 1881); Washtenaw Co. (C. Billington, 1918); Kent Co. (G. D. Sones, 1889); Jackson 00. (S. H. and D. R. Camp, 1897); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192k); Lenawee Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192h); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1896); Emmet CO. (C. W. Fallass, 1918). Reported from Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 19cc); Manistee Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Charity Island (C. K. Dodge, 1910); Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1920); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1907); MOnroe Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1920). -53.. 27. LUNARIA (Tourn.) L. (Latin, moon) Pods oblong-lanceolate, acute or pointed at both ends; leaves all petioled; perennial...l. L. rediviva. Pods broad elliptic, obtuse or rounded at both ends; upper leaves sessile; annual.....2. L. annua. l. Lunaria rediviva L. (renewed) Perennial Satin-pod. Rare. Found near Cross Village bluffs near Lake Michigan. Escape from gardens. Fugitive from Europe. May - July. Specimen examined:- Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1916). 2. Lunaria annua L. (annual) Satin-flower. Rare. Escape from gardens. Native of EurOpe. May - June . Specimen examined:- Ionia Co. (H. S. Greenloe, 1916). 28. SINAPIS L. (Greek, meaning turnip) Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid; pedicels 8-10 mm. long; seeds yellowish; beak as long or longer than the valves......................l. S. alba. Leaves dentate or lobed; pedicels fl-6 mm. long; seeds blackish-brown; beak shorter than valveBOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.0....2. 8. arven81s. -5M- 1. Sinapis alba L. (White) Brassica alba (L.)Boiss. White Mustard. Occasional escape from cultivation. Adventive from EurOpe. Summer. Specimens examined:- Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1920); Kent CO. (C. W. Fallass, 189W); Ingham Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1923); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1898). Reported from Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Berrien Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1888); Maccmb Co. (O. A. Farwell, 1925); Marquette Co. (0. A. FarWell, 1895). 2. Sinapis arvensis L. (inhabiting ploughed fields) Brassica arvensis (L.) Ktze. Found throughout the state. Adventive from Europe. May - November. Specimens examined:- Cheboygan Co. (F. C. Gates, 1911); Otsego Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1912); St. Clair CO. (C. K. Dodge, 189%); Keweenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1888); St. Joseph Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1890); Ingham Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1900); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Midland Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1915); Saginaw Co. (I. P. Robinson, 191W); Kent Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1897); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1915); Clare Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192W); Eaton Co. (B. A. Walpole, 192M); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1897). Reported from VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1907); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901); Schoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); Chippewa Co. (C. K. Dodge, 191H); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, -55... 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Manistee Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Mackinac Island (C. K. Dodge, 1912); Oakland Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1912); Isle Royals (W. 8. Cooper, 1910); Shiawassee Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1914); Antrim Co. (M. A. C., 1913); Midland Co. (M. A. C., 1915); Genesee Co. (M. A. C., l91u); Mecosta Co. (M. A. C., 1916); Sanilac Co. (M. A. C., 1917); Calhoun Cc. (M. A. C., 19lu); Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1919); Charlevoix Co. (M. A. C., 1922); Berrien Co. (Charles Brown, 1896); Manistee Co. (M. A. C., 191“); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey); Muskegon CO. (C. D. McLouth, 1896). 29. ERUCA (Tourn.) L. (Latin for some crucifer) Eruca eruca (L.)_Britton. Garden Rocket. Frequently in waste places. Adventive from Europe. May - October. Specimens examined:- Allegan Co. (H. Y. Finch, 1902); Washtenaw Co. (C. Billington, 1919); Calhoun Co. (W. G. Shepherd, 1912); Jackson Co. (W. W. Brown, 1912); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1910); Tuscola Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1912); 'Otsego Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1912); Lapeer Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1912); Lenawee Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1912). Reported from Manistee Co. (M. A. C., 1912); Oscoda Cc. (M. A. C., 1911); Sanilac Co. (M. A. C., 1911); St. Joseph Co. (M. A. C., 1911); Mason Co. (M. A. C., l9ll);Oakland Co. (O. A. FarWell, 1913). -56- 30. ERUCASTRUM (resembling Eruca) Erucastrum nasturtiifolium (Poiret.) Schultz. (nasturtium— leaved) Brassica erucastrum V111. Locally found along railroads. Fugitive from Europe. June. Specimen examined:- Washtenaw Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1922). 31. BRASSICA (Tourn.) L. (Latin for cabbage) Upper leaves sessile, none clasping the stem; plants essentially green; leaves mostly thin; flowers small. Pods appressed, slender, erect; l-2.5 cm. long, beak 3-” mm. IOnEOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIO B. nigra. Pods not appressed, divergent; 2-5 cm. long; beak 5 mm. long or none...........2. B. juncea. Upper leaves clasping the stem by auricled base; plants blue-green or glaucous-blue; leaves usually thick; flowers large. Root large fleshy; lower leaves hairy not glaucous, upper glaucous and glabrOUBOOOOO0.000000000000000..00....003. BO raga. Root not enlarged. Root a straight tap root; flowers 1.5-2 cm. across, light yellow; young radical leaves sparsely setose-hairy; leaves deeply -57- scalloped; sepals not appressed, not saccate.........................u. B. napus. Root fusiform or branched; flowers larger-1.5-2.5 cm. long, white or Whitish yellow; young radical leaves glabrous; leaves less deeply scallOped; sepals appressed, Seneca/ts.O...0.0.00...0.0.000000000005. 3. Oleraceao 1. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. (black) Black Mustard. This plant is much more common in the state than the number of plants in the herbaria shows. Naturalized from Europe. June - November. Specimens examined:— Washtenaw Co. (E. C: Allmendinger, 1860); Jackson Co. (A. J. Pieters, 1888); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1912); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1915); Oakland Co. (C. Billington, 1916); Emmet Co. (Wilbur Smith, 1911); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901); Emmet Co. (0. W. Fallass, 1918). Reported from VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1907); Schoolcraft Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1915); Tuscola Co. (C. A. Davis, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farrell, 1900); St. Joseph Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1902); Manistee Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Antrim Co. (M. A. C., 1913); Mecosta Cc. (M. A. C., 1913); Ionia Co. (I. W. Stacey). 2. Brassica juncea (L.) Cosson. (rush-like) Indian Mustard. -53- Infrequently found in the state. Naturalized from Asia. May - July. Specimens examinedz- Gogebic Co. (H. T. Darlington, 1919); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); Emmet Co. (0. W. Fallass, 1923). Reported from Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901); Lapeer Co. (Mrs. M. Owen, 190W); St. Clair Co. (W. S. Cooper, 190u); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Midland Co. (M. A. C., 1923); Muskegon Co. (C. D. McLouth, 1897). 3. Brassica rapa L. (turnip) Brassica campestris L. Turnip. Escape from cultivation throughout the state. Native of Europe. Summer. Specimens examined:- Macomb C0. (D. Clark, 1878); VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1905); Jackson Co. (8. H. Camp, 189h); Ingham Co. (0. D. Smith, 1898); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Cheboygan Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1917); Gratiot CO. (C. A. Davis, 1892); St. Clair Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1913); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 188”); Washtenaw Co. (C. Billington, 1919); Oakland Co. (0. Billington, 1916); Oenesee Co. (E. E. Sherff, 1909); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901). Reported from Keweenaw C0. (0. A. Farwell, 190“); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); St. Joseph Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1902); Manistee C0. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Montcalm Cc. (M. A. C., 1913). h. Brassica ngpus L. (turnip) Rape. -59- Occasional escape in the state. Fugitive from EurOpe. April - October. Specimens examined:- Ingham Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1891); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1916); Wayne Co. (C. Billington, 1918). Reported from VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1907); Ionia Co. (M. A. C., 1917); Osceola Co. (M. A. C., 1917); Sanilac C0. (M. A. C., 1913); Mecosta Co. (M. A. C., 1917). 5. Brassica oleracea L. (pot herb) Cabbage. Occasional escape from cultivation. Native of EurOpe. May - September. Specimens examined:- Macomb Co. (D. Cooley, 18h8); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1912); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1919). 32. DIPLOTAXIS DC. (Greek, meaning double rows) Pods stipitate; stems leafy to the inflorescence; pedicels 2-3 times as long 8.8 the flowerBOOO000.00..0.00.00.00.000000001. DO tenu1f011ao Pods not stipitate; stems leafy at the base; pedicels as long or slightly longer than the flowerOOOOOOOOOO. ..... 0.0.0.0000000000002. DO mural-18. 1. Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. (slender leaved) Wall Rocket. Adventive from Europe. June - August. Specimen examined:- St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1912). -60- 2. Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC. (pertaining to walls) Sand Rocket. Adventive from Europe. June - August. Specimens examined:- St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1916); Sanilac Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1913); Washtenaw Co. (C. Billington, 1917). Reported from Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1901); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900). 33. RAPHANUS (Tourn.) L. (Greek, quick appearing) Flowers yellow, fading to white; pods “-10 seeded; longitudinally grooved.............l. R. raphanistrum. Flowers pink or white; pods 2-3 seeded; not longitudinally grooved.....................2. R. sativus. l. Baphanus raphanistrum L. (radish-like) Wild.Rad18h. Infrequently found in waste places of the state. Naturalized from EurOpe. Summer. Specimens examined:- Washtenaw CO. (C. D. LaRue, 1916); St. Clair Co. (0. K. Dodge, 1899); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1898); Mason Co. (B. Chaney, 1910); Ingham Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1923); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918). Reported from Dickinson CO. (C. H. Coons, 1909); Tuscola Co. (C. A. Davis, 1908); Wayne Co. (0. A. Farwell, 1900); Genesee C0. (M. A. C., 1911). -61- 2. Raphanus sativus L. (cultivated) Garden Radish. Escape from gardens occasionally. Native of Asia. June - October. Specimens examined:- Macomb 00. (D. Cooley, 1848); Washtenaw Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1918); Cheboygan Co. (J. H. Ehlers, 1917); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1923); Kent Co. (E. J. Cole, 1892). Reported from VanBuren Co. (H. S. Pepoon, 1907). 3A. CAKILE (Tourn.) Mill. (01d Arabic name) Cakile edentula (Bigel.) Hook. (toothless) American Sea-rocket. Found along the entire lake coast of Michigan. Native. Summer. Specimens examined:- Muskegon Co. (E. A. Bessey, 1916); St. Clair Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1893); Berrien C0. (C. F. Wheeler, 1890); Emmet Co. (C. F. Wheeler, 1890); Arenac C0. (0. F. Wheeler, 1900); Huron Co. (C. A. Davis, 1896); Ottawa Co. (E. J. Cole, 1895); Muskegon 00. (Miss Hoppin, 1870); Ottawa 00. (C. Billington, 1918); Ottawa Co. (G. D. sones, 1889); Emmet Co. (E. J. Cole, 1898); Wayne 00. (Mary Fallass, 1893); Mason 00. (Ralph Chaney, 1910); Berrien CO. (C. F. Milspaugh, 1914); VanBuren 00. (F. W. Johnson, 1914); Monroe 00. (B. A. Walpole, 1920); Allegan Co. (B. A. Walpole, 1924); Grand Traverse Co. (B. A. Walpole, -52- 1924); Emmet Co. (C. W. Fallass, 1893). Reported from Schoolcraft Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1915); Chippewa Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1914); Tuscola Co. (C. K. Dodge, 1908); Manistee Co. (F. P. Daniels, 1900); Charity Island (0. K. Dodge, 1910); Sanilac Co. (M. A. C., 1920); Allegan 'Co. (M. A. C., 1922); Muskegon Co. (a. D. McLouth, 1896). V. II I . . . I ? . .. . " o c“ l ,. 'a I. ‘ . .. ‘ C u .. I l . . ‘1. | I ' . c a. | . . I . . '8 wk. . . '- .‘r inc“) .| "‘&v, I ‘ i, 3 . . ‘ '. {I '. . ... . ' . l