| l‘ L; l 131 351 THS A CC‘MPARATWE INVESTIGATION (,4: TWO BARN TRLSSES Thesis in the Degree cf B. S. MlCHlGAN STATE COLLEGE R. E. Wright 1942 TH ESIS I I ‘ | Flt}! F _ r ' . ‘- - ‘-.v T - . “-:~ 7 . " ‘3 h'?‘ A VDMJQrJtlce LhVCbbLLLtIOL a; 1L3 .. Ka 5' 7’1 m ‘- c‘o "‘ SCI“ lTJc-ueb ~71 o - o L a n lLBSlS aU”flltuQC to 149 Ecculty of 'x'T, nfirn. “T 1‘." , b‘l'v‘nL \Ja.¢d-th; 0* (1&5; D 3 ‘LLEGE ( k of .~|_ 1/":- 15‘ T 3117 v" ‘I ’_I'T"\ - ‘1‘; 2’}? :1 'SATTLYT \‘7‘ “ULtIUU‘JLLJIIJ-l [Rub 1'11 .; UI—a QV-Lu-v ('\ —--.-—--—-.-—-— l") ‘\ UCACV _-"' - (J‘Lu Des gn 31 Jemsrel Truss T" V fl. l' 1"- uL- . P‘ Q - - -- - _ c cistrieutien --—-— 1x. . . ., ". ‘ ‘ 4- ~ UEBSl‘.n O: Li-?“'!_"J“‘I'EI ----——_ 17 Q . . Lease an I "O {3-) m r—J r—J r—J VP (:3 {0 0) OJ U1 JOlnu Lesigns ---———--——- 13- ' '—‘. ' . _ I“. (W JnSt Lstlmcie —--—————-—— os- jbnrn-e a ace -*—------—-—-- ”:4 (‘1‘: - lf~ ’3. r __ _ _- 0")” LLv'LLDQILDL‘).i;f _'- “-~-_--’ _‘ _-—-- L.‘( '1, F]- CV W». (J) \T Li .- --——..—- -’-—-~ ‘4- 4". fl- ” -J E" 34. flb‘llt’g Truss Q’ U stress Lieérsu _—-__ '.'.3I;{lfi,; blEa-I'€‘£3!: “""“ ‘—" V—J I“ ' 'J<1.;.Lrel . %’.\ 'V‘ 'V f '.' -—-_-- ~1.‘\./ (-4 "TC-J. - x.- . 4..“ .3 r a r}; ,~ .~ r,., .J UJ‘V tzb L+u¢~n1mui Y".’T-'z’: ? I r‘ - ---—_.- Layuk.‘ La; VG "' :‘L ‘ 5‘ q 7' -. 1‘ -c> 1‘ gun ;:-L_ AJLCZ;IG..L T i,' A) T dc)” ———---.- H ‘I‘ 4 ”‘4‘ U y -. o . K‘ 1“ ', r.“ '_ " ‘l -—- n.\)r.;.L.-'c ui\’.rt.‘-L ‘- F...) FJ ,1.)LJ ) C" a U": I (‘J “3 ()4 7' l Introduction ”he earliest earns in this country were crude log buildings that were hewn from trees and constructed by the farmers themselves. The second era of building introduced the country carpenter or practical builder who spent weeks essemolin5 the heavy timoers for the frame before the actual raising took place. xortice and tenon joints were used, fastened witn wooden draw pins. hany of these barns still stand today as evidence of the ability of trese men. cf It is the purpose of this study to design so types of trusses for a smell barn and compare them as to cost of material and storage snace. A Construction The following designs are of a scissors truss and P! a gambrel truss. The desi ns have been made usii Kidders v 7 ~ 9 nandooos and supplement hanual of Timber Connector Con- o) H! s struction. The stresses in the mexnbers of the trusses were ob— tained by graphic ('1 solution‘ and are listed in tables 1 and 2 in their respective designs. ‘he trusses are spaced farther apart than in most ns, tne most common spacing being two feet on cen- ters. In place of the nailed and bolted joints Teco toothed ring connectors have been used. These connectors may be ob- tained from the Timber Engineering Co;; osny. The assembly of the join: is made by insertin. the toothed ring connector between t;e two nemoers and inserting a special bolt through he hole in the members. A ball bearing waoher is then placed , \v a. er tLG bolt and a nut turned or with a ratchet wrench thus 0 drawins the two members to; ether forcin. 3 the toothed ring con- nector into the wood. When tne two members have been drawn tightly together the special bolt is removed and the reéular fl machine bolt is inserted, ti htened uo 81d the joint is com— q oleted. finen the trusses are completely assembled they are then raised into place and faste rm ed to the plate. Then the 0“ sheathing and roofing job is done, completing the roof. Design of Scissors Truss In the following design of a scissors truss the stresses were determined by a vertical equivalent wind and snow load + a dead load. This method of loading was used IN}, because 0 the gable type roof which will give approximately ,3 when separate dead and live {)3 equal values to those secure loading are applied. This type of truss, which this writer has never seen used in a barn, was used as an experiment and to give a contrast in the comparison of the two trusses. Oneethird Pitch Tan 6 z 10 : .3687 H U I Trusses Soaced 4 ft. on Centers Roof Area = 18.03 x 4 = 72.12 sq. ft. Equivalent Tertical Sine & Snow Load — 85$ / sq. ft. Shingles - 3k / SQ- ft, 9) 311 e thing = 4% / sq. ft. U (D {\1 £5 t“ O 9.; (J; N "Q [\J H OJ L 1 o ()1 II (I) (W C 3 ml .Nn. Q \ NV \ .tnm \x . .u .4 \ bosom) w 9k \SxmoSQ -w2\ uN .QoM>\ .\\e ..\ . 9 . I 8 D .n.“ C H H u... .a n: 5c no 91 X X X 3 n Q 8 9w 8 n; .l to 4W0 1+“: mm.” 0 DJ an. PU nu no A a n. a a O 1 n5 9. 8 S 0 ca 0 : Z = T 8 Ow 4. ad u I .D l 8 TC +U A0 LU PD ha .1. .l «D n“ some as 0 n0 8 1 .1 9» r w... t 1.. u D u DU )) PC I C b O 0 Av .1 ab 8 .1 C e C .6 Q 3 O 3 F e _ I C 3-. a... :c d r 2 v +b 8 a 1 1 (( 0 8 Tu . S C :i t ii no n n .l a I = = : a O 3 rd «I u T C 2.. .l l I no 3 no no 8 3 O S ,3 d u f S n O O 11 l as a“ on e r r i L n t O. C. S n). .arl. ) ) 3 S C U. m.” n «U a D «u my 8 a O O 8 1+1: WU S I mu flu T 0 DJ 3 2 3 8 rd _ C l I? A 3 C C a “0 Av T u u 2 rd .fu .Tu lb +b : A. n n P. 1 o Q n4 .1 .l .l O O O O D Q 4 = J J J r 4 3 4 1». db my ) 3 0o 2 3 I t t m a D 3 X R .d. 8 a .... x - . v o , - Al 0 cl ”3 : a .Q. .0 . m l 2 1 rad o LU {L ”d '10 Q: J ’ . 8 El 1 O D o .5 C G 4. l 11. Du T;- L T... 51.10 ion fl C1 Ten N m. Cx .. ..-.< \x . and. U4 ‘QQQ ..\ LQQUWI EKNFSQ. 261%ka Ceriin of hembers Southern Yellow Pi e number 1 Com.z:on Grade Allowable ——-- coworessive stress - 13 0% her Square Incl Tensile stress - 13'3F per Square Incn Stresses aken from Kid ders Handbook .menber Ly,l, E); In CDL‘ICSSiOl 85:2 a 5.58 souare inch area rec uir ed 1304 1 Ratio = 13.o X 2 : 27 '5 a" ' Use “” x d” Tinb er Actual Area : 8.94 square incn hemoer 0,2; u,l Use same size as 5,1 for balance & continuity in upper cnord. 1 _‘ ~ . fa /\ u’ab‘hber G’l, V’s: In Tens1on 3820 = 4.85 square inches required 77‘ o .5de Use 2” x d” hemoer hemoer 1,2; 2,5 Use same size as for G,1 for balonee and continuity. hemoer 2,5 §§2u = 4.1 square inch required 15cc Use 2” x 10” member to provide room for Connector Spacing. (i) stud Lesién "I .,.. ‘1 ,- uOlUml FDIthu H EL! ) rk‘ H l’ L _. H ‘1 '- -\,v- -\ I = o1ailcst noroot of Inertia L = Lenttn of Column = 10 feet Pei = 3.14? x i,sooLc;o x 32 = avao I = on ‘ ' 12rd lo ‘1 X luau w P. 5753# Alloraole Actual = 84CO (J n. H = 10 X 18 30 H ') 'l" A “ . " M 1 .7 ' v " - ‘, . \ o“ r‘ . ,v‘; 4' R ch. 4-1- A For SquglL5 use b~o‘ x c mumCEIH nailsu to3e n r "itn a splate consistiig of “-b x 6" member nailed together. BéUCf 2 4 square incn area required éSize of studs 'ives added strength and a good foundation __—-‘ -‘~.-o-—- JOint 1,2 cIOint 1,3, - t; . ‘4 A ' , , —,o_« . '1' 'L ,‘I’ 463 Elegy}: C f7: 3111.:6Ct71 uric; 133.1L-nbo .t .r. 1 - p -‘ . IN “’ ' ' - Ozflif":l hr-o»eoie stress er vonnector _ occur JtICSS : *“ Use a — 4” tootned ring connectors ’73:: C; — 23/4" Certs 6:” long Use T plywood guee;t plate» 1*” x 15" x 1” B G gaximum loud = 6520 v 5145 = 1539 lbs. n r- L” ." ;-_ = MOJU# Connector fiin Connector Ijge u C ‘LOUE; r: 1 f". U , ‘2 a L&kimum 136; = 7533 + 1200 = 7030# 1-4” Tootnec Hing Connector :223“m éQOfi 1—2 5/5 Toothed Ring Connector connector values strees 2580 x 1.35 = 3560f nor connector Use 4-2 5/3” toothed ring connectors claccd -oncentrically inei”e 4—4” toothed ring connector Uee 2 l” colts 5" long. -_¢-~‘--—I-r.-.o~-~ ~‘ 591109 3631 n 13 nemosr 3,1; 3,4 (:} Required 5 — a x e” x 13' boards a n110WfiOi€ etress per connector (I: {1' (U k‘ %\ —_--'-“..-F-. 7-— u .\ D- o u€91 n o: neel J01nt wr-' rt" uooo tux mum otrees = use , , - - ., , _- "‘ 1.") Angle CBtWEEH hemcr S = 30 ue' 1 tooth ring 4" = 3330 ,5 J— ' . ,3, .3 . ’ uUO b3 W nu lfiau and a 4175 X 1.33 X 1.01 : 5350f ‘< H :3 U) H' C.» (D H I #1- toothed rin; connector _—-—_A-u-"- -- VT- :me N |\\ o FR bmutuuv to no. 36:ka whooammk. stow Q “IT‘QQ nQDNJBSQov UK flax vu§§cu QK 0.8“.v x499 “p -\ .. .QR WM -\ .1826 .3 v. \ W‘O-V Q fia.\.v°Q *1 ” nmo\outeob «wk .Y -0 K02 a! » Exams» - N .0}, “ex 59.60% . -, .l o .YK hr N U n. 83 :fwn fink} 0 to a? nu SKW .u max. .vl'c ’ - ‘ -.. l|.l . I a . .I~x.vll< .. ll II .!II l'l l-l'iull! 3. I?!" I. V .II .uvl .0-..‘ I 11Ill. I' “||ll|| 3 «mo. 370% Q “\‘QMH nv‘oNuuzon Mk a.¢o\vu3f Area = 3(13 x 43) : lclO board feet iei; x .54 = $51.50 Cost of Sheatbing .LV'JU Shingles 1510 A g".30 = ¢103.70 cost of shingles LUu Hardware 4 - 3 5/3” toothed ring connectors 14 - 4" toothed ring connectors 4 ~ 1" bolts 5” long 11 - 3/4” bolts 6” long 30 glote washer 3% x 53 x 3/8 Cost of nailitre Cost of connectors - (3 x 18$ - $3.25 Cost of bolts = 15 x 10 = 1.50 Cost of washers = 30 x 10 = 3.00 Tote Cost of Hardware = $3.75 Cost of Trusses = 11 x $5.00 = $06.00 Cost of Sheathing = 81.50 Cost of Sningles = 105.70 Cost of Eerdnere = lleS.75 = 74.2” 3337.45 = Total cost of roof Earn 30 feet x 4; feet 8 — sows 5F feet X 14 feet witn 13 foot drive floor Under Truss Ares - 3 (13 x 3) = 90 square feet Alloweb : Q r. lJ‘lS fi,:A“ \JU (a A hf. n N (VJ 1’5 1‘1. n’j‘i’YS) ‘t'd‘: e sooce for 0for". e V UL—(vk \J ‘ L U‘- C‘CJU C11 . fl": h f" ('Véf’v‘ —-——— 500 t on time 30' x 14 x l = 420 43 = .34 tons per 50 to settle. .1 I‘au ‘0 cu . of 1 ton of loose e of Ft. 0) (‘f‘ L) H m (31; (D o L: F-) Cl. 0, o) H d J to storage space 'I‘ ":1' 1101‘ maximum storage under roof ditional tons per Desibn of Gambrel Truss -10- a gambrel truss, the truss should approximate an inverted catenery curve to gllc the best place ent of materials for arch construction. If, therefore, the joints of the gambrel fell on or near the curve, the best roof truss will orcheely result. L Con on practice sews, however, that this first D rafter i. set at e oroximately 600 to the horizontal and the second rafter is set at aggroximetely 300 to the hori- zontal. Thus in the following design, tne values of 600 end EPO, respectively, were used. .3 -h u -\\ E aim . mi}. 5:30 «VJQ no? 83. , 2.3 0 5Q, .. M2 \ xv . ht; 3.8 10., . QMJ \ «1., . . .os--.vl o . i n I, .1“; t . I- i l.|1ll loll toil]! \ .I.|I\|| . .‘ll 08.” // A 009* O%\W .8» ! Design Trusses spaced 5 feet on centers 800 ritch Hind Load SOs/sq. ft. bnow Lea. : 5.5% / sq. ft. Roof Truss: 3.C% / sq. ft. ('0 » Q r—h c+ Shingles = 3.C# Sheathing : 4.0% \ \ \ U) C) C "5 d. . Tote :12.5# L0 ,0 H) (+- O p :5 Q U p D. II r J C 1 0 ()1 >4 (. (J l H (1.) C.) 0 =91; U "D (N Q. t" t“ 0 pa I! O J . Cu] x c l y H [0 ()1 ll “Q \ \ ‘ (j :N L. Des: Load 300 Pitch zinc Load 24#/sq. ft. Snow Load a 15.0% Roof Truss: 5.5% \ \ \ (O . ,0 ’4) 6+ Shingles = 7.0% sc. ft. Sueatfling - Aob‘lv // SC oft. Area = 10 x 5 = DO 8?. ft. Wind Load a 50 x 24 - 1200¢ Deed Leas : 25.5 X 50 = is u# Table 3. Stresses a; Scaleu from Figures Deed Live Loam Live Load Size Lezeer Load otreks Stress Horst of stress hindweré Leeward Comeinstion Members all —8545 —5§§C +éjO ~91387 ?” x a“ 0:2 -15e8 -tg;0 +570 -5,LLB 8" x 8W D,3 -ll$o -L6,’ +750 -4,735 2” x 8" 5,4 -2iée - .e; +753 -8,:£O 3” x 3” 1? — céj -?330 -O- ~3,;”Q 2“ x 5” 23 + 535 +1 lu -;C“ +1.555 F” x 8" 1.14 ;;l-_£3v_l_~: ~1’7u-C ~b— ~41,ij 2,.” X 8” L:L + 4 C +5750 +2,590 +3214© 2” x 8” 4,L +1173 +5150 -2,8'G +7L§23 2” x -” I- 4.. U (D 'n H I. II’IIII lull-‘l|ll-.lll .I'IIIIII III‘IIIDI'|| ficflp 4 B/lqfl/flfl J TUEDS II. If! ;. ..’I.l I. [I] IIIIIII 11' ; -.L i / a“ it. A '1 ., ' ' -. . ,, .. n _., -4.~,,. QUULLJE‘I‘H Yellfils- (11.23 .w .4581" .L v0..1...01’l close " pnr‘ Cesaressive stress : geek DST s0. ft. Tensile Stress : 15007 per sq. ft. 1 I 'I . rdjr Ila .l‘ . - .4 :I’.- I'“ ‘N . otressos t zen from niseers uwflubfiOK memeer 3,1 _ . ,—. '7 “ '— l = g. o v -1 x U = a) 0 do (A K-) p II = 3.33 sq. in. area required. .4 .q 0') (D 3 . ' l. .' v — a‘ n r n (‘V O v . a A d” iemcer cCtUul area : lgo~ sq. in. Mercers C,e - D,5 - 5,4 will ee constructed 07 3” x 3" lumeer \} also to muintsin cantinuity in the upper chord of truss iemeers are safe as all cogpressive stresses are smaller than for 3,1. Lemrer L,l A = 9140 = 7.62 sq. in. reeuired Y - n I..." "‘ P| ,“-‘,-~ I .| ,~ " N I'\ 9 o Lee a" x 5' mumuGT ACtUul nrca = ls.2 sq. in. u‘" "I I-‘ ‘ . of¢GtL DEBTS 1,5.) - U"; A = 4 %3 = 4.33 se. in. reuuired E” x 5” teaser will ee used as L,l,3,4 sud L 4 l 9 9 : "-J are continueus at eers. ‘1 ..‘u '1 ' 1 r ;-— '.‘-- fl ') I‘. C. 4- ' I~ .‘ 5190 = le-u = i.e en. .t. requireu lieu Use 2” x 3" member to S“pply ample room for con— ---.~-o—- _—-‘-- r‘rN- I - ~7- 7. ., - fip‘lr. Begin 1.1“-th :‘-:\A-C:l\-)LE = (JUOO maximum Live Lose heection = 1110 '—. W a Lr ‘ A *4. ' rise = TQUQl Laue {er JUUQ .. - is" X 0” (1104130: ' .I' -”' 1 ' ' . " "O . '1 "" W"..— ‘. 1'. " r. FOR : " SUI :: 6.14: )x 1.:; 3:1.) k ens : J( ‘0 I 8 on» = .3 X 4x“ 5 I" r‘ I _.— 1 (N 11 e X lad“ w L; I 7“ .0 g h f‘\ r‘. 'Zf‘ l : 1;." X 1.; = vU Ci ‘1 T r) C2 I :1" ». -. '1 e. c . . . ~r" ~ -"~ + v- *1“ Lee 0 — -' x e plCCeb i~ .eet long Lclleb tofietuer, ‘ *- ,. , ,. ._ . , ' ,-. ’ .' .,- A “ n O” . 9 II _ -. .- ' 1 ,3 4. 1., ,._ With 0 gldte cansisti-; w: c‘m x . medeers holleu togetner. placed 5 feet on centers. ~-----'—--—- Ties V’" . '. 1' I . 4.. fl ~ backllflxl... .40I'lZCJIloo fierce 01". u H H C. m h I" II C l C_ 3 hr. 4.. 01 . 1 } O [U )c ll 3 H (J I H H r n D) C3 O lfi_ 51$ Area 13333 = 11.81 es. in. euuireu ’JJ feet lens attached tn both and \J V- IOm either end ts resist tne CI (f ¥~ C ('4 Cu Ft. trusses enu ugC secaw‘ horizontal tnrust. Joint Eesigns Setle JOiUt _ » ~ ' W. ’ CI . “r 11' _ 34 I _‘ v" 'v‘ . f;1uL: Lexen iron nunuel of .iMoer Connector 5.. . vuwosr .- w.ta \— V . I 1 CI" Construetlon. oipelenen .f.....-., TV ‘ ‘ \f‘In'. ’\ ‘ ‘ '2 .' , ,'_ J“ ‘3: :: {Eu-0v X an u‘v’ = -.(-.C‘K.-’{r ’ I) '1‘. t“ I 'Q (N I C X U P. L: ¢~ I-’ U C] O I! LI} U a (d m a I IF t-fl U 0 k". v. V! R Q. L; H . D 1 C) o b (D O c+ J H m 3 - b/é" Bolts 3“ long v . - -, .0 f) . " G I ‘,~ , n .2 5‘: II .. ‘ - Q -: ‘r Use piece or s" x is' oJ-ro 1o 1on3 ooLte. to stem ‘ ' 3‘ .0 J. , ‘ l' 4‘- - r‘ 1 $' r‘ J“ " r '- . Q _ slce or truss st .sole to QCL as gusset. - 9 a v T Jaint ~,u,u,u .. r“ fir- .- , .A‘ :,~;1v— " r- ("xv- ‘0' VD V : -e/JO x 01“ we” = s(-b A .o = mover , ’ r 15;. ’.:l/\1 “f :‘ ' ‘2:— r—v" v V2 T : -l;sa X Ola b 3 = luvd h .Cuv_lch$ ’ r: 'I. r.‘ - ‘ ’ry-‘ . u chin“ COTm‘uwI‘Q v ..':f‘_* v .Y. "') ,- 7": .. (2.“ 1:71“!- Y..,.. “ ‘j‘ \ : —~.,u‘u.gl n 01;; U : upukz k odvug‘zv'uv’ff HokoI'Cl m',” ‘ 1118# ertice force I.) C \o 0: ’H W 'x? U: >1 0 J m or 3 O I I pp- \7 03 0| >4 0 U ()3 3 ll ph- H C” (“I 4 ~. -——r 3"“ r- '— _ .1, :3 5 : 13‘0 X COS nod : 1553 X .a : 773} 41o0 1 h. 2 : oo‘l x cos 6&0 = 5082 x .o = 37%6f 3544 ’ ZSééW 335' outwerd 4” Tootnee h “r Connectors C3 (0 (D (J I ()1 I 3/4" Bolts 5” long 2 - Gussets 15” x 16" x l" are reouired. ---—~."0'I*- -— h-L" All ;' ,& Joint ,aflvl 4:5VW A r( Lo .uC’ X 13111131 1|. ‘IN Q» 0 L .rC I 1...... .r Iv DJ LA JOE) 7" 5 CO -. ,.,. . LL “lace A. 'I. .1‘ K4. \ ' ~. J. .— U ‘11 LR n .u "\ . 7 1 1.1 -L-IA 0.x. 5' ‘--—-—-o—-_-~ l {.1 l kl I] .‘3 . . ' r3 .5“ L‘. ..'\ :Q .‘Q ' U..‘u‘\A A U’L,\"‘J W I" v“ Joint Au AU Cu Ru .1 ,To 11 3 C0110 ector oleced '. Li H l 4- U. Too :sioe .IA lly f1)" . . Infill. 4.... Tr ¥_/ 0 4o N! 'Jv nr‘ "~ " q. .—-—..... (1 f \ K I ‘e N :1: 4 our. L‘, . . I \I A‘LL, 1*0/73” T33 U - . N u 9‘ . r.‘ t \ r\ V’ ‘ ' t" - I tresses say as reised see in smeller conx are one largely to Wine lo?” values, tney msy m (4.. “f (3 '1) II) 'I m ’_ . . —I ' f} r'\ '7 .‘ k . y. 0 J! L; U 'u o H r O H (I) no (I) C ectors due to DJ ( .. oolt 812' oe increased to 1" diameter lose especity connectors may be increased 7p. 18,430 X 1.07 : 18,400 3—3 5/8” Toothed Ring Connectors placed concentri- Y' -, cellv inside P-i” Tootned ding Connectors (0 h. ’1 I ‘W 1 ,‘ q f ’ ‘ c — 1' LOLtS e” lqnb CO I J N M \7 '3 P 9 FJ f...‘ C 3 H C) } .J .) C) N r ‘l )- required as shown ' .. . - 3‘54. , . - ,3-.. .'. "”‘ JOINS nails -otmeen mfim‘crw = 90 eU' ~i «1 «e57' buTSSG la 51 ‘ ~Ju5uf or CT H o w m H D F] t“ H I (Q F4 ( ) W o . H ._ t-Dtsx :‘. - L‘) U - -\ ‘s'w’ka‘ = was 4 ’ I, '.' :‘rh\ ‘: : VOL: ‘ Q/qfl 71:” U Lz/ _\JLU‘..I ... I” .1 ' -'~- ,‘ .‘HJ ‘_‘ , ‘ , - .: '3 -, . o., as 2C1“: CUUSCJ lurfelz 0; Fine loses Vslues Lunoe ? _ 2“ uddfit“ ‘ ,. I .. _ -I -1 J." . ‘ ‘ . . A 1‘ , ‘A 4- ' r ’ _ o r. . on L‘- o/a“ lootnee dng connector oleceo conesntrienll; I .I‘ a _. ‘ ,- _ J- . -. .‘ .' . , , I“ . , ' + —‘ ’ H f'" ,- lnSldu e.~d' Tootnec.ruxn ‘oonnector’errso l — c= /o" C1 (J I: {L ( 1) H y.) C '4 r-I' ("'9‘ (t, "I 'I F1 H J 7'1 ‘ 4 ‘,_ V‘ 1. ' __ J _ ,— +_ ‘_‘ ‘ leUL¢LIgA o.L:L..rl') C7£1flth9T E‘- (F‘firl JIAT v 4A. ‘Nl - 9 A O -- ’— 1 / |' ,’ 1 I f I. I. \l‘r 9;: s — e,: colts l nb. o x e: : def per null no. : $48 = 7.16 nails required lofl Toenail truss to plate usiné 3 - 32 d nails. 0‘ o l‘ .4- _ (- V533): LCUlinCte "3 "HI :1! ‘I‘ '1'“ '? " . , “—7 c - o x o x 19' : u(.s 03ers rest I) I ’ O 8.4 f, I) ‘2‘: H (‘I II 1 \ (Q (.n I (j: ('3' 3 CT H C. I» I, (T) (D (+ 0 (“I O O (1 H C. I-+, \J (D d O (L I 3 J C . H O H) (’0 6+ 4; H I i 3 v U >< (\3 II /‘\3 O N} C) (‘1 H C H: ’D ’D d I" (:I (‘3 a 511-11 2 ‘QUU' ') (-I (D II }._1 (TI 0 CI- 172.5 soard fe CD . ,-‘ ~ ~ " fl) 1 ,v- ,r F ..‘ '_I 3-! n r : .Vw.dd aer loco LOQ a rest v\ 1111“ 54 FR ‘ V + 83. u. "D 3-; 4‘- n y— ‘- 16:9 \. A; ~-. \.1 w '11 ‘0. ’“I 0 f I- f". ‘1 I) Y x J- ’w-o- .Ltll O "‘ I \r fif‘ X \ v r \A .‘ _' . 4,.\ \J .4 LJU 8 ~/ -r' . _. ‘ *- ‘1 CI V I 40 llllA‘ \/ »‘ U-.' 41 Lo +- ‘3" 1 0L. , DOA C: ectar‘ i) 11 11 ’1 U V! r1111?" 073 KIM .o __ FC 1/73 x 3 1/2 x 5/3 \— r-v A U q 7 rm \ .io She 1‘ klate -‘ f‘l b“ 4 l‘ 71/: '15le. 7-0 *‘v-s. _. V LIL «U Au (3 ' x 13 1/2 = 37.2 ’13 4 '“ffiCt-DI'S ‘4? f‘ - r)‘ anA‘ Pu 0m 0 a; FU X 9w Tu S A) ‘ ware . x.- u I cAI' Q T~n' “ 103.00 ”‘0 n; ‘ ‘) ‘1 t. {3 All L) “ I‘d-'\ ‘xeob’ mrus D of J— U est Cos- G’JSt C); «L S O '7 la )2 9 ‘ WE: I' C 1. I‘ a I. f 45 S A). 0 Roof antire fOOt her tone 4- )<‘ ‘1 st. of I Floor ’5 Drive are f 1 A I -\ 0"; ' 5:, SC ‘7 'J O E (A ’ I . t.— J ‘. K 7‘ f a"? A 00' “(O . k, r; .4 r‘, H in with l f) O v a" .d X ,- Stsrahe 5 X 15 40w 5 e C ¢i cubic _‘ 1" L.) v 4“ 21”; T) W. ‘08 I‘ s 7- , m '1 ,- ‘vqfl‘joiifiulil: L 0L! V'DflLLilFlQllb StOrnge under Gemorel Truss : 13.fi5Tons SDDTL¢€ under Scissors Truss = 5.; Tons Difference : 8.35Tons -‘-.l- I.--“ '. ". f‘ i- f‘u .- V r . f'fi - : cost or senorel [rues = §Qu0 a . 2 it: 'n i. __ u; -': r: f‘w Dost or scissors lIUSa _ uJ7.uu Difference = @125.00 -#--‘..-C no--- A s , + , ‘4— ~-.- a». Mr. 1:1“ "he; , v):t pcr ton of storage snuce for oumcrel True = eon = @éu. ’1: A.;. lUQ‘i‘J '7 ‘7 ' (.1 Cost per ton of store3e space for Scissors Truss: o \1 l .- #V‘T. 01 O H Difference = ficu. From the above figures, it is evident test the Scissors Truss is tne ~neeper of the two to coas' [r- ‘ I D 1 . Err. .-. " f‘ 5 I -‘~ I“, . A" r' 1 -\ - \ '\ ‘ ‘- L“ 1“ - A. —‘ I - nowever, to one sgsce that 18 LLKCU us cy tne retosrs 1n ._ : ‘-. ~4- -.~ v“ +— f‘ .nr‘ r “If. r AA: -‘ - ‘ . too or tuE truss, tne storage sge:e CiiOTdCu c; this truss is g) e of truss would be more useful in .0 very poor. This ty‘ building where roof storage would not be so keenly needed. The Gembrel Truss is by far the sore practical to build, because for a slightly higher initial cost, a storage scece ncerlv three times as great es the Scissors Truss is snout one-hclf oneeper to build per ton of store :IEu number of variations of this type of truss is used in s {2 in- 'r . n '1. 1313 fi‘c‘aI‘if rs A .‘I ‘ II-fis. r- ": I .i-LDL Q S It is the u lder to select. I‘T‘ ntial \ A. If - r5 0’" I «I, f a: e S T 0.. U l D... 4* u 0.» “O a. l C 3 .3 Ad .14.. 4 U ”3 l l .3. Cu. T l S i. U ..l l 46 1 _ l a ‘1 53 o I: .1; VJ 94* o cl V-» n u n 0: wk. A) o .. U 7...... Lb o S no 9 Q. C a. a o, C C U... .3“ T n v C F u n .1 4 c I E m T. t n) f .0 r O .11. no A U W .1; ’ .4? AV .4 2 t .l S T S to VA H J E E . n .. W L r). A- .2; n4 .1 A) to 3 «.ri. l D .l .d O C so 4.4: ,.c 3 o... c o n: u ,L C 0.. C .3 a. I r u r. .1 l D a L 3 l t u L V M l a a: 1+ .3 r... 3 Q .l i S 8 .l .1 (L "r“ a. 4+4v "4 r E .. 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