THESIS

 

 

171‘ -r-.'* -~i ‘r‘ FF fl- Y r "v. v' ‘7 'fi /\ "l FF'v'fTV‘Q Y‘r‘ffi' T‘ 'Vz-r“ y" m ‘ -, ‘P
Y . I " : 4 I” . . II .‘ . , f.’ .,
-uV‘ol-L‘ V“Abb '1‘.AJ\,..J VJ.- LA...—J ' .4“ J “4L ‘4' --L L‘

f\! Tf'T. f ’yf" '\' _‘ Irfim (“71'
V q 1 I .. .
g. v- ¢uLu$L .L..v~v4.a. UL!

mfr'f‘v‘r
uL l‘A4UM

for Degree of L. S.

-‘ fr? ‘n T\ (yr-7*. (“'1‘ {arm ' "IV"?
in J-A. JJ;$ Ufil‘L‘J VV“L4~.JJ..4

Jose Fernando Laldonado

M

19" ~

Tf‘iibjfi

 

rift/“5""? '1 j"._”"-“' ”TH-'mr‘
J‘A-VAA'UV and” J .uL-a. I¢~+Q

o
:3
o
H)

The author sincerely apprecintes the coopereti
the Department of Dairy Husbandry and that of Kr. C. F.
Huffman, Research Lssociate in Dairy Husiendry, in the
conduction of the investigation herein reported.

A Knowledgencnt is also extended to tr. e. A. nop-
pert, Associate ircfessor of Biochenistry, whose help
made the seccnd part of this work possible. Llso to Jr.
C. W. Duncan, ixperiment Ytation Chemist and his asso-
ciates, for the chemical enuiyses used in this investi-

getion.

1.1331. 1.

‘Thr‘

Jpn".

F" fl '\'_'(".““a_'.

-1311 or

v .1111... .H .LQ
T“T{UJUU1IUK
P W111": CF - LIT‘T'1-TU 13‘
Tne nutritiV3 value of tLe Velvet been 1
Composition cf tie Velvet been 1
Value 0 the Kelvet been for Duiry Cuttle 6
Suumury 9
The effect of dietary Tet on milk '11 Fat
secretion ll
S'uwy El
733*”??1111L281'T1 l. "‘1 :12.
Purpose 23
llan cf the Experixen
Selection of ti: e uniles 24
lumber of 11115
Hist nary of t13 snimels
menu ehont s11i envircnuent
Feeds used 15
Llfulfe Hay
starch and glucose
Soyoeen oil meal
Corn
1elvet beens
Bone meal and salt
Feeding plan 27
leriod I
Part L ( lfelfs feedirg)
lurt B (Alfblfd and Starch feeding)
lert C (11f lfe uni Soybean o.mcel)
Perioi II ( elvet been feeding)

W '11

UOiiection of duta
[ilk production
1at proiu tion

Of t 18

CULCLILFLtiOI'l Of til”

Feed records

.eigy1t en]: ”1

Body measuzcenents
Phys lcul 0311dition
guelitutive tests or e-

in tne urine.

e fee 3 re11ir

30

’1 LLQALtS

cetone bodies

Irocedure

followed

ilx pr3duction

3r3ent uni yield of tutterfat
lyemelbht

eed cunsumed

nditicn of enine s
onsistcncy of he feces

ody u asu31131 s

cetone b01118 in the urine

Discussion

Summary and Conclusions

Litereture cited

I .

Ugvu‘Lvlv

7-.
‘1
o \

I

.LUJ.

'1

_~~w1 ~._‘)
“-\~~D\J‘ ,

\4

t; Tiff LL

:1

t" l"'-“"‘1 c:
9.1 .J.‘\.sb.-“

r' +' 1 '-
J 1,161-6.

‘-"J

Fl". '_1‘

q
'1
M—A—

."

.‘J V

I‘ 91;;

11" ‘i‘

1
r

. ‘
. .1 ,3. .-
I‘QAA Lv‘l

0'

-.A.

D‘—| 1
¢ A "A t

‘

1“.“

A.

\a

“(W 1' '
/¥. ‘.—A

(

1,1

1;.
_.

E1.+’_. ,9
11:11:11.1] 131

v‘

f"‘
(.111)

we
V.—

,'v‘ 4"
1.13- U

_|‘

v‘-* I
A 0A -..

l
r
\—

,1!
.u

\r

W W

(H-111.

v‘

T .

'\
JV

71,
.15

. 1;

.i.
In V131

1-. ,-.
A-‘

‘i

r 37w?

+b

,2) +- 7; "l" ~1|. ' ."J
'J d‘J—L-.-Lno~v

11
l

(‘0
V'J.

+1.

«‘11:
L“ ,v---‘JJ

1'1“

..
) ‘ tn -J
--'\I

i. 11;;

1.1. :1
v4.4-.

\fld

q
'-\A

“a
I

~~
.-..L.u~

1 w
it: : [1- '
‘u\." 1

i.’

.
\“1'7
,A.

u

.L 1. '11 1.11.38

'\ -fl(“

1:

A‘7+)-I
._. 4.1

P“

‘VT'V—r #-

i.o...iiTI v1: V_'-L- "

Sure and Read(l) classified the velvet been olant as one

p.

of the most v15 orous 5r win5 annual legumes in the United Sta-
tes. Its importance in the cotton belt of this country increa-
sed enormously from the early nineties to the present time, The
acreage of velvet beans in that region increesed from about

one million to five millions from lQlS to 1917.

The Unite\ 1 States Beyartmént of “griculture introduced the
velvet bean from India in about lE7013). it first it was used
merely as an ornanent, but later, when it Was observed that
livestock ate it with a relisn, it“ impartsnce as a feed fo-
farm animals develcped.

The Lnited states Census for 1930 regorted the prcfiucticn
of mere than 2,100,0J0 bushels cf 'eed anon" nine Scuthern sta—

tes, without includin5 the snoints used as forage ani 'nter-

q 5 . . 5A - ,,J 5
one eiticn of the telieu bean

 

The earli;st chemical analvsis cf tnis seed Was made by
Clute(2), measured on an air dried has 3. Tie followine table
obtained from the fL ires girzn by her rison(4) cem1ares the

velvet been with otlm: engular rrc t in—ri ch feeds:

LO

or.1ro- F
t-in

Cottons'd meal 43.29 7

nins'd Leal(solv) 56.9 2

soybean C. meal 46.4 . 1
(solv.)

Coccnut C. meal 91.4 ?
Ealm Kernel men

(hi55 131 fibsrfl .1C.C 9

Peanut C. mea' 43.3 1

Velvet saniwnele) 23.4 5

The velvet be'n chn Llius

tein of cottonseed mea , lils

giller an‘

f

h

J

'm;:nnt of net ene r

t licer u-free Ash T.:.n.
Txtr.

J #4 .4 .4 ‘J
2“. 13.cc 27.0. 5.5” 75.5”
6 5.9 31.7 6.0 77.6
i 13.3 47.4 6.6 71.6
5 24.0 35.0 4.3 73.2
4 5.7 27.2 5.8 3.8
7 60‘; 51.5 :00 7‘50?

anount of

gro-

.AJ

=3" 01' but

L

l‘~\i'v'

LJJ °

e conwaicial analysis jiven by feed dealers (5) is
Crude protein not less can N2 per cent
Crude fat " " " 4.5 yer cent
Cruie'fiter " " " 4.0 " "
S-free extr. " " " 51.0 " "

\A

velvet

an1a1;Veed t};

P
A.

e Ixitrwx5incu s C.AI.pULHn1~

cur pe cent 0,111d as protein

and 0.51 per cent as nen-grctein. r"he later CVRSlStS mainly
Cf acid a_ide, basic and awino e'id nitTO‘enh. I her5e 3~rt
of tn1s is mainly 3-4-dihydroxyphenjlalanine.

The i"portz nee of this co.5 pnd has been enyhas1zed by
Liller(;,9). Te fulfil ttat “be“ the velvet beam was erei
anu mixed witn tater, a fin; celcr d~ve.r;3d verv 1,10h1y. It
psssei tnrou5 several slades of r95 and br=n* and f1.ally be—

ne blacn. "hen the seed coats tore “omf'efely reuc“ei ar‘
the E vderei int riors nixed 1th water, 3e c0 0“ if' r'l

slovlv

Cl

1 . -‘ . _ 5 $2. N -‘ . + ..,. ~ A..-,,~ _‘ ‘ 4"«-- \.
tall-lei fl L‘St U-¢v -5\_;,A.U :— U 1"! L3». LII (3‘11. :fr‘.-c , 1J1.«t on J. JLF‘ filer
,. fl. ‘ . 5 _ “.1." ‘4‘ .51.‘ ,1 1 4.", ,. . ‘ .- 11‘-‘ ,_ _ .~.~ . '1‘ . ..._‘..
a :3 lailei to outstanti U tiis lien since tie reactiaz “ca

v I 1 ‘ \ 1, . ‘ ‘ ‘1: 2 1 ." '- - V 1". r - “J . ‘ - .' 4
not de stic N31 Ly neat Ln.aliynes£w .mlreov I, zrnatln

.. t - lj-vsvy
J 1\J u‘J
1, ._ -- y ,‘ .. _ . 4-. _ l
\c I: + )k 5,4 ' ‘ r ' ' t. 1 t "" fi'“
Cq'Atu U3 .huL) u“~.‘)‘ “do V3.1LJbL/l .Aktt LU; on; lu\".A.L-J I wl'vvu 0.24.».4.

-- ~. H 4,- , .1: l. ' . . ' -. _ ' 4. r“: ,- .. w,” ‘ ,1 ‘ r -.-
delnckblOI’l, bat (ilkl IlUt lIJJUthL- ‘5 lb. -.1.: L.~-1L3.3t-:.IC3:3.1..ain‘t-.3"

\-

(‘+
Pd
0
r l
'“i
Q
C
O)

n
$5

I

‘ ';+ _.Y‘.'O..3 1‘71"": "i"\" I". fl 1'\‘. a w ." +'-‘,'a‘. .1 I.
I...’L-‘-J“L-\.Iv Ly..- l b-LLA bub ’ C‘-.\1 d--b.‘ 4-

a;
r
,5
v
i
t I
v
F
*4
H
'r._J
(I)
*5

_ _-‘ 1.1.. . .-q “:1 ~.._, . .‘4 .,- \1
l '11 __ ~ F :3 I_ 1 . ,~ 1 . , ’V \ - V:.- r’\ V y N I y l v f\ . a 0 F)
5 ‘Jul T_.t ~/\l y;; (.1 .‘1‘oAL AJ‘J KAL l ‘J ‘-' .LALJ 4* “I“.U' 1):-(d-1/AJI- .LL -u‘lirle I - 8 vi. ‘51 L .L L ‘1‘

. -' ‘ ~w a 'g ~ & . -~ 7‘ 1 \ . 3‘ 3 - ‘\ ’\ " P 'I‘ '2 I a ‘. " - V L- :‘
Peeitive icection~ for ti1s sutstance from so ciliarent trie-
t ' '30 .f 1"; "I want ‘v, ~14" 31': ‘ ., .4 - n ‘71.: C130 V Wit ,- {_ fig} 741" iY"

1‘40 CI vV-A—Vw . U;-o ,1..Lb UV; laL-JKL...‘ \4-3 u-.1 ‘-_.- _-.-'c Lui A‘sw‘

1

- ._ .._. ‘. -. -. .7 ,. .‘-‘_ ~ '1 ‘. 1‘.-. .w ".3. .5
ll“. Illa. “.1511 £11....ll;l:>tr:l~:fu JIQLLL'. “1.1.181" CCJILCchuGJ t: z.- '...1'..r.

; ,' 4- ‘ ‘I v A. ‘ . w . " v~ ' - _. ‘4 . f- ,‘. ‘y F! ‘ 1‘ “V, ’1
ijuu t;-.LEJ buLJthJJCC 132 rotu-Ui CLLDQIV T.J...t".jcl

l" u ‘ . ,~ . i. I o _ _- t - ‘ .I_~ +h -..1~‘.| ‘- ._ _ P._ . ”I
chen1cally to airec._11n, it is glitz Lossiele tint lo” , con-

tinael feedin5 of velvet beans xi5ht ‘uLSE such hmrnful effects
as have ween ctserrec ”

rlnns and Jenns’lZ) also stL‘1sfl tie cau;~s of t icit
11c..- v,- ‘wt 13:6..1 .Luuq...11’. "stennm and Jen 5(14), unile inns:-
tin5 be theory that ‘he bean contains a toxic Sibst ance,

tried to find ctner ligitinx factors, particlltrly unavailcbi-

lity sf its PPOtGiLS ii the res state. Tron their stuiie:

U

tni¢1 cons is tel in the isulaticn cf the protein and t eir di-
5%;tmi n "in vitro" b; peysii and trypsin, they concluflei that
normal 5routh can be attains” en he cocned gretsins. The barn-
ful effects notices after cookin5 w2u1d be due, than, to the

presence Cf the sibstsnce isola ed by Liller.

Brennen(lo) also ingroved the quality ,f the been by
restin5 it for one hmo. at fiftsen EOindS pressure. In the raw
state 40 per cent of the see d in the ration was found to he
injurious, while ofter biotin5, sixty ger cent was safe.

The fact that velvet beans are need less toxic to rumin-
ants than to snine end rots may be one to the fernenteticn of

the toxic substances in the runwn{é).

fa
”S
C)
1)
O
:3
(“f
’3‘
(I)

1... .- .‘ V." ‘.. 1’ ‘3! .14.-.‘ .11. .. ‘-,1 1.1,,
J01ns one 11n1s(1J) concoctnc v1t1n5163 r1134

o.
i
d‘
F
U3
0
Pb
,1
F-
d
\d
g 9‘
”A
f.)
CA
:3
U)
0
[—4
9*
H
H
(C
,1 1)
(I)
d
’11
1)
(A
'4

constitution of the :1;
fo1nd stizolobin es the :rincipal pro tei . According to them

it contained all the essential eginc acids. Jones and Johns(ll)

‘

and Jones and ”eternsngl?) also studiei this protein and sepa—

ratei anotnev globulin end an albumin. guey found the follov-

in5 anino acid content of ielvet be —ns:

Stizolobin Beta glo- Albumin
(e-5lobulin) bulin
Glycine 1.6c5 - -
15-1 enine 2.4.1 - -
Valine 2.t8 - —
leucine 9.02 - -
Iroline 4.0J - -
Ihenylelnnine $.10 - -
I3 rosine 6.2e — -
cystine 1.13 c.89fi 1.02%
1.r:irzine 7.l4 8.19 6.13
List 1 in 2.27 5.37 0.83
ysine b.5l c.50 8.20
“Lrypto Linux; iresent o— -
3ure(15) showed that cystine is also a grow n lin itiig
factor in valve b.z n Hr teins. Tetermen end Jones(lé) hod.pre-

viously claimed that no improvement res olted upon addition of

this amino acid to the been ration.

U"

Sure illus trite; Lis observations by nouns of charts.
Then he added cystine to a relvet bean-deletin retion for rats,
considerable continuous growth was :roduced. Locordinr to pre—

~"’* ‘1 .‘ fi+. ' ‘ s..“ \ I '. - - “‘ -*"p' I ".$‘ V“
Sth date, net cystine Lut m. “16L ne is tne uUJlClUJt sol-

i.-.“

- .' ’5
-5111; I

i}

The velvet been seed was fosnd defic r
to the character of its ninerel Letter. Locording to Sure and

V‘ ' ‘1 i
‘ r 1 ‘f‘\ ‘ 9 -" ”a . L t :V VIV_'_3 ‘rl 5‘ ‘: y~ . 1". f ) r-s '4“ _~ (1 "'y! g y 7v A ww- ‘L A, .1.) .- -~'\ “ :3 Y!
.. eodtl) “IV “116 IkA A.) Viki; \I ‘_I.LL;.. “.1. r ‘J‘ KJ-L mglh ..-‘ I; V'CLVB LI L/HC‘4ILS bull..-

(\
C
*‘S
(D
(I)

3‘
H
’J
:J
*5
L
P
t
C?
6+
CD
’1
O
y
(D
{1)
y—s

3
5:
"5

F 75
(D
H
O

1 .J
u

‘ 1

veu es the scle 5%
n ‘r ‘v- - I " ' ‘ ' a 'o'. 3 . a, x‘ ' A ‘ u u‘ ".1 ~

0; toe Ciéz<tri n.ix-'tne Tutlifll Les legutxnel by RJltjluul azmnlzlt

' . ‘ V I ~' ‘ a, l -l P ‘. rw" 1 ‘u ‘ u 1 "’l‘u ‘ ‘-" ‘
of a salt AIACUIG, almOSq n>rm;l LFpntJ occurled. Len one

i
O

1‘“
H
. I
cf
0
9.

F1
(3
'4
g

(‘

C"

{‘3‘
O

’75

{\

c+
(D
H
(I)
'“1
H
0

l

per cent connon sslt and l.5 ye-
ced the salt mixture, norzsl growth was also octeined for

three Llontns This indicated that at leust, calcium, sodium
and chlorine are the limiting fcctors in ne teen as fer as
mineral matter was concerned. Tne leaf, is ever, is rich in
“Cd sup

..,
>'
\J

ash and may serve as u

Sure end Reed(l) end Erennen(16) reported an abundance
of fat soluble vitamins in velvet terns. The former authors
obtained norael growth in rats when receiving twenty her cent
of the seed es the sole source of vitamin A. Then the level
was reduced to ten Fer cent inferior growth resulted.

Sure and Reed also found tnst the velvet been use low n
the vitsnin B complex. delmon(l&), in s study of the relction

of sge of the seed to its B Goggle“, found that Q 7) 3 am of

1‘ ’ 4 ‘ ‘2 1 O . f‘ -‘ I " a Iv " . -"‘
beans feu dml y per lad brads of Weisnt

L.“

te

.{4
‘1

4
(D

the recently her
to pigeons, prote cted them fr 2; 30 lyneuritis. Store5e for two
veers resulted in the loss of this factor.

In lQlB Cwing an: Smith( ) stidied th 3di5estibility of

ground vel'et beans with stzers when fed in conoinetion with

corn sile5e end alfalfa hey. Tron the date obtained they cel-

(D

culsted the following co efficients of di estioi lity of t:

sens:

‘ v n -’ ‘5 3 a ’
Dry better - 7C.(Up tner extract - 70.92p
Crude Protein - 73.62p Crude Fiber - 64.38.
K- free Extr. - 86.315 Ash - 58.421

Value of the Velvet been for Tattle

 

Cne of the LQSt in3orte1t edvunteges of this lsgomo crop
is its enormous yield of feed per acre. z"-n inter estin
ple of this is cited by
ride grazed 30 cows half a dcy durin55 27 days nnd then rathe-
red ten Tons of seeds in the pods from
beens.

Green and S n3l {20) reported that the velvet been is on-

ly 50 per cent as valuable as a 3r otein feed as cottonsee

’1‘
CO
C,
C‘
d

r‘ . fl - v‘ “ , ‘- ‘ 2 . p ‘ A 'Qw -“ ~ . , s " s
heal. From tne stand Oint o; ener5j production t :ey er.

*(5

equal. Koore(21) claimed that it is 66 per cent as valuable
as cottonseed meal rhen uStd in the pod for feeding beef cat-
tie.

Temr leton, :ergiison and ?ibbens(2?) also foun’

.,

.‘ - .~ " ' .- -. - r 1 ,5 w; 1 '= ~,.-. . ' . c: '1‘ ~ ,-
seed meal twice as \alubo e for “lie iioduction Us l.o lounge

of velvet bean end pod mesll r=3res enting one go or nd of t e she-
lled bee-n.

The value of the ground ve lvet been as a sujylenent to
cottonseed meal was studied by Citz;atrich(23), Scott(24) end
fiunt(25). lhe bean fed as 66 per cent of the grain mixture
proved more economical for dairy cattle than wheat bran, coco—
nut meal or molasses feed(23). Cons fed a mixture of cotton-
seed meal, vhe«t bran and velvet boar meal prodlced more milk
than when corres ending amounts 0 corn sila e or peanut 131
plus the first two feeds of the notion were fed(24).

dairy heifers, one

,_J
O;
C
cf
0‘
Q
:5
,..J
('1’

According to tests co:

pound of soybean oil meal was equal to two of velvet.beon
l(25).

Read and 3ure(l?) raised three ‘3n’ruthhS of r ts succes-
sfully on a diet consisting of whole milk and velvet bean seed.
Three other generations were reared on a ration consisting of
40 per cent velvet bean hey, 6d per cent stare n end a liberal
supply of skim milk.

In a previous pura5'aph it was observed that feeding ve -
vet bean over a level of 43 per cent, deleterious effects nay
occur and t.et if the 'eans were steamed, 63 per cent of them
was safe(14). This question vas also carefully studied by
other authors(l,15).

Frequently cattle refuses to eat the bean durinfi the first

days of feeding(23), but this can be overcome by mixing it

with other more palatable feeds(25). The seed is very tough
and should be 5round for dairy cows. ine practicability of
this has been studied by several investi5ators. Fwing ana
associates(3) studied the influence of the methods of prepa-
ration of the bean on milk and fat production, and on he
palatability and economy of production. Grinding of the beans
resulted in an increase of 5.57 per cent in milk and 3.94
per cent in the butterfat over the other nethods of prepara-
tion( whole, cracked or cracked and soaked). They concluded
that it pays to grind velvet b ans. Lorrison(4) stated that
it is also practical to soak the whole bean in water for 24
hours. Thing and coworkers accept cracking and soak'ng as eco-
nomical when it can be done at a low cost.

Scott(26) regorted claims that velvet beans cause abor-
tion in cattle and blind sta55ers in horses. "The effects? he

1,

says, "are obtained when they are fed alone, as occurs when

any other protein rich feed is used alone. The trouble can be
avoided by feeding balanced rations."

In contrast to soybeans, the velvet been does not pro-
duce undesirable effects on the milk and its products. Scott
(27) fed two cows heavily on velvet bean demonstratin5 that
there wadiappreciable effect on the melting point, iodine
nunber,~saponification and Reichert-heissl numbers of the but-

terfat produced.

-Summary-

In the study of the literature on velvet beans the follow-
ing characteristics will be found which classify tlem as an
unexcelled le5uue for the tropics(2):

l-It 5rows luxuriantly in poor soil.
2- Yielis lar e amounts of seed.

-It is eaten readily by all anin1 ls.
4—Particular ochtdthU to most conditions.
5-ieavy production of fora33 ancl Ii ttle loss

of leaves durin5 the curin5 proc ss

(D

The future of such a legume for the hot, humid tropical
regions is very gronisin5. Althou5h the studies on velvet bean
have been mostly restricted to its botany and several feeding
tests to determine its value for fern anirels, more informetion
is needed about them.

The seed, home ver, has certain limitations. It contains
an amino acid, dihydroxypnenylalanine, which is toxic to some
animals and to man. It is, however, probably destroyed by

bact rial digestion in the rumen, which makes it a safe feed

The velvet bean, in cozi1cn with other concentrates is also
deficient in calcium, but the situation can be corrected by
the use of wholesome roughu5e, such as the velvet been vines.

Velvet beans are most favorable for milk production when
fed as a meal. Crackin5 and soaking in water for twelve or
twenty four hours is also recomnended if it can be done at a
low cost.

Heavy feeding of velvet bean is unwise since it is not a

balanced food for milk production. Ihen supglemented with feeds

10

of a different nature it coutures favorably with any other

J-

feed on the market.

ll

TH —‘~fi-§.v-1 fl‘ '\ 1W . ". arr. v~ ‘ h m A‘yv I‘ w-T-w- 1‘,—
14 4 J > I (T. f O‘ s. f .4 ‘1 .
(P-1d -J L‘J—‘VJ— VJ. AJ LL4L1.L ....Lt~i kl. X-ALH‘L

.Nn f.r firerrmlnv
4.45.4 is... U .'VJJ‘...-‘ \J‘i

The term "to feed fat into milk" has always been a subject
of great controversy. Steensber5(28) divided the general opin-
ions concerning this question into the Tn5lish and American
group and the fierman, Dutch, Swedish and banish one.

The former group maintain that tee fat per cent of milk
is independent of feeding and that it may increase, but at the
same time milk secretion decreases, so that the total amount
of butterfat remains the same. The latter group claim that cer-
tain feedstuffs have a definite influence upon the percentage
of fat without decreasin5 milk.nr:duction, so that the total
amount of butterfat is increased.

Steensberg attributes the widely differing opinions to
the different methods of experimentation. The $n51ish and
American investigations were of short duration.

anderson and Tilliams(29) cited the works of Stohmann re-
ported in 1666, which has been overlooked by most investigators.
This work shoxed that goats re eiving a fat-poor ration prod-

uced 3d per cent less butterfat than others on high-fat rations.

c+

Wilson and associates(30) demonstrated that he fat per
cent is changed by feed to a greater degree than the amount of
milk. Their data indicate that two-thirds of the increase in

the avere5e 5ross yield of butterfat was due to an ingroved fat

peic enta ;e and only one third to increased xilk flow.

Juretschke(3l) fed about 2.5 kilograms of coconut cake,
rape cake and peanut cake, respectively, per 500 kilograms of
body wei5ht, to different cows receiving a basal ration of
hay, straw, brewer's grain and wheat bran. The additions we re
made in three different periods of 23 days each. Zilk yield
and the amount of fat decreased due to advancin5 lacta tie on,
but it was irre 5ular in the different periods, suggesting a
possible but not clearly defined, beneficial effect of coconut
cake. is concluded, however, that milk secretion is indirectly
affected by feeding and that l.arre a1 ants of dietary fat do
not inc ease butterfat yield.

In 1994 Wood(32) fed three cows pure fat in the form of
cottonseed oil, corn oil, palza oil, coconut oil, leo oil and
stearin durin; different periods. The first effect was an in-
creased fat percent in the milk, which later returned to nor-
mal. Milk production, however, vzas not affected. Speir(38)
obtained results similar to those of 700d.

Sebelien(34) claimed that food has no effect on the rich-
ness of milk provided the cows are properly nourished. He
cited Fleischmann's works to support his views, there it was
shown that variatior1s in the fat content of milk from time to
time on the same ration, were much greater than many chan5es
which had been usei to show tl1e effect of the chan5e in the

diet.

13

Beglarian(35) was of a similar opinion after studying the
effect of linseed oil and ground flaxseed in the ration of cows.

Joxlet(36), however, using emulsified sesame oil, linseed
oil and tallow separately, obtained a marked increase in milk

fat during periods varyinr from four days to

.3

B
:3
LE
(D
H
:3
H
(D
:3

02
cf
J”
O

No account was Lads for milk production. Soxnlet was the first
to show the inadequacy of the quotation "to feed fat into milk".
He believed that increased fat content of milk did not take
place by transmission of food fat into milk, but that it forced
into the milk body fat.

RhodinCZ?) repeated Soxhlet's work using longer periods
(3 to 4 weeks) and obtained results similar to those of Tood(32).
The increase in milk fat was temporary and milk secretion was
not affected.

Heinrieh(39), some years before, however, had shown that
milk fat increased considerably in percentage and total amount,
when coconut cake was fed. In this case the experiment con-
sisted in comparing coconut cake to peanut cake, the former
containing a larger amount of fat. Heinrich also noticed that
individuality of the animal also plays a very important part.

Ia5emann(38) failed to confirm Soxhlet's obse vations.

The effect on milk yield was the same as reported by Wood,
Rhodin and others.
Maercker(40) followed a different procedure. First he fed

cows rations poor in fat and later supplemented them with palm

l4

cake and coconut cake in separate periods. In one case he
used a coconut cake with 30.24 per cent of fat content. From
the results obtained he concluded that the fat content of
milk is markedly influenced by dietary fat, but that on the
other hand, milk production is affected unfavorably. “hen he
fed cochut cake very rich in.fat the increase in butterfat
content was not sufficient to overcome the decrease in milk.
Jordan and Jenter(4l) used a similar procedure. They fed
a cow during 95 days a ration from which almost all the fat
had been extracted. The animal, however, continued to produce
milk similar to that which she yielded when fed a normal ration.
Jordan and associates repeated the above investi5ation(42),
but increased the food fat to 1.4 pounds daily. The results
again showed that the increased dietary fat did not raise milk
fat nor affected milk yield above the normal level for the cow.
Morgan and coworkers(42) using sheep showed that fat in
the food in the form of sesame cake or peanut oil at certain,
definite levels may increase the butterfat content up to a
certain limit, beyond which it varies with the individual. In
an unusual large amount, they say, the fat percent may even
be lowered. K0 mention was made as to.the effect in milk yield,
although it may be ascertained that no chan5e occurred.
Hansscn's extensive works(44) showel the Turopean concept
of this problem. Tis conclusion was that the individuality of

the animal affects markedly the specific effect of any feed.

15

he observed also that palm-nut cake, coconut cake, cottonseed
cake, linseed cake, pea and beans tend to increase milk secre-
tion and fat content. Cn the other hand sesame cake, soybean
cake, corn and roots although having a favorable effect on
milk secretion, tznd to lower its fat per cent slightly.

The experiments conducted by the Jopenhagen 7xperinent
Station(26) are perhaps the most complete in their nature.
farly investigations there, in which coconut cake was compared
to other cakes, showed that althou;h thg increase effected

in butterfat percenta;

-e was slow, by the end of eight weeks
coconut cake had caused an increase of two-tenths of a per
cent. Similar results were secured with palm cakes ant the
rare babassu cake.

The Copenhagei Station also extended a German study in
thic. the importance of feeding fairly fat-rich cakes to in-
crease butterfat production had been emphasized. According to
this work a cow weighing 500 kilograms would have to receive
from one to one and a half kilogram of a cake daily to pro-
duce an increase of one-tenth per cent in milk fat. Due to its
short duration and possible criticisms, the Danish maae the
same study but for a longer period of time.

Your groups of cows were fed the same feeds regarding
energy requirements, but each group received a different mix-
ture of them. The preparatory period and the one after he

e

experimental, which they cal d ”after period", lasted for 56

Y."-
1‘

-lo

the fol

+

fx‘rl'
v -J
'A-.‘

1

L‘ r' f_.
LJuat -h-

.
.4‘35'

a
u .
&-v -).

.

L‘O.

.L-¢ .
1-5.

1

3J :LQO
lo ’
13 “
’3

-

a.)

\J

JI‘

.J“l‘
- 4..
lie

77' ‘I
LA- .b

1*IL

1‘,I)I"‘u "2-)?It
- AA“ _'--
‘

a

D
u

“V"JY“
"JJKJL

ved on

'81

J

3
J

t III re

A
‘JV

-

1")
'0

J 1-.

l

’1
k;

11;:
\l

:+

l, AL‘A U

t4

..~‘.

1K

C

V
m

f co
d i

A
V

f
fe

_ I
-4 3A .1-

:‘HI '

C
l

us.‘

C213

(3,,
E."
t I

c.

,7)
\J

Lo

:t r

11:03

fl
\J

rat 1
If Of th

4
.L
,

l

O

nut

T

J.

an cuk

c..‘ x "a c.

.1;

4..

1315 Cf

I
(

3-in
U-

I

1
.L

.l

-,- .
a I

' \A i \AAL

Ll

vel

., 4
Bl

_/
\ 4

III that re

‘

(21111

fircups II

gher in

%a
-‘h

T1 2'.) £3
~J “1

-AJ-

7

first t

t"
.‘r:/

-
1 V‘
*5-

‘L*cjs

vever,

I

hot I, ho'

‘I’I‘.

fl f”? P i x

.;
‘L.

II

II and

Lots

1"

oin

5‘

l .

re,

‘
r“ A r‘
neref-

.5.
L;

((2
.2
,

(
(.3

r]

E u

m:
.L

t

.1
L‘sA

N‘ Vf
-12....

Th 5‘
I.

"H '1
‘1
‘L -

a

onut

I

C J' 0

16h

of

.J. I

l
(

;
LI

1"

I)
~J

a

C

.
n

unts of t?

2.130

(
(

17

known to affect butter quality.

There was no explanation as to the nature of th produc-
tion of more fat, although there is supposed to exist a
favourable relationship between the fats present in the feeds
studied and the milk.

Steensberg clal: zed that there are other feeds pro ducing
similar results, althou: 3h not as pronounced. nyebran_increased
fat per cent in some cows from 4.1 per cent to 4.6 and in others

from 4.3 to 4.6 per cent. Soybean cake and crttonseed cake
and peas also belong to this group. Sunflower cake, corn and

oats decrease the fat content of milk. Steensberg observes that

ct-

studies in tennark s lo:ve d hat sesam e cake as the sole source
of grain in the ration decre sed fat percentage from 3.79 to
3.05.
Very little progress was made in inerica on the problem
of the relation of dietary fat to milk production fro"1190l
to 1920. however, cor side rable research has been made since.
W011(45) tested the effect of coconut meal with cows. His
results showed that sometimes it may act favorably on the per
cent of fat in the milk, but not a ways. He could raise it
with a heavy allowznce of a coconut meal containing eight per
cent fat, but on the other hand milk production was decreased.
Then carried to a common basis, i.e., the total digesti ble

nutrients required per pound of butterfat

i.)

roduced, coconut

meal was infe erior t;' the control ratior.

18

gaynard and Lcoay(4o) replaced the fat of the ration of
four cows by an isodynanic amount of starch d rin3 a thirty
day period. In contrast to the esults of certain investiga-
tors, no effect was noticed in the per cent of milk fat, but
milk se retion was depressed.

Sheehy(47) re10rted e: {tensi‘e works done in Ireland
witn different oils replacing equiralent wiounts of feed in
the dairy :ations. The data showed that such treatment had no
permanent influence on milk secretion nor on butterfat percent-

a e in most cases and as had been reported before(43), that

an excess oils may have a depressing effect if fed continuously
for several days. According to Sheehy a maintenance ration
containing 0.44 pound of fat with a production ration supn plying
1.8 per cent more, maximum yield of butterfat ca n be supports
Allen(48) used a different motto of studying the pro-
blem. _ Ht al of fee ing fats of vegetable origin, he used
milk and cream plus the basal ration. The animals, therefore,
received fats of the o'ne constitution as that which they pro-
duced. fillen's object was to test the immediate effect of
food on the milk produced. Consequently, The experimental
periods lasted only six days. Eat percentage in milk under
this treatment increased markedly twenty-four hours after the
first fee ding of milk or cream. Skim milk produced no effect,
thus showing tue inportance of the fat itself. However, less

than 23 oer cent of the butterfat fed was recovered in the
J.

milk. As to the effect on milk production no conclusions are
derived.

The possibility of a deficiency of productive energy in
low fat rations was eliminated by Bender and Xaynard(4§).

inint an overabundance

"
-J

They fed experimental goats a diet cont

(‘5

Of proteins and enegy, bUt only 0.45 per cent ether extract.
The tests lasted from 15 to 40 davs durinn which a decrease
d , Q 4

in milk secretion and butterfat ield of 35 per cent to 70

k:

“3

per cent occurred. substituting this ration or one vi h seven
per cent ether extract caused the yield of milk and fat to in-
crease. linseed oil and coconut oil replacing eduivalent
amounts of starch, alS' caused the decrease in milk yield to
stop and then to rise slightly.

maynard and loos (50) reported similar results with cows.
Later Yilliams and Kaynard(51), while studying the effect of
dietary fat on the blood lipids of lactating goats, again
confirmed the depressing effect of fat-free rations on butter-
fat yield. Butter oil and coconut oil, moreover, increased its
percentage, while milk secretion was maintained.

Sheehy(52), in contrast to most investigators, did not
observe any faVorable effect b} feeding high fat rations to
cows. His data s owed that neither olive, linseed, cottonseed,
coconut, peanut, palm nut, soybean and spern oil, nor beef
fat had any specific relation to butterfat. Palm nut, cotton-

seed and linseed cakes responded in a similar nanner, even if

cc wn l ided from his study of

(D

fed up to six pounds izHily

In fi.ld that "because one

in tni

f)
U:
0’)
K

the numerous invest igati ,
or more cows occasionally resipond to certain feeds by na ay of
an increase or a decrease of butterfat, there is no proof of
a specific quantitative effect of feeds on butterfat.’

Lllen's work is one of the most recent on this problem(53).
The investigation was a continuation from a previous one(48),
but besides butterfat, lard, tallow, linseed oil, cottonseed
oil, corn oil, peanut oil, soybean oil and coconut oil were
also used individually. The res lts showed a favorable effect
on the fat content of milk re L; Hrdl es of the breed, stage Of

lactation, milk yield or season of the year. The tests, hov-

(D
H)

ever, dealt with the i-m edit t ‘fect of heavy fat feeding
and are not reliable when applied to long-tine results.
Lanzilotti(54) claimed that there is a favorable effect
produced on both milk and fat by feeding oil cakes. Lynn(55)
was of the same opinion. ioncamp and concrkers(56) stated
that there is some increase in fat per cent by feeding coco-
nut and other cakes, but that there is no proportionality
between the dietary fat and the fat content or the yield of
milk. Busc “a nn(57) on the other hand, failed to find any 'l-
teration in the fat content of milk by a similar procedure.
A larg e amount of oil, however, decreased it slightly. Erower

(58) and Schmidt and Vogel(59) were of the opinion that there

is an increase in fat yield due to feeding fat rich feeds.

Koczarski and bormann(do) Claimed tlat although milk production
is not affected, fat yield is lowered by an excess of food fat

in the form of rape cake.

—;nnmuari-

The review of literature indicates that dietary fat is
an essential nutrient in the diet of lactating animals. This
was observed by Stchmann(29) as early as 1866. haynari and
coworkers(éd,49,5d,5l)confirmed the necessity of fats in the
ration in recen works.

An excess of f~t may depress butterfat yield. Juretschke
(3l).was the first to make this observation. Laercker(4o) fed
coconut cake with a content of 30.24 per cent of fat and milk
secretion decreased. Similar results were secured by Euschmann
(57) and Loczarski and hornann{ed).

Turopean investigstors claim that the feeding of cakes
rich in fat increases milk and butterfat yield. In the Scandin-

avian and other Turopean countries, however, exceptions to

J

that View have been rep'rted, as may be seen from the works

I“

(

of Juretschke(3l), 3peir(33), 3ebelien(34), Eeglarian(35),
Lagemann(58), Euschmann(57) and Loczersgi ani Eormann(63). The
exceptions, however, Can not be acCegted as conclusive

because data on the length of the experiaental periods has not

been obtained. The le ngth of the

a 4.. ." ‘o ‘ ~‘ "‘..~ . ,- ‘+.
11.: portant, SlszB vermull lll'rfiii.ul

ni te increase

in butterfat 5 ed;

’3. ,--‘ t Y':;:1*‘* r‘xf l‘ens'. “f f: t 9333"?" Y ‘7
Llfi‘il Il'varnb V lixxLAVv vi J-KI‘I‘JLALU.

of the relatior of food fat to n:_n

’ ‘v .‘v-'. ‘.0+ "‘0". "y‘If-‘I‘
for the lmmCdlcbe eifect uric”

rroblem of in reusing butterfat

yield of an animal bf feedirv certai»

-‘ x “ ‘r‘c . J- “
ine study Lane a. the

only exanple of such an att mp

‘- l‘ . " ‘ .1" l ‘ ' V" ‘ + I
certain fee 5 SuCJ as cdcenut c~

JOII‘:I.L:!. }Ji €11

decided fave uralle effect on butt

cake, corn,

sunfloxer ca~e and e

experin

iCtl

1

v

V

it; b; ‘.;A_/.

fl

Their

-4-
V
8.- -z-

is

- .—.4- ' V.
.L vlC“.
I"
IA-IK:‘I‘:: -\‘.J.
.L o ,2 '
V J. '3‘: .«
I V! L I \
\.‘ I U-AI (’
{‘er
'3 -’" .
Fit. d: , h
n W '7 t
A. U L,

f. Q I 1
. l «~F
k7: thgj ll’lt‘f'u

is

7‘0“? 7

l, ‘4‘ .‘ '.L|

r-n ‘. 4» r.

‘$ t.—.1 LJ k4
~ H 7 7r
r .&

I‘t‘. Salt 8 ll’Jll

l V
1'9'

ii. J-‘-;“b
5.4

y x

t

very

fi."- «17- *r ..~]-ry-“ . y~v

'xT.“'
. u . ' ".41\
l«-as ‘JA‘uLAI. 1-0.3.-..J-l IVA» L

W": ff;7\’ 1r. ‘3 P“ mrT—v—g ??1.rh'j‘:|Ii ofi-‘rm
.Lv~-- Vv... U4. J.A;.I 4«s.~_.4.5 ‘IA JA‘L

_.

he objects of his investigation are as fellows:

To determine the value of a trejical

4

vet beans} for Hill

I

H:
(I)
(D
{L
H.
D

LT";
U)
(‘1-

C
Pb
H
<
D
l-J

0.1

(«‘1
~— . . V- ~ , . -r"‘ -—v-I - g q‘n . w ,i_-,. 1. , . -_
l ‘ w 1" ' , u ‘ ~ ./ 'f'
-‘J.V‘;I '\ .5 $.- 4 JJX... I‘lio-A —LI‘

 

7" . m}. W. .4-.
nulte cf Gulmmls used- luree eiperinenta:

 

obtained will be analyzed from the s

ed mi k, the breed of the chincls

great concern.

or;
Al

trols. They are, in nuuerical order,

‘ : '~ a i , I r" . I‘ 'Y‘ '
Tne pur_ose of usin; t ese aglJNLS n

‘v- . - -" w -, i - .O I'\ -, w . 'i r; ' V . --‘ /
tiielr TQCLI‘I'UI) Cf 'lef'i II Lick; {3 Uhd H.313
tne data secured from the excerinent

ee11 otlner IiiiuiI%:ieiits, irjwe +:r, :weut

 

J- . a It‘vv ' '1' . " . ' ‘ ‘V ’- ‘ r» -, "
effects, MUchG , WAlCJ may Le unurl

ihey f 3"uen;d dirin ' late fall within a

L»)
‘ “ ‘ ‘ I’ . fl f‘ .* . ~ ~ —
Since tn; date will be collected ;*o

test nude of tie ir milk, freshenin

on the outcome of the €X"Prlmuht the conditions,

will be very uniform in this resyect

dairy heifers Will be used. Two of th-

::Clu)te Pin.

. 3 ‘7’ H' "'"\ a -Y' +‘. -.
eSiues tween tin CJJS, three no

two—year old

1
U
i
L)
' t

i:
(n ‘
O

a”
Kw

‘ . - - - ‘v —\ - , -,-_-‘ — -. - ‘\‘.'-.."‘~ A. ,. ‘ A . . rv'il ‘ "' ‘

main 94wht ail enVLc'dm:nt- lll tn: animeis ulll we
v , a ‘. . a V “ - u ‘ W q ‘ ’3 'qfi. ‘V -‘ ‘ .— ., v 1‘
noused in the _airy experinentai bnrn ani will re eite tie

3' “' ‘ '."‘ C ‘_‘ n.‘ ‘0 - .... o " . o '1 1-,‘~»
sane treatment. nilkihb tiles, leedina exerCise 31 i be ne;t

 

w—s ‘
3n1'3 use/l
_~----*
. 9‘ up“ ‘. ~1' 1‘ ‘ H 11- “ Ah": 1| #1 v L‘, ’11 .
J lioniu (3‘7- 1-13 .iqu t .J‘; ...lL L)? Lloq‘i Ll 1'1 oil“, \34 31‘1-

 

- . ' _. .-,.,, . . .. x ,. .. ,- 7 ...-- - ,. ..-.

.rant is a s;tinil cittinb, Ini_ser one zms‘to leu‘iness rixit r
-, .. _‘1 _‘ “r l i .....g . ... ....~-i , (IT, .- ' . (.4.‘ .‘ 4

tan as to Color. its cinnical cun.osition odd thQOblblC

-,‘ _, a a - ., r" - .. + - ..-.,2'..— .
nutrien 3 mix ICJUTJBJ in ladle i of t-- likendii. he fro-

‘ I ' A ‘, “ ‘ —‘— \‘_ I - i O -' W 0 V." I I . V ’ 1.. _ 1
ictive ene: y or scared egu Veient U; tnis “a; unen cs;-

, j I 1 _' ’1" g. - p“: .-. _ Q. ‘_‘ \ ‘1 -~_'_.‘ ‘_ f -‘ . ‘ '7 ‘

Cblbteu accorui....Q to t.e liblret oi -ufls;‘2), is w3 per cent

. ,. .. 4. . .' _ ' .. ,- A

and tn this bUSis were tnU re
. . ','~ . ‘ ‘ A‘ - , + y‘ 'T‘ s r . ‘ v P . ' , \fi fi ‘ ‘ a . "\ 'v- ~ .

enizngls caticiix tea. ins x;.n_tx31titni or ‘tne (13M ;&u3 folnui to

b

(D

‘77 'f\“ n ".r‘t ‘- ‘ -’)':1- ‘ 1-44 rfien r“- ~t w‘S‘ c-vrv‘ch-n‘a f'Y"..:‘ Q (WEI. 7‘07“
OOvU l.‘._: \xriz.‘ 'Jd-~bl‘~/‘--a¢, J. '. "j.L (11:; .L -L‘J\¥.|.‘--\}$ IJS (lll'i .L’,\J—& -,.,1_..

.
tr. ... _.\ . ,V
.r. '... I 'f-
LAALJ .L‘»; S u‘IL.

O
*‘5

low in fat convent that

7‘
k L)
U)
3)
(D
L”;
(+
H .
(I)
‘ b
C.)
I L)
,. Al
F4
U)
U)

\

I ”1' V"
LS pq’lil L.’

‘ u u - .
:1‘ ~ . ' “r r‘ ‘3 r”) ,‘.‘I 3‘ bj :.‘.~ "‘H- ." 's‘ ' .. “I Z"- ‘7 ' -.-. a“ t ‘\ ~ ‘ d 1" ..‘n I :‘v
tgA‘-j LJML I L(l.lt l L) IA?! .—'.-. 1. .1. .L _' 0 “‘.'v-‘. J'VVDI‘ Lr V: I» J. I“ .4. .-U ,7 t _1_7‘, -'L‘\..'.. 13.0

 

(3‘1. ' ‘ VI ’A ‘F‘. 1 1 J‘-."‘I‘1' -\ vv. ' ""‘n. . 1- fi- ‘ - ". "n '-t 1.
VL‘OICIE- luLAl ‘3 “V‘L-L UL‘ILCJLL ‘v' l,.\Alle‘1111 t IQ L11tl-e (\"l nu I 1-
fl
.
1 V - I q - ‘ \
7‘.“- (N A _ l --‘ ~ we t - . j , .-‘ - A > V — an ) l- 1: {‘3- {j 7.“. l ,9-
'33.;ng ‘ (3.1.. l 1 “ “3 -Q L 3L: ..‘-..:LF};L LO k I xx 4 «is. 11“-" V: \‘Z. 0 4...}. U~Ir ‘A‘l-fi-AL
V a ' ‘ r3 - f‘ ‘ ‘
‘Q ‘q t q - I, ’3‘ L r 1—.-7 [I ,_ ‘ r~ll“* . —9 . J , ~ . t J 1 {330(91
Hqc‘e lr‘fl AK) ‘ J‘- L 3 .2st \1 "I“ i’j J‘iiA‘Q ‘K‘ .1 L14 J. I‘ k .1. Asp-3, 1‘.) ‘21L21!N4

Fl
:1
cf
:.
I
(1
F-
l
k-
t"
D
L\
E
r”!
(V
p.
F.)
('1‘
(‘
C,
u
H
kl
(P
C
'3
H
(\
r
0
o

 

.
(\1rr ,243-11 f“: ' :1...1_
_ .r’ 3 kathn v' .L ..AA La‘.
Al _‘ .— ~
,. v -‘_ - ‘I_. ___ ‘_ {‘Y.‘ - - - .
SILI/ 4‘ ‘lllae I-Lt lelo L‘;l 61L 1 x:

 

‘4

Q

from congel'

t)“;

\U
'\

OperL ti; n c‘5

' .L

*3 {C
L-

93.1385“

Mlity usel a

3 N F.J_ '11‘.

Cu

n3trients

as for say 3am 01; m?

otner fee The starch

the fellner figures

di estible nutrie

J
Lorrison.

to the

Accordin3

_ , n r
L - -73 O O I"
‘3' 4, I ‘ r “I .-‘
“-'-l - J _‘ ‘_J
b ‘u ‘3
, W - . ‘
3 ‘v‘ 91.1. LL ‘3
',‘_ r1 1 L?
y / o .L \J

Bibli‘fu

centeL

an al cwcnce of six pounds 3
teLths of a poind Lf th whmr
aqirements 0 an average cew.

I
1 '3
I
I‘-
\w

‘10 If] '
1.1L) {11“. t

. 21:13 41's}
S.-‘4.-L‘:i Le

p-wt +
.1 L4. VUA. .4
LL 3+, 1 -
553:. L11“) U. l
J "r ,. 4"
b-1460 .L
I‘ 1’3;wa
v\.1.$U.
rm .3. ,.
lx—"vL tJ
Lad-ALCiAJ- x; 4

nts is sli3~tly 13

for be:u11ueal(6

r.‘
)0 4L
3%
VJ;

~ ‘

.L S
-‘\_I (‘
4:4 b.)

’9 U_$‘:'-;
int. Its 031
L T3318 1 of
t‘i":'.1, CulCLll‘r
tLe antrc;
“131335.311“; 31.3
13 Jrf‘ve:-’ll}r.

1 ‘
stLqLLea 3:48
:ws ed mitt
8. L10 t3}; ,
LJ'iS. f. 0331.9
arigant fitLt

TXtTLz”

‘1‘“‘11?
.:’.‘- J
,

“Q t

a

n ;: LL

T’I t f
.A .
”\P
'.J I)...
A

12" '3
SLt-b

f d‘
C“)
o .LAA

LA

- K:—

POP,—
VV
IV“
- .z—
LA".
~gq~
. ’38

 

“Aha ' Y ‘1 c 1 + I ’ fl ‘7 f3 3‘ \ v 3
.4 0 / - l 4 ‘# -‘ " v0, \
.4\ --\J 4.;JLAL. I. L -1- \J n-1—h t r L431. .....- 1“.) 1+4. ‘ f I Lgt-..)
‘l w _ __ D ‘
r "‘ 0 I" q C‘ it t C ‘ ‘ ‘ ,‘ P] f. ,“1 1 l r 0 t1 r V f y n 1 r V} f
L‘JC-L CAXAA L)» J‘ uh} ‘1 r in‘vle CLLIO 1.: C -’ ‘V . h... id, 1/; f
,a, w' 1 w“ \V‘i 1r A ,3 “' )
--CA Oaiki v---LJ er'l '4 4 l.-.
”7833': s 7‘1 a v1
- .44.- A L J .L-.

 

-ne Des may ;i studying tue f4UCtl$h of s nutrient is
. ,. -. .,.. —. - .: . ..., , :- ,. J» .‘ .L‘. . . 1, - ..- -.. . 1 ‘ J». 1, , ....
to de eiLiLe first “net eifects tue dqunLe cf tdnb suustance
' . . ‘ ' _ ‘ a r ‘ ‘ ’ ..., o " . -‘ " v r.- ' ‘ ‘ p ‘. ’ x" .‘ o - 'I ‘
Elli EfJUuCe in tne unlmgl 333;. 331* Viii be Legt in mine

the Lost Importsnt Ice; in the ezperizyxent. After this “Slit

‘ V
A

U)

{1

~

nss been reached,

cf-

ne fa orsbie effects predicef by the afliit'en

of he nutrient in 1aestisn will b: observe} in the ex

0 :1
o
H
d
w
(IN
V
m
C)

=f siniicity and Leeurscy t*e experigentei

period will be dividei L: into twg stL;es, outiined Ls fell; 5:

 

Ilirt i - ‘ Lihiiffiz fv‘3lir.‘— -ng tzgree €3xlneri.. nttLl
cons will receive Li L; e hey freely acceriin; t3 their nutri-
tive 11yleireLeLtsh Exn3innirggz;t tVeir iixaskw-i:¢;xlste. . lace
t.€y de tern fel frum an evriy 3‘3 3n 33y, L: --Jor C‘333e
union any effect eaa~iim:”t31 resqlts nun be eue~tnter3i. :u

1 I

aiaition t3 hay esen CUW will raegive lJJ gans sf bane ;fiul
and lJJ grams of comLCn ssit.

L rutiQL of ulfeifa hey a7one, gsrtics;urly tflen Hf *‘*h
Qusiity as will be uged fer the 3X3erinent, can Leet the

A1.“- “\ *v“‘ 1 u \.,'n “ .' '. n “.4" ‘1 \~- . 1 h-t‘ .w '7 . '
rexeirements of ohlmuib 53tis,nstsriiv ;s;e01uiiy l; tee? are

». 4-- - " "I -,.L ,1 3 r . j. , ,r .‘,+.-.
Content Of SQCJ e iaticn will pr- cLly ceplcte tffl BSthuldl
u . .“ \ ; .~ .‘ ‘ .p ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘l .. " I N I I“ - - f '\ 3 ~ ‘
fatty cCldS sterei in t1; Lccy. :rcm tnis uptlbn uhu suc-

sequent effects of fat feeling tie telue cf this net“ “It

The alfalfa terisd will lss until the cows mane drejped

~ : , ,. - - ‘ . 1. ..,. -.. . ‘ ' - . - . , ,4 a
in miln proiucticn, s: tdat hJ time SpaOlflCuthnS Cgt Le

— a 3. .n '., fl , w -.
lurt :— .lfulzs 21‘ turcw leeding- - ~ degies—
“u.

 

- V‘ fl - 1 ‘ ' ‘ n ’ ‘ n .A J “ ‘ ‘ ’ E 1 - -1 4 ~, _ . 1 . ' I ‘ 1 ’I a . ,~"-. 1" _
sicn oi miin se3r:timn in mud egzefleMtdl animulb 5;; no 3

(u
3
“b
H)
[w
d
’«J
:3

two possibilities: Either it is rue to the absenc

EIBILy, or to s cogbinstisn cf b;th. Lince one of the objects
of thy experiient is to studv the necessity of dietsrv fat by
tie lactating animal, all other asiects should be nor;cl.

Juring this part of Ieriod I the slicesnce of procuctive

0,. '{Y L" --l'/”\V| ni-
lc-t ‘igtC‘;{e. - ll Soap“:

04

,\ . ' V . » .- -‘ --~ r: I‘ . I x A r -‘ ,‘ ~14. ‘
enerpy Will e lDCTdubvu witnout alt -ln

t)

a Lurgose ccrn starch will be fed in eciition to the average

quantity of hey the cows are receiving, plus the mineral sut—

plsxents. Alfalfa 81‘1d steic h feeding will last for fifteen days.
Part C- Llfalfu end sgybecn oil Keel feediEr-

The possibility of a deficiency in the quality or the quantity

of pretein in eke will be el'minated in this stage. Tor such

a pureose scybeen oil ecul(solwent process) containing

J:

cw
<1
‘1

PS

......
*4
C:

Q

low amount of fat will used. A snail yropertien of the

oil

T1

.~’ t ;
I
l \ A

K'

i
v

co
'W U

.
VIA

NJ

r

I
k k

1

4‘ r‘ v .
Ut‘ Jll “

Q
L.)

i

with

,
A N r n l“
3.3 L .L U a. "i ’J

—‘

W 1

3
r e
.—

ad

M
1\
.s

.- a
[nu
b, LIAI- ‘J

' "A,
..r.

y

be t

Q
will
tensnee

nt
will
air

.3
r:

Y
a

Tti

.
d
O
\
v»~
I*"‘ *.
vizi.‘

finite, but

3f
l
W
for

‘,

+-
U

CE

C C
e

de
e

CS

«C1
,

be
r
r

l

t :

A.

1

L1 I‘

not
con
he“
‘7\
r

m. is; a y s

.3

l»-
A»)

treutgent,

ill
8:
t‘JiS

v
I

«
a

\J

t i
“D :
‘1”1'
‘ {31‘

,H.‘

-..;(A
*1

I.
‘1»

q

'f‘}
11
:11 S .

a
r
‘-

rfor
is.

.-
- fin.

’3‘
Q

q

wrlue Cf t2

V‘—L¢-.k
n- ,-
lee

'- 1

hi

raw

gfl fi-l
(A-J....¢..L«‘

of t
ent frr
V p t b i

q

t
werf

V SJ.

1.

4
d s
041’!
1"

l

A

D I.
II
D

N
‘

U1- ‘3

a

ct}
etion.

rements o

t,
+1
L
J!

1

~und

l

' J.

AA‘J ‘

(-

,;'_. 7'
In

\“I
HA.

‘Pr

1

‘7‘

.L"

"J

J

1? 4

It is
“ct;
1111»-

re;

‘1
OJ.

‘l

l7!

tegporery increus

l
of

v o

one H2861

”.-
'dnl...
flat

l
:1
'4:
pet
ditel

se on ti

V

ll be r
t

.V_

=u
ere s

w'i
O ‘3

"‘

this treat

nutrient,
Of the

SW." “‘8 0

tie
SJ

V

determined by

.Tv
a;

.344.

ter appreciation of the e

'7 3
'..-Is]

Lll other conditions will be cLuel to those of Ieriod I.

 

1‘, ”T. '1“_t I- 1'..“Y "x“ “2 11" 1".) "'3Y\+ F‘f I") V W—l}
J.-1.—~$ "J U l t . 'iuiLJ IKLKJJJ. ‘.A I‘L—L u I Xx.'-- -~ V L) J ai‘A—h

fat nroduction- Labcock tests will be made of each three-
day congosite sem?le of milk. Tron this figure ens the average
milk production for tie sane tine, the butterfat produced and
4% Fat-corrected silk will be calculated. Tat-corrected milk
will be calculated according to the established equation
(Lilk produced X 0.4) plus (Lbs. butterfat x 15).
Graphs will be prepared to snow the variations in fet

percentage and production of Fat-corre,ted milk for every six-

 

dey feriod instead of three day oner. This will Show the chen-
5es more markedly.

Weight of the eninnls- Tvery anixal will be meighei daily
at eight o'clock in.the morning uni the siersge for three days

which coincide with the Bubcock tests, will be used as tne fi-

’W

ure for that jeriod. urspns will also be fresented for ‘Re

C32

0 fl ‘ ‘
Six-osy averages.

fir

LalculttiCIiixf the feed IVr

54

.-..” . r1 ‘-'-. . '..
Ull“fipfli s- lin3<1i_estitjxe ITO‘

y

tein and total digestible nutrients reiiired for each t ree-dey

El

tpnted in two ways; ncccrding

¥<
;.

period by every cow will be c.

V

to the Iorrison standards(i) and as stereo e1uivalents as given
by '.‘Iood(69). This step will serve only as a 5‘dide, since care
will be taken to supply a.*1 cverabun -1'nce of energy.

Feed records- The daily f: od inM will be recorded fc

 

each animal and this converted to eier5y and T.J.H. equivalent.

Body measwrenents- Yeekly néesicemert of the barrel

_

 

m
* 3
LT

0
CI
.4
...:
} J
(t

(depth, Width and circnxference) will be taken cl
use d will be the centinjter to record the chan5es nsre ef-;
ficiently. The object is to deternine the effect of feeding

‘

5rain and nay versus hay aioie on the barrel calacity of the

animal.

Physical condition- he5dlar notes will be made of the health

 

and condition of the animals to determine the ectign t“ut each
one of tr e feeds may have.

‘ualitative t st for acetone b:W1i es_in the urine will also

 

0

be made weekly for each aninal accordinr t the method described

by Hawk and E r5eim(67). iiie urine samples will be taken during
the early mornin5 or in the evenir5 before the last milking of

the day. The object of these tests is to determi.e any possible

relation betv.een feedin5 and ketcsis.

C Q
10

PROCDDURE FCLLCTTJ

The skyeriment is described chronologiCally in Table II
of the fippendix. It differed in length with each cow due to
her individuality. The chan e fron cne period to not1er wa s
decided by the depression in milk seczeticn; conse1,ently
some cows reiu aired a lcn5er tixie to show the effects of fat
deficiency tjan oth rs. Nunber 77, for example, needed only
three weeks, while no. 76 required nearly a month and a half
of soybean oil meal feedin5.

Almost every step stated in the plan of the wor was
carried out. however, tOVJardS M later part of the soybean
oil meal feedin5 pe iod it was decided to deternine the ef-
fect of the grains on the character of the feces from each
cow. A method rrev'C1sly reported(68) was used. a Jeral ce-
terninaticns were made irrespective of do tes, but alvays at
the same tine of the day. nn avera5e of these determinations

\

n eacn feed was used as the re resentative figure. The charac-

O

ter of the feces was not determined until the cows had re-
ceived the experiner ital feed at least seven days.

Wests were also perforned for the flavor of the milk pro-
duced during the soybean meal and velvet bean feedin
respectively. The results are not tabul M 1 since only one

t

pg

L 1

h

b

p)
”a

CD

0

L1)

st in each perioc

The conditions under which the ex cri ment was carried out

(D

w re normal t1.roa5hout all tile reriods, except d1rin5 the time

between March 8 and npril 4, wb en coxvs 77, 78 and 267 were

fed a hay of poor quality by mistake. The effects were noticed

immediately as indicated by the records.

fir-D fi' - v H "{ -' —.—‘ .'j fr. -.
4 . ..
LIL; .3 x 1.4;-» .1.--“ f4. vaulJ

The dete collected durin5 tie course of the experiment
is presented in the Lpoendix in the form of tables and 5repls.
Cnly the last twelve deys o- the elfelfe period er included
in the discussion of the results to eliminate the possibili-
ty that stored factors durin5 pregnancy may here bed on the

outc one of the experiment.

Lilk lroduction

 

Tables III , IV and V present the milk records of cows Ho.
76, 77 end 267, respectively. Tables VI, VII end VIII show the
performance of t;e three ontrol eniLols. Koreover, ri5ures I
and II present it in 5repnicel form for the experinentel ani-
mals and for the control cows, res7e ctively. Ln analysts of the
date is presented.

Cow 76- $11k produced by cow 76 dt2rin5 the first pert of

 

Feriod I(Llfalfa feeding) emrunted to 333.2 pounds or en ever-
e5e of 27.7 pounds for a tw elve day period. Durin5 part B

which lasted fifteen der this eniaol produced 333.1 pounls of

CQ

#3

milk 0? “H eVSTUSS Of 26.1 POUDdS per day. There was a sadden
increase in milk yield followin5 the chan5e to alfalfa and

+A ,. 4 ~
ter three or fou rays, d1e

starch, but protection dropped a

eitfier to the unpalatabi ility of the starch or to fat deficien-

cy. L change to starch and 5lucose feeding durin5 the last

six days of the period, did not iwprove 1111 yield, however,

thus snowin5 that nnpalatability was not the factor in question.
Luring part C cow 76 prodaced 1112.5 pounds of milk or

an avera5e of 26.5 ;o Junds daily for 42 days. There was a sud~

den increase in milk prod1ction also, but this time it was

sustained for a lon5er pe‘iod than with starch. By the end of

the fifteenth day of soybean oil heal feeding, or the seve.-

.‘

tietn of lactation, milk yie11 drop pe, ed slirdtly and t on re-
nained at a uni orn l vel until the end of the period. Several
factors may have influenced milk prcc luction in this period.
The marked increase in Irotzin intake and decreased rc a5e

allowance may have een the most important.

Period II or tne velvet-bean stage lasted only twelve

4

da's due to the development of ketosks in the uninal. fifter

k

this time the cow dropped markedly in milk yield and velvet

bean feeding had to be stop fed. she was then fed su5ar and re-

A

1

covered in a few days. fiilx yield also returnoi to-normwl.
Ho conclusions as to the real value of the velvet bean can
be derived from the results with this cow. It is sh wn, how-
ever, that there is an unknown factor in the feed or in the

individual which has to do with he “ctabolisu of carbohydrates

La
U1

Cow 77- hilk produced by cow 77 during part A of Period
I am'unted to 257.? pounds or an avera5e of 21.4 pounds daily
for twelve days. The milk production graph for this animal
shows the same configuration as that of cow 76. Iaximum yield
occurred at the middle of the period and then dropped to twenty
pounds of milk daily towards the end.

.‘

The change to starch or to glucose and sta ch feeding
exerted no influence, however. Iroduction decreased slightly
during this stage, the average being 20.1 pounds daily for the
fifteen days.

soybean oil meal caused a sli5ht increase in yield.
Luring the fifteen days of this third part of period I, cow 77
produced 320.1 pounds of milk or an avera5e of 21 pounds daily.

Her response to velvet bean feeding may be consudered as
insignificant also, as far as milk yield is concerned. During
this period cow 77 produced 843.2 pounds of milk or an average
of 20 pounds daily for the forty-two days that velvet been
feeding lasted. Txception must be taken, however, to the dele-
terious effects produced by the change to poor hay feeding
during the last days of the experiment. After the animal was
changed back to the former hay used, milk yield increased to
normal. an increa e of the velvet bean allowance towards the
middle of the period caused a slight increase in milk yield.

Contrary to the effects produced in cow 76, cow 77 showed no

abnormality from such a heavy feeding of velvet bean.

Ca
Ca

Cow 267- Milk produced by cow 267 during the first part
of Ieriod I amounted to 373. pounds or 26.0 pounds daily for
the twelve days. The effect of starch feeding was similar to
that produced in cow 76. Glucose and starch feeding, moreover,
did not halt the decrease in milk production.

By the end of the forty-forth day of lactation cow 267
was changed to soybean oil meal and alfalfa. during this
period she produced 846.2 pounds of milk or 25.6 pounds daily
during the 33 days it lasted. The effect of this change may be
noticed in Table V. Milk production in this case followed a
similar course to that of cow 76, with a sudden increase after
the change. High yield was maintained for eighteen days, but
it dropped down afterwards to 22 pounds by the end of the
period.

The effect of velvet bean feeding on milk production was
more favorable in case of this cow than in case of the other
two. She produced 773.4 pounds of milk or an average of 25.8
pounds daily during thirty days. Txception must be taken also
for the effects produced by the change to poor hay. The data
shows, however, that before this alteration, milk production
had increased to a higher level than on any occassion during

soybean oil meal feeding.

Milk produced by §§§”£23£33}§7 Tables VI, VII and VIII

 

and Figure II present the data on the milk produced by cows 76,

D5 and A15. They show the norms performance of animals fed

37

the same ration throughout a period of three months and a half,

in contrast to that of animals receiving deficient rations.

Percentago.gni_yield of Eutterfat

 

 

Tables III, IV and V and figure III present data relative
to percentage and yield of butterfat of the animals used in
this investigation.

Cow 76- The average fat percentage for cow 76 during part
A of Period I was 4.3. During the starch feeding period it
dropped to an average of 3.92 per cent. Soybean oil meal feed-
ing, however, increased it to 4.32 per cent. Velvet bean feed-
ing caused a favorable change by increasing it to 4.52 per cent.
This indicates, therefore, a superiority of velvet beans,
but the feeding periodeas so short in case of this cow that
the results may not be significant.

Eutterfat yield followed the trend in percentage. Cow 76
produced an average of 1.20 pounds of fat daily during part i
of Period I. During part 3 she produced one pound daily. 30‘—
bean oil meal increased the yield to l.lO pounds daily. Fat
production was no greater daring the velvet bean meal period
than during the soybean oil meal period.

Yield of Four percent—Fat corrected milk is also p esented
in Table II for cow 76 and graphically in Figure I. he graph

shows that there was a gradual decrease in fat-corrected milk

during the alfalfa hay period. A marked drop, however, oo-

.1)

{.14

(l)

m

C

C.
I

curred during starch feeding. Soybean oil meal produc,

den increase for the first twelve days, but it dropped down
to a uniform level to the end of the period. Velvet beans
showed no increase over that of the previous period, although
it lasted for twelve days only.

ercentage for cow 77 during the

cf
hi

Cow 77- The average fa
first part of Period I was 4.85. During the starch feeding
period it dropped to 4.76 per cent. Soybean oil meal did not
effect any change in it. The change to velvet bean, however,
brought ab ut a sudden and marked increase in fat percentage
and it was maintained throughout the feeding period of 42 days.
The average for this period was 5.1 per cent, which was 0.4
per cent higher than that during soybean oil meal feeding.

Butterfat yield was Correspondingly increased by feeding
velvet beans. Soybean oil meal had previously increased it
slightly, but the increased yield was not supported. .tarch
produced a decrease in butterfat production by decreasing both
milk yield and fat percentage.

Troduction of Fat-corrected milk was also increased by
velvet bean feeding. The trend in production of Fat-corrected
milk was somewhat different from that followed by cow 76.
Soybean oil meal caused an immediate increase followed by a
similar decrease at the end of the twelfth day. Velvet beans
caused also an immediate increase in Fat-corrected milk, but
this time it remained at a higher level throughout the length

of the feeding period.

Cow 267- The avera5e fat percentage for cow 267 during
the first part of Period I was 3.28. Jurin5 starch feeding it
fell to 3.1 per cent. Soybean oil meal increased it to 3.44
per cent. Velvet bean did not effect any chan5e in fat percent-

1.

Cu

e, but supported it at the same level as soybean oil me
Butterfat yield was sli5htly increased by velvet bean

feeding over that of the soybean oil neal period due to in-

creased milk yield. The results m 5ht have bee mcn e pronounced,

hoseve r, if poor hay had not been fed by histake darin5 the
middle of the velvet bean period. Just before the poor hay
feeding the butterfat production had increased to over a pound
daily.

Yield of Fat-corrected milk vas elually irre “d1 r during
the experiment. Ltarcl1feedin5 did not i3pro e it over the
level of the previous period. It dropped, instead, from an
avera5e of 26 pounds daily to only twenty pounds. Soybean oil
meal caused a gradual increase to 25 pounds, but it was un-
able to support it at this level, fallin5 down to twen nty-one
pounds by the end of the fifteenth day. Velvet bean feedin5
Inarke dly inc re ased production of Tat-corrected milk twelve days
alter its ferwd; n5 bega an.

Eutterf at 1roduction by the controls - The data for the

*—

 

T

three control animals are presented in Tables VI, VII and VIII
and Figures IV and VI. Thee» data may be use: as a heck or
de onstratlon of the butterfat percentage and yield of butter-
-niform treat-

f t and Fat—corrected will by animals unc er a

w
s“:

rent throu u5hcut the experiment, and their normal \ariat13r

‘1‘
L5

compared 0 cows which have received differ t fee}

0')
O

r o F‘ c I“ 1
alvefleicnt

 

he da a on livevei5ht are presenttad in

F]

and V and 5raphi0ally in Ii 5ure VII for the three experimental

The effects of tie different trea m3nts were not so oe-
finite or marked on liveweight as on milk ; rduction.

C x 76 szirmzei no farticu‘ar chan5e in livewei5h through-
out the experiment. The Chan. ges were so sli5ht t"
be considered with'n the normal variations.

Cow 77 followed a similar course, ltlou31 velvet been
feedin5 showed a soxueflviat favorable action. Ey the 3nd of tni

shortly after

QT:

period she had increased to the sage level
freshenin5.
Cow 267 showed the rsost fav r= 1e effect on bodr W3i5ht

by velvet bean fe n5; This animal increased from 984 pounds

f)-

at the end of the first period to lOBO pounds durin5 the velvet

bean feedin5 perigd.

fl 1 V
reed cor°~‘3d

 

All the feeds used, except corn starch, were eaten with
a relish b; the cows. It was necessary to replace a part of
the corn starch with su 5ar in order to keep up ener5y intake.

P—u

ihe numerous complaints in the literature on low lale tebility

(7“

of velvet beans were not confirmed in this exgeriment. Lhe

cows ate the beans from the start, except cow 76 which went

off-feed due to ketosis.

Condition of the animals

 

Cow 76 developed a marked ketosis after fifteen days on
the velvet bean ration. The remaining animals used in the in-
ve sti ' ation were normal. Control cow 78 became very fat due

to excess ener5y fed.

COI'lSlS-jCQIlCV Cf the feces

The character of the ec es produced by each aniua. was
studied only durin5 the sorbean oil meal and velvet bean feed-
n5 periods. Cow 78 was the only animal studied in the control
group.

The av rare of the readin5s are presented in tie follow-

ing table:

 

Cow KO. feedin5 Period
ouubdn O. L: a: ‘JelV‘t 13am
. O O
70 1.0.1.15 1-0037
0 O
77 11.55 9-50
.0 A u ' ."~/ 0
a n \ . 5 _ _ q: ‘ 1,, {,0

Soybean oil meal and velvet beans had about the sane
laxative power as corn. Only in cow 77 were the eces harder,

a

as indicated by a lower fi5dre, durin¢

(9'
EL
4
(L
H
(«I
d
O”
C":-
:3
w
(D
U
Q;
l

ing period. In cow 267, however, the fGCas were softer than

durinr soybean oil meal feedin5. Yo alteration occurred in the

L.
Q

U
(U
(D
O)
D
H)
O
(J
Q
0

consistency of he fe”

:10de :P);"C‘1ro '.u'L'ItS

 

The we:.—l;ly “to ‘.lI' el :1ea su rements tnrou5 out the experiment
are presented in Table XV for cows 76, 77, 867 and 7C. The
three experinental cows showed a decrease in barrel capacity,
as was indicated by tee measurements, during the first part
of Period 1(nlfalfa feeding), and a further drop during part
two. It stayed at a uniform level throu5hout the third part.

Velvet been feeding, however, caused a slight increase in the

L3

easurements of cow 76 and a Qradual increase in cow 77 and

p4

267. Control cow 78 showed uniform me asure.*aents throu5hout the

investi5ation.

Acetone bodies in tea urine

 

The weekly qualitative tests for acetone bodies in the
urine were made for all the cows except 35 and £15. 111 the
animals were normal in this respect throu5hout the experiment

except 76. Cow 76 developed a 1arked Ketosis shortly after

(D

the beginnin5 of the velvet b an feeding period. A quantita-
tive analysis of the urine for acetone bodies showed 230
milligrams per 100 milliliters. The symptoms exhibited were
severe drop in milk secretion and body weight, loss of appetite
and froth in the mouth. A “an e from velvet been to sugar

feeding brou5ht about a rapid recovery in health and milk pro-

duction.

.“'r’\‘.\T

J;~2VU~)U.LKJ¢.\

Tli s investi5ation was carried out to det erlnine tne value
of velvet beans for milk production when compared to soybean
oil.meal, and to study the relation of dietary fat to milk
secretion when it is added to fat deficient rations. Two two-
year old Jersey heifers and one Holstein were used as experi-
mental aninals. Three control cows were also used.

The exwerin nt was divided into two major periods. The
first one consisted in feedin5 fa t deficient ra ions to the
three experinantal animals. The second consisted in replacing
ground velvet bean for the 5rain used in the previous par

‘

The plan is described by dates in Table II. The control grou

“(.3

received a uniform ratio n thro u3hout the ex; irent.

The investi5ation lasted from 113 to 130 days and in case
of numbers 77 and 207 the velvet bean feedin5 period lasted
more than a month.to determine more accuraet ly the value of
tr1 is feed. Cow 76 developed ketosis shortly after the beginning
of the period so that it only lasted twelve days for her.

data was collected for milk production, percentage and
production of butterfat, liveneiah , feed intake, weekly barrel
measurements, condition of the animals, consistency of their
feces, production of ace tro ne bodies in the urine and quality
of the n1ilk p1 oduced. The results are presented in tables and
graphs in the npp erdix.

When six pounds of soybean oil meal ltm' in fat were used

' ., ...,“ e - 1 v. ”~~ . 11‘ ‘ "1 ~ 7 45. 7 . ‘.-, — ‘.— « 7
1-- pluCB Of Saber, b1; (110.1 c1..d Si .13 01. tm: 11.1.1 <11.ch : by, there
V ‘ _ l r . I . I ‘ _ o ' m_ ‘ O ‘ '3’ A

was an increase in mils eroductio1. -nis efioct in Mile or -

duction was of short duration end was followed by a cecrease

in Lilk flow. The drop in milk was probocly due to a fat de-

* L
0')

gm
U)
L]
O
(D
1-:

iciency in View of t1'1e work reported by Leynard end
(46,49,50). The time required for milk trodiction to decrease

—,

on the alfalfa-soybean oil heel ration varied with the indi-
vidual ccw. Cow 77 reguired about fifteen dove, cow 7o, forty-
tvo dnys and Sow 257 thirty-three days for the effect of the
fat deficiency to becwne agoa en

There was no definite effect from feeding velvet ESL. on
the butterfat percenta5e of the milk produced by cows 76 and
267. We butte rfat gercentaxe of cow 77, honeve e1 increased
four-tenths of e oer cent over the arera5e of the s ybean oil
meal period. These results are not in a5reenent with the
Obs ervatix'." mode by other torn-ere 17:10 foznd that t feeiin;
of fat increases the butterfat percenta5e temoororily. The
sudden increase in the fat per cent in cow 77 agrees with tie
rerorts by Tood§32), n'
creased test, hgwever, stoved at a h'gh level throughout the

feeding period.

’..!

Iroduction of Four—percent Fat-corrects milk increased
in cows 77 and 267 during the velvet been yeriod. The increased
prediction in number 77 was due to increased bwtterfat per-

‘ a"

.. ,,.- - '7‘ ‘ ‘r 7.x, ' HA.— - ' 1. ,. 34.,
cent~ e. I1 numoer ac/ it was due instead, to increased to ml

"J

" n.

‘u I L4 ‘J

v'. .»

C1
L4

45

'.‘J ‘

J

liVK

‘

\

' 1:3
Lfl-L“)

E
8
I1
ti-
1
U f
I"
J
fl
L
C‘
u
x!

7 Q; . Mn...“
7 ..o u .v. V t .1 S .1 C ; e
h .T.. T .n.. .l .3 9. a” w.“ .1, n my
S l O t t l e V e .. S n . d 0 h
T T n a e w M f .u. t m, .. .. L t
p, a .1 l 3 X E f . . .J u L b t
..D In : 0,. b .1 «1. n, .L f
a“ d a t l K 3 e C a ,h . . J. B . . O
.3.. t 9 WW ._ r“ a H _.: 0,. .....u t L R L
n N. . .7 C “1 .Ta .1 AI Y J N. .1 .8. - a,
a ._ T l .1 O V“ L J n :. H t C T
., .1 o, .1 .Q 1.. . q n S B S C L P.
S :2 S C R 3 E w; .1 . ....“ c 4 .H _ U n. t
..L n .3 l .3 C i ( fl * a...” f L J L J a
.3 r. ,1 r f d f L , .1 I. t n
C r . a L . ., u q E l . .L , . f
11 L , o, a, a n” d S . ,.u c l C C . u 1 L
O V ..c ~L C :C t u f . w d i n! (A
m4 L r. w . a b l . u T S e. n a
i .3 D ; 3 C. n S 8 at f h C a.-. T
1. n. S H. h. C W ‘ .. +u n. l 3.,
. 1 L _. . . u n o, O n. C h v t e
i v. .. s o L C C n n J C .u .
O m .. H .T. n! VJ an. M. u h +u
.l a l T n. 7 1 .3... .. A ; an F.
.I x 51 O f .J 1;. M“ H .a t L n. x. ,3
e a C m. t .3 t t a . . r V r f n
U... a . 0 v1“ and. . ‘ O i
C t l p, T ”J A .m. f A. $ 7. C t S A.
5 h n l .3. _ J. O C u g S n, I. 9 a. 3
h .l e. e t t . L . ., u d u s”... a ... S a.
. m C u n .. . S n. 6 f .1 t c t
.1u n. l \L. M q .3. C r s t x” r “I. 91. Lu 3 .3
e .( ml SC AL. Mi .1 m a \ .YI.“ f 1/. 31, Q}. 1 _.,\.;. 5U.
a e f .1 a t C n .L n r t n.
f i . ‘ a, r H“ c an m ..o t .l f , -. 0
e n L n». 4. Q a ..J T P. ..I 3 . .Tu ..U ...u
n W E f 2a T n T l m ., t .4, n, .
u C l .6 n; a 1 .. U a T n; .TU S y
8 . -. e. 1.4 T .1. .‘ v d a, fl- . .... N 1
b 8 .fi 9 t 3 l 1 .1. H .L V a, V. ,L 0 1L
t u. ‘ ~ L -u a, 3 m4 1d 3., ... J g n. u
t a a t f h E a L, mm W n t 1L .p ¢ f
G T f l .1 O a. H 9 .1 L O U. a, _
V 3 O u e n G S 1 A m, .. M.” n o -, t -. r
1 L V C J no 1.. n e S C .0 h. V W. 4 L U
a B S .i ..J. . 1d A .l C b T -..,.. . M 1 n C
V W. Va t 8 .L H ‘n O H 2., r P, 3 fl . J «I
U ._ ‘4 r C L t .l .C ..u r l n l h S m. J
G h h a J .1 S t n b C .l .0 .1 a B
‘0.” n: d d at, :u 7L. t 8 rd ..., .Tu 1d W G .l
t .2 W U e T 3 .0 3 3 ad b u e .h ad
7 e O T C .3 l b V n b a S .1 ,m
so ~ « f "A r; a A . e w... an 1 m 1. n a t ..r. J t .n . t
1. E V O a e .L e a .. n u S
.1 t k n S m n V .l b v. S u
T d S l ..u 8 O t ...,J l mu 0 a. t
U n .0 ...; u u...“ S .1“ «.1 .Q Q C O D... a H Q
d a l m b t a O u a H. V C a t r.

tosis prpduced.

*r
‘L

‘..-‘4

‘J ‘1 fi'd‘...

\

1‘ t,_‘:‘§e

.L

bv-sAtI"\2.L

fl'l

beans

AJ‘ V. [.1 U

13;.)

d

[‘1 __“‘
‘1 3 U11

1

1
(SULVw

l

—-\

Yr L
“A .1

{.(‘
nun;-

vu-

‘fij‘ver,

0’1
(‘xx
._,‘ I.

I
A

’ \

1‘
&‘~,

.3
,_._\A

‘Iwfi

. (2.-.

A

‘2 :L

." 0
" J L: '.

.‘. ‘J

’\ f.
A.

‘4 "u

S

.l

,‘
_‘ ‘1 '.I ..’

rm

"\
.

‘at—0

l.’

S

..L'

< i‘~‘i?’.‘
.. .

j'
Q

J-“
u"

-A

1 A!

vet 7

g
171‘)
V '2. .2.

7':
.1

q

t

-.. IL,

0' TCC‘VE‘:

~1.-

:44

‘ -\
—A.AL

I
-..-—

V ."‘ C~ (‘ (,_. 3‘
.L" U ka La .1 x.

_.7
\AJ'.

...?r
_~—b\

)"\
.x
A‘

A i

4

“rm?!" _
:4; Ma U 1

f" (‘1; ”v“. "n"
\J- -t’ -Ak"

’\

4.116 |

Z

‘ J
U

".

~11
V

a
‘

-Av

JCLlLI-L,

.-..

q
‘r’or‘ "
.- v

" 1
l y’. , l ‘
.L. LLL‘ . Q‘- ab

6

'1

I
.0.

C

gbeun

’1

"‘x t “‘ "_

 

1 .‘7-5» - . l .9“: ‘g ' ... :..", ‘~
0 VMLV’ 4.... L,£ ..vuu, no... “Av—Ly;
"..-‘- .- , ‘4‘;
Li: k1 1 k .'JKA-
1 ‘ . ' 3 + ‘ ".
"\ "' ‘T" '1 .1 ‘ .'"
U \. Al . J.LJA Ab .Aé-UVIL.‘ \14.
6‘. 1‘. .J— F‘ r . . ... .
. 3 ..J 7' ' , '. .'-
(... J“-«UL, v.“ $.Au Vt: V w yr: '.-
fi . '1 -—.
' u ' _ 1'. ~rv
..'-..‘»); J.\4.\A " L. Q ”A“ 0
r7 «, ..' . . '\ v. . 4 '1 4-. . ' _ ., .
.' * LJ . , - n,» r. m . .~ . .
Lr‘. - Oi‘IlQ , J. O V . U U (1.1-- VUAAA-l. (A; Li.)\.J-L \J
.0 ‘.. 1‘. + ‘ .‘ ‘ f
I _, I .'. f- A
0.1. ‘a't;.h J'J .1 n .M.lh) V
Tn.“ u "‘7" {‘1 t
‘ J1 —Av ‘ k)‘ 0 .1 r1. u
,4 ‘ ‘ 7; _ 9‘ x- 3 J": c ' '\ as 1}
l" u . g ‘1‘ . . r \ ‘ - ,‘lp.
'I. ‘.-VLLLu‘.1.l’ _ .U.- LLLJ Q (All‘l .'L'JCJJ.
pm“ - 5.1.“; pl. ‘ -.1V~\1
.LAAC An. L .L ‘J-J; a \ALJ-L.
:- hpl‘“‘l l 71 ’1‘ ' ' _ ~ .. 1 la ..
‘ -' «r
U. .‘ uJ-n e.‘ , .....J. U.l -‘M-‘n l‘I “-‘, ‘...-
FF J o C ‘ ‘. .’N‘r‘. V'J.
L“ “‘4 J~ud . 481.: . -- J
" '7'!"ivi -.~ fr ._ -. 2 -: » T: *' _ 1'
b. HIJ.‘-;O , ¢. 0 I 0 Mil.“ s4-..- .‘ , 4. CAL. g
‘ '\ 'I ""I'- -- (V (\I. 'I ‘a
cy./Ll. . 1);. - uJ\,‘L.lI\,
I 1“ r0. - ‘1 p u p «
.- '1 1 ‘17“ 1 . ... ; .. .. Y._3I*
7 ..‘.bfi-L 1‘ , .....L. '..AI£\A. “yak Aéu :’ ‘...J..-
no + -. 1V~lV:tv...m
---.L u _. V .J --.;N‘
" l r r n . ‘7‘ ““‘ 0'
X). -‘. LlA'Lkl 1 Q1. . 3.5;. .
r. I v— - ."l‘. _‘ _ _ v_ ‘ - D +“
- r) 1 . r-' L ,‘g. r‘_ .
(v. -..lll‘Jl , ...L.- L -..: J“‘-JJ -“’_.-_) ....L ll}
I r. . .~.~ I .4 "‘V"
J‘lC—ibLA‘.LLL ILUI‘. .4\:’.
h l ‘ ‘W ’1 ' 17"
.7 I;' ‘ '\‘ 77\. _ "
..’ . - ..lAAJMs‘ ‘.J‘LJ ‘3‘ 111“ ..‘-.-
-".a] ")+ " -, ‘
(DJ—VF.) U 9031\4$‘-
7". ‘ ’..1' ‘N I ".f") I. 7 7'
C; V‘ur. ...‘nV-h U‘ (ILA; v,
7 ~ —.- hr a 1 ~" .. - T
c: . ‘ ‘..Y‘ .. - ’Q , - t
4.0.00.1mu, V.\,'. pub. -lbeu, .'.-.d." u
‘ 1 u ‘5.
r + ’3 :‘I r 1 71 '~ .3 '1 -
)f u..'/ "111.1..-C’L‘ze V )4.
’1‘

r‘ '1‘“

. . ..
VAA\-IAaA.

1 O. 7 , y , _ 1 y. C_ '; ‘-. O 0 t '. . 1 ‘v' 7 V ,2 t
A—‘VU-b b»..-(_'.A—J ~‘5‘ J. -‘ 1 \ - 4. I _,'
p s”. «7134' 1. . " . {:7 . yr..-“ 7'1! h‘r‘? :
VAJ—l'k- -~4 w». o \J p. .5 9‘14.’
.1— . ‘ 1 r7;— H H ar- " fr -
t 4‘ ' O ’ 'I x,
b... “th. .140. (J‘LJ-N ‘tt 0 .Lk-u(4.
{5 ‘ ' "_‘1 C '.f ‘I .. ‘- 3,. ""t ‘3
‘ ‘..-.. v-5‘dung' «J . a. l _ -. d. p‘ \z...\/ Li
A .5
7“ ‘ 'i ’
-’ - ‘ tr 7. '
.- xkfla‘- *' C .4 IS...
J
.. .. u s '.
‘ l f '( ‘ 1 ~)-1 4‘ 1 K4 ' >‘
\A. ‘..,V.‘ 0 .—..; ~ .5 4.. L’. LgLL O
, . c‘ ‘ ..' 1 .
Y‘.‘ J. .t.‘ 3,: .t . f‘ '7‘
--‘)- wv' AA -'k—Aa. ‘UAL.
‘ y. 1r .‘ " rv .
K“ "3-1,’ l . "
vUo, ... Lvi o J-cL'vo
'\ . . -. ' q A - f L . O.“
(\p-u. '3 . . ._ :..a 15 v ‘. r“
d‘JLAh‘AtJ‘. (alga-L f_‘.‘;.b ..LLU L' Lu;— 4 ~‘.
" _ '1 rfr-v_v\ r11" w ~ r-v s
o . . ,~.,. ...
Ml. “LA-54.. 9‘..- . I .'. 11". .'..yt‘ .
‘ 41w} 1 ‘ tvr . O 7-») -: 17, J ‘ _ .
‘ ‘11 S t .L U .L .L l J V J. ‘. r I .- V ~: [.1 L L; (a- - .-
‘.— .7 '7 r‘\ . 3 ‘ t ‘f ‘ C
-.' Ll.) {'L“, . ULl-4V. LL'LL o
‘.I\I.-W‘IH 4-,.1' I“ Tl‘ tl.,‘ ['.. A
.L'sx/ .. V U‘J.‘ L - ~ ‘ V\)J‘-
‘
r. + 2‘ '9 '\. r1 wt 0 1‘ l ‘1 {.4 ‘IN. r—x
'~‘ VuK. -.\J‘. o .I. .J—v b L".
V
3 1'7.- v,~l ,‘n .‘V‘
9-) 't t: . ‘v' ‘, 1V / L; L. L ‘ -
—. f '-. ‘_ '1 n ‘i _n ‘1; (‘1
. ' - .5 \ ‘ ‘
JtL~. -.'»!‘a'dr . -.. ~.- ' ‘;O 4 \. - Ll .
r. n.‘1"+3*'..-.r*‘ .9
.L w; ;-.Ju.LU--..».-y ‘.‘L
a4 .- I ,“ . " (A a , ‘q ..
, ,- ! ~ . \‘ -
1-6..A. ‘22": o LI»A.L‘LI . .Lv'_‘ O

xet CSun-
r}- 4 run A
t._l.‘r : ‘iqu-‘v

V “1",? -‘ .“ .‘. 1 5‘ ‘1 ‘r'[ + )‘r'fl"‘l “ O“ ‘1 ‘F‘)'\' ‘ wa-n" t . ‘ I“
. , , .. _ ‘ '1 r'/\"
ll . b U-.Alo , w' . \j . ULL~£ .(A U \J .L.A‘»L"l , ,1. o \J o - ..j \z..i’r , 4."; J :; r18 l * v-,‘
t r. ) ‘LD ‘(1 aw: ~ ‘27 V F. + ‘r\ f), ‘ , -
.. \1 _“\J L ~ -'A ".4.‘ U Lax/21.-
U
a ‘ _ - . ‘1 ~\ 1 O r“ .. ~. 1 r h".
.,_ 1 " .’. I . '. .n ’ I V I ‘ .A v ,‘ ‘, ..
Uy'dl. -‘VL. v.-e-... 1.4.. \Jy‘- ‘y’. ..‘-yr-Jo

[‘3

m, . N w , . T, H M . ~. v ,,- :' - - ”,7 ,7,“;‘
o J ‘Ii'jbo .405). L111 9 HAND, Jav‘o- .‘AL 11:31."ng Of ublL'J... \u..IL,

F4

..‘,*.1',-. ‘ ,. “. -,\
t4: OLQDA;1A sf tha ,ulnes; VBLVBt Lrhfl-

r ‘ ‘ ‘ .A , r- - '1 .
_. 1‘ ' _J\ ‘ a .‘ _. .. l f l
(,a Our. ~$Q+o J-“z.... ‘1‘.) . ‘1'..U_".‘;*;‘“,o ..‘—...; o

’....J
C J
0

V r}
H.
:5
h-
r \
U?
s.

. ' Tr~ ‘_ ‘ .\ . '—‘I ‘ s . . v. w . r“
$1.0 O Lxli‘i oJ-‘I1L), waxy." Jl..l(3 ILthl'lth’fi g'LLUe vf

‘ - - .' - - .o - . ‘ .- - 'v v
~ :\ J r ; r . - v _- _) _ _ . ,3 7'- ~. g - .
t (_: ‘—l V t J 1 Al-0 Vi ‘1‘“ §L~j S \J \‘4 A‘l J J v .L (J—~ ‘..: ‘ . 5 —’ A-
4 _ _ _ '— - ‘_ .- . ‘ " \ ~‘ ’ f 0‘
' T. I: H V ' “N W" . 'X N.“ ’ "r? 0 ‘77 J '
..‘ALAV-L «ULA‘ ‘.V'J‘ . --.JU‘VLQ U: 0 DJ... 1 O » -L~~J-.

of
u
L
o
t;
o
I
' :
(L
i -1
V
(+
F"
LI
H.
x;
()1
("f
*4
(1"
H
F“
c 9'
J
1

..' I .n \
r, v) . n - Y o )“ I“ \’ ")
l4. 'ute¢,..d.l’ -..Vo L..-t U\IL;‘,4

. ., _
r 1 .‘r'l1f‘ 'hI -'n“‘1 ‘7‘ *‘i. b”IH
Jf JUL.LV\AL) 1.1 r:¢.sA.L\.AU.L~/..: ‘.Lv-‘ .'. .avktta-
T. ‘ K "V . Ar“! ’ “'j r- 1 0:
r‘! u ’. 3" . A- ' ,'
\MI‘. .-ldl. »J-.V1-.;. ‘I/ \k) a .de’yu. J—v’wio

_ q , V .‘. . ,._ . ”+ .+. . T~'_ r
lb. gure, ;.- hmlno aglds 1n n“ur1u13n. -art ;-
- L: ‘1‘..." r:~- "\ * .--. 1‘ ‘05
(Jr. 111'. ...LSi. JUL/..‘. u.) ii): .LJL---LL o 1‘ ,, o

Sour. LQr. Rescpr A Z& \5}: éC7-éiq. 1223.
la. gulmon, 7.J.- kufitcrs Lffecting Tit. ; antent 3f

;;gut grcdgcts~

LlubuLa L4r. 73;. gtg. iagort: i3, 16. 1925.
13. Tracy, ;.;.- 3T&Sgfis uni fsruga giants f;r ”ulf or stw

U.J.u.“. Iarngrs' Eull. ?33: L—ll. leT.
23. 3*ecn, 3.7. and J3;§lo, ..T.- lattcn;n; ste rs cu

.-'. V

. —‘ "Hrs u 'h
.. ILL ~11 ‘ - ‘v v “.‘.“;
\..I . V A.‘ .‘.... “Lars-A UA.A J£i J “LA. . .Lk/Q \ I s V ti) 0 -— .r 4“ O

O

".4 ,

U , 1
...Jul

Wu...

0
n
I

z

‘I
y‘—
Ul—V O
at .
15?
J...
13
ha
‘7.
'7
1
.5

9 . x) n u I ,
C... _,. , .y G. Wu ..H u ‘...“ r .. ..-... .r. . CL
1 l 11. l l 1 1L n“ ... 1L 1L 7;
o 4 .q v..,

o "a . A «5
fin: 1-. «‘ 9., . . . . -
nw ... - bu Cr» Mn 1mm. 0

2 J f .3 I + u . 1.. o
w . L l . . .9, n. .1. _. _ i A.
n... «1— Pu hf o .....u a.“ O, n; .0 »‘H 7‘

. . J A né r: U4 «L w 1.. w * . _ ‘3
t 3., o o o .. TU r . OJ TU P . 7 . rt”

T ..., ,5. .. H . 7 _ o 7. +. n .9 ..u .L 2

O S .s» t 00 l .U .5 .Ta . M 7w 1;

. ; n l r — to up .1 O o .3... ",4 .Tu

e \ M Q S .. . _ l a. M n 3, . . t . . n.

 

O
‘ 4b . _. _ v... l D . . fl . ..u .3 n .‘-I .1. an: a,
t l . e 0 a... l 2 n u. 4 . i r 5 w A l t
o W _ l 3 w . C 2 J . K t , \ ..L. L
L C 9. u ... . o a; . . .{\ .l .l G o J .
+u ..- K... +4 . h t _ o ,5 . o T l _ ... 7 ‘ ‘ l C , u
q.“ 1 ..b #1. u ...U T J 1;. o .f n o, _, u . ‘i ..-- n; c
3 t . ..n t .. $ 3 .1; l l L .l :1 n _ A n i 3
. r... L ...M 5 fl. k .vu . I g a; n ‘ T a, L . S C h C m 1 ‘
m I ..H U ,3 f; L H U .3. d w . ..t o m... .'...V
X 1 x "J . S i .l n). i , F ..i m . .H d . 1...; F.
1 . ..U 7. T ‘ ¢ t o f .1 . .l u a O .l p
F o .-‘ .1 I. o . H g o o o T. q . v» w, t D -v
o -IU :1. a l . m ,3.” nd t - Lu riv ..HQ S 0.” f . ....,. bl. L U . .x.
..r. E L E t .ra S u t f, D 3 1 w . a. 5
no v. In « U .1 a r M, ‘ J . H. n u S n; o f n.-.
. n * HQ r!“ ... .l o 24 .Tu H V I. C h 5 Au . o
e I o h .1. .3 . ..,. q r b . . 9. 1. . ..,. _ . . A f 7
..L . . .‘. w... .l _ L w ... . A a...“ 4 WJ — - A t q» C; 4... t U t m t A
E A. x. o i .. _ h I _ t X a,“ X .l .l 2 l .... l 3 n .
L. . ‘ e r e m . u w H . -. m l S . l i . e . e r , o
.l L H e U u a r. w . C S Mu . i ad .9 AT. r f .3 t
L .u r .4. ...; ‘ J . g t .1. .1 . L a "v. .u u .l . I. m, .L f ..u f ..b . ..
S C M f. d I ...... .3 .u n1 A a 3 a fi . L T _ 3
.1 . a U .U . .I. .1 .1 a .l V 1 Va .L M S .1 . i 1 .
C ‘.L . t l P. L u . g r r .1 . O .4. t s . a . T k
S i -.M fl ‘ u 3 o n P 3 C i Q . .L . q .u .J l E . n l
3* o 7|.“ .V * o \J 00 «L .l .l .n.“ 1 ._ .u 71‘ V a mm» H I“ .u. NV .-..“ .wi .
w m g .0 . a -o r. F m . .1. T m . 4 F . I I . i l r; . C la
o .1. a _ Jru w .
p d 9 _ — — . 0 WC
an o . o 9 .n . )
D U m o .. ...U o u
H .l . a, o r 3 r u 4
m . .1 J o w u 3 h. ....u
..IU LIV _ . . 1r p .1. I: C
e ..,._ 2 2 S 8 an.“ S
l a: t .. t .3 T 3 t
h ‘ m t t t ’.., e S e
m t O n 3 a in l I
my .1 C u C t n ...L u
I T. .u .u ‘ .4 m- I:
o o o o o o o o .o o
E C ..1 C .L 7 c. ,v Q i
A. ,. E n ,N 2 up 2 2 2 3 3

S

.‘U

8

‘V ‘
t l".
A‘L

fir r .3 ,~. 7" .
A \M‘ I») (i \4' n Lol

ffip
VA

t

9f183

of food t3

On

.L

7‘91

A. 1‘

-t's-«i

pa

ull.17

._
u

. . t
l

‘5
r 0

I
r
.\

Yurk

LI.

. _
\

(‘F
db‘o

,—
‘..

l:

(

.1‘
‘14.;

AAA

1 .
['Lkio

La-v’

a.

_ I.

s

..’.iu.

an,

lari

‘3~

.
“Us

I
Y .

N

,\ 1.4L}.

7‘"?

i‘f‘

r.-

U .~.l .'~

'7'?
LIV.
K I‘l’fiiféf

110 .
fl

lzl;

‘30,
of

6...

..
(4'

t
ion

-
..‘
'..

' t
J

du C.

\
I

C,

Er

L.-ilc;1.

.4

~-\
.—

i;l‘*t,

'1'

I.) p .k

\

”D
C

5‘

40.

no .

a
.i*

)‘u

L11

enhL.

I.

c;

"r-
.4

lg:

"- 1" r‘ .—
'. 5.3

K,‘ \_,'
I ;’ '.." .

'..,H

QT—

v-

7'1
L‘

@tiV

~ntrik

u's/

‘ .

u)..-

'I

lodin,

-— '
J'
‘1‘

37.

~“i1kl

Maya.

1

'7

\
AL'J q

71-"

ti I"

.-- o (I

no,

VV

7)
s 1‘

l

i.

Y.

'-

\

‘
n - _.' ’
VL‘A- J

nut

r\

v

CDC

ll .-1‘.'J .

4
A.

LA

‘) ‘10
.L

V

, :-
...

n~
VI;

I‘

4

."Q r

\

‘I'J .

O .
Cr.
1 L

8.1897.

‘
4

:-L

l

/

1‘
It

;

"I’n
Uo‘l .

ull.l

1\
>4

‘4

Of.
(A

V

...J 1
\/

--.

(1181"

Jenter,

» 3.
1.A‘-L

C

O~o0

..'

F" 1-4- ..‘. - .’L
40. .-;Orban, .-.. db
8;

[‘1‘

J41

v-c- aq-

to. .¢;ynarix, b.wu
r

r
D

vs ~.-

V

w I I
‘L- seedlhg experlmc

“swing effent cf fat,

J

77+

, ... (“f-— r '5
eLuLQ .‘...UZS’ Lid, 471‘»). c7:

" - _ . . .4 ‘ ~ . 3'
nfiuszce of feelbtu.
fi 1 .- ._ ‘ ,. ’ . _ .1‘ ‘ . ‘ -
LA at} fa pruthth

t... ". _ ‘.. '\
.‘N’I , 1 ... r‘ fi" ‘.. I .
Js-Li o “ButhL‘e “(Alix—1&1. .J

7'!

4.1

i

Llforuia “-r. TX‘. «ta.
'11d --Cvlfif, C..;.- lhlf

r" ‘: " 1 ‘9 fl ‘ ‘ - fl '
thUh 01 int LBtLD. J

ournul of Xatrition a

S tit

1'1 C O \"J

r1 sues}; ,

S-

47. gheehy, u.¢.- Effect of iietary fat on fat

C

4&. Allen, L.fl.-
f

T
D

‘

4d. bender, h.;.

V r I

r.“ ,- 1’ o "0‘
3‘»). “-‘ajl’lalu, L...~..

(.31
f"
0

an ent of cow's xilk—

‘ y ., , n V"H . n
vat keroentuwe O; mlih ob a;
'rsv‘i- 7!“:7.‘ A ~‘..'- {7 \w'
du‘J-A.1O ‘QJ-Lr. kl ‘vlkAlrJ (z I‘\VQ-

ournal of Lairy Science 15:

I
41‘

-5. ~..-. - T
£111; ..--.."n-‘qrd, p.41.“

‘ri e d- 4 «77 .‘./n -,'.. t ..
‘L ‘Llrd bx. (J

2. t

} -
{2'1
(D

"A'J-l

‘LLA; V L;

'15.

GB

Williajs, 7.2. and Luyuard, ;.4.- *ffect of 53901

. 1 #-
I. 1 ‘3
pJ..LkJA-~ LA-

;
“.1. leV'.‘.

o .'rp - .
" dl;;€"‘3£

‘J---

A

lo 543: 4:30

'n
l\.

4.
U

10

l

..'-

.‘

UV O

'5'; ‘5 "'2

y~4~0

'7'?»

~"...;..' 9

0'70
\. U54.

.4 k; .‘I O

H .'. (7 1
‘.1 L
V Lt O

C ‘1
i

52. Thicgy, 7.J.- Effect Cf fccdin; a” th c .te t, et‘.-

Irish Free ctutes rcpt. 15F. Cour.32:1€-?§. 1:33.
53. Allen, L.L.- Fat percent as affected by feeling nats...

Journal of pair; pcienc) 17: 379-335. 122%.
54. LanLillcti E.- Effect of VuTiOJS cil Cckes on

ia.t (n uterlt (Jf 12111:-

?ev. Intérnut. Lenscign. afr. 3: 257. 1923.
55. Lynn, J.3.- foods and thc fat Ccntent-

Fertil.,Teed sstuffs and T. supply Joqr.

v01.12: léB-SJ. 1;:7.

("'1
OJ
.
"1
0
(D
r:+
O.
*J
I

J
p.43
H)
(1)
C+
O
’4)
:1
p1
.

Ioncunp, gaunt. ccccnu , ctc.
Lilkwirtschaft. Forsch. 9: 161-78. 1329.

s 11 tua feed of ccws-

1': TA fl F v‘ r“ r . ‘ - . ‘.- —. ‘ 1 r» - , n r n w
5:. grower, u.- 110 faellhb tcsts “it; LciL seei Lesi-

Verslu;. lunch. 0. iijsklandb. EB: 64. 1333.

U1
ti
0
C
C‘
L.
CL
(—1"
C
O
C
bwr
y.
k ‘
O
(D
F’
U
H 1
O
I
v -
(I
C)
C:
H
’23
r:
d-
"3
P—J
‘Q
H
U)
r—J
c
O
J
I

Eieder. chtr. h.
60. Loczurs Ki, Z. and B rzunn, J.- Influence of fut in
foJCcr on fat content, etc.—

'7

-‘. .-' . m‘yfi ‘ 'I v? , 4-“ ' '7'... ‘D n
JOleu. Lori. ,oresvci. Ann. a“. “31-.3

{‘3

. 1934.
61. Eraps, G.;.- The pr“‘cction coefficient of feéds-

Texc ;gr. Txp. Sta. Bull. 1E5. 1216.

u

62. - Lroductivc energy of fecis calculct .

 

1 .. .o I ‘ 1 “
from feeding xp-ar. Ml u 53cc

Texas Lax. "xp. 3 a. Full. 436. 1951.

'f'z " , .fi fi ‘ ... ' .
co. rrdps, 3.3. and _e -

of t1-
Texas

ether ertr. of boys, etc.-
Lgr. Txp. ate. ”oil. 150.

 

n;r. fixp. Sta. Bull. 162.

total fatty acids and other ether

soluble constit. of feeds stuffs-

Texas
66. Wood, T.B.- nnimol

Univ.
67. Lawn, $.13. and 1331‘

~~ no.0
". VI _
«.,;U.1;lu

‘ .

n
j

65. Huffman,

meal a

Jour.

Agr. ?xp. Lta. hull. 169.
Lutrition- 2nd edition.
Tutorial Tress ld. (London)

geim, £.- Eracticnl Ihysiologicel

try- 11th eiition.

:. Lluhiston's Jon and Co., Inc. lhile.

.F. and Loore, l.n.- ?ffect of cottonseed

nd L

H.

Lairy Science 12, no. 5: 410-18.

nseed o.m. on consist. of fecc

1913.

1”"
1
u L! O

S—

199“

AV .

tl*Ifi—,-r.1<.'»- '_v-
4?. ‘ .JL.L—‘I/L

(“7“. can"
4.1».114

IT"

7‘

t.
.LJXU

L

icel composition

ents of

the

'7'
.AJ

‘ .

I

v: 1
CA -11

digestible nutri-

feeis usei**

 

Composition

 

 

 

 

 

 

Feed .utcr Cr.lro- fitner Sr.fi- .~iree .sh
tein Extr. ber Txtr.
1e ,er Ier Ter Ler -‘r
cent cent cent cent cent cent
Alfalfa hay 13.53 16.44 1.51 26.33 32.10 7.8”
Soybean Oil
Leal(solvent) 16.92 45.37 0.29 5.93 31.70 5.82
Velvet been 11.64 23.25 5.41 8.5? 43.13 2.99
corn (1:002) 1403‘; 9.86 r1922 lodl \VQ‘IU 2.4.1“:
Digestible Kutrients
_jin 100 lbs.)
Feed Cr.1ro- Ether Cr.?i- H-free Lterch
tein Txtr. ber Extr. T.J.L. Lquivel.
Alfalfa Lay 11.83 0.18 12.18 “?.78 46.0 33.0

Soybean ®.Leel 36.56

Velvet been

**

17.23

-Lote- Lorrison's

{\3 is“ O
O +—~
C“ O

’..J
0

Cu
ID

,p.
O

(31

H

[‘0

()1

p
()3

.A'

c:

'.J

(D

coefficients of

L’)

digs

tibility(4) used.

44

O

H

\’

Q I

mmzomae

up Cw wowdaoofi mmsw m>amzp owed I**

 

 

 

 

0H.qu . wa.seu ea.tem . na.nme ma.pme . mm.eem um.est . m .esn mom
_o sm.se1 . mm.sme em.nmm . mH.QvL “H.96e . mm.eee em.eee . em.oma be
5
s.ueu - m.nem em.psu . na.nme ma.nom - sm.ene mm.enn - em.omu we
mpg» mean one. mega
ewes seesaw Hemu.o newssou sateen
-sem eeaaoaq -sen wefineaq -enm eoanoaq sen eeaeeaq .ou goo
n pawn m pee. **< page
HH .JHmrM H nonrH
mwoflpmm preoaflpmng as» %o anhwohm
HH Manse

 

 

 

mo.Lm mom.o m.n oo.em owe mmunm mauoa
ee.mm Hnm.o m.m am.em owe mmuom 9-5

mm meo.a a.e mm.mm (we meuse o-w
00 mo owm.o w.» om.mm was eeuee nua .pme
mm.em HwH.H H.e om.Lm see awnae an-mm;

m pt-
ea.mm nea.a e.e no. am «we ow-wm mm so
ss.em mmm.a n.e 8 .mm awe emumm me no
mw.ta omH.H H.e 0o. mm ewe enamn mm om
mo. u ewe.a ¢.e ow. we emu n-em ma-ea
mm.an ben.a 6.e ms.em one mmuem mauaa
mo.flm mmm.a e.e on.eo mam mmgnm ma-aa
eo.mL new.a e.e oo.em oaw mm-om oauw
me. am omw.a e.e om.wm mow mauea eum
Ha.om aem.a m.e om.em «as waned one .enn
mm. Lu own.a H.m om.em mas nauaa H-03
no. em mom.a H.m oe.nm bow oaum .m em
me.mn mwo.a n.e n¢.mm mow e-m em em.omn

q peemnH nonn,
.mna .mpa .mpH .mpa

.o .m woodwoam unmouom emoswonm. pmwflot zoflpnpona
we peeemppsm pew MAflm msflq 2“ when open

 

 

pcmsflnmmxm mnp Lo ompdoo exp msflpdw eoflamm
sauna an coflposwopm can pgmflmeo>fla mo whoomm
we .03 #30

HHH Hdmfib

 

 

LL.LL LLo.H m.w om.nm LLL Loaupoa L-L
LL. L LLL.H L.w 9L.LL LLL Loau¢oa ¢-L .Lmq
LL.LL LLH.H L.« o¢.LL Lap Loa-aoa a-oL
LL.LL LLO.H L.w no.LL LLL Leanna mm-bm.gau
-HH LLHLnL
.L.LL LLH.H w.¢ ow.Lm LLL LL-LL omuwm
LL.LL HLo.H L.w om.m LLL Lmuma LL-HL
no.9L Lc.a o.¢ oo.qm oLL Hm-mw omuwa
LL.LL LHH.H ¢.w 0L.LL Hwb LL-LL LH-L
0H.@L L0H.H o.¢ oo.wm ALL LL-LL LH-LH
0L.LL ooa.a w.¢ oo.LL LLL mmnow Haum
LL.LL OHL.H o.w 9L.om owb LL-LL mno
LL.LL LLO.H L.w om.LL LLB Lbuwb LuL .Lna
mm.om omo.a H.¢ om.om Lmu LL-HL mumm
LL.LL HLo.H L.L om.wm LwL obuwo Lmuom
LA.LL oom.fi L.¢ om.bL OLL LL-LL «mumm
L¢.mm LHL.H L.¢ om.wm LLL woumo HL-LH
«L.LL LLH.H L.w OL.LL 90L HL-LL mauma
LL. L LLO.H m.L om.LL LLL wmuom LH-LH.me
o pLLL-H nuHme
.mgH‘ .mnH .mna .mnfl
.o .m vmoscoga pccoumm umOdcoma pzmflmk :ofipspoma
m¢ psLum Lam Lam maflu m>Lq LL LL33 mpg»

 

AcmsmflpaoovHHH wqmue

58

 

 

LL.HL mom.o o.w no.ma Loo Louao manna
OL.OL LLL.o m.¢ om.ma 0L0 oouwm 0-5
LL.NL mom.o m.w 0L.ma owe Lmumm o-w
LL.LL mLm.o L.« oL.oL ALL wmumm L-H .pmm
LL.LL mLH.H L.L ou.om one amume 4L-mm

m “Hana
LL.LL Lmo.a o.L on.om LOL mw-ow mmnom
LL.LL mom.o L.w oa.Hm NHL Lwnmw mmuLm
om.LL LLm.o L.¢ om.LL LHL m¢-o« mmuom
L¢.Lm LLN.H ¢.L OL.NL Lop LL-LL mauba
LL.LL NLH.H m.¢ oa.Lm Lab .LL-¢L Lauwa
wo.©m m¢o.a L.¢ OL.LL LLL LLaaL Lanaa
0L.LL Lam.a L.L 0L..L amp omuwm OH-L
LL.LL LLN.H L.L om.LL emu Lmunm L-L
«L.Lm LHL.H o.L 0L.¢m ALL wm-mm «-m .nmL
0H.LL LL.H H.L om.wm man Hm-ma H-0L
LL.LL 00H.H o.L om.L LLL waned mmnbm
Hm.om LLH.H H.L OH.LL mop Lasna omuwm.oma

a meL-H QLHLLL
.mna .mpfl, .mna .wnq

.3 .0 ...m UGOSUOHM PQQOHmM UmuOSUOHM Pflwflm? EOHPSPOHH

LL prLmupum Lmh Lafig mpfig qH mmau mpsn

 

psmgflpmmxm map mo amusoo mg» mnflnso onpmm

haven an moflposcong yaw pgmflmampwa mo Unemmm

up

>H

. N; 7.4
(‘-F.

5-14

VJ;

._ 00.

L...

\4‘4

VIH‘.

59

 

 

 

LL.HL LLL.L L.L LL.LH LHL LaauLHL L L
LL.HL LLL.L L.L LH.LH LLL LLL-LHH L L .LLL
LL.LL LLL.o L.L J.LH LLL aaauLLL a 9
LL.LL LLL.L L.L LL.LL LLL LoauLLH LL LL
LL.LL LLH.H L.L LL.LL LLL LoaaLoL LL-LL
L;.LL LLL.H L.L LL.LL LLL Lnanooa Lmuam
L.LL LHL.L L.L LL.LL LL. LL-LL omuma
LA..L LLL.H L.L LL.LH LLL LL-LL LauLL
LL.LL LLL.H L.L oa.LL LLL LL-HL LH-LH
LL. 0 Loo.a H.L LL.LH LLL LL-LL HHuL
LL.LL ALL.H L.L LL.LL LLL LL-LL LuL
LL.LL Lma.a L.L LL.LL LLL LL-LL LuL .LLa
LL.LL LLL.H L.L LL.LH LLL HmuLL mcLL
-HH QLHmmm
HL.HL HLL.o H.L LL.HL LLL LL-LL LL-LL
LL.LL LLL.H L.L LL.LL LL. LL-LL LmumL
LL.LL LLL.H L.L LL. 4L LLL LL-LL HmuLH
LL.LL LLH.H L.L LL. LL LL. LLuLL LauLH
LL.LL LLL.L L.L LL.HL LLL LngL LH-LH.LLL
L LLLLa H a HLLL
.Lpa .LLH - :91000 .LLH .MLH -
.2 .o .m woodwonm pcwonmm cmoscopm pnmfimt noflpmpoma
LL LLLLLLLLL LLL .LHH:$ ., L>Hq LL LLLL LLLQ

 

ALLLLLLLOLV>H :.m-a

GO

 

 

33: La

NLIL

LL-.-
LL-LL

I I
’3 so ":3 N
b’) b) t) \f‘

I
N

01 LO (D H d‘
t0 :0 t? d‘ ‘2‘"

l
t")

r4 F4 N Ox? 3‘1

Hmlma
maloa
mavma.n®,

o pang

 

 

 

4 pH wuaH nowmwm

 

 

cofipnpoma
ma mqu

.‘l'a - --.‘l’i‘ .'-

m and

 

m¢.nm maw.o m.n m.om LLL
c .wm @Lm.o m.m ow.Lm cum
0 .mm OLL.© o.m on. m can
LL.om Lau.o m.m oo.Lm mum
LL.LH mnm.o L.m 0L.oq mmm
LL.om «LL.o w.m km.mm mam
wo.ms LLQ.0 m.m LL.Lm mmL
mo.p.m Lom.o m.n om.mm wwm
oa..m mam.o L.n LL.LN mama
mm. mm mnw.o L.w .m.mm saga
Hu.mu mob.o L.m om.Lm mmoa
cm.mm moo.a L.n mm.b m omoa
No. me 000.0 m.& 02.0% Nana
LL.LL LL9.H o.n mm. mm wmoa
wm.om mmo.a 5.0 om.Lm nmoa
mob. .9: 1 F LPN immbhll
.3 .o .m omosoopm pnmopmm Lmoswonm pmmflmi
LL .zszLLLLme LLL LLLA L>+q
psmaflnmmxm map mo mmhsoo map mmapdw onHom

hwwnn hp GQLLQSUORA was

how

>

pmwfimsm>fla mo oncomm

1.1- (..‘41MH .HL

 

 

LE.Lm aww.o b.n mm.om mmoa Beaumoa ma-wa
bo.Lm “No.0 0.» no.mm LLQH «caumoa na-aa
mu.¢w 0mm. 0 m.n on.Lm Lona aorunm oa-m
mo. am mLm.o n.n oo.Lm oaoa LL-Lm sum
o¢.nm mmE.o m.n nL.mm mam mm-mo L-m .Hmu
LH.LL mmm.o ..n 0L.E Ham mmuom a-nn
LH.LN LL0.H D.m am.Lm mega mm-um ma-bm
EL.LN mom.o o.n om. om Lam mmuww mm-wm
mo. mam.o o.n om.fim an LL-HL mwuam
gm.mm mam.o m.w oa.om mum nwumb amuwa
no.am mow.o m.n om.mm LLL bbump Lauma
oo.mm omm.o o.w oo.mm mom Lb-mb «H-ma
wm.mm Law. a m.» _L. n59 ab-mm HH-L
mo. LN mno. o «.9 .ML LLL LL-LL mum
Hm.am auw.o L.n nu.mm mam mmumo L-» .ku
E..m «aw.o n.n oa.um who mauqo m-mm
wo.mm cow.o m.m no.5m mom no-5m Em-mm
LL. LN Hom.o n.m om.bm LL» LL-LL wm-mm.pmm
. m ...: .99 :11: . m3 .mnH l
.H .o .h Lmosnona pzmopmm wmosuopm pnwfloh mofipspoma
LL LLLHLLLLL paw MHHA mpflq SH mama mpgu

 

Awmscflpq00v> H m4

 

 

u.Qm Q¢H.H o.w an.Ju gnu nOJag wHJnH
mm.0J 0mm.a m.w om.nm Haw sQJJm NHJOH
mw an wan.a H.w ow.an nww nuns JJ5
mo.an mum.a w.w qw.mm own «a m_m QJw
on.an Jam.a n.w cm.qm ,mu amJMm m- .pmm
na.mm mwm.a m.w Jo.nm mam mwuow nuum
Ha.mw _ nmm.a w.w ow.om Hmm memw mNJJm
wm.vn paw.a w.¢ am.aJ wan meaw mNJMm
mm.og mum.a o.¢ oo.mn mm, ,anm mmuao
on. yo mm¢.a o.w am. pm bfiu QNan mHqu
wo.mJ on.H ¢.¢ om.an wwm nanan oaJwa
on. an owm.a m.m ow.Hn 0mm quwc nanJ
.Hm mam.a p.n om.mm mmw JOJnm o w

Jb.wm man.a n.¢ on .mm saw Jmem mum
om.on nom.a m.¢ \m.an mm” Hmuma ¢Jm .gmw
om.on omm.a J.¢ no. on mam waned anew
mm.mm mmH.H m.w om.wm new mAJmH amme
o¢.mm mam.a n.w om.wm 0mm mHJoa mm-wm.om\
.mna .!. .mnH .mpH. .mna

.o .m dmoawopJ pcoozmm amozwonm pnmflma :oflpnpoma

aw JgHmesm paw MHHA mpflq a“ mama mpmg

 

1‘ 111 ‘4 1‘1" 1"! {till

 

pmmsflnmmxm map mo mmpdoo mflp maahzw weapmm
manna an nofiposwopm Una pgmfimzm>fla ho waoomm
.Aoww 38 mp. oq boo

H> Huang.

 

 

bJ.qm noa.a o.w 0H.Jm can wa Jmaa uJu
Ha.pm noa.a v.w N am 90w HHHJJOJ w-“ .pm
ma. m mua.a b.¢ on. Jm one QOJJ JoaJ HJon
Ha mm bmd.a n.w om. om new moa- mofi mmem
Ha mm JmH.H n.¢ om.om abs anJooH 3mJ¢m
ow.um JJ«.H n.¢ 90.0m sow «Jme meHm
wm.an QJJ.H m.¢ oo.um mam gaon omeH
pm.um baa. a w.¢ an.om mam naJam JAJmH
mw.mm oom.a m.w am.bm bmw omew «HJNH
wm.mm Hma.a n.w on.bm new pmeJ HHJm
o¢.nm wwa.a a.¢ no.JJ 059 «meo mJo
wm.Jm opa.a m.w no. “N mum an» an .awa
mm.an wom.a a.w am.wm Jaw waou mem
nw.um baa.a J.w J .uc mm mmJJb bmem
mn.»m bmH.H m.w om.uJ mww meap memm
mm.wm mma. H H.¢ oa.mm JmJ monu Jmea
ww.bm woa. a o.n on.Jm wag ooJJO mHJ 9H. 9mm
.mpa JtJ .mpfl, JJ .mna .mga

.3 o ..m umoswopm pcmopom vmofifionm piam. nogapoma
aw Jwahgmppsm paw MHH: m>wu ma mhun ogna

AwmzaflpcoovH> H4m<e

nC

 

mm.ow owo.a o.m m.mm oaoa wmnom HNJJm
no.9w aou.a m.w o¢.om boaa mmJnm mmlom
un.ww mw¢.a o.m mm.m¢ noaa manna mmnnm
mo.om mnb.a b.m ow.no amaa nwumw mmnmm
ow.ow omm.a o.w qw.mm bmaa ownww mauua
ww.mw mmo.a o.m om.m Haaa mwuaw manwa
Ab.b¢ omm.a m.m ow.oo mmaa ownwn nauaa

mm. m mus.a o.m oa.nu mafia union oaaw
nu.0m mau.a H.m om.om awaa wmumm bum
Hm.om aw .H o.w om.mm bwaa anumm wum Nsm
n.wm mno.m w.n o¢.nn maaa nmugw Alan
m.mu mma.a w.m o¢.m m¢aa nmnwm mmnbm
ma.mm mgm.a ¢.m ow.nm mwaa mmnnm omuam
mm.nm dwo.m m.n om.wn uwaa nauma mmnam
0.0m mom.m m.m ow.mm omaa oAJwa omuma
hm.;m mwa.m o.n 00.59 mwaa nauaa banma
os.mm mmw.m o.¢ ab.wm ouaa oauo wanma.omw
.mpa .wpa .wna .mua

.1 .o .m vmonwopa quOLQM umOdUOHa :mflmh soflpspvwa
aw pmmamppzm pg” m-fiu m>H4 ma mamm mpsn

 

 

pccsfipmmxm may we mmpsoo oz» mcflpjw coflamm

A

1.1)Ju4. .43)
. C ,JJrL» . CC

HH>

0d

1..
P .

.OHH

Jade

“:03

mwmun an coflpojwohm was pzmfimam>fla ho waoomm

 

 

 

_o.nfl who.a >.m o .QJ mafia maannaa mmuum
ma.Jw mau.a b.m nv.am Mmaq NHHJOHH omuwm
mu. bx mao.a w.m ou.>m omaa moanboa mmuam
ma.bw mmm.a u.m nu.»m moaa coauwaa dmnua
Ha.» ub0.a u.m m.nm moaa noanava nauma
¢5.Jw oum.u u.m 90.5m 39a: doanwm waum.
wm.3w mum.a w.m O¢JQm n.34a balm» Hana
00.0w mom.a o.m qw.bm b, as J wJo
mm. aw mmm.a s.m 00.nm m.naa gum” mum .Hnd
ww mm.b.x mwm.a ©.m mm.mm oaaa mwuom muwm
, mm.m¢ mmw.a m.m .w.n boaa manna 5mumm
ww.mw gwo.a w.m 4m.do :maa 2) Qw fimumm
mv. nw uwu.w m.m v@.om mmaa mourn Hmum
mk.pw wbm.a w.m om.wm woaa ouuwm Jaama
m. mw mwm.a w.m do.mo mafia avian mauma
wb.mq nmn.a o.m wm.nm mnqa ounce manna
u«.¢w vow.a ¢.m am.wm maaa nouns «nu
oa.ov buw.a m.m am.nm maaa won. ouw
¢H.mw mam.a m.m dw.uh nmaa aoumm mla .nmm
.mna .mna . . .mnH .mpa
.H .o .m wmosvopq pcmonmm nucngHm pumam . donspuua
Jhgw Jsfiampude pub, MHJH _qu cM?MMJ: wMM:

 

“mm afip:0J VHH> mqmue

ma.mm mAHJH w.n 60.38 ova mouse and
w¢.uu mam.a a.n mm.nw . bun mmJ m nJH .pom
mb.mw owm.a a.m dw.a¢ moo omnww wmnnm
wm.om omn.a m.m mm.mw an» nmlwm umlom
Jo.0m mum.a m.n 00.nn nan qunJ amem
m».mn omm.a H.n no.4w mmo wamw mmJom

quad 0 NJ mfluQOH HOW... q..v0\-cu...fl OD“ NunlngHJ mJIII‘x I1

NLL NL ..NL NL ~.x 1:: . < Cr .. n. [r

wb. m unu.a o.n 0w.ww nun Awnmn 0Htwa
no.nm naw.a m.n 0m.nw uwm mwuun nauaa
on.bw A Jnm.a a.m am.mw moo mmunn oauw
u«.bm wmu.a m.n om.m¢ .Jsp mmJan me
Hu.mm bum.a o.n 03.4% mm» mmnnm wnm .CUw
MJ.om awn.a m.n qa.a mwn omem HJam
QJJOO\J wasflu0u1 O.) GOO-aw 6J3. \J7u'n17u 12'.N.2

P L lkt .. C .r N; \.J. .J. . NLC WC a. no 0
mu.wm wan.a o.m on.bm owm. nmlma omswm
mm.wa mmm.a mxm no.mm wmn naum mmuam
ob.wm suu.a o.m mm.fiv am» wanna omuwa
4m.wm bmm.a a.m 09.9m mafia Han». manna
wmaum bwm.a w.m 00.5n odoa wlo flatma.omn
.mJH .wpa .mJHJ .mnH

 

 

o .p twoscopm pamoymg wmodwoum pxwamv dofipapoma
«w nfiamppsm u m maafl mbflq nfl mama mpuq

' 1"..-1

.3

 

 

 

ucofiflammxm mu go mmadoo wgp wcflpjw woflumm
mm :3 hp soapozcopm and pmhfimam>fia mo whoomm
Adomemoov mad .oz Poo

H H HP HANd

 

m>.on “an.a m.n ow.a¢ mama naacaaa mm: m
fin.wn mm.a a.n ou.mn mmoa oaauuaa omnwm
mp.wm umm.a o.m oa.mw mmea boaumoa mmlam
ww.wm mam.a o.m 3m.aw mHJH woaumaa nmuwr
mm.wm mam.a w.m oa.wn §maa again» manna
wm.am mum.a w.n oo.um nm_J wane; wanma
Jmm.ww Jum.a w.n .J.mm «mom wanna Hana
mo.uw na:.a 3.& 9A.o¢ mama manna wuo
om.mm wom.a NJu 3m.nn mmoa nwubw mun .Hma
w>.nm mma.a m.m 3w.nw Adda onuww muwm
0H.mw ama.a o.m m.aw oaoa Janaw bmumm
ww.um Hmm.a o.m ou.aw oaoa nwuuu Jmamm
uw.mu oom.a n.m am.m¢ mooa buumm Amuna
m>.mw nam.a o.n ma.mw nooa wnump manoa
@m.om wmn.a H.n an.m¢ mam dunno mdum
mm.mm nnm.a m.. am.n¢ coma umzow mauoa
mn.am mao.a m.m mm.nw mooa moumo mun .nmm
.mfiH, .mpa .mna .mQHJ

.H .w .m @moswonm pm¢ogmm amustHg pnmflm? QOHuvpow
mw gmgappsa gab may: m>H4 afi mam» msz

 

AwmssflpcoovHHH> mam

JRJ.
Jr».

68

 

 

 

 

.ouaox43 we .mna m v33 10% um .004 m on mm 3:0 I*
NMoH fiflobH I I *fl 2 r OowN DWIHD WHICH
mm.ma om.JH I I *w : : 0.5m I mnIam aIn
0n.m om._ua I I w : : 0.5m uqu¢ QIw
3w.m vv.ua I I w : : 0.0m mewa nIH .nmm
m-.m m .oa I I ¢ : : 0.0m anaw JDImm
m pawn
ow.m n .ma I I I z : m.®m oaI n3 wmIqm
m.m nm.ma I I I r : n.5m \nIn3 mmInm
om.m nm.ma I I I : z m. m wwI mm mmem
ow.w am.n I I I : : m.um H3Inm mAImH
on.» mo.¢. I I I r : m.nm umIam oaIwH
030.0.” Woflfl I I I 2 t m9 N .mmNIMLN HHIHH
06.0 O©.¢H I I l t : m.mN omlfio OHID
om.m wm.ma I I I : : m.mm nIIbH bIn
m-.b mc.aa I I I and 50H m.wm QIIwa wIm .th
oo.w mm.aa I I I I I m.vm nI I4H AInn
.m.u ¢w. I I I I I m. m 0H mmInm
H.m ww.oa I I I I I m.am DIM omIfim.omQ
.<.I PHJmfiIH arkq..w1%
.mga mQH mga mna .mga .um .Hn .naa
m.om: Ham: Ham: nomen Haoa mam no pupooa
.>stJ .@ 0mm camp aHo :uoo pawn maom mwawuaq ca mama mpsa
zOASpn .u. 3.b pmpwmp anvnhan II
pzmaflnmmxm mgp Mo mmpdoo m: m:HM:U ampwmmsfl wmmh

ob

.OWH

?oo

wH JIJIB
~ \. .
r Pl.rr.

om.aa oo.JJ Q J J : J o.JJ moanoH me
mm.JH JJ.nH o J I J J n.mm uqHona me. mu
mm.mH eb.ma o J J = J m.um JJJJJOH HJJM
mu.ma mm.m o J J : J 0.0m QOJJua JNJDN

... 13...:
m..MH «J.wa J o J J . o.Hm prmo omJJm
ou.ma on.mM J o J J J 0.0m JJJNJ nJJ3m
oJ.mH om.m~ J o J : : $.9m HJJJm JNJJH
3H.ma wa.mH J o J J : J.Jm mmJow BHJQH
mboHH fimomfi I Q I t t Noam OWIMQ ¢HINH
Jo.mH mg.ma J o J J J o J meom HHJJ
QJ.mH on.oa J o J J : a.om Jbeb wJ.
M .NH JJ.MH J o J = J n.Jm @JJJD mJn .HJA
NHNoNH bHoOH I 0 I t : Guam.“ .UBIHD NIDN
NJ.JH 0J.0H J o J J J m.mm obJow JJIJJ
3m.mg ca.oa J a J = J m.Jm boJmm mem
mm.ma pa.oa J o J J . ©.Jm JoJmo ameH
mm.HM mo.ma J o J = J o.mm HmJJm mHJmH
mp.aa wm.mfl J o J and qua w.mm JmJJm mHJnH.nmm

 

 

I . . I n In
omu4 .WQJ meH .WZ.4. .m H .JH... 0H3. IWDJJ
it?’ 7‘ --Vril,3l' :1 fr

 

 

.U.o m an.: anmm sopnpn H394 mam coflpnpoaa
.>H:v, .v.omm camp Hflo GHOn pawn mmom wmanmad ma mama mpnn
Io; np3 .w.n.h pm>ao> :nrpmon

“wasnflpcooVMH qufiJ

3 pMnHIH now?

J
JIIJJ,
, '-

r4
. ‘1‘
Cl
O
p
’1)
c)
I

)

 

70

 

 

mm.u4 a“ v4 J J Jm.w J J m.nm vaao mHJna
WW.NH Wwobfl I I *MoW : t 0. N GOIUO DID
aw.ua om.ca J J m.5 J J m.pm pmem me
mu.w4 mm.b4 J J n.w : : 0.5m memm MJH
mm.ma Ja.JH J J m.w J J n.0m JJJJJ JnJJm
m wand
0H.w mw.aa J J J : : n.9m waww meom
mm.m ow.m~ J J J : J $.0m meMw mmumm
oo.w mw.ma J J J n.um mesw chnm
ma.w mo.aa J J J m.+m mmJuw JHJDH
mo.w mm.pa J J J m.mm nJan oduwa
mm.m oo.ma I : : m. m nqum mHJaa
atom. “rauWothrJ I t t “.01.”. JHJJLIJN ..JrJIJJJJV
WCoxm Warhomufl. I 2 f Lobmw NIMM... NLIO
fimob ONJOH I : t WJPC WNION JIM
on.m ¢H.HH J aha Goa m.mm Hmuma HJUM
mw.v mm.oa J J J : J m.am QAJQH mmme
oo.u mm.ma J J J 6m m 0.mm mHJnH QJme
a pAJJJH

.aafi .JJH .MJH .ugd .JJM :3. .J; .mnfli

...owu amen msox soggy» 4$31 haw Soapspoga

.>fi:rr .w.omm camp Hfio shoe pawn mcom nmasmam nfi mwgn

gopnpu .u.4.t pmpamw :nwumon was)

 

pseuflnmmxm asp mo mmgdmb mfip.muflhjt wepmmnzfl mmmm
up .04 230

AC 3114 4.1...
Ky E _W.H , f;

-
.‘

nued)

—.

.;

(cent

,

2'.

J

.—« *1
Ala—(la:

.

L

’..]

II

 

 

0
>13 . writ-"smm bsmdrfinmdqmr or.
"“ ’ U‘ m 0 C3 C\ U W ti) J—J' (‘7 0» Lu 3 o: D- ta: [‘3 c:
C) ,I.) o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
("I Q) r-I ‘3 Cu. C\I r—I 0-7. [‘3 (J; t; [‘3 0-16“ r-J r-4. C; r-I C“
I. r-*{ r~I r~I (—I r-I r—I rv-I rl r—I r‘I r'I r‘I I r—‘I TN'I r—I r-I
0
'fj . 7:4 KL; (”.‘. (J'I 9;) (‘H (1) «:4 «f4 IQ J) (:4 (O 5. TL) 0 'I“
. (I) (U (L) f’I L!) D‘ B KL" Li) '1‘ D' L: Li) 0.2 O LU t“ L"
J‘ o o o o O o o o o o o o o O o o o
‘1) P.) LC? 1-; '3 LL) t-) 9;) LC) ‘
f: I’“I F‘I I'I r‘I J"1 H r'I
C? H
‘.U '.U
‘1‘- ‘1‘ I I I 10'0”.) ’0 J ’O
JD '..-2
—: r—I .
1-H .15 :3
(.3) (1‘ ,5) '0 '0 "-3 J I I l I I
’ “I
.;—)J . '
2 9—4 .‘I
$4 .3 ,7 I I I I I I I I
f) +3 J J
() f“,
4.3
.——4 *3
:3 ”3:: :::::: : t:
i“) [A
3: J-J
i: : r)
O“) ”3:: : ttttrr :t:
m E J—4
:3
9-4 o
H t», U) Li) ") LI‘) 2‘? LL! (O L!) 0-3 0 L0 (I) 0-} "D 2O [‘3 C\? ")
.'.) .U ,1) o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
(9—4 I r'I ’1 ‘5' 2‘ '5?) J: 1.1: I: h“. L») r'I C C r—I F‘, C D 0“)
I 0] C22 (‘2 C‘J OI C»? C " Cl (\1’ C‘x) Cl C . OJ ('3 r—I Ca}
' 4
{3.
(>3 0 F) In '1) r— '34
"“I "“I '33 I") O? U) '1) ' :4 “II C“ ’f) 1‘"?- ‘TD ‘3 1’) r) ’7 r“I rv‘I
+9 1) t.) L\ D- L\ LA) J) 'L.) O‘: J) J) 3) H r—{ ._4 r—‘I J-I
$0.6 IIIII IIIIIIIIIIII
:>J+-) 'fi E» "3 t) I) a}; (AH-()1) J-—{ '1‘ L\ .’D I“) 'D '.D C21
:5 J1) .) u) D. L~ LN C~ 41.) J2) LL} ('3: J: O '3 ‘3 (3 .’7 J—4
I 53 J-J J4 J—J .-J A
H
(3.
4..)
:LJ Li3wv-!'.“L\ _r-—I*:”L‘~’)r’.".)‘t3
q; .3 J—J. ammo} an L3 u.+.-+—4mc~2c: .er-J J14
4" J—4IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
E I V) (I) O} C .. [1“) H 1;} E") “:3 <‘.) C! U.) 4) .-4 .414 [N ’j ('2‘)
‘ 1 r-J "i r4 C“._2 (3‘? _I Cd r—‘I H (—4 C2 ‘0’! ‘0 J D)
o o O
“J J) I ' i4
3 CD 1) t3 1
r-.I III L4 f 3. u
v". :3;
l” r.‘

){II

{'1 ' "T‘
..’“...

I

J

m"

' (i'?

I llii.

.‘\-v

V .

7.)

 

‘4VV\
(.21-

. .___

‘1!"
sax/J haw

O O
> 'C:
.r—g ’
:5 0
~-. a)

j_,

I-l

.g‘fi (1 '
..‘!

mo
3—4 "'I
'.2) '21)
{1‘ (1‘
I

H .11
C) (1‘
- c
’“1
r—0
'1

1
.I‘.

y -.3
O +3
(g: r‘

1 C)
O Q)
rm“:
”"I 1

L.
r)

,4
1'3 .2,
9—4 '1

r4.
‘ 9
,4
Li
:2 .~
.H .———{
p
U) {Q
7‘: 43
LC 0
I \I
r‘".

G)

 

1 a

If)

,1”)
r4

LENS.

,
. ..
.uLluLJ.

4.;uJ

—‘

'”‘)
O

’J

(7)

t W

[Q [‘3

”.3 D)
r—{r—4

I
LI) r—-—I

F'-

L)

r4 r4

<r
H4

”J

L0

(\‘f
C‘ ..

“
I‘V

r")

Ch

9 r7 __ q a;

'I

1’.)

.'.“ ‘t

I
LJU

.V‘J

f,

0.5

N

. r70
'.J'J-

r?
;

h

b) L.

~34 L1}
r4 r4

02 a?

t~ r4

(f?) r—«J
r—‘I CA!

L). tJ

H

.‘ t")

,—

5
‘t‘U

A

Li)

#4
cu

"AI

U.-

'I

v

-*).'3 CD")
c» u)

I,

"

«Jov

C)

LO

,_4

r‘.*

'2
LJ. ‘..)

L5)

\

l“)

lxé .EjEB
l.

\)
(NJ

.) '1
'.l ..a.
n
v.1

n
r? I

’0’33

r:
I»,

\
Lu 0
9
rd

“'7
Ju

l."
m
x.‘ o

)0

u) x) u) a)

II

'."3

,G
‘.t

H

(D
c1

'9

o

('1'?

t”)
Li)

do; .

L?)

134. _

(‘
'\
L.

gLLL QC-

,-

 

 

 

AwmucflpnoovHH

1.33:4
FL: ’I. E

OI... ) I1 \oI I.-
xd.\y.». .‘J..I \IJOQJI Q ' I h’ b. n _r.NU OHI—T'vrfil. ... .VIINLF
II V . ... N . . v ..
§1.«4 »M.Ii ) I 3.H) bfiHIOdH 34I$4
’\f.L (.1. I. M . If; 'I .5 5; U E 'K I u I. r < f.
i -I \JOIJ IJ‘. IL I 3941' J-
Wbonuw ,UMoaq. J I I : .. ...u {r MufirIO: _. Fr Hr
I l I‘- .\o“‘. . )1 ‘I III-
9.).HJ. fin. , J I I : t 0 Ch. HAITI; fir w
It I r A
.II I 5.. . . VI- ‘1) ) .'.)
whom“. ..‘... .30 0 I I t r u Ct 13.102 D L 4
'\ I\ .

. . . 3. 3 x J) #Id 4»‘
“lb. «\th- O.” .nlfl 0 ' I .5 O. In ht ”w '-.L !. .lu if
.I o I \voxJJ. ..IJIW) IIWAJ

UM. . 0.. J )_ bar. 9 I : ... .t , x. r... . _. .L
a. .4) \.\J 3.):de
manoq4 1.4.31... 3 I I : t 3 ....L ‘..‘Ibw TC Cr.
ll .. - CL . )) ..., I .I
\- . .\I INJ W'” I
NI.) 0 I14. I. o I A. .J I I z t C ., U 1 ‘.I .. ..u Jr. WC
I IL. Q. r .LL .I 0.. I
- II .\l0 . ‘...s- 5.1.} I) “J“; g
“1”). NH «.303,» D I I 2 T .u CD t‘uIrd DOIHC
.- I u .
. ‘ \II . ’1 )
.04.) IJle. ‘1“ D ' ' O . “I. .\~Id ”J'l I\L U'.\I..4
0C UH ...MC .1.» f . . .. r PL . I !
‘4)4. 1..
HM .‘\V_.#,I.n
I I . I .‘J-D ‘ j 4'_J
3J.54 Cb.a I 0 I : r 0 av FDILB b" u
‘1 w r l a
. o) . ..M‘ ”T...I)...J.
\. I I ..‘. I _ \
-.F‘Omh an. qr“. I ‘.u t r j VLF. #NKLILC r . C...
FL \ I I .,
‘..)oJI ..ox). J )0...) IPIJJ l..._IIm,
firm», L.r WC nx I U I 2 s. r u? _ ..p r.
J)..JI “I ID“) I \J I t . O. 1) ”JIJIJ DIM/k.
{’.. [UP VP.“ 41v 3 o . » IL .f P . I
\. ,u .. ‘... 0 ~ .3 \J_. «I. O «Us-4
.‘..)‘OWU_ A} .0“) II D I to fir O h h; OOIKLU 0'". —H v-5
NL . L t C b P . 1 )Id
IN..\y I I
.\.\.I. O r J.- \l.» 0 ~12 | ..I’. 'l — o .111 9... A... ‘ruo- A 0 (Inc
‘Irl. Huh (I! r. {v n. o u
.1 ) O ‘.a I ... . \I I! I ' I .0 ..It ‘4 I.‘ \..0 \OI-\J.\\IM ..u m‘ .
.'..”F .U ... QC CC \cu film/UH “I; r a; ...I. ..L [1. LC -.L . ,1
. . o 0 J o I\ 0)).1.
...-‘11 .9 I _I 0A4 .10. .114..1 ,\.lu Jliu .uur .x. I... L.
. rf I. c .17 , .rl .I r r p. Ir 1 r V III
1 III ‘\I CI \- 4‘!
a - I ..I \ Io1 S ‘.. v. I.
.7 ac. +311 4441 roaa A AL. :;: .CHH::Q;
f Q .I F . f . . No \IJ]
J. .. 4 .) I . I 04) J u .u 444 . fl~\u. .
O I \a‘ 44 4‘) .\l IJI) ) .Iu . a". .4 14H r r
Ls H3...FI “K O .‘..AWIH rhvur. ,Lr .r ml L H» PHIL]... +|Hv . m FPIK ‘94r q ‘ F} r as .l m I+ v
‘0
I I. I 0 O .l ‘J ‘1‘ 4-.. \1)_ \I
.3 .34 u a. 1 1d -, 1

4

I11

(I?

71

$11 I

 

 

 

JON mu. 78 $911599)
Feed 115:: sted uLiI‘iI‘-Q' ti ,3 1,; urse c the 87(12121‘1115; .t

1thl'-:.i

gate ;uys in J1fa1 a game Val urn T.J.J. Tguiv.
11ctzticn “by “:51 Lee': Rec'd.

‘I .. ‘ ‘ fi ‘7..- _

1:3 _:g Q3. 1:. 1;:. 11;“

c. g-zo 1J-12 15.5 SJ SJ 12 ”1.63 17.53
gv-wg 13-1" 21.3 " ” " SJ.54 16.77
8J-1 16-1c 31.5 ” ” " CL.CJ 17.5)
x. 2-4 1: $1 :3.J 1J0 1)) " 21.3; 17.33
2'7. “ “ ‘7 ' h" ' II I! II {‘1 '7} 777 {"7
0-7 L“: -v—a': .1. o) ~4- ob‘p a—t' 0 v0.3
é-l) 23 3 21.3 " " " EU.'1 1*.C7
f1-13 Zt—S $1.3 " " ” S'.Lé 17.6,
l‘t-le “1"?3 230;.) I, 'I 'I 2103",. 1703‘?‘
17-19 34-36 21.5 " " " :J.Cé 1€.EC
EJ-BC 3,-33 77.0 " " " 2'.E& 17.3)
23-25 uq-afl :Z.J ” " " 21.36 17.3?
2Q—2* 43-1; 21.5 “ " " 2‘.d¢ -C.Ez
St-ol 1c-uc “7.0 " " " 23.88 17.03
b. 1-3 éJ-ul 23.9 " " " 21.35 17.73
4-6 52-51 1:.J ” " " 1-.é& 16.0)
7-9 75-5 21.0 " " " EJ.41 11.07
lu-12 ug-GQ 27.2 " ” " S .38 17.73
13-15 61-63 24.2 " " " 21.31 17.74
16-15 64-66 21.5 " " " f7.33 17.E3
1J-2- GV—GJ 27.3 ” " " 21.76 17.33
82-21 73-72 22.3 ’ " 7 21.32 17.13
25-27 73-75 22.6 " " " £1. 7 17.?)
23-2 7 -73 27.2 " " " 23.38 13.75
r. 3-5 73-81 27.3 " " " 11.50 17.43
S-é ‘2-84 21.3 " " " 21.36 17.77
“-11 57-87 23.2 " " " 21.53 17.53
12-14 ES-SD 23.3 " " ” 21.53 17.33
15-17 21-33 24.3 " " " f1.?6 17.77
17-20 94-96 24.3 " " Q 2 .84 17.C7
21-23 27-89 23.3 7 " 9 21.53 17.43
24-25 104-102 21.0 " ” 9 21.54 17.‘7
77-79 1J3-105 $4.5 " " 9 19.64 15.51
30-1 1J6-1OE 27.3 7 " C 16.78 14.31
r. 3-4 1J3-111 23.2 ‘ " 9 11.65 1&.JE
5-7 112-114 22.0 " ” J 18.3) 14.5?

F'— ‘j' '3 ~--~.
.L;Luu-; -(~-L.Ll

 

 

/\ '.‘-v ' ‘f‘ I ‘,‘y 7- 1"
UV HU‘V‘J“““VH
39 d 4»»un+ ~ 1 .
‘ ..‘-UK- gue l l'i‘lrl-r: 1' +..- " ~
L “AU 4'41; C )UT'E’? Cf t-I'V s" I'wr‘w4- »
*’ A,U_;ivnt
. r -
“QT. .1 . . o '1
*8 FaJS 1n Lifalfa m w n L-vnh
" _. v‘ J L;
liictzlf"r\f r~ .‘. '.J‘. \Vcrn ””3131; ”q H ‘Y *3 -V L
JJ-dl‘ ;_u37 13,1‘,4'_‘,1\.fl1 ‘ I“ AOAJ.‘\. ‘111‘!
“V “’1’“. .A 11' “) ‘..- '3/1 ' - ‘ -
$ by; do WBC'E,
7p
..';JQ. ~‘ '.. ‘ *1
'4f. va. "LS it F‘ “ ‘
flea 1° 1- - - ’ *“0- —uo.
~ »- ~-;+ c-LJ ~_ g
1 5. r, ‘ ‘/l_).l :
+0-1, i“‘? 0: P - lo - G” a 1
l) 7“ 1 ..‘-k ~".;) - 1 _ ‘J‘ 0‘20 $9072
0‘40 .-.! ‘ a .‘J - P ."f
_L": ‘0 h n - i C" '1 n r-
‘7“. 9n ‘tou - l ‘ V. I ..'-00:16
01 ,. u {-4 Q - 1; bl .‘Kl. 4- ....
LE‘EU 23-22 on 3 * ‘ r7:1. Ed 7n no
27-99 on r ~“° - 1‘ ‘." L!- a
~ uu“20 0' - J ‘ 19 30 it no
'2.) ‘g ,_ . ‘ 5“!- .0 — ‘: N U. 9.2.. ‘U.\;~;
“.-‘ 2U-2~ 0n 9 ~ - la so “ W”
Tr. o " Lg! .. - w , VOKJLJ ‘Lb :
0 A o 2-4 f);}_;,—‘ . a .LIJ - (‘fi "1‘ ‘ ovb
by I); 3 . J 534'- L0 in l“!
r' "P N" 0 17‘: - o *3 o {3
, . - n
0‘7 .g-én hr 0 U - - n c 1r ‘
.- ‘ ”1 Mu.’ w _ ~.uU L; v9
E-LU 35-37 a. ” lU - 93 7Q 1L'LT
11-13 up 4 ”J°5 " lo :n°n *U°*U
- .‘. r*— n - u " .\
1 « ~ ~ U“ J 41}.3 " 1" ' ‘° ‘0 lr7og
__ -: “ fi"? .. ~.~ -. p”
:f ‘U ‘1*-‘-‘-U S .3 oy J 29.1.30 i7 3“.-
I" . " O {‘4
lf—lbl Li‘ft-‘Atd h ‘ l) - 2:2 ‘1‘) 1" 0
0' “v.0 'v "r '”H +5 '
LJ-BB 47-40 at i 40 - 9C 67 03.”;
a: CH‘ cw r" “9-3 ” 1* N ' ‘) ~Locg
Lug-'54:.) .JH'J—‘q or . +0 .. fix
‘ v.9 "‘1 J o “ “‘x) 0 "fl
9'. f‘". r-rv . ."U. ’ ‘.. "‘).L J
an 1 . ~u.o » 1r ~ ~v~ -;. L
NO-Ul sou-K-J' r7. , .LL) a. QC: er h
w b U~' - J.o ., 1: ~d-uu r;J.75
‘8 0 1-3 r-fl.) :7 A .5. ‘ -— r) (
U -(JJ~. _ - V .'.? ), .~—\ ,
v 54:: J ,— "4' .v‘-\.) , . 09
4-0 do ~1 - - la - n» n. v~'
‘~‘Om 3J.J ~r ‘“-¢L 3‘ 49
-0 ‘f‘. 1 .- - *i - n r, i‘:. .J
7 U (JV-C7 2 ' ‘- ~ “I 2 0‘3 pt) [30
‘ 1c) , _ v o - lg .-. . _,
lJ‘sz, Cf:—-7O 0;; 0 fl 4-0 - “3.3 (.‘0 w F
13 15 71 0" an.“ ~opa 1c :”°“~ ~Lo7e
..'h - " . ..’ -\J *‘J - ’..
a 1m ..’, '2on - i—ll‘.‘ "" (”b.1133 21L. :1
10-;C’ 1-fiz: ‘ "‘~’U-L LL) _ (3 . ~ "
‘1 I b h(_. -\ 1‘ sub 0 n' 7711'
O- ‘ F ”"V L30 1C ° ” “+otd
'1 2.1. '77—'70 n ““v - Q ‘ r“)
(“n (‘1 ' .'. ;;!.5 99 r- "~41”. :U 0‘: 7:,
. w ,- .. ‘ - V"
~~-~% cJ—EO 0‘ n 10 - 0" W~ n- ,9
a: 9 1 '~ ac.o n ,F ~‘-vU ¢;.99
LU-vu'? ;.'7_:4f_‘ (N.- CLO - 0 ' ‘V" .J
‘U ‘-’U ' '7 - at; 0.3 W an
0': 9 “J'U ‘ i5 . N“ 0 "/
hi, ‘ - :4‘ " h \ - 1‘ .r’ or A ' ..‘
V 5‘! . 4 0" ,1 ‘ “ .‘. ,.
‘ar 7 T ~U-cb w .0 w 10 ““J°r “/odu 7i.c5
.‘.U . 0-0 r4 1-2;] (x) '.., A4 a ‘3')". .'.Y7 (3‘ 1
6 C— ,_ r — .‘. .Q y . U ', I (S l" ‘U ‘( . .1, 54.:— . _?
_ W 33—34 “W 5 w *” 0 57.7? n“ a?
v_-'| l n— N" 0 ' lo u--. ‘u
A Ju—”7 on n N 3 on 43 0‘
10-1” ,- f“, ~9.J " 1° n ”‘° b ~L.73
~ * vw'Lua n¢ a " ~ a 27.43 r1 a
: ' "’ '°U 1 r? . 4.4. ‘ ,
19-17 101-107 0‘ h L” 3 9 [Q 0". t
we 0 1 v ~-.: » ~~ a ~~-2~ u..77
*“~0 L 4-106 03 o “a v 2“ 79 h" r4
“.1 rr—y . ‘4‘]. Y, r:- ‘i. H ‘1‘ 4
4L-do 10"-“ a n- - la 7 96 c ..T‘
0 I * 3 (“.0 " 1r 0 “”'“P OZ “7
. a n ,l - J _. . 4 ’J'._.II.
wit-(,0 ll.’ ..ng r): ,3, *d 3 0“,- 7‘1. 0,? :n
27-2a 117 1‘” ~~~d ” 15 n o—"‘ ““‘b’
V .1. -' " 0” 2 . . '2
0 *id we.5 " l“ L “°°“C 23.7
L2 - 9C) tin .
NUOVN 0‘ A1
L. ted

‘1Y’T--".".T

F’ {r V' n15,’w. \
uv- u-v. 1-... \J\_' ..x;.. A)“,

 

 

 

reed 1ugestei during tle spurge 1f tLe €X”‘r;ncrt
gate 33Ys in Alfalfa che Corn -? 70. A V “32225
ILcctutiLml Lay' .49ul “**‘Lu/ -.-;“. ryyilE.
h-0 d. rec'd,
711;. 33- 1:3. IKE **. 1-
° -~u- 1L5.
190.12-14 6-8 37.2 _ _ 1- "I
15-17 9- 11 23.3 _ _ g -§.cg 11.62
15-23 12 11 2705 - - o 7 if’g9 l$°56
21-23 15-17 25.5 - _ 11°: 2:.22 15,55
21-23 12-23 22.2 - _ 0-0 ::.:2 16.2
27-29 21-23 23.3 _ - 1: éf°32 7°5'
50‘1 22-25 23.3 133 - .: ff’39 .7’97
Jan. 2-4 27-39 2£.Z " - : £3.0J 1?,97
5-7 33- 32 23.5 n _ g 22.9% 18.07
8-10 33-5Q\ 20.6 n _ 1: ::.?: 17.14
11- -13 32-32 29.0 n _ T: ::°:w 17.33
14-10 SJ-él 27.5 n _ *: :n’-” 15.?0
17-19 42-41 g .6 n _ : :;.§6 17.80
21-22 45-47. 22.5 n _ ; :é'fr 12.81
23- 25 49:73.53 2: .0 n ‘- 1: ::::o~)\) 13,;1
25-23 31-53 27.5 n _ *: :;.§Q 17,37
29-31 54-5‘ 2c.3 " _ 3 32"“ 47°50
Feb. 1-3 57-59 23.3 n _ : :;-%3 17.5J
4‘b 6"02 21.3 1 - is fz°if }§°§4
-9 33-33 27.0 " 12 Z 22°35 *?°"
10-19 66-68 35.3 " 1° :;.u§ 1:,57
13-13 69-71 g .5 n g ‘ 33.23 12.00
13-15 72-74 2’.5 » g “ :9.~- 12. 3
19-21 75-77 23.3 n 3 - :?°%§ }?o 9
22-21 72-30 22.3 n 3 - EZ'EQ *3'4?
25-d7 bl-CB 23.2 n g : 37-4? }U.OJ
W 22-2 21-2 22.2 n : 1o :3-os 12.43
mar. 3-5 67-4) 29.2 n _ 1: :3-£§ 13.21
6-8 93-92 22.2 n - ?: 32°58 1E°34
9-11 93-95 29.5 q _ :: 3:.f3 1:,34
12-14 93-“; 29,0 " _ 7; :;-;§ }:.47
15-17 99_ 29 6 q - i; ::.~o i€.$3
18-20 02-10. 26.6 n _ 1: c ii°§4 }8. 9
21-23 03-107 20.5 n _ tP-g g .JO 18.00
24-20 102-113 QQ_6 . _ :3-0 25.29 17.21
27-29 111-113 29.5 q _ 11°? ::. 39 12.03
“'0 go. 09 18.32

77

*\ ‘71:?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1-51.3 .w
Barrel Measurements
CC? 76
Late gays in
lactation Depth. Tidth Circumfer.
CL! . Gin. CL...
P5210) I
Jan. 15 25 65.5 53.2 210.0
" 20 52 04.2 55.5 205.0
" 7 53 *5.0 55.2 199.0
?eb. 5 45 52.0 57.5 200.0
" lg 55 05.5 5 .0 202.0
" 17 60 00.0 50.0 204.0
" 24 67 02.0 55.0 194.0
“ar. 5 74 64.5 55.0 195.0
" 10 51 61.0 55.0 195.0
” 17 88 02.2 55.0 194.0
" 24 95 61.5 50.5 200.0
J. 3.110.) II
Mar. 51 102 05.5 61.5 211.0
Ipr. 7 109 01.0 51.0 202.0
COW 77
gate Hays in
lactation Deptu Width Circumfer.
“m. Cg. cm.
PSRIOD I
Jun. 15 55 65.2 50.5 230.0
" 20 40 64.0 53.0 204.0
" 27 47 01.0 55.7 95.
Eeb. 5 54 61.5 50.2 195.
" 10 61 62.5 54.5 195.0
" 17 68 64.0 55.5 195.0
" 24 75 58.5 52.5 155.0
EZRIOJ II-Lar. 5 52 61.5 55.0 157.0
" 10 59 01.0 55.0 190.0
" 17 96 62.5 52.5 191.0
" 24 105 65.0 55.0 195.0
" 51 110 64.0 55.0 195.0
;pr. 7 117 02.0 57.0 200.0

78

 

 

 

 

 

 

TgBLZ }{V(continued)
C07 267
Date Jays in
lacta.tion Depth Tidth Circumfer.
0-1. 0:“. 0-1.
ICRIQD
Jan. 15 14 71.5 63.0 225.0
" 2) 21 0.0 65.0 221.0
" 27 26 75.0 65.0 222.0
Feb. 5 55 70.5 60.0 212.0
" 10 42 71.0 55.0 210.0
" 17 49 70.5 61.5 214.0
" 24 56 65.0 56.5 215.0
“2r. 5 "5 70.0 60.0 216.0
" 10 70 62.0 .55.5 215.0
" 17 77 66.0 56.0 211.0
IERICD 11
mar. 24 64 65.0 61.0 216.0
" 5 91 73.5 65.8 225.0
[pr 7 96 66.0 65.0 227.0
" 14 105 70.0 64.0 221.0
70” 78(0-YT305)
Jute days in
lactetion Depth Width Circumfer.
“1'1. 01.. Cid.
an. 15 5. 70.0 58.0 210.0
" 20 5 70.2 55.0 211.0
" 27 44 69.2 55.0 207.0
Feb. 5 51 67.5 56.5 215.0
" 10 56 66.5 51.5 204.0
" 17 65 60.5 54.5 206.0
" . 24 72 65.5 55.0 212.0
gar. 5 79 67.5 55.0 202.0
" 10 86 66.0 55.0 210.0
" 17 95 67.0 54.5 210.0
" 24 100 65.0 54.0 212.0
" 51 107 71.5 60.5 212.0
Apr. 7 114 69.0 55.0 211.0

 

MICHIGAN "A?! COLLEGE

moapwpomq 6H mama

 

d;

r.

AT “CHI 39.121" ran-on .T

T

'QflT‘VTT

. L‘Ixyr ...} vl'IIIrE‘I

 

MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE

......

lgaT\3Ttm Deaoaxxoo-QBE %?

MATHEMATICS

Days in Lactation

 

MICHIGAN ITATE COLLEGE

v

Q

9.

J

t

t.
1

deflpmponq ma mhma

ENT OF MATHEMATICS

A

 

aegxeqqna quaoxea

 

noflpmpowq ca 6569

 

 

(.

DEPARTM ENT OF MATH EM ATI ’

‘3

qagxequng queoxea

Ia

. .
Tvnv.§sl.4l+
. y iv .-. o

A 9....

MICHIGAN GTATE COLLEGE

l
x

 

MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE

coapmpomq aw mama

 

MATHEMATICS

(Sqr)4u819meAI1

 

MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE

noapmpomg ca mama

4.
1
+
f
v
1
1
pl

1

1
-r

§~j++I

4

1-.

~>

 

DEPARTM ENT OF MATH EM ATI CS

7

T881961

(SQT)1U3

{'1 ' .I (J‘- ~v f '1"
14'8“; - bVLbLmJLvLV

+v- -- ‘v‘rv. ~v
r
I

..‘- a . .
lcl iAlAUA-l.\- V;-L\IA‘

"\

V. " 'r e-V-v‘ ‘_‘ ' W" rr1 - (’1 '7
I4 I V' A , I ‘4 .. l' .- .
LL; .L_J.i UL 1.11 I .LJ..L.L..4.L4.; Val-J

.w'~v~

[n
U)
(D
(‘1‘
FJ
f.
'..)

1' . -, . u ‘ 0’ b
nuttexfet we a source 01 e
4". 4—. . Th

Autb", (.4'. . ~40

t'- v: 4-. I- I r. “ :ay ~ ' ..‘ "
1..€ V_ 651111; 101 ‘.s-l‘c'gl‘liw' L.
1

d
’ J
[I
I4
...)
O
H)
H)
g Q
cf
('11

H. ‘I U- aLAtA—J “45$ .JA..A.A-A—‘fi-I

Lelectlon of the rats
Lumber cf the rats and 5:0';in5
l...=xnz,~5ez.ent of the “at

. . q
4- «g -:.+~ 1. ‘.3‘

Lfls(_"l I' ‘4‘...r. \Ab -IrA

" ' 1' ‘ f t‘ h t‘ ‘D
I"' y‘\ ~ \ V\ {) ..‘! O.

KJKALAAi4.b‘Lr'. 0 ..KJ u UEALK—

.9
V“ \_ ,“' ' ‘-‘ ‘ x _. “I. ‘
flchlflg LL: tht91fut
‘5' V. "~.’. ‘I rs ‘ r- ,“- ‘ :
UCLlUbt$vlL Jf 0.010.:

‘.T";* ‘ ~‘:‘; I
15.-..JuJ—alu

v- .’V"" ‘1—_~‘.~Y
ULVvu-uqfigu...

"17‘ r‘; '.A ' 1 f I 'u‘ 7'

__ ‘..‘r 7" \ "\l." '
~U"“-&L-6L J~¢IvJ LIVAI vL-IVUL‘JL-Q

__ ..1.. ‘ ". ..‘
T;, j“. - 1 .- .‘ - lc! .
‘

'I._LL‘_.“\.‘-—I‘\—AL-‘ ‘4‘-

"‘ fi' ' .'
‘-l-i v-“A--£“

’...)

<0 (0

11

1

~ r- ,w
0113 LILL

exper

nvr -» ‘~ lam!- \?

16‘11‘v .Jvu11U.”

..‘Y .

innerlt 13663 vveivs

c engeu fron a basal ration very low in fat to velvet beans
uxicn c“: ‘inel 5.41 rcr cent ethe: extrstt. The possibility
of a difference in the biological Value of butterfat frfim
an 3613 fei varying levels of fat nas not been stueiel. It
“prearei desirable, therefcre, to study the resgonse of rats
to the butterfets produced bv ne of the cons usei in fart
one iuring different feeding periods, as well as the fat pro-
duced by a cow of tne control mroup.

227137 0? 11252 2633

Tarly literature on the need of fats by the animal organ-
ism, is conflicting. In the eirly works the essential value
of fets was usually associatei with the value of necessary
food substances Carried by then.

Osborne F21 Xenie1(1) stated that step? was one if the
first investigators to stuiy the mport;nce of lipids. ”e fed
mice with materials which had been thoroughly extrec.ei with
ether and elco‘nal. ".'ithin a few L'Jeel's the e;~;*eri;r;enta;1 ani-
mels died. The addition of alcolel-etner extracts of certein

7714“

terials

Kept the mice 21“:

11% 4—4. J. ~— .oU
observation that butterfat failei to renluce the missing
substance. A possible relation of tnis condition to e deficien-

("0

cy of essential fatty acids is un enable, since the life sus-
taining fnctcr Could be obtained from skim milk. Loreover,

he admitted that the f ctor locking was not e fat. This v; r1,

howexer, Opened the way to a new branch of nutrition. There
were other re orts on the value of fats in the diet, but tizey

were inconclusive(1).

McCollum and Lavis(2) also determined the iznpo once of
fats in the diet of rats. Sowever, their works showed the
essential factor in question was a fut soluble substance and

not the fats themselves.

...,

Csborne and Lendel's report during tne some yesr(5) is

('0

difficult to interpret. Tnev studi d the influence of butter-

fat on growth and found that rots could tr w to 140 days of
"e, altiLOusn ve ry subnormzlly, on fat deficient diets. The
weioht ficires egincided 'itn those obtained by Burr end Burr

in later years(6). The absence of ophthalmic symptoms demon-

strated that vitenin A see not the causative factor. Vowever,

H
(D
d
G

-e d'

P-w“

lard yrcduced no response when edded to t
Robertson(4), while feeding a ration of boiled-peeled-
mashed potatoes, defstted bran, wl.1ite of egg and chlorophyll,
observed that few weeks after tne initiation of the diet the
rats developed tail necrosis, inflenntion of ,ne fenis and
rectum, and languid movements. Hon ver, tne condition im-

proved four or five weeks after the initiation of the experi-

ment. About the twenty-second week a sudden and rapid loss

of tui-nt occurre with hyperirritability of the skin and
incessant scratch:ng. 1 month later the rats died.

Thirteen years following the report of Robertson,
chmis, Anderson and fiendel(5) proved that a small inclusion
of fat in a balanced fat-free diet produced optimal growth
in rats. Careful so ection and housing of the stock were
practiced, the rations were prepared accurately and exact
records of the feed consume ed were key t. The feed was moist-
ened to a paste to prevent spilling. The addition of peanut
oil improved the condition of rats which had been losing
weight on the fat-free diet. The authors made no conclusion
as to the nature of this response.

The work of Burr and Burr during the same year(6) settled
the conflictin> question of the necessity or essentiality of
fats in tile diet of the rat. They used three different fat-
free diets consisting of different proportions of pure casein,
sucrose, McCollum's salt mixture 185, supplemented with ether-
extracted yeast and the non-saponifiable matter from seventy

milligrams of cod— liver oil to sup ply the different vitamins.
The nutritive ratio of tne diet was cnz1115ed from 1:3 to l: 7
as the animals advanced in age

"Between the seventieth and ninetieth day of age", they
say, "an abnormal condition of the skin is observed. later
on the tip of the tail may become inflamed and the Wiole of
it soon is heavily scaled and ridred. neiorin- ic spots may

arise in the shin t11routhout the entire length of the tail.

The swelling of th e tip nay bradually be replaced by a true
necrosis resulting in the loss of one to three centimeters
of the tail. The hind feet become red and songwhat sw3llen
at times, in some cases with long scales over the dorsal
surfaces. The hair on the back of tse body becomes filled
with dandruff. There is a ten rdency to lose hair, especially
about the face, back and throst. Cores often annaar on the
skin, causing the anihal to rub his face o1t1nua ly with
his fore feet. The early outward sivns of an unhealthy con-
dition are soon followed by a cessation of growth slen the
animal is about twenty-five percent underweight in compari-

son to the “entrol receiving fat."

L11

esides the skin and tail lesions, L1rr an: Burr noted
a marked uniforri affection of the urinary tract and kidnevs
although 01113 animals died without this type cflesicn.
“omparisons to the symuto datolorv of vitamins A and B de-
ficiencies and to pellagra, eliminate d all doubts of com-
plication with these diseases.

Keither glycerol nor the non-saponifiarle portion of
lard caused any improverent in the ra
basal ration. However, thirteen drops of melted fattv acids
fed daily to a group, frote cted tiem comoletely. Ten drops
of lard daily cured the animals when in a very bad state of
deficie: y.

Evans and Lepkovski(7) failed to observe tail necrosis

as a specific symptom of fat deficiency. They have neve

noted this in their studi s. ourr and Burr(6) admitted, more-
over, that tnis lesion is liKe the one described in the works
of smith and Begin as a resolt of underfeeding.

The surprising results obtained by Burr and Burr when the
free fatty acids of lard were fed to deficient rats, led the
authors to search for the real fatty acid needed. he synthesis
of fats from car-c hyd urt11tes and the carbthiiate portion of
the proteins is universally known. There would be no deficiency
then, if the body could elaborat3 all the fatty acids in na-
ture. The fact that a real deficiency occ urs can be explaim
therefore, by the inability of the orgar isrn to synthesize
some of tiem.

Burr and Burr(8) proved with further studies that none of
tee saturaW 1 fatty acids occurring in hydm' oge natei coconut
oil cured the disease. Houeve Eure met yl linolate was ef-
fective. Two years later(9) they found that linolenic acid,
another unsaturated fatty acid, was equally effective. Cleic
and alpha-eleostea iic, an isomer of linolen'c acid, rroved in-

effective. A preparation of methyl arachidonate had a slight

however, Turgeinen(l0) fed thirty—three milligrams daily

..l:
O
( 7'
d"
(f
F4
5
b
DJ

of arachidonic acid in tne fat—free diets of rats ant
practically the same results as one-hundred milligrams of
methyl linolate, thus proving that it is three times as potent.

The question, therefore, of the essentiality 1f aracf idonic

acid remains questionnble. Wesson(ll) sug es tel the this

acid is an int; r 3di- 3t3 product in the metabolism of part of

the fatty ucids containing fewer than twenty carbon atoms.
Yvens and associates(l2,l$) In sinteresting studies on

the effect of a fat deficiency upon reproducticn and '<3tation

in the rat. According to their obserV3tions(12) normal re-

‘4
C.

production is impossible it: out tne esse ritiel fett; ~cids,

even wnen vitamins n, D and B were 513p ied in abundance. Lit-
terinv was retarded n3 to three days, eidity per cent of the

L)

young were born deed and the weir t and nunoer of the new

corn were very eibnormel. loor lactation was shown by the

. "' ‘ \ L. \ ‘ 4‘ ‘- 9" l -. ‘1 -" "‘.., e , ‘4 ' 4— . D 1,.
poor we1.3ts of tne yOung uh meuhlhb. ine addition 01 tne es-

(74

3'3 ntiel fatty acids brought obo t sirrnis1n"" good results.
Eutterfet or twenty-five per cent of lord were equally ef—
ficient.

Iaede r(27) confirmed these obsertm tions. Ie su' estei
net the cans etive f3c ore of rrolon: d st tion were the
lessened vitality or death of the fetdses, d>ciets~‘ tone of
the ebiominel and uterine musculature ant possible leek of

necessary normonal stimulation. I3 observed, noreover, tnnt

tne rocess of reproduction was early inpeired in fat deficien-

"d

V

cy, but that ovulation was effected late and recovered
promptly after fat feeding.

Male rats reared on fat-free diets lose their sex—inter-
est(13). This is contrast to E aviteminosis, where sex-inter-

est is preserved for a significant length of tine. Smell

')

quantities of the es ential fetty a3ids re tored sex-interest,

‘42

but fertility returned in certain ceses onl*. Tvens end es-

sociates stated tIut tie sterility in that case was froba-

bly due to e 1,"e degenerstion of tde testes. T-e iineir-
ment of nzle reprcdictive function resenblel tint o A uVl‘

teminosis.

OtIer investigctions on fut deficient rats have been
made by Burr and Beber(l4,l5,lé) and by Bu 1r and fiesson(l7).
These investigators reported the fat deficient rats have a

higher so cific dynenic ecticn of food, I Ii QIer bsscl me-

';ner me pir'tory quotients than normal.

in the body, but not of the essentiel type. In the nresence

‘

I possible relation of fete to txe tVyroi d gland is also
claimed. in tie nts:nce of fett
t:1yroidiszi even when iodine mus fed. Qccording to Enrr and
Wesson tiiS View is en; torted by the high metnbolic retes.
Iowever, their data also show that the iodine level in the
body proosoly plays no p'rt in tIe p oduction of fet-deficiency
synptoms

In 1956, 3incleir(l8) claimed that tIere is evidence of
synthesis of essential unscturotid fatty acids in the body
of the rat. I3 fed a trouo on casein, a salt mixture, yes st
and seventy oer cent of the total cslories in the form of

eleidin, supp enented nitI cod liver oil. After three to four

‘- ~ .- r “ _, '« we?» . 4 ‘4— + ._
Wuen e Qreosel deCiine in meioit set in. nt tnat goint ne

reeleced tn; elaidin with sucrose in tn diet of sone of the

(D

. s ,' '. ~..v..—~ 1 ‘z . . 'r. +11 +— -
rots. erontn .ab resimed infledistely. “e tnoux t test tie

v

k:qu

high intake of elaidin an} pr' other fats free from

Ch
U)
&
y:
(3‘
'..J
«4
0
P5

the essential fetty acids, prevented the "limited" or psrtisl
synthesis if these from the carbohydrates. The etnrce of

these acids is still unhno n.

fiutterfet as a source of the essential fatty acids

 

Sckstein(l9) analyzed senples of cotterfst from differ-

ent parts of the state of Licnicsn end f~ile9 to find a
large on: nt of lino”%c and linslenic acids in them. The

avera5es ne“e 0.2l per cent of linolic and O.l2 ger cent of

' ‘ ' ' 75" r-‘ ‘: ' - "‘ ‘~.—_" 1r ~I. - T ’0' "
linoienic. Ie sonitted, MoneVCF tint tnese Values were too

‘

low, since Iilditcn and comorl;rs(23,21) claimed tIet butter-

k

fat contained as mean as 4.5 per cent of linolic acid.
*cKstein also showed that the essential fatty acid

content of butter con be increased bf feeding feeds ric: in

v'

“~ " I‘d-V“ “1 'L n " 1“" ‘,’ “ 1“ I‘ " "‘,1“‘.‘.V ‘ fi_ ‘ l 4. .r‘v
tnus Shonlnfl teas lt IrudUCCD foEOu_bol3 afie i lmctstlon.

aese investi-

0-.1

The conclusion that can be derived from t

gations is that rats need linolic uni linolenic sciis fr‘
normal life, but tne anount they require is so snall, that
even b tter which co 1toins t on in limited amounts, can sup-

ply the amount they need.

actioz

LJ
0
t *5
H)
0‘.
(..‘.
I J:

Besides tIe functions of energy production and the es-
sentielity of some of its c’nstit uents for normal life, fats

l “ ‘ ' " ' "- ‘ “ " ' I" ' c' ‘-"v‘ . :\ ‘\‘.' . " * l , "' . '
have been found to ;;oss.:ss a Vitenin Jl Sjarll: action.

"5
r9
p
c+
U’)
’Jo
:3

In l928, Tvans end Iegrkovsk (24) noticed tha
501e unknoviz‘. may are related t» tie body needs of vitamin
as some investigators had previously reported. In l?29(?3)
they observ mi t 1at the addition of fifty ;er cent of lard to
the ration in the absence of vitamin Bl prevented the abnor
mnl condition ciaracte ristio of the avitanim' is in re ts.
However, on a ten per cent level of fat, growth was very poor.
Yeast added tn the ten per cent fat diet produced normal
growth. There hal been no chances of the fat being contami-
nated with this vitamin, since previous analyses had given
ne3ative results. In 133l(7) Evens and Iephovski Confirned
tIair earlier findings.

Three years later(24) since }re Jory, Drunnond and ateen-
book failed to s ow a vitamin Bl sgaring action by fats,

Evans ar id Lejkovshi d,no nstrated that the le.e of protein
nd vitanin G in tne diet play inpor rtant role s in this function.

floreover, different fats very in their El paring ability(25).

..') .1
‘y/

‘..!

(”N f!”
V

foil

11

Coconut o

‘\ *Yrq ‘v‘l f‘.
AaJ .A‘.

‘

1'1

.TTtl
¢.

1
11 L.

.-‘.p
. .L.

f

anzeLnlts

A.‘

1‘ "

ciu;

-,.‘.
«AA—

f c

3
1

x F

a
V
|

on t

fect

sits.

r»

t

1
~ .. *v- 1
17", 4.. CIT

’ J- _. '
5 '3
1x; V‘J v‘)t1

n
0 "~ Y‘.
\A .L A .

“lb i I; t

V'V‘ .

.v
u’

k
w

ll

‘Q‘I’ru 1 .z'. w 1'3
.4. Viki. Una“

The principal object of this stncy is to deternine the

difference tnet may exist between butterfets rr.dncei by cons

amount of fat, resnectively.
ninor objects are tne ietermincticr of the effect that
a diet devoid of fat will have on the animal orsnnisn, and to

obtain tne theCIniine of experimertnticn Wan rate.

I.‘ [v "XT" — I‘“‘v‘ V—‘-'v-Y)v“_i—;-y~' fl. (Ffl
a4;’.&i Va. .5 .- A .44-; J.~-LAs~-¢‘L

clect‘on of t“e rrts- Inrticnlnr importance will be

 

 

pie ed on the selection of the rut° since it is known that

\.

‘ ‘ o ‘ 4 c v _‘ ._ j I - ‘ 1. f‘ .‘ ‘ o ‘, ”'1 ( ’, r) _’
fnctors SQCJ es inniVLJunlity, sex, ate uni heredity nay aff,

tn Inirv sac ion and CflleStTy repertgent of tne ”loll‘bfl
Ste e Jolle-e will be used. Jere will be taken to group so-
cordinv to eni weight. The male parent of m'ft of the
snincls will be thz same to redice Fereiitery verintix s to c
m 311nm.

‘Ine nnximnn weeninr n e will b, three weeks. Tnis ri’l

5...
6
O

7’

we gut in enc:

? v "" f ‘ a ' ’
“inner 3f bets on

“7 “4 ‘ ’ . “Q m !- . 1 w 1 ‘ W‘ . ‘
. rcnpin - inirty neles uhd

"\J‘

. :- r'-. ‘r ' ’i 7%." ‘z "' ‘.I ." f~ ‘ 1
anti enctnaw_.iosititeatm-ntroi

A . Q‘p‘« ’ a " \ . 'l' . r _‘ ‘ ' ‘ . " I“ \ . . 1 I“ - ‘
tslpAt -31HJLS niJHL oe Oiiunxal lLtJ 1m: iots. .gis lo

ceive butterfat n singed b‘ 305 267 when fei the t

<
\D
i” ,
<2
(1
d"
0
FL
*3
C:
(‘1’
F4 .
L)
:3
o
a
I. ....
H)

n-r) ,'.‘ t w ‘10. ,,
so. \Vneix fed. .ge (LifeiiLw-so

...«L ‘- ...»; ...n. t '.u .7 ‘ 3-». o~.
:gu U-luueliu iiOMA’oi‘l ..‘; ..(JW

controls, fel a: alfalfa-cern rctisn.

stuiy Wl n; nece n1 Le as uni orm as Lossibie.

 

l‘ "‘
. _.
. btAVIJ
4L -.

.‘..

of he other group will receive

"1' % kn ‘ ’“.“. ’q C‘ ‘. " "j 1'; + b ‘L - . :- 1 ; ' ”WK 1 I, r\ . ‘1 - I" -_
[4.11. be an' diz- \AL 3".‘IA .L T .Lrl lefig 5.; b -4.\L(A‘I (éy‘i 3. lib-‘l:‘lt"l K» "1: ’lb ‘1 A
"p a ‘ ' " * j - I] ‘ l v.‘ 1 v- ' . - l ‘ +
3 f o". “(1 r) o; Y'xy‘l 3 __ u ,.> A v ‘ . 71 o. o_,
${th (1.16; ‘..;Atur L)~Jl'~r—'_1£4\A '.I‘je I”. _L1 l ebut-3 .LL lit, 1'9 (.1 9’...
.-
. ' ' ‘ , ‘ m
'V' V {P I.) f‘N *‘ d V a,» $ 1 - z .. ‘ r "L. fir \
smeCifxin.w t-o lot eroup ad n “up of tn: rat. L“? i>1Y
.'1* L L1 .1 ' . t .-.:n . - + A
\_ 1 r 3-1 1' *3 yr‘r),\ r-w I.rnrf~. wg-q 1..» . A} v 3» 7 J": V\W,,
WfLGI e t.ibdr '4']. Li )’1 - (-D 'AD'..KA lb ‘n(A- .1. ’ ‘b.-- -11 yt41—.l yr.~L the.-*.‘:¢'.- ‘LULA... L1 ,
w o ‘ 1 W ‘ ‘
I r. . —' v a ' " 'I ‘-
"Iel-L ‘Ie.. lL'itt: J C. -.3 H. .A— L 1A;J" f‘Jkl.
. 1 - A»: a» L ‘r - 7 rH— I" -¢‘ , v
' ' ‘4 t ‘ - ‘ I ‘ I ' .'. . 1 ’ . r
E.‘ ‘rgL '_ LL!" '- Uf‘ \4‘. KP) - ‘.-‘3 lebt 8‘.) A :3 ‘ .L t .3, Fj.\_‘ A 1m-3
‘ -- —— ', .1 + ‘ +‘ ”n J‘ ' +V. ..‘
r‘bf. y r W I l ‘5’ ‘ ) V - : :3 a i l.“ i \ \ VI V‘- .
M‘lil LI..'.L lvt -L‘ .4i.“.a.t.4 v.1.-t —AA. t4 .4 AE...--¢¢ :L‘ (.5 b-1/LJ- FL." L.» ‘
4 ' ' P) r" 3'} v "f“ ‘L +"' ..- ‘ H '.i ‘.- (fl. _ "1 w" 7 . .-~-,. J” ' ,' 1" ‘r (W .: “f 1 " " “
l-‘f U'.Y) ...: Vcélio l .1-l— .L 'd ‘.J' k, w; 1 ‘.I .'..-.J. V A l :1 J. La‘Ll{\./, {1‘11 ‘1‘ ‘1 - "fb‘k
4-H — 1 ‘ b 4.‘ a ‘1 fi 4.‘ .L 4' ”l 7" - .‘-“ - -, .. - - .L .»
Y‘ ). l-l ‘ I I' . | ‘ n .r“ | 1‘ ‘r IT C" .
{3.1 [U '3 t‘ ‘x/ S (.11 L '\_/‘4. k, i j _/ .L A. ('3‘ i ,, .. Al -1. g V, (J .1 _‘__, g) _ 1,1. r A A‘fi L -~,i
‘
-.‘ -l 1. .\ .7. ' Y‘ . ‘.y‘). ,' I"] ‘Q l -) 1" r.‘ ,‘ .
friab. "_~".Jl..‘~‘J .‘. ”.1. A -’.; \i . - t2 ~Au‘3 \ .
—'--‘ " .“1 1’) \n (“i ‘. 5 1 \P I
.‘lell U .. L‘ L'V‘:.Lli- *K-’3
...Q n“/ r“ ) 1,. I
\aldL‘MJ' - ... UL!)
‘.‘ . .u -- 'f' N 1 4 o. r r \ ‘ t
I r ‘I V I u “‘ ' > -
\JLJ— t A 1A . 8 "*'.‘V JO-JUDIkAlkun D ;k La ) .'. ‘tid
__ I

5‘1“.) ~p '
.-‘ ch

l-‘Y‘
U1- ‘JU‘D

irreii

-. CA.
:3 [UL ob“ ‘1':
.1 ‘74 u -, I",
dt‘} l LBLLSt- .L i
- . v :t. I a ' ‘ '- '
i;lfu.L.Lt.;"'.A.::L1.L ..tiul.“ u .~

q
-‘-~ v
.

“NJ-31nd

s

3Y3. ;,

fl .
..

\

‘.

 

"' .. *r‘ 11
JL) ~U .A (c

. -C‘
<A‘».-L./

.J

q
.x...

.\

a" v,

.,‘

3“.
‘Q ..r LA

y.\ .'

‘rl
“‘

t:
...

\..s .3

 

r

y.

VII"

-
& .‘A‘ LL\1

t

...A.
dz.H

,n
I.)

It

'-
L,

3. ‘--
\AJ Ii

~J

V
7
SJ

.9
U;

T)
O
.b
l
..x
w.
. l
.\

‘\‘
1;:

.»~ .53
“y-uv

‘

3"“
D

.1

a.-.

x
{

Vvvqf"

.OA ‘1'

I0,\
5.}.

n

‘koAL-J ‘..u

D
.‘.

L.) A
-/

.‘.

g‘-0

 

 

. M
j‘ x.“

raw-Ir
y
\n-

.i

7‘

L
a J
O
.+lu
1;
‘

V
L

7 ‘
LAALVL

1 ."‘
..4
LV

:up

"WV
a. ‘5
-v‘

... ..
C

....

‘4‘

1‘

l4

4 LT

..‘)
~. .‘.
‘.J

he &V€Ld*

-.iJ.

V!
4

HM:.

'\.A.

3.1“!“ ‘- 1 V“
‘4

'1

 

......

r:

.'.A

.-.
.5 ..‘-“\Ag.

Ln

.1.

T

4')
J. Ann _‘

V“V'|

,
HVULU

u
.
4

.IA
r I.

7A

I

LA, |.) " E

'"I
v

Q.

:1
I

“lug

Q v
.V

FJ
()1

"fip—‘fi

‘.RVVs2UUI1A

Tn} exye iment has carried out as plm nel. The rats
obtainei from the chemistry Laboratory were 5reu.el as controls

only, since they differed from the rest of the stool used. The

average weight of the rats used was betWeen 35 and 43 grams.

L

Sceliness on the toss and the tail appeared at about the
fourth we ek from weaning. Jevelognent of so Lliness was very
uniform so that fat fe ”in; egen at the same tim”. Butterfat
was fed for four weeks as had been planned, and the rats exo-

mined every three or f'ur days for si5ns of impr'venent. The

‘-- w . ' _ ., .‘.”. . ,1; _‘ . . I. ' v. ‘1 , 1 ' ‘
ObbeTthl ns made are uiscussed in the foil owino pa es.

The early symptoms noticed in the group studied confirmczl
tne necessity of lipids at is est for

x ,- -‘ I ‘-, . I. , “» ‘
greserv1n5 tne noaltn

‘> ‘ - r-ra‘ .‘ L“
of tno Sfild. rue Tabb

(<D

Vlo . ed an abnormal condition by the
end of the third to the fourth ween on the fat-free diet.

This conditior consisted of irritation of the tip of the tail.
The abnormality advonced to nerds tr e base with the formatioi
of ltr5e scales ard ridges, coverin5 at least one third of

the tail. Fat deficiency was also indicated by a similar
soeliness on ti‘ie toes, which usually de‘wzlopei eurlier than
on the tail, and heavier on the hind feet than on the front

' " A "x J“ ‘ ’ ’ ' ' ‘ ' . a" 4 I " ‘ , 0 ! '- '- ‘ " ’ " l ”3 " " {\YV'
ones. considerebie variation oetween .1i” ls nts n>tited, nun-

F"
C)

lbs wei5ht fi5dres obta'ned durin the fir

toe experiment chacd that a fat defic1ency doe
o' to durin5 early as. The .Jei5-.ts were used
the amount of butte rfat fed weekly to sac” ra .
weir5 nts for each lot are presented in Table II
Feeding of butterfat was oe'un as sown as

4

ML hilt-3

'-. . s .i .1: .' -, - L. -. ,-.
t4e scaly COnulthH. “, return to

‘
fir, ray-sf:
bliUnv

+

was used to Leasure the essential natty acid co
b Mtte fat Stldi ed.

TL, results obtained durin35 tne experiLent
in the follow1paro5raphs. A letailed d scrip
results of eac; lot is 51v L.

The Le5otive control l t of rat was R'ft
diet. Tbe W'ekiy avera5e Veifhts for the three
tLo enfijliMCnt cit prosentei in Table II. Their
was very Similar to teat of the other grouts. T
bLtteif t to the exgerioeLtul uniuals dii n“t s
inore so in tne IL 3 of 5rowtn when Cchared to

Kegative controls. Heavy Later co rsuL‘tion was

,
V I.

this 5roup, thus Corf‘r ir5 the reports of otee
The degree of scalin=ss varied in this lot. Cne
very La;hel SOL.lines s on the toes and the tail
however, vm re only sli511tly affected.

,n-nO

Lot I of the 54 receiviz5 b

JUP

:llile be in5 fed the alfalf<—velvet be~

4

1
..L

scaliness on the toes and tLe tai by

‘ - ~‘. I +-
to calculate
r'“. ,A ., I“.
J_;Le {fl/611,598
“ 5 .J-! .
Of trig J.p1_'e:.u¢.4 .

an*l condition
Iztezrt o- 'the

. ‘. 'n‘ 4':
rute cf 5"owto

feeding of

any favorable

at of 13.163

4—;
LL;

Observed in

rat Sho"e

The other two

17

week after weaning. use devree cf seeliness Varied in this lot
also. Butterfut was fed one week after Lieliness was first
notic e1. finch rat received two 5 ems o: butterfat for every

‘3 ' , ‘ ‘ r- w ‘ "- ._ . _ 1r 7 _ I I I ’ ' w .‘ _, . l .a
one nundreJ 5rafls of codv Lei5 t Luring tLe first teen of tze

n 'R 1 . - ' ' 9—; »v' 1" v' " " “ ‘ ‘I . I" a ‘\ f‘ ’ 1 Y“ '3 ‘. v r
f‘cfixt 18134111.. St'lt'..‘izo .'3 byluufit fuel .'.QS l: CPULDG. 5V ' .5 .» Tenn

of the toes tnen on the tails. First si fin of iL;.>r01rement
were noticed at the eni of the secwni week. ’t the e11 of t3:c
four weeks recovery was ccmplete on the toes, but slight

. - -, .‘ - 1 .° . i , - 1
sealiness still Tchalddd on tne tells.

.'r I' T ‘ ‘7‘ : c I I . Q 4‘ , 4.1-3 I- ,I I" I
T1e a: .‘im.ls in s t ll snene. varyin; oeliees cf sceliness

’.J
(D
(0
Cu

on the tail. The first si5ns 3f the Lbfl iLLlity were not'

w
{D
LL
6"
O

at the same time as in Lot I. The levels of betterf t

this lot were 2.3, 3.3, 5.5, and 4.0 5c¢Ls ~eeLly per 103
grams of ~o1y wei5nt, for each of the four nee1;s t t the fet

ionse sf this lot ta fut fewdin5 was Lore rerhed
than in Lot 1. Improvement was uniform by the end Cf the
se and week. lt tne end cf tee fourth week recovery was com-

” ,— ~ -- ~ a "‘1‘.— . ' A '~- - .‘-.- -1 ~. -~ V. ~ .'
piste on the toes. 1 9 tall; Were not couwietely cured, hen-

,,.
\

Fat (‘ieficienc‘r was mere LL Led in Let ‘11 than in the
otbe“ groups Previe sly nedt‘ore.. The butterfet used in this
lot was the suLe us for Lots I and II. The LL'DUflt fei was 3.0,
3.5, 4.0 end 4.5 5ruLs ye“ lJJ 5rLLs of bedy wei5Ut fer the

‘ v 1“ - 1 -' ~ - A ...
four weens, res

~ +' n’i ‘V t‘ "I j ”‘45 4“": 1 n -7 .-~\-‘, 1‘ n ."an x"~.~ l,--'w-.-‘r~+-~
11‘3ulodx U.’ 119 CI]. .L 1.1;; SEEK/VI... 1.661;. ALCVVH; ..::_,b CULLILLLB

(D

Ir“)

on the toes by the ml of the fourth week of fat feeding.
Imp rOV3m3nt 0f the tails vas s_cv.r and still showed sceliness
at the 3nd of the ex;erinent.

In Lot IV similar results were obtrinei. fech rat in lot
was fed 3.5, 4.3, 4.5 and 5.0 grams of tie seAe butterfat per

b “ht during the four weeks, or 0.5 gram

more each week then to Lot III. ImproV3nent in the condition
of the toes Wes observed on week after the first e3ding.
Recovery was comylete at the end of the third week. In; eve-
ment of the tails Wes gradual and sceliness was observed at the
en; of the fourth week.

Fat-deficiency syggtexs s peered in Lot IA three weeks

after weeninv. Eutterfet feeding was begun at the fourth week

a.)

.
0

when each rat received two grems of butterfat p r 130 grens

(

of body weight. The butterfat studied in this lot was produced
by Cow 267 during the alfalfa-soybean oil meal feeding period.

1

Tne allov.snce was-3 increased by half a gram each week until

()3

each rat received .5 grams of butterfat per 103 grams of body

weight during the fourth ueex.

lupr3veucnt from the fa t def “n cy was 81 aver tLi3. in
case of Lot I. The toes showed a very slight recovery by the

end of the fourth week. 0 iAor<VuLVIt we? noticei in tne
condition of the tails.

The eniAels in Lot IIA re ceived one nilf-grem more each
week per hundred grass of veight then the rats i; got IA. The

butterfat used was the same.

o
L

1

f

‘1 5.

J x,-
V

o n ."\ r. ‘

5
ed b"

4“

r‘,
--'-1
'V‘D
‘-

q
u

d I

f t
f c1

A

U
1-
VJ.
u

rd
+

V'u
1‘-

r:

v

31:;

1

lowed

19

V

Di

r‘

K

It
AA

. I
he

V.
l

hemever, tx
.ced o

:1" “(3d

t II
'ie

A-

J

‘

‘0
I

l 0

'.JL

Aed,

‘
y

. j

in no
E.
‘r

9' ‘1 r
1,,12

: - V.
31112.; ,0

—.')
\;

tziil

rats
‘LOIWB
were
‘J

’
A

“'..,

rd t'
e

W

t

ya

i
of fat f

:rovement

85

ts
from
1m'

1

we.

VHF.

,\
'4
‘.1

fl 0 W

V

’

covery

1‘

iv;

were LOTS

i

y

I
I

NC

118

J—‘
'3.

]L

n othe-

.>

1

than

t

.
.T‘“!
‘

.
I

My" ..‘. t -

w

'."n

(Kr-{17
O 4““

.

Of

an V-Nr‘
‘IAA5~)

..l .\

r.

’3
.a

1 ‘
Lip—3 4".“ (\f It ,
; J‘LL) \J 2;.

‘."J
W

four

t u)
ALV

ring

V

'I

4

m

\

(‘
ti C) x:

Y'V (

u
S
Q
3
.Tu
3

i}.

I‘ll“

.1

33" ‘1.
‘.J. 'u'fll .

U’

p+.

In~ (:1

noticed t*

4/
at

was 00

ness

Ii
\A—L .fi

\c
(Jr

9

. J

\

‘.4

F‘ L"

‘.l

p
‘l ' _ _
SCLLLlILG

3 +
‘LQU

1””

r '.f. .
.....L’yl v A...
V.

.i

.1‘.

‘3

7

k1

(J

P"
-.4/ /‘~.

A

n..

w
4‘.‘

'31 1'
uitn

1

O,-
.Lx.

.l
l

V. -
LU;

of t

end

.w.‘
7i.
fl...
9.
pl.

f.

uring

f'r-t c
Q '

!

vei

3

l'
\

bod

U1- 3

.3 ¢_j_ ,3

I

0-3

m '\7*' T"
\J .1 '.u
‘

Y

3-1
-L

‘.A.‘ ‘3 I" (\‘T ".
- .3 J .. J"

t

(3 v '3
.3 v‘ '..,

TY?

‘
+ I ’\
‘Av

, Tb.

(DAD

in

...-

y"
"I
I

V)

(s
l s:

v” I
V‘J(

of

1333t1ty

"‘ 5.) 'r"
-~~ V ¢.

31

'4

..‘

 

. G 1

/\ I“ :j‘,‘
45.)”—

'4‘.)

cot‘

of by

1r
1
.-

1 fl
V “‘ -. x I 1' ,
efiietei fro.

‘
\
l

"p fiat

M);

-‘.S

a

:
k7L‘

C‘

q
I
A

"\
l‘A-A

{' "
I\-‘

“7.1

"1.1) ‘f‘
AA‘J ‘

1‘7
’J

:2 TH

lCli'

a f
K]

.7
Li

W
I

-.‘ 1,
‘--' A A. -‘..

~v~ I.) ‘
J

{\‘7i
‘UA-b-

{3 <;C I"
'VL)H\.-L

"

{3.
Kc

..‘ r3 r“.
.s

‘ i in“.
‘..—.... 4L L‘.¢-v
Q

1 W
l

V'X “1
bob-L

til ZEJ

‘5‘“

1333

~, 1.,
1A5

00

SICAH‘:

iQQ

‘

C: V t? 31

.4.
V

_ I’ll ’
lksix/

I
f
u

-
l”
8‘

"'.fi')..31,.'
; ‘m

‘5’] 13

.5.
sL‘.

(s1

‘. ‘7
i—fid

..’)

3+

3"».
Lax, -4: ... .-.

63

'5 WE?

).
‘1.

,—

to

3 1.

.‘

LAA‘

‘I\.. L)

/\
.3-

+2
V.

C)
»..I

.'
A...
k.- .

.L

’ ..
I" '
.4

.
-._<,11.;

..‘.
~.. .‘.-‘4
(J

--v

ty-O‘

1

VI

“C;
I

I

is
Is

“I

at t

flV

rt

V'

Ui'

\

-‘

8’.)

ed

T

“VJ-
LL‘.”
‘.1 1’ \J
I
‘4 Y3

'..; 3.1 AA

\‘\.'

VJ C3!

CU
free

is

f“;
\ \
I

b.)

DI
tt
+ C.
.L 91'.) 0
ts

of
.f‘.
Y':‘.
a...»

be;

4

:ect
irty

0

een but
min
.1 . .LLA

$3

\

+..

in ob

1r
0"

o

t

be

[I e In
1

T’

leve

e

7‘ “I
\I ht -

vy“

#43
VA

into ten

d

/-. ,

1‘13

7 '2
It r2

'7‘

(3‘44. \.

'3

1

\¢

J'I‘Iu

Vt;
’.- u

CL

8

LA

I

another
utterf;

Lift:
C‘

I

‘
\
IL,

5ru

centri

S

.1

Ga

..u
......L.

.11—

,-, .z- 3.
. 3 b '.J

1'
fi

{1: 4 7 .
2.3 Vi. t: -

'.A

.'..
Ji'

nr
".1

q

Qt -. r
L; '\

"1+3

Ll.

out?)

‘7)
I

ty

/

1‘

str

Iii? I‘Ll‘

"
l .L

-‘

abiii

1 ..
I “
L;

w

J- 4-

3:1

re};
no

7'.
.L

A 1‘3 1
tn
2]

3‘ .)
\J l; h; (J
. x}
fig
\
'3 Q ‘7 t l
Rx RA J
371 .‘..
4 x.‘ 3"
7'; 2 . L.‘
,ioesl

7".
./

‘L",’1 1".

V‘YIQ“

‘..
.
I- ..

1‘.

LrJ x A A-»

"3;.

r“
‘_,

‘Yl‘ 'y‘i
nu...
‘ 1‘6"."

..A -J

.
w.

f
ore,
E
E3.

, .

t

~33 ~'- :3 H
K. L. .1 -n
.
1
.
‘LA.

J

tieref
3r t

1
exits J

Vblue o
of
L‘ffiv‘ "‘.."

‘— 4
'.s.)
ALV

a (1"

l

rvs

rate
t

f'|'.

1:1
t:.;u

"J

(fit-3

p

S
.1
. A

'v
I; .
(33v-

din

a
l

vvations

t.
'35.

«J.

a _ .
. 1‘
40.81

fe
%

(.‘. J
I

Obs
leao
.v V
.158.

'9
[’3 '. a

W 1;. In
.0.“-

"' - n 'l'r-
V'. F: \J ‘
(I‘m '-

‘J I
.5
V

re

. .

1 wfi,

.L 11.1
.‘.p

'l
ngl

t?“
t

r. ,
‘13s?) 7‘.
I \J ‘JLA

f

r~ 1'.

x/ .L
,fi
’L u t

L:

' "a

1,-
(V
D v.

1

A»
)v ‘4;

‘.\r‘\r'
J" ‘1... ‘

..‘)

r.
‘O

"t,
t

t
C‘ \d

. r‘,

-.LA

V". I‘LL! C;

53. '1 *.'

tr
r

‘

L).

‘ fl'

P.

..
A ‘V
. .
{3&1

01L

"1

1
PM
Av

k
~l v

A (A

(fi‘y.
U.‘
I
a
All?
I
]\\'~ "
‘.-..L-b

m
K.

b t:

t et
8 ui
linseed
I",
divid:
,re

7-
$a
a
l
..
‘
,.
‘1
ya.
LA

data

C

O

0

Q t
ih~
l

O

'itic

~A

Ler 091
1
ed

A

*x
311.31
[L J‘~

1d

5
.J
'r

(

‘.41
Cid
1:13;

I?
s)

I

(A

4

CA
(

S
S
‘..».
n;
. 1. A.
1 _
”...;

S

"\7.' . ‘f ' 3
...-V “b.1014

1

'1
21.1.

v"

.
'I I

V'" v-b...a\_'k4. .‘.AL'IJ

.1

ww~

:1)

r n1

/‘\

fv

’ . 'v" . ‘3
'..I

.4. '..-J.

V

I ..1 ‘r ‘

.
1:
L0--L/-

sir

t

;,
4.
LAD

1..
".
\‘
J
1
t

rf

t
ery low,

.‘

U
‘IlC‘

a; q
.Lo'...

ab
18V

0
e¢;0nse on

J.

dicated th

rat

'n
J.

‘3'”!
Ni)

‘.x 1 .;-< ~1t I‘ww, .' - ‘ti- an.'.4- p"‘.‘ “.«-. - 1t" t1»: 4‘1 .w
till-:1 163-214.; S 1.; .3“; 1.31.1 ~.ell’.1.U i'27.)"-1L.L_ ‘IIJL I1 LC'E).3 lIC)..J.

'1') RFC? Y“w+‘. ‘r‘ “'..?“ b“ .'".r“\') t‘ncU“ 4“: . 'l ‘70 at 7, v."
t;;t¢ (.«Qul-‘ylle‘JULCL- ”(2‘1 t.l ApAIQCA it.) ..LVLI U‘L‘S 0“ .‘..x) LA .L-3(kb

&
C"
$_
C"
7'1"
{I}
’ 3'
?
c+
3
’1'

35 W‘tsnt in Carin; fat-Jeficiency a

J:

a cow receiViflg n noru.l amount 0; fat in the ‘btin"

7" J “ (..r .-. ,« ‘. . .1 ' 4 . .1 .|. -. “‘3,
gutterict fr.4 tue can fzi uifHLfL uni earn prui

fat deficient rats was net determined, newever, due

.; ‘| ‘ “I
‘ ' ".
.L¢t.1v“

S“

C)
O

-'., ‘ . . . ~ ‘ , . ‘ -‘ , r . . ‘ I . ~
restricts; nuguar of uleolS aw

hf

HT

1“!

4V..._1._4 -J.L “l‘-J

-M..J

vuAuax... ..-

LVJ

r;

.‘
l

‘tiUI

.1

11‘1“

.

|

(AL;

. p
Q ._

’7‘-..

-A

'..,~

firm”: :
‘I‘Lw -. o

t

‘ ‘l‘
‘..! ‘.-

fr"

:5
1'

t7:

0‘

4-7
'.4

-
1r -\

.-.
r. ~-/

7'.

‘r‘

l
I
4t.~* ‘L

-J.

I! .‘

‘

w .L‘ ”La"

.(\,

‘t

.-.

Ana.

(*p-vr
I
U

-.-

:3.

.... u

. a
‘ ‘7 "I
~ ‘ k.

LA; I»)-

n

JLJ -4.

whny".,
usa'

8

(3.-

‘.
'-
.

..

1‘
u

H '3 1.)"

T"

(L
fig
.3.
..,._

..i

,. ‘1"v‘1/H'Y
/ L)... ,ii-

1. ..
‘O

t

3
J ‘-A

l
o.

C -.-

..’)
C) "

r

v“ "' ’
J ...,

i

Liu;;£

2’3

...
M;
).

an

4-‘.
21-.

.v--

vvv ,-

th
’r

-i'»

x) ‘n

W“

01-14.

1'

9
o\

(\r-
.‘QU

;

1 g
_u

..-.

...._

... L

,3
'.J

1 WW
'-.-« .1

."3 3
‘4

Li

I -‘2 .
l ‘4 ‘4 ...

t
.‘C\

v

«r.o

II\

.3
T
. .
0
.L.
— .1
4,.
L
J. .‘
. .
V 4.
‘7.
. x
3.
JV
...

/~.‘ J‘L

'-"..‘|
v

\a

.L

Lil —¢‘

.1

NHV
‘.. A

+..

V7...

GU

Lo; l D“‘”“OrL \4 fi‘

a

——d

V‘

I

A

1
- u

[‘3
C3

’N ‘ I... - .. f . ... a - _- ., - . . J»—
b r y _, . _, I, ’1! c '1 ; .‘ T: ‘3 jfxfi v ‘~ '2". ‘7 1!“ j“ ‘.
l. VLI~»L--4, ‘0“. L4---.l Llatjl \A'--L, $40.40 .Lfo/LALL.Q 6‘4“? ‘.‘AAWJLAL’NJ
', ‘ .‘. 1.. {i t “_ .. '1 O _'+‘ .
-. . z \ -v " ) (_-
NJ. U~J 1 ~» '“f;b"3 - ,‘u ‘o; .-V -'....‘C L.)-
- - . . a .s‘ v -. p - 1
‘1‘1 ,_. 1 I .~"“! ’11‘ . v‘ 5-3 ’9 ft“ 5 " ‘) "f\ l O \..('I I. ‘ n
by‘ r. “LOLC\J.*K2LA.~ .’--.-.... \\.4...L;.4 J.\_‘o a .L. lg-.. .
P - . . \ fl v—~ ‘ - u --—~ - u
.. '\l ‘.~ - ~ . d 1", r: ' ’ 7‘: “.r’. c‘. '. 4" 13’ It¢11 'v’
a. ...“JvfiLL‘éll’ ...LJ. ‘..-.'L .. LI . ...AJ’ --..- ‘-L': ..‘.V: xx». -_ Sgt...) [‘4- '\-‘;'I ...".l
1 ; y- 1' ‘ ‘ ~. 1' .'.. 7 1 ,3 f y. . VI . - ‘g_ ‘ I
.L. ‘--»! A '1 “(AK-J 'J ._I . (4‘ .. uv Eva-..-
-- - . W ~, V w — . a - c
. '1‘. , ' ya ‘ ' - ; u I .’.? ' . '7
9.4“... filu+¥1hdi‘l'«L .‘i'3AAA. Vx..L.J.Uo .Lba . 4....LL'.
'2 - ‘*V I “ " (v- ' 1 4‘ W " kl] - r ‘0 ) I ' fifi‘ ) '1 a ‘t ' ‘P
U. \ 0‘ v L11, ‘ .-. :1.¢ .-KJ~- 's‘J...’ ‘..-'.- s:-'~/ l _L...\.' g‘ .‘1 ’s’L
a ‘ p 4 ‘ -.- ‘.- w
I" , a I\' '( -
U Alt 1; .’.. .L S.» U 1.; L _ ~l -..

F.)
(,1
I
f.)
n3

T .. ..‘ . M I -' . . .- , . _
0:)LAI‘. leJ... .’.“.‘71.-. VL.\.1—o .Lkz‘ o (:L-J‘». 1.;

1 ' ‘ _ ,i .. "" ‘.. "‘ .. ..' .. . . .' ‘.
U", l‘+\":" _ _ "v..‘n‘lt.L J. ?t' C? ( 1' ”it; I} ‘~V‘..~.n;4 r.
to .- u-» ULVLA, Logo ”413‘ \J .....1.iv\.- ...-guns... . ~~ .1 . k ..'...V: a"...
d
" Q

t . ‘ I T I "V ‘ . I “ ' '
'. : ,-_;, s- w, 1 .w. ,. ~- .
U. ...LIJMA. L3, ... p . ,J.I~J~Ll b ..I'.’ 1.“. (-L.\l ‘s. .'.; '-}~II- , Lag“.-

V.- . _ V _- -v ‘5“ - . r, . "' ‘ ’.
./\} - ... r- r 3vv~l r: C. 0 - / R ' ..- 0'-
‘1 ‘V‘vLI . H-LXJ O \J--é4m. VVcL O Kr-J 0 L219 . 4— U ;— \r‘ C

q—' ..- - - N _ 1 ~ . ‘ - a q 3 q q
'7 4 s H ‘ ‘.." " I " -' 'f - ‘. . .. ‘.. t - I ‘r’ 3 .2. (‘1‘ r‘ r--. n n "r-
. “VJ‘L , AA . ‘u‘. ‘ALL‘wL 64—;5 i Lj‘... ’ NJ . I l ’sd‘h—‘u .-‘J a ,1 ‘.. U V x4“ * \_, r

Jsar. Liol. Chan. Vei. 2;: 1:3. 123-.
c. ggr“, a.v. ugJ Egrr, m.u. 'W *Le fatty acids Prseniigl

in ”atrition. 1L;t ll-

‘our. “101. 3;pm. V3i. ;': 767. 1333.
\ ‘M‘ 1 ‘—‘ '5 ’1 w ' T l v ‘ ' -n ”m ‘ f "a. . "'17
.1. ...—“III ’ \JOV. , MIALI.’ auAQLt¢o u..\4' A~.J..L “la. , ...)... yr]. t. ‘7' .Lv L'

_ 7“ . ..‘ I)”. r; 1:.’?m
’ '.-, r] "I l-vo AVU~°

OF“)
(«I
W A ;~‘~ ' ’ fl '
. ‘ ‘.m- }“ -‘~ H .‘P in '1 7- V: _, .;~ : r f 7..
LJ. ‘ul Cm¢¢~5h$ ..’.- -4‘L’Jvté\\-b¢vdh)5f \J‘ A-.L \J»
.C' 3
4' .' [..' -niY’ I. flr" t_u‘r' I“; '3 ‘I.
*LL U44. ‘.0 SA \ly‘.‘ ‘L-
C .3 ,D-rw‘. 7:151! Liv-'1
w' L. _J..k1. . ‘.. v... big.
‘ '17 ‘ ~‘. ‘:‘~. . 4 ' ' . -, ,- 1 ..'- ' .0
') C' ‘T Y ' 't...‘ - I ~ ' _. v' .. .v “ " r‘v,
ll. buuvul, Dodo- rd ~L~+b $LA...AJJ-VI’1 Va.
.. 4. . 4- .‘ .0 4—
‘ C‘; .- ."5'. ,V .‘. yr ‘.
tv 5.)» UJJ. -‘. J-‘J. LJ'ut 51
I r—
Tfl1‘ \ ,, ",1 .' ‘.)"‘ r. '
b J“ o A. v ah. .JLL No.54. JV
1“} -.‘ .‘I r\: -.. h - '2’" 5.; - .'. 2.1 i"V-1l ’11 . .' ‘ ..‘-y‘
. _- “..‘“ , .LI$. ‘4 l.) 9-. . (-J‘. I ‘.. A ‘.v uls/ Ll L\.‘A
.O 4 d O ' ’..-I . +— ‘7 ~ L
" '— I 4.:
-LA L‘- ‘4; iv. "lLU U; '.l S.-
Tr . ,- ' ‘l "w v-‘ "‘
\ . «(Wf‘ { 3 V I
“VI“I‘. w‘V-L. 'Jn-tlm V
‘1 r2 9'. " Q . P ‘ '-
I .. ' (3H ‘ f ‘ ‘
..LKJ . - i l thA-a. LAM ~.; \A ..‘ .L -. -
a
r +~= +.: fiu+ v a»
u.L.,‘..— v“; k... ‘vxl- .Lsk u L« z
‘ w - I‘ V‘
-‘. .' _ . - v,~ ,4\
Uvu$ . Ll‘ -Lo ..A-'_o¢... vv
1! -_ .-,. * ‘. j__;‘.‘ ‘. - 7 _ 2.1.31
4—":. --./xi; , .v. L1... 4 ‘.4~v‘-“TJ.& ’ . Q . JnA 'V’J~U\.'.A_
W- + ' Clipppz~vu . ‘ - f‘ "H‘v‘
.. L- UL.‘ Q A ¢ .1. 114. r\-4.-
V, f) v‘ v‘\ r ‘ a} 3
4 )‘u. X..." ‘.lUJ-o L's-.. 4
fl '- J. ‘.
r. _ ‘.3. ‘.‘ll\
U C 5“ I J /U .‘ ‘_
m
31 . ‘ ‘7‘ :— 0 f" 3 .'. w - {‘34
L Haws) p.44. - ..J‘ L‘ .. .‘.. ..A
V
T, '.IynflL] £31" '+‘."-" 4‘ 4 .-
L- -"A -.'-«J--. J. --~.A.~JJ. ._ v ..\.
a . , . ‘ . +4 ‘
.LL. ‘ '. --.L‘AL;.‘-I'
+-\ ¢- 1— 1,;f‘i(1ig‘ axr a-v
J .L .' -A\t *v‘ '. V M.‘
U ' \J L J
. .. x r 1', " : .‘,
m .' ' ' .1-
L- ..«xxl . H‘JJ-O ..' . "..A. v ..’
‘1 7 v; . -~ j ... _ . . 1 1
. 1 0| - . - L . k. . ,_ v r
J. O .‘./$1.1 , .b. k...-.L JUL)J_-’ ...). I.“ ¢u;-_:L,'-.Au~’
Ix -‘,-...+ ~ ‘ '- [7‘ J. 7 ' -'
bf ...ch (...; ..-—'.. ’1'.‘l£.«
‘ ; ‘ .11 i J a .- .1- ” ‘5 r- \r l'\
g, '. ' LA . y$~1 . .-;.- /.A;. ' .-’
'\ A— .. c u -‘ r“ ' - —. - ‘5 _.‘<1
.. H‘ g n t I ‘ j \ '31-. .:J I .2" § .)l
.L\;. -’.L; Li-hLLI’ -...IQ- ..JJ.‘-.\.\1‘L\«r.l Ci UJ--U . 4x5
““ ‘..-J “" ++-’ ' A ‘ 7 “f b
-’....J_..V. .4 -- L. lad LA. ..‘.u.‘ .2
1-3‘ --, _‘_ :.' ‘ “" .4“ .‘..
U VV..L O .._’J-I\J-J-. ,'.;.J..L. I g.

 

 

 

.0.

\A

[’7

LI

I
U
“$-
A‘ U
rt}
3 .L
(‘
V
T".

. . a
. "‘ "I I ‘h ’
I r112! (A. 1 .1
..‘ .‘ «i i
L. 4‘ 3.",
14. l. s- ‘. L. Kw“; -
’. H r7" 4 .\ F)???
\ {j n o , . l . i
I A CH O U l o '11 “‘iU 0 Up 0
'. ' -. h‘- 4 "I . ~~- ' ‘
filhduib '10 1:1
catt-
’ "' °
C: :11”?
V. *u v‘lL’.
+ 4- V. *3,» ~| ‘.K‘.‘y‘
v--~ Li‘ )-L i £ 9&5
.. 4 7‘ o .-‘ 1c ".l
O t , \
b. LIZKJL-‘i «V o u b' .
.w nnw+nsn
‘. l\’ . UL.) .L uA
-- - .‘—
I, 1+”
‘ L41 b V.L‘
‘ A " .‘ r. ‘f- .1 (‘ fl ‘
U. l1“—"‘£k’vo A-\.' :0
+‘ : . ~ rs nu“- t1‘
5 U A'A]- ’ 3' L. A
‘ . .
i); 1"1 .3 i.-?-
_ ‘4" .‘.v‘ I .J
n1 r ‘ ‘ " [3 1" H 1
3\/‘ .v‘. t - ‘.. ' .1. I ‘ . _.
IL.’4.L.'.L. u—L -.Lqu-_\i
..‘ -‘ I K ‘ O ‘ ‘
. ‘ ‘
t) L". A \--:.: \‘ I. L. ~-
‘ n! v
‘ 'L ‘ "‘ fl 5) ‘ -’r
'A -" -VL'J._’V -
. r'f‘r" r‘r.~ “ ....r,
. O/uv--m-L.La. 1.L.r
s (..‘ } ,- é) [ .‘.,r‘,‘1‘
.LJJ‘-.\J .
4.. ‘n. 1 - .. ..
LuULLluH
’ - —~ -- 1 rv—v
‘ A 1 $1;-\,‘. ‘ o 7 j .\ '
V\¢.Lv‘VQlo-.-J.no -«-v"kx
‘v’o-I'L ._‘ n Y ‘2 :4 A
- s .. .' '. .L‘L .x. .4.
1 .
"‘ " .‘.-+-
-.LA 4 U
r—.~ r- 3—- . 1 r-v ‘
° ' ' - ‘. f '
o '« L.\. \;y . +v b-h
D -- r. . 4- -~ r 1
4 -.I ’
_ '. L3» (...: LI-..”
+-
b
s . [I . \ <- ~.-v-- “ ' "' 0
1". . . o a ' .
—L L \L A V‘o ) O “~I.L i J— U‘- \.

n

O»

A
U

>41

.
‘
HJ-LAU

.Tu

V) F"
Unix ,1 L.

LJ
U

Cf hu

'7 '7
I1’k. .

l;

Ifi—A

-‘w
._I

‘.A

f‘ 1"
I .
—v 9‘ Q

l"

...;U

fifr‘J‘

‘.

V-
.-L'

 

(‘j
574-. .

JJ..-
uuu'uk‘if-

"V\

r\

A‘
.-‘...

.‘&,

t

‘7‘

Ida's.

4...

'VO

l~-. y

\-\o.

 

"V
Y'-
J :Q;.A.

n

..LUJ.0

v

‘V‘Q‘MJ

9
N

 

w \
1 =
b -b . V

‘1’

~

, v
I

LiaL.

I'.

.—
.

'.-‘\
0 vkk

w'
..‘-‘.

,
L; x,

- ‘4‘“

- I‘
D
‘1’ O

m w.

4-:
UA'VOJ

:r:

C?"
$.54 ‘../'-

F?‘
...y'UJ.

a,

,_' u V:
«\t; O

T
L

U

+

,'.3 ’ ‘
...J '

f

”T‘f‘
..J.

AL

{‘3‘-

\1

C
a
r...

_ . .1-.. ‘ : ,- 1
IlouuAAU-LLJ.

.A

. - - <__...__,_,‘..

.L-J. ... -J&I..JJ.&‘L

.ql).1..lu.).4- ‘4)‘)\.JI4‘ J.
... x l... _ . rerL ..
. ‘1 .Ir nl~ I.
0:4204404 alpm. .44.nuH ~J4nvggdu 4o
. r v rV . .r r\ . f1 «it». 1 q
. .) .Joh. .0 do.)
39 L 3L ‘ 16 fi 0: - :
..‘ )0 O) Q I
34.x )>.c w: u on . aq
, L Q . .I. ‘ x I‘ out
04111.“...1
~(‘ I r
330H: 3). . ‘1)03 )3...
, » fl t z. t .1 L t
I O )0. .2 Jij)¢2u .1 \J
j). . N1) N... a) . Al.) . _ L. . .4k
IL OIL DIL in l x. r r.
[flunfinfijdnlfl
g r ..w I
)\l..\d \IJOJVJ 3st.” 6).)
.1 . IL. .IL . .. ’.. o IL L .0
3 3)..- ).\,0Hv 7J0-.. ))ox.
C; l ‘ . .. L ..L .. k. p.
’0’; )1...) )’01. -..
0. Ac L .I. . LL AIL I» O.

 

N ‘4‘1‘ ‘ \Ilt! I ‘.uv 41’ IA\ c II A.
II _
. . . .
¢ .44. \l
0.40.... 1-) ( \Ji 0 o ). 11-: .14 ta‘JJ3‘ 143),... \. ‘.1 .‘.
_. . ‘ .. . . . r 1. J ... .
, +_..._.& x .... T. . , fir » . K- Q03: 4

313.....2. 3i): «11‘». HQ ))4.\‘.)-1.~wn; . .- 1.33.33
. . r ,. I . , . 1.. ‘ . 4 .... .

Kl; .

I V. J‘ ' .J‘. {0.‘4.\/fi‘-
V «I club! I. _- n\. l‘.
r
‘1
I: U. 34-... )) 9‘ a. a); 3.54 34.3 L! 41.30 4H 18,17). ...-.1)
>r ‘34 1+ +_.\<.n‘++rrr .. 4 . ...n.r _. ”(Ezrr.

1‘.)

f)

U2

'7- :

)..'Cl ‘1. d“ fil.‘1\d{ )‘1A181J fiov.‘.l\l'1 A)..3—..I‘ .\0~MA.)V b~
YJcfiv ..x. OLD-0 ~ WM... .. CALL F‘s r.\..r . Miser nu Lelia D

.)I_.-

L
r
’3
C
-)
LL‘
r-4
w
0
L
L\
r4

3. am 0.0ua q.qoa o.qu 05

w
,4
s
O
J
w
r4
0
O

)
3
r4

n.wm 6.00H m.mwa n.0uH mm

(2';

 

 

 

qma 0.9ma o.mma o.m«fl a.qwa a.mm m.wgfl on
3 a] + HE

MAM wad m.om4 n.04H v.9wa n.wm m.maa n.wwa aw

w ma n.m; m.afi 3.0MH a.woa m.m. m.ama mw

m m an m.wu m.uu n.,b n.rfi m.uu m.»w mm

m mfl m.nv n.9w 3.0m m.mw o.mw m.nu mu

mm H.pm n.0m 0.0m o.mw n.uu m.wm 4m

«w«.¢a awqamna‘
.m .md‘ .HW‘ .uv .mw. .pc .LU

“app on H mH 5H HHH ”H H Hanuno)
a prmom mbflpwnmu

no: r; nqunu mama

 

‘ ‘ LI 7

I1: J.) ...1\ d.‘ .1.\;..)fi¢,d \. .\, {1) I‘) fill. IND‘ ‘Y m. ‘.Ovzg ‘ ~ an), 3‘ .11 \4 ,.
VV.+ Pullidr... xlu.p.~rQ ... + ($2.; outr‘nr. . a; 7.. ..f .“nH flUtF . , Myrna
. y , . I.

F I