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"".IO-.Op .o‘ .. ‘ ‘ ‘ 'o-" 0" _ .g. ..'...‘...u ¢-. 0 -' a"! a.',-oar‘ A O o — - . o O l 5.7!.“ ¢ - «o‘i'11§'-li__l.“ - ‘ I l ' .u..:_”4A- -. ‘. . \. .04....g..o..91..I'Il§'€"o (.u'yo..moo .mtth;Ao:-m' 0' mafilfirflmwl: m! ‘w- TH 8818 n “-5.5; - m M531; 4‘" a: 3'; mt: Umvemfity km): 53‘? L I‘ ‘v—‘v‘ w MSU LIBRARIES ”- RETURNING MATERIALS: Place in book drop to remove this checkout from your record. FINES w111 be charged if book is returned after the date stamped below. fl . ._ .- ( ‘ '1 .e,--‘ t ,- l. .- 3) .. J3 . D. ' ( r .‘ ‘ 5 L1. ' \J. g.) (3. 1);??? “36:13 3‘ '7 .L‘. tn .5, I- %v\-:‘.? L. "Mk“! :1 -\ I f" {2",}. 053001 the h“ Q 4- ‘3. .1 L J s 1(7 't‘ 1’13?“ ' 1-: L» .4. .F‘ I ~ J. o. If: 4... V ELL-11 LlLJ’IlC H1130. ?,i_l\tU° L LII“ .‘ The 11 N ODJ 0-100. \fc {aid 10? The L -._.4 100m T‘l‘lfi ‘3 and pu st en MST .,. ._.l _' -.. /\$" .. L'l. u. bu _.. b7, ‘3 ("171‘ I (‘1 7 A.‘)LT~,.' D ‘XIJI u -. - 1 '~ .' -‘ . o. .. . .-. , - - . u '- 1 a 3‘ 14. 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LIL} 1.1 .‘L‘ \‘.‘.r[] L'..v 311,1 030333on11), and sex 0‘ listeners were obtained from a unlversit Erxvit h vuxicu 13M; irnwsstifxrtor it: , tiey thro cc»u_;ot.73r11nin3cnnncc 5H3 to rpouo of thu stuoy. 0 were refluircd to make sclvt3u7 ovazua 1.011 of a ten minute ch-rccordcd lanlzzqe sample (respcnaes to CAT pictures) of two seven year old nornclnapcakinfi fircn. The ncacurcs were of two Iorms: 1) Q cct§”". ‘5 1.. '1‘..- -v vl. .- 3 .‘7 . - l ‘77 1-7 .75" T: - . 717,7" ' (‘7. (771‘ ~3 . 1 ‘v-‘Ll .L(.IJ 5-11.311 ”Led {3.1 lulu-L, lqu-JH‘.’ {711C}. J..‘..‘\ ’ {firm} i.) ., .2L7 .r ’14.??? {6:3 which includcc ratings oi‘ 1021 language attribat as (structural Sophisticat).on, gr?“ aLLLH] afiCUIQCJ, crc {Ltivit?. .\' .. A n. 4 a 'bc . «u he,vm “.3L W.k—,-m- ..~ . , 1'3 7.7.17.7..3’ 0.7.. LL 61.3. .1 \.7J_ (.1; 7.. n... 'v'u L. o JJC7.(.cll J. J_;.L'=.;1'Lh:' 1701.27.03 I LL30 thd ‘ O r p 1 -r A x». . '2".\ .‘x. - r, “K" T 1 7 » r - -‘~-“ ._ r- . -. 1-- QCC‘IL' C’ L; 7. 74.1L L1 LiC‘Nd 01:. b7.) L731 C...L.‘LL..L. UTE: LUML-V 31‘ , LIKE— CIL.‘ 0-1.5.71 L ca L..J F}. ('1 r. f g- ‘ I ’- O «J 7..) 61* [I ‘ J V .1 (K F (.- f. ‘d I J «L. ‘7 1‘7 "J 7 '9 \'.<’3.S ELLLH. L.‘.c-L l- ' I‘ w .- ‘, ~ -'\ .' ‘ \ 'u ‘ f “1 5 ‘. J h " ‘ 7 -‘.‘ . l P’ ' . ' ~ \ -"‘.' -‘ S38cJAMT, he lhlb IEKHLHWJQ LO (NJtaln sluggactivczcxitd cnu'tne ' v ." ' '7 - . o J‘ ‘v . o" ‘u . '7 v l') u f'I ‘ ‘ ‘ 7“ . “ ‘ (7*.ltc3‘ cpr.d wt. Al]. 11x3L9ucxra malt: gnlncn c. atk31u$3mligam1 . 4‘ u . ‘ ‘ 'L . - -‘ Q. -- ‘ ‘7‘ 37‘ I 7" V - fl 4‘ -I - g * - ‘ .q . r? lLSLLH’LlOH anut 8p W10 13¢ for .ne1uelgurc U0 be L&u€. - r - . . . . . " J_. .L‘. ~.. - . . . \y. ,-r- I, I ,o .- » ,s .. ~_ ‘ f‘ A :211. .3 ‘u’LII C (.17; (Al-"fili‘i’l LO J.L)U.. 7.77311 ”7.13173bwl ~r~- \' ~77 I I 7‘7" " r. u- :- ' . '. 7. ‘. 1‘ 'c‘_"n "_~_ CLgCllm.h.w1 c.“u7t.\u.. IHUQQ iour COMClLlOJa 0131L3cd infcw7nrxtion .L ( information (Pl). ”He prcwinformation COGSJSLPu of a folder containing conilivno vital st:.tistics and d.7scriptions of be-l :ax'ior similar to the type commonly found in clinical f’les. No listener received the same inl‘”m1LiOD i‘ol d-i-TJJ_(.,)J"1 CLH‘lktlthIq ._ L' .5 ,.,l 7‘: ,1..‘ .,. . ..._ _ .J.,- :n ’ .1. . _. ~ 5 .u.zo...Z.n,3.('3“a CLmLLL “1.0m I?:::p‘z.¢1L-=::H. 3.1'1 "LIN-E 11.."£1€'£?t I ‘ . n | -. 'i f. r" ' 7; C'- ’\ "' ' " "‘ " 3‘" "- ' "‘ ""' ' " .3 ‘. ‘ ' ' ; '3 F» ‘ ‘. '. a“ 0‘.zuf‘..5 L.) L) L) \ :--..L£1tv‘.1 J-(.A‘.L L’-L.‘.J ink-LE»; ‘-‘.J. ‘v k: G ' v" 1" "’, : ~\ . '. ’, I” . ‘ 'V "I “‘ 4~ '5 . F » ‘ -. :5 r- ‘1 1101': C. ‘2’ {'1‘ 1" 9 Lu 5 u. i, If: G (1.1. <3 fink; 7:4. 8 L; -x. 1 r1- 12:3:lcxék.’ Lll EOLL'. U1“ b by 0-4 u a * -’ A w ‘- 3. _,_ ~=-~ 6 ‘ .. u}.‘x’:,‘t_-3C‘ 1’1 191.11.01.02 .LL) 1,33 may 1.3L! {3-913 JGC.‘ L, to 53‘); 10. 0, 1,112; nt {(3.} -‘r"~. ~\- yvo'“ .- . w"; 1 'p r‘ Lnrxrv I'~1 3‘ r‘r‘.- ~f' _f‘._"‘ f a '. \q ' ' - ~,r’; . r‘ (w r. J‘L‘EJQ; llég'till ‘w 4L )J-C3.n." :LL‘ 0.")‘4 |_A\,:J--.’..L L/sJ._¢L.:.-=,L.i.'& ., 3:1‘: V1 ii... Ox 1 \ 1n other afoot; x':i“;}‘:_in the SOJiIzl {f'.3:21211{‘Ci3. The ioniucity oi thls suW ngpion is: furthor sup3o3too when 1t 13 r>allzed that such ovano 'enorallv do not occur 3n 1deaL e}qu=rijnelgtefl (*‘LJLJJLF‘T. tnxt; ruitr1oz‘ 1J1 :*31;U€vtio on<3 vflxicfll allow lor the traz: mi ooion of a g at dom] of oubjcotive opinion and hypofhoscs by imiividuafi, including toache and pa?onts, prior to language evaluations. Sugficstions for {wardinfi against the occurrence of this phonetonon by 4pcooh Pathologists at both the zwL Iormn and proLerslon 1 6H76’J7 - - . - - ~ - . ~ -, ‘ -_ . -- .‘ for". f.‘ ' ‘ .-V.-. 'v'\.~sV'. ‘\ 3 3:1 9“ ‘\ ‘ ‘f‘.1‘/\ ‘ffiyj‘lr‘f‘ {F _ .. 0.4"1y.‘..‘l:\l_L.‘l.-l:in: ‘s ‘iibg Ilil‘a.) .-Jl,l,,tn' ~11£ l I-.L.‘1\JL1‘._)\],L,_JJ.L) "’n‘ r _' - . T ,- ! l~ r v“. (fl r3 1“ fa“ :q - — .7577?!" ‘ '.:‘ ,t-'.‘3‘-.|-'.u:;- [Una Ur Vinhuxoz. ..2 f. T‘ 3 P1 1' )2 In ff. ("'1' T T (2‘ I_"lt..\‘\: K]J\I\7 ’-J DVEI‘ .‘ - ‘JJIJ If :‘r .- . ~ -. > “. 1 .. c I) N JGafiEELG JJFflG hipnlhfi a . - _ (2“7‘ ‘ “ [\f" J (3 pl... .x: ~ A. an. . 17 0 . l T” ' .‘ -' H , < ' '."‘ - .1 ray-«(1'1 v1.7 MAL 1’. ,1 5 '1‘: »- r. L [5'11 K. .F. ._._._ L , a a ,1 ’r I‘ ‘\:" hf- IN V“ f 11"} {:1 I'LLLL'LLJ} ‘LI‘L 1.11." x.) . ' ~- « -. n -,- 3. ‘ ~. » ..- 7- 4 U u ‘-. 0 ~.- an -.r_~ “3;.51'64202‘4 l: Oi J1lel;.(.>-LL'-flj‘y 1322'“ gin/LC}. s.) 4J.CI;\J€/s) Accepted by the faculty of the Department of Audiology and Speech Sciences, College of Communication Arts, Michigan State University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree. \ \ Vls.’ Chairman V . T \ / Guidance Committee: ii .Ivno” v a turn al.‘~./. st'J‘—J’J 1‘ LJ JV.-...l,1 4 . ’. ‘. ‘ ~ ~ ‘ .. “1‘ O , U . ' ‘1 ' .- I‘..~ ' a - . . - o inluil; 8‘.”qu "IL-J ('8. i.).C.~5 1!.) [Li LO c}—,1..._¢; mad {,0 " he 1392131" 01 _L. f , Cm}? dual J 1,! [I13 . n e JLQ.-.'~‘_..L‘:‘_i.‘.. CC 1'. , '\ f‘ i" V \ —V_ In r l l . ‘ ‘ . v. .‘I "- .~ - 1 " ,' ' rm " ‘ -I,‘ .4 ' .1, 0‘ ‘ w, in." . LI . in“ or... .3 9 1'!) ‘32? f1 . CI (JVJ 1'1“; L-'.').'1 , El? 10. l-..!. .;: 1.} in e C I‘; “7.7.. JLL T‘s—23.31., . V . .' .' .“ . . '.' - t 1 - .I - -. 1 I . - — --. .- - r-.~ . . .... - m n - ~ .— . "‘41? . L312: .LI‘ [-3.1 TC: In; 1L1 C? _~. .3 «,7. 'u o I L; o. .l Sn.) ("Ii Cl'mil 1‘. i. \r 3,; IA LIL?" ~14 O O '1“ 'r' ‘. 1,191 ' ~ - 1). .\~ - ' I 3’, r,'}.‘ r ."v I~."" " ’3‘ “ ' ‘3' " J”! \‘L a r ‘ A.‘ H E: r .f. ..J (\ wa ’ “3“ _- x )1 .1.x._l',.I_ .L. in" .It. ,', .U 9 .L‘u‘k LJli ‘1. «2-' l l‘ a ," J - -w-.‘ 1.1% J ol/T' ‘. i") f IK‘ . f" 3 H‘ ‘, 2 :‘AI - \l, o-\.‘-_L. , tn .4. -.J c ‘ ‘ -.._,I0 ‘H’- 1.1 ' ,.Ll-‘ ’.f,‘ . .. , ‘ .~, 7‘ ‘- . -. r r. L.( . :;;:l. .L-1‘ x» L*121.a11° Chili; Lil . I);~7LJ_GCL 1" i .Q "' r 1’ J“ “ l ‘ " N ”1 "‘ I‘ 1" I' ‘\ I, ' .r) " .' "' ‘~|’ . ~'y- Schumaic' icy HPJ‘ beOdcofli.~flb aha aelplul suagestlons. Vi. ' 0‘ 1 . _ r' g x, D T I -, 1-‘a‘. r t 31‘ i‘ p o. ' I . ‘. - . ‘ _. 111:9 .J“ .3 5:, -...' lC-L 1,.177‘9.‘ Luann bot—Lalo}; .L‘E; 53.1130 {1“th 0,} 13? f--—' In adagtion, I'd like to thank V2 n ' LO LDJ.‘ . C(11Cl 1dr?) o 13 (_'3<-I..:.-,Jc,(,'_‘>' , Lfigh] U, 3,701} .L O]? I - I _L Supg‘n;:~;'_"tecx [m 1133:1713 by a Ila-huh): I; t:. ;3.ve Sm“: ices 1-2..:._'233;’v,f:,.<.;Leia-- ”. "' 4 ‘P\:“ ‘. r\‘ . ' 'z” "‘ h L101)-"C1.¢I.,I_u(.'Qc-Illp f/ 2!? "J.“/.Lo m . 1V '7' W“? ’ " WV? 42:“ J!‘.-’».I.--.i.‘4 (’4' CU: uni...) ".*_'|“t"~l I)" “'V" r-r- "‘ '571'1 “‘13-“V'H‘J-JU’N‘W‘?”~‘J I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I T or". 1'1 {Na-15": I.' o» Inn 0 I A _ "J '- 4- 1L-‘-— »- 4-H) I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I “ 'L_‘f’;'1 r L “7: ,,) 7‘-:‘~ L; s“ "L' ‘u'x‘ -‘ -- - ~- A - 4” I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I w r.-3r-"T"-w CIIHLI J....'1”L ‘- 1"17'1C31_}:}."J‘T4:77. -' *‘ --‘ K --L\'*‘ I I I I O I I I I I I I I I I I I I r), “r '\ )‘f ‘1 - \ fiv— '1’f"r" 1.: 1 .\ C' v“ T‘ .17, 3"717" *,fir', ; ‘1) r‘, L” ‘I.\fi/\ ‘y‘ 1-1.2-1” ' ..1. '. \"x ‘_,_(..L‘ _-;l J JL_.V_J_‘_ ,-I -I- 1L‘1\,_}(/-1J‘ K111 c . . . 3“; ‘If‘ 1-. ,- — ”.4 i’ - 1“ f, (I ‘11 }.l—: —\(" I :I ')'l\ ‘J.A T ‘ilelt ..I \.‘L ~4,I_,LJL. .7 -I JIJ‘1(4\-$.U, (-1 . . . ‘ . . . . ' 1“. - L -2-.. *w I °, ‘.. .1- _ 1 '_ c“ r . . .. ' ~r..n y.l I S p/‘IIL‘I - . . ‘1’) I r g“ .‘-)r~ , l , V. __1 f\ \f‘ l.' r “,1 I .L I]. L261]. fi—L L'~- D _L.[]. 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J ;. 4.3“ _) .J.LL,UI. ml l .‘n ,. - . ,....- ,.. ....,‘. ‘ .r‘ u'!,( , n..' \W": |'<\ I ,, F“ (/ Um I - L u’.l.l m J. k; in-“ . .1 “(J 1 thank») u o o o o o o o o o o ') .x ,. \ ~ ~\l‘ r A - . n .1‘ L ,‘x ..v _;,4 . ‘4 4-)). (-"}J..l L.._.- K'.‘._'.n V l rev-I. ') fg--.-;-\-“ Y." -r w'..‘:' . "1' 8" e .‘OLILLJJJJ .LJ'-.Lk)_a_;’;i.LU.i o o I e o o o o o o o J 'x 1" r‘rwrwmn” TI’NT') H‘s 'fi 1:“ H: -' ' ~ ~ \w. v - i w '( ‘ ‘1 , - ' - ", 3.. .Ll\>).'..'.‘..erJ.L\)1tv .Lx..'. .a..'-Jl 1|-44-.\ ‘L'LJ.1‘.‘.LJ. VA ‘ ~ L; .' . ,V — ‘ IL...“ ~-“'v' c o I o c I c o o o a o o c o o o -"-’ "‘ '.‘. ‘. '( _'.--'r ' ’ ‘ ' .,‘ - (.‘~V’ ' T.’ v--_ ~ Y '7' ".-vg.l-"'r ‘1. ‘1 v as " "" ' ' ‘V ‘n " \') l' v' ‘. 'l. l " " l ‘I -1 J-L I .L.‘;..o..‘ A‘.‘-"~l.’-.- (I..>a J ~I". --‘ A. -J 1'..'.'.-.s J.J--‘.\~..4'.LJ: 'J \.l 1-4 L “J r—i. . A. | "C Li I . I. 4 O I O Q 0 O O O O O O O \r) \O \O a) CD I) [1(11 7 '(nr‘ /"*v-‘ T .‘(. H‘ . ~:(\{‘,“| I ‘ L.‘I\:\) ,| 4'". (‘1':1'x IT;‘ .‘l T‘! f} t LMII. ' I J a.‘ .I .l “.24. ‘le Lb) w.) J \l.‘. .L."..L-I “212.. URN/.1 -. - .LJ " V I ' I \ t . ‘K 1 ‘1' ‘U J. '1 {'1 ‘l '1 «1.: ' ‘ -u "k *4 ‘- ‘ x ‘ ‘ - *J - v ‘ 'U C I C O O I O O I I O O O O "1 *m'.’ m . mu 1, - \f e 0?. 51 active Rospo a 11!“. N '1 ‘ e O ‘ "C ‘1'; 1 .T1 0 1‘] .‘1 ( J.‘ .L for 62¢ bfxc‘f'") Al.)t4 , ‘V '1 .- 8; LN; ”J 4‘ r) 0) l...‘ 1" . , A f. I ' -- A A .1 \,4. 1 1(‘. 2 L-E 3‘3 'fl C)" .. x. .;.\,: v. 1 '10 8. L3. U. 7 v I .D L \ "" Ca- . 3 b: r. .- C- ) g :orrter1 C 1. NT {C ’D ( , , ‘L . TV- tsl'n V f" F-- l~ . k, .A L I J .ed or L ”(IX oerfcr 3 - 1‘ [1 .'1i ta I“‘..' r‘ ,., l. \o l 0 :1. "r : tvxn (x LL 3'? . J kl \ l I V) F4 "LL ,1 . . ‘0! V Y ~\ I! fir.“ w or WA ., x w: l. \\ I ‘ .I‘ ‘ 1‘. bl. r‘a - I ‘4) (.7 r . IL ’ . ’ . . P T);— .‘k I, .\. O r: ‘ o .14 O. o . 1 Ir J. L .VL. WA 2.. 3 LI. . p ; ' I l _ (I\ O 1n\ \ T. ...‘ o.\l~ . AI. “HI. . “I. v.1U O 0 3A O can. W.“ t. 0 ‘ . ‘ \J . ‘I I.” I‘D /\ uglfi. I \n \l‘ u t V r 1. Ta” . f'v J- . _ . \ \J . ». .,\. /\ ..hi. “I 7. fl. 0 r... 1. O V .I‘ I _‘. . .‘k ..FL r; .L 4 "I 0‘1 F 44 J C \. ‘ vL r.-. _ u _ .I (\ 0, ..t. o xix 3L 0 ..L T“ ...... 4.... ”1x 0 m .. I.“ c ..J a. 7|“ 3...” U Pl \1/ 7’ 1‘ 4L 0 x .I .‘ a v A . (\V (k ~ I— .\ a n C #4. m... .F. o I). a I. 4 w!“ r; ..r. F .i ..u C G C . r\ x .y .W q PM M r 9 . 1. . . 3 . .\ L luv .L ‘ {A O . . . . . W . r. ,._.|\ rt. 'o,...| 1 1.: .. 11.. .2 {U m ' I . \I l L ml; r\ r 4 \ ,. .l. H . _. (K n 1. PI T! . \I . \l _ L n» f (’15. lflk n w 3» IA. VI . r .. . 4t. Tl) ’ \ O a .7 1| u.‘ 1. u 4-- _ .. r... y, x 1m 1‘ .L v ..v». “I... ( ‘ flu. mi .74 U. 3.. ‘1 all 7;. w u TA , . .. . . x) .f m, .., \/ ‘ I ‘ .. \ W .1 .1 a 1 TE 5 .l T- -.u _. , IL . -.y; . . 3.. . . . n x .1. ‘J . a in H ..q/ . ...\ r“ ’1’. V‘a o I\ “in. :1 0: rd‘ Jl. Fl «.I. ‘ . . I) u . .1 C .14 r\ L. C J 4.. v v \ 4 \l ‘ ,. r-. r k wiL ill fll rx _II¥ ,J\. .J . x. J h ‘ W! ..iIJ «J In" an” (L. .J vi . I V :\ 11. fC. a . . ‘ (. 0 . ..J .1. (s ‘1 L K ‘7. I. . rr $4 .31. v ., WI) ,)4_ ‘ \ VI. 1; ,1. O C . I; . . v7; r I. . wk c. 1 IL — I. J \. 1‘ I . n .L 7- . .t. . ..vj :.,\ r..\ .‘ i J vii. fit \ .- » n‘ ‘L \. . rt. . uL-|. . , L, L .I)‘ .31 .II-\ II. I . -v .r u x) .._ ,. .(I‘ All . ,.\ “A ‘1. 0L A ‘ .0? l by ‘ I 771 -r | '. l .. 14. l “f" .1) f 1L '3‘ C U .‘ I U"; .L r ’1 7W 4 LI" d ‘ f r.) I A); n C ( LV (.1 72,317 (7:: "‘ TN 4'. C. \. - (4-. ‘_V |_4 (a J‘ [+7 ‘v’v .1. I (\ 1113 U 'l“.’.) rap] a\.l 6 V. r ’- "'1 "3" ' L4 1- ‘w '. LI 7' '1 LO r“ ~\a,_ u‘ )1. L.‘ '1 w v V -. rx-n /-‘« he ' s O a. ‘o K it. n ‘v‘QJ‘! (“ |__\ (j- I‘ 1‘ U I." . “<1 *5." . ‘.(-.:"_“ ,6 Jr .. bl \ A I. . .° -. _'i.l.1l LN», 11' 1 »'* 1 I." C) ‘I'v, “ fly 7] _s {5. L. C . v .w ‘ -,.,' ,., ..r. .. LIL.) ‘3. S. (T C’U - I a r. C; If .f f7 :‘t J 'a- ‘ u',‘ I 0 u a. -. .~w" . .4.. n1; 5 w- ‘ 71'. ) (.- t g C) 5-, ) f‘I-f‘ , C more 0 "6W1.:T . ‘~“-L‘$.a.;4.‘x' . ‘L e 01" n C) I,“ 170 I." . {3 ing Ci *‘f‘ C I“ L“: F' lake Ti \ l.’ "I ('I 't 7 L’u !. l 1'3 ."t ‘3‘ 5 l \4’ ’- i .’ {71* K ."\.’Al" (3’ The 'h I U o— . :0: ~ \ _. I)" fit: R; C13. \ 0"‘f‘s LJ\ r 1711.; V . Q Q ‘ . o n. a" I ‘ <‘.. ' I ; (9- l|~. J utent i: veral 518 C‘ 2.; . . 'v ‘\ J- ‘ - “lnl'fi‘f! l.- JT 8 and expel I“ 'L’. r bi a l mente 2 descrioec experimenter effect 8% the extent to which the oo*3Lu’d own a deviance from a (correct) ralue. Experimentcr n6. refers (1‘) . . "'1 "L x v“. n o'n \ , ~-\ ~ D ‘ Q blac 1m close?! related LO ElfifirlmbntBL effects 4‘ J‘ ‘ r‘ I! N' "' ' ‘ '1" f" . ‘ A " ‘. ‘. V o ' ~ -: V‘.‘ - u!‘ I "' 'q ‘ -', LO LHJ CAL ht LO which the expsrtmenuer effects (or CPrOL) ‘r'- "o I" - ’.~'\ w, -~ -' x r ‘6 " -‘- ~-' 1 ~ ' '- .- - v v r. . . Hr- m ' — - -. o vtLr ac3mH F!T1(H11yi10m a (clUQ/ Valflea Efipmllmeuhfif bias ‘ I 18 1 functxon o:f GYerLMGHTHF effect and 13 QOcO”’nPO my consicteht aklumct“1c17 varia‘iOhs item the (true) value. pd H51 d experimenter effects \--.-I ”-1 )— o ’r" "I K-.. v n I- a -J ,_9 "s P- 1 ns 3" C b.- }- o 1 p (.4.— "D ..4 r- If II‘. .32 /‘\ l—A \I) (j\ \r) V Lfi test :"u1,u (p. 2m8). On the other hand, e\h*f11eoter .L I \‘r’: "v‘ a. "‘ \ .v ‘ ¢“‘ ‘*l . b3 Lag was CHLAHHd as the ccfirce to MthH the teaLer lS influenced by ywwaov' tset in; 7‘ - .'. ,-.. _° .. .-- o. .r‘- a . -11 }\ -. ,- . ‘ 3 . ~ ‘ ~Y. we. \ ,- .. In 5 § - . v" if " LLLQLLWCHLJY bjwcg Luca, .czey; to c" the D*OQUHCCLVGQ ‘ - In - ' | - \ 1 I- 1 ' c .‘L .' § .. 1‘... - t t . .' I'- ’ (’1 f " .u- l‘ l i I“ .L(J{J:AL) but» (’"i L LL11.)¢‘1V\J’ 11L. $) gsUQ‘k‘v {1.1 s.) LJLK‘_‘LE‘\r\/t ‘v 1..)(11. 0'. ¢\.LLKJV’ 3 ‘ .nrp- .. 9-1-1 r '1 . c. . w h .t!, ‘.' ,- 4, r. r; . If .r \ ‘1.“ _ C 1’7 ‘\_ how th.¢e »cege ufiJU c Lge aetvgt I’IJU'I h.ce, ace 0” ”e performnne~ is reportci. nyerimehi2r effest, on the other hand, is how theee preconceptions are conveyed to the SLflDjC(Tt. Experimth tel hwnw is closaly 1e12t ed to two other imyortanc concepts :oncerhtn: the behavior of the experi- mcn;cr and subject. Merton (1958) chi Roscnthal (19 66) di,otu,s the concept or selfnjulfilling prophecies" in experihentcl and testing situztions. The "self-fulfilling prephecy" "oncept imf 15 that the excerimenter has a prephccy corcerhing the outcome of an event and that the expectation of that eve.t changes the excerimcnter'" behavior 1h a manner that would tend to increase the J Probability of the occurrence of the evexu. mei ton adds that human beings it:,~ne Lot only to the citeution but to armi re54x2 d according to their inter retatiense Thcee interpretationc H - A 1m » ‘.-. , —~- .. v. ' r~. . ‘_” _ 3 _‘ _ . , ‘ L OIL utilVl 1!. may bx. 1(.'1.;:;‘c:u Calh‘dilfl 0 ~-—.1 I“ *u a) s o ‘l v C‘ .‘ (I J H LJ. UT ’- O \r 1...f. ~._ . )g r‘ 1 1.. '- .’- -‘. , ,-' . .. 5w - .1.“ , ‘... —-.. 7|.*. . - Dcntcdifl (I: 0.an LL.J.‘.I.EL-l'\.-;.=. as L-HUj LL33.{1.L-€ t0 *‘L‘LTIH‘HC 13‘s; . ’ l‘ V 'I ‘ I‘ 1 ‘\ . . ’ ‘ \ ”y ' n‘ V ‘ ‘ r\ “,- .: ~‘\ ~ '-‘ r, -_ C - '- -4-"-..4- ‘ /‘ 1n tmhMOJnOIaL bClefiVG, lmum21hm22(¢2bcv;eed by Glue (19b r n ”I (D \l I: I. u conveyed to the subject by certeia ones or "demand charn 4..” ._ ' : .- an 2' _ ac m 3-. 3.2;. LJJI w]: 1: w"- 2-.“,.' .. h. ' ~ -._ ..J- .L! . .r-- .1» ( I~214) e; plCLlllk(i :3 1.2 21 65-}L c o Lui-i 'thxu‘ 8:: 2212‘ CL% one: .‘ . V . -.'- a. ' I f ‘ ‘ . t .‘ ' . 1 - ~ -‘ _- . ‘ — - . , - -‘ f . J- ‘ F n o 0 ~ ' EIJ)3€nJL .19 :zhllzg 2:0 Vaéll hiwtcxni 22: an; Ofiifi7ll.7rllhgl. anvit02ft . '1 V "v- ‘5’."§ ~ r .' .1 rr - gr” '2" -, 7 (Way -' "p I. up ’ (r *n '\ . r-‘ \ r7 (3131'. : '- \J- ' 1.11 (.4. Iii-.‘i-.'11n..). (iv; 1. Jibnl b0 1J1“ \ (1.1» 3. ..L (.7 OJ. (.4. {JDO‘J on IJUL b n g L ‘ ' ~ .ur‘ '- I. . " .‘\ . ~ ' 4“. ‘ ‘-' ‘.~ A. - " ‘ (3')" ln U L'IJQI‘ Muff (.113 htU Vr(~.-.15;.r; i 31 gal": F,“ .) 7.1411212 L511 1"“‘L "- . ' ‘9 .‘ r r‘) z'.:. -.,.-_._._,' 1.-.: I. _" .v, : (a ,. 2,‘ thccie' (p. 7/u). he fiLffleJhmHLct‘C lole in an t Wi\e one :3 ‘ v. IN r~ r '. .\ " ~ ' "1 u - v 1 a . ' F an; often c< ten"2ihes the reeponae; oi oh oubgect 'he ~ ‘ . N. \ .‘ ‘l. ‘ '| “"' .V " 'fi J‘. I ~ ‘ '.- .c“ y- I.‘ '~ . I . 1' \. C 1391‘} 1: C 11“ 31‘ 1211!» L. 118 0.22.11»; 0 J. L-ch (zen-12%.; lC‘d; he 13 IT'Rni if.) be ‘«2'Uc- tine s3ut>jc::‘ 3:; htyt :2 pfifixsjfifiu ircsqjcrulc‘ 21t; hart 821 active. intelligent 13r1101yflhu in an experimental citua tion. The subject's 'esp ewnces are based not only on the stimuli priccnted, but also on the cutjec" S kn0‘lec“e 01 ‘ scientiiic rc‘:ce;1rch, its ains and purposes and his perception of the kind of results which LPG expe“imehtcr is seeking. R0 den-1:1} a] and uObZ‘LO‘N (100;) suggest that the subject may be making dcnands upJH the experimenter 7y reinforci c u - -, .. 1,“ _. -..° ,-. .' 1,1,.“ ,. . w . . ”by, ' "1-: . . 1 \ 3" . OUkAlJ? ELL! BiflblVLJUf-atxfd t0)! 1'11? {.5}: I‘Lfill..=.-llu‘:fir ’ the GXHGI. i371831Lel‘ e>zpC C1Ct1ons are reinforced and bCCCmC OIIOL er. .I The }L orhec1es may be sunu1v1ded 1nto two pypes, ' 3 ' \I " w ‘\ \'-'."‘~ I. I". , “‘1' r‘ . \ -.~ w-. r ( I 4"“ - '-. .(1 accorwlng b0 ROLthHul and Lquobeou (19u8). In une I1ro "" ' ‘ ’ "'1 W . ‘ I "" " ‘ " .: \- n>'1 . - x 53“ v' ' 'r- - ~ * type 1111:3112 18 no (10111.11 I‘Llai 3.031331 11‘ bp- Laced me prOiJhBCj '- v u--‘. J‘ I -~' -l . ~ I.‘ ,9». er. I.‘*‘. -“ v a . . \~ ~ the 101mme 0b 11m 4; h0‘4b bVCl, a 1k L~Luonshlp may or may not be C1almed. An 0V“Ht DS‘ occur 0* Chance bum Coause O 1Cd for thC event, he ray cla1m the event mas Ch1p CDT? 4 " " \ I‘ ‘ ‘ ' ' f' "I“ ' '.-,‘. —~ -:_:‘- ‘ ‘ \' ’\ 1.“ r .- .“. "‘ may bhhfl C verdl 101nm. 1nC prupuCcv P“V lchO .0 JtS - .° 1.,‘ ‘. - ‘.._'..‘,_ '= 3. ‘19. ...' .' r. 1-. n“ . --1- - ,._. ()IJ};0 (Li 3 r", ’. -!.f1'L%.-:f41--1 a): 11.1 .L)’ 01.“ 1.1.51.1}1 1-6317. LrlUA' {:1 14.3“ 0 .1116 (1‘01"), «J! g A: -\ .fl ‘ - I -~ '-. v-‘u- ~ s! ‘— '\‘- v -’- ‘1. -.'-o A 1- -1- .. n ‘ '5‘ 1 I 4‘ o q ‘ 1.8.3," 7... L, 1,. I“ ..:.+..-- :1 L' “1', L; Ha, COLL hub J.‘C.-.1-V11£Llw1€ 1111 x "h V r ' l \ 734’.“ ‘1. “7 ‘ " “I. ““4"“. 1" ~""\'t‘a ‘ \ P: v' V‘ I' x ‘v -\ I ‘ ' LF .‘ -. ‘ . o ,. “ k ..- ‘ 1‘ ’ 1:“. . J 1 ‘ 13.1.. “ 4‘"! '1 {1‘ . ‘1’ E! _| 1 _‘ _“. ‘_“V ,7 ,. I, I -- I “U- s": A- ‘0 --.‘ . g?) -.r- - 5,-- ’-- - A» ‘ -: w 0.3."- v "\n’ -_~o- ---z <-- - 1 _ ..r «.‘5 --.u :0. V”; _— ..‘r .. -- n. . w ;__:.‘ ‘ ”I C? O 1 vi IA x~ In ‘1‘. SO $1.1. tL1.u;L -; (ME 1210 XJiCJ; 111 Izu13 a 111; anprLurr: 1;. 1110 fLCITn (x1 1e u ‘ . 4 o A. ‘ nae CichimfintCT s yf1pfluLl€So “mud tne su-:cct' s 19 C Cons- (‘T‘ in] o k“ I.) 'nd from 110 211a 0. animal behavicr. Hosanthal and Fode (1963) found Tfimyt labelli n.):n1 exl 11‘nxnwter's 1cr;:1s "brflgfirt" or "dull" afiCCiCd the rats' actual pCrformance uhCn running 5 m a ha I 41 A a Rate vho were believed by their experimenter to be "bright”ET1otua.lly perfOImcd hotter and improved daily, as oppoeefi to rats be]-iev ed to be "dull". Gerda to an:‘ 'on (1963) asked the experimentvrc in their study to note the 4' -“. f ' ~ 1"" r-t ‘ - :' ‘.:‘ ‘-—'~ -. - w 1 ---\ --~ \ ' bULULHfi hguatior of plflfliild. Experimormto s tho were told to oxpco t more turzawx “y their planaria. recorded more <4- I: r‘ s )U H A H.- \O ‘\‘ r .i x , V }—-k 0 fl \ O .1. .J '7' h. (x Na E 1 LN ..J . ‘ o ,' 1:, -__ . ‘MAHXLEZ. hOSbfl 1.111051”, EV 1331 an?) T311131! 111.33." 1-2” L185.) L L) $101.“ 1’ £337 8- 1‘01} , \‘1’11EJ7‘QJH‘V "the - "i "1 ' - u‘ '. '7 ' . u ‘1‘ h 'u .w l - 1 "' 4.‘ 9. A I‘ ~ '1' 'a . . . (Q ' ,‘ Cthner(flT 1&1? aCtflfliliy'IyRVG.lm1ue -nzaGAN31LAu1L I ocor~n1t1g ! - s - >- 1“ ~ J": r, Q ~ h -~ . -~. J- ~ . - x“ . errtiws. hafi1u1;“ (‘3 1 11t1n“ Llfiilo bu iniinzmu.iiott1. : . ' . .'.. . -1, ,1. 3.. .. " a - ..g .. . ~-.'...- _1 .1. . .11“ r. conditicning of the adjduis by the JOCIluanOI. Rosentual (\ 1,. .1 \(rs‘ _- .- . v.1 . . , .. ,.1 ,.1. . 2 Ohkl (igauy) {OIIV IJLB of: :13 Pinquuercs1uso (”H901£21 a Ta 3 9' "' \‘w " n ° "" var“ "1. 1’1 z 3 ("Na ‘f 1’\ ’\ . ‘t 1 '1 F r \ N 1,. 33 M at JP r- '1 J‘; 1' LIEI. 1) 1p A ‘31....iusilcz (L- 1‘: '-J1:l \I;1‘.' 11 r15 U N 1;. TL- x1 t; 2 £3 .LJ'. } {3. L! d.&) - . . ‘\\r ‘~ \ 3-". . I ~ A I ‘ 1‘ ~~v\ ‘3‘ .1— ~.-~ r 11‘th “10.7.0 l.ci\¢‘.|~‘ .LLLL" 1.)L( . ‘1'9K‘Lllj71LJlU' ( fix)- 1.018 lll\€»k|Jl( O i11‘3‘)’ --~ 1-, -‘-Y- -,. -1 ‘-. 8-) -'-‘ - s- - 9‘ .. r J". ~.r ’V fl ,-r' —.« J'. harlfiifid Lgihzl 11-0}. 0 9 1,10 Lil (9,111.1.(‘IM-3‘. bl‘Qilb 61%,: )24‘“ 0103 OI .' * 'f'\r'\"t.“ a" ' ' '- 1 " ‘I ‘ < ' h ‘ ¢. -\ ' Sinou 1950, Cngullmfutuf bias has becomu o: CODSlQCllee \ a. . - 1: P1» .r‘-“'."~“ ‘ v‘ .‘v 1' u ' ‘ o -— V ‘l oonocin in hqun bouavf; oia.3 IC \-Lflon. Several atUQlUb have .- . , ~ ' . ‘ ,‘ .’ ‘ ' . ,I ‘ ,..f- .3- .. ' . 1 - -_. ., - .. .n 'been CuJU Leo oui,1nLUh1 )nV9L{JL+wa. tau 14n12onocr(11 ox- , (I [V porimontor bias, the magnitude of its 911 Got ano how this bias-s is co mmica ted to the sub (.._-Jo () (3+ . Many of these studies involved a FQL H“ nmooxoepti task. In such [.10 ’1} (.0 rt ”1‘ ”[1 0') 5: ,.‘J \J 1| (1 O ('7' ’3 L. (1'. stur t required to rate photog;raphs of a person's face on a ton point oale of awe 0035 or 1?31iluro. The experiqonters were gon'?3llv told that the results they would obtain would ro;f1€ :ct their ability to conduct rceé?rch a? would replicate previouslr "ell— ”leljflhvd rLrnLLtfi. 'lne qupérlwwrr‘o“ ILL“7 V313 irrtL‘o IV'cl lfirileadirm; the CVflorimentnre to believe ihQJ would obtfiin hifih ‘ n' . - I vv '. 4'. I‘- v " -.\ 1 or . Low lJllUiC labln’s Lron Lthr aubgccts. . v. .‘.‘ C“){'- /s -'L r- (V ..‘Hfl J“ *. v. { r I“ 1'"?wa \ ‘I' : I ("M )‘f‘ -. rxh 4' (‘I 1x‘f‘ ’) f \j ’3 ,LL)‘ n.5‘..\ _-K, ‘— M 4.1.. L1,]..l -\—I)L’.' J. J \‘l-. \ILI‘? :LI L. L - l‘\- l.’ LI‘.) 0" ~I‘A. Lceii hlfhor rain ratLNfia than experiment A ’ ) ' *a If! 3 C) n '3' 2 (-4- D.- *7 0; H. P.) C’ y— p Unetoeytlovs 9? *HO r@“Ml* hv w.ll Lh+aza, thn z 9, “ex, '7: 'rv' \. . 7“; 1 " ”\l ”‘s "' ‘ s‘ a ‘ -' 1' J“. ~ -'- '\- . anLchd 1? cl “do hifn fur a; M(3 :71, of “Oh” the experi- r; s r v- ‘ A ' ,*‘ .\ “f'.l'\ ~¥7 L. A - h -‘ I \ - a‘ . aw i-E :r 3233 gtfiwgéctLIcag' e 1.:CL. “1L 1‘99”}.13 (*1 ldk? €XJA.ClHWTflie '7 <* «1,133,. " {’7 5-K“: Parr-’1 ‘19”: fl ‘ '1‘? -"1"' "' hr \2“" w"-"' -'~‘ rf“: ‘T T‘rx 1\(‘).;n:-IL|L.L:c-..‘ \‘2’ u» «ULICLALJA-O L7 x: 'J 1.7.x“ (-.lEAvu OJ. 3&9 C _ 'L.C CELL) ".1 .3329! '. L-‘JJ. .111. L*.: 1 LL(.' Ltu L). l-h c.‘ A? U_!, u 1:3 .35.!) NHL" b. .11)." .. ~ --' '5 ‘- , -, 1‘" .,-. " - 4- .v‘ -‘ 4-'r_ s 44‘ ‘al C10 " 1" Lil" r" 35”» (Li- t’ld f~}.1-.‘JL.C b C Lil’ L‘L‘i'vpll ‘3‘ J“ L-IlG 7 .301 C '1. r ,.A -I '| ~’- \ . I"\ (j ‘1 - - . ~ ..I.‘ -’.- : u- -. . n‘ I P ih(t @- 3) -.R9th¢r \HL: Llcz to JJullLHLLCCE hl§7 LLHJJLCtZ s Q ~ 31 "- -‘-- - O ‘ - ‘ I. r s, "4 ‘\"fi - ‘ V, - p u. ‘ a ‘ 1 ‘ - ICSH-LS. ‘u Boalilov, Loren, ”ovum: hxdwlnott 9mm K.elu (190?) ikumwlzvge of the rvflchct infirwm%rald willx'flxc sex ..L" and socnoeconouic level of the subject and Xian the eXfiorimoler conducting the aluta1icn. J" he 80X 01 .1. per and subgect also bla (fl l tle exyerfme:r ' the osults of the oxpnrimont. L_lv*~r~n (1968), using a word association tflfii, found his CXPuTlWCHLCMS could more easily r? ,.I “D O '1') "‘1 O (W :._10 ’1‘ O f . ’TN \ l H O C: C? P. ..J ,.) v % <+ he y. 0 manipulafc the rmemoLsss of ‘ personugr:r se}ti0n tzzak, Ros enthal, Mulry, Parsinger, VikanleffiJ1,zu1d Grofhe (lfiflfll) found 1fluvt The female subjects; were more 03? ily 1rmlwmud by the. experimr nwr' b’as. Ehcy also found féwzle experimentzrs got results Opposiie in the car’“i:“chr‘s expecfaiians when to? tin: vale EUbjCCfid. Pos~nthg and F009 (1963) found female subjc ts tended to rate the pho {égr3phs hijhzr than malu P‘ \ I ‘- 'I "§ u - “EC-2 €..-._OC:I' 17.37") (TLC-“.1 C, r1517; ,2 re to obiain the expected resulim, afjco+ his . $1” ””“"‘ ’ "‘ ‘i ‘~ (""3 "7 7r“ ’0 V'""‘-'t' r- 7-7 C' qu‘H 1 P’“’“‘; C “" ltA-L - ‘1KJ-1L~‘ K‘Jl llJ-uJ Li‘k Ll‘ -; ‘ L.) 4.’\1I_J )dr1k \Jl: C £\C)I_ («It ‘4 ‘v‘ .‘ [\zJ L‘JII ( J ’ -3 ‘7 7H") '7 . 4— ‘- :7 Af‘~ , ‘ ?J;u C(”‘ ( lyt 2) ffflfinfl 03; 9L.ULCHTtERC:~ oi IKLCLJQYI nynrleawv evw-1 (as ( (-.. — .- .1. ,..J I“ . f 5",“ (-.. Ot ,‘fl‘ vt‘ ’W .. V“ (‘x I‘l‘,\ v.‘ 1‘ .3- r_‘ -L‘.- 'w‘i ).V'Y‘ _p ..‘ : V' 3...‘ ~‘ 4— "1 .. '- :~:~_ft:n‘l. m; L C J. .. c, u . OJ .. 31!.“ .L 7.. .3 x u d C‘u- {1.) 7'12»- 1 ‘33:. . NT). J. PM .71 L551 $9 0 J (3. $110123". {'ij '1 .4 7‘ ‘ "“‘x “"1 , a .. , ,.l. ‘.. I” ~.L ‘1 a.. .! 1‘} (111d C'JT‘CsI {wk (-3.!) ‘x‘i)) I_(V} LEIL‘) L133». J-‘:LL5.:L\_;€J L‘ {7”} J- '13:: L ‘-.i.rl.‘\;'.'1 [7110 . r V 7 \ ’n .A' ~-‘ 11 ~‘r‘. "- f « ‘. V. _. _ .l‘ :7 ' e}.j.‘C’L .1.Z.- :3; Etc. L b (10 0.1.1. 713d \ .L " 3| _' ‘x _‘ ..L...’ O '1‘. ‘- O ‘ ‘ O ‘ O ._ - _O .l‘ ‘1 . ‘ Ii phe GgPerm?Ub9r 19 La h3g5 hlG SUDJCCLS Lo 15 very Q; iporiint that he balieve in the cxyucfc ouficomo. Kennedy H° a (1909) $Lu0ic1 tue thflr3mbflu01.b :ias on a task oi verLal J... conch: ion‘nfie He found 1:33 conditioninfi occurred when or thci_r H) the experimentcrs were given only one cxpec Ltvncy subjects. He explaineu that, if The experimenter is led to expe ct some of hf: subjects to do well and $56,721.; 'to do poorly, fhe s tuition will appc 3r mare plans .able and the ‘A experimenter wi-l be more liEsely to in£luexw ce th osubjcct's responses to ceincide with his ov}o.LiHCieu. Cooper. 13',cHIC‘g, Pkflxmrt, and Dohreivwmmi (1907) 1(n4vi‘thwt tie amount of effort one put into a task increased his belief in :K: tL(1L (591)1ng 0‘ Q\ .1. "v -. M ~ .1. ‘ .\ ‘ r I , - ) rcporbe.. (\L‘7 - m2 Lin ionzl c-a1.ctera (2.99 .. r—n‘t.f‘c~ 4‘ \wvr- w“. --z“--\'1 uh I)“. 3 (‘ \ha’1f)(' fl '1 o 0] (:‘V‘N 3:}- \(5 --s') 'lV‘LJ O..L -¢;.1'C- ‘ 153K n \..4.L k, \\..|O (if (.4 xJI-JL-‘x‘x -;2..\1i 1n ini UV (.1 .LI' 4... ‘.. “,1. ' R, -,_ m1, , ~ ,.I .,. _..z.,.. ' - -.f . -57 . I LLcl- sun -c,m. lHJCC onnr399urigiics ICllOCt the 307001 3 ,4; .7. ' .- 1- -- : \ . . ..., . ’.- . . 4., ' . DSFCOFLluH 03 L35 expéllm-nte; nun HGPO WUHCLchy 00-31ne< ... .'_ -.;. ... ... :.__. , _.'. .. . .'\_ .77.. ,,V-‘..,. .. -. _ grcut 7905, L, E-:J?.Lz.;:(~:IF. we]? 3.! f C-C L- Km; 63. 13.x} 1‘0 131 O ‘ (2.3;..L017 31, 1' - (a: V l‘\ P-(- 1 ‘21 - \.- ,1 . '--\ -! ~ \' —- a, 1, -‘ u -, r‘ -. t, n (a \ A \f~ lflrt‘, - .H)33417:.:.~.;4"‘..,...’~-.F'9 CC’ilt-‘lfi- H.311 ., l t,.--:T>\L1U,fl {’1 {“300ng 3110. I.- : J13". .i.o o o, a L. , -'-‘ w-.. -.,. eated his Emlllby ' .0‘1 . _ \ ° . .l .' Y‘) x .L.‘- . ,. 5 “‘.~_ .‘_ ‘ (‘x /. ’ to iniincniu his sxhgequ (nOSGfiLhal Gnu diocesan, 1705). ,vuw_ ._ _ o u ‘5 .. r‘ g.) r r .. A .. «~- ._ I .—-. fl 4_ a ,. ‘ ‘ o V ~_ r -ucsiE (p. 7/9) at CmeMnluuxCl to him n3 . - / ‘ r‘s . -. -' thu exqpezirmxrter. Ekaickxwi (Hmzmxrflihl, 13k13, 19/0) zxLL-iw buces three aims to the subuonfi, Lb 39 aims are to obtain the rewara on» the -uhjecv for his parmicipa ion, to discover the iafiionala of the experimenter, anu to his'bGSt foot :Wo-xlrd" bf doing what is expected of him. Bees (1969) cu~HC“toC that w7an3 characteristics un— inTKJn H01 13; coymnnqicafixe to Llua SUI7KNVt QOLh7011n" (xf whafl‘ the experimenter is after, Th9$u Cemund cnartctcriatics then allow The svbject to interpret his role as a "good subject". Rosenthal and Rosnow (1969) conclude that subjcc s population as volunl OCT a”c - J. :_. ,- VolUnnowr-Jg a CR 1.3.1" 0 I." f 3.1.] {[11 L‘. likely to volu rsw-J ‘).‘. "-3 , .11-. - fur11crm 9 ‘r_ ‘ a ‘ a 4_ ‘ r ,‘ ,1- , G q ‘ ._. ,.‘ . . '_‘. ! 9 ._ 7 u , 1'- . EAPOIJHIHufl Lay “00 be Icprusgnxa.ixc of L-c mt. r _,_~ . .1, -. .4. - '- - - —. , —. L’- 11(' I (\- O 1.11 KJUV .L k7111'] (1 i[£1r_~.. 1; ‘ 1‘1) J 7() I S) ‘ J; O '. 4’ "° 9“ ’ ' ' " ‘ ’2 - ‘ \ .‘ ‘f‘ \ \ a 1r1cclc19toc ‘ux him; LOiu<§ 01‘1“CEA32FC}; or ’0‘ _ ..‘ . ._ 3 . — -" .7. I o luff." («1:90 1-13" ‘f..L‘;‘.’. 1“" t 06.101735" V0.11. be - 4-1 . LV .3. -1 ....;.' ' -~.L.' .1, .- ,- 1).!._). k ”a 't [-11C_1.F 1 :11. U- C 2.: 3» L-iOIl n.3,}, 153d d Tn‘J a. '1“: " 1‘, r1 I~ ’3 -. ‘Li a 3.» -'~ s f‘ t ‘1 ‘ f ‘ 4‘ (‘1 ". ’5 f. i". ..l 11;.1.C.1.O.'l. fl . 'uJ-t... cu, .-t 1133-1-11”; cl; .OIC .- -’- ‘--‘ r')-.'§ . 'Ffi ‘5' r I \ {.3 f»-, ,‘. 1 v.11I-r )1), \(-|- I". 'Y ‘5’ J-‘n' {IL-n (J1- 1.}. [AI-t“; ill.» ' (1-15.). J..n-‘,_\) le C (2-114 -...LC11L~-F0 O ‘42. . .7 . H ' > . .L r _‘ . ‘ _ ‘ fl :1 (L _, . 'o" : . . “in; 1M: 1.?» mm ‘9 v1.11; 1. 1.51:: 16.1311 LN.) be 01 El 1’1..."1r(.:l‘ U " . . . .‘ '1 ,.. , ,‘ . ,' . ,- ‘ _.‘ .L .' J- n‘ 3- . .' 3. - ..- eoutcl.cum1. lwvol; 111119v .cc» 3111nu-_:---ous, h111unh 1LL0111|unCE, h1Ln~P in ncco for L orov L, and 1040? in a \ 1 '\ -. . Jr . -: . 3 I ‘ V \ L r» r‘O ("1 y t\ 11F ‘.-‘ "" “ ' 5.: (”‘1' at (-9 3 - "I 1‘ a1 ‘ 11! ‘ l. .1 k—&. -3 ‘ .fl-LI- 21C LI tfin? L) \«I'. ‘ C)!»- C;J'- L (xv 1) _,l_ ‘.._, ‘J....(.- ‘3) ll] L‘!.C .. . .' . .H- 1‘. ,-‘ A. .. . W .‘ . .- J ‘ - F” ., . ‘ ’ - ‘ .‘ .. f '. 6:, ‘11-: I.’ “111,1:1‘ 1.4.2.3." $111701; [2 111.? L. L! a -L.L 1.5 L0 1115-1129111 .3 111:: ..‘QC 31:91,, ' - 4 .- ‘ ‘ " "‘ rx 0 ; 1 ‘. r ~. ~ A I" ‘ o. - -‘l‘ - . § l- , ‘ . I ‘L ‘ : 'Uwcue cull: C13; 19.1c.. ml [Ht .J.LJHCt-Iway LjL(H$u.H13 .. . J. . , . 4 PI o'c— rm -- ‘4- . v . a. —.' ‘ . - y .‘w . ,,\ ‘ g. a . .I, a: - .. . hQ‘I‘CF-Tnjaflfii 0.“. u 1', , m": l ,- *1: “‘1. (.1 1-1.1171, 1.12“: I“ “TC? 3.1-" : 1.1-0.5? 2-0 tlxcn1. ~vr f v -: .- ' x '- w s. ‘ ‘ P‘. . .' - r\ F ‘ = " . v — 1 ' 131.1312}. .'..".~.L"1L{.'.‘:‘ 13.!- -’§ 1‘ 5V 1):: (‘1‘, ‘ 1’13“," L 1):, " -‘l-‘t Liv-(13.2." 3113/43 17' . - ~ \ - r J \ .‘Q'. ' ".n - ~ 2‘ '7',‘ I‘!‘ . A q / ) '4 \r Lb‘l‘: 1 (IfiUfE. IL €;L"_‘\,l‘c 1):), f (5.; LI. {-"1(‘ :‘i’llf‘ \ICJ_?1 (1>L\\3) u', {\(I C; " .flr'l a. ‘-- {. }"| \ (“.3— 4‘ . ' '9 1" Q :‘ " 7 ‘-"r-§ ‘ ‘1' ‘7 (. : 1“ f”, (‘1 C (-1 an ( T". 7‘}. (-1-:I' ' I‘ kaJ. Uklnb'1,)-_ ('VJJL‘ LCI‘Ll ’LuL‘J\~ ' Ht.) 1).- K, ‘I mOK’ ..‘J ytrcrikahg La;.n(¢& ’0 -(. )‘..1 UL -K1 the ex135-1"1.1.'z(¥11‘1} sub1ccts hoov- of the xpcrim this sse.3oion. f‘ I) vu felt t session. recorded i1st1 be present. '.Lt lvi However, In additi<)n, ' . ., -.I- in two 5.3f639 . . , , - . -v.. ‘. r1 -. - - , am) $33!! (.1 1‘3 0 Z‘LI‘ILBI 11119-113; f c lap-J I‘E‘COfdlug' .,.: 'l’f-' ‘ . 5 «as .,,‘- ,..f‘ v‘ 1‘ . p. ‘ 1-11 bufs . .1211; 11%: 11101731 ‘.. of? SO Isl-LL. e (1.1:). 1113 In the second soawsiol, called the nonvisual 1- r- ‘ 0712;: more. played 'to ”the orqmiriLMWTtor' It wool; 33 present only in the Visual even on the subjects only heard the uc tions, an exporimon1o1 efik ct \as found to in the nonvi ,ua 1 condition there own' ratiI:J. ,p ,r-_ ./ I: |- ~ .'. .- ,. -\,.‘ Lb”! II did]. all FOR ‘3 (L120 ) combat u'i bhE‘ 4px;} “OH“- 433.," ~ \ _,'I‘.:.-.' . ‘ .. -. .._ .2 ~ ,.I ,. . ,1. - 4.. . “AW: .fi -1. Ilrut LCJLLLuLOfl, tJH: muudcctmI:gII and hIaIml dIe emeIIIunqbcr, ,‘ . “ w ' .I‘n- . 3, ..I J... m- I. \. ..,. , ,I., .- ,..o 1,,“ mm 16 111 bus Sutouu Lamb. L L I] uh") I. 0127;: ()J. 0;..}:\_‘1"J“I;I’;I'1I L161?“- ‘ \ " r F "' ‘. 'I- \“-" ,‘b .u . "1' ‘ r1’\"4 " "’ ‘ '1'." -I ‘ Ir‘ "‘ " 'V -"N ' \ ' . \ ‘ ' I SQLJCUU lflutqu chb IcIc LOLfltuo 1n ufk .n) I Lne subgectb ~l - l ‘I’ 'r ‘t .'I ' ‘. .- "“' ~"‘ ‘ " ‘ ‘- " v \ .— ‘.’ ‘I‘ “ "I ’~ "v “ ‘I " \\ '-’. w " ‘-"" ' " “ heavy (ind $1C-"a1. C}. LIHfi k33;1}&.2}.‘lihdil L111." 41,21 4 LII“; .-’ ’367J I.. :’;_I,1I(..'I' 1‘qu “ '\"-"I " " J‘ ‘I "I ~' 3" "‘1 Q" r I . . I‘ ‘4 . ("I ‘. ” '. ‘8" led Lo L2y3uh low IaLIn mg aroup 11 WAS a Igu~1HIgl CGuUlt In '5?‘ fl "‘7" I‘T" ‘-r'~":I"~./I‘I “i" 'f’ r‘ ”11‘ ('1 1' 3’1“" '- ""3"" F' '\T\';'~"‘I'§' ‘ I? }f ' 0.40 Lu 1 I. \I 4.4 IJL. .- .L _- IJI. u U. III la.) ‘1 x. .J L' H x .2 ti Int: 3.0.1- c-“ IJE u J3. d. In --\.~ ’5" f,‘ - ~ A v T“ ‘7" -. .- - v ' -' .‘ - - — .2 -, 3-K r‘ "- -' - ~ -'-~ :- EIxIL (SLIM. u.--u1.1}) 4.1L wrifI c". I‘I‘l 1‘ f I" .L V'( 1'73]. 4.1.17: L-I’L'cf SUDdCfiU If) g r‘ J-\\ I . . f -L o H‘ '. x ‘ ,G t“ a .‘1- - a v I , . - ‘ - I, ¢‘ ~ —I . \ .- -‘ : a r — r,— I EuL‘J {'1‘ i»: 3-. ’ I .\ L‘\‘ l! J (J l-' (—4 '1 ’ T’J LL" L’ “:1)\/' -l'~: :sr‘$ ‘.‘\/’J':‘ I.L l I u.. ‘1‘x‘tl {JVL J- '\‘11 L' ”5}” j" 1"» f x ’L 4" ~ ’ir‘)’ h ‘ " - J— I - O -’ W -‘ 501.17 I k} «4. L' b1 (7 t“ _ I) l. \-‘I L f 1-1]. u I} (3 x“‘ 3 ‘I 11.0 U?‘ V l “21,? .._. (3.:10 . a ' _ _ . . ‘ ‘1 w ' I ' “ fw. .-‘7 3 1 ”j; g“ '.I V; '.'..>" (I If: I - ."v I“, L —, QGLLli-u’n-d (1141.0. Erik/V £A\‘1I..‘.LIkU. ‘4' aV&11303v and liw CTpQCTfifiCJPS)o Thc authors concluded that the loss of Visual cues film be 1038 of verbal cues had an effect 91mllar to low expchmenter r‘ ' I . {'1‘\ _n‘;. r‘ “.‘I (I '3 Y’" 3 r v 3 )I‘ s . '. ' . r‘ pnwkwInI.b. ihO eIIeICO 01 Inc MOJV‘ OLIl LOJULilOH In this experxment Had an eflcct Similar To the I10nvisu”1 group 1n the ur&v_ous fiiudy. r 1- rI~ - ' ‘I~y I -5 {l- 'I‘"\ ‘ ‘4‘ " 50010 and LUuflJh (1909) Ubvd a taue 1en3t n 63: scrirnin— ation task to Inwn-st’gvte th; effects of ezjzerimentor and C') C C Li. "I C3 d- 7‘ k U i "I -,' CI , 4- 1‘ B I r‘: O L" C) H: .A ~, (d w P‘" r“ pa c. - '3 fr ; ’3 (I 5 (-1 (-N L- C“ (7‘ T‘ ’7 (+- r \ r" . .-—r p} O c< '- -‘ 'r -' I-r .. \rw ~- ~- ,3 '-‘. ’1’ \ sage BXyQfitflquCpo In a SCCCHu p32”: of Lhe Ir £3 per: ment. ,3 a. "C‘ " —‘- . .5 r' :1 ~t" A - (w‘u‘w -' :- fiJ-(v -: ~"‘-;'I~ “9:! cy‘ '\ MCI; .3 C-LVlu.kJ‘ .J. IADLI‘ ...-L'.' J 'I-a v.3 -!.LIt_-\J' 0 01V)...’ Nth" .. - -‘ '— ' ‘ .1 -' ‘ x . ‘ ' -‘-‘ o ~ , _ _ .f - . .. vernal gnu MOHfluflldio AJLLQP cuvs w:re iuUnd to be suffI— ciant Lo produce a bias. ROSCHLHKL (13”0) reviewed the , .1.‘ —- I .W... - '...—I A 4:.“ ‘ H. above fInflIngs unJ sufier led Ih&u, albnougn I>o n cues were . 5 .41 9 O f. - ‘__ 2 ‘ _-‘ ,_ ' 0 ~'.- .33 '3 ‘ F-v. - ‘ .. CUfIlClvflL to grouuce an experlnunLeI eIIJCL, WJCH one of 4-4. . 4.! ._ c. LI L191}. LIL-”)0 e-r .3 ID «14 k (I) 0‘ Ci‘ “3* I; 4- J: C'} .4 'J (J ‘ a (C J .\ ,— . ,-- ' .~.‘ - 1 . ~\ C‘:..— »3 8.‘\r(ll].f_ O] G {JO 1.11111. ‘~ r a_ _-o O I _, t .. L “II-. w II . .p ,.ufl L hm . I “x ‘4‘: l \ fl 7—5 5-- _ A r~ ~~- .— H ‘ .-., ‘ '4 :— "WM“ -. 1I' ~u'\ “ In K “ (1" 3* I .""'. ."n‘r- ’I-‘Inp‘ h“~‘ I LI»? '1! LAl \.L\a ‘L‘l L\.4‘J ‘3‘. } L '1 ., E L 3 ’ . LK .— i'. - 3 J \‘-(J )s- L") 1' ' ,— (\ V _ r f. ‘__’ 5""; f L ‘f' _) "p ,. \" ~,~-.\.I- :‘ (".I "I‘ 1 (3 -1 s- 1‘ 1‘ - - u .L 5" 1 1.1%.} ‘: V O... '. -1. K" .4- -1. l. ' ‘ L( (41...! i 1“" , _ ..l. “1,0 .. (‘1‘. .I, K ' = .1. L t- \j S .1. I l in "- C. ’L ) 3 v \ 3' ‘ " . ‘flr'\ ( ’ ‘ ’ \, ‘ f' v‘ "‘ D“ I ‘\ J ' " , ‘1' . -' ‘ I. '. "I" V C" | ’ 1" . "‘“I “L“ .II; J. :J_‘ J.'.\—' i) '5 ‘I L LO "1 LII'7.—,j'~.' J I,.. CLJJK-Uu 11.1 (‘V ‘”"'r"" 07'“ IL“ ‘Ih-fi‘“ 1”"er In” 'E'lIm "31"". F“ r‘" "*1 ’3 (’VY‘I‘T‘l.‘ :’ k 4' ' I K.' .4. L' 1 \’- k a I. I l k l - . L A J y- Li I r J L \ J. Ll L1 J L t 4"- L n l‘ ( 4" fi\‘ - .1 (- ~ r' I‘. ‘ an '- » ~-\ In. *- I\“"f- '1. ‘\.\'t r1 ' ' In” -\-\-J u. I(' v: ‘2 IL'L I; .J J I ‘JJ:K I_\1..Ju|\' Ln); “‘ IIJ" II ,II’J-;.‘. Lug I) II. .2, ‘r u ’ ~ _ ‘ 1 0 ~ I-“ .\ ’3' .‘ ( 1. , I“ J‘)‘ {.5 W 1 r. , ,.. .\ ,1 1 ‘7 1(‘ / ‘)) 411VKJthJ. ' U‘.’~ 1'L U A" KI '( I ") 0 —.IV‘\ I ( \C’C-‘.-ll\v"~1- .-lk/I . C I .v . ‘ S | 4-" 'T -"- 1‘“ .3. " ~ ‘ ~.' v, ;.‘.r "M' "* - " -- r J” "I I A '- . 2 ' 1-. r-n w- r'r '~ -. '- am,- - "a .fi 0 r .l C} I- L: 2/“: u b] (-3 C" "‘1' L ‘u L. L-.! Oil-t2 OJ, th LIL .-.'?II~J_! I1 0);} L 5‘. (3.1. v U (.4 .1) (Juli 3| . . J c 1 _ A1 (1 71 _.'-\o . o - __ .. 3 .,,9I \ “F1 (11‘ 1 I} 7‘ I . ‘ '\‘ ’ (' I ‘ «'1 ‘\ ‘ I -\ .‘ J I 1 ‘ r LlilliVL‘ij\llL It “L” [1..I'_ii..l..)’., J LOL‘VoL‘zk‘,’ i), J O ’ C111. "‘ ,.. A .1 . '1'“; I .. .". I_ ,IJ,,..‘_.I. H _ , ‘.. ,‘I ' ' ‘.. H. , .-.3., _‘3.. ‘ (ImaceuLnIJ.g lyILfl .IeIL thzb CHILIIILIly LquuIJJWUBLtNl " I‘ f ‘fi " 7‘ ‘fi :‘7 ’ ‘ ‘ ' ' Roscnphml dun JILQMHLM (iyaQ) c: m1 MICIOQ an o: Lex..1ve I- - ._ . . . II J. ..c-u‘I - .2- .c- I “If. ., t L o-I'y 6'81" f‘ “may LO ‘L 3% L U10 U; i‘CC L, O; .1"31'3}L\;‘J. :I SCI f... children from a lower socioeconomic environuwnL. The underlin‘I-‘j t‘ncIIIc-z W213 that if the ‘tCflCth‘S "knew" :1 ch, 1d was bright his byhavior would be evaluaLcd maze f voraoly. The study was conducted in a 301031 thh a rCIalecly lzrvn minoriiy powalnLion of children of Scrian descent. AS 33 Cfiflly Efirf of the SLHuyr 89 inveftifiwtimn W38 n 69 of Leach r9” HLLiLuflac tvwnrd LLLSQ miqariLw childror 131mg 3 L39? similfi? L» Lh perrwumpc““3ptirn Ladle. ”hm tea,h3rs r3ted TthL“T1fih‘ of ch136r09 33 LL Lh9 "fi"w“1239~uvun" or “H33icrw~n=;u” c? Lhair appearance. L was 0110 LhHL, in genera”, H tican Lhildrcn witn hiraefi 33 V9re perceived as appe3riu; mQro "Ln9rWr n". frt Llc‘.gybihuift; of LAN) schcviL yo 1‘ I10 tcafiflurrs '161- I 13?;91 :2d. \fiwr- "11077KVGJ7C1 CPLIE"“"‘""'fi' .i w'w L C Cum. -:.:. F :1 « LL; ' LLLCL ‘2, :Lu‘. (-2 no.2,” CC2..1L.»:‘..L I]\"(L w; n . .‘ . .3 .' .r' r- . - .5. . . "'2 .1. ‘. n- . 1 7 .0 L t ,- , r\ f‘ f ‘3 P. . I *.;\f ~ " r A ,.. V 1" \ '7 (5025 LLJA: L.LanJTLf e; Lwctbs 1.LLAJLLLLHf‘ l'TuJ J ax H(( _r; o: 2 ' . , ° - - a . .. . ' - . 11 .‘ ° . a 5 ‘q' . . f. 1 . . ‘o , ‘ , _- . r _. x , g ‘ —‘ n.5, - ‘ f2“ ‘_ f‘. pLL;JLcn‘J CCICL();LcmMJ d3uJ/2H. LLHglgjyi uruLDLLJL LLLLIL, GILDFJCL, unfi Idjrx; (1961) (LCLLxh»;f ihu rCllvkdlflig'tmf518Jito“v PC Un“\7,735 “”3 CL 5L9 I J.“ L'ra LO €'\:;uiwe Lhofiw mzasmzo-33Lu. thf coxulwdc “U L Che "ri=j€fty" of the Testing sud wszfin Lu quuw 'th Lu cutahlidfifijtj iqt f(1l3“ foz'td1x3xu18 asicwpliiIMILLQ; Citr;cr laxfljxj:1 diffcragt el>t10811i11033 05.53.131.311 the Second 'tzl'u‘oeshcld or using: a 1""m 01:1 warnud ihet Clinicians may 3e biCurd by a h1s¢h CCrIclation between pure tone and sponfice thresholCr. In aggrcoment wiih inc previous study, they add that strih gent. test:nv meihofls guy reduce Lhe Another study byi Mc son 8nd C11: illin (1970) com 3.r€d s. s- ,“t' ‘1 -. rl ‘ p T'V-L) lnl‘-’ {#1100 C.) ()1 F; ‘C. L‘Z J .._. r" .3 \J'J "\ pa H C it? - '-_ ._.) 'r. b“. a r-v v "I. \\ ,.1 (J: I h ..J U2 , i. \J C‘ ,.- ‘U w‘ ..J C. 540 C} o P. y) Po H ..J . -- 4- - -'~ ~ ~. - It.“ ~ I - r - ‘- —) -. .. - ~,v -\ . "‘ ' 'x' .l‘ '. " ELolChl 1'811“ i. JEW3f_(3IM01AlOLhu M5330 ~n_114w10;¢1, \a103<: 1J1e " .v i. ‘ p- 3: 0.3" 'l". . ’ . ‘ ' 31-h . 4— ‘ 4"" r- " ‘.r ‘JIIL‘ "KC C ‘HI Liv") (101.51 L49 ‘H'Olad a: 118 h".ic‘-.-' 3 19' 217.1(1 L'3‘3.}\;131AC1“’ v - -‘» r‘ r u 1" . ‘5 ' ~ ' ' ' I" “‘ I“ 1" ,v, 5', 1‘ 4' ' ,» ' 1 ‘ l "A . v- . 'u - W 101‘ 6. L71; 1.03% b I’Lfi“\?vz‘. be we 1.01 x1 dud inc (5:31;.111 C)? maIPB ‘- ‘. 1“ ‘A a “ "g' ’u \ . ‘ . (\ I I “ - x‘r ‘1‘ "\l"» ., ’- '. ’ LPK1 rga4xu:cu as; 0011s1co (N? inc<1:rucffl. Ifiv1 15]};udcu. securing .1 1" '1 ~ “31"" " [)f 1 f ‘ 1f1 r “7 3 "m "l‘ ' r J r“. “(1n . t 1 11"; ' r~ 1' ""r' ‘3 11 1., bl L (J C. A _..‘ . L] x L r L‘ 1.1 \‘- \ ’\ I) ‘1‘; '-’ ‘J J_\ (4 '. 5" {‘V\.' Mr J- ( (—3."\4I’1‘-b-) 01-1 L'll'.’ - ~ 7' r- s-. . t ‘ 3'. -~ ~l . s, ~p - ,\ l" -'- .3 u- .r‘ . . 'n, ' A GAdMlHCT a pQLCCpL10m and nutauiou 01 11; subggcm S r65pou33 . '1 , . :1 m n ,.. I. _' I-‘ _- _' .7 5 100 MULTQ Le a m011 OEJLCLLVG meLnou as o ‘ o - , 1 ~ H )‘A ‘ - r 4. 9 ~ .1 .1 n a ‘ -‘ o 1» 13131.9- Lu“ HW“,wn a LrVo-u1w 01 hid own pbwcentlon ' -L‘ ’ .L 3 . r . -Ll ' -‘ ‘n ' ‘ ‘L r . "‘ ‘L ‘ , ' . ' \ of pa» Sb41U115 '%0 'uvzgru 1:1t t“t£0 blunt me an lfiCTBRSVd ‘ _ O ‘ O - I ‘ .C' ‘ . c -’ .6 . ‘ P‘ r- . ‘ o ‘ -L: pOSS1LJLlLv 01 ‘CflTiuT ban 1n tun LLlLKqCL, 0v sub3c0b1ve - \_ 1 o - - f o o \ r' " 1' . ~ r ’ 1‘ ) \ ' ‘I’ ' 1 ~ um" ~ ,- ‘ (1 v- 1 ~ C ~~~~~ I .K)‘r C3j1_- (I ‘31 ix 1' \‘IWLJ “ 1‘ J" w’ ' u§L (1" -'L" \'I i 1‘ \'. A all—ti . J.(:\r: " o n -_ - _ 1‘ _ _ - _ , _ "- ~ _ 1 - .o.1 1 (5‘ u n . f1 ‘7‘ ‘ \ ' ( i ‘ 'Ir‘v ' . ‘ ‘ ~ -( ' " \ u II g '1 ": ‘ "‘ Wuhl-J-L'J- -1zv u“ v-m.’ 21 mak J.\rk) JVJ- KIA“ Li'v k4\/ '4...L1- 1.1L L1 kbx. .) \usm f ‘ ‘ ff}. ‘1‘ \f -"1 .X.‘.... (s I an v" V'jfifi 'v-: f x-‘ ‘\ -‘\ ,: (~|VF;}.- . " z-u'.’\;v I h a a " ’i‘ -. I ' . ’t 01111211 ("VJ .LUT LL“: 491571" L.1.::;;'J‘ru. {_-.z".l;l:l1l"~L up n (..U.".1.L «1.0le l ,.r‘ ' -L‘ .g. , .... .' .. . . .. .. .'- . :v - V . . . ,5 J- \gfjfi «3131'; - -,"..-/‘\ "8 - ('1 ' ..o 1" _I \.1- 'V-‘l I" \’ ‘3 ’70 '\V“] . '2”.-. .J i. '.' k'. ALI. v) “'2', LI Tll'w'J. '~ . L {1 . 10.4. 3. J'u 'u \ UL L; ._J n x. J- "3 |.-‘( . ‘.)I ‘~ I.) ‘7‘ 1-" CW (:C b 9 F {J‘ -" ~ ‘ * I. '. ,"v ‘ ‘ I ' r- s». f . . ‘A. -"' fl , ~ 5 ~~_‘. J -5 1" r I A Squ] cg n131u1nd 4+3 thbegmhuu (1809 , hnqtlow'a Q; (.0 - .‘ .. ' A . .' , ,_ '~ . - .' . ' 1 m , Pr91’LO'J-51T’v 3-79-“352flf'c‘firm to 11.121? b .312; as U. 1.8 I‘crlth . .L .. v, ,..., .._ ‘ ~-~\. .v.' . 1.. ,._~ 31 ‘ ‘ . 'r‘ ..1 pure Lone find checn LLCkOleH thL eb101 A and Sp;CLn : ‘ . -‘ .1” a: , 1-1.1,‘ . Li , 1,: .. .‘. .3 . GLSCPMC1hdLle QCuLcu. An eii w1t v1: n1ue Lo 1nuuco 3 ~ - 4. 1'... - ' ‘ .11, _ -‘- ..,.1,., tanner 01am uy {lVlfl . LHC eflamlnnsa on; of fear ,ypus of (u preuinformntion. The pr= inlflflnuthJ ccnzisted ofa udio; rams ccrrhninifu: the LfiNJjgciAa’ 30.nx‘1 iJIM'“ ioch-_., hJA; barteafiunlds ‘1‘ increaséd 10 dB, his terSHOldS decrcasod 10 ea, or no thresholc. infomzrujon. Em: anhlmrs: found no difference relate: to type of pro-inf0733tion. 17 l .1. .fiCI-l be]: 3 7 . t l or . i a, - .4. Q) I" .‘ ' =rrt<:r‘ ( I a. . ‘~| i I . -b.o¢ {.J \r- r up 5‘ p \.’ r 'r J‘ Lil 3. Y A C ..‘J " (,3 C“ 7‘ L.) p '1') AK] w I A “L Ix. .-A \l “m (2,110 | d» .0, .r.‘ fGllO I S -icnt J t a C of firefis 'th 0 [I Cl TGHCO '3 J; “.-_“ ,.‘ )H i ‘ .2 .1. LL; -t i t J cor m3* ,-. '4“ -. -. \ . (LL L. J. R) l": :1) CBVJ q in ,‘1‘ 16; .s- a .nuumgu ole aIL'L U 1. “L “-C.-'.L."‘."'-'- \ 1' “1&1. (I, Ui : “1.11 .1 - Uubwllé "‘f k r‘. (.4. J - I 1 .h‘) o 3 n - ‘a (\ L) ' I - "id—1“” .L IJ U L -M O I” .a. I-\ "I 'v C‘ /\ L“. ‘- ,19 1 IT'K I: '~ Fl (4.. L.'{- .J 1._ ’ L1,}, 3.1 - l'J {.1 l t.’ 5“.“ .L. x (:1 " 1,1. 6.1 _ ..‘r f‘.f’\| .1... k)\/- Cf (L 1:371; i ‘4 .1. "‘5 I" fezK-fl . - '1 4H ’7 (9. t a t .— 01181 13 l‘ b}. of l. L T, ‘G p; CI :1 W. O l O 1“ ~ I A. .1, ._ L. .. gr :L’ \. $0111. '6 \ l” - C. O PCSSl J. round I k '( 'J_ 3118 l . -. ' . '3 -' 1’ a ‘ .l ‘|-l‘.--} ll (\3 xi J- .‘E CCC 8 usually a. i folvnal; .- l in lip. 8.1711 I‘- 'cry V J. 2. pnczu‘ 'he Client. n .1: ti. iv: 0‘! (0!.le Alt. lSES “tion “,4! 1 III . J. [I \3 I“! 1H1 round \lrr‘r -;) v‘JL ac "culturally "4- N C 9 < 'I. L‘ J 4 s ‘-.- f“. ?t pr "Clo , (3. S- (' solely of, a label such L Lin C‘ C "br -Gd", 33 al: p "Cerebral "mentally retarded”, 4- bc 0 \ E: n f“. 1 " J.(t ' ..J. ‘3 an? J. 18 udVUrHl stu‘ies in l"eNU'~o 33th0107y have reflected hips and selfufulfillin- ‘r3 ‘0' 'fi . - ‘ 'r ‘ '3 O ‘ I‘ A." .J‘ \ '. - exam. lmenier blag , dommd emu 30 L-tslf‘lf; -' ~ . ~ " " I" r ‘1” fl ' ‘ ‘1 u. 1 ’ ". . V' proph021;3 bub have no» alhzgsu referred to tnem as such. P‘I ‘Alu , o'm ~14 1‘ 1‘ r, ‘ ~'~ - . r\ ' l‘, . - . . '. . .I -, .3 -- l he 1710 b L- PGCCD L; Of wit: m3 5., blitz .1. t." #3 «4374?: COHC Cl. llt. LL ‘.;.1. ~- r ' ". in R 1'. " '1’, P "7‘ j ‘ : a “ . . u ‘ . A 4 . ‘4' 5?. “.t area of Cut Clbd ‘sql"cio calla and h13 mlnorl y language. 7 r“ x T'“: I g F A ”"r.f J.‘.‘ 7 ‘--~ .. s. . , - -_-' . ‘7 . P - I - 1‘: ‘ ' .thS Liz-Ln . l‘chx‘iQ LIN} f)l-“i‘-’C.!.3.l COHCCIJ Of Cristi-‘0‘“ FLitJOiOéLS .3 1 . “ r l 3" - ~, -. J' - — (_‘ f. r . .7“ .- c,“ - . w r‘ 5v- » 1 ' 1-1 - ‘54 . \vnenl 13:3 Thi;d)£‘-b;’ .L -M _1L33333 \ueu_e .LdAJdlmLGCi "ILOTLS lefl(ulrk I="Fo‘l. ("1“ '.~' ’1 ""."t"‘ ‘\r (“(7 -. "-Hu (3"? :4", t b ‘ ‘ "1".) ' A ' ""1 ”‘TJLH‘: lLJIL P .LIjL)L‘.'\. .L‘33 ”J\1.~ I;O:1L) in L41- 'fl .. .L LIU‘, O €C/(JL-nkz 00.1verzlk: Ls ,. ." .. -,. .-? f. “ ' ,. ,.N. H .-\. . ‘n ' . - H ., ‘ '5‘ 'llhg L333: CnJlosca approurlaie rm211mo S Oi (V, ,. M , .' ,3 ,.. r‘. ,, 3..” ' 1, (.,.‘V. ,\ r "I r. ,9 -.~’ \ _ ‘ ,.-,. .31. “Y"? ‘1”. ,. v‘,‘ .5- ~ '.\ L‘li} 4".‘.4"L..'.:1'_'I O -L\-O rl'hlil {.‘v'HaIUJJ; u.) ()J. .1.J‘1(_J. Lil. 11b (.Y-g. J :1 .1. ‘I ’11. .LOI tile ..V' a.) ‘ . ' ..‘l‘ n~. ',-‘ . "' 5‘ #" F. " ".1" \ \ I‘V“ " i " . ‘,- 0 ~ ~ .. Q r" - ‘- , F 'V Guild 8 uuuSLdflnmffl «ugilbfl . One 3PQUP VlCha inc Child 3 . _ , H 1 ° 4-!. (""n‘ n .' * 1 ’ z 1- - ° . - . ’ J - 33:93 (in 3.»; (16317.15 . .' he (‘1; .. C: 3.33 HOP,“ a ‘;. IL'KJlIIf’; $1 1 9.81121 3 n, -2 C1 ‘\ (V‘ jyc'i‘ “.1" " ’2. T-‘a ‘ 1 "3“ “a 1- N,'\ ('3 ‘35:: ‘ a, (“10tmv ("‘. {\r, p ‘-~.11 x ‘) -. . ‘L 'o 1} 1‘, CI uLL»; L1...x1'_‘L«LL C. .Luthiitkj -‘fxxi' (Hut-.3 ‘ 0;, 5'1"; -§;',;_l{) JUL; p\.’(¢". CO=LJTilb.Lv b ‘7 . “ . ' . Q [‘1‘ A "1' t’ ‘r v " u \ x J . I " 1 .' c ‘- "‘ ’3‘“ I 23.013.131.523. 3.5:) (31.11: ‘ («OJ - +-C‘.s" 4 oil? C .,’ 1C: L 5:31;"?er 8.5 . .1 " ‘ . -' " ‘r ‘2 . l 5" ‘ 'l ~* r'\ 1 "‘ "‘ u . ' . 3131'.) 223' !_.::C51"' 11L 0 31.1.5 lc’. VD' <;.L‘ ‘3 8 (‘U1 3 .C‘. 'fku C.‘L_-"’ICI)L 1f!" C u ‘ ' , A . 1 ‘ u- . - n ‘wfl , ,- “ " '- —‘ r I. a ‘ - '. arhj (lotgglc b9 1rL.;2l 11, 15; ee,,): 0(: To» t133 S\,«HLWZL\ lgp 3'lLJ1 ‘ . -< t.’ ‘0' . . l 1‘.‘ 1" 0- ‘ 1 Wu; 1 13 revelly ULCU b0 snlLdsrolzz L83 8. (glaaley amu Wiljjxnns (1970) ikflgt‘mqose (d’:muhnm1taged) (filildren are handicapped b‘ stereotypes arising frcm the lion guer' s ‘ J. VfilUullOfiS of tne Situation. The stereotyfe Hypothesis refe S to the 113tener' S evaluati on3l ru>aotions to soeeeh, and yewovelee” versions of his reactions to the u; CPS of tnat SpfiCCh. The speech the listCHer he: rs bang S to nzind stereroty peg about tie speal er' age, per: o:xelity, socio- economic staius, education level, and be‘n 3vior. These stereotYpes can further be luterw (ted as “solfmfulfilllnx prophecies". In a speaker-listener Atnation the listener 19 expects a particular pattern of see: ch or language to be _‘ use? tgr'mie cc*eIku:: any l“V"l”‘ EIJLicins wfldrfi1 e0 not .'.1-- '..-, ,n '- ..1 °-.'. . -1ecr are either lufloruu by the libteier or I“ \_> ) are consi iered incorrect. In acdit bion, the "diseévehteecfi” eh d is 96+hsitive to P. I...’ the selfufulfillih? prophecies of the listener and reacts differentlr b0 them (‘5 illM 3.3, 1970; Labov’ 1969; Labov and Robt3ihs, 19c0; chewiole, 1971). The child reacts to the "den-‘Ml ciaractcristics“ 01 the Situatieh. On the basis ._ ..3 , 4.1,. A- .-‘ ' ,...-, JBflLflCC, the eiild ycicr1”95 the listener _- .4- 1" _V_‘\ I...,..1‘ v. .1 .. '4) .Jk ’34.}, -‘ (2‘ s g_ _ attiLuoes Lcmeic, cue CA3M I Quiche Icr, him, trigs to . '1' fl" '3, e -. - "l x ‘1 . "l“ I -L 0.. ". i. < 4‘ a ~;~.‘ I .L‘ a z ,1 I . .‘ ‘ g ‘ inteigixs* the :J_Ahicl0u 1J1 uClmS CU.‘tn€cfll”LLlLU12fl3,§3MQ 1 . ,I :1 f. I ,. . rm 1- ' I: . . Jm. .4- , , ,. ,3 rxcykhce d000?“3131j0 lhe Cullu has been a res 1ic ted ahu 1- ' :“,.*'1, .L 1.: ,, 1 .°‘ ,3 :.+.\.. - ‘A CLLk‘ VJ. ‘.\‘ ‘ CO V ELVCI£-JVD§—V UU ILA” CIALL 111.1.) 1‘, C'I CoLUl‘C‘. CCL‘K/ knowleece of beth stun( p: .rceixe lmc. he is being treated under different sitzetions and can choose behawier union most fits his purywso :: (Lar mner .:_ 1967). Demand el137r CLOTl"Llcu, as illustreted in expe rizr en tel situati our show the em. ject as trying to do the best he can to fulfill the expectations of the exqeri menter. The child may 3.30 try to do his best to fulI ill his role in each speakernlistener situation. Lany oI these situations are perceived by the Child as reflecting low teacher expectancies. "Ihe child feels the 11,tenc or teacher, 20 know3 the child has failed before and he Jill undoubtly ;—lo fail age .91 (Lntwisle. 1970). The teacher expected to hcar poor lam wage are when he did hear "nonst5ndar6 lnfllifin his 81 epieione were CO{liI med. Lahov (19TO) emphasized the m1ortanee of inte “viewers being from the same cul'ural settwr’ as the children being interviewrd in s;udies dealing with minorfty cultures. .— -. . .‘l ' 1. , V‘I.’\ ,,.. .3. 3 ‘. . 4.x ._ --_. 3 e9eley eni Dishie (i9(o) (idxrr red the ieea bHaL a Jlaek ChllC with a bleefii teacher mew reeront \ n r. n ' '3 J-‘ . w- .1.“ n? . .'r a. ' a‘ A- - ‘3‘ -\~ ~ ‘ . C831110alJQf oe, the Jtheiahiehei Inuet 1x3 dUlIB to ccmhzen IKJ m xv- ‘5‘ (L C- L 5 ‘ O ‘ ' ‘ ' x '1 ‘~ - I" ‘.. 1 Hf, . ‘ . y: - 7 ‘ .: : “ -\-‘ ~ “ ON 100 Culgfl fl luiti add 09 lam 1-151 hitn fliS plOpleb o '3 Tr. «q -' «mar “L " ' -‘- '99.er \ an"; r V r.‘ (x f 0:. 4‘ 1'2 {“3 "x r? I 'f" “TILL; .9;Olb .LJF;‘i\)+. ILLI-j :y 9 I’ll-3 id‘CJN ILJ.‘ {)4 Q11“: ‘1 L1... K'1x%\t,-(za no _, ‘ O A v_ A. 2 ‘ , , _. .L .. .. .' .'_.‘ ‘ : ,- 6 ,‘~ '- -- A" . \\ P "‘ tfiu JJ.ee vgxx.Fv e:: ,9tiizh LC U13 01.1 L s Ixiceli VISA fo tn: Ah09her area 01 stqu in r ;10M has ecneehnei ' r 'w~ 'm \ ' '~ -. V. ”"1“" r‘ (‘1' " A her .1: o "w‘. andfimGth of Sbhilellnb “id toe op 'fdulufl of peeeiole listeh~ I! or bias. Eneriek (19 L0) Stated that Stutterih- ...re~ presents a kL d of T,m1L_OQHHLU twtnaxi eoeeker and listener rather than a constant condi'j,n of efther ..." (p. 181). 53) add that stuttering is Williams, Week, and Ninifie (1 \L, identiiie ly w}1et the listener hear” and sees the stutterer do. The diagnosoqenie theory of etotterin< is breed on the concept tM1 t the child is not stuttering until he is diagnosed '8 doing so (Johnson, 1959). Emerick (1960) felt that speech pat hologists, be auee Ol trieii training, H - n -\. an fi-fl . "F-r ‘~ ~ ..f‘l“.\’ uqur‘ r l‘. . . ' t ‘ .e mete seVeLe Judgments >f QHHOHMdl Speech' but would also he more tolerant toward these a.bn crmal behaviors. ““ - ' “L ‘ '5 f r‘ ."c 5 ‘ -" r . - ‘(5 ~' I ‘1 J‘ . -‘ ' ~ -- . 9‘ I”. - SLULLOIC 1e and preseated th wideo~t yes LO JUuJes Wllh and without sound. They found that wit h only visual cues C) I I} L}: ,..J— r 7 PJ- '1 (.._ (.J‘ H J I .J 0 an: was not judfied as occurring as f: can'ntly as when both the eUdio 5nd euoiovisuel cues were available. ("3' C 1““ I‘ ' " I 1— : 1 ‘ \ ' 4 ‘ I ‘ P " 'V ‘ ‘- j . ' ¢ . 9 fl 1A9 viltel dfld auelo Cogs, however, reaulteo 1n VGFJSln11Ul I] 4‘ .' . .‘j .I' 3 ' O ' \ J . .- ‘ -r.- ‘ --‘ ~. -- s . r'v ‘ ‘ ' . I“ stuoix: ecelirv1 W11}. dle llnxlrpartmaeal lnfkflhfi ctirni OL ‘ O 11ts with eterded children. The children were res ilents "A .‘ ‘ “L . (1" -“ r ‘ '. :. ,"‘\“~ -‘ ‘~ "I". ' ' . J" 1 I, . ' -- J" to teicn.e; use. b0 the C}mlewfllo lne ednu.xs oiu Hob respond differ1 '- ‘ a‘ {1,0117 1‘3 l‘ 9 L‘S \‘C (-3.11 E!” U210 Eli‘s, SC‘Xp SOC U'-Cfl""h..J.C 101131 ”l... 01-‘-. n V -: y~ ‘. -’~-- 1 a. ‘ ' —,-* \ -‘D 3 'v‘ I. —. L“ ,"\ ‘ 3 u. « ’X‘ o. a ‘ O 1 the S‘uh'mi, L. H.110 thé‘ f3uxf1‘-.1711.~:TaUri (103-21,; the 93/711131 1, .10 'l o 1 IN ‘ a, ~q R _-|‘ < ‘ A - r” t J- ‘ 0 o- \ '1‘ IUUa_J11qu UeH-o lg, 11430311 )QtW‘Othalsz' 1A) C\c’llh1LC .u, arc susceptible to the ET 1.iuc0%1 ? tl(h1“ :'\ 9-3 i...) FJ ‘< OJ 3- <, H. (:J VJ. .. -. '1 s.‘ -31 h" 4.3.. 3 2‘. 1to EVIDJ\K3LLVU (Hfu cfix»vct1v62110ut.ix3g. '. \ ‘ '.' ' 1" 1'r\’~r ry~ \fl’ '1 . I “‘ I: '3. '\ I‘ '; 1 ' D. . . t SUSJELU‘Vj “Udodleb may he cciihed as CCSCFLPTlOHS of a a, . ,-. ..,.‘ y“... ' . 3 \..“ ' ‘ .H .L, ‘ opcakei . lunguour. 1hcre 18 no SptulflC icima L. ior bheop o1 J. v .. CL '7.) {Q '1 Ir.) 0 on: or their as.?:cm(11 however, they typically take the form of rating ”"111 zsually in an equal— appearing interval pa-uhi.w. An QXII mile of such s,aling procedures is the semantic diff; ronL58.l, developed by and Tannanhaun (1957). Such a scale usually #40 ‘ Osgood, Suo consists of five t; seven points oeztwcon two polar orposite Ultras (£253., good 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1.3.216). Such a method was used N kt) to investl ate the LLHUU'HO of deaf Children by Hirsh: Mlliot, and Simflons (19u8). Ratinfi PCBLCS, than, may be COWS‘dLF“' subjective measures as they defiezLi heavily on the rater's perceptionfi of the Spgager's lam "ma": and, in fa , aPB anu ‘. n .m-«‘ -r OlSVUbU:Q.L&F 0 1n Carm'n' 4“) . L’ULI- U} \ . (V L rs 1* «r x A. Ox: L’i ", . ..)7U.L/A—1 ! ‘ 7-.) Y.- .~ 7‘. (uxlln) ’ NHL/H.111 3(w20113 ‘Lo 'LhEe \-J H. "3 !CT‘“tO L 4‘ -‘ ‘,'s -. bUCtm uulu L f' ‘3, _‘ ‘3 t 01 Lnu iLL L0 ' N‘ '\ r hLv/x -‘l J,» ' "“1"! I." V1.31.“ J Mud“ Liz". v.10 J. J. L“. . J. t ‘ 1 s A- . 1 -. . .t 1 r'L.;Lu::‘ (uf L?Q‘?U C;C?L -.LL‘L 1 It V83 ficve] . ‘1‘ w 'I -01.";(1 L“,' .L L abiliLlLu (Johnsan, h 3103 Shrir”; (195?), using a mu 'tha‘l; “CM. L13? CCT‘I‘L‘;.=_LJ.'LCJ.(1 .57 of 1an¢uage nrvaCJLLLnta be the be dLCRLOF -‘ . f: C 3.1” L l (mlwpercopblorfi‘ 01:) r3117 x.‘ J. |4 - “«\.‘ -Vr ‘. A uld,1x; thCflfl‘LQLISUJLHU uLlch arm: LiCh roeult v. . , , ,- ,. 3-, CELSAJ:?C?, 1;“1“‘1'1" c1 ILLMZLJL‘JL.18” '1 _‘ T' . L- ,p In ‘ ,_ _‘ / LLCLJLL< ELL.C'LL LCLLZ rL 0L LLc:}an~c . - L L n. . r’ ‘ 1". . A {’1 \JE' L [\t, z \ 'idol’) ‘kl L.) (2‘. 21"l\) ’ a:‘1kl 1 m r, ‘ . . , . J- Lu L [‘1’ w .1311 11’) 8.” “V .v t 531‘. 0.1. 31‘} .. .’ .r“ " .r {- .l. is ‘. -. .1 I} ‘ C‘ rlf‘ ~r“\.' ( [\f“ if). .1 -‘ ' :1 x}. Lulk’ Czl!i...(L ~; 1’. '\' .It.’ -‘AL. \_. C ‘r '1“ MW) . ‘ J. 3 L‘ .r ( " 1’ “(\r‘ ‘1') ..‘v - I, .J\ ( L L &I C. ' ' ‘ L f‘ I L) )3 - " ' IL. I , - f.‘ — .- . » rctsz'JL: Ludwr,Lusv' 0L lasfxii e — '3 (1'...-.' .’ .-. -." r- ‘LC’ZJ gzm:u uiLylFtfilLt“LL1, iijL). “4°..." -. . U. v 'L L' . .0 -. 2 LL1,LC yo re'u o“ a a yuls, LODHQ {4‘ ‘~‘§"‘l‘. ‘C“'("‘ ”7 ’ '0’?“ ‘”-""7O 1"] u” ~-«‘ ‘u .L. UL; }ka."¥ JILL) ... \I - .1 -.J. \_'J\_'( ..g'L/ \ Cc. ‘1' ~. C) T h‘ - 1 3,3,-) I. ,.1. A I-‘v 1-» .1 ~ } JL‘ \JOLLL' 1“}. 'L CO. LILIC'.'1 L-Jlk LIL-”1 SC-L'LLLGLL a . f' o, . , . -'~ r .- ‘ _r‘ 4" '. "' -. ~ * n x r r-s I'LL A q I ~-» I 0 r "— (7., ‘3 5, (1110. \.’L.. .L TLOIL CHI CL) (:PL biv‘c 123K {LL1L b a) tail Uzi/'3 U. like 1-._,)I'JL o (N . '1‘ (‘ u rx‘ ‘ r', (‘0 I‘, - ‘ (‘0 ‘. .f‘L '1 ‘ "I f ' ‘x ‘f. F.’ ‘. :1 ‘ ‘ ( ' I". ' . vw ‘ ‘7‘ 1r) ‘ I)“ I‘\ '.‘ 3 J k) Jn lell'.'(4 C] can} Cull J-]1\¢ .lCC-i. k()1. O 1211‘ (IL_L v:'L 00:31-6: LL'szLLQ' be 1"~(3‘~.’G‘1” d (4.73.6. bC-F'C‘FEG a S'mrcte of cxy2rlmefitcr'tjss, ;1:ii;:j 62.43 i;::}f:““1f; (BELL: (3:11.;vtq TLSET Cai‘ <:;:fm:3“ig.-::LL Cr: L;j:v:: EJLCL ;:L_ _sr‘i LiLL‘L;2? effect LHVL 3<;n illszrchd in inc phynLcal and bchLVJorsl scioncaq (PoacnthL 1935; Roscnthtl, 1970: KcnnedL, 1946; ROSGHLNJl and F053, 1957; SLIVLLuL“, 19o8- R0; LthaL et. a1., lgflmn; Acr"fiihal Llui Jacotnan 19“3; zmfl‘ua, Lgbg) zu10, more spncifically, 1n ”pooch pathodcjy and auuiolcqy (High, Glorig, and Nixon, ljoL; Chaiklin and Veniry, 196a; helfon anfi Chaihlin, L970; Hipgkiwu and Rjntelmann. 1969; Jilliams 1970; 331? L3, 19“W; Lahov, 1969; Lubov and Mobtina. 1960; Ifllnl 1970 1963. f Entwisle, 18, 19()3 Shriner, H \O C\ / 19059 ' / Johnson, 1969 “) D 1 LL 0 wev C.- I‘ , AMOTLCfl, 1959: Cowen et. 4- LI 0 Williams, Hark, and /,. ., m ‘ A L . r. 0/; 1'.L’).C>1L-Ty arm chhle, / 907; $10 a] 1962, chore has been a r) of 'V-xr I '- »’., pauc 3. ,. 1- ;t. (3(15 1 di ‘-I \ ‘L‘r L.) J d?en 1 not; I“ e) 'f .7 b e 3 3’1 {S‘L'L’ (J l" S I t a, , ) ‘,"‘r1‘)1".) ’1‘ (L .l-‘\ \'§ ‘ ‘ '5 1.. 1 - . .' . .|. _ c -, ~ ( ' .' _l, ;_) V s." (Q , J r~ var-n? - L;L}_(; ”LNI ‘f\ I . i A. 1)! 3 A 01‘ xx: K0 1~‘l\':’. .‘—.Q v’ kw...“ \I'LCZ. ‘4.].(Jtl o ‘. V‘ P: (; 'v\{‘ ‘ _~£k.$_tn\- 01'; 'L' ' ‘64 I .l) .3 I 1 L. N T. 0 .C‘ P- _ l..L 1'.) d '2 3.07,], '7 § 31".: \ .n ..,. !_l C)(’_ \J O \ ‘ U. ' ‘ OC: 1 y "t; o 1.- .F’ L...’ li- '5 (x. \. . 3. m' I i CHIEF]- Vim/5T a: r .12.“. L.) v".l )4 Z) 4¢lk II '«r. vu‘."~'~":h "r: }J’L(J‘.J’J.J}.n‘| .11.!th ..J rr“ \ I; ‘. q '3 I ‘ r ' t‘fi - w ' Q ' 5' J" " - 'r Z ' ’ r '.. .fi " 1 Jliib 1‘thdr ‘3' COII.J}'L)L9( UJ- Jbif- finchlbs or big 1‘ 'C ll'ughl‘flf) o ‘v ('5 f._l ‘ / _~ }-‘\r .F‘ WI ..J ’ ,),' ‘_ ‘\ \N ‘ .. . _, .I‘, ,‘13 ““n , ‘ \ . "a -. ’2‘, ..‘1 ‘7 CL C. 0 ..K:.* ’{Cs u u, .LL1.L“, k......i);;J l'lk.‘uu‘ .L . who \M Le 1L.;1L1L?1..--J assinmod Lo own 01 fJor Cowd‘tionw of prwwwaoznaticn. leclLLndeit L Lxm a a cr'wrtwrlslfiyflgi oonlfiiz iicyxc f txo Clnsrv_g of rnJanlmuuhit; (unjustianzind Lhfl;f¢t"”\w:a The OTJj’rV'iVT‘ fiLLLmauL‘o \vc:\} Cqufficica d (:' ifi FCC? fow"s f mourmww;Lerzdtfl +h: :11 j Siivc hf“ldfh)klf ion? iovwve The otdcv of :chux*Ftinn and cl 5: of mcfiuuvcmcnt of the inn LVV'Gich \XWN LLUM LW‘”'la:rr;3;Qccorfifiéu: to ccmujiiicnw each Canfi"iw Llu;iu: I fiW‘ELUQL(G.lfl’(Y7J cf filmy” tyicftcnf p?d*iflfknfimlti0fl iniwwxle to biuw fihc “fiqfi‘riownicr. 91%.,L¢v~2 .. 4.1;. . ,... _-. The speahorv wcrc two white talc first gfadc childrcn from an olcmoniary school in LaLainq, Michigan. At the time the tmpe rcgor’inms were mafia, the age of Speaker #1 was six ”caramion ninth? and of upCPV¢r #2 was savon yew 8- zero months. The children were of normal intelligence according to achool records and teacher's reports. According to the public school speech pathologist, their Speech was not charaotcfiizod by any significcnt mioarticu~ {Q C‘~ r. C}. ‘l" q "' " '1‘ -\ (N . J‘. r‘ ‘ 1 k ~ - I ~‘\‘ - . y-r Lho ontLurLo 111 me ChiLT‘Ci) 321's. app-:1. L..eL.t.J-L.LL ’1‘ cat can, .9} ‘- I‘ "‘ H. {1'5 . r: ‘ l ' “‘ '-c ‘1‘ - .‘l r‘- (belléu, 19L4). thee werv reCOLe Li on a ‘Ll .- a L_. O L; 3 7‘ J ged to tell r " 1" M‘J 2m" ,.-a orb e2 1 of 3.. wagonic Model r "f" ‘A ‘1‘ l‘ 1“ Q "I A ' ’1. ‘ .‘l M." ' . " ' ‘. . ‘ ' ‘ Q/OL 1&2? doc”. Tuufic recoranfb here obiainen by a H F” PL "-"~ - W . < "- I 3 -~ I : r ‘I 'I' ~‘ - "'1'.“ -o ~ f01'rl-1C L. 0 \ech }1L:!13.L051f. U , \"110 W Ilu‘3..L\' C ('15-) LO inf: pLu. 140 be ill fV L) uurucciun were to ohtu .111 El ten " ‘ z 1r."\(~‘v 'nr rs (. 7.‘ '10 "-‘v '1 ”Huh . 1- fl“ 1* ‘:-"‘("fl nllnh LC .5- ~;_JL1- L- ,‘3 . '--;'11.’-L- a, T .7, 1" Cub -‘ H} \J- 1.1.-) CI‘ 0 at." T60 0 EU. LIL; J :3 A'D ..Wq 1 . n‘ G Van n.” ‘ O '41, ~ ',-1 sf '1’} "\ (“.- ~ '- "3.)” " "A f‘. r r] 't‘r\ (NY /‘ ' . \Q‘e-re t'LK’.I-';G 1-1)]. gi~ ("‘_."i1 ‘13- ‘11. ().1.'-L\ 1‘4 \_l IK:K.~..\‘\I)1 (41.1k 11.", t;\J~ I: ‘.L'( 11. ._.4.\ _..' \J“ ,3 ......L p'anlLJuLeL pzcx.nLL. (‘1‘4‘ oflv- - ‘n‘ _-~‘ ' ' ‘ \f §~ {urn t-u o -.'_/., -—c‘\ Q - ' 1‘ I. ‘ :‘ .- he EQJPRwCltf rBCK'MHX -.;\L Lo emuglaaieml uy Lcnz‘ ihw 1 _ " 1‘ . ..k‘ . y 9 '1 '4 I - J ‘ t , ~ . - ~. .l-‘.— as. I ..- OOP~XL”‘lu gLag; (LXH3L0rul.s U(‘IHM. lfl cwvaeox 1X1an (in; em L" l ' .-_. (N I, x 1 -.- : -.,.. ‘ a..- K _... .. ..1 V .°- 2‘)...” , .. 1 ththgfl ,pLxLe dnivoLLJ u ) cc~3Ln*ng ha'tee )DJBCLqu FJML \ ., J. . - v .- - l' <‘vw-' \'\ "3.. o .- . " o . - J- . . , ‘ I. u ‘ J." '. {SLAM- }"—. C VJ \- '~...‘ mfg-..waL‘zfi r 1.3L.J.]. Nd Chll‘x' ' (‘5) M' I I j" 1" til-Li“ S 'VUC'L ' O I Thesr CVfllUQCicni MOT? o7;£ to col “’i"1m a h=ci" zf cofiPariw .0, .2 .. ..— .I..‘ L. . ,3... .'\ . "h ._- H. 3.. H J. .__ -_, {'1‘ _‘ SOZ’I 'QJ.‘ C -’ LL-w‘. 1.1.011?) L_:L)L1.ir1:u ‘33} L110 e}Li,‘€-L"JL.':.L,.L1Lem;. JH‘L: ‘ ‘ ' ‘4 ’I‘ ' - q. “‘ at ' '1’ v‘ “r ‘.‘.‘ \ .- .u- ' ‘. ranfiltu (LL tth . lngeflw' fiv”llwiLJLw.«zwro LL“ an JJW.AP}XWUL3X A \tflsfi3' : ‘ "‘r "h’ ‘..._ v.13 f."1k-lr... "'13-‘85 ... .~'.~a~ ---- 1-1» -_gI-.~--- _| rfi‘. . m .._ .‘ . .. .. . ... ,, .1 .(i‘ .f‘J , --1- 5- ”.0 ‘ LII’L. Chg-Erliri‘c L1 L81 '3. \. 5‘1‘8 .fOL «.37 9 11. Ch 3/ (41.31" 12.213 V(} ' S d "V“ 0 N '“w "mo-“o ' Q'm- .m 7194-7" CL "" f “m". ' V "b r u JVCI.’m G<:)1 :V t.) L'sAt’LCJJL bi? ill u}. »’ €r\rl'l 1-‘-J' kHLLC- U3“)ng .5. vi” C‘- nL 5v 1. . -"\ r — I > ' \‘ ,-.-. , «n Y'.‘ r .. Sity, MAO s>3¢ea ad the LngHWNe evaluhtcLe Lheir attendance aL another that they were Liive . ‘ r. p'i lrlch/Gx( u.) \IC’ ‘- I L) purpose All of clinical film: (nipan iHCV‘t'W“° Twig Fhid {it 'lcef-L IA 0 to rice *One experimenter was a Mrstcr's degree student from MichiLan StLte Inive of the study. \ (‘1 $115,, who was naive ae to the p 2rpo ose -1. axoerience as graduate students. sixzymsevcn per(3( nt of the :xperimenters were due to gradudte Within three terms; ,wentyntwo pirCi>1t W613 due to sraduzte tue seme term that r 32%.?) cried out. Ten experimenters were randomly assigned to one of the 0 four conditions of pro-prormvt on u ilized in this stugy, O C ipj'77 \‘h.3}2._.-3 . 1 (1,\1-,x: 4., f‘,,, .9 ' -,';\,_;., l‘.‘|:'1-l.'.-t\.. l3) .0 " h ‘ D-‘~ ---B“ -"J-L‘n',.fi “'él‘m.v~q"—. here were four conditions 0” trenih ornltio on intended m- .. '«f~.fi-J:.F .»«.:n¢AA n u.fi.n .,« X+fin :w' a-'+ JJIC 132343J.lbllrtulffll CKLLLALJJVd CLL C +80 Ifl:j{ufou- CJAHllEJ? LO - '- ‘- v. ‘i‘ .vo-y -" v'A ----- ‘ . - .u, o. y r| “ ‘A _ . . -’ a\ f. theee talcn xoolu be l duo in Cilflfiual iolocrs in a EPUth '3 ‘ l: :rfi‘ww ~14 ' .1. m‘=\1 3% r¢«h»\ * 1‘~w»~3 ~r -~~L;~ Zara“ CLI1{:). ' .‘ ..J 1'.) (1*.L11lc (3'; 1-)k1‘.’-. J14 .-JuJAL'O-L Q ll‘z‘uhtf \1~‘K’ L-J \-’L-l L: . -.- -.- ‘ -.~ OF‘ 0 -"-- -. . Q-h -.Q .) A 4‘ x -r 4- p, - -.-' -, us— 4 W185 Llflflhf o0 lJIEtCnllg) to L: Kj'tm'PQ lmeOlJJXflss. J) 1,u»., % ,,,,".~ ,‘-.‘ .n s 3:. l . i, : -._ ¢. All lulcero, £~53301esb Oi COCClclOu, conbdlhed the W” I ‘fi'f‘a «\mr fi§lhh tv,‘n fi].yfi1r(~t (r‘w, 3-, r1” mw‘!’ ~‘I\'4\(N I» glint...» ~33 L i.) chive ’ \" ..Lv “nab c... . MEL-.0 w (51‘. (.411 (1. .1) I.) ‘ v’ CJ’I IVE-4:11 o c Folders in ths "lack of information enditien contained .‘ .. ,. 9 ~— ‘.‘ 'I, . ‘hr... - 1 only the Speaker 8 age and a folder hem er. In the a "incomplete information" condition the folders contained a folder number, age, and the thtenentx "This child has {L delayed language". An example of the case re LPGFTS use in this condition is giveni in Apps ndiX BI-l. In the'hegative information" condition, as well as the "positive information" condition, the folders included a folder nxunbe age, and grade level. Additionally, the pre-information in the 5 f '3 .L ‘3 SJ) (.4. L. o If} m p m, J ,.J O ’fi C! {'2 E.‘ I- <4. Fl 0 < (D O :5 H a (-3- Ho g3 "1' .L J (J) O 5 p. d (.3 D.) O H (—1— .23" r.) 7". H . .~" -. - J" 3“} . a. I” v- .~. ‘ . --'.",--‘ v'-' -. 1 r I a v-A ~ . ' I ‘f '. ‘ hioLosy oi Li: chllo auu n18 infill}, as mail a» V&FLUU§ m“ESJFOS Oi intelligence and ioniwhnmcnt. The case reports 3 D g 3 i-J h) F‘J ( N I... £15 I "c .\ NJ H o A— .J u. for the noyaiivo Condit i0: ‘pncndix Ell 11n20 u'. -, g..'.:<:.., -. .-L, L.,- L ,L ‘.‘-;'--‘ . . "' v] 71'- In Sdflilblhnl LO lwid icnfl? C03CfiLLlQfi£.Cfii p.3Cw*.h1fur.LLulOfi, 1 'v’ v" "'6 r' 'f‘lciv ‘ r‘ I.‘ w ~ .V p - r. '4 -’- L .‘r‘ . u L . . '. tnaio MLcL Loo Cidbmdp oi mbutUSGM‘uty ObJUCblVG and sub« J ‘Lo (EVEEJlaZKE Cflfinl sIMXLKCJf fling tjwdfit' '\""14""‘ t’ n 9‘4”} " ’7: .. "t! ’ 3 ‘n "““‘ a... . 1 ’ M‘: V” '0’ . .;.A ..z I.) i.;. LIL.» .~-.«.\., 1 L011¢ .1. .. J:1 OJ- ill. L- 1.1., «.;J. '11 .1 01.1 0 9 J. Lil-117.1. -. 1 ~ r.- -| n .-‘r -. 1‘ L 7... . 7.. , . . _,.‘ iifi39F- t‘TJ C13 .a:: 6i: OJ.3uL4LbLL‘UuH.1L. tMCflTC \wOiKJ SCYJCliil .fQITJb 3.) , .p ..In , ,. r .L -.(V '1 .L. _ L .L. L. . - ‘ .‘. -'.‘- .. 1. . .t.‘ .- x l- _ _~ 1 5.: ‘r- .~ 1‘: ‘ \ m‘\. r“. ,3 . . r“ ‘ L 01": (J-lw' L! b“{-« . _ L? (J -J Li u ) L" t. ’ w' LL J.:1 ‘0! 16 C; V I... ' uL-a .JdL (J 411 )3 Q l .1 A I I?) r f a L. r"‘ (2%“ -'. A‘CL”O- ‘nk‘fil I}: 3 .. .._ ,.- J..».1,. r "1.., ,. . I ‘1 ..r -_ _ ,1 EACH“ ELL-'1- C V." ‘30 [AL-(.0711 if'v..1 J Cull-15.3 L311 9 Jim/.— 4.13:] , Edit). ( '1‘ A .3 A _. -L£ — ‘ or: - «a I ‘ . I ..- (19J.-) . (inuao in; Lin. C 3 ions fro 3.51,:1 .LI]. Lily-ends... Col.) 1 .n . . . ‘ a, ‘ 1-: \, 'v 3 q ...- .1-1L - ‘ ‘ , flhc sccoiid iorm f tno OUJCGbl»; CldSb MAS one Loan of Five Lo ”CL tlvosponsos. EWQJS‘ Got mLu1u‘wwg the averooo length of the ch’lfi’s longesi TLL}“1>LU. The inStl‘ULCt1013 for this moagu?o were 8.1: o token from Johnson, Darl 3. and Spreistershach (195a and can be found 3n Lincndif Call. The thixd f-:m of the ObJCCLiVV noLrurcs was a TypewTokon J Ratio. This m-a 39119 an be used to indicuLe lonnuvro sophistication by looking at how mar: different words (tyies) a speaker us 8 with in a cor LLLiI: number of \ords v (toke s). The instructions and procedures for finoing the Type-Token Ratio were taken from Siegel (1962). The 30 instructions are given in Appendix 0-111. The subjccfiiv: class of measurCment was COHUTiSGd of 1—, o -11, ‘1 four foxma. These forms were four 5 even poi mt rat I I L , i. . .. “""‘:'r’ sca1:s, Chihl Scale rquflasnufiir \ u;‘\‘- 5 J different aspecc of ‘:w. .‘ ~/ A -. . . L- U-,i . i . J. i . Sihwuvu) (1397) uhd lfiC11Mkfli "structural s4nfi1185-thion , gr¢R”“Wle1 accu?aoy", "orcativity", aha - - -. - ‘ __ .‘ ‘ ‘v‘ . . _ .. fl ,“ o- - - A. a. ’— ‘ ’ - ~ -. J o-.-—- . .‘h . -< - . \wex(3 IYLL5:Q=.L3 1 f» iwjlwg u() O7uf ()1 (llflfll )1 .n;: i Hir‘ Ccnra]-plC) ,n ,. . .' ,.-~ ., , \ .' .. ,. ..3 4,;.. ,..v. ..,,.. w .- .. ..LL, . . . Oi yfu"JWiULDduLUM. inip 33h;iumOLp udfl based on the 1793 n - -.- .' . .. .1 1.,“ ‘.,_ . . ......-J.:_u ° .4' ,A .0 ‘ 'g “v .i . _,-..., ‘ .° - .‘ 0.1. }." 'Lnl‘li-‘.'..'l..'f.€“.“LUJ; b'v-ltxz.4'-.'13.-(.L 3.1;. LUV lQLCLLJ.‘ iiifity M'ULC; {LIVED ‘\ I. .'~ f 1‘. (.V— .~ :~ 1' f‘ .A {Tn . “g -.".-~ ..I ,‘.J ‘.‘..‘- .’~ ‘ . ’ ’- ~. . ‘ ”flu? ' -. u - . ---. ~ - I‘\ J‘ fOI. ‘.— .‘ .K. .1 Q. J- 3’ ‘- ~- 5 I- .- . J- 4 L \:.' ..L \) .h \,'§ 4. I.) Dr \I I'. (-.. (1(j L4. k, L‘ Lit? 1 13.1.1," ;. K- _L K—v \1 L1 Q) L1 i '. i " ‘“ ‘- 3"."5 " 4 ..r 'i‘) “H '~ \r “7‘ 1C C‘le‘: ' Lu’i \J... 111‘ *-|-(1¢.\_,z.~ '\ KI' "\"',’ C"; .1." 1. ILL . ,.‘1' J.- . . .2 1-“. . : "v .' ._ _,.. .3 \_ . ,»_\_ . x L,. .- ,3 , ., , 4.1 x -r‘ PCS.HLJLLUL has PO" iaxilgut With Ln? COOS 2331 and, LHCICi 7 j d i .L. g. ,‘ . - .L‘ ‘ .I ‘ ‘ I: .‘w .f., ..v . L - - L1 ‘ ",. " V o”. Imvb JLLIH: Ldlfi vyiw? 3i 1;L(w»irx,o* bJ(fll LHC, i liw‘ r 1 ‘ [C ‘ti v:; 123$.31nfcr: \ma <'e £1;\ {12‘ . J (L (”.3 1V V, - "‘- ~ -.I‘ -L. ~’ \'.r‘.‘-' V\’ - “‘ y m' r ' A ' an ~‘-"‘ ‘befure LNG QU3IfiCLJNL21M“;qULU$g the order‘an. Una ayiauurs 2 C .‘ 0 I was coon; 'craalanced a3corc i“ 31: i::. hcfiLf (x? flu? C>Q_Lr‘1‘0"‘bcrw‘ ill a" u: Ccnidf.'ic m1 .fl' heard.EfiH%UN7‘-V1 inifiinllyw \r1]x*} if of ‘he Chflfll'.m!it N“ I . r . :fi ”0 1' '. a ‘-~ 1." "" \"1. qr-nq4- . ‘\ ~ hoard Spwzitcr $2 lNl‘iulLyo ihe firs» iive QEyCLJLwHLCIS :w in ea ch condition of p“e~inf0“y.antion heard Spc:3ker #1 and scored hin acco‘cirf to the objective 018 PS of mcasure ment. Afier completing Lhese 0b1LCLivo Ipacuras, ihe .mg to condition and CXpsrimenier. r‘. x. l. expen'mer Ler llstenv to S; and f) L- «--." "\ "'- ' ,- '. " -. ‘ : an m- wk ‘7~‘!‘.3‘«° P bvbdchlxc c1353 01 meCoulchcdu 1 ' r3 -\ . s f ——l_— . . ‘ . r . ", fr. ..._ I -' 1 .fi _. . _ . . f_ ’ 9.5. U11} 1111671 w l 5 l1") GdCul COHLLATJLCJH hum! d updu . ’ ‘3 . ' r‘ '9 1 .‘ n 1‘ “W ‘1 - M} ~ . r. ‘ '0 3 as -:- . Ot)JbLfilV63 C]A«&%‘ Oi rlULJSULtyHKHLt .LLL 1, 11d ‘_ 's l,‘ ‘ ~ . ~ ) («t < m: 9 ‘ ' UUCCK‘TAHJ CU3J€CL1ve clénxfi. 1‘ha, any 016 i‘JC (arid. 8141):.ch L 3_ \Je (31:19:38 _: C) . "7‘ ‘r‘ “ 'V " J" K I r c111q131 ullb S}u3:l “01 ‘he f :er Elf. *ed him ucor(3;3ng (. (,.1 1 f3. V C’ ' f y“ C'- b If; I) 7/ M ,3" (D under a 3—2. _0_ w ann np33uz w 1- er cf ct due \ m133urenent l A u I “J 7‘ O 'f...’ for and a separgie folder for each speaker. Frrel‘r‘r‘wf'wmfi -MMCWWHWWW. The experimenter :13 urglcd at a table in a Small, quiet room— A tape 1: capo»: .as placed an the able 1n “ont of the ("‘3filfientar so thgt he could inierrupt the tape wheneveL he wichefi. Three tvya 113016313 vrro us::o Th9” :PflUng ‘ Fan1nonia Modal TQ7C58, a ‘ullenuvl Rodel f ‘ r ‘ '1 f n A= ~ A . {I ' f ‘ - ‘ . w o r " ’—)r‘ Ah 3d}, Chi H V0100 0' LLLlC L”WC 3” HL1L LOvrl 7J(}o I“ 1 1 v. -. .t- . -l‘ a — o -1 'v -.. r rw ' 3' - l' 1 ' \ ‘ 'l' f‘ LHC 0A3331m3nLu3 w»b xncl'b303w as to ho: to us: uh: .1., , ._ I . ’ . J- ° _ -643 ..- _ r' L. .t _ ape PJCCLCLL. fie ”mu {1V CH 1%) p1 nLCu lhpLTU¢LLOfiS, .‘ . 1 v s. . ~-- r \ ~ :'3 ' '*..'- wnlcn he he. 9. V 1012.13»; 13.3.11, 10." 59.01. .111”, “ t V" ‘ ‘ I “ . J" .9! "U‘ W . I‘ 4“ “Cam leg, awa a SHOP» ior cc01u1bz pno fi y rc3pnngco. (A. (This W’Lc“~la* sheet 13 incluved in Ampendix Es) When the 07p~31§11.19‘it’1‘ 31‘th he fine-v.3 comforf'ably £9131]..‘:.2.13 with the scoring procedU' he w:.as given th a. 10110 in "The purpose of fhls study is 10 ob13 and validit meanvres for F‘"&2J1&n The monemxéeu you have been 11.3131: . 0 Mean ]A ncgth of Response, Kean of Five Sponsefi, and a kuuloqcn R3t'o. l()u 133(30’1‘1311 111:3t1311u'L_l(n::3 1131‘ ()-.4tL'ir .1111 i, If 3% 13A%:€;ny (pgcsLi I18 uLor’ 'U one C, (<4 C‘ LJ them (DC? .the instructions plea: he? 9 \ing {tinted (3:‘]'_ {1" ttain - Lonnnst pravi u::- ‘(51 L“) .~ ' 1|‘\- l'uL) ( vl’\.' I‘C‘ |~3. him? 0);“ on will also SlerS . . a“. . ”a”. - -,. . 4 ,3 . . ,\ . . be awn.»d to g5ng a rfiidlfii f0; Cnflfl} of Ikunf irnects J." - I“. - v‘--- r“, 3. - ‘— “'5'. ‘ fl_.‘\ ’ - ' . ,-.-' ~ ' - - .. -A OJ 'Jmegucac. film} “111 1»»:uLve l?L»CCUCtAO¢H1 LOP J D -, I I 3 ‘2' n,“ w 3. ,4 _I__r, #_ . ’. ‘ r ,‘| .-._ ,_ ‘ ' .. 10m ujll nch Laws reVV‘; c *Ln3“ oi L~u children. . -~‘ p'~. I“. f. I' ‘ . A‘ Ix“ I‘ ‘ . .l 1', Z.’ L: 11f.._{_)‘.3 1“an I '. LL J [319 LI 3 TYrOII VI" J-.L l . , n_. “iZG you Vlth the : I3 1‘ ' ;' ."\ ." ' f‘. - O 7'» ‘ —~‘| I“ ' ’- __‘: I. I 'V l’ " " “ Ch _L ] '\--'. I 1011 .m; I‘LLLU. t1] .1- is P $3.. ‘i'f l 13 .L. a [Lfi'fiff 3,011 ht~v€3 ‘+ J ,. l ‘ mmnx'JJ one tape rncovflwng :13 obt;ia 'n Y1K, hfiLRg cna TER. You may l':ix:1 to 1'£:’U1p0 13 I.“h’ iiwcz)€x‘lzcaecxfiflfig to do {L1 (.‘CLXEELET jcddc devzx yam: hax~é C(nnnlc Lid.'ihrnge mra~J-‘ qs, r“71' Li"‘“ 4*} LCLLdiln VERA wilj- LH'M1 hezn? J. . .’ V . . 4.3,. 3. . 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Flu. rlx .L L... F. r. 5' Q.‘ ‘ o (L —I. ‘- 4‘ n. o . I4 u v; .3 \. . , .I\ . A . ‘— .l. x D C C I I ll- -..\. ff .1. J . | 172.31}? 3 a a u .3. .~ . c . 8...... ... 1k r', ILL . |_.4 .. . IN. 9 \n. “ . . . 1’. .‘. .I .. ( ..- v3. _ ., .. s 1;. n 'V . u. r \I. .1.1 I )L. ”L . . r ---a $4 a! (p u. }\ \Y\C\ \ \YR \Y\ z * m _, I‘x..\\\\\\\?\ """" 1W \\\\\\ < \\‘\<\K\""" ‘§\‘ \ \\\T\ {XV :1 r , . {\‘SR \\\_\ \\\\\\\\\\\‘ ~* 1 J t l n 1 I 4 1 I 1 1 __1\§\j if N O (I) \O .17 (\2 O CO \0 .‘J‘ N O ‘9 ‘0. ‘0. "3 ”3 "I “3 “E ‘5’. 3. 3'. ‘7; 4". OlmVU NEXOL”HJI$‘ ORYATION rs TQQ-r‘ ~4 i»; fl ..J-.4L1I~ PR. 1 I O A J! ‘ ('. i F k. C ) . r4 +9 5 (TI :1”; - H 0 44 (‘5 U) $4 «‘1 :5 H 03 rd 0 5-: or”! S» 4’ 3 a: 0 5'7? :3 91 L4 0“. +5 $4 m (5 are L'r ho . H 1:. L13\\\W\\\\\\\:\\\\\"+3 1 J 1 ' 1 n n 1 4 1 1 \\ 1+7 1_\\\\_\' \\\\\‘i {\"f i "i "‘ j. r—‘. H‘. I....V* YvL—VNH l {‘1 \ \\\\\\\\\ ‘ 1 jun .- -. A... -.-.u.-.-“1.’.....o.4L--»..z...-4--'-'O L! O O l ' D .I . F \\:\\ \\\\\ \ \ “WWW? 7.0 6.6 6.2 :3 o \o \n :r 5.8 5 SSIH'IVA E’IVOS can“ u " "i "“.‘L 7' ‘3 'i"; ' .L.\., ‘ ‘1',“ b‘élau‘uJ- (.1 h' 1 Elin'l. .) ‘t I ,LTI'A :1- 32‘}; ’ LILLCJ f_ (I M 1. Ge r .’ .' C). .LET} .! I C! 1' L) - .~, .-‘ r .- u '1 .L ‘ . .r‘ .,,.,.r..£ .' . 3 .. ' .‘ ,., ..r‘_ nugLiLVe mhd IHCGMFLCbC 1mLoLmLuLon constlonL Lor 'nr’ "~.--~r 3 "~ -."' " " thinga appear 10 be .lar undur fihc pOglfiiVO inflormation condition. v‘rr‘x-‘7, \7 C::.r“-4I J..L‘J-\ V D] Q'\r1(xr‘<'v'("r! .A. r- ‘¢"J;J0u'.'. )1.“ ..J { ‘- ‘. P' ‘1" \‘ d \ N ' -. ~-»."\-“ -‘.~ <9-. .- ; ' Pulp C‘ LIL!" his. (rmrrrz' to LI’MCbLLL-gzmue 'Lue existence 0" 5". - - - -_. . u v. o z , .v. n . I . ~ . -- c». GxgflLEIEAN1i ';1 Yu::" 3:; Lt 115Vhi.1Lc IT Cla;;tcd 311 Lhe “— ‘1 n J' ‘. " ‘ "'1 'r' '3 o "u "a" ..l ‘ fi.’ '1 " . t r - V (J l) ‘i (5:: L .L ‘. (3 <9.) Id. :31). I) [EC 'v u .1.‘J U C ‘5' g1 11.} “f, _~\ .111 O L 61111! _3( 1’“:wa 1:311:39“ ‘ ,A _“|,‘ O ‘5 ‘n “. ' I". ,. o o (a c‘ n . : . - J- . J . M , ”3-173!" H 1.1% 1b: 140'. d f: 9 «35‘- lf 1C; v- .15 , J- t- : Oz?- an t ax.) (L' 3- 1200 J03.“ n J.‘ - . ' . ' . ‘ . . - unkun“; or not (U-\Qh r-lhnln"r~*b Prw 1n?!LonLnfi bv .L i - ~ - \ V. n. ‘- » L. (1. ° . .n 1.: .L .'.-L . .,. L: L .V- .° .1- ”LA.-. . , .1 L... ‘ L; . 3.11--O..fi.'.x:¢LAG.“ Ln“); 1"C§;J\rk3 J'JJ‘_‘.O:_‘ LO Fiannallg E‘.‘J$'..1.L'..~‘LJ. Zia: Of r “ . ’ “ " ¥ ‘ ‘ 1 . . ‘ fl '- ‘ 0 ‘ -|- -‘~ c -s— .I.‘ a .- ~‘ [f31;_ ‘" ‘ \* Fund 7 :L. I}: <-( ’ 111mm ; \.’C. 1910. aka; tLL'f-L'L‘ OJ. 1.118." O ‘ . - A .L" ‘ 'A—fl -'~. \ ‘ 10.01;" ’L LML (L:,>i.€“. - 1'16 3; E-‘ u‘ 71.3 1"r"” (u. Jn‘cwfl 53.1401, 10* v w '. '~ Plu- (r -.' -.~; r r,-' ' - r ~' ~ 1-.0 I v!- CCL’.}}.L- L" 1.:..L.;:31'-HLL_( .1, T“‘ ""‘ ..I.L.l\‘L~.:|L-l\.zl. (H. }7(-If-_L.Ll\';‘ ‘ , ‘ ....L.,._- . -3.‘ .f‘,-_. .L.’ .- 1 ‘1 .f" -1. . L. .!.L 1, lzliC’th(lv--.'\)AL CA-.LJ.~-..L‘:I1b.‘v--,‘-..L.5L}y‘r 3.1.“? L. 316-; .C‘-':;L‘L1] up?» 0.5. bu“ .. .'..‘ ,.., n ,.°. ~- ._ - LL_,-,.:.. L_ . . - L, . . . .. .'- .‘ CVbluatlun: Flfltllyc the QUJLLLCH was posed 93 to ththF be more a: Pro v3 33 invesiiéations of experimenter bias suggcs 'Uwveui JIYPL olelfigm.jnoiceroa of fimfl:1fi9¢;in educam tionul Ragtinqs (Rosenthal, 1996; Rosen*ha1, 1970: Baez, 1967; Evans and Rgsanthal, 1,09: Ros-thhcl and Jacobson, 1963). In acaition, studies conc:0rning “nozstandurd El'lffliSh" (115.115.8325, 19%”) u; Labov, 1970; Looov and Robbins. 1969; Earafz, 1970: Lambert, 1967; Shay, 1970; Beasley o ‘ a . _' _‘ o f ‘ o .. r 5/ r‘ "4' o o r n (‘1 and chale, 1970) Stuttcrlng (Lucrluh, 19w ; willlamQ, MC) m r M r ', o - o ‘ .c L 1/ ,.. -._ ¥ _ ' , ‘ ‘ >. _‘ .’ (w ‘. Work, kingfio, 190;; Johnson, 1959; Bar, 1907) and Lao iIu“oxac .tion of retarded children with ad 168(316301, ,u' L’ r-. r / 0 ~53 (- ,, ..\ 0 ,_ _ _ _ ' 19mg, 19099 19U7) aniCdiO Lne GXichnoe of b as in $.10 ffl ‘ A. v r L ‘A - . ' /’,. A \n- ;— . Sp.ooh Lithology. Coven et. ai. (19oz) reporfied eipori— menior effocis swooifi-ca.11y with iho MLR. Unlike the prcucnt stuoy, rohovuv tin v did not ‘ry to induce a V *J. 1 ,3 l3: H. q p.) n L I L—q.‘ ,J ('0 O I. 1 y I k.) ’\ 5...! \ F. ”-1 ('3 (—... (\ Q a". 3 L 'v 4 .40-...L .z—Lr- - L. ‘ Lu»... .: - 1.: rhea iixrc< Cl? 3 mt'r .LULde LhLyt LQKLOL iniLgirxltiLni Lid .L 1! .,L..1 41w“ ,.\ ,3 ‘5”. , , 4-‘ o ,. ”- .. ,3 .ioantiy eiibct Lno CVuldivlon oi language skills ‘1 \v .1 - ,l O .0 .. -\ ° . -.-.L oi prculnfC1m; -. ._,, . , _‘,-. -. 1 L.’ ,. .., .3 .'I'- ,-,., .. L5 -.' .1- . ..‘ :7 a 1 .. . 395:”- v.7 (“1‘93 E’o‘a-‘fwd-‘r 4-3—3111“ G 0111-27 ""'.1.l:;1 ELLE: LISLR 85:0. '1 iii Obj {:0 L'i ”-3 s t l W F V.‘ '0, I“ I 'L ’ ' l- ‘i‘ l‘k‘ "'fi ." “'\ \ 'R ‘ . mommy-2:3. more nimuci or be a Logtdenoy ion the 11C:;?chzil‘le k "“ ‘uo‘ '9': ~. A. n" " L - . . \ ' r'\ F. 4’! "3 . -~‘ ‘ \ '-‘ ‘P 0 1-1 lfilOLMmLiDn no ILCMIC in lflmFuaabd Luci, n SCOIUB for tno LLB rumiI 5ft find dccr’>rw” MPHV“"‘”W"UWT‘FPV QLd 3:110 rathSSL .3 '1 ‘ J. ,‘ ._ .I-1 ,.._ .' .H , .,. ’_-L ° , ,f , L4,... ,. .1.“ ’ . ,. ,., . .2. .‘ :1 .‘ ° In aUleJOd, bum lfluvnglCue lbiUerklon rdoUlutu in 1“” f“ '~ "I; "c " “ ,D_,.,.‘ ' ' ~‘ ’n\ ~‘L';.' ~ f'l' 1" . .—|‘. 4 a: , r , CI‘G’XS‘SL‘L Sign); C. E? Lu: 8.11 THUS find... ()3 o 1510 OUSC 3 viva drld Limb" jcotivo BK ;sureo did no; a of bias they reflected. Inarooti on of T2 bit 1 shows that thu MLR and 1&5LR resulted in 35m51ar arrrn Imnontc of scores while the TLH scores more closely roscmbled those of the 50839 ratings shown in Table 2. The TTR and scale ratings more closely appfiL ‘ rooted ihe o"po“*ed pattern of scores, ie., the scores were oeproo ed 101 the 943;a H.tive information and,th01oiore.may have been sons itive to these biasing effoc;s. Fina 1y. no significant differon“es were obtained betwecn :speP aners within conditions of pre- info: notio or. kn .._; i . " I UIJc“Ql e>IIl a.naclons may no offered for the failure of zhis ctufiy to reflect an effective induced bias ifi the exocrimcmwcrs. Peroaps lifthwycur graduate students in Speech pgiholcfiy may be rccicLeut to cxpcrimcntcr bias. Their training may, intentionally or riucrncioxllly, teach thin to disregard the possible bichh” opinions of others and to xrrn their ow: conclugicnv c hcoiu‘o: a client laNfU?‘ge skills. Tncv have also coon IAug opiniohs about the client‘s chills until those ski ls h-ve be on a35.giC"I7.rI'.-.‘tr;3:§‘y’ 8.5.;;-:-;2;-;:7-:cc1. Ho},.>ciull'<, this is “the f 1 I". l 1W ‘b/ . 'Y lio\:c\*c3‘, .SS"€lf: a.L vtnicx‘ sixc‘IOITR (scailci a: $<) lug ()IIrca'UiTvi II occaiw the blChLUE efiIciz. F1: cgclklc, tho child°s TFO$JV3W’W*R ill filia: cfu'iy \veth vzuéorvvéi :wzd {$12 clzildi 122$ ILLt sczwl. Exngdics;lxg Fozxnythal.au1d Eksfic (ikaJ), jmfllir smuc Epstein (19$?) and 20 bl: and Lehman (1969) founC that b . ‘vn " ., 17-: 'fi‘ifjx] )5 n d. "A V" ‘wxwv 'vfr‘x'.~\" : «,3 ‘-~~«~ "hm-.’t'JV ”'5'. Oil“; 1] Illcg O “u“.LLvI‘y ”Ago NULL: .LIL.4‘.(11)‘\'Ilkl\;;Al -J SU.L .Ll“ \ cicnt Io cut blich a bias, but the Lisa was greater when both tlc Vl‘>cl and auditoiy cues wsrc present. Rosenthal and J8 couscn (1938) found that the upcoararoe 01 the children did seem to affect tie gains made by "infilllcctv”l bloomers". I ‘l Thosc )31C““ who gained in achievement were Juoged to appca: ror :: "“erlcfin up to the second gradc. Stercoiypcs :5 prophecies“, as disco sued by Williams L ‘11 1'3.) ,3 Q: C’.‘ (.\ H H: 1 *- ‘ £2. i4; :J o H Fl 0 (1970), also indicate the importance of viszal cues. 1 no listener's ;> Q E. H a. * appearance may Sb“ rve to bi t 2 K." \I -:‘r‘ "“F u . ' ' w " ‘ y " r‘ ' . ' ' earns: IFFJI i (.5): of one child. a spec-ch ; behavior, level of ‘ ‘ \ "' f ‘ r“ ’\ \ ‘.f \ ‘~ '. 'f‘ .-. I" 'V" 1 {uni fth tic Jig); dflni pigmpxocij3 401 lllcUIC f'- .“1 O *F'F~,r“ 'v " “ . q * - -J‘~ Jr"; 1“" 4" I“ Q n J- r: ‘a-Vr“ uCLlUVthd;. It lb fclc bflau ‘ila 13.: lulu" from Vlgual cues play an active role in many concational and clinic.l dCClSlOUS involving the child. This mi ht F ,. ,.._ ' ~.,._ _ . 4,1. ‘ .~ 7: ,,.,, .. _'. , . .3 .._.2, ,.F‘ ‘ _ .: .' t! ,..F found ind; albuf hMC Lec0nn “Flco, hlgfl uthCVlNI chill- n Q . ,1 l‘l' ' " ‘ '3. .' ’ . ." a .‘ C! r \ -. ‘ P 1 \'C ' C I “'3 F0 1 i‘ 'f 17:15.1“ ML; u ‘Ltl 1G6. a The ‘0U1.fl ‘ I Cit} 1U E» u. H ---. I. .— ." ,.,F 7 - ' - F -'~:"‘? ~ ° F E 3’: , (‘1. L’ ”(2' out Yn'c‘,’ (limo J ‘ kill. 2‘. (M'hllb on 'LJLC‘ .. F- -- , — . 1- - “ ~ 1» ‘. - ‘ -- r J- r . F ‘ n/‘F \ | I ' ’ ’1 v clfg..:?‘.éul‘-a’.?FF 9- F 3;] c110 O vhf F" n? ’u 9 131.0 1* :I‘Ffl .(e h 131 c0 FIG , ,. ' F. . r n -n n. .u n ‘ '2 ' u -. In .. F \ 1'61‘K (\L‘N1 “ (7\ ( 11:1- ‘. ' Lair} 9 ((3 -I II'K‘rT b ' C” \} {JCJYOILKJ ‘ ' 1 ‘u .‘ C.‘ X, I ‘ .1, ,1 s I." , ,. ' ‘H .u'k, 4.1 o Hiya]; (L C}: ,_.-.\JF . .) L0,. tr» mF \.\1 (IF) lulu LwlLL. I kit‘J-1J ~— UL? »- .a- ' , ‘ “ F -_L r“ .1- . F.._,F.l . - F yxb), I (A. .3 IA)F LElJF' CalcF co FAA»Ci_Fu flcmilxclln fn‘ \ 1 4 ' \ -' ‘ \ \ -‘ ‘ I \ 'C‘ 9 1 r . “ i416 3l~ Hi?l . ? l'clchJ' i : UCIIJCF n 3‘ 57:: OJ. RICME .FFFiliréTC L" r.‘_‘ .o 3—. r H" \r ’v P .‘L. “IF' Y‘J. .: I“ _ 4-. .'- f, 'l \l‘ .0 T’. J; _‘ Pu: .‘ .t 3,, ~1- () .-‘ f‘ r‘ 1 ,.‘h (-... ‘1‘ 11¢” tux-7‘ " C 1...}. s, k- 32m; 1v_i.~.,1«..' L’J. J4}; FL)... (4‘; J) .'-1£.L1_f.J 0. CC'.{.‘\- J.L/<.LJ 01‘ 1 . , z ' F, -- ,! n- r 1 1' ,- ° , , J 4.1 QE"€L1 FnJIIQ lJlC‘F,UL.LQe ilHlF; cauliFF) vi Fsuafl CLuzs co LIC icantly altcrcd The rGSL ults. Q . Q ~ . f '1" ‘ "- " “ "'_‘ f ’. 4' C a 9‘ {3 1‘ (I. 7‘ _) \- I; (I; 1;} {-1.er 15L'.\ 9 S :L If “1le 3- .l .l- Anciimn; facuor‘xfliich Ixuy hava the (flymiincd P o H J '5 F... C: 'F‘) H ) >5 J ‘7) C‘ ‘ ¢-. J- “ . \o . -, - ‘ ~ '- -‘-;--‘ 1" ‘r' a- - j , -\ r _,- . - -‘ f] ICQUlbb 18 11c izFihirr Lha tipclluwncI13 rdCClVGu. lO ' .L L- -- avoid possible bias :“om the reccarchcr. the experimcn 3 Fining c0"::isicu of an explanation of the task to be (—'- fi completed axwd the instructions as giro1 in flpFo ndi.ccs C and D. Most of the 9): pc I. imcntcrs indi Lc F'tcd they had not used theme measures previously. Their lack of familiarity with I.c measures maJ have resulted in scorin? errors such ) as those found with other incxpe'ricnccd C)? . iners (Nelson ,itorq were ‘a “V .2 ’\ s. a k L: or.) F 3 ..J’ —F .4 -' ‘5 “..J r. a D a, LA \I) \1 x: v . t—v.’ ‘ 1 ,.J {J t-‘j v‘w—l '\ ,I r I H 2 ‘3 4’ ’3 D a. .3 ) P~ }-—J .J O ' ‘< 3...). LJ r'x w ' ‘ \r N ". 44 1 «. r1“ -‘-‘ ' - -~ g -" q :0 doing HW\ uFlaLlo ior tuo LBSLLo They 3.29).}; not have been PJ'FFaTo of “Um z'zlsfzm'fli‘zg of the S'sores t.xoxr *vri‘F1 "tixrirgl 'L‘r n m} o:1k<,rfi:e If this is th; case, ihifi factoT might serve co Tomiuz 13M: )F“?h patholoijfiflzcxf'muo pquosg and? Tmnxé impoTtant v 'tkie 3 i133 1:2‘t icaiss (>1 THTZUHSQL f‘ 14-! ”ml 3" 1-37,...” ,F, ,.‘Fr, .._) p f 1', .g, 3. ,1] u 'n ‘l‘ “a: ,.‘f .a- (1. .' F‘ F, t1- 0 “ml 9 w.‘ 4...- "L mlOF F911 .FL-LFPFF.) (F; L, VLF) V'Flvgu - ll; “.'_"- FI'FL.L7;F_KF..11.1.IF!5 11.. Va. 1.0,). L9“! 'f‘ I“ '1" (’_\r-- , \C(\f\r xlrflr L‘. ‘17 \r 1‘ ‘.,) T'x(.(\ ‘v'x- . c)‘\ F GIN (‘3le O - ‘1' Vt't— *1. \’ L'Ii ’J’ 111‘ >1 U I .. \vC‘);l-lFL - J ‘_k|) 0-4 0 ‘ Q _ Q” 1 A. ‘§ I Q _ 9 i p, q 0 n P‘ ‘ ¢ ‘ 'I" 5 ‘ I ~' \ I y ‘0 “ FForil§r)z‘n Fci L;:T tr {WIFFFF_F(ui 1:19;, \':i L‘ 1.FrF.i- F. on:. 1Fl5_.: 3-1 \ _ rs _ 1 0 c . o (’1 - — a l r‘ f A F" k F. a. .7 ~ g‘ r - u > o . lruLFiiFFF. o; I'oerioixFrc FFF.F.Uul'3.t.1r3le"i t, art-3.33.11, should k \1 be cautimnefl Co Case her opinions on the results of her 1 .-- .° V CvaLLdCLUH. -‘,. .. ._r 14‘ ‘ .'. 4.» ..1 ,..I-; . ‘ , 411.1 . .- - .1 ‘ 1LL011S W1. 1L.C*“ifLLCu 1:11“ 011 11C3rC 11C>CCuA saoxre1%:]_ ianfhslmxlcas -; . “.. ,- ...‘ .'.L._' _ , '. .°., 4..“ ,, .. . , ,.\. ya, .' fl , x CC: CC CCV1 muJJJ1ine OUJMJLHTPthOUIC&. Uxuzbflm anu '; . .. 1. .2- , J.- ‘-.1 .. ~-. . .‘ .-.‘1 ., ,.1..' . '. .’.-.. . .L.’ - .. 4'11 £1'JC.~()J1‘€1-‘J 5145114.} 1.!) 31117.1‘0J‘: fbl‘ Lu'lfi 11.613211, VC lfl.‘-uf‘fl:€x b.l-C‘£l .--~.7.'.'-.° — rfrmn 1 - . -. 1- 1 .nrw . ’- .- . CCn1C1_u;C311 '1hcr 111-, nrx1awzac, SCCMJL 1A) LC? a11»:ctx30 lay ane ,_ .3 ,, , ,. -' v . ., .1. ,. .. 1. -3. .‘ 1 .’ . ., ,.. .I. ° -..1 f \1 ~. Cu Luflnfrfmx iog‘ div 1n442C1vrr.u1101mC1C1CnJ inc - n '~ ~ ' . - 1 1 ‘ ' w l ' '-. 1w‘.'\ r- V\ '- "v ' ' - 1‘.'-1 r_ \ ' _ v.-~ ‘ 1. -.I ~ I ' (k ’11». ‘ .3 f, -, '_ ‘u '- (“F‘~ h' 0‘1] p r- 1.- 1 3“. {V - f ’» 131.,I‘1L 'vl C’J. 1.1.1. .1- 1.1. 1.1-12 Y UL ‘.u.) 11'... '-.\L 1.11-41" A'l..‘)1£b CA. ,L’.".! ’9 C(.'..1J.1L szll" ‘ .35 TF1} '. "‘1” C - ‘ '0-""‘1 (\ H“ '. (n"~ p“ 1 . - --.I ' . (“‘1 C C: J 1 «1.: z; , . v 3 I: 1.1: 1 , 1‘:1 ‘ . 1 ' CC‘ -11;}: , FT' 1‘ . n ' 1 r - I N O‘- f'.“"\ ‘ ’ fl r’f— .~, I -\ ‘ 1101;C 1-1‘;, 1 11c.1¢\ 113/, 1 L1 (( 511:1:1. s:CI:1-5 I'T.L C-1C 2 :J1(7 '1‘1C= fi‘1it ::5' 'g: fi'L {31:11. ‘CZ1C ETLI? i.s 110 c w:trurin1 the Care phCnm1CnCu 3: 1h; \TR 1nJ L513. Tn1C uCn d CCCH Cu h) iuC :92, OS theilqlzuuiljfiL1conCi9t of averzicg. THE “C? on ihC ciACC h'fin. invCJVCd b1c; kinfi ‘ --. '1‘ - V, .. F." ,. r...“ .. V. ' o~— . .-. .. r1 -~ ClOE§f1 ‘C113 1 121;1M11’ e C 1n n] E?) 1111,3 3 C11 r31111.:cm1<1 i; 1* «:1. it lar tack wavld be invclvad in rating ihe CCWCC LCJUUICS. I" f) fumathtfi: tCnCifi1CV‘ans £11? 1'TC1:C 51; to in: raixni hi JJUIQP .1 than S03 RCC n . If one f21’hcr CC pcrcs chase scorcs o a 0 w _ -' , ,‘ K , - ,. . 5 .H’. . ,- Wltn scorc:s alven b1Cra1H.r #1 dun SUGJLUI yd bv Cue jud Cs: , . J1 .. firCnd is noted. In CC m1.1>iaon to th: juoges' mean r\ ,.(J 51 800071 0 ‘ I (P! p‘ ‘ . .. .‘- .AJ-' . \- 1-, . . ‘ .‘p railn gs, m}\dLUr éa Wa$ COHSJQtCMbly CV lvaiCC hlghcz ha 58 the (7;) m2.:mmaacrs LflLile FQL‘fikkfl‘ f1 ix udec 'to Luz eval Lated lower. A130, for "he oljccfive “L.Hu c- of MLR and MSLR "-22712133-7 ’3 the "53:13:21er 7-." 8174;:21-1617, was evaluated as having 0 ’ 3 . - p. 1 ‘ . 4 m .’ L unuor Lue luCK on lnformdtLon -‘ _ >!~ -. ‘5 -V r17,- ' ‘ - ‘ 1“ . r. .’ P, 1- - .6 V l ‘ . . r. C 112-. “121.1,. J. 1112. O z- a: (7:1 Mud-’3 1%, 4 '€ .1": MALL 1.01“ “’10 $137323 J‘LLVG ' ~ \ *‘ ‘A- x I" ‘l n? ' 3 “ \ A \ 'l" '51" A' : ! InLLquL*-LL JZC xm7u1c1 bL, ,.LL'c,Lw 1531 CL EjflCdJLcr'\th)LLS evaluafed hifiher wlth no prewinfmrratlon would not also be 61851?st fibers. :1“ rs " 3.55417551u1.‘a"". There apprat-LW; to be am mp0 art 61.11; dii fe.:cnéc botwcfr whit is mefiznrad on an objnn*iVJ tes+ awn/L L‘Lth 1L; Lir:.uw ilwvzl I‘j' L41"\ r;:e: cs; 17L.Lh<71c;3i q" {is TALL ch415'3 1Airfl-(3l fvfl":’onipjv 1T1] Mfiuttaf'Thcze findirfir: Lhc firedch Piiho703131 mrat L3 axzve of “HE? is being cx': vartivi'b;! t?m3 LL.st:}Le Llscws 331d zilsru nauifi Lac La 31%; cut “Twat he? i}; dcz-J‘L',;;‘f.'blu.; 'L.I.C:‘:"L I‘LL; 1.1.7,};3, i. (1 ($11.11.. ,liui~¢‘ 77'17*:“* W” “LL.” -L-.L-,L - . “Hm If9 as L3"9:53t2dy jpdlquphu; SICCéh yafli;cfl- CLliJO h: lci cxpijii oric crnicnaruiii2g; t}.r. Lt] ierii 's lEfVEil ,of functioning. The speech Lioirjico must constantly be aware of these inilucnc s and Lucii coccibic cifcct on 1118 (werxia ticni ii 11c i1: 11) rcnaiin.1?,cldgccrr‘ tC) cucfli biELS. It is hoped that recacrch such as the prescnt study will serve to c:aution irx Speech “athoiogict in the clinical ‘J ’ - «Iaotc ..t'v, CF I ,..J J H' A \ .‘ 1' 1‘ r—o r”) u—J (.._, f‘\ \ . 1.4-: “.1 1—" " 1 .._; v r‘ J l I J ’54 \ \ .3 x J ‘ I r'x u. r\ .1 .2 C r‘? .._}. a 'l" ") fn J up "1 U‘.‘ D—l r‘ J c - W4 '3 (D C 0 I o " o - Q - Q o v' v n v Q -r. 1- r‘ .- . - F .fi Y. .‘ r -L -‘-.‘ - . ,«‘ r. V‘f" ~r 1.1,. ~ ‘~ sin ~.-. - ‘ ..‘v ..,_. i. ‘ - -¢-- . v'.‘ ,..— LJIIA L; (3139‘: .L j.:’l(,f1 L’ti L‘J_C1.{) I‘lk‘n‘Y‘ 1:d.\fe 1!} C xiii 5.41.1-3 G‘VLA MU. LJJLC, C‘ \r Lit" “ 'i V|C . «1“..i ' ' 5': ”W31 1 . 4": 1-)” L ]v\. r»l;‘ C. I ll 17."_‘.’ '4 (~1r, .LJ. (-1‘ \w—L)’ 17““.11/3'." '. q ,‘ pfl'fi 3“)";1“ ‘. ”"0 f‘ffl‘v" (3 ’_;‘\V . “’3 ~‘ ’.I ‘Y‘""-' :1 ("\ " E”: f‘"’\(‘ ”“1"” '" ";-“!“:'vV' A. V‘“"‘ ‘r‘. (‘r‘ ‘ I“ " \\'.3 ":1 H .. 0.) 'v \- (.1 :AJ. -23“: H--.,A v (a. u ;_ in -1. U.L u. u:;__ Lu 1, V‘ g. f, ., x, I] Lift, (.3 .' .-, \H: H u . I_ O 9 fi 1 9 v u r‘ V. 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J_ 1‘ 3_W \_ .' ,' ; J K4 h a " ' ' .1- ,. , ° . v: ~1—.- , - __.-,_.:,., -1. _ a , ' .- ' .1 m . ,. , ,4. " e\” lvraLc SEQcCTIiJJC in P1“; vxiuinjy Lido Vhlolkf l3135Ungo {CILQELE £31 30 DC: h101f3 C.l.o<3r3_lj " I: *1 I \ i ..a P g k” 1“ C; cf 0 L (._J .‘-~\-.-. I" .J.... v,\ rie‘h," 7.. .’r‘o {'4‘31u(‘ ‘)J.\"U 1.1.x (-\.|:\_1_L L'kj. T) ,.c.,_ , .‘ .‘ . .-‘. .. ~ .I,‘ . .' 3-. ‘71.- , '-‘-,‘._. c . .J- Ji>n1h11 l 13 C>i 811L11 t;,s Us: :111c_lxuic. 13:0 130 i133€f§lJJJTf1 1:3niz, C.) v r \ .J . l M ,1 .- .__ , _ ‘ 1 ‘ SCXCQCUIlIES firnf3L, 231d ’le3 I:LJJIJOJE; ”133;, 0;? Ixurcliojglpjw2 . t H. Abilities. Y3+ another questio; involves w1at the objGCL vc moosurcs such as VLR and MEL? or c actually meaSU?in5 whcn an immature speaker is scored higher than one described as "older” and "more nature Considering the size )f the caselouds of 8 each pathologists, in paru thUlflP in the pub lic schools, and the large nu :nbcr of pe “sons involved in evaluating Children's learning capabilities, it is imperative that O further research sock answers to these and Similar questions. 1'..- 1 S T $ 1.5;: fiw T‘Q -IA 5-. '1 ‘ ~_‘ .4 It.) L J . ‘.,.‘_. 11". l 34.11, 0? LIST f ediat 0 rr- ,, L" 1 ) A Cues J. 1:1; 1 ‘i r“ -(-' i f)- lflfl 0 10M [-4 , L. "3 :on to V1 .g. 'ten At r49 an 7" )‘ L 9 I - A. ”3", .1“! 2.1.. k.’ uLA 'v K: I | . 4 O W . , l- k) (l ('2 “ , 2, (~— \ I 1.) (. ”'\ H J,’ ‘ngton i '.-' ‘. n}. M -sm . O \. r .-~~..-~._Aa.. .< ‘. -.- ~‘—...— - -.--.—-‘. 3 OJ 1" "‘- ,_, Len“ ..o V‘./ 1n 5 T ‘ x 1 a/ -Y\-- - d l ‘ .A'VAL LIL .170I‘LLT“ \ -_*‘ :10 L.«' .1. LI 1mm r ( 1 01'} ‘r\ I '3_ , . . 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' :K.’ may on 3 4 Q , tJt 1., 9 v: and Ventrx J., l k o L). rt ‘1 .VJ 1n, O ( 1:1. .T 0/ C r) ..LA . 2;? T ‘ I ..d ’ r .O/ -«M, "'0” .lJ\ .' .1 _ Juflzrj _ '0 Q. .~. ‘4. .a-M—v —-—--’ -\... dun-m —-—~« “”w—vv" -tudes of $3 on Afi he -dren. 3 \I d H: FU‘I 71 T1 0' arg‘ IX. ’ Combs, '”or\ J . id i . 131 C _ t I A 1') 13 CC 1" 1')“ hi] \ I C )Bd "J- p I (I\ C hducafixxfia 61 33. ,IJ'Lr‘rjjr .n.CnTel C1 2? ° . ., 1». .. . C m- ,, - ~ 4-1-1].— f.‘ (;ILI‘J'< er-TZ" IJ . , t"(31-)97‘1' , J. ’ (3_L1d.DC)J’IY‘\:nW _, 2-0L ’ 1‘ . ’ u . C 1 - — NP 'hr ' act of LXCCC‘MCQCC? Lgnectzncy and Tvnw 1150rv 131101’1u1 tkwl}gmjbaule Ckuiurrerix: 01'1xxture , 71, 22 «226 (1967) JO\“.‘_"1"15:‘3.1 Cw“. 5:3(10? ILL "ffi‘x’C‘, 1‘10 10'2“! “4‘.— -—.—.—--- _—---~—__~a-.m—- ——\——- — ”--- -—-:.—.- -.,_.—__.4-‘ -.._.....‘. --.-_, --_ -:‘ _. (‘1 O" (‘- (It. (‘ .r» 131 31 dlgwugiCa . . . . - 4 r5. -\ r“. a a" -' 'J r. x v r‘ 1". ‘- f)" \ .“~, ’ (’3) " fl (‘ -.1111.11u1. 2 .,1::C1L(u,1nn1l 1.-1?01 1 .. 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"r L A ‘ l\1 K I x - g 11.1 ..vC. O. J‘JLAJ 3111-1111 ILAL) LLJJ 1113‘ - .. - .. -- ~_ .— gov—vv-s - —-\—-—v~v-vv _, / '\ ..1. ‘— 7 n1.— -~-- ."-\-I " 'l‘ '1 , 11p1b11111x1111u13911335 \19fl). :11 Roscnikg14 11., TatCW““ "CW”T SCl1—filfitflilling C::: .:111“L}131? 31:2.rT3] 0 13.13 0116. 1*11 :1 ‘tilo 1111;03‘9‘t<>1“v 3413 ”"QCV . 11i3111f£l7é¥11111T”?’T1fi31(NJ.Elf-ifilsllifiéél 1:15.: .11 ‘r‘E Elf-1:311}? .0 t 9 I" 9 ) /i”‘/‘?Z ( 1-91 V) o 1hu Use of Nonvtandard Enclish in Tiw chi mg: a brgikjs: : CATP‘?" s :31 Ccnmpfirjx3wn. 1n.}“1°01A~~|~ , . . t _ , C . \. 205-9'f}1 Kw L) -4 I \ _l. I,‘ \ I . . 'Y'.‘ [1 v‘.‘ 1.! .- ' r ' \ E 1,. z " . 13‘ w ‘ . , "fl 4“. r-- "L-\ 1:) l . ’3. : l" J- }:J-rrjxplf \: 6 y (7-5-:J‘lfilffg [19 , {11h 1.11-03. J. , .an. 1‘1T.'5;‘u1n._: th he 304.01 .1. L13, ’r‘n / . {1.0 | N _ I’ll'> (-.. ¢._ ‘ - _'V v r ." ‘. _ fl r. _l‘ ‘ i - _('b ‘ -L ._ 01 lauJJJLorgl LidffiplnLLC “JgLruzrean.us. 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H ,2 I: 70 "1—11 Arxzorwiingj'to }1is 130*}191,(3hi]-i'g ---- ‘J‘ - ~-- I V\: \_r - r- 1" CODNJJJI? u“)! ‘/ .'EC'I-Ilhgll o :C. Cod-L -FC‘I‘ (.11. €3,513 Of CITE? ' \" ’ " W ' ‘- '., ‘r’K ‘ . 'r‘ 'p: ‘.’ . ‘ r " : vmis In.chn ,a.d rmm:uxriu.€.rmmr ],lWQ(,tiC'n59 }Mr Lo 1" ‘. ff. :-/ .- N .. ? 1-~ " l 1.! ' . .', 0 'p" "‘ A; vmu3_u1 a car'erwrxaoui \thi no vaa: JUUI v. 0 :H;~‘~.' fi~'*.. ' ‘1'\f¢ a. ,M“ ., w an: J..L L“)- ....) ‘1: hi C .- r L." .1..,,. 2. .'-\ .' oidwor'r'u: Luinni JJl LJTJS it E; '1’/'3”) is '1...m'n,\'—-3‘C);:“ am] 1'1." fm'iji‘lcr‘ i", ’1'3"’L‘T!C;\."-L:1VP. GOus 53rd icrk during in? mugme: 1nd odd jobs He is frequently gona from fihe home. Thv work anC recoivcs A.D.C. The family is very have moved to I_ q ‘1 13 meniairy chilxi is cmxrrmxrtly c: 1)!L (i irx'tho His ihe seems to tx>:fialling other childrer. She grade this fall. A he 6079119. Re is jusfl‘ in a readiness class and receives Chxririg 'thez dffij 1\r CL- 3:: bcjrjll ni()llbth_). 1770111.: :19: . 12 oti103? se farrher 1 .- -.. .. QCVQiOumcnt was Nson.ia W’hcn he very inailthy. 1 1" (‘ fill.) The mnthpr in the viqtcr. 00nd grace. arid not feel he will achievement test beginning to read. iwrioru‘ivrz lquTU“"G . Illll‘lliklllllllillnllllilvlr [I'llllll‘lll'll'i ir'l 71 .Ac“ y hequ -nm--- N - K " \ i . . { J$:J.L.J l_l.IJ-Lk1‘:k4‘ I‘\IJ‘.‘\'.. ..LJ 1/ [T "‘1‘ \|~(‘\‘r\ "? 1~~ ~ I) iULLLfl H: li"lk .\ .l L — L—I .- .. \4‘ >")' 1' r" ,_ A .‘ , ‘ ‘ ,‘ G.rx}lal)l): LLD:C:C1-I- C-(\K1:,CL|;_1C'{1 r“-~ . r. 1/ . .1 1 \lrr' m .‘r‘n'-r\]* r142" r) “' )v‘ ' "In ‘4‘}" fr T'“?"f\,f\‘ {pkg} 1113.:3 Oil]..-u w'anfl »_.~.'J_J.l. (....1 DE: 1 Lx LG.‘ lzluf] 'JJ Pic Ufj)‘ -C;AJ\/“f‘ -L {v - a -. ' . ‘7‘ — \ .t ‘r- ‘ ~_-»._ .' ~ - "' .- . ~ ‘ ‘ .x .'1 -!‘ ,. -“ "I 2o.. /‘ ,.‘ ‘ 1 '1 LR: t.."('.’3‘ ‘hg'tfi " LC}; (ALIJ‘ iii}. L.iL-‘.CJL U.L wit) pizzgfillefijifly' {JILQ l {DUFF HELL; ‘3 ‘L . .. “ ' ‘ ‘ “ ‘N ‘ , Y. .r‘ ‘1 7.11 .11 ‘ ° d ,_ LC. be lffliJCfnl. w.fir°Jil1'~M1u.I..<: Gu~34. ”.1011 LDC; 0111] - \Izs ‘ r Y" r— \ v ‘ \ '0 n ‘ (T O .4- . e‘vrou mufiu;s 011 L. H'S 8?;fi a- n "wit—Lnovn ncoiaurLo it C“‘ : "’fl '1 '5'?“ i ‘- "‘é n (7 -'. u r'n‘ (\"PH'S ". u ‘- mar -" r“ v‘ r. r.';'-":.[ .’V‘” 'i W" .1" 7 .1; d"! a 105; L.-‘_!. k‘ 7-1.5 (— ‘ Ix “1...; ~'..l.54,;’~.‘.us. . a (4;) thx V ..L, ‘."_ ‘1"...4. 3.; .‘...".’. .L :LILQWJ'JBV . .0 '--_Q J ..:-:_~ A- .~ v.1— 1 .- .. -. ...h. . ‘ 1‘ i -l- '1- 1.10 L: f; l- L.» ‘. 3.1 : .‘ZC‘U L.- 5311‘...) Obi‘ L; [...-n; L11 .4. I-L‘.‘ \7..1.;.'. L}: git“ (”HQ LlQ HOL; \.’;.‘.,i-_g. - ‘- - v.--’. I‘v- --' "' ~ , ' "~ \ r.,- ~‘-.- ' ';.:., ,- 1~- 4‘1“" -t It. " ». Us. u“ .1 11'? .Luh'f. 4‘10 0.1in LA ELL lair- .1,1:.'. (-.L.I’.?1=.L on}. 131m. m1° x-w: ..i m” ~+= »+:v~ f.~' v “" '“ t Lilli} C.Liic; 1m.” :1 KWTJ“ a.,u3..oi-«u SJALJHV. ruis 'RQJTcTI s r~ . F “ n4 \ \ \ {x} J -. r. ,-. r) ('4 k‘ . 11' J o‘- ‘1" ‘ V\ 1.” \ )it ." v \1 (“.1 F1 "I $4 t~ /‘ ‘\ .1 : Ll \ L i-) l .‘ r 1 L‘ i l L» L o \ 1 K) s/ . I t J L - 11-H‘ ‘ A A (_. K (L i 1 g .L ¥‘( ' ‘1' t \V‘ \A' ’ 23 . -\ ,.. i "r I '“3 u I "‘ 3"“ ‘ . (V C‘fxi" ’\f\.1 r'l‘mf‘! )1. L)‘ 1, AK) 1:" 1LAA CL’J- K k-‘ -..Ivk\ CA. \ ..Lg’”. A .411 11(J1) I, J 1.1 v I ‘ " 1‘ u . 1 | 'L ‘ ,' 'L ‘ . n . “ " W t” z . ‘ x_. .1. '] Dv(wJu:F q xi. LquI‘ no; «A) Meiji. ixm' ,LJiJ.€J arocmfl. Sul -. ‘ ' v . ( v ‘\ r —) 'V'fi . V r L ‘ 1 J' -. nf‘ (I r) fV f‘ ‘fi q ( “‘v "1 '1“ ’ , f‘ 1‘ J O. (*1 COolLJL "sJ 1.1‘ ’J- ()4. L).1O[ L: 1) 1f -- (‘1A(A "\ l. JiCLtVQ 11‘ in" CD * ‘3 L—1 \ V , o f‘. 4 ’J m“ ‘. x q 3-! .J ‘\ 3 {‘3 \\ LJ': (1 *1 HI (—I "l '( ‘ A In .1 Ho C1 :5 (J r %’ :LJ 1 ,..3 Ci - “ .) CL ,..L 0 "VI \J 'r__1 Pt . - .‘.- ‘ . ..t .1. - . a -.r‘ .- . ,- :~, . ‘ . .. ”Ami..." , .' _.,- ~ OIFLhLCH? ~e:p}x:ai, JIM} OJ. Lin: i.u111¢; HUflnLtLLo \IiLii hiui. 110 218 v‘ r._ . o _. K W‘ ‘..\ '_.: 'i‘: _ a never ioitxnmflla.oau3bi Lfl. This Child has been z.trcnoinc a school for the ortho- Yae sn3c1vss lecnvcrr 'tliaii 'LElc C)U}1C21“ ciii_l(Erw311 zzn(i ::}1e 5: S‘p:zc as) accompanyin: ieL‘r‘uuion. Sh \ 1 e royorrcd ”ha chilo is very '3. According to the .__l. J i9 arzfuL ano will not try many -ctifivi teacher", in,- coors only ".".-'}'1r:..‘t is. mirzimmllyz raqnired of him. \ 3 .' ,- M: .- , .. .4- ,: .. - -. v n ~- J Cal v.01. up L C: .' O): G en .49)? 3-11."; {“1“ '3 3“ -.' W flu. 1fi(> f“. r -. ~vr‘, {} I) \ fiw'v‘x'} fi‘!‘/) ‘f r‘ ‘ H: (1'-.. u = ' 2:1,? LOLA) ‘ .1 u 1 “‘ "‘ . .- ~ -- ‘ -. r V r " “. ,‘r‘ I" "x A. - ‘ "W P) ."‘ .f- \. 'l' : ”j ‘~ .' . 5)::JJCHJ.L. .'~C." l\i_fi()~r.:.l.\’ (1&3 Q. 'Ilirfiu ‘)CL/1(: ().L C) E; L! ULJC~ l1 tJ31161. ] l I I a .0 , ' teocner LUOL Ia .\ :1 _ ‘ x ’. . \ |_ 0' A . . > "_ '7 § hp 1701le1 SEC Cl: C‘- bCJI‘..f-‘,‘."JLF?. L .|. (NIB! 1’1 kn]. I _4 ‘L’L‘ "‘ f. ‘ H tsxr Y“ "l‘.’ . \.‘. vv ~ 1 “- v" 'p‘V'L ‘ ‘1' ‘ . \ \ Fibbclluufl Enauinl Likeluhg C>-:-I.'(lr he (—meand school. ‘ (.‘W V""’V":‘lr‘1’l“V’v ‘J—z‘.lo-.}Tq‘T-" (If LI‘L‘J llingkllik; Ikl—«Jrle'i .JLI ( \~‘ w‘ r: ' \ - n.‘ " T—l .. . 1" ‘w' J <. ‘- . r J— \JJL¢L4JJJ§ .fi H UH .111 S:I(:IEC'\) m ‘ an -" ‘ -- Hi” i \ 1‘.‘\. '~ v: -' . -~,, m ”VJ- ,. j r‘. ~~‘-.-n 'L . ‘ P 1L9 Lobher mas hm¢bl© LO ngQ C(Jhlcbfi QBVLLOPMCHD hlstory for th;3 child. She said she fclL film vaeloymcnt was normal compared with her other four Chilurun. He had the usual c}11113hk¢3$_ d?.:cm:pc:s. flflae Inoim;e:"s sin: max 3 vzcrr2 \1013/ \nagjle. Severn] arcacnhation error: were no cd in her Speech and, at {mine furry}. 'l 11:21.01';{_'p‘mmJJ4 Ill»); \zllkl fl.[.t»a".'3u.1.l '. I! . .. .l R w: ll-lw This Child developed normally until he W98 about two and r time he had a very High fever for t. :3‘ p: 5...: L..Ll (“A ‘1 ' y; f: "‘3 h" v. 0 H I“ y, n O I p (’7‘ d 1:" \‘I . CT 3 serue (3:132. he was seen by the. doctor l'm't the doe'tor oid 1;<>i, 4.3LJl 1 t ‘thS rxei,a.;s,34?3r {,0 htiejii-uc.lius,e Iiin . 1.1e j elfttf - 2 a. 7 . .- 7 -.. ._ -' -. , v-t- - -2 ..r. q 4- - ' SLAJ5i1u3( Eufll i}m3 eem:tol Vuflo 1H)o oculasi.1ed. 1L.\wle IlOu IUlLlJ. fi‘ - 1'. -‘ >~ '. 1‘ "t“. ‘r‘ r’ r .' ‘ -_‘,, w I ‘ '5. .1", ' "‘ " r~ ‘ ' “\ a yoenflcr brothel lefifihel one age 0; mwO or LHFeC that the ff: 7‘ (311+ f: .f‘D 1"f‘ Y‘- to “"‘ (“+3 m :2 4% '3 '1') “r 3 ‘n 7.2er“. ‘ r‘n‘w'an " *“k.«'-—- o‘ ‘.r\} /\.z‘k”.k.‘ lJJ s"..L\/L 1"“; ..k.4.;-J .Ll) Li'd\ '\-_L\. 3‘"..\,’AL \2‘. YUKON thg; ChfLJU ‘g,’;;f3 i'WjJ'Q hi8 1_'£-‘1,‘I.‘1'}C‘;1I‘ Ob't'izl'lled a new 301) .1._ -. .,r . .-‘. ... m. 3" v.1". ,°A‘ 21.310. 10 ’ 11:3‘..’(:\-3. t0 LDC (:82... 1-119 Child 6:11 \IS)‘GC1 111 found to have an I.Q. of 67 at that time and was placed in a special eiueation class. The eifiQUl is verg’1fiUM13anlianui helzful, )Ie gets alfimu; well With the other Children. he does not like physical activities and is overweight. he 1&8 received language therapy two days a week for one year. Within the lasu six months his ‘ teacher has reporteo periods when the child iuet “sit, and 7 stares. 75 CASE hlStCRf REQULB FOLTEK f: II—l5 AG”: 7 GRADE: 1 lflli (:hifild 312;; sltrx c1exw>logxzerrtefitl;‘. Eie ssetz a1; hljle xuorrth:;, \Hll}?‘d zrt (éi{jatcx3h Inozytimz, Eflld Séflffii 3maniiigffill \vorw 3 ext ‘tvzo 011d. 3. Ya li \f(:e:e:: lit: vxa(: £1 "IC‘R'L‘I [:3133'. 115:3 Sizer;- mOtner reported he hue who: in. eoo h, UWPMJJ, and several allergier. his step othcr r ported Ieeojnfi oeotlere and said ‘th: chmetor‘x :3 cm WV'AIDLJQJ e1¢gifirhf his:;for hzle. .At iflzree years h be pen having seizures. Ilmeer SQlZUVeS hogan with sfliori; 1337254: oi? CCHU‘CTC"“' 3:; afii oavvelxxperi irrto {yrarul Emil 3.31.2112‘er‘. 1Ee ix 1:0“ .scmii.e:=i;itg:. f?CH:1T Ki. mag. :1 detgr 1’03? 't} e :36e1:?113?e '3 2:51o. a1lilzgi";,ia?:i. The chilo'" parents are CJVU (Cl. They had two older Chile“en VHO liv Lh tleir mother. Who mother does hoe eeeert this y uhgeet chili awe he lives with his father and stepmother. The child is in he first biode in a regular “chool system. He repeated klnfierfiarthh. Hie teachir rep-r' the medication sec-ms to help control his seiburev. Le ha; about two seizure? a vwmeht is im.rov1h*. I? C) FOLDER \u\ .0 1-4 F—w' l '.——4 l C‘ '- "- '7 ~ ~ A ., —, ._. G Infiru'; 3 C C 7. (_; f, l C {C(- 11:39 ”'3« -.- ‘ 1 r-' ~“.a . ':~2$'w IDI‘ i u lhle child s oeveloyment was elsehtly TBLaIGSQ. he walked Pl. ' V‘ \ )-I. A. ‘—4 ‘*rw r “ 3' ~ "' ~‘~ ‘~1‘\ "rl; ' f" : ""j ‘V ‘ "'.‘ " l-O. 11:, (lzici (13.0. flCltl xgrsfgiii LLJ.L}1K, xxx); CLC' 1uf327flllli 11:11.1.1 11c: VHIS: ifllzvniz. };e s:ti.ll_ (>x1;il:itxi eV -‘ ' J' '. tmmmuh»; o; hie quxnc. Ihe mye1e11crrgiieioh ftnurxiio CV1 F-v k\ 1’) (h r!" r - -. a . v.54: -n.. u ”Awe-.1: .'. —, - . ' .-+- -»‘ D '4. ‘ 4’. “In? SIN-3:- 31 C-.L.LI1.LC3.:‘-I1 S {Mar-«Caolhl’} com-US...eu C‘s- EL 14:37.!C’ 'i% ”‘1‘. ‘ Y‘F} . }, .fi" \‘L 1“ \“\ n‘\ . .1 7 1‘ \fl W l" x ”(J 4 q 1 r ' I ‘ ‘ . . I“ ‘ .ul‘I‘ '19- ,- If} 1‘ r1“: (J- “1.. C. u \ all] ‘1. ;. NJ uh“ ‘1 l v 1-1. \.l 'L ]-r11()1h-_4L- .-«emc—‘kair-L ’ N ’ ‘9). If 3 (~ . " P3 “ -' 1" ‘ 't . ~ 'l . v V." ". . . 1 J "\ ‘ ‘1’: 1r lea -“1 a .1l;‘glcz CLH‘C ‘x. , . ,. '. H, 1 . .' 1, - ,.| :‘ .5 . '_ ' - . Lulv kAJUl‘ I 'v CU'F'TJ LurJ? 1 Ltf.]‘u_ u’ 'C) O'EIC? “W‘LIC It y ‘)v: rs- r} r v ~ g‘n~1 r-x 3n .; . . P ._’ W'.‘ . .._,‘1 ] Pvn 1.14— 'Iyr'\ ( y 8 A, c 1; C- u-L,thwrl-A p uh 1m Cl , a - - , 1 1 ,_ . ‘ I". \ ‘ m . .- .. . r . >- .- ‘ -' -‘ l ‘ r. , ' .. L 1-: (.11 C V13}. 3.‘ L3 ()1.ij ."fg‘: C. c I - . .. - ,V 1-1.. . _‘. ..., .. r‘ lLEfVLB 'L}11;:C Cl'i: lfivfl 110;;c (>1 ..... I ‘ J ' ’ + "1' ”\"fi '1‘ : ‘n l' w ’ “ x "\ ‘ 4 ' ': l . t, 4‘" Thegrlurwe \muxtfl lwfl? onllx. LO EnJJt 3J_:xucclwllw;ps. - - .1. ' . -‘-~..—. .\ ,.1, .1- -1. , 1, ' _‘ ‘ r v ° r,‘. . .._ 2 F Iw20cuxul;; lqulhifllJ L4) 1411:, L] LUlAf. J11U31 rin,o: LCJ . . M ' \ W VmujlquHbJ. ..Ocmea Lut whpn pro: (- ‘ x .r‘ > 'V .4. -. Hit Oelfiqui. he slaw vxm: eswecflgglly tlué ucnull 1N2?“ {mun ta) loxul nc>h_;2:, JE) "are not concerned. Me didn' fialk three but talked in short vhruses ar sentence The parojta rcluctvntlx admitted that he mti 10?. He in reaponding however until right .11 Sb ;: IP‘Lbe coy. J9 .1 . ' ‘ .,.,— . my his nlmo O «N .-, ’ r- "4 Illetj"). ‘i'J()-I Ljh" I L r...J ..1 t—J l- -"1 ‘1‘ LI 5-,, ...) 1“] F ~ g A E (.1 l L T5 L—- l ) L_J I r— «‘3 LL ant to be some» to voices. and he Wis ”'MS in short ‘L \ -. -,-1 . -.--— niiK’h‘WLi'. mm 5.0;? l [ "\ r‘ ,‘\ J .21}; (V f‘ - A“ ‘1' ’ ,- 3) (5‘ ; s ) . .'. f') 3. K ’ A 't O'tC-Z l Lr~rxn .. 4! -Llj“..’ w ,‘“ ("i-“‘9 E1153 Ci‘iYnL "77"}UJTIF \Ili‘JgJ fi"(‘~ T“,"_" I," - v r) _ 1‘ k}.1‘z./J..o-' ,.r: l J_‘L.:D AGE: 7 {'1' -. ‘1 " . I. . r" ‘ "LN '~—\-r rI' -‘ 5‘ . ‘. ' .-nv\¢~ . ~r -- 1 MA; Cnljfll la 1AA; yOWVMmhst of JLLLr CFMJLL an. }hsz otheL‘ 131‘,“ "t” ‘1‘ r\ 1". r‘ f‘ p" - r‘ .1 C' J." '- rx f1 I) T". A '.~ on “I -. '3‘ “x C‘ 1 (- (3 L \ ,\ 1 .l -_\ Pg‘ f\ 1; -. (i “ (‘) '1‘ 1" E“ 7'5 5" s .L ’ (.k‘ 1 I ... |.J ‘1 \z ..- b} C.’,_- Kc _L11. 1-,}. .'"—)‘Il l’CJ ) (U. CC.o .‘L. Suki . .‘LJ- i.) n. -- LI..I ,.5. V r‘ . - l r" - L . r q. 1‘— - , ~ ,‘ -- -‘ v '4 ‘ v ‘ \3; 1n her egrlv 403L199 'hnw he VLL bo-q “no th LaLrir ya“ ‘1 - -. r I‘ 41—. F- ‘s " —., ' — I ‘ ‘ 'r‘ ' - ’_ - A f‘ ' ‘ ‘I " . ”J ‘l A .' n Ixro; )flr'w . Lyn: C}Lle_‘VCJJThQ(l Le1u_ IK>Uwph. a1. bLI Ln :u.o vaLs _ .1 ' - .4 -. a c U I " I u —‘ ‘ ' ‘ _ 1 . s r ,f ‘."\ P\ w ’ ." 1‘ a '1- ‘~ ' ' \ 'i 1' ‘ i" ' l f. '. - - "‘ -.. .1- I. ‘r‘ I. V ’ . ' 171:1'L1Ck) 3‘}, (all ,Lllcllk-‘. L-("L 1"““1J'|t\.‘-!,.‘,l’. 1 t "131'; \.i(: L‘Lf) A‘L_LJAC(J. t}‘u'—j.t hw ‘r-‘1.‘ r r ru—Wm: * “firm“ ‘3 "73/“ (i ]r"“'“ J 1 ‘Jo C l ‘A - - \L ‘1 ( ‘1 V ‘ \~ - ‘ -l V . - I‘ , v i k, (v v ‘I c I k; | . J :4 \J ‘_ gt a \) J “ VJ Q, “ I ' ‘ I" 1’ -.‘ p‘ v u . ’ "‘ - ~.~ ’ I axzwoALr LL13 [HQ or hgs fw‘gl 3.,LU Ln b' hrLuLteL. I3 I»? bf i f"\_-Ca') v (x v ‘L "W r~ ~ 1-. r~ ‘ r. 4‘ or "I n ' , .‘ '. h (w \ "L. A" ‘ 412C -1-- L.'., (m k .. t: k ‘1 , 0;! lute: Iv ‘ ’L v L LI It . .‘LLL‘L: l \ wiJJJ 'L'- V- .Ln ’t“ r- “ ,"("W” ‘, -:‘m '1 -"r\.-\m } °. rv‘ -C' ,~ x--t“ -\ "r 'Al- "‘7 ,. -- 'nil’ flu); L-J. 'JLL L. .1- U4 L1. .3 .5. C 21;- .l C1 21:53. 'L’. U_L‘,.J_ . g ‘ .‘ “. r. Vn i P ." A. N 3 ' 1V 0 'fi' fi . '1 l q‘ V hr ’ pLCMJLrZL h1.w “()Ler‘LLeeLJLeL Lo (LJLL ..a‘ LWL» so :Lhe (‘CJJ LIthU " r: ‘ ‘ I ’. - ‘ I'A 1 I ~ \ -‘ "' ‘1 1 THC“ p L17 ”’2 VJ: L11 hi I Ch- LLCL . Lhe \sL'wa ( )I‘L.‘ LLLLJ UL}; W1 on LC Cf LJ (1 ‘| a 3‘ \‘ 11 ... v! ~ -" I \ — v ‘ : - 0L- .“ . _. .J.. " . (~' ‘ ‘ ‘ ~ . r‘ - . (IULLJHg ILLS 510.41 SLL ,C-, Ln Lhe }1o3}LLLLLL. L2ne xzoaJL: re ;e to c and sp“ved by the child's be ei<;ie. She would boson sleepnn: in the child's ro_n 0 The other child? n were unuhle to have iriondr in the house and could not touch the baby. When *he fathir suggested the L4. :1. J O O r... A”. \ P44 ‘ 3—1 0 C (- 5r f.) H I A K. 0 h.) C} F r—- W ..4 L—Jo ”5 mrther was really erinl It'll! <32 1¢nn tho hou.o¢ Tho yzrcuis are now divoréod and the o‘hcr 3311.761 on 1.33."th 12111.11 13:93-3 ff. 3.3'1-11‘0 ‘31“;‘r’1 ’51:? (3313.13 "Inst '/_3r35"‘a.~:3 ‘an hor‘pntxz. :7 yum-(,hizatrial; 533523;»: x-xi't. his Itzoihzsnn ‘61»? '2“.‘(")'U'LCI‘ 2":73'1F“.L1:‘,7 c:c.n'L:C'L-‘2L:sm1 extreme Uml’t fuel. : r1 3:3... ESL-1M: (‘QLHQ not F???) how her €.‘L"‘.L‘,n“iL-;°.on could TH? ha'LXEILL‘L” hair) Sitar}. hti‘..-;2»’u'z‘. ’L'he o]:-:-'c1 <3iL3 not '13::13; LM‘L..L 3;- 1’1: :5: 12113560 \CWC!].(21. Him FCChnfljfl“ 3*111 "r- vcvy lLHltoL. A 3330 test affiiLifitQE" 013 "1.11;: '1'.-'C5,"‘<~LE§ (so I‘CK’Gfi-Eli‘w a scoma of? 73. CASE H13 TORY RFSUrW _U LHMR fiW 3311-21 AGE: 7 CNLJL 2 TWaiL; LiLijspi 330 IV3D 1733-’thTCW3 Ofwj“ati 1111111r‘1‘, , 21111 17171 b J 0 he aesn 't talk " ‘ ‘ ' F < r- r a ‘ - tr (“‘2 r ‘ ~ - ’ “on )L: HUGH 1»: FTWhJ‘C a. :1 101C1-111010 nmxs so mu: ‘1? -\r\m V "'.I‘ ' P-\. ,I 1 a -' V".". . ‘ . ‘ . 1 De Lao bGVGidi 1110 as 1D eCnool. A psy0n0115M1111 hvs much but 4-x 111.16 I \m' 1 .~! Af‘L 0. chi: .1“ d '1, } EJRHP". thafi year olds C V 3:1 luation actLHLl abJJ showed an I.Q. of 1H5. The psycholoriat rCDor Cod tMI this score night Do "11*Htly lens than the Chili's 1Wua Chilxi'aas 1nw18u3313rzatiC~1tfi_ve CMy~i ytr’thc TJwit quiclzly to 1m1: ide: a. , ELDQ caught (an. 1 Q t -liy‘ Oh C“ "i .‘ A) A.) CA ’3 L. I I Tether repormod 1--'- 'r\ : """ . °. 1"“ 1' " -..’-‘ f\o ‘ . r ”(‘1' fi -\ .LJJl/C 1-]-1_:.C.I11?:= 1.111:11 11<3 tfcifs 4.x)1lI 11763"; Elein. 01‘ "‘ “ .’vt L)! J L_‘a WE O 3. d . r l chilv (‘1 C‘ of supérior cveiopmeht was .- . - . -. - -- '1-) b ' 81 »4(.‘.—CJ‘ t [.5‘ 19 T! 1|? ILL) (’1 I»; l \ . 31.3 8:; 1'1 "‘1" dr‘ ‘r 3 "’1 "F -'~ 1 m '° " "r ‘ T“ "V" ‘r‘ A r. «I: 1 (1 .- r‘x 't'h'r' a" "' .' " IVE}: ‘ F. +31 V‘ "‘ "' t‘ C:»JJ&:r_L1~._L1:" (:2. .31."; L :Dfl .1.011L:.1;1;n (Jul l}..)'\7\a qu HO; O 01.3.; ,,!_1_'.>. 0.1..) ct. . "Lib” " '1" ' a: w 1711 1::r‘. U ' 11 r"\ \vr- rer‘ ".rari " -' } ~r r' ")1 "" TN" " .JL'A C U] _|1' f 1.x: ‘(;_‘) (3” ‘?'\;.\. {D \t- \j __ 3/ !_\, , J_ “‘11“, (4.1.L 1.11.: i)"~)r . m1,- ‘ . f o -1 3 .r- ' - ,. rm- ' - .L. . . ' ' w - .- C, L11Ld .18 2: 31121115r 01. 11gzu. 1:-0 ()LCLeSC. cleiu 15: 31): 9111 t'r‘ r3 -' 1 '1’ r n ’1' ' P [NV-"r1 r3 'r1‘ ‘1 HP" WM». ’1‘" 1" “1.1.1..“ "1 ‘Y‘p .’f‘""" A ""1 ’LE’ 0‘ t r" ("A' '1 N 11;. 301.111.721.11; 11) ..1. CH; 1.1-1.1..11, .L 1:111.ng :51 -- {:1- VOCAL/{1.1 . C) IUHJ -11 ‘0 11511 V '1'-1")”.‘33 r.) at u local 11y. in.D. ca 1T1) rnotrmzr ix; jlh t ibrais1flxfig Ian M MitCHT's ciapdv c. S to get her Eh.D. Th0 oldsCt CLild is in an accc in a Duw1‘c ¢CL“W.1 This Child in also a canfild accelerated clansss. outjrm11xybtery Oi'yxflfifll to have an I.Q. l‘ ("L L! (a .3. . ' Y 1“ . “A '1 4,. r wd10110 Bufl DH? he also plan: ierltcu 01:93 .L for sfmnved (ligilii Ell €33;C}}1 f IiTCiZEJLTEC .FLUJJH7I'f: '[II-«QL O (Phin (filild‘rsxfiofPr o d“‘KJ“lb‘d lmim (A: a “ }3.:€:J’L .1' (\L‘\ “ Flo 533.: F 1"Jl(? o‘t fli'X' Incjr;1:lu: , VIZ ano 933% bio firot mrwniw*£vl vord at about 2 F1” Thu U“u_l Childhoofi filo; vrg for “ boy PL «‘5- I" A l 3 #~ . r~ ' r . “Pr“ l)'_. 1;“ j }17””‘ al‘”:,';, FIE-1'" M" "1.0: .h “1"‘1’ C- .1. '."()V‘,’\ (NFL ('l 1“ f) r' .1 (1+2. “’- f1:' (I‘I‘O'.’. ‘- ,“ n r“; \lr1~_- 1 3‘] V ”" r‘knC‘v" .L L. \.-4 . L .I.a \J ...LL I g _‘ n, _'\I 4 '1 1‘ L I) J 4 (\ Liv...» Al , _' ’I - r I ‘ ...L. 4.1, ‘ ,l.‘ ' II, t'I'Hl'A pr;!.i-( v x’Y] ’«r‘(2 L} {'1‘-l k‘lfryr (LC) DJILI.‘ \ 1r“ m ' 1 ’ . H ' - f r 1 " V! "i \R . fathi‘c _4 117 P. C1'\r,‘l mm M "H" ‘ C “Laiic‘ } 01.,1" 7" 38 ‘1 0 v (a .. OLOWI-I. teacher A F) 53 (NJ 5.1 ») Ho 'fi J- C r. 5—: :9 "3 n- F:- (—1 >4 5—.1 ,J :4 ,3) CT 0 ‘1' O i "1 O W FL, I_.‘a ' \ .4 tkwrt tiwwzlxo C(Nlld Iflfllfl irxza prw;m:ry wauior vrj He n w r3568 a good year above groom level. ootifion 01 any kind, our 1S a loader. he mischief. A routine psychological Toot given school revealed an 1.0. of 1 ~' ,-.' '1 Al ‘1 ‘-’\ ‘. ‘1‘ :' - ‘-\1‘\"" n‘ ' :J.S c.1l.l(1 xz( o cmx' U-théLz ,er IllLLCuuffJ' stoll<>o perfectly normal, ' .1- lkod aL a year, year. He has LL 31d the mother roocn Lod that at th ima‘ errors. He is he ppy, enjoys im offlon 1n .1. for entrance Lo l C“.(\ 'L“ ’1:ll,"\‘Tl ' *~,_",“'.". "‘\ .4). .7 1 ‘. C41— 5;);4 ...LIJLk/Ikl. A‘.)-nJLJu.JJ I'W" \' 3'") ,‘L ' 1‘ K1 1-1.3.1-... a [I : H ” ( 76 he fir it czthLC (T: a; vrzrv ijLUl§§(ZOLq3_e. Ei: TfilS a. €,iryt(:r‘ VH1C> ii; 'Lhi‘ec: \*c€:r:% olui. iii 3 1xLIW§fVL€3 VJEITQ Inairiiiiad . L "3' -cioro the child W&p born. his iALFCr obtained a job as an zapprwx1oioCs Ln o,1“ \ I" r‘ \-.| L- ‘I‘ 'v v \4 r A J l . - - n. -.- I -. ‘ (... IJ . A,L. J~€t -» KI A L' .I ) Q -.‘ r. .l— ,.. r \‘H .3 ' “Y 1 J '1 ‘ - ,-‘ _‘ V . ‘..‘ A. 3-1}, x‘ CA LI (Q ,1 I, O..I$.:J VIA-.1."; AIJ? ' I50 ‘.‘. I) x71\(firj1‘1v.!r‘ 71" \7’ “L! 7h V xnrm' 1/ ,s LA \,I \1 1. 4 . l. _.‘. --..£.‘ .. “v C. L! \' \_' ~ 1“; I - I I ' O c 1‘ I , ,_ . f ._y ‘ ‘1 ' ’WW" . _ ‘ y” (”.3 ‘ 3 _; L l 1‘. I) v I K.) I’ll}. LI I L L ("A . J V. ‘1. ' .c.‘ g ['l " : n .I ' 3 | " I II‘ "‘ \ ‘ '\ ~ ‘ -. "' ‘\ .LInB CL». If: 5-3 13* ‘.'II'-', Hr"- (mu-'1 r‘ -—- I \~.-,—A‘-r'I \ ~: ..4. Fj'l‘ IX "I ‘\ "C7,: ‘.:,\»3,1;t'-:_’:{,;_ uh. J): (\,’\ .I r 'I fx ‘-"1 I r‘, w r., 5‘ 3* f'. (‘- '~ ; "~ .I x-I' ’ "1‘. \l \z I- ‘J .AL— ‘ ' '. hy’ “5), 2K1 4_ I) (A. K‘ '\. \J ,L. ~ -I. x) ‘ .. . . . - T .L' .4. . ' - Ilf'f‘w” uS {gland MUTE} 0.! LIM'L!“ . , .L 1 ..1', ‘ .1 . _\ . I H ,' _ '3 a} or Ixfifllfufiu 1 (lb tnmx’xnws 3‘4 '8' r q. I" ' 1’ ' l‘ . (a. (’1‘ ’\~ r I" 3y n3.r thlvl 130. .nmw cTO ‘ . . _ L '1 _ . _f- K“ I" _v_ - ’YV i‘ 7" ’ \, r‘ V )1“ ,‘ r‘ , Ii . LA. .1 .1 Ca k: LI J. \ .‘ l O .‘.. a. 1‘} {J LU” kl K; L-‘ L) p .g “ \ ' .. ‘ "\ r~ mt“ I r‘ v - . , 0::r1JLwl QleNC Emwni suryovz C VITIP find t I0‘I CF” ”“4 _. '4 - ..1 ‘1 «L v .’ . L11 L) :5 “.JA\’. F?“ .-.Ir.) 6‘. 'I- .1. . }{e SL)OI1 SIUJTDazm<'OCI iflgo oljhr‘v f testk- .d TV a psychologist and ob” immadiately advanced n firmdo and : .g. .1. v VA d K, d .f" 0.1. C I: l l. (1 othe chil 118V £721" The 1’4- 5 CTCD ' (win-I, Jrr;.\-' J }?3 ldcg*nqd Ilsigngt Inefln.ijlfrfL 1 ;. va1 be way: a yoga? old 31 At a year an: a half he we collcoo nr16uat3c. The fat (% T3 (J'ILl‘ €23:' }1‘* t4 :3. 171*? (3 le, 1? ' E: (3 r ‘5'.:' C1. ’i'hc-a 0}:le has two “To“ ’Llscr mfi‘th ‘the <3hilxircw1. 39%. “CV” encouragod the Childr“n rCVQTogd ufiif1anfl xl ore S¢ he mofihor roportn” that the O Toll}: l at Child he . 3 . '2‘. CL ") P- l_..' / L44 y—Jo rl’u ‘ v . .F ‘ ‘ L ‘ , ‘ v' _‘ ,.J- . ‘. as CO ncci 0* n1: nrnca (4n :ncl:s. LLS waccrnal ll‘e T'l". :‘AY‘ f“ ';‘()F|1'}1" ‘| 3 37‘(‘ 9'1 h "T-T' ."\ '1 V'W"‘i"t’."t 7"": ’1 l i‘. “"7 (‘1‘ ( ;.. (I ..I.. s: s x \‘4,- k.) _ . \«. sJ 1.; (L .._l. _L$ . 11..» L2,! ’.. ' 5.4. 3. III . .L '("p'x1n .’7VM 'y’ f ' r< '“ x r f} m “l“ . ‘1 p " V] Y) ’3 1 " 1 c . n ' v“ m 'l’ k .3“ V" r‘ 'i r‘. k3" . 4 ”21"»! ' x J. C x; U u _ J L } _ V _‘ J _ ( ) J - k, . . \ 1 I . J \J ' u . J- . ‘_ ‘ O - -A ~ I O — :1 ~\ .I O _ V1 ‘ N _ ‘ letuer 13 a Sp¢c131st Jn dLn LP iLvh Cue Lpacneb Qt “ lWrfiY" 's’L'w' "V" 7'/‘ 'I' \v 1p l w} . r7. 3r" “pm '--w p ‘ 37‘. N' ‘1' L f.. c ..L I: l \ L .JCQ‘ ,1 ' _'\_A \, r‘ \‘(’}T L _, t, :1 Al ,L)\)__,V(‘ . 1,0 LI _' .T- .‘ . , , ,. . . _v. \_,_ 111;rcau c. fld!.fhc c¢113 L11 r L -- r ‘-' ' 1‘ L7 -'\.-. 1 - “the. Ch:=.].,L 1|«-:“ u_J ‘la% \:-; 1-.1 I.'1-; (,.;_I.L(: ; J 3;€a (2:1 1 3-61 J1: &, 2:-L\.:«.§ c: " ,-. « .‘: - . h , . 1‘ w l 1'. 1 ‘ a .- x _ - . ,' . -1- .,.. . 1- a Dccn SEQ cm p0 “a an atalc. “c nca cccn DQJflltaCJ to mane CUnO ' ‘W :1 (" Tlfy‘ (3 'jfw } c< 1 \l‘ .4 (4 ‘2 1" "1 . m ';v‘- {-1 i ' r3 y'~_,' “r :1 1h 1:5 . I“ -' r} Yur. J 0.1. 15).) yt‘uxl “<1, .C‘11.) ._._1,J ‘~ \, MIA.) 1! L) (1')} (a. IPCJ. .4.. 4;)“:1 r)x..J- ginku) ‘ I“ 7’3 ‘ 31* 3'." b I ,1 -‘{“.'v ‘ Y3 "i t 'V\ (2’ “\1t}‘ } r 7"} V“ l"f"a‘.’(* (x‘l‘j If; (33:: . 3 f‘ x ' u‘. (-1 . x - (' nbf.\ C.» {It /( Vt n,/:_,\,".1 0 (AW A.J.\ ,l 11.? L5. U "I \ K, ‘ V"—‘-L‘:," t‘KA ._ KAV kt him 0:, (;,l_ {1]. L'IV. 1. F7} 3" 3 .l (3 'H- 1(‘ ‘\ -‘ ‘ '1 . ”7 ‘°‘ “ fl T‘Tryw‘VP ur- “x 2" . C' 1 \ 1 ‘ar‘wn ' b n” C‘ 't] ‘r.r‘) "\ J. '\,l C] l .I \L \‘I‘s Q GILL O- -s—V\.). ._IJ (\ 1'1\ 1} b:éu)“(.' l \)(o ](/O Vi t‘k, '1 Ix, \4‘ 1k) .1.) '«Iv- A ‘1‘“: ‘ r -. r. . - " ~ ‘n ‘ '5 v i -. «fl ' '- I r1 - 1; 1?OLAc‘rle “p ‘*'}1o-l<: L n13. 1A;b g.»\x7 Iii“! 8J1 1 .CE. ()f‘ lth J}Ie ipgd him a3 extrcmcly Vcrbal. 1.1." ‘ 11, .‘.‘(:'l 1).: \ I (' " v I V} 07.1. !l-.“\)‘1A V 1" r\. "'}'\ ..v‘ II.A\, I] ‘a'ut ‘\ u 1.. ‘I (J J L . , h ‘1‘": i' r,\ u. w; :6- L' f‘ 'Ir' (1 )7‘\ 2a» {7‘1 -I. .l ~..'}n..' (. C: C‘l.l|,~_:_: l ‘ ..\ 3 SCC 051.0. 1 I \ .1“ N x (\[l L‘} “—‘I YT-L r1 Y‘r‘~~ u“, 1'. I. 1" 1“ 1 A1; J J. zJ.‘ \_ ... ;L » x -; JIJ‘ ‘ 1"! l- "— 1:; ) I' O .5. . f / ’3 : n \| 1m \1' w (1 ‘\"“ 1‘ ' | ~,,§ v V“ '1 } r- "‘r: r»- "'} . wt 1» In T ‘ 'I‘Ific‘ ‘7 '. -l .4 C 11.. . v((’_.:‘. (,1 Ff).l.‘~,j(.“t i‘fiik," , ' "I!“ ;\ {I 1-1.1 “: ‘1- n II! ’n L‘JEL}: . Il‘ ‘ -‘ . - ‘ - — r » , . ‘ . _‘ ‘ - l. " . . .- _ .l. (I , " " 3'1 Z13”) (71'1". ‘ " M (.3 .F H? ‘3'“ L" 5.1 (I ‘1 LCTC‘ \‘.'}EE’?'1 h? \"R F" L‘fi’QN R; K’ v_\ 0 ' 3 M‘ '>_ ’ .. . ... . 1 n 3 _ a_ l‘ 0 . _- _l \_ 0 __:_ j _‘ UT” . . 1C7 g‘_i-;(;[‘:.""\‘ 1732.15“ C ‘. ‘ ’.' -'.1 LJH‘JI‘ -LKLF’ CJIJT‘JJCE: a ’ ‘ ‘ _~.'_ _ ’\ L— , _ o < '7‘. ’ r ,1 -> ‘\ . '. : _1'-_" ‘ 1 _'1' - o - x ' ’” f). 'f,1 b1"; Ch I .3-" . 'J'IL‘. H \L in (“1:3 Lu; 17 01 tutti}? ‘- a . ' n, .v ‘.' . --_\,‘.-. .l. . J. .. . ,‘ .I-- -._ 4.1 ' IEC‘. H )dw‘f‘ \ "-‘S. :3- T’ 'T {11% fl «OI-(turf (WM: 129 fat £41193“ .1"- ‘." 71"? ('1 .313 '1 (1 '1 a "i”.j r. (. "-‘ 1‘ 1 (“"a‘f’u‘ r '1‘ }"; ‘.‘ ( J' A -‘\r q‘ ’3 ! 1 F1 .F2 1 1‘) '. (\r‘ .1. e A _“-' , \_. ,,.|; - V v, H 1L, _ _ x k ‘ . \_1 3.1L'(JI', (T ‘;,_I .u-A I; (. g, . ' ’1 " '-" ' , . ,, . _ -_4‘. .‘ fl. . ,‘ ,, ‘..\ A - .' ‘.. ... __ A lib. 11.15. V191,)" " r13 {(1}. VFW) 3; }(TC Iif“"‘" L,\‘{,1I $10: {-.JJLOL-‘ :3 f: r nix). (" (GI .,\.\ x IA 1 .‘_v . . . V.—.-z ,_ _., ,. ,: 3.1,.4. ~ . ."m .2. Au .}° 1 -, -’ r w ”“3 \ -..‘s (3» Muyz.‘ u pung- J‘ :},' 'C‘i.\: L; c (I :110 LIE-mfmeti a. +1 F' ‘ .0 lfl‘h‘) r. M N r' r“; '~ ,» r‘ ‘7‘. a “an-T 3' =1“ L'W‘m w ”-cw ') (* _, ' g. k 1 Jfi. C'.‘ - u x {a (1-1 \_’ '.J \_,-‘ x H. .I Q .L; .' 1;: "V,” \a .’ ' A\.Q C1, -( ' (it: U ".':w" ‘n 3 ""fi "" -" o .; .‘. 1" x . r \h '\ “ 1 ""I‘ N"" ' 't‘ ‘ . ' IV t'-L;';C II ,1 IJIL ‘-I41{.‘ C, jijL .1.(“ .2‘1‘ U .1 E": C,“ ' {I I L) -__ t“L’ 16‘. {EV (,3 n(: C}13 -L‘u. PC“ "‘(a rr‘r‘l‘w" ’ 'I ,z :. _/._ k .1 . a ‘ . .1 '1 ('3 \1?’.‘C‘ 0’1“”("1 h \l) 3. r“ L'(" 1. r\!‘\.i ""H "3 \r f“. } rt ') ("’ }rr , I7" (\ C4 011.- L I-H‘J , [‘1] V)- |( _‘A1 L) .al J. (NJ Ix, V.‘ ( 510. IE, \-(L\) n. (j F V “-1-; - .-r' 'L 't‘ n" . -' J” '1 ‘53-") "I— 1: ' 1" 1’\ TI 3 '. r1 \ '1 r‘ "1"” 1" 3 —‘ g .’1 J V Olltll ‘- HIlgl". C) ‘C '.; (11.1.; U.‘ L ‘J .'J BI‘K'L . . l‘x; .‘.t) Y'I‘L (.3011 L). “y .11} {IYMIC l3ui; rcwidi‘ u;t very ‘- ,. 3-1} L) A I‘OU'L serifmh 1% two .- y ’ i J I \‘. “J \ (ma: gxflxké level” : bu- is well liked by “SF ixwr? rcxwmxlod 2M1 fl O s v A '("",""\\‘«' J} l.) .1 2&1 U: C (‘1 K' " ‘. ." ‘ \fi‘u" ‘5 'r ' I‘\ I‘x 1‘ C"J.'J‘)Jai)\ 4! : .L..] i.- )(I A F‘- 1;\_; _l'_l: '2 w ' - v ’ (a ":55; 3.4: ()4 1‘1}: clfi'hl h:€;iw'a rm>1*zj{NT11'0icffl a; (uhvclcm:~3nlcfiL 1‘1 Liill.rw"ai 9 .TC} L‘: (3(i r;(:: A: L' ‘1 1 l \v<)if(1:; :ifi 'tizi )"‘C 211 rvlazi‘tlirs 21r1C1 1353‘ (:Cw~1'-ril 1* tv‘o alhu {J11 ;' xquWlst cxfi 1‘70 y62237$;. lie: twillfrni Miles; w '-.‘.’.,':s (Fl-3.17. 1 .' fuel . l‘tzi S: 3.51 ELI] lerl 3’ (Tl;l l (2‘ Eli_;3 }d: 3”(;11i;;x { l‘fif lfL‘vav k.{LCl L 11(1 1363 lixn:r vi Ln Eiis Instixrr. 3;ir' uszwans IVCII?‘H?FT‘§CX7 VEmui tlm" ver vors 5Jun;. FutL Lad sui'fLFE; l niflzlw claqs hackgrouuds. ,nu__ ,. 5., .. , ,_ x . . , ‘ Al M1,: [1111’ u. LVU Lid 9 ”LI ” '. )I :‘LJ'L‘ ‘ JCS-'Z‘C' E) H.) HURT: 1171 UO 1131‘ pYCEleC u:i§2d:1w uufl, ffha C:n;n='t LOCJ k; incl rmxflw here Pan hGWPV in I? nblu t3 MO‘D Cat of ti: n5ighio~hoofl SOUH, She ‘naunily {CL a jcb nu vrrx; Whil: “0? Ch id is in school. The fathai pffs little attention to The Child. He does come 't<3 ‘v.i:;:L’: Linc: ( iii- L(i Llil\,11 t (JIGCZL’ L~ r3sss 't t favorite. 99:21 :1 e . 0 (ms id ei‘erl evcryox‘m ‘ s placed this Child in the 111111111 A New: 73:1. >: c INSTRUCMIONS FOR OBJECTIVE LANGUAGE HEXSURES: - - ‘ ’L 'J- I. ' ’ ' ~" L" .1 " - -' '«’ ‘\ "v" " V . ‘3 r ' . "‘ I. ln:)_rqulion¢;'foi tie pfklfl (qzfilJl 0i liefiildibe ll. Instr etions for the Roan Length of Five Longest I. l \O H- *- Omit the first tan responsc.. Record the next fifty ‘I rosoonses as ccmplotcly and accurately as you can. If 3'3 word or phrase is unintellig gjiole, record it phoneti~ colly. You may lis on to the wt po11 cs1onooo as many times as posciblc as nocc<:2ry io accurately record the responses. Follow these lireotions to determine what 6+ 9 unit if it is f- . __' '1 1 .S Cfimfglf (317‘ (2 (.1 El 0 ‘5- ,2 "3 (L '1‘ w: v f‘\ C;- ...) U) ('3 l4. ~cpixa marked off from the preceding and succeeding remarks by pauses. 2. A rcrcc“ is considoroo finished if a child comes to a ful stop, ciihc“ lot”inr cue voice fall, givin irl'l‘r\ 4‘ f. ‘3‘) »t ‘Wfi'r ‘ 1V ‘6 1 «fl Q’t‘f . .- r .0 . {51 ‘1‘. f‘r ' " .1 ,! _.,-‘ u; (- but—1 I‘VE-ix U.L :3 01 CJ.(’(.'..5.L‘;C.~ , yinc , ya , ylpiqec; , te:‘.-‘;":1€-‘L'- l‘ ’ -‘ '3 ‘: " r ,! .‘ “\f, - Muc‘IJJ-y , "ht-1“. , yell“ , 0 LV 6 98 II. lThio measure can bc calculated by totaling the words ‘1 O in tho fivc longest rcsponscs and divioihg by f V6. 1—" A " .— iitovui itwnu Joiuuxnl Dajflxi' and.&iw 'éFlé'"JT1" Tflvmwrno‘fi ’ ’ ‘ 1- ) CI.L)—C\I ’ .l—-;.:,..-].,-"’L" 0 Methods in SEEPCh Pathologi, New York: Harper and Row: l552. .._ m the fifty reaponsos rou . Divide the total number of diffown words (typifi) by tho total number of words (“ l.“ l- r n ., ...;. --th u.,1. . TV . Sbflylcd \RCO). If two words Olflvr in any lCfiPCCt (e.g¢ house vs. houses) thcy are counted as tw wo- . x": . -. . ‘o_ f .L. ,_ .‘ Qlllulenb Morls (b 4-0). 1Takcn from Sieflol, G,, "Verbal Bchavior of Adults in Two Conditions with institutionalized Retarded Children", ngjpgl of £13333h‘_§ggj_fl§;grgcinft Uli‘f‘:_}‘§03:3'j7_, I4101'10521‘843m Supplement 10, 1902. T)“ ' ' "' [u FLY} .12.; I) S <\ w .w‘ ”W l). 1 ' r ‘ . l. D AWL! Ii“:~(3r,i_'rilff",f'.' UbJ7HfifflH 3.2. -'~‘ I. ‘r ' J_’\) ... .1. \ Li I.“ ‘_‘ 711'? Y‘ Tun-w I .g. t..‘~‘ - ‘. \\-\,, \.-4 g.-J..‘(FU‘:~"”" "-' J\.'.a'-§3 U) .V v . ' . i 3 . _. -L.,,. .L -. I". ...“ o ‘4‘ O " ...) t _- N :- J...~ than rating SbLUCbUlwl SOpnlelLQLCJCn COBSLC r bnG .IL- W“, .‘o .0 ..-‘a —-'- F 0». ,-'° ' ‘ :- "‘ u ' ‘ ‘ ‘ ' " ‘ 5' h .. -' ”r 3 maudlity 01 Lo? strucuuio Mthfl lucloccd: WOld orocr alfl 0 j 6. :Q‘ \3 Ci E. t" N $1) Ho 0 :3 O H: Ir - so 4" 1‘ \3 - ".5 a: '\' "'3 \ " '3 “v. ‘\".“ afiCunb cl cabololndtlcn and CO”O:dlnau .,,.-,,.._-. .. ‘..' A). ,..x 3, ,~ 13(.";.-‘-l4'-LL.‘{J, '11. C()rlnvfiCIl.Ol] 1‘; bULIvr\.-'..I1 EVQFJS o O _ ‘ ‘ ' Slnylu _- COLW plc:: ". ' Arm ’1"-‘ Hm I‘ ‘\ y ~ “em -. q ‘ «. :— r; . (1 ".- -.4 (3' fr; as p, A. r" ‘3‘ «If '1..-;:.:. bl. “pal s. LC v.5. U.L“), C U; l ..s l mu; . .C L Lin. L; Oi ~ . 3 — ~ I." ,, 2 V.- -'- \ x- -5- .. 1‘ --.' . ., "' s ano V”flflflg, Cl 130 U”1“"€UK3E%JIQCCTCJ3U\, oi time noxos ‘ ., . 1, o. Conc'oc; also suo~ n ° Mt J.” r~w (6 (-2.228! r"r“~'] .. r< -*--"'~‘ 'y-x ‘ f-"‘g ‘ n. r: 'l u 6* :n‘ 3". d It" (1?" '0 U L'l 18/; \I'JLM" \'||}.Lu|..’.b 01J~l' (2.1”.L(J;.;:" (AL¢L1 l} a“ -\A....‘.«\“ r-_; f( 2, UJ. _._ _"’.l|.v’. “ | * ‘., . ... -. ' Ulkfld: it‘ll ,ggotgxgcb' poor "I” "N ~—~- mm o“ mu.po- M'* —-.I.Vm ”.0 rm". ’ a v - .1 .' . h, 4.: ..3 J- .u 2 \,., 3 .x. , .~ J- ,.f : 'v 3 .3, In Tfiblns CrLdLlVlLy LZuU inLO CGCOHUx 0118i38¢iva l.. 'v,‘.- ,.‘g -.,- :~/- -- ..-: --- r,- 1‘ \ (AO4‘ — -V!' a ~;. g ~ ‘9 J“ ffCQHHpWS and lhvontlxcnoss Oi tfldhflhv, surprise 01 Owner ‘ - -- - h- (‘ ,3‘ r — "4- . , .0 .1.. y ‘ -. 2“". ' ‘, . ‘ 9..., . (10V -LCL‘JO Link) \J .-v. .L («11983: OJ. blip. «v‘(‘,l}-'a..~ plCI‘uul‘Uo L1,”); --. :ufi'L ” 9-11: :x. {-..}. i G .....‘u. ______. ...H... ..."... ...—...... ..-»... ...—“.... 01‘5. (5‘ 2 3 t4. 5 o 7 In rating cozé“tcnt COnwlOL- ayorjpriutsocco and completeness I C of the description. Content sketchy ~ ~omplete -.. .... “-..-— - -.—-. l N U 4:- on \‘J ... ...-A cog... . .._.-- iroxicn iron “LLLOL, Hirsh, and Eh mxonu, "Language of Young ilaaring- Imp8irc d C1fi ldren“ , Ionjvofc 14am“ oLh, 10. 1967, 141-158. A133")??? 3.3; )1 33 EYFTT‘T‘ITY""“F7""\ 1".‘.".’“‘7!T)~""x5fl C“.."~""‘:"a'?‘ ‘- J_'L’L-'.i-.&...\.;.J.JJ.‘ JLLJUUM ,Li‘U s.) 'IJ...‘J.4J. lOl ‘ 7 . -.V .1 . , ‘1 ., 2‘1 , _‘ -_. lour Lumber; loldcr Lumber: Ave: Year in School: Graduation: (1 Record the flity rcsponges below: 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 102 0r \0 \.;3 0 \d M) km 9 49. 50. .4. V, - . o Compuuo tne typontoken ratlo below: When 7cm 8“}? ' ‘ " ' ‘ 3 Art counulng tho 400 words wrlte toe first phras, below: '7 f IT.“ RA?! D312 7“. n .’ ‘9 103 A 1'? av) 1‘7?) ‘1‘}!!! r ”(V'. 141101). J' J‘-l'C'.‘.--...‘1£_l ‘vi‘s' \_ ‘I- _f . .f . .1.. - B 2.9 e 1* 2. 1*. -..:n L. o r“ l \C) .— ._F— “— w «— www.mnsmm C... / n ’3 X 6 :1: a l) . ,Io me-‘flm‘ ~w."~‘~*- “'m 1‘..-‘“-|.J1- -\‘ 2 ‘ _v Y'Tfi -'~‘1}‘1"f’fig’,"."\ ‘j";.."\ "1'" A {‘13- IfiK/Cuxi. L'uxiu Il‘»..'\'..x .LLJ. vv' ... \-. -‘.' -. 7 " «’7 l EAFQ finch LC. 1‘. l R in SLR N 0\ kn P‘ x0 «a 10 :41. r' 3" O\-{?U\!—' UXUIQO‘s-P’ON mox4rm4—‘mm mmormmflmm 5.6 14.6 14%:- 9.1: 6 u) ~o ¢'IU\ :- \p .50 1+ 5 M 6 5 .68 6 7 .140 5 5 01:9 501 50!), 2:06 55:; ‘\‘. U1 0\ \7 V1 \‘J Kn K») C\ N G‘s U1 \3 a.-- “on“... 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