AGE TRENDS EN HEART RATE VALUES DURING AND AFTER
SUBMAXiMAL WQRK EN WOMEN 30 - 50 YEARS OLD

Thesis for the Degree of M. A.
MICHIGAN STATE UNSVER’STTY

Eieanor H. Marine
1964

THESIS

LIBRARY

Michigan State
University

 

USE man
Fit/7590

£582 THESIS? IN PET-RE? RIKTE VALCAS DURING AND AFI'ZZR

SUBl‘t‘u‘iIEL‘J. wax-w: IN NOISE-I 3-3 - .50 YEARS OLD

.3. 3/

Eleanor H. Marine

AN ABSTRIQT OF

A THEE 13

Submitted to
michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

{ASTER CF ARTS

Department of Health, Physical Educstion, and Recreativa

964

1
Approved \\, CW' M

\

 

_—- a 1:1 ; .“"“"
“.53 l. .A‘ul.

As the population of the world continues to enjoy
increased life oxyactancy, tLe oroblems of again; will
become increasingly important. Thore is, however, a scar-
city of information relatefi to the effects of ageing on
boflily functions and bodily structure.

The primary purpose of this stuoy was to investigate
age associatni changes in heart rate values during and
after a submaximal work test for evaluating physical fit-
ness of woman 30 to 50 years old. Closely related purposes
were to study the effect of the level of physical activity
in daily life and body composition on the heart rate during
and after a subnaximal worn test.

Forty female volunteers between the ages of 30 to 53
with ten women in each five year age group were tested on
an eight inch step test for three minutes duration at a
rate of twenty-four repetitions per minute. Heart rate
recordings were taken on a Sanborn Twin-Viso Recorder at
rest, daring exercise and during an eight minute recovery

period.

The level of physical activity in daily life was
determined by a recall questionnaire in which each subject
gave information on her homemaiing, leisure time and occu-
pational activities. This information was subjectively
evaluated to assign each subject an activity rating of light,
moderately active, active, or very active.

Height, weight, anfi pubic skinfold measures were taken
for each subject. From these measures per cent of standard
weight, predicted Specific gravity and fat free body
weight were determined.

The data was analyzed by use of charts, graphs, and
correlation analyses. Coefficients of correlation were
obtained for the relationship between (1) age and maximum
heart rate during exercise, and (2) weight and maximum
heart rate during exercise.

The data obtained suggested the following conclusions
for the subjects in this study:

(1) There is no clear innication of a relationship
between level of physical activity in daily life and heart
rate during a submaximal work-test.

(2) Body'weight, per cent of standard weight, per

cent of fat of body weight, and fat free body weight were

greatest in the 35-40 year age group and were progressively
less in the LOfQS and 45-50 year age groups.

(3) The subjects were a select group in terms of
weight with eighty per cent having per cent: of standard
weight less than 103 per cent.

(4) There seems to be no distinct age trend in maximum
heart rates during exercise. The youngest age group (30-35)
had the fastest response to exercise and the most rapid
recovery of any age group.

(5) A correlation coefficient of .214 showed s slight
relationship between maximum heart rate and weight of the
subjects.

(6) A high positive correlation between total body
, weight and fat free body weight was present. This, in
addition to the subjects with the least amount of fat free
body weight having the greatest heart rate recovery, indi-
cated a relationship between total body weight and heart

rate recovery.

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[33!

ileanor H. Karine

A Thesis

Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

‘-

- -
I

‘sf‘P"3‘,.' “a? 5.")T“
n‘tDLMR U; talk-i...)

r; '/

Begartnent of Health, Ehysical Education, and Recreation

xx}

1-: «234

3A99/3
J/cflblVf

n f‘ Vt ' x! ‘f‘
fié'dy. ‘J‘J JL-«w U-' :;2‘ 3

The author wishes to thank Dr. Janet Eessel for her
invaluable assistancc in data collection and her buidance
of this stuéy.

Appreciation is extended to the staff nf the Human
Energy Research Laboratory, Michigan State University,
for their technical assistance.

In audition the autluor wisi- fi.es to thank Miss Ann Ufer

for her help in collecting the data for this study.

11‘I.I-i"‘.. t) 3AA“?

32.x.- ‘ ~ ~ .4. _', g
‘I f ”1 A 7 ‘. r
I 15‘ EKJDIJCILUH o o o o o o I o o o o o o o o 0 o c o a

Purpose of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Needfot‘thOStUdy.....o.....oo...

befinition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sahmaximal worm test . . . . . . . . . . . . .

O‘O'SO‘UU‘I"

lhysical activity recall record . . . . . . .

0s

310C131 StatUb' index 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o
rrr cont standard weitht
Skinfold thickness

[redictci spiciflc gravity . . . . . . . . . .

'30 \J \J \l

fer teat of {at of bci; wciant . . . . . . . .

0)

Fat free body weight . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Limitations of the Stufly . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
II RSVIEJ CF 133 LlTCVATUQC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Heart ficte as a Measure of mark Output . . . . . 13
Heart Rate Vclues During Submaximal Work

And Age Associated Changes . . . . . . . . . . 13

heart Rate Values and Prior thsical Activity . . 15

Ill NETHCDOLGGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
anthropometric measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Per Cent Standaxd wcizht, ircdicted Specific

Gravity and ?at Free Bofiy Weight . . . . . . . 2%

~iil-

“‘
p.

C U“ A 381‘. r fi‘gs.

IV

V

Submaximal work Test and Collection of

Heart REC‘ tata O O O O O O O O O I O O

ANALYSIJ C

04‘

Subjects

Heart Rate

BJK‘IA O O 0 O O O I I O O O O O O O

"n’

‘r'

lines and Age Asaociatcd Changes

Heart rate values during w~r1 . . . . .

Eccrt rate values during iaCovery . . .

Fecrt Fate Valuts and Physicol activity . .

Heart Frte Values and %ody Connosition . .

Simian, cwcmtzom, am FCCSW¢NWATICTTS . .
Suu|m8ry O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reconcswndathfls o o o o o o o o o a o o o o

Arrzasltus .
Appendix A
Appendix B

appendix C

O O I C O O O I O O O O O O O 0

Raw Jata . . . . . . . . . . .
Formulas Used . . . . . . . . .

Activity Recall Questionnaire .

Rating Scale for Activity Level

Level of Activity Ratings for

individual Subjecta

on LV-

5 J
{1-}

LIST 93-“ r33;

1. Social status hating ofi buajecta in
Four 553 Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
ll. means, Stanaard aaviations, medians, and
Ranges of aaLsropomeiric béaaures for
“he Soar Age Cramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-33
III. &3@ braup in mhicn chm highest and Lowost
fiean Values for th Various Anthropometric
“casuxes «ere found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
IV. aaaus, fieélanl, and fianges of fieart Rate 3:
Rest and Lariag flork and Recovery for
iaur Age Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-35
V. Ronamaalng/otcugational activity Ratiog 3y
$5¢ Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A7
Vi. Laisure Activity Rating By Age érzuts . . . . . . 47

av-

\‘r -,.. -
. '3 . ..
.

M' FNV‘U‘U‘

\C)

-!"
1???? M F’”W—"~"¢s

s . . .
7 ti..- ‘Pl‘fih mfl-mnaun ---“

Resting, Erarcige and

Rates for Four Age

{ercentage of Subjects

HAximum Heart Rate

Rcccvery {esrt
flrougs . . . . . . .
teaching Various

During work . . . .

Mather of Subjects xecoverlng to Lithin

Six Beats of Resting Heart fists Vithln

the 8 ninuto Recovery Earlod . . . .

Roan Maximal heart Rate Luring dork and

fieart Rate Lao minute After uxerciee

for Each Age Crnup

O O O O O O O O O I

Relationship of Fowomslinngccugatistal

activity to Haart Rate Curing Recovery

Relationship of Leisure Ilse Activity to

Kemrt hate :uring 36¢CV9ry. . . . . . .

l:lati:n~hip Betwean For Csot of Standnri

Relationshig setween

and Heart Rate During Rocovcry

_ a. V)
5:2 Juring lecovsry .

‘at Free aafly Jeight

Lolatioaship Sctwtan Body £2133

and Fat Pres Body‘fleififit. . . . . . .

-v1u

43

57

CHAPTER I

IfiTRQDUCEION

oith the life expectancy of the world's population con-
tinuing to increase, the biological and social aspects of
ageing bacomc increasingly immortant. Many individuals are
living longer lives relatively free from disease; but,
while the freefiom from disease is a tremendously important
factor in health and fitness, the ability of the individual
to function with vigor and vitality at any ego is essential,
for the total well-being of the individual and the strength
of the nation.

Tfiera is also a practical interest in investigating
factors affecting fitness. It is useful to estimate the
capacity of older individuals in leisure activities outside
the home and in éiffercnt occupational CESKB. Despite
increased mechanization and automation in industry there are
still many occupations which demand moderately severe or
severe muscular activity and consequently a considerable
degree of physical fitness. Determining the physical capa-
city or fitness of individuals and understanding how this

capacity varies in differcnt age grouns and in the two sexes

-2-
is one way to estimate the available manpower of the nation.

Inc oh} sicsl conscity or fitness of the in5ivifiusl is

1i

the result of numerous factors such as innate potential or
D'ysiolog icr m 13nl9.9, age, sex, health and nutritional
status, physical condition and the Specific fitness for a
given task and for given environrsntsl conditions. The
quantitivs nessursmsnt of phys ical fitness is very cont lax
and one of tho most controversial problems in applied
physiology.

Schneider stated in 15 43 that there was no simple daf-
inition of physical fitness since tliers are no sinnle tests
that measure more than a few ninja of fitness.1 Darling
states that "Fitness apparently consists in tire ability of
the organism to maintain the various equilibria as closely
as possible to the resting state during strenuous exertion
and to restore promptly after xsrcise any equilibris which

_ 2
have been oisturbsfi". Brouha, Frsii and Savage state that

13c.1ncider, 21.0., Eur-Lolocy cf Just-111 r “mop-w,
(Phils clphia: N. 3. Saun5ers Conoany, lJéO). n. 333.

2Harlin? , R. C., "The Sicnificanco of Physical Fitness",
Archivss of tnvsicsl ”sliciny, ss cited by Irma Astrsnd,
”Aerobic work Capacity in men and konsn with Soecial Refer-
ence to Age", 5st 3~-. ~ .- Ecsn£*n+r.-. Vol.'49,
Supplementum 169, 1960, p. 79.

 

-3.
functional or dynamic fitness is the ability to sustain
strenuous exercise and to recover from it rapidly. Such
fitness suggests that the general physical machinery of the
body is working well and that efficient blood circulation,
sound respiratory fitness and good muscular coordination is
present. They further state that such fitness is difficult
to estimate because it involves knowledge of the functional
capacity of many physiological mechanisms when placed under
the stress of muscular activity.3

Although it is evident that physical fitness is vital.
to the general well-being of the individual, there is a
scarcity of information as to how many factors affect this
fitness. Many research workers believe that the best tests
to use in studying fitness are those that are easy to perform
and give a widespread score between the fit and unfit indiv-
idual. It is eXpected that the physically fit person can
perform a given grade of light, moderate and exhaustive work
more efficiently and with less displacement of his physio-

logical equilibrium than the unfit individual.

3Lucien Srouha, morman w. Frsdd and Beatrice M. Savage,
"Studies in Physical Efficiency of College Students",
Research Quarter ', Vol. 15, 19éé, p. 211.

-4-

For maintaining a normal eQuilibrium in the different
tissucs under varying conditions an aflequate blood supply
will always be one of the most imcortant prerequisites.
fieart rate values during wcrk and during reccvcry are well
recognized by exPerts as being an accurate means of evalu-
ating the severity of the physical activity and the strain
which activity puts on the cardiovascular system.

Heart rate values during wcrk as well as during recov-
ery are individual characteristics fiependent on the physical

fitness of the subject. The more fit individuals have lower

resting pulse rates, exhibit smaller increases in pulse rate

during work and raturn to the resting level more rapidly

after exercise.

4Arthur H. Steinhaus, ”Chronic Effects of Exercise",
. 5‘ Rev wag, Vol. XIII, No. l, 1953, pp. 112-114.

   

-5-
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate
ago trends in heart rate values during and after s submar-
imal work test for evaluating physical fitness of women 30
to 50 years old. Closely related purposes were to study
the effect of the level of daily physical activity and body
composition on the heart rates during snd after s submsximal

work test.
NEED FOR THE STUDY

Dats on physical fitness and performance capacity of
women of different ages are scanty although these figures
sra available for men. ‘

There is s need to study the interrclstionships of
ageing, physical exercise, and body composition on man's
functional capacity and performance level. Resssrch in this
ares can provide basic information for understanding human
biological individuality. It is also a way of cstinating

ths available manpower in different age groups and in the

CWO IEXEB .

.6-

CFIGITIGN OF Ti343

f
p
I

’39 ..1:_..-._.£......1 ‘J_,.r.l,n 9" ~

.. ::i::..:.--—“$ ,3- _« “33...

The aubuaxiaal exercise test used in this study was
designed for subjects of all ages and hot n aa xea. The sub-
jects ate 933- on and off a platform ei 3hr inches high, twenty-
Eour tinzea per minute for three m.inutea. At the completion

of the exercise the subjects sat in a chair for an eight

minute recovery period.

 

By use of a personal activity questionnaire given by
interview method and appropriate energy cost tables the total
daily energ' exoenditure was subjectively estimated for each
subject. Each subject was rated on a four level scale of

light, moderately active, active, or very active.

 
  

Etatus Index

A social status index is a means of approxim.ti.g the
"position“ of a person in re3a rd to their aocioeconor ic
level. fhc Index uaed in this study is the Ind ex of Social

Status--Short Form devised by V cCuire and nhite.

 

SCarson A Suite and George D. Khite, "The Measurenent

of Social Status" Research Power in Human DavelOpmant, No. 3
(revised), Leeartment of E incational Psychology, The Univer-
sity of Iexaa, Aarch, 1955, p. 3.

.7.
Her gent Starfifirfl J9ijfit
The actual weight of each subject was eXprsssod as a

percentage of standard weight. The "standard” wsi;ht was

3
defined as the average weight of the individuals of the same
sex, age and height as reported in the Build and Blood

Pressure Study, 1959.

s Th fitness

   

The shinfold thickness is a measure of the subcutaneous
fat. 3y measurement of ths skinfold thickrsss in the ”pubic“
. . 7
site (halfway between tho umnilicus sod toe pubis) it is

possible to calculate an estimate of total body fat in a

young female subject.

 

 

Specific gravity of the individuals was predicted by

8
using the following formula :

 

63uild and Blood Pressure Study, 1959, (Chicago:
Society of Actuaries) as reported by Millicent L. Hathaway
and Elsie D. Foord in ;gi:hts sn;_Eo::hts oiigdsl s n tbs
Haggai ftgtos, Eons sconosics Research Report J10, Agricul-
tural Research Service, (United States Deoartment of Agri-
culture) fiashlngton, D. C., August, 1960, p. 11.

7Committss on flutritionsl Anthropometry of the Food and
Nutrition Board, fiatritional Research Council, in 333;
figssggomsnts an: Pusan flatrigggg, J. Brazos, Ed., (Detroit:
Wayne University Press, 1355).

n
°Young, Charlotte, Elizabeth Martins, R. Tsnsusn, and
Joan Blondin, "Predicting Specific Gravity and Body Fatness
in Young women", s “a? of rte sflorinso “iotst‘ Sffi’Lgr
gigg, Vol. 40, February, 1952, p. 105.

     

9
’x)’
ape: ific gr avity a 1.33'3 - .3304231 .3333431 ,
5.1. 344.3
there 51 3 skinfold at pllblc Site (in m?)

q

A13 3 percentage "stania r3” weight.

Body fat cattent was calculJ1C2d fro. n "ray icted saccific
gravity using tht Fat ;.b;n- Face formula:

per cent Eat a 133 ( EL§63 - 5.046)
*ecific gravity

 

fa; 7r€e 33%; Hfiifiht {L223 364* “3331
Fat free body weight was calcalated by subtracting the

kilograms of fat fram the tatal bai y weith.

LIKITATIGES CF I5; 3333? \

1. Tha test gram 9- included only ten subjects in each

8

(R:

a group. This numbar is tog small to infer conclusion3
for a larger yepulatian.

2. The subjac ts were nat ranzomly selected but were
voluntaers tram the matro:olitan Lansing, michigan area.

It is likely that subjects volunteering far a study of this

type m ght not be campletely refircsentative of the powulation

at larga.

 

gPace, N., and Rathbun, E. N., "Studies on Bfldy Corjosl-
tion. 3. The Eady Hater and Chemically Combined T"“itrtr'tm Con-
tent in Relation to Fat Content", 'surJ 132$ lifiltgi
c 4-»

2, Vol. 153, l§45, p. 65 3.

 

5" I" E’: *

   
 

   

3. The methoj uaed to tatermiae the individual's
level of physical activity was a recall quastionnaire and
personal history. The racall of an individual ovar a
prior veg: is perhaps subject to error but it is hapad
that the questionnaire was sufficiently extensive to mini-
mize possible errar. In adiitian the rating scale usefi to
assign activity levels to the subjects was subjectively

devised.

CHAPTER II

Rah-311:3") O? T112 LiTSL-l' 1.3.1}:

There is little detailed information pertaining to con-
trolled research of age associated changes in heart rate
values during and after exercise in fer. .ale sabjecm This
review shall pro sen t some of the most significant studies
of heart rate as a measure of work output, age associatoé
changes in heart rats during suhraxinal work, training
effects on heart rate, and the effects of 531% Mei measures

of body composition on heart rate.

heart Rate A: A Measure of work Ootput

There is a linear relation botween work load, oxv won

-,a
consumption and heart rate in the range of normal tempera-
tures (65° to 30°F): the heavier the load, the greater the
energy eXpenditure ané the faster the heart rate. Sill found
a straight line correlation between heart rate and energy

ex; enditure. Ericlason, Ernst, Taylor, Alexanfler and Keys

found a correlation of .9?2 between heart rate and energy
\J.

expenditure.

 

1D. 3. Bill, "Effects of Physical Strain and High Alti-
tudos on the Heart and Circulation", Anericnn HeigtAJoqrnal,
Vol. 23, 1942, p. 462.

2Lester Lricison, Ernst Simm son, Henry L. Taylor, Horar
Alexander and Ansel Keys, "The Lnergy Cost of Horizontal Grs.‘ie
Walking on the fiotor Erivon 'readmill", gnoricnn Journal of

Physiolon*, Vol. 145, 1846, p. 333.

 

-13-

Taylor conoiiored the heart rate to be a good indi-
cator of the severity of .hvginal activity and statei that
the level of the heart rate during exercise is pronortional
to the work load. he founfi correlations of .9fi? and .955
hot t'aen heart rate a1d wor1;load.

Further snaporting the use of heart rate as a measure
of worm output, W milu nd founi that the pulse rate increased
in a linenr fad ion with increasin3 workloads.A On the
basis of these findings it can be stated that the heart rate
increases with the severity of the exercise. It has been
shown t? at t1e heart rate increases fairly ragidly at the
beginning of exercise and then stabilizes at a m ximun rate
depenfi ing on the severity of the work and 333, body weight,
physical condition anfi environmental tempera ture. During
recovery from exercise the heart rate drags rapidly at first

5
and then gradially until it reaches the resting level.

3 a.

Craig iaylor, "Studies in Exercise Physiology",
~ - Vol. 135, 1941, p. 41.

 

4‘

dolger Wahlund, "Determination of the Physical Wor1<in3
Capacity", Atta Fefiita Scan‘inavica, Surplementum 215,
1948, p. 21.

C. From Consolazio, Pol. ert E. Johnson, 331d Louis J.
Pecora, Physio 1‘ic11 "111‘";r11*: of “Pt L1olic F:.n:tirqa

 

 

. 1
z 23;, (new York: houra.- fiill BooL Co npany, 1953), p. 3&5.

-12..
aenedlct and Parmantar stalled the energy metabollsm
of women in varioufl tyres of activity. They state that the
tatal energy expended in cllnblng stairs is a product of
the number of gran calories rnqulrei to 11:: one kilogram
one vertical mater H tha iniividual's body weight X the

6

total meters ascended.
Hodgsuu calculated wnrk to be dame by the following
formula:

Body weigh K Height cf Stev ' Number of

7
Steps 3 Fast Pounds of Work.
Both of these studies took the individual's boéy size

into account in orfier to deterrlne the work load. The first

dld it to datermine the amount of energy exnended by various

standard level of work; the other to vary

9)

indlvlfluals in
the work load SQ that each individual would be exhendlng
the same total amount of energy.

in regard to heart rate values and wark load, it is

 

6 ..
Francis G. Benedict ano dazeltene Stefinan Pattenter,
"The Energy Hetabnllsm of Women while Ascending or Descending
Stairs", kna‘l”ez ‘ TH“~ -", Vol. 84, 1928, p. 695.

    
 

QUE-€35. 1 r‘ 1.

     

7" '0 n 0 1n -
raullne hadgfion, "atuiles in the rhyslola¢y 0f Activ-

a)

lty: I. On Certain Reactions of Collegt gonen to Measured

ACtiVit3'". 'rt—ga RQSE3~ 'V'C’lo IVII, 1935’ p. 60

 

~13¢
apparent that the greater the weight of the subject, the
greater the energy exgenditure must be to acconplish a
given task involving lifting tho hofiy weight, thus resulting
in increased heart rates during work.

It should be noted, regardless of average or normal
resoonses of the heart, that there is a wido variation among
individuals in their resaonso to both subnaximal and maximal
wort necessitating the use of large groups of subjects in
conducting experiments involving heart rate and work.

Heart Rate Values During Submaximal

work And Ago Associated Changes

The heart rate during submaximai work appears to be
remarkably uniform for a given individual under given en-
vironmental conditions. Dill reported two sets of exneri-
wants in which the external temperature was kept constant

0 o
(O to 50 C, tho humidity at higher temperatures was kaot
at 50 per cent). Heart rate was recorded after ten minutes
of graded work on a bicycle ergometer. The work load ranged
from 0.5 to 2.6 liters of oxygen per minute. Dill: results

showed that the heart curves were reliable with a probable

 

8Dill, on. cit., pp. 445-447.

-14-
error of not more than two or three eata per minute.

In a modificat io on of the Harvard Step Test, Rhyming
set the bench hoi ight at 33 ccntinct era and the rate at
twentyat:"o and one—half repetitions per minute for W01flefl.
Ttae norm. ll averaro val as for wome :1 a? ich Rhyming foand in
that test was a pulse rate of 1+3 + 1.6. In addition,
Rhyming presented data nhich indicated tnat the mechanical
effi’iciemyr di d not chance with body weight or height.

In a later study rh,uina collabortttl with P. O.
Astrand to construct a nomogr am for calculating physical

10
fitness from the pulse rate darings submaxima 1 work. Their
work made it possible to predict the maximal oxygen con-
sumption of healthy ir .divi duals between the ages of eightee
and thirty years by measuring the heart rate and OXygen
consumption during a submaximal work test. They stated
that the best results would be obtained when the work load

is of such severity that the heart rate during steady state

is between 125 and 170 beata per minute.

 

91. Rhyming, "A Moriified Harvard Step Test For The Eval-
uation of Physical Fitness", Arboit~nhvaiolo~ie Vol.15,
1953, p,. 235-250.

10
P. 0. Astrand and I. Rhyming, "A Nomogram For Calcu-
lating of Aerobic Capacity (PhJZical Fitness) From 19filse
Rate Daring Subnaximal work", Journal of Ao“l 13‘ V“"S'“‘fi::,
Vol. 7, N0. 2, 1954, pp. 218-22

 

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\--r-o b-|.:‘. 6J0 '{7‘.f’.'~ 3. ‘L .) Wyl'a. fi' { (w: 5
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h ‘ . Q a

I... 5530' 3:17?" 2:13 5:55! Cr. 4 ft: i? Lz‘tnggg c.1343 [13.453954 $273.35": 1.221133%}: 51.713
aye ha: 839 we:‘ 01 t3 any t’21t "tfieru is no noubt that
yvang 339312 can 323:2 a 113: er heart rate level tn21 old
.531.- 1-3 F 3" t. m? ‘- ".0 f1 33‘), p 3': 1Q?‘.. "
.311 ker 3r.u233 s u 1 2/333 33. «ywdx as

a 1:3
bicytling and runngng.“ Eicycl 1n3 333 runaing ara can-

1 .J ... .. A ‘ Y.
Siucrfiu maximal WQYn tasts.
In an earliac pwpar'l.h3traun ragnrtad the war; cf

Von 203 lm, L1 5trm31 and Etrcm in which they fungi the

pulse reactia1 to sugnaximal wara a. 313 aLr3113' pilats

.1

between twenty ani fift y years of ace to be C3rfilataly

1
1.
J
1 P n . . . ‘ A. a, - .-" .
in-fiefiermezit 3: 833?. T1118 ‘43ng S'JYJeBtélfltiatflgi b] AQCLQILJ'3

own work in which she found no signifi mat c3.iffe 93:33 in
pulse rate betuw en a 3r3U3 of 01.13: subjects a1i a group
of younrur athletes in gain; fram the reatlag level to the

steady state

 

111

r12 Astrand,"der331c Hark CApchty in Sen "nd
wo:.en witn Special Reference to ~33", 4Q£1_?¥yfii¢13;ica

 

5c31dingv.ca, Vol. 43, oupfllanutfin 133, lyifi, p. 33.

 

l’Irma Astrand, "The Ebvsical fiorL Cavacity of Voriera
3 3

-"I 1' V hi 9. 1 ~ . . :3 .‘ . . 13' I ['1
_-. v - .‘ a _n_ .4." gyms Ar. ha in g .Hnn ._. n 1).! W J :‘5
t a.“ 1":dr8 01"; . LL11‘1' .IL .1" 114' u' ‘- 1.513.: . 6-": 4‘ "._'._ 2 ’ ' *- 2): " Ja‘n'. ‘ . H J O .-_.’
A

.-
Co
- 1"}-

‘ ’ 0 3Q 3" ‘ ‘v o a . .3 K c d' ‘
.11. $1.53!. L1 311‘.1;_1C‘1C$ {11.1.3 v' 51.6314 tub k. £1312: 1» U 111') (3)5338"-
1'
1+ 11 1 1 9 1
w .O .- -. r . ’_ "‘3. ‘7 ,“I h a .. . ,1 n ._ .. ‘,., P“ .
querce in 21m,am11 “Jim. .3 pJnLU$3tBu that 01133 men

: 1" .v' 3‘ 0‘ '11 ~ ‘11-.4 dun ’. in n in d: . g. --- n - a. a.
periuin 33:» at tui3 11331 “a uiiiciEutlj a5 youn3ar men.

In his st1ly of 3&113 ran tha 31133 r333 increase was 3bout

n

the 9333 for twent -riva man with a mean age oi 33.3 and

eleven m an with a mean 333 of 53. 31333333 hypoth3si233
that lawer maximal pul33 ratas in older men resulted from an
inability or Lnaillincncss to axe: t thetselveg as m1ch as

youngar man.

9

&1rt Rate Values an} {riox I ysiC11 3.3tLVLty

9

Prior physical activity can be a pericj o; formal phys-
ical training or it can be the spontaneous activity found
to a r3a Car or lesser exte n: in every person’s daily life.

I. Astrand stated that trainin3 caused a decr31sel resting

1)

heart rate, a reduction in pulse rate during submgximal work.
15

but no 313333 in the maximum pulse rate during maximal work.

An eXpIanation for the increased efficiency of the
. 15 .
hearts of rained individuals is given by Brouha. he stated

 

14 (I rs. o o v 1 a.
Ernst almonson, "xnysical Fitness and hOfK Lapacity of
Older Hen" antics, Val. 2, E0. 1, 1947, p. 115.

A. n
k." E": Y:

   

I. 0. Astrand, "fiuman Physical Fitness fiith Special
33 to Sex anfi Age”, Physiological Review, Vol. 36, 1956,

oLucien Brouha, "Training", in 42133:” 335 ”333;!12 3E
Lxergise 334 ~33rt3, editei by fiarren R. Jannaon (dew York:
Ha rger and urot:1ers) 1.;513.p. .

-17-
that training enabl33 tha heart t3 b33333 3333 efficiant
by circulating mare bleed whi 3 beat i less fm 3 u3gtly.

valume. fig fur-

a:

mi strain

93

This is the result of an incrca
ti er statad that far a gtandard a33unt of wmrk tha h33rt rate
will decrease as training prograsses, and that this slowing
process is present during rest, work, and recaver*. In an
earlier papar 3rouh3 anfl hi3 associates 3tat3d that Jizile

training increases the effisieacy of the body, each man has

7

a maxim13 efficc y‘wLic1 can be dc v21 opal tdro"~ regular

and adequate trainLig; b3ta Y““"T31°83 ot the afivarlty cf

the traini13, no man can 333331 lis c~wacituti .3115? 333333331

17
akysical efficiency potential.

Sock, Vancaulaert, Dill, Falling and Hurmthal statafl

‘E

that "Trainin: enab133 13 or: anisn to maintain an nternsl

environment agrraachin; that of the normal resting state
3 13 1 .
eve3 dicing severe wcrh”. 1113La1 iatiafi of t.i3 vi :3 is

present in the fallaxing stuii3s.

17Lucien 3r0311za, Ear 'nfin J. Fraéfi, an” fixatricc ’.
Savage,‘ 'Stuiiea in Physical Lffiaianay 3f 3311333 St"dent3“,
Rascarch Qu3tf3 ". V01. 15. 1344: p. 235-

 

A. V. Bock, C. Vancaulaert, 3. 3.5111, A; Falling,
and L‘. M. Hurxthal, "Studies in ”‘3t113r Activity 111,

, dical Changes Occurring in Van At Work" , nggn11 f
Pk? iglccy, Vol. 66, 1928, p. 159.

1.
-LJ"
A study conducted by Arbaits, 10313 and taskela t0
Hter ine tne effecta 055 Mi ty day “mysical tr ml in;
period on tha heart of a forty year old previausly un-_
trained man showed a decrease 11 the resting pulse of th~
subject from 105 beats per minute b3f3re training to 65
13

beats gar minute at the and of the thirty days

chswcll, chierson.and3 rr 3.13 stu‘led seven male
volunteers 23-23 years of age and tested them over a patio}

”3

t 1 h e“ 1 _ 2, m1... 3' . .. 1 (3-. -r .
of tnrea montas. anomaxlmal worn (inc Larvaru 1tcp rest)
was administercfl three times perw '331 and pulse rates werc,
taken one, two and three minutes bcfcre and after the teat.
This work load resulted in a decreased heart rate with in-
creased training. There was no decrease in resting pulse
rates.

Both of the above sta£ies involved untrained individuals
and they giva na inf icat on as to the prolcnged effects of
the training, if any. Kantcye, Collins, and Btauffer did a

study on vfiralty b3 9% etbzll plavers to determine the effec t3

 

1“, 1 - ' ‘7 ‘1!
j). R. AIL-baits. E. JCJ:.%1e A. {-052‘1813 and J. E. .ECSI ;ui.)1t1,

afilliatocardio r 31 c Caaficpq Du ring a 30 Day F1.rsical Trsin—
in5 ieriod", 313ricnn_E31rt 3:3r311, Vol. SQ, 1957, p. 5F 7.

Z‘Robert C. chswell, Craxlas R. handerson 331 Gear a: E.
Berryman,' 'Scne Gbservatlona or: tne Effacta of Training on
Pulse Rate, Blood Pr3531re 331 Lz.1rancn in 1m tans 08 85.33 t1zz
Step Test (Harvard), Treaimill and Llectrodynar. .ic Bra.m Bi-
cycle argo.eter" ‘32ri:3* 33“rfi‘l cf ‘ - -, Vol. 146,
1:45, pg. 23-429.

 

-l?-

of a formal training seasan on athletes "out of training".21
Tut study began prior to the basketball season and the sub-
jects should be considered as athletes "out of training"

at the beginning of the test. The subjects were tastsd
twice prior to the beginning of he training season, .wlca
during the training season and once, one month after the
end of the basketball season. Each testing situation

involved use of the Harvard Step Test. The fallawlng

results were obtainefl.

  

 

  

 

 

 

 

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~ 5 9' Qt;

A

21H. J. Hantoye, W. Dayna Collins and Gordon Stauffer,
"Effects of Conditicning on the Ballistoca diagram of College
Basketball Players", ..1a§_§:"r a qu, Vol. 15,
1§60, p. 450.

 

-20-
It can be seen from the chart above that resting pulse
rates were affected least by the training season. The
postcexcrcise rates were affected rather dramatically but
in all three cases the pulse rates returned very nearly to
the pro-training level within ons month after the and of
tho training season. This study leads to the conclusion
that training does not have a prolonged irreversible affect
on pulse rate.

One further study conducted in this area by Damez,
Dawson, Mathis, and Murray showed that teenagers actively
engaged in athletic sports had lower resting pulses,
lower pulse rates after exercise and a quicker return to
normal than did teenage girls not actively engaged in

sports.

 

22Mario Dames, Percy H. Dawson, Dorothy Mathis and

Margaret Murray, ”Cardiovascular Reactions in Athletic and
Non-Athletic Girls”,

mm. Vol. 86, No. 19,1925,p.“22.

 

CHfiFTZR III

Ht?“*r7":fi.‘~’ ,‘V‘f
‘ L: i: ‘.\)~J \JLJCu

Data were collected from January through April, 1962.
All measures were completed in two testing periods of
approximately one hour each. The first period was devoted
to the collection of data on social status and level of
activity in daily life. At this time each subject was given
a trial on the treadmill to familiarize her with the pro-
cedure. The second testing period was devoted to the
collection of data on anthropometric measures and heart
rate measures.

Subjects

The subject group was composed of forty women between
the ages of 30-50 years with ten women in each five year
age group. No attempt was made to get an equal distribu-
tion of ages within each five year group. All subjects
volunteered for the test. Each subject was given a medical
approval from a physician stating that the individual was
sufficiently healthy to participate in the test.

Social status was determined by using the Index of

Social Status-~Short Form devised by McGuire and White.1

lCarson ficGuire and George D. Khite, ”The Measurement
of Social Status", Research Paper in Human Development No. 3
(revised), Department of Edncstional Psychology, The
University of Texas, March, 1955.

-21-

fl #- ’ x L . a» l l k .. v a: " ..' ‘
It: c1333i-ic~t193 is Q331V93 3; ratihg tug iatixiiuii'a

3332. infiividua 13 are rags-1 0'1 .3 33231-3 inghhtmw; 1,0322}: Lam-"r
Class (LL), Upper star 3133s (1L), Lower 311313 Class (L3),
Up at middle Cla;3 (3 }, 331 U: ar 81333 (53 . In the case

of Bin.le W3W {a the 0-P”9+LlCfl, 52ur.a:e of ifiavma end educa-

.4
:4

tie: o: tha t n.3n involved was used.

The level of p2y3,=ical a2tivity was assert incd by a
qunstionnnlre in which the sgbject wag a3ked to recall her
participation in Sport, gardening, home maintenance and
im;: rovement, hom-r31itq, and community activities over the
twelve month period prior to the test. ‘313 information,

along with the size 333 compositinn at their family and
their occupation, if say, was used to rate the activity
level of 2333 iniividual. Each subject w3s rate M on a faur
level scale of li5ht (L), maderately active (EA), gative
(A). or very BCCiVB (VA). Each Sdbjc ct was given two rat-
injs: a combined homemaking plus occupational index and a
leisure time inflex.

The ratings were derived subjectively by use of
apprflpriate enargy cost tshies for estimating the caloric

outgut required by various activitiea. The occupatienal

O o . a. ‘ II —
‘1 ’ \. " v, 3 n 1.- ..: _ g r- i . ‘f y. —I‘ 9" ' 1"- ' - f f . ‘ ‘30 .. n I. _ .. .i a £‘I :- . -I - - '
rl'-Liné ‘8 ':.13 U". y-EALLA‘.$V.6 ‘1. ‘.’a“ £45-; 3 I' ‘. 1‘ - ‘t‘ .-Jyd:: -'1_; (It - t? ., ,. 12‘: ,A

(\fi.’

-__, .. ., I ,... .. ‘ v. .‘ - 1 3 ‘ ' .. _- ,., ,— m .
.. tilts. 4, )1.‘ ‘fL‘K-‘l .. J gains: :3“; :..u«-T;..:.!‘.¢.zti 1,51 t U2: '. .-..-.. ML“. 7;)"

 

 

a at . .r " ‘q ' " f".

f. ‘ :flfl-fl-t—A Qt ‘aqj ' .. b! A... n “:!"v ‘91.? ..,_. "L “f 5“)". 'I ‘. r]

. _- ‘ t .,r ._ A. ._ ., o: \ ’9; :I ..~'—. . i'.» ‘ .. '~}.'.t
Ev... i . -4. _. .-...:# ilk». 'I" .-.’ o v o L .5: ¢ 135‘" {a t L \J . Q a. a

combined homemeling plua occupational rating was catermincd
by assigning tfie iniLvlfilal the hl¢he3t rating 0:
either classlficetloa.
Anthrozsnctrlc Measures

height wee taken without sheee. The suhject stem;
with her back against the calibration on the stadleeeter;
heels, hips, shoalders and head were touching the bectboard.
With the subject standing erect a square was placed firmly

9

against the top of the subject's heej and tea back of the

N"

stafiiometer. The reading was taken at the layer ejge o
the square wlth height being recorded to the nearest one-
half centimeter.

The subjects were weighefi withcut shoes anfi with light-
weight clothing of shorts or elects, blouse, socis, and
undergarments (approximately 2-3 pounds). Weight was
recorded to the nearest oneohunlredth kilogram.

Pubic sLlnfold was measured with a Lenge Skinfold

3

Caliper calibrated to exert a pressure of 10 gr. per square

 

#erna-Gren Aeronautical Research Laboratory, hentucty
Research Foundation, University of Aentucky, Lexington,

-25-

millimet+r of jaw as: face. The measure use obtainefl by
greening the skinfold betrteen tire thumb and in"m finger

t a sutficient depth to include tw. thicknesses of skin and
subcutaneous fat but no muscle. The measurement was tsien
on the rig 1t siée of the boiy in the vertical vials-:1:3 with
tr e subje ct lying in a 343' inc position on a flat surface
witn lcr hrands at her s‘des and all clothing removed from
the area. The Lange Calipers were epszlie Iepprorimstely
one cent aster from t .e finrers at a deith equal to the
thickness of the fold. Three successive messurencnts were'

tshen at the site

Per Cent Standard weight, Predicted
Specific {h ravit; and Fat Free Body Vcight
Fer cent standard weight was calculated by dividing
the individus is predicted into the actual weight.
Predicted weights were obtained from the Build and Blood
Pressure Study. The standard weight figures in the Build
and 31003 Pressure Study included shoe heel height of about

two inches and usual inioor clo miinz, which for women

“1‘ v..- —- f‘ --O—"\ A. 81
éuild and sicod treasure atuiy, 133:, (cc case: a

U ocicty
of Actuaries) as reported by Millicent L. fisthnwsy and Elsie
D. Foard in fieituts_enl -4:2i: he of *‘u‘tsciqitt ”sitticst‘itfi

 

Home Economics Research ileaort #13, Agricultural ac carts
Service (United States Degartment of Agriculture, e:tn*n'ton,
D. C., August, 960, n. 11.

I'

5-

'3
C.

.¢~~ . ..’
vqrnxtmatad

t°ight3 and weights in this at

n}
D

31113 and $133d Pressure J; ',

four to six tsunéz.

1"

“kl;

In order to make tha
y comparable to those in the

tug inches were added to 1211

 

 

. .. . . ’ a L... .
.1155: 311 thzee gauaca L) L“: UPL’1C of 08L h suaJcct.
,1 ’l‘f - - - 1 . 5- 4 ' :?
.11Jicted spacitic 1rvaity 113 datt rained by use 0.
ran tradic"*rn t1"-~La 1FJ15'1 a; 1013;, x1rtine, l'enauaa,
. 1 1 . 1 l‘. 5
i- a» 35.35"»0‘51.
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L::yv L-; L._::tl“_..11 {“023 it‘lcg ‘31. .‘ élfsz
:/.?- .041 ’ - 4: ‘ : . ‘- .
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wiL";}C.3 Cl {at
sin .Li::: 1 c- . t a .,r c“ t tat A wax u: in
Kilogram:
1 ‘ ‘ A ._ a 1. n. f r l a r '.- n n_ 0
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13.. :2. 1.1 L: a; “LLy
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rttiau 1f 7 .. git? 1011
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inciae tign. 11th Sun wct stir ed up anfi dawn nt 3 rate 1f
“I. .1 _..-.1.:.1 ,. .1. .____ g ,1_=‘ 3.. 1,
1» fJ-1 leg.titia.s .ul “luaia 1ur talk: mLHQEEa.
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1‘ Jc --, t". . 1 n . a ‘11-; a". -- o ..'L. . Jthi .15 on Bdlly Li’ui-JL’S-
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E38“ subject wa fittcd wi-h three clectrolca (one
its leafl) uacfi to pick up electrical impulses of the heart
beforc, énring and after excrcise. One was placed on the
left siia of the chest two inchca from the sternum anl three
to four inches below the aft clavicle. A seconfi was placed
on the lcft side of the back approximately two inches to the
left of the sixth cervical vertebrae. The third electrode
(ground) was located on the left side of the lower back, one
to two inches to the leit of the ninth thoracic vertebrae.

The skin directly in the area of electrode placement
was first rubbci with Cramer's Tufshin. The alectrode was
then coated with a light ccvering of electrode paste and
fastened into place with Elastoglast, an elaatic stretch
bandage, and adhesive tape. The subject was seated in a
chair for a retarding of a resting heart rate. All record-
ing was done on a Sanborn Twin-Visa rccordcr. The resting
heart rate was taken {3r sixty seconfis. After this the sub-
ject was given a demonstration of the prccedurc to be
followed in the step test as wall as an Opportunity to fan-
iliarizc herself with th"3 designated apecd of stepping.
Each subject was instructed t0 follow the acted of an elec-
tronic metronome calibrated to twenty-four full repetitions
or ninety-six beats per minute and was told to proceed in the

following manner:

~27-

O

1. Start by 313313g eitimry012r rLght or left foot
on the step.

2. ficxt place the other 530: an the step.

3. Remove the first foot from the step to the floor.

4 3 we the secou-i {out from the stej to the floor.

. 511;.

5. Contiu3e in a like manner until you are instructed

to stop..

Inneiietely ugon campletian cf the three minutes 0f
3:333i.; the in ividual was 333:33 and a r333rfing W3 5 made
during an eight minute recavery period. Recardings of the
heart rata were m33e during 333 minute of resting: the first
m-n:3t3 of exercise, the first fi£t3ezn secands of each con-
sequent minute of exercise; the first minute of recovery,

and the first fifteen seconds 35 each consequent minute of

the eight minute recovery period.

The swaial status rating of tha four grouys is Shawn
in Table I. The social status of all subjeflts tested
ransei from upper lawer to upper class with 67 per cent 3f

the subjects falling in the upper middle class and 22.5 per

cent in the lywer middle class.

SéfllAL firATUS agrzxs OF SJJJLCES

‘.' :01 - '5“ fl, 'r'I --‘ 3-17 ‘.‘ :.¢, 30 [D i"
16‘ FUJ-‘ $1.11!; Us\-JU« J

 

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h.)

 

 

The means, standard daviations, medians and ranges of
age, haight, weight, per cent of standard weight, pubic

skinfold, per cent of fat ofi body weight, predictei Specific

-23-

r_~ ‘97 :‘w v
‘.-.$_.?L4£d IL

 

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A3; (Years-months) 32-2 1-5.2 31-€.5 30-5 to 34-11

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a313xr ($9.) 155.95 6.09 165.75 157.09
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£22 £33: 313. 93..(z) 93.03 5.3 3.48 87.41

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Far FLEE 3333 93?. ( g.) 42.05 3.33 41.45 37.83 - 43.31

A$§\(Years-month3) 37-7 1-5.3 37-3.5 35-7 to 39-10

«EIGHT 62.53 10.13 59.52 52.39 - 8’.54
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ELEDICTQD 3930. GRAY. 1.041 .0269 1.3L1' 1.02‘- 1.05&

FAT ELSE BCBY JCT. 44.35 5.05 42.93 33.47 - 51.93

.29-

T‘LLE 11 (C .3nt 'L.)

 

measure u-- Stfl . .
“can Lev: AedLan Range

 

AGE 4392 1-7.8 43~9.5 43-0 - 44.10

BLIGAT 154.25 7.94 162.75 155.03 - 173.00

ELK C333 8T3. uQT. 93.13 10.02 92.14 73.88 105.33

PUSIC SLIEFULG 32.35 12.30 34.59 12.00 - 43.50
CSNT FAY 27.54 4.17 25.45 21.13 - 33.01
P32318233 SPEC. GRAV. 1.043 .0253 1.845 1.032- 1.053

FAT FREE BGDY 331. 43.77 4.79 42.40 37.39 - 51.43

ASE 45-11 1-7.3 46-5.5 45-1 - 49-3
HEIGHT 152.55 3.70 161.25 159.03 - 175.00
931831 53.2? 3.37 53.96 43.94 - 71.86
PER CENT STD. HGT. 91.36 9.93 38.51 77.95 - 137.33
PUBIC SAINFQLD 30.83 7.65 31.25 17.5) - 42.03
P23 CENT FAT 26.94 2.63 23.82 21.73 - 31.56
FLLDILLLJ SBLC. GRAY. 1.044 .0164 1.044 1.035- 1.054

-31-
gravity, and fat free body weight for each of the four age
groups are shown in Table II.

The mean ages of the four groups were 32 years, 2 months;
37-7, 43-2, and 46-11. The 45-53 year age group had the
lowest mean height of any group with a mean height of 132.63
centimeters. The greatest mean height was 153.73 centimeters
in the 35-45 year age group.

The mean weight of each reap ranaefi from 53.03 kilo-
grams for the 35-49 year 0133. The subjects between the egee
of 40-45 years had a mean weight of 63.73 kilograms and the
subjects between 45-53 years had a mean weight of 53.25
kilograms. The 35-40 year olds hafi the greatest mean per
cent of standard weight with 95.77 per cent while the lowest
mean per cent of standard weight was 88.13 in the 45-50
year old group. Fer cents of standard weight for the other
two groups were: 33-35, 90.763; 40-45, 93.53%. It is
interesting to note that all groups had mean per cents of
standard weight less than the normal 196%. A total of
thirty-two subjects had per cents of standard weight less
than 100 per cent. This would seem to indicate that sub-
jects volunteering for a physical fitness study tend to be

underweight when compared with the population at large.

-3;-

lndividual pubic skinfold measurements ranged from
12.00 to 55.00 millimeters for all subjects while the mean
gubic sainfold measures for each group ranged frcm 30.83
to 32.35 millimeters. It was ex;ected that the range
between the four grumps would b1 quite small. it was ex-
pected, however, that the older subjects would have th~
largest pubic akinfalfl measures, but they were found to
hava the smalleSt mean pubic skinfold méasurfis of any group.
The greatest mean pubic skinfold thickness was in the 49-45
year old grofiy.

In afidltion to having the greatest mean height, weight,
and per cent of standard weight, the 35~43 year olds also
had the largest mean per cent of {at of body weight with
28.57 per cent.. Tha range in mean per cent of body fat was
26.9% per cent to 23.57 per cent, a difference of only 1.63
pertentage points.

Mean predicted Specific gravity values were highest
for tha fiS-SO year age group with a mean predicted Specific
gravity of 1.044. This value was only .031 higher than
the mean predicted Specific gravity of the 33-35 year age
grcup and the 43-45 year age grsup ani was .033 higher than

the predicted specific gravity of the 35-43 year age graup.

The 35~h0 year age group he

grams of far free body weight (lean body mass) of any of

d the highest mean kilo-

the four grauws. The least mean kilograms of fat free

body weight was in the 30-33 year aids.

Table 111 gives a summary of the big?

zest and lowest

me3n values for the various anthronometric measures.

TABLE III

33 GROUP IN kflICJ TRE HI .

3T AND L02“

eax VALUES

F33 IRE VARIOUS ARTHRSPQiZTRIC MEAS?AES EERE FOUND

 

 

1"" “a3 3-1.. 11 321133 L3-ZITST
rtAn *ALLE MEAN VALUE

Height (Cm.) asuao 45-50
Weight (Hg.) 35-40 30-35
Per Cent Standard

&elght (fl) 35-40 45-53
Pubic Skinfald (fim.) 43-45 45-50
Per Cent Fat 1) 35-43 45-50
Predicted Specific

Gravity 45-53 35-40
Fat Free Bod" Height (Kg.) 35-5J 33-35

-34.

Heart Rate Values and Age Associated Changes

 

The means, medians and ranges of the heart rates at
rest and during work and recovery for the different age groups
are shown in Table IV. Graphical presentation of the mean
heart rates during work and recovery may b 0 found in Figure
l. A similar pattern of increase and decrease in the mean
heart rate for all age groups throughout the entire time period
can be seen in this figure. The mean heart rate of the 30-35
year age group increased 55 beats or 66 per cent from rest to
the end of the third minute recording of exercise. During
this same time there was an increase of 50 beats or 61 per
cent for ths 35-40 year age group, 50 beats or 61 per cent
for the 40-45 year age group and 51 beats or 64 per cent for
the AS-SO year age group. The range of mean resting heart
rates of the four groups was 3.4 beats per minute while the range
of mean heart rates during the third minute of the step test
was 7.6 beats per minute.

Corrslstion between age and maximum heart rats of the
subjacts in this study was essentially zero. In this study
the results seem to indicate that the older individuals were
morn sluggish in their response to the exercise test and thus

showed the lowest mean heart rates during work.

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FIGURE 1

 

FOR FOUR AGE GROUPS

 

 

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RESTING AND EXERCISE HEART RATES

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FIGLRE l

RY HEART RATES FOR

FOLR AGE GROUPS

E

REC OV

Other research studies in this area have reported that
there is a lowering in the maximal heart rate with increasing
age but that decrease in the maximal heart rate with ageing
is only evident in maximal work. Previous workers have found
that age per so has no effect on the heart rate during exer-
cise of light or moderate loads; the exercise used in this
study would be considered a light to moderate work load.

Within the four age groups the maximal heart rates of
the individuals vary widely. Figure 2 shows the per cent of
the total of each group which reached various maximum heart
rates during exercise. Sixty per cent of the 30-35 year olds
reached maximum heart rates of 130—153 with 40 per cent having
maximum heart rates of 130-143. In the 35-h0 year age group
50 per cent had maximum heart rates of 120-130. The subjects
in the 40-45 year age group had more varying maximum heart
rates than any of the other groups with 30 per cent falling
in the 110-120 category, 20 per cent in the 130-140 category
and 10 per cent in each of the following: 100-110, 123-130,
140-153, 150-163, and 170-180. within the 45-50 year olds 30
per cent of the subjects had maximum heart rates of 149-150.
The 45-50 year age group had the smallest range of maximum
heart rates of any of the groups with all subjects falling

between 110-150 beats per minute.

-40-

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FIG'RE

JECTS REACHING VARIOUS

1'
J11

PERCENTAGE OF S!

WORK

MAXIMTM HEART RATE DURING

-41-

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SUCJECTS REACHING VARIOLS

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WORK

DLRING

HEART RATE

MAXIiHPI

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Referring to Darling's definition of fitnclc. we note
that fitness involves the ability to return to normal as
well an the ability to maintain the normal state. Recovery
in an equally important part of the whole problem. It should
be emphasized that tho quicknesc of recovery of the heart
rate after exercise in a valid measure of fitneac.

Figure 3 shows the total number of cubjects in each age
group returning to within six beats of their resting heart-
rates within the eight minute recovery period. Seven Iubjects
in the 30-35 year age group and seven in the 35-b0 your age
group returned to thin level. There were eight subjects who
returned to within six beats of resting in the 40-45 year
age group and the 45-50 year age group had six subject.
returning to this level.

Total recovery for three subjects came within the first
minute of recovery. These three subjects had a mean resting
heart rate of 90 beats per minute as compared with a mean
resting heart rate of 82 beats per minute for the other thirty-
scven subjects. At some point during the eight minute re-

covery period these same three subjects had recovery rate:

IO

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30—3‘7‘ 35-39 40-6"! 95-49
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FIG'JRE 3

NUMFER OF SUBJECTS RECOVERING TO
WIIHIN SIX BEATS OF RESTING HEART
RATE WITHIN 8 MINVTE RECOVERY PERIOD

* In addition, 1 subject recovered to within 9 beats during

a shortened 6 minute recovery period.

-44-
of 20, 16, and 7 beats per minute below their resting pulses.
Another fifteen subjects in the total group had heart rates
at some point in the recovery period that were lower than
their resting pulses. It must be concluded that the resting
pulses in many cases were affected to some degree by psychic
factors such as the newness of the testing situation.

The average mean heart rates one minute after exercise
as compared to mean maximum rates for each group are shown
in Figure 4. The 30-35 year age groun had the greatest per-
centage recovery after one minute, drooping from a mean
maximum heart rate of 138.8 beats per minute to a mean heart
rate of 93.1 beats per minute after one minute of recovery.
This amounted to a thirty-three per cent drop in heart rate.
The next highest percentage drop was thirty per cent in the
45-50 year age group. The 35-40 year age group dropped
twenty-eight per cent and the 40-45 year age group dropped
twenty-nine per cent after one minute of recovery.

In addition to having the greatest percentage drop the
30-35 year age group had mean heart rates one minute after
exercise of only twelve per cent over resting rates. This
group exhibited the greatest recovery of any group at this
point. The per cent over resting for the other groups at
this same time interval was: 35-40, seventeen per cent;

40-45, fourteen per cent; and 45-50, fifteen per cent.

 

I c c 2' Aver ge Heart Rate
r‘u i1g dork

l"""'”°""l Heart R.» te One} Iinute
- After Exercise.

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HEART RATE
FIGVRE 4

MEAN MAXIMAL HEART RATE DURING WORK AND
HEART RATE ONE MINUTE AFTER EXERCISE
FOR EACH AGE GROUP

-46-

This difference changes somewhat by the end of the
eight minute recovery period. At that time interval the
30-35 year olds still had the best recovery with a mean heart
rate of only two per cent over their mean resting rate. The
35-40 year old: were eight per cent over mean renting rates
at this time; the 40-65 year old: six per cent over mean
resting ratea and the 45-50 year olda three per cent over
mean resting rates. It would seem that the younger subject:
recovered much faster than the other age groups and that there
in little difference in recovery rate between the other three
age groups.

Heart Rate Values and Physical Activity

It should be noted that only a minor parallel in sugg-
ested between “level of activity" and a "formal training
program”. Because of the effect of physical training on
heart rate values a physical activity recall record was taken
on each eubject.

The two indicea of level of activity compiled for each
age group are given in Table: V and VI. The 30-33 year olda
appear to be the most active group in terms of homemaking
activities with eeven of ten rated as active or very active.
The 45-50 year old! were the least active in homemaking with
four rated as light and three as moderately active. This is

primarily a result of the older age group having less children.

TABLE V

HOMEMAKING, OCCUPATIONAL, ACTIVITY
RATING BY AGE GROUPS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MODERAIELY Una?“
5§§_ LLGHT AQILYE ACTIVE AQTLVE
30-34 1 2 5 2
35-39 2 5 1 2
40-44 1 A 2 3
45-49 4 3 2 1
TOTALS 8 14 10 8

TABLE VI
LEISURE ACTIVITY RATING
BY AGE GROUPS

MODERATELY VERY
AGE LIGHT ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE
30-34 3 4 1 2
35-39 3 2 2 3
40-44 1 3 5 1
45-49 3 1 3 3
TOTALS 10 10 11 9

-47-

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In tervs CL 16:34:? t;ma acLiVLtlua .L: 533 its» 5

younjgr suojects perticijated in mare vl:Croua ac ivity
while tha older 31‘32c24 Rafi ware £129 to particl:ate in a
greafier flint? cf actiVltiea a3 a 9531: 0L 1333 Mama car-a
reapmmsihility in tarws cf Eager year hiliren living at
39:73 0

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to IP"IL rate d Jrinz recover? for all subj: qta ls 5.‘1;'n in
cl31re 5. Tha swhj¢ct3 were groupefi accarfiing‘to activity
level, cougla tely ”l.rV '31"" age. T?cre awwua 3 to be no
indication from t? is data tnat Any one grad? hafi a faster
rec avcry than tha othar grsufis.

when the leisure tifla at: tivity is rllzted to heart rate

0

during recovery (Figure 5), we find that the in:1lvi<3uals rzatei

as very cth’ In leiguru tmre activity have a more ra3ld

0

recovery than any other grnug. The subjects having the slawcst
recovery rgte ware tLase in the moflaratelg active groIp.

Naither 5 0r 6 givas a clear luflcution 0: a relation-
ship between level of physical activity in daily life anj
heart rate during rec avery frwn 5H1; «Vlmal waIk. This could

be due to a lack of such a relatimnghip or a weakness in tha

questionnaire usad to 833353 tu9 lcv 91 CE activit'. It is

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RELATLONSHIP OF HOMEMARING AND OCCUPATIONAL

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RELAIIOKSHIP OF HOMENAKING AND OCCUPATIONAL

ACTIVIIY TO HEART RATE DURING RECOVERY

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RELAFIORS”IP OF LEISLRE TIME ACTIVITY

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FIGURE 6
RELATIONSHIP OF LEISLRE TIME ACTIVITY

TO PEART RATE DURING RECOVERY

felt that greater accurasy was attainoi In eaclzatlng
activity level in loisv re t.1an in hareughln; activities.

Haart Rate Values And Baiy Conpositlon

Figaro 7 513?; tha recovery ratas for throo oiffhrent
grants; tha forty subjects war divifioi izzto three different
groups doyefilia; on t3.?lr pa “ cont of 5t3.11li wol3ot. Ono
group contains all suhja 3:9 11th one stanfiard deviation abovo
and bola: the m3 .3 (thlatI-1.1o sabjoozs). 'Thls range In-
clurfl as SLa‘Ier woights of 82.11 to lC'l.8 3 per cgnt. A second
group contains all aIBjezts two st3n31r£ dovlatlons or more
above tha mean, anj tha thirfi group cantalns all subjects
two otao1ard d3vlations or more below rite mean. It can be
seen from Figure 7 that those s~ljjects ta: staniard devia-
tions below the mean per cent stanlard 331 la: had the lowest
mean heart ratas an} those subjects two stanlard deviations
above the mean oer cent stanflard weight had the highest moon
heart rates. This indicates that as weight increases, warn
load increases and the heart rate inoraasos proportionately.

It has been previously pointed out that lndivlfiuals of
different weights exoonfl a varying anaxnt of energy to
accomplish the same task. By using the following formula,
it 18 possible to calculate fhe aoount of work dono by an

individual.

F1 ..

/‘/O 3‘

Air <

/30 '3

/Z5~3

/20 4

[/5 '3

AM ‘

/05' ‘

/00 ‘

 

 

-54-

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOI 2 St(’:nd‘ird E)eVi‘~‘ti-0ns
\ below the mean

1 St nd rd Deviation
from the me1n

 

‘lfi'
|+

Stcnd1rd Deviations
above the mean

 

 

 

953
W93
86'3 l““~——"'
80-4 ‘.§0.. ..‘.
..’.‘....°o.“.. o. ..'
75q "'0
7" T c, ' c, f E, 32 ~'» 3 “is
K1 3’» 3 3 Q ‘37 "B “ ‘3 T‘ 3‘
'o 3 3 3 \ a m 3 3 1 -
TIME.
FIGURE 7

RELATIONSHIP iLETvJEEN PER CENT STANDARD
WEIGH'L‘ AND HEART RA'lE IEURING RECOVERY

.55..
Body Weight X Height of Step x Number of Steps
12
Foot Pounds of work
dhere height of step - 8 inches
Number of steps I 72 (24 X 3 minutes)
The following totals of mean foot pounds of work were accom-

plished by each age group:

30-35 6128.16 ft. lbs.
35-40 6603.36 ft. lbs.
40-45 6413.66 ft. lbs.
45-50 6152.06 ft. lbs.

It might be thought from these figures that the relatively
small amount of foot pounds of work accomplished by the 45-50
year olds might be responsible for their lower mean heart

rates during exercise. However, the 30-35 year olds had the
highest mean heart rates during exercise and they did the

least amount of work as measured in foot pounds. A correla-
tion coefficient of .214 was obtained when correlating kilo-
grams of body weight and maximum heart rate during exercise.

This variable has I relationship to the heart rate during

exercise, but it is apparent that it is not the complete answer.

The correlation obtained means that 21.4 per cent of the

variation in maximum heart rate between individuals during

exercise was related to v:ri3tinn in 331 1: betH3>n indiv-
13331 3.

“fi' fi - ‘ _, .. .. .3 ~ ‘w n,‘ H . : -‘ ' -
bigare 25 8533133 €1.13. recwer‘z r3333 5...?! talkie: {2.5.1i‘t‘63r3t

grougs divided by kilograms of ta: free holy wright. fine

1

yrs u3 cod-»in all 313J*vts within one 3233 3rd deviation

‘H
35).

33:1

f the mean fat free box

0

I
‘. '1‘; 3-" " 1~~‘;-:'~0'-¢ f ' ‘7‘
;' “bi ..‘;b (‘5:- t‘llachy“ J in.

(,5
33.3.
r.
“1‘

9 i ' a
\-

Thls r3333 in: 3333 nilcgrars 53 fat fr3e H} v>z‘ut free
35.33 to 45.33. A second gr333 cantaina all subjects two
standard deviations 3r were above the wean an} the third groan
contains all subjects two stenfiari £3viati3aa or m3re 53133
the mean.

the subL :t3 into t:.333 3:333; it can be
seen that those subjects having the least kilograms of {at
free body wei 3hr (two 3 unrur. ovrati:13 be 133 tre wean)
had the greatest recavery of er 2v of t.he tnr3e :rouvs. lhis
is another inlication that to tal holy 33 ignt is sn~wm
relatéd to heart rate recavery from sub exival warn. The
subjects within one at anjarl d e'mi ion of the wean and the
subjects two stanierd deviations above the me ilozrxxs

of fat free body weight had very similar recovery r3t3.3.

3

Figure J showing the relatisnohio cft t:al bo'y wai§5t
.. 3 '4'

\

fat free body weight, further 8343I~ntieces the co onnection

between total body we :ht and hen

'1

t rate recovery fron sub-

mnxlmsl work. A3 noted from Figure 3, fat free body woinht

D—I
‘ n

/301

[25

IZO

//J’

/IO

loo

‘75 '

90

w“

80

75'

7o

 

 

-37..

 

2 Stdwddrd Deviatiwnfi
aboxn? the bkaxn (13»,31 -
51.93 V8. Fat Frne Bodv
W81. azht)

: 1 5t.ndird DHVLUCLWH

 

 

4 Frum the M0%n (33.50 -
51..373 F31. Pfizt FL We
3 Rudv Weith)
lb. \
.1 oooooooooooooooo 2 St.111(111'd DeVifltL’W’llk
belnw the Mean (34.40 -
39.47 }Q;. FJL FH~W'
ffimfy #014nt)
3.
.gooooooo.
é ' ‘ g g .5 3 £* 4 3;
”.‘x x; f 3 ‘2 "N 2 ‘1 3’ "7 $7
,3 \ M § . N ‘ “ V: “ (N
‘ TIME
FIGVRE 8
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAT FREE BODY

WEIGHT AND HEART RATE DURING RECOVERY

KOO.“

Hm

L‘)

?01r

80‘

70‘

(:04

5o~

O
O
O
O
I
O
O
D O O
' o

'0

O
. ..

. O

 

40

 

3 \ N M $ 3 «I» m<> é“'~ M‘* § Vik h<r‘é s N m.* &

FAT FREE BODY WEIGHT (Kg.)

FIGFRE 9

RELATIONSHIP BETHEEN BODY WEIGHT

AN? FAI FREE BODY WEIGHT

was closely related to rate of racovery. Figure 9 further
shvws that there is a very definite rclatianahip between
fat free body weight and tozal bady weight. ‘hia 3&em3 to
indicate that there is a relationship batween the total

9

body Wfiififit of t; suajaats in this stuiy an} their rate of

{i3

recovery from subca“imal work 33 ex resaed in heart beats

-‘ ., ' . 1
9e: minute.

..‘”wu -. 4" YM 31:: ,\r a «'43:. 3 3m. '3 I. 'f"?"‘:3 "7'3”"
at) J“. tLflLIY’ C ‘ 0- J E i I ‘

ML“ wkvv ‘Gui-Av rub-flu... “My JtI‘LV“ w

., . w -
5 J "M " f
o ‘ I 'm- L- ).‘-‘--

As the population of t? 3 world contiosas to enjoy
increased life expectancy, we will be continJally con-
fronted with the problems of ageing. TL3ra is a scarcity

of information concernin5 the affacts f ageing on the

0

P'“

various boiy {onotio as 0 both wen and WOLCH, but the 1331:
is most apparent in women.

The primary ouroosa of ttxls study w3s to inves tig3te
age associated changes in heart rate valuas during and after
a submaximal work test for evaluating physical fitness of
women 30 to 50 years 011. Closely relate d purgoses were to
study the effect of the level of thysical activity in fiaily
life and body composition on the heart rate during and after

submaximal work test.

The subject gro p was cotoosed of 43 women volunteers
between the a3o act 33 and 53 with ten women in each five
year age group. Erior to tne test each subjact V33 examined
by a physician and given approval to particioate in the test.

A submaximal work test was used. Each subject stepoed
up and down on an eight inch platform for three minutes

duration at a rate of twenty-four regetitions tor minute.

I
.

heart rate recorgings were taten on a 3 33b: rn Twin-Visa
Recorder prior to the stew teat, six timea d3rin5 the stew
test, and eleven times during an eight minute recovery
periofli m“ Hately f: ll wing the test.

The level of physical activity was ascertained by use
of an intervitw queaticnnairc in which ea ch suzgject g.ve
information on her befienating, leisure time, and cc uaational

ctivitica. Tais information wss uaa d to 8331: n the infiiv-
iduals a combinafi homefiaking occuwational rating and a leisure
time rating. All subjects were rated on a four level scale

of light, moderately active, active or very active.

Anthropometric measures taien were height, waight, and
pug ic e .infcld measures. From thse measures per cent of
standard weight, predicted Specific grav ty and fat free
bofly wci5nt were dcterninei for eacix Sibject.

The data obtained was analyzed by use of charts, gramhs,
and correlation analyses. Cnafficicuts of correlation were
obtained for tine relationflhip betyzceq (1) 3'3 331 mixiqim
hcart rate during exercise, and (2) wci3.t and maximum heart

rate during exercise
C OI‘SC Li: 31'. 313 S

The following conclusions were drawn from an analysis

of the data:

-62..

ii) The subjects wara primarily from the middla socio-
economic class. Aighty-two and onamhalf per cent of the
subjecta were in the lower midiie and upper middle classea.

(2) Thara is no clear iniieatiou of a relationship
between level of physical activity in daily life ani heart
rate as asaessei by the activity recall used in this study.
However, it seems that thaae subjacts most activa in leiSer
activitita recovered faster from submaximal work.

(3) Body weight, per cent of standard weight, par cant
of fat of body weight, and {at free body weight were graatest
in the 35-40 year age group. It agpears that these measures
increased for the subjects in this study tu the age of 43 and
than berin to decrease.

(4) There was a high poaitive carrelatitn between total
body weignt and fat free body weirht. In addition, those
subjects having the least amount of fat free body weight had
the greatest heart rate recovery. These two factors indicate
a ralationship between total body weight and heart rate
recovery.

(5) Eighty per cent of the subjects in this stufiy had
per cents of standard weight less than 160 per cent. It seems
that subjects volunteering for a physical fitnass test tend
to be underweight as comparefl to stanflard wright for age, sex

and height.

I
c“ \
L»:

I

(6) “here seems to be no dietinct age trenfia in max-

imum heart rate values durinv submaximal work for the subjects

J

J
“A

rv‘
(‘1

\

in this etufly. The 0 r a;: group (45’53) were more sluggish
in their resyonse to the exercise stress and had a lower mean
maximum heart rate than the other age groups. The younger
women (33-35) had the highest mean maximum heart rate and

the fastest reaponse to the exercine. It is possible that

the younger subjecte were more subject to the effects of
anticipation than were the older subjects.

(7) There seems to be no soparent age trend in heart
rate values during the eight minute recovery period. However,
the 30-35 year old subjects hai a more rapid recovery at
one minute after exercise and eight minutes after exercise
than the other three groups.

(3) There seems to be a greater variation between
individuals in maximum heart rate during this submaximnl
work test than between age groans. This would seem to be
due to the many complex variables which may blur the effect
of biological ageing. The subject group for similar tests
should be selected from physically active infliviiuals in orde

to study the effect of biological ageing on work capacity

and to minimize the physical eetivity variable.

-fifi.

(9) a correlation coefficient of .214 obtained
between maximum heart rate and weight shows a small rela-
tionship bctwecn these two variables. This is due in par
to an increase in energy expended daring the step test for
the subjects of greater weight. Heart rate increased as

the work load increased.
RESOfiflifiDfiTIDKS

(l) The subject group for similar tests should be
selected randomly and in greater numbero in order to stufiy
the effect of biological ageing on the work caoacity of
individuals.

(2) Each subject should have a complete trial test run
on the tretdmill with all apgaratua that would be usad in
the exact test situation rather than simply a trial of the
exercise performance.

(3) The test should be given in an air conditioned room,
if possible, in order to eliminate any possible effects of
varied external tcmgoraturca.

(A) The submaximal work test might be extended to five
minutes. At the end of the three minute test used in this
study the heart rate of tho subjects was still increasing

and had not reached a steady state.

-55-

(3) The recarding of the heart rate éaring exercise
and recovery shauld be mafia during the last fifteen seconds
of each minute insteafl of the first fifteen sacenés of each
minute. This would give a better indication of the rtla-
tionship between exercise and recov&ry heart rates. In this
study the recording of the third minute of exercise was
taken from two minutes ta two mixutes and fifteen seconds
after the step test began; the actual maximum heart rate
reached was not recorded. Consequently, the recovery heart
rates had to be analyzed withaut actually knowing the maximum
heart rates reached. As a result, the heart rate during the

first fifteen seconds of recovery was, in some cases, higher

than the recording of the third minute of exercise.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

')'>J*- -fi
TfiJ I . .p

a.N 1. ;- ~ .. ,.,, , . _, 'r. . ..‘ H.‘ .~ .
910229“, JOSCE (Gig). 1,"? . 531"}1U’W‘.‘ ' .21L‘3 mafia fulffi‘fi vultritic‘n.

”v -

O
Leuroit. Jayne LTniversitv Lress, 1233.

 

 

A. . _, _‘ ; h “ ,, ..- ’. " a H‘. .
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3‘1-wa-=.~.1r~,~:~:a1 ‘ ”Mrs: @315 .Cf cam1....g_._i"‘..13.:z::’fi"‘m in _

 

 

 

 

 

4

Raw xor : hccraw hill 530x gmupany, LJSJ.

 

"'5’, . '1'" 1 . -.'! ,. 'r ‘ E, 3’- . T~§ r, 3-4.1! ‘ .n‘ ‘4‘...
“1333, a1; reu J., and Fran“ J. Lassa}. L£;;;,J,t;Jq L:
' .. ‘ ' ‘ 7 ‘, _ '7': ‘ y'. . .1 ' _ -.‘ _ “ - f’ n
* ftfitzgfi, New for:: fichraw nle gcnw unngany, 1 JJ.

 

fiachaway, “illicent L., and Elsie D Paard. Figfrf? 913
'Jr**“fa_ (Lgsrkalta in :5 i. t 2
X3. 10, «9.5 min 1t01 a.

C dited States 9-warhnzw

ouu- . I

("a :9

I
.: nzrxcultural Researca >ervice,
Q .fl‘
. ‘s
L .1

fi‘
0
”I
P
J ‘
8‘1
r10
“9
I"?
i.»
? t
G!
.
'v-I

 

Johnsnn, darren 2., (ed. ). gpienme an
$33. New Yer“: Earner ani firsthers,

..- “' ..'" O n. ‘0 } I... ‘ g ‘ -
SCuafilfiCr, n. C., :;;P*11*1; at .17“ Lar A:

t v
Fhila ‘lyfiia. w. B. Jaunders $333337: 1j45'

A .. o 1" ' ‘- A '- ...... ..1 .... ‘2' T‘ ‘-'-~"-.-’.‘-~?.
tarb‘éits 1 d . R o g l‘: . JOB.1Q,:~.. r . Jim-x t‘LLR add W 1.4 o 1 "J vU-il-Jh'” o
‘ (‘9 b

irlllfifoc“.“10"ru"31c nuangez faring a 33-Lay thsical

Traifiiflg Perlo’", 5191109n Vé1fit JfiQ?ngL, 54: 55-553,
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Years Old", Reta PfiveifilqgiCfi *cnniifigrica, 42: 73-35,

 

1953.

'. I . ‘a 1
""I" ' ‘. j-.-’a ‘- 3“} $4” 4. t ‘1

i
1.1--ft9-1 “‘1 1.4x; AG -"| ugh-0‘4; can-a: 0" rQ‘Q
A I I ' I ' «a ‘ ~4 ma 2-..4 .. ap.‘ . .‘9 -& uI-i‘1!. ’

 

U)
C
"O
"U
Q“
(D
:1
n
C.‘
B
H
0‘
\O
\O
O\
O

-67-

Astrand, P. -3. "fiuman Physical Fitness with Quecial Reference
to Sex ané Age", Phyfiiclfigigal_fiev1gg, 35: 307-333, 1355.

_*;f and I. Rhyming, "A Annu.r31 fo r 311ca13t1n1 of
Aerobic Capaclty (Physical F1 tness) frsn Pulse Rate During
Submaximal Kerk", *'lgp11 Qf A111_193 “111111111, 7:
218-221, 1954.

 

aenéiict, rancis G.. and Haz'eltane Steinem Farmenter. “The
Energy Me ab;-lism of wane; while Ascaniinq Cr Descending
Stairs“, amatican J1ur141 3f Fquiq1azy, 84: 675-695, 192'.

Bock, A. V., C. Vancaulaert, D. E
Hurxthal.“z%tu<1ies 1333
Changes (”carr111 1n ”1n 8
56: 136-131, 1323.

. 5111, A. F01 ling anzi L. H.
113: Activity. III “r1311011

53.01.15". 7:. lav-“.91“;- cf -.‘:ia‘ nah-Iv

C
k
‘1' A. __L_Li.

5ro L3. Lucien. iarnazl J. Fraii ani Beatrice 5. Sav#g:%
'"Studies in xfzysical “Lficipnrr of Colleye Students",
:searzh Quartgggz, 13: 211-22-, 194-.

Cogawell, Rabert C., Charlea 5. Henderson and Georga H.
" ryman. "5033 Observations on the Effects of Training
on Pulse Rate, 51003 Pressure ani Inc arance in “41313
Using the Step Test (Hfl ward), Ireadmill and Electro-
dynamic firage Bicycle Ergymater", American Journal of

‘ ', 146: 422-433, 1556.

 

Lamez, Harte 1., Percy A. Dawsnn, Dorothy “athis, and Margaret
“UTT3Y. "Cariiovascular P.3---153 1n Athletic and San-
athletic Girls' J:~r—w-1 3f the iafifigan ur-«fal Q§§,fi

Ab.$-

£3.23. 33: 1423-1422, 1925.

Bill, 3. 3., "2ffecta 0f lhysical Strain and High Altitudes
on the 5:3rt a 1d Ci mulatijn", gy1ric11 511r: Jrirnll,
23: 411-454, 1342 . ‘

Ericxson, Lester Ernst Simans nrv L. Tayl-sr, Howard

K. 22:)
Alexanai-r, an. Ancel 933. "The Ener1y Cost of horizontal
Grazfiie wal ing 0‘.1 the Fot1r Erive nTreadxill" 35;;13-
3011131 0: FEyeiciegy, 145: 331-23 , lv-é.

 

Hcdgscn, Pauline, "Studies in the ihv310151y of Actixity': I
On Certain Reactions of 8011915 13'11 to V0 S‘zr4 ACCiVitY".

pun-9

131,51311rgh,5_1;r:€r1v, 7: 3-23, 1335.

Fesulre. Carson and Geatoa D. fihlte, ”Ike Measurement of nocial
Status", Re9e1rch Fame: in Human D=velounent F0. 3
(revised), Degartment of Edu;ati anal Psychology, The
University of Texas, fiarch, 1955.

C‘

xontavt, H. J., J. Dayna Collins anfi Gordon C. otauffer,
Effects of Cond itinning on the 541115t9‘JI5iovxu of
9i

 

 

 

Callega Basketb=tllx layezs", LQ.,511054{;§119. 15!, ul-
Ofi“, 15: ++9~4 m3 1? 3).

Pace, N., ad 3. N. Rathbun, "StJdies on 50:1; CWfiwoaLtion. 3
The Bodv water and Chemically u--519mi Nitrogen Centant
in Rtla tion to. Eat woutudt", _Jau:jig_gf fiifilfiéical

Rhyming, 1., "A Hadified 53:7va:1 ftep Test for the Evaluation
of Physical Fitnesa”, figjfit91hg9inlggjg, 15: 2.35-253,

 

1353.

- Ernst,‘ %hysical Fitue93 ani :ork Ca?RC ity of Older
Hen , ;:.::SC ;£;:, 2: 110-119, 19w7.

oceinhAJS. Arthur 5., "Chrsnic Lffacts 03 31213199". Xiliiik’
911:31 $991999. 12: 103“14?9 1133'

 

 

Taylor, Cr ralg, "3: 55163 in Exer:1se lxysioltryd
Journal 35 1'3315191;, 135: 27-42, 1943.

mahlund, Ho1gar, "Ueternina ticn of the Physical working
Caéacity", 51:9 ”95:39 “3113113v139, VOL. 13?. 3399191
mentum 213, 1943.

 

 

Young, Charlotte, Elizabbe'1 Hertine, 5. Tenauan and Joan
Eloniin "Pr951ct153 Speclfic Gravity and Bady Fatneaa
in Young wOfien", 3333111 If t1? Afijgiqgn Vif‘1t11
9332;13t13n, 40: 1:*’-1.?, 1965.

 

APPENDICES

.\:41JI-IJ.5I.“? ‘

1 A. ... _. 1
-.yna-miuwwmo

 

 

or F.13 p Q ‘ ..T.
“1". 1Jrlf 7: :‘d ’ 4.1L}. " ..i. ..., 2. i Ju .. .- ¢~a‘ A“.
JH.3, 1'? isifih“ Helgdt -1; d
a...) 'w‘a‘c l' r
(113.- Hi.) Cu'l.) ‘. UP.) '31.} (5‘1”...)

(...
U:
+<
*1
a

1 31-4 133.5 51.33
2 33-13 175.5 C?.13
3 33-3 157.3 51.63
4' 31-1 156.5 (5.26
5 3+-11 173.5 53.13
6 32-3 157.5 55.52
7 -2-1 135.5 53.54
3 37-10 157.0 57.45
9 31-6 157.5 55.12
13 33-2 172.0 53.23

35-40 Yrs.
11

H
\J
N
U
C

3

7- . ,
12 3- 155.0 57.25
13 3 156.0 52.3)

I ‘

\LJLULII‘-
I
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3
*1

s.
C.
.

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0
DOUILICJUIUI

14
15
13

55.83

I P
54.6J

Pirdh‘rlh‘r‘
(NV‘Ufo

17 5’ £3.13
13 5- H . 7Q.3$

23

40-45 Yrs.
21 44-7 153.0 52.43
22 43-0 173.3 53.43
23 44-1 155.5 55.12'
2% 43-5 157.5 54.30
25 44-3 175.5 72.33
26 44-10 153.5 53.?
27 44-1 151.5 53.20
23 42-7 172.3 73.63
29 43-3 156.? 61.74
30 43-5 165.9 53.93

45-5) Yrs.
31 fiS-B 155.5 53.12
32 46-7 167.3 63.?6
33 45-1 175.0 71.83
3% 43-7 157.5 33.94
35 48-0 153.3 33.33
36 43-6 172.3 €1.73
37 45-9 151.5 fi3.?h

wumuugawwmm

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30.5%

33 43-3 139.5 50.53
3; 45“A 13203 55073
43 45-4 173.fl £5.73

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5:1 U: 5:) V 0

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Q£QOOOCL~£J (DOC)

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ELK $.13? C5? 5:11? {.5 .3: “£123.52

 

 

Freiicted height Per Cent Per Cent of
Subject (Pounds) Staniard eight Fat of Body
“1
30-35 Yrs.
1 135 85.65 26.24
2 159 97.43 33.91
3 132 88.69 26.79
4 146 192.95 27.99
5 159 $7.33 29.44
6 146 87.5 24. 76
7 14? 85.21 23.98
8 4" 83.61 27.79
9 13?. 93.94 299.15
13 159 99.90 25.04
35-4“ Yrs.
11 154 197. 79 33.63
12 , 142 99.85 26.1
13 129 91.47 26.29
14 159 E9. 23 21.79
15 145 92.47 29.64
15 132 93.13 29.54
17 159 39.09 2 .65
18 142 113.31 39.61
19 159 79.33 24.11
29 159. 120.09 36.29
9-45 Yrs.
21 143 82.52 23.95
22 174 89.66 25.31
23 149 63.57 23.83
24 155 76.71 21.13
25 159 191.89 32.23
26 149 85.71 27.08
27 197 76.87 25.51
2°164 95.34 31.71
29 136 194.41 33.01
39 151 190.66 31.00
45-50 Yrs.
31 151 85.75 24.73
32 143 99.39 31.56
33 39 95.27 23.31
34 149 82.14 27.52
35 130 195.33 29.56
35 164 84.76 26.36
37 133 73.63 21.73
33 143 79.72 26.49
39 147 84.35 27.12
43 164 91.45 26.32

A.
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\DUJNIC‘~W$"U?JP-‘il

10

35-43 Yrs.

11
12

QOQDOCDCJEBC'JC)

17.13
14.3%
14.47
15.96
13.70
15.63

24.89
14.97

x1J uglx. F LJICTLD SCLSIFIC GRAVIT”; ’1L33\535
OF FAT, A50 ATLQSKAMS "F SAI F32; JCSY -13
Freflicted Fat Fréa
Sgbfact Sgéeific Cravitz Fat {$9.} weiwht (7;
.33 33 {:a.
. 13.55 33.12
, 23.46 45.72
. 13.85 37.83
0 17.9:5 468.3.

13 . 13.70 33.3
14 . 12.95 45.4)
15 17.72 42.0?
16 15.13 33.47

{“3 U1 L0 41“ W Le! U" 4:" 4'“ u 3:“ I) 4-“ 4;“ 41‘ L») 44‘ L‘ b3 47>

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DOCJCfiOWDOOOCI OOOOC1OC30LDCIJ OOOOCDOOOOCD

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16.63
22.31

12.65

22.33

. 5;.94
go . 29.23 51.3

wU-4J
2 5 12.55 33.53
22 . 4 17.91 51.43
2 . 5 13.16 41.3t
24 . 3 11.47 42.83
25 . 3 23.34 43.96
26 4 14.41 33.79
27 12.31 37.39

48.21

I;

3
29 . 3 20.33 41.36
49:53 Yrs. . J 11.1; 40.03
31 . 4 14.23 3.92
32 . 3 19.90 43.16
33 . 4 20.34 51.52
34 . 4 14.02 35.92
35 . 39 17.97 42.83
‘35 . 45 15.26 45.44
37 . 54 9.54 34.40
38 . 45 13.35 37.05
39 . 44 14.92 43.53
40 . 45 17.57 43.19

 

mm“ rad mqa mma OMA mwa mm mm
cNH HHH mud mad woa qw h . ma
cwa wHH mfifi 70H mod moa mm m
mNH mHH CHM aw rod on an ma
-ma dNH $HH qHH Had sea on mg
«mg qu mma Mm MNH mad mm ma
mHH Nag mmH flea mm mm on ¢H
hue HNH wad moa MC mod mm ma
“Na MNH mad mag flog mm mm NH
nma fima mag mug nNH mHH dm AH
mumak odtnm
flaw mad wca meg aw mm fie 0H
@ma mma NNH , mad nag mad aw @
mmH Hod mma Mme mda maa ¢HH m
NMH GHH mad wag moa mm an n
cfid fima QNH nma mag $0M aw m
MNH cmd wad wag no“ 69 no m
~MH qu mma mma amw hoa an d
mma sma mma. ¢MH «ma «NH mm m
nqa 0mg fiwd qwa NHH nod m N
MMH NNH nma DNA «Hg maa mm a
auwmh nmuhm
=na.mn.N :na.au.a .vam owcmd.uwm mdlum.umw omuma .owm mHoo maaummm uuamfimm

.12. 3/113...
..u w an... ..m... ..

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mm“ \m mHH Nag moH w& mm o¢
HmH oma mHH Haa mag NJH mm mm
mag OHA dog 00H mm «a mm mm
mad ¢c~ 00H mm mm mm Hm mm
and on“ HNH mag meg mw on on
Q¢~ mmfi mafl maa 90H we“ 0 mm
mma wHH mad mag mag mm qm an
mag cdfl mma «ma um“ had 00H mm
mm“ mafi mag mm“ mad cog .w mm
~¢H mud .NH mag mHH NHH hm am

mummh omcmq
wad «ma Hma mm“ mNH wHH mm on
mma Hod dma mqa mag and mm am
mag 0H“ mad and 53 am an mm
ma“ Had wag moa mm so an mm
ama mma ONH hag NAH 0AA mm wm
«ma mad mHH Nag mag moa mm mm
om“ mma ANA RNA ANA maa dw «N
mma mqa mma an“ mwa oma om mm
and as wm mm mm «5 mm mm
maa NH“ «HA QHH wag mm mm am

mumw% mqoné

=ma.mu.m :mH.Hu.H .umm ooumq .ucn mcuom .uwm cmnma .uom mane madamwm nomnnnm

A.v.ucoov mm

Fl... I ..’-1. A“:
I‘m, HUAM ”Mir!“

Hommmvn. mKHgQ 07.3 mem H6. mmnd<>

3H4“. ..—

:1

xxx“

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.moauwa huo>ooma muscHE xam

m maso wag muowmmvm m «

 

-..NN-
OOH OOH OOH OHH OOH NHH OOH HNH OOH OOH OOH OH
mm cm cm mm Hm qm hm hm ma qOH dad ma
OO HO OO OO OO Ow NO Om OO OOH OOH OH
Oh Oh HO NO OH HO NO OO OO OOH OHH OH
OO OO Om OO OO OO HOH OOH OHH OHH OOH OH
OO OO HO OOH OOH OOH OHH OHH OHH OOH OOH OH
Oh OO ON OH OO HO OH OH OO ,O OHH OH
OO HO .O O OO O OO OOH OOH OHH OOH OH
HO OH OH OH HO Oh Oh OO .O OO OHH OH
HO H OOH HO HOH OOH OOH OHH OOH OOH OOH OOH HH
Ohm oq-nm
OO OO OO NO OO OO HO OO Om Om Om OH
OO HO OOH OO NO NO OO OO OOH OOH OOH O
OO O OOH OOH OOH OOH OHH O. OOH OH OOH O
O O OO Om 3O Om OO OO OOH OHH HOH O
NO OO OO OO OO OOH OO OO OOH OHH OOH O
«O OH Oh OO OO Ow On NO OO HO OOH O
OO hm OO OO OO OO OO OOH OOH OHH OOH O
- - «O HO NO OO OO OO OOH NHH OOH O
- - mm mm OO OO OOH OHH OHH OOH OOH N
- - OO OO OO OOH OOH OOH HHH OHH OHH H
.OHO OO-OO
zmeh OOHWO .mH.m OOH.O OOH.O OOH.O OOH.H OO-OO OO-OO OO.OH OH-O OOOOOOO
0-h I.@ I.& l.¢ IOM I.N I.A .Umm .00m 06m .owm

 

»V.H>O.Umm CZ MDQ m4H 31.7.5 mafia u....fi..32

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(1)

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ker cent fat

9.414.433 FUR

q w.r:o~‘.‘q". 'I
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‘~'~»l -'H .. . 3. .1.
own T‘.'_"'} f‘i‘t‘ 1 thl'f! ‘11 "I‘l‘\’ - 5112....an
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nilo3r3 as fat

(3) Filagrafia of fat

kilograqs

*flathbun and Pace, "3

5119131 1ist1v
1955:674,

1945.

w‘rr

(1) Specific

‘ .. X;
NLen . 1

of boiy wei

8 &fl cent fit A bviy weight in kilafr.ns
free bflfiy weight

ire? boiy weight n bfifiy weight in F3.

min o:n¢031timz I",

*r'x‘d' ‘:“;"~ 1",?” "V1" ‘2‘ '-_1“.‘ ‘ ,‘ " b a 7 ' 1'
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$4

-73-

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*1: X “41.25 h C.

ACTIVITY RisiLL 3323313333: 3

v .x

an: Lu
H.113...“ ~q.~\' :. ~.-r‘y'-" :
‘3’;:-“:‘.I 1.44.. .3191; ..JJ \

\J'ULJLsa. 3...!“

5

what is the highest grade comaietefi? 1. Sana 2. Elem. 1-3
(Husband's, if marriei)

 

LA
0
d}
(J
O
b
C
D
U
H
...:
m
I C’
{b

1-5
shat is the hita fixes: de~ree awariei 1. 3 1M3 393:31 3191033
to you? (335% ad's, if marriei)
2. bachelor's
32...“. Kaster's
4. B3ctorate

5. Ether (Specify)

«hat is the majar s31rce of
your f3mily incame? 1. Inheritéd Savings and
Investments

3. Farnej 99a1th
3. Profits, Fees, 0'"iti
4; Salary, Connissiaua

5. 3533 on hourly basis

6. U33 3333 or Baas3nal wsru
m

7. funiic 39113:
W

IO

 

finve you ja::;2laated in any
0‘ the follogin; activities
durin: the past twelve months?
n:t*vltv far:i:*~**ifia
2-3 4 or more
x 'Oca x week 3 week

 

Power floating
Shufflebsarfi
Skeet Shoot
Archery (target-fialfi)
Bowling

Camping

Lawn Bowling

balling

Table Tennis

Canosiug

Golf

Horseback flldiag

Social Dancing

Walking (recreational)
Archery (hunting)

flame Canditionlng Exercises
Slcycling (recreational)
toln-Square Bancing
hunting

lee saatlnq

Roller Skating

Activity Participation
1. 2-3 “'6 or root:
x wash x week x week

 

sowing Boat
Swimming
Hiking Crosa Country
Scuba Diving
Softball
Volleyball

weight Lifting
GymnastiCQ
Hountain Climbing
Water Skiing
trestllng
fiandball

ce Hockey

Sadninton ,
Bashotball

.q :
kenolng

k:

what is the size

How often do you

Jhat is the size

How often do you rate

Mia t equi we at

 

work

your lawn?

worolng on your lawn?

in the

o you uoe in

05 your ggrfien?

_ \

‘5 (.4

of your yard?

A

"(.5 .1-

£1331,

133x10)

Once oar weet
2-3 x we:_

4 or more x weak
1%: 4‘) ya If}

Logs than l/& acre
l/& to l/Z acre
l/Z to 1 acre

flora than 1 acre

\

Mover or 1933 than
1 x week

1 x wean

2-3 X week

a . _,. ,, to...
Rikki?! 1:174:35

Have you

.- - a ..
o;"?’" ‘T‘? f'""
hmuaAaaxa

5““, ... r, _ I' -‘. .3,
“..'vw'l 1‘3.“ C; -L 3 Iv {3 t t I. 9- .5:! r
Ulailntfiaia (mi-:2

" " 1 l' ’
past theiia

2 I
tubing 0

, _‘ . u a. .f' . 4
raeaa anfl utu m win:

m
M

m

*—

Sulliiflfl garage
patlo

’-I‘f‘9“‘ “‘"" ”WV
uc‘mf'.‘ 31.51.33)

, .a- ..q
.-.

1 oiling Suit

house
Apartment

Faro

 

Other

 

activities.

Baily pick up
woekly cleaning
washing

Ironing

nod preparation

v2:
1'9
(h
H
U1

Clean up after

. 5'"

,l‘
M. EV

3

Enter a: 3 for the description of

Enter an X for the number of times

a)

_~____ Cleaning furnace
Fainting house
Euilfling Furniture
iuiliing extra room
Cafloating firlveway
Ether
I? on e

0'; Q'
U. ’y

selling unit.

 

..1 MA_ ‘c 3". ‘i‘

.... :L‘_~- :- CL £1;}‘L_ :z’
m
m
w

 

you engage in the following

All 2-3 1 x

 

 

 

the time x weak weak

.____.___ ..___.. ......
.....__.. ...—... .____
.__.____. ...—... ......
._______. ...—... ......
._._.___. ______. ......

~31- »

"".,"‘9*"' 1"
R‘KQLJI .
Wu

F}

 

Bow man" children and/or aflults of the following ages do you

have living with you?

.. g ......2. ' ...;“J. 3.2::
Eaby -5 33-4?
5-13 ,40-53
lO-LO 53-69
20-33 69 or over

 

flow m ny chi iron or aiglts do you care for with a chronic

Confiition or physical inpairmont?

ix: 3 n .53 Age
Children Ago
Adults Age

Enter an A for those activities which you have t3r3131P3ted in

during the past twelve months.

 

2-3 x month 1 x 2-3 4 or more
or 1393 week x week 3 week

hutch

Civic-service club
Grange

Fraternal organization

PIA or PIC

Business-professional
organization '

Other

'5'. ON:- p." ..., i - .- §.~ fl“ 1403 4‘ Agor~\’ ..' q. (‘3... A, 'N 1 'vr; {TR ..‘]
I . 3.x; ,3,» n...\: LL‘. J/qu‘.‘ U1. rfliluurxu I.~.i.-u.\

t" ..-... :- . .1.-
I“. flit-‘1‘ ‘3‘:f;fl\ 0-.- Ln ..'; I n ..‘,E

‘
d’l

l. ‘izo of home

h.)
C
"‘3
{L
;.$
r}. a
H
V:
(I;
H-
o
0)
,3
h
(3.
J
.5
3'}
'd-
f?
P c
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11

"l. -\‘,r‘-HF‘I,' . . . -I fix, .
3. “Omuguhlflg activities

9‘; A . -'. “a u H 4‘ l"‘ ' . ' ‘
4. none LfigrOVZuwflt 333 maintenanso

L40
0
r‘:
3
Q

;
{J
{’1'
P’
L)
L
..'J
H
5.3
‘ L3
{ l
3

N

11 . L21 5 .3“ :3 1:332:37:
1 1‘, M. ,3 , ,3 ..‘.
. oporrs an; garoun

2. Coomunity activitios

(‘1‘
-..}: ‘

A. Homemaking Index
1. 2123 of ko.3 - toirt valp£ is oqzol to numler of
rooms in the hOno

2. Family size and congogitioo

12-3335 £3333?“ng r3511"! duels;

 

1 2 3
njfillts 1. 2 3

"L J. .
Vitilnai‘t“

rd
L;
I
l“ J
‘ R
5‘0
P
‘3

Chronic Invalid Adult 2 4 6
chronic invalid 33113 4 8 12
3. .oo.omhioz notivitima

 

fooj irepar3:io1 3 Z l
C L'Jucs u ‘2 (45:12.15 31.": . . :- 3 2 1
Kick up a a 2
Weekly cleaninfi ? 6 3
s-iaai‘aing 3.? 8 5.

Ironing 12 9 4

-

Hono improvomoat and maintenance

Suilding; room, garaga
Cement work; drive or patio

Painting; house, walls
Tiling floora;
Building furnituro
Cloaning; furnace ,

:3 torm windows;

'aashing walls

fiinor repairs

Lawn care

a. Size

Hora than 1 acre
1/2 to l,acre
llh to 1/2 acre

Less than above

b. fiquipnent used
Hand mower
Power mower
Riding mower

Occupational Index

12

\23

Ch

K0 point ratings were given for occupation.

 

.Q

.1955"
4. v
x
8
6
4
2
. «a?
+. 2??”
n I

The ratings of

light, moderately active, active, or very active woro taken

from "Eatimates of worker trait requirements for 4,330 jobs

as defined in the Dictionary of Occuoational Titles" of tho

U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employmont Security.

 

11. Leisure Indox

1. Sports

Activity Class Activity ~ 1555

K5

curvy-Pg '7’ _~ :1"-
'1 in." V" 4 W

.Q

.5

.‘b
-

’a
"figs-A L.

n
p

.‘A-s
.. ...,i.

.1".

“3")

2-3 x month 2-3 x 4 or more
1 -. “.

 

1"ai'\"vr\F-:v f .
flat “or: X Wfiw- won; 2 "on“
v ‘ ..' .- .. 3 " "" i Q v -§- Li" '5
I 1:'¥“!"
fi" L“. l 3

Hoderately Active 2 6

\

«otive 3

(Pb-PM

9

Very Active 4 8 12

. a ’3 . y" o rt 1
3". 98. I"! ." ' f“ 4 ‘1‘
o '.-‘- '..‘- . L .\- '- Ll ‘w 1.. :. ..' Z ’3 ‘1 I“ 3. ...u

 

'3

\g—r

\

. R
me: A " 6- Ann. " L ' Y A“.
14; or hart-” i‘x moot week N w~sk

33x 20 to
3:3me 1 2 - 3

63x103

to
4b
cx

109x100 3 6 9

 

4 or not
2 a 3 X {qr-'- to?" x ‘33-. .37..-

_ —“.

fiativitv 293 X month 1 go:

‘21:.

up.

-|
3‘)
F“!
(

Cl‘zurcr. l. 2 3 (O-
Civic—Service l 2 3 &

Grange 1 2 3 4

Fraternal
Grganization l 2 3

Busine39-?rofessionai l 2 '

'1
H
r
I
H's
H
(“J
P“
N
:. La)
43‘ 4‘ 45> 43‘ b

Other 1 2 3

'. . ' , ‘ g 1" Q ’- ’\_ ".-'o.v-'I°I
»- z 1 . u
Lalrv". ...a a; ..'J\..':A-b& 3.4.185“);

..th “' i" l" {331K511 -»~. A I I. ‘ fv‘v'u-“7' . f"."._’”.\s‘c_
.4.. ‘ .. -... L .. z ' v”. -..- . L, 3‘ ‘~“
”J‘s-09h“ ‘45.»!!- _. .. “‘ ‘ -.. . . ‘ . «J‘d'

 

30-35 Years

1 .4 L

L»)
in
r

5 A ‘5, ft

13 a “7“
35-33 Vgars

11 LA

v.1,
‘ID

1 2 . . VA

13

Hr“
‘w
H
I»

(3.
(Q

'1'

*4
J.
<2
”5..

1 .i ... ltv
4... Via y 3
W O

19 u 5-!

LEVEL CF ACTIVITY RATINGS

" '7” ’ a, .' 1 v.'- 1'. I'V_ fa :— ._
Eufingf Hgirwgftkbzoixyfggrwxéh L;T,fi7f

 

43-65 Ypars

21 VA 263
22 IA FA
23 ' VA A
24 .1 .1 A A
25 ?L& A
Zb VA A

2} A A
29 fig“; VA
3:) A ll ‘

55-50 Years

31 L VA
32 VA VA
33 L L
34 L L
35 A L

27 ”X a
33 ”A A
3' ) TA 'J' ,
a; A VA

am

F’mfi'fi' 'n

«I: g III-'3." 4': 1 - I

luv”: UéE CHL
‘ 'l‘l

 

 

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293