RETREATINB NATURAL EARTH ROADS
WITH ASPHALT

THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF B. S.

Francis A. Bray
1931

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Refrnvd4Wq annrfil quth R0343

W3th fl? T’jt

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T49 F cn‘tv of
“TCQIflA” CT4“E COPLV1E
hf

EGRICUKTWRE 3V“ ADVLIFD 9°IFYCE

A.“
{1.2. '
Frhncie A. PTNy
#5-

R cheTOP of 9030nne

Ju“e 1951

THEblS

Q, 01.}; l

A cmrnWTW‘G EZF‘NT

The writer wi"hes to take this oyportunitv to o"yre¢q his
deep wr°titwde vrfl afimrecittinn to Mr. E. A. F5“ney, 09 the C4viT
Ehginepr5ng Department of Hintigan State COWTeCe, for Did nnd

guiflance in his work; 32% to the Ctfindard 0‘1 Cnmnqny of Ind*“r9

for materials.

Frfircis A. Br“y

INUEY

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IWmPQDUCTION

OW‘hg to the fact thet in not a few etrtes there 53

an "heehce

of etehdnrd negreante meteriq19 Per the huiifi‘v7 0P hfirfi surfqeed

rondO, theve teets have been mvde to determ4he the ~dv4¢§h*‘ity cf

using fi“~?filt With neturel eerth For road hu*‘fling nureo"e“. The

high cost of treeejortinq st"“derd effrefetes to cuch fiietricts

make their uee yrnkakat4ve.

Tt 4? the yfi“*e*e of this theeir to decerte3n the edvieihiiitv

of ue*“~ ““3hr7t, either in 5 hot or cold m§x torn, with naturel

earth to make 9 herd wearind surpnne.

The Ftetes n? MescqnhWNetts and North CQrOIina are naive dune

and heeeh “firfir in the canvtrwet‘mn 0P me‘T‘Pq surtecee
the we“tern ¢t°te" “re e";ertient mg with a sehd, c“ v,

mifitnre.

¢n4 svfie of

6.71/5! q q ‘v"_*r‘ 1t

HTPTOF

Te 1090 the Der‘““h of ”nrrx’, VP“ Y“rV U‘tV, r rurfneed POie

~“t.h *treet“ hv “7“0’1“ " 1"vcr 0’ ’t““ 4" to 8" 09 "the;
““rfl fie the flj“+ F°¢e '”" “*efiin" the roefi tn ttmtoin t0“ v few
Rave. 0,1; roe: mi“ WPG thc~ Vt “5 “t ” ”*te Of } t“ 1/5 VQTIOS

per ee vfl. “T; the Vow‘ W“? rollefi w th e 5 tee ro7‘er. m‘4“ ¢“Ve

‘ v o
VYCT“,I 'T’Tt'j pr"~‘+ nr‘r 7“,“ "‘114-1." .
U ‘ . L -A ‘H

A hnmqu Of 309”“ “n Lane ICTrjn have heen hwljt op fi‘owt 503

r—' o (If _ w o , . . '.. __’ h ‘.-
sand, :0% c~“t, find 20p clay. This w-r wvnfln‘ to q 70 are N , 3

' 1

the" ~*7 wna n ‘ieJ cn1a witn d nve~wure ‘fctri

- 5.

fi‘toY' "J" " rete Of

fi1“=d‘~j_t 71/53 to 9/5 pie-”on We? 8". vfl, rim-“if: Va" ‘3 4""“70Aiftc—‘e—‘Tf 00"“?‘9‘7

hv brovaonptipv ennd o: the surface.
Th 199? t*e Stete of Nevth Cnrdjfn” iMHPOVPH the4r +““q“?1

roefle “Y ecortffi::v "n? then roilifi" in hroken c‘tene t‘fiut 9" 1"

Tt w~~ than onenna t« avnpfl4e for o rhort ti;e. The“ +ko ”tene

Q

W”? f0“ke4 in 4“ "”09 ’“"39, 9 layer 0? heavy oil W“? fut on. Thate
r0 fie wrre Cnrrv4n: frog 4”“ to PO” ve‘inWD? n flev.

J?PV;0” :Nifitv, Nieeenri, fireflrfl eoge o? ‘te earth roede t4 e
Wow crown eh” then vjreved efl am with n pr""itv evetem. T“ifi fitT
W”? ““84 ”9 " ”Wet firevehtitive flee to turr the wrter. Thiq rethnfl
wet thh tqir euncess.

117innis he? ererimented with 01186 earth r0“fl w5+h ver‘efl
Punceee.

North Cer013n“ he" reeently one“tructefl a hot m‘"cfl jfivemert
1: Dave C~“ntv hfivinf a 1“he cegjOéed of on. pert beech rend to f“vr
pettq dune 99nd, PR3 7%% Aejhzlt. The we”r7nv rm“?“ee W“” mefle us

1 1
of one wert hereh ennfi tn thfiee p rte fitne, 10§% asdhqlt, end 7;%

fiiler duet.
The ro"v1tc ~P this «oqq

o? the ~nwe are teen? filnhrefl.

‘n

m ‘ro }j(..r‘,r'

r‘n

tqtieffifltorv thqt more

Three t“ :19?

1OCQ14tire, one tech 0? fined,

h

A? find1V"*s 0’

1O
2O
50
100
ogn
Silt
C1°y

on No.

A re? 1e 0? erfih

erghelt 5h difoerent proportions hv weifht anfl L01408 th0 5"
under 10,000 Jhe. firemeure, an” euhjr“tnfl to the F01‘0Wige te“te.
4hrorft‘en
00% Clny J 10% fin4hw1t 5.95%
90% Ftrd / 10% ’"fhr1t 9.70%
95% Cnhfi z 5% .. “~1t 1.93%
96% P “A l 4% 5"“‘“1t 2. 0‘
0:) .555 (‘.-d 1 701—513 Ab‘hf-‘t 0.27%
Tin w. x “(5‘11 (’1‘ Y1 mi) :401 d .
Ce;“r%"‘en (T9“5. ””0 F)
A. 90% 01%? ¥ 1“% 1~_%r1t 1861. per sa. ~n
. ““g Sand / 1rz n~,rr1t “62 1:~. 3.» ~m. 1n
9?. 5% Q““” 1 7.5% “thr1t 104 1h". finr f;. ‘h

‘91-'30 'J

O
s

05% e :d 4 5%
0”% Sana J 43

hf 9341

neakwwt
afiqurwt 1

PHOCFT'URE ’3. 1‘1) U “T A

”pre *“Vefi fen“ I‘rur'1 “‘1re ix

".qu n‘

'1n« ~, «:r.

the“? r‘fi““."7c>° "V"? 12.110 f011_""':‘"" T071” 13“:
Meicture EQUiV71Q“t
(“0y 90.77)":
L091: 19.19%
evzd 19.27%

Mechfhtee1 At91vris

Sand C1ey Inc;

0.4 gt. ”.7 0 .

1.8 0.7 1.5
74.5 11.5 19.0
14.1 37.6 17.2

2.2 5.7 19.9

3.7 1“. 05. 5

5.5. 4L. 5 -12

100.0 9i. 100.0 0“. 100. 00

Sfifid ?6.0%
1,0" “.1 51 . 3%
Hot “1*
efil Wes hh'ter1 °fi1 '**04 with hot Foreman?

172 1""
31 1"“:

‘0? "w.

“er "v.

519Femeht

0.9 e".

(31) hp 6

U1

1 5t““§"r4 “hair +P¢t W2“ HT‘O m"dp m’th th0”e “rm“th

Shenr (Temp. Q00 F.)

A 05% 01.. 1 105 ’~*“*1t 959 Who. may -- .-

5. 0“? “~44 1 10% no h-1t 1€55 15o. «pr v«. iN.
C. q?.5% Sand 1 7.5% p.q"“"1‘t 1_n’11 lbs}. :jpr- PIP‘.‘ 5W.
D. 95% 9“:i J 5% ‘5 *"1t 409 1hc. ?Fr "1. 4W.
W. 06% Sand 1 4% fi~xk~1t 5?5 159. per ”i. 4v.

T’qu-q ""“1‘1 (-3 wn+ wxn" r1 '

0074 Ti?

. n . 1 . . 4 r. ~.. .. . w
A Raj. 4" \ppf1 OY‘F) C’W“t1 ‘A_ “(’7' (2'1 C "“3 T59 +-¢ D'QL‘. 12" (75-11.! Te,

)

nyrno wax-"e. T'r‘ rmn‘w (‘flmflr‘T‘f/‘PVT't um" :sr-nlr’pri 1‘/2 (‘11. ft. 0*" U041 river]

with 7/4 9511fiv of Varorene cut %““k “";“”1t. 4 M4thro op 50% ”“fid
ard 50% fi”“ quij wnq u*€a 5* " v+~“fi~rfl. ha"e Wfit3195 v'eI‘e 9110W95
to cure three morVP bnfnre “ +C”t W”“ M““ ”n tVQL.

A 1"‘11 7055*45" 7} W"nrfiq “"" 5r5wwe1 P“‘; a %0*“Hfi of 10 fefit

J. _

on e"C% a? tun a": 199 qnfl tke "+‘”4*“’. 3 Furfi“; OP m'fflr w"? fken

Cfirfivpa nnfio fVe 5? 19? dvfl the ta + ”5" ”exp ted. T““ o ”“0 no

éorevne <“ t=e anvotvv+~»w a? +wn Th5 ng Arv .-- ice 05 th« ~°Me

'3‘:\
(7". ,-

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ram ,_;.'!“1 "l

A 53231°r tv“t W“? fi"10 0X é :hvnW92t kfiowq mg i‘Vot quq. Trig
jq"n?9“t i“ "*flut “fie Vn'r U1” “"7 '55 r *0 OP “f“nfi'rd ":jrej"te
rifiwfi With out back «~9h 1t,

Dh“rffim f:“fi

F. Stfil rd 17/70"
I

G. 300% 5~ya 1 1/54"

I. 100% Ln"; 51/04"
J. 55% Ln<m g 75% Sr . 51/54"
x. .5. cm ,1 75% 51/04"

Ahhfit R050 D“ve out (1 yo"” 010) 11/29"

I

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C7V‘”T7T¢TFWJ

Ufit fo

WH‘TQ tVo te't? WV40V tk¢ "Hi 7z- “:“9 vw‘:0?tr* t? "rre "rpjv
. _ .

0f f 1"%nr~t0”v n ture 9:7 not Hn4cr ”Pififll afifFrr ":4 70'? Pfi<4:ti h?.
it 5‘50”?1 tb“t T“TH135 for th foat "'“* *Wfi‘c'+e thn nfiv4vvh?7fifv 0F

fronenJ‘fi: with v fri°7 rpoti h of ro-d of each tjje of rail t~w+vfl

_ ‘, 1: 4.1- - . , ... .r_ .‘ ~ .. .
vgl CU‘;ent «'9 Tow; t3 “1. . .Ur Th' T L,, ‘ g".

;

51V?“Te "fl" infli(vrh~€ i“e "097%.? .“ ” n. N*‘4¢ C?"':*i fiFG hot n;‘L

- -

O n

for JigFt “0°fifi lI COVQTPJ W‘t” “ 0071 Font.

L

9734"?“ "12‘", +th ""Qfl "MUN imcf') LSfiypj-t "Exfefrp: +1,3 1m? Jrkr- 1“"‘t ’79:"!
jr09“004 re‘w7+° C“::‘P7370 tfi tkoae of PVPOfi "“_“'Tt.

The “tranfith OT fihfi rp‘t a? the Pfihd ~"MLTrfi v rfirfl with tke
qiount of ”thfilt urcd.

~

n>f9re no fe“t° c0_74 %0 :"~0 nwnw

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a

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p

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be 10%: would rot mold qnfl
5t. T”? rd““r“ti“" ‘c rifle thfit 4t 4* Uh"“ti~9motor7.

CflTd ”*Y

TP43 Tr “¥‘t< (D? +va CGVri if‘r 0"? ‘13?”1;"‘e thren "R f?:f’] :?ér +fiwe
rr°won fL't 5*9 “CL"FP“ “Fro hat n”*0604 tn wa we thpr, ‘nP b0¥ “winr
tFe *“r”‘i“e 0? tr29Fic.

‘ ’4 _ _ -- . _ ‘ 7.3.7 .
Pnfi;7p "U", lbhh CT"7, gvfe 1‘: *o‘t rP~H?+f. nnwrvnr, ifi x" “d

O

hW"e n r€?3 on“t t“ Wi‘bhtfind eror“>fi.

Snnxle "G", 100% 9326 ii t“%s C”éo "*vv tho wobrert T"“H‘5‘. If

)

Wivei a littjc more fiuo to vnlwt07ihe, it W“ Ti wocviHVy imdrove.

1

T0? 7“Vfi fair Ffit favorabJP re“WT+¢, “TO

THO otknr throw fi'
Jarve 7*bf7e 50 kt w~ tn fhr Po'~‘7*7itv 0P ~v++=s* +hnw +0 ne£wo1 ro~d fa~f¢.

T‘V? Wrfii3cr 74<¥"rr"hfi (“$71 "+T*erf3 *1 t fffie 'wDCF%‘*i7itAr 0“ffi1r+}u9r

l._:__

invcrtivqtidn if tfi tkn %”'t 1*TtWVG of can‘ find C7fl", 0? ficgfi 9“d 10°41

.u

4— ~
1

to “e uflefl 1:4; +VP 031% fir.

PTWJCBRAWW

Earth Roads Trn~to& “’th Staqn nrhes and Colfi i°9531tic “‘1 1991-

7
(F*:5ieer*hg Umw~~fiecord, V3]. Q7, f. 994).

Oiled cinder Strnots For Liakt Tr f?ic, 1021. (In E“;5tsnri”g Nora—
Record, Vfi‘. 97, j. 661).

chegheqrfl, F. U. “T: E. E. Bufitwrf:97% - Dirt R¢°95 Tfiefited With
q*0”m QChes ”Pd and Rfifi‘ Oil.

KonFler, L. F. — O475nc D€rt R0‘4G *n chkron Cd ntv, “0., 1922.
(Enginoerip: and Cort? “t3fi3, V0]. 58, p. 117)

Clemmer, H. F. — Vqrfh Road ijifig in I]Winnis, 19?3. (Efi7ineerinz
and Cvntrmcting, V01. 59, h. 76‘»?, 9130 Vun40i§97 “Dd Conwty
Fw;inenr%ng, V01. 64. 3. 10F~701).

Gfi1dbeck, A. T. — Oilefl Berth Roafls iv Land Irlnnd, 19“4. (Tn 91b—
1ic Rd639, VnW. 5, Sept., p. 21—92).

Gnldhefik, A. T. — 05704 EnrtH Boa”? fin Lona ITWQHd, 1995. (Wf:H”9y
Ergineor 924 Contrvvior, V91. 12, p. 61~8?, F€*ru“ry ).

HaTkinr, W. E. — Dune RNd Bohch Funds Combined Iv 9"nfl ' gfiqlt Job.

(Roqd: nrfl 9*”00t’; VOT- 71: 3- 172 J

 

 

 

 

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