WATER CONSUMPTION PRACTICES IN MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY RESIDENCE HALLS AND GENERAL FUND BUILDINGS By Matthew Morris A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Environmental Engineering 2012 ABSTRACT WATER CONSUMPTION PRACTICES IN MSU RESIDENCE HALLS AND GENERAL FUND BUILDINGS By MATTHEW MORRIS A water consumption investigation for Michigan State University’s campus was continued because of increasing costs in purchasing water, as well as the direct translation to energy conservation, reduction in greenhouse gases, and a reduction in power plant wastes. By examining past and present water meter data for Residence Halls and General Fund Buildings, water using practices and equipment were outlined for improvement. With the available water data and estimated costs from various renovation projects, cost-benefit analyses were conducted. Pay-back periods varied between the projects, but with some as low as one year, it is clear that changes to Michigan State University’s water infrastructure can result in significant economic improvements and reductions in water consumption. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was written with the persistent support, cooperation and efforts of individuals in various departments across Michigan State University and the surrounding community. Thank you for the continued efforts for promoting a sustainable campus. Lynda Boomer, Physical Plant Gus Gosselin, Physical Plant Bob Ellerhorst, Power and Water Amanda Groll, Power and Water Diane Barker, Residential and Hospitality Services Robert McCurdy, Residential and Hospitality Services Chip Hornburg, Residential and Hospitality Services Nestor DeOcampo, Facilities Planning and Space Management Pat Curry, Maintenance Service Department Ruth Kline-Robach, Water Research Institute Ward Anderson, Michigan Medical Supply Products, Inc. I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to my Professor and Advisor, Dr. Susan Masten, for her bright attitude and enthusiasm towards my academic and career goals. This report would not have been possible without her continued guidance. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 WATER PRICES .............................................................................................................................3 RESIDENCE HALLS ......................................................................................................................5 Water Consumption .................................................................................................6 Brody Complex ......................................................................................................11 Bryan Cost Analysis ..............................................................................................13 Brody Square .........................................................................................................15 Food Waste Pulper/Extractor .................................................................................16 Rain Water Collection............................................................................................21 Low Flow Fixtures .................................................................................................22 Smart Meter ...........................................................................................................24 GENERAL FUND BUILDINGS ..................................................................................................26 Water Consumption ...............................................................................................27 Plumbing Fixture Cost Analysis ............................................................................30 Laboratory Equipment ...........................................................................................37 Autoclaves/Sterilizers ............................................................................................38 Water Purification ..................................................................................................43 Laboratory Best Practices ......................................................................................47 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................52 FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES: WILSON HALL ...........................................................................57 APPENDICES ...............................................................................................................................63 Appendix A ............................................................................................................64 Water Meter Data ...................................................................................................64 Appendix B ............................................................................................................92 Inventory: Autoclaves/Sterilizers...........................................................................92 Appendix C ............................................................................................................99 Biomedical Physical Sciences Building Sterilizers ...............................................99 Appendix D ..........................................................................................................102 Residence Hall Occupants ...................................................................................102 Appendix E ..........................................................................................................104 Building Construction/Addition Dates ................................................................104 Appendix F...........................................................................................................129 Engineering Research Complex Reverse Osmosis System .................................129 iv Appendix G ..........................................................................................................132 Sample Calculations.............................................................................................132 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................135 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Summary of costs for Bryan Hall bathroom renovations ................................................13 Table 2: Water and cost savings for Bryan Hall bathroom renovations based upon water consumption ....................................................................................................................14 Table 3: Food waste pulper/extractor water and cost savings .......................................................18 Table 4: Low flow fixtures used in Brody Complex .....................................................................22 Table 5: General fund building average annual water usage trend ................................................27 Table 6: Costs used to determine total unit plumbing fixture cost ................................................31 Table 7: Payback period calculations for replacing a 3.0 gpf urinal with a 1/8 gpf urinal ............32 Table 8: Plumbing fixture payback periods for high traffic restrooms ..........................................33 Table 9: Original construction year of metered general fund buildings ........................................34 Table 11: Water meter data (KGAL/month) ..................................................................................65 Table 12: Inventory of autoclaves/sterilizers .................................................................................93 Table 13: Biomedical Physical Sciences Building sterilizers ......................................................100 Table 14: Residence hall occupants .............................................................................................103 Table 15: Building construction/addition dates ...........................................................................105 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Distribution of annual water consumption on MSU’s campus averaged 2004-2008.......1 Figure 2: Average monthly water consumption per capita for each residence hall .........................8 Figure 3: Change in average monthly water consumption from the 2009-2010 academic year to the 2010-2011 academic year ...........................................................................................9 Figure 4: Average monthly water consumption for high water use Brody Complex Halls ..........11 Figure 5: Flow diagram for a food waste pulper/extractor ............................................................16 Figure 6: Brody Square food waste pulper/extractor equipment ...................................................17 Figure 7: Food waste pulp stored in hopper at Brody Square........................................................19 Figure 8: Steam, energy and water usage display in Brody Square...............................................24 Figure 9: General fund building water consumption compared to the number of laboratories .....29 Figure 10: The effect of concentration ratio on laboratory cooling tower water consumption .....49 Figure 11: Tempered water is softened and passed through carbon filtration .............................130 Figure 12: The reverse osmosis system is activated when the reservoir drops to a set level ......130 Figure 13: Purified water is stored in the reservoir......................................................................131 Figure 14: Before water is circulated through the building, it is passed through an ion-exchange resin, a 22µm filter and a fluorescent lamp. ................................................................................131 vii INTRODUCTION It was reported in the 2011 Water Consumption Report that the campus of Michigan State University’s (MSU) water consumption can be partitioned into 11 sectors. The water distribution of these sectors is displayed in Figure 1. The top 5 sectors make up 89% of MSU’s water consumption, while chilled water and other (well main flushing, water bought for MSU, water sold from MSU, irrigation and athletic buildings) make up smaller portions. The five largest sectors and the corresponding volumes are: the Power Plant (411,000 KGAL per year), Research/South Campus Farms (393,000 KGAL per year), Residence Halls (336,000 KGAL per year), General Fund Buildings (290,000 KGAL per year), and unaccounted for water (286,777 KGAL per year). Water Consumption (KGAL) Average Annual Water Consumption 2004-2008 21% 400,000 20% 18% 15% 300,000 15% 200,000 7% 5% 100,000 0 Figure 1: Distribution of annual water consumption on MSU’s campus averaged 2004-2008 (Arnett, 2010). 1 The smallest sector, “Other”, includes water used to flush the distribution system and the well mains, water sold by MSU, water bought for MSU and water consumed in athletic buildings. The “unaccounted for” water corresponds to any water left over after calculating the other sectors. This sector can be associated with leaks in the distribution system, faulty meters or buildings that have sections (or the entire building) that are not metered. Residence Halls and General Fund Buildings were the primary focus of the investigation because of the large portion of water consumed (33% combined) and the expectation that changes can be made to the two sectors that will improve water use. Residence Halls have undergone numerous renovations in order to improve water sustainability on campus. In order to inform future renovation decisions, it is important to quantify the effect that past renovations have had on water consumption. By outlining shortcomings and improvements to water consumption in these two sectors, swift action can be taken when unique funding opportunities present themselves. 2 WATER PRICES The “Be Spartan Green” initiative prompted MSU to actively pursue improvements to energy, waste, and water sustainability. However, with funding sources limited it is important to address the most cost-effective issues first. The fundamental variable in determining the cost effectiveness of water use changes on campus is undoubtedly the cost of water. While a majority of water used on MSU’s campus is pumped from the Saginaw aquifer, water is also purchased from East Lansing/Meridian Township and the Lansing Board of Water and Light. A small portion is also pumped from the Red Cedar River for irrigation purposes. The current water and sewage (pumping and sanitary treatment) costs for water being pumped from the Saginaw Aquifer is $3.81 per KGAL, while water and sewage from the Lansing Board of Water and Light costs $4.70 per KGAL ($2.75 water and $1.95 sewage) for a “large water user” (Ellerhorst, 2011). Because of the constant increase in energy costs, the cost to pump the water will continue to rise. On top of energy, privatization of water utilities could potentially increase the costs as well. This is a particularly concerning issue for the state of Michigan because of the recently introduced House Bill No. 4112. This bill establishes a regional water and sewer authority to take control of most aspects of public water utilities. While this bill would apply to city water and sewer divisions across the State, one of the main objectives of this bill is to privatize the City of Detroit water utility, which serves over 4 million people. On March 17, 2011, Governor Snyder signed into law the Local Government and School District Fiscal Responsibility Act (Public Acts 4-7), which allows a state appointed emergency manager to overrule elected 3 officials labor contracts, nullify contracts, and privatize city services. In Pontiac, this bill resulted in the replacement of city water treatment personnel with United Water Services, a private company recently indicted for violation of the Clean Water Act (Office of Public Affairs, 2010). Also, with the introduction of House Bill No. 4453, all governmental entities will not be able to compete commercially with the private sector. Section 4 of this bill prohibits governmental agencies to receive government funding which would support to compete with the private sector. This means that if this bill passes, a private contractor will likely take over and operate public water treatment plants (House Bill No. 4453, 2011). It was found that on an average across the United States, that privatization of water utilities increase the costs of water by 33% and sewer service by 63% (Food & Water Watch, 2009). 4 RESIDENCE HALLS Because of the Residential and Hospitality Services’ (RHS) intentional strides towards improving water sustainability, the residence halls are an excellent place to begin an investigation on recent practices to reduce campus water consumption. RHS has already dedicated a significant amount of funding towards improving water conservation. This allows specific renovations to be monitored, thus providing information on costs, water savings, and in turn a payback period. This data allows recommendations to be made on which renovations should take priority when unique funding opportunities present themselves. Recommendations for improvements to the General Fund Building renovations can also be prioritized by using available data acquired through the investigation of residence halls. 5 RESIDENCE HALLS: Water Consumption As demonstrated by the previous Water Consumption Report (Arnett, 2010) there is a linear relationship between water consumption and the number of residents of a particular residence hall. Because of this expected trend, the water consumption was first converted to a per capita basis before analysis. Figure 2 displays the water consumption data for the 2009-2010 and 20102011 academic year (September to April). The monthly water consumption for the residence halls were averaged over the eight-month academic “year”, and then normalized by the number of residents that were residing or working there at that time. The use of residence halls are highly variable in the summer months and thus were not included in the water consumption calculations. Figure 3 takes the same average monthly water consumption data from the residence halls, and compares the average of the two years. Any residence halls with incomplete data were left out of the diagram. A majority of the buildings are showing a decrease in water consumption while only a few outliers are observed for higher water usage. These outliers are VanHoosen, Mason/Abbot and Armstrong Halls. The largest of the outliers is that of Armstrong Hall located in the Brody Complex. Taking a closer look at the water meter data reveals repeating values as well as sporadic changes in months prior to meter replacement in December, 2010. The 60% change in Armstrong’s per capita water usage is most likely related to meter replacement, highlighting the importance of a meter maintenance program. 6 Further studies should be conducted to determine the reason(s) for the increase in water consumption in VanHoosen and Mason/Abbot Halls. 7 Average Monthly Water Consumption (KGAL) per Capita 3.500 3.000 2.500 2.000 1.500 1.000 0.500 0.000 10'-11' Per Capita Water Figure 2: Average monthly water consumption per capita (KGAL/resident) for each Residence Hall. *Note: Values of zero represent incomplete data due to lack of meter or construction activities. 8 Water Consumption Change (%) From 2009-2010 Academic Year to 2010-2011 80.00% Armstrong 60.00% VanHoosen 40.00% Mason/Abbot Shaw 20.00% Landon Campbell Snyder/Phillips Bailey 0.00% Holmes -20.00% Owen Rather Wonders Yakeley Bryan Mayo -40.00% Butterfield Williams -60.00% Figure 3: Change in average monthly water consumption from the 2009-2010 academic year to the 2010-2011 academic year. *Note: Residence Halls with missing data either of the two years were not included. 9 It was found by Arnett and Masten, that prior to the 2009 school year, the residence halls with the greatest per capita water consumption rates were Bailey, Owen, Bryan and Emmons Halls. While Owen Hall is still one of the top water consumers, Bailey, Bryan and Emmons have shown a significant decrease, most likely due to bathroom renovations discussed later in this report. In addition to the bathroom renovations, the residence halls in Brody Complex are undergoing major renovations, including the installation of Energy Star appliances and reconstruction to allow more natural lighting. Emmons Hall was recently renovated \ opened for residency in August 2011. Sustainable features such low flow toilets, faucets and shower heads have been installed. Future water meter data will reveal the extent these changes have made on water consumption. It is important to note, that nine out of the ten top water using residence halls are home to a cafeteria. This correlation was expected given data from the previous water consumption report. Because of this relationship, the newly renovated Brody Square (Brody Complex cafeteria building) was investigated to determine where water savings were achieved and at what cost to the facility’s employees. 10 RESIDENCE HALLS: Brody Complex Brody Complex is comprised of six residence halls and a centrally located building referred to as “Brody Square,” that houses the cafeteria, offices, classrooms, and more. Three of the residence halls in this complex, Bryan, Bailey and Emmons Halls, were the former top residence hall water consumers. It was believed that these residence halls had high water consumption rates due to the tank-style urinals that were still in use. In the summer of 2008, these urinals were removed and 1/8 gallon urinals were installed to replace them in areas where urinals were needed. Figure Average Water Consumption (KGAL) 4 shows the decline of water consumption after these renovations. 2500 2000 1500 Bryan 1000 Emmons Bailey 500 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year Figure 4: Average monthly water consumption for high water use Brody Complex Halls. * 2010-2011 meter data for Emmons Hall is incomplete due to construction activities. ** 2011 data is averaged over the first 6 months of the year. The overall water consumption for these three facilities quickly declined after the replacement of the urinals. Looking at the per capita water usage in Figure 2, these three buildings now have some of the lowest water consumption rates amongst the residence halls. To help aid in 11 improving other buildings’ water consumption, a cost analysis was conducted. These bathroom renovations provided a unique opportunity to see the effect of a single renovation on the water consumption data. 12 RESIDENCE HALLS: Bryan Cost Analysis After much deliberation over which building to use as a model for the cost analysis, Bryan Hall was chosen. It was important to find a renovation project that had sufficient impact on water consumption that the fluctuation could be monitored with the monthly meter readings. Among the Brody residence halls, Bryan Hall underwent the most extensive bathroom renovations. Bryan also had the fewest scheduling conflicts with non-bathroom renovation construction activities and meter replacements. This was important as we attempted to ensure that construction activities were not included in the cost analysis and meter replacement was not the cause of water consumption improvement. Using physical plant work order records, a total cost of the renovations to replace urinals was calculated (Hornburg, 2011). A breakdown of these costs is found in Table 1. While efforts were made to include only costs associated with the urinal replacements, the results are expected to be conservative as more urinals were removed compared to the number being installed. The total cost for removing 39 existing tank-style urinals and installing 15 1/8 gallon urinals was $44,814. This includes project management, materials, labor and an asbestos survey. Table 1: Summary of costs for Bryan Hall bathroom renovations. (Source: Chip Hornburg, MSU Division of Residential and Hospitality Services) Activity Costs $754 Project Management $15,321 Materials $28,167 Labor $572 Asbestos Invoice $44,814 TOTAL 13 Using the total cost for the Bryan Hall renovations, a payback period was determined. The calculations for the payback period are summarized in Table 2. Shortly after the renovations took place, a new meter in Bryan Hall was installed. Over years of meter use, scaling and corrosion can occur which leads to a poor calibration of the instrument. Because of this, a new meter will likely affect the meter water consumption data so a payback period was calculated from data collected by both meters. Table 2: Water and Cost savings for Bryan Hall bathroom renovations based upon water consumption. Before Meter Change After Meter Change (7/2008-6/2009) (7/2009-6/2010) water savings per month water savings per month (KGAL) (KGAL) 785 980 $ savings per month ($4.70 water) $3,691 $ savings per month ($4.70 water) $4,604 Payback Period (months) 12.14 Payback period (years) 1.01 Payback Period (months) 9.73 Payback period (years) 0.81 With a calculated payback period of approximately one year, it is clear that replacing tank-style urinals with 1/8 gallon urinals has a significant environmental and economic effect. While it seems intuitively obvious that tank-style urinals are outdated, the revelation that the payback period is at most one year confirms the premise that any remaining tank-style urinals should be prioritized for replacement. 14 RESIDENCE HALLS: Brody Square The Brody Square building, in the center of Brody Complex, was renovated with extensive consideration into sustainability. The project began in January 2009 with the completion of Phase 1 in August 2010 and the completion of Phase 2 in August 2011 (Barker, 2011). Phase 1 consisted mainly of the renovations to the new cafeteria, whereas Phase 2 consisted of the renovations to first floor facilities. One of the goals of this construction project is to achieve Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) – Silver Certification. To meet this certification, a variety of sustainable practices were used, including: the installation of sustainable construction materials, low flow plumbing fixtures, advanced heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) controls, and a food waste pulper/extractor green balcony, along with natural light building design and rainwater reuse. Of the long list of sustainable features implemented at Brody Square, those that are associated with water consumption are discussed in this report. 15 RESIDENCE HALLS: Food Waste Pulper/Extractor Rather than using a traditional garbage disposal system, Brody Square directs all post-consumer food waste into a pulper/extractor. A basic flow diagram for a food waste pulper/extractor is displayed in Figure 5. Rather than running water constantly to keep solids flowing through sanitary pipes, a pulper/extractor recycles the water needed to crush food waste into a pulp and then extracts this pulp into a storage container, where it can be collected and used for compost. While in essence this method consumes no water, realistically the water that was pressed out from the food waste needs to be replaced with fresh water continuously to keep the pulper/extractor running efficiently. This make-up water has a flow rate of approximately 1 gpm, whereas the “garberator” that is used at a majority of the MSU cafeterias has an approximate flow rate of 10 gpm (Pipper, 2011). Recycled Water Food Waste Food Waste Pulper/Extractor Reject Water Make-up Water Food Waste Pulp Figure 5: Flow diagram for a food waste pulper/extractor. 16 A picture taken of the food waste pulper in Brody Square is shown in Figure 6. The difficulties with using this piece of equipment are mainly limited to the proper disposal of fibrous food waste. These types of food waste must be thrown away manually rather than run through the pulper as they will bind the shredding mechanism, bringing the pulper to a halt. Figure 6: Brody Square food waste pulper/extractor equipment. *For interpretation of the references to color in this and all other figures, the reader is referred to the electronic version of this thesis. The approximated water consumption savings allow for the completion of basic cost analysis calculations. Assuming the new pulper and old garberator are both in use 12 hours per day for 30 weeks a year (two 15 week semesters), it was determined that the operating time is 2,520 17 hours per year. Operating time will vary depending on demand. Table 3 shows the result of these calculations. Table 3: Food waste pulper/extractor water and cost savings. Previous Water Usage (gpm) Pulper Water Usage (gpm) Water Savings (gpm) Annual Operating Time (hours) Annual Water Savings (KGAL) Annual Savings 10 1 9 2520 1,361 $6,396 While these calculations are crude, they do demonstrate a significant savings in both cost and water consumption. A unanimous decision amongst Brody Square kitchen staff involved in a focus group conducted in December 2011, was that the water savings associated with the food waste pulper outweighs the minor difficulties associated with the use of this equipment (Brody Square Focus Group, 2011). With the installation of a food waste pulper, the waste food pulp must be dealt with properly. Once shredded and dewatered, the pulp is sent to a hopper for storage. Figure 7 displays a picture of the hopper in the Brody Square facility. Disposal of this food waste is another difficulty resulting from the use of the food waste pulper/extractor unit. Previously, the food waste was disposed of down the sewer system or it was picked up with the garbage. Now the material must be disposed of as garbage or used in another process. Fortunately, the pulp can be composted and/or added to manure from the MSU animal feeding operations to be digested anaerobically. Presently, studies of these uses are ongoing. 18 The main limitations with composting/anaerobic digestion are the regulations governing the amount of food waste that can be combined with animal waste for land application (Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, 2008). Another problem with the unit is the corrosion of pipes, valves, and other plumbing material by the corrosive gases produced during decomposition of food waste or by the acidity present in the food waste itself. Figure 7: Food waste pulp stored in hopper at Brody Square. Based on these studies, it is recommended that the food waste pulper/extractor equipment be installed during proposed cafeteria renovations. It is believed that the difficulties of the equipment can be managed to make it both economical and functional. When installing this equipment, the following issues should be seriously considered: 19 • Proper disposal of fibrous food waste • The use of corrosion resistant pipes and storage containers for the food waste • Odor control for the stored food waste • Transport and final use of the food waste pulp 20 RESIDENCE HALLS: Rainwater Collection A unique addition to Brody Square was the addition of a rainwater collection system to conserve water. This method involves collecting rain from the roof of a building, and directing it towards a large cistern. In the case of Brody Square, this cistern is located underground near the front entrance to the building. When this cistern is filled with water, the first floor restrooms are able to use this water to flush the toilets. While this method would theoretically cause the toilets not to consume any purchased water, weather patterns are unpredictable, and thus, so is the amount of water stored in the cistern. Using rainwater collection can be very convenient with the proper setup. Automatic valves allow the bathrooms to be flushed by the potable water lines when the cistern is low on water. This makes the bathroom operational even in times of low precipitation. The Brody Square facility currently only uses rainwater collection for an additional water supply but greywater reuse is also available. This includes reuse of laundry, dish-washing and bathing water; commonly used for irrigation purposes. Changing the stigma of greywater and proper quality monitoring to pass state codes would be the primary difficulties to implementing more water reuse. The Brody Square focus group did not report negative feedback for the presence or the use of bathrooms that took advantage of collected rainwater (Brody Square Focus Group, 2011). 21 RESIDENCE HALLS: Low Flow Fixtures As mentioned earlier, during recent renovations, low flow fixtures were installed in Brody Complex to save water and reduce associated costs. Sloan Solis EAF-275 aerator spray heads for the hand washing valves and the Sloan Solis 8111 duel flush valves for the toilets were installed in Brody Square (McCurdy, 2011). Both of these fixtures utilize infrared sensors to detect the user. Table 4: Low flow fixtures used in Brody Complex. 0.5 gallons per minute Sloan Solis EAF-275 Hand Washing Valve 1.6 and 1.1 gallons per flush Sloan Solis 8111 Duel Flush Valves It is difficult to determine the water savings associated with duel flush valves, as it depends largely on the user and the presence/absence of urinals. However, commercial vendors for dual flush valves are generally credited a 30% decrease in water consumption from the federal standard 1.6 gpf toilets (Harrison, 2010). Hand washing valves are highly variable in both usage and flow rate. The user has the ability to choose the flow rate, making a thorough cost analysis difficult. However, comparing the flow rate of the Solis EAF-275 hand washing valve to the federal standard of 2.2 gpm, a water savings of 77% is expected (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). This value also assumes that the faucet is turned on for the same amount of time for each usage. This is not likely the case because automatic valves turn off automatically once the user’s hands leave the proximity of the 22 faucet. Therefore, the water savings are expected to be greater than 77% than the federal standard. 23 RESIDENCE HALLS: Smart Meters Standard water meters require someone to check them on a monthly basis to receive that month’s water consumption. A smart meter on the other hand is electronic, automatically feeding data to a computer or data center. The benefit of the smart meter is that it allows a continuous display of the water consumption in a building. Figure 8 displays a picture of one of these monitors in the Brody Square facility. This monitor currently shows the change in annual water consumption for 2009 and 2010. However, a continuous water consumption display would look similar. Figure 8: Steam, energy and water usage display in Brody Square. The effect of the installation on water consumption is not known, but a study conducted of the residents of Carlsbad, CA demonstrated that the continuous feedback regarding personal water usage resulted in a decrease in water consumption ranging from 8% to 27%, depending on the motivation of the individual to conserve water (Schultz, 2009). This study was completed on 24 residents of the community, but similar results are likely transferable to residence halls in a university. Students in a residence hall however, do not directly pay for their water use. Future water meter data where smart meters are implemented will display how this affects water use. Placing these Smart Meter displays at the entrance to residence halls may encourage students to conserve their water usage on a daily basis. Most members of the Brody Square focus group were not aware of these monitors, highlighting the importance of placing these displays in a prominent location within a building (Brody Square Focus Group, 2011). 25 GENERAL FUND BUILDINGS Activities in general fund buildings account for 15% of MSU’s campus water consumption and therefore are another sector where conservation measures can be made. As with the residence 1 halls, fixture and toilet/urinal replacements were investigated. However, “wet” laboratories, which are consumers of significant quantities of water, are located in numerous general fund 2 buildings but are not located in residence halls . In the previous water consumption report, a significant correlation was reported between the number of laboratories in a building and the buildings water consumption (Arnett, 2010). 1 These include biology, chemistry, and physics type laboratories. These do not include electronic and computing focused laboratories. 2 An exception to this is Holmes Hall. Holmes Hall is a residence hall that houses many laboratories for introductory classes in the Lyman Briggs program. 26 GENERAL FUND BUILDINGS: Water Consumption Using available water meter data, a comparison was made between the average yearly water consumption examined in the previous water consumption report and the average yearly water consumption from 2009-2011. Table 5 displays the general fund building water usage data. Table 5: General fund building average annual water usage trend. Table 5 (cont’d) Bldg# Building Name Average Average Change Annual Water Annual Water in Water Usage 2004Usage 2008Usage 2008 (KGAL) 2011 (KGAL) (%) 0055 KELLOGG CENTER 48,560 34,772 -28.4% 0446A VETERINARY RESEARCH CENTER - LARGE ANIMAL BARN PLANT & SOIL SCIENCES BUILDING REGIONAL CHILLED WATER PLANT NO. 1 BIOMEDICAL PHYSICAL SCIENCES BUILDING PLANT BIOLOGY LABORATORIES 0189 0160 0178 0132 59,070 26.9% 44,470 27,572 -38.0% 32,130 14,678 -54.3% 29,150 32,380 11.1% 12,770 14,991 17.4% 12,350 0086 46,560 12,332 -0.1% ANTHONY HALL 0170 VETERINARY MEDICAL CENTER 9,250 9,027 -2.4% 0081 ENGINEERING BUILDING 7,770 7,212 -7.2% 0203A ENGINEERING RESEARCH COMPLEX LAUNDRY BUILDING FOOD SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY UNION BUILDING NATURAL SCIENCE 6,900 9,280 34.5% 6,800 6,427 -5.5% 4,570 3,579 -21.7% 3,960 3,470 2,854 5,037 -27.9% 45.2% 0068 0186 0006 0024 27 Table 5 (cont’d) Bldg# Building Name 0212A 0083 0029 0003 0084 0080 0002 0085 0035 0128 0087 1121 0027 0005 0163 0177 0171 0214 0154 0091 0219 0060 2000 Average Annual Water Usage 20042008 (KGAL) Average Annual Water Usage 20082011 (KGAL) 2,450 2,239 -8.6% 2,060 2,708 31.5% 1,730 686 -60.3% 1,600 1,348 -15.8% 1,300 3,081 137.0% 1,090 1,088 -0.2% 940 900 850 1,219 781 719 29.7% -13.2% -15.4% 790 1,090 38.0% 770 740 620 570 550 520 430 430 330 881 677 595 420 604 479 626 1,571 383 14.4% -8.5% -4.1% -26.3% 9.8% -7.8% 45.6% 265.3% 16.1% 300 352 17.2% 270 201 -25.4% 80 79 -1.4% 40 42 4.3% PAVILION FOR AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK EDUCATION HORSE BAR MSU COLLEGE OF LAW KEDZIE HALL (NORTH AND SOUTH) OLIN MEMORIAL HEALTH CENTER COMMUNICATION ARTS & SCIENCES BUILDING BUSINESS COLLEGE COMPLEX BERKEY HALL WHARTON CENTER COMPUTER CENTER NISBET, STEVEN S., BUILDING PUBLIC SAFETY MUSIC/MUSIC PRACTICE PSYCHOLOGY BUILDING HUMAN ECOLOGY CHEMISTRY BUILDING PACKAGING FOOD STORES RADIOLOGY BUILDING MANLY MILES BUILDING FARRALL AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING HALL PARKING RAMP NO. 1 SHAW LANE CENTRAL SERVICES BUILDING CLINICAL CENTER Change in Water Usage (%) The data presented in Table 5 is given in KGAL/yr and is in order of the former highest water consuming buildings to the lowest. While a few of the buildings show a large percentage change 28 in water use, water consumption rates in the top water using buildings remain constant. It is important to note, that a majority of the buildings that have the highest water consumption rates house “wet” laboratories: Plant and Soil Science (139 labs), Biomedical Physical Sciences (183 labs), Plant Biology Laboratory (137), Anthony Hall (77 labs), Veterinary Medical Center (78 labs), et cetera (Arnett, 2010). Using updated water consumption data as well as the number of laboratories in each general fund building, a linear trend plot was created in Figure 9. Similar to that of the previous water consumption report, the plot shows a clear relationship between the number of laboratories and 2 the water consumption for that building. The most recent data shows an R value of 0.82, compared to the previous value of 0.61. This increase in linear correlation may be due to increasing overall building water efficiencies but unchanging laboratory water efficiencies. Correlation between Water Consumption and Laboratories 200 ² R = 0.817 180 Number of Labs 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 Average Annual Water Usage 2008-2011 (KGAL) 29 35000 Figure 9: General fund building water consumption compared to the number of laboratories. GENERAL FUND BUILDINGS: Plumbing Fixtures Cost Analysis As seen with the cost-benefit analysis with the residence halls, bathroom renovations can have a significant impact on water savings. Unfortunately, no extensive bathroom renovations in General Fund Buildings have been completed recently, for which, data are available. Because of this, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted using the renovation costs from Bryan Hall, plumbing fixture cost estimates and expected water savings for particular bathroom upgrades. First, a new total cost was calculated in attempt to determine a more general unit cost for plumbing fixtures. This was necessary because the Bryan Hall renovations included removal of both wall tanks and the urinals and this effort did not result in complete replacement of all of these plumbing fixtures. Table 6 shows how the total unit cost was calculated. The costs associated with project management were the result of 16 hours of oversight. Because the Bryan Hall project involved the installation of 15 urinals, the unit cost for project management was determined by dividing by the number of urinals installed. These 16 hours of labor are also associated with the removal of 39 urinals and wall tanks, making this a conservative unit cost. The total material cost for 16 urinals was also included in the work orders. From this total cost it was determined that each urinal costs $737.76 for the actual fixture. The delivery prices found in the work orders were associated with the delivery of 11 urinals. Because the need to deliver the materials is independent of how many urinals are being replaced, the delivery charge was left unchanged. The plumbing costs involved a section of the Bryan Hall renovations (Bryan Hall Work Order: 471616) that were associated with removal of 10 urinals, 4 tanks and the installation of 4 urinals. This cost of $5,625.71 was divided by 14 urinals to receive a unit cost. 30 While the plumbing associated with removing a urinal permanently compared to replacing urinals is not the same, it is likely that this introduced a small error compared to the overall cost. Masonry is not included in this cost analysis as it is expected to be minimal for most plumbing fixture retrofits. Table 6: Costs used to determine total unit plumbing fixture cost. Project Management (16 Hours, 15 urinals) 1/8gpf Urinals (16 units) Delivery (labor + truck rental) Plumbing (remove 10 urinals & 4 tanks, install 4 urinals) Project Management (per urinal) 1/8gpf urinal (unit cost) Delivery Plumbing (per urinal) Total Unit Cost $754.28 $11,804.12 $153.92 $5,625.71 $50.29 $737.76 $153.92 $401.84 $1,343.80 Through personal communication with Pat Curry, a MSU plumbing inspector, an estimate of $1,200 was obtained for the installation of 1/8 gpf urinals was given (Curry, 2011). Because of the similarity with the calculated values from Bryan Hall and the estimated prices given by Maintenance Services, cost estimates for various plumbing fixtures were used confidently in the cost-benefit analysis. With an approximate cost for the replacement of a single plumbing fixture and the volume of water used per flush, a cost benefit analysis can be constructed if the amounts of flushes are known. In September 2008, the Costs & Returns for Environmental Stewardship Team (CREST) also conducted a cost-benefit analysis on specific plumbing fixtures in the first floor restrooms of the MSU main library (Peralta, 2008). While they did not have the luxury of a 31 bathroom renovation project to verify their cost estimates, they did have a robust method of determining the amount of flushes. CREST made use of infrared sensors that made automated counts of restroom visitors to the first floor men and women’s main library restrooms. These sensors were monitored for an entire academic year (fall and spring semesters). From this, it was determined that the two bathrooms jointly serve 800 visitors daily. The men and women’s restroom included five toilets each, with the men’s restroom also having six urinals. To avoid the complexities of the probability of a male using the urinal, the women’s restroom was used to determine the average amount of flushes per toilet. Assuming 50% of the 800 daily bathroom visitors were female and all five toilets were used evenly, an average of 80 flushes per day per toilet was calculated. The main library first floor restrooms are likely in the top tier for bathroom visitors. This is important to note when analyzing the payback periods for various fixtures. Table 7 demonstrates the process for calculating the payback period for the plumbing fixtures. Using the prices found in Table 8, the payback period for replacing a 3.0 gpf urinal with a 1/8 gpf urinal was calculated. For a top tier water user, like the first floor library restroom, a payback period of 3.8 years is expected. Table 7: Payback period calculations for replacing a 3.0 gpf urinal with a 1/8 gpf urinal. Number of Cost Payback Water Savings Water Savings per Flushes per Savings Period (gpf) Year (KGAL) Day per Year (years) 10 2.875 10.5 $39.98 30.0 20 2.875 21.0 $79.96 15.0 30 2.875 31.5 $119.94 10.0 40 2.875 42.0 $159.92 7.5 50 2.875 52.5 $199.91 6.0 60 2.875 63.0 $239.89 5.0 70 2.875 73.5 $279.87 4.3 80 2.875 84.0 $319.85 3.8 90 2.875 94.4 $359.83 3.3 32 100 2.875 104.9 $399.81 3.0 Substituting the corresponding costs for various plumbing fixtures, a summary of payback periods was constructed. To be consistent, the estimated cost for a 1/8 gpf urinal was used rather than what was calculated in Table 8. This resulted in a slightly shorter payback period. All of these calculations were determined using the 80 flushes per day estimate, thus, the data from this Table 8 is most useful when applied to high traffic buildings. Table 8: Plumbing fixture payback periods for high traffic restrooms. Water Savings Cost New Unit Plumbing Fixture per Year Savings Cost (KGAL) per Year 3.0 gpf to 1.0 gpf Urinal (manual) $750.00 58.4 $222.50 3.0 gpf to 1/8 gpf Urinal (automatic) $1,200.00 84.0 $319.85 1.0 gpf to 1/8 gpf Urinal (automatic) $1,200.00 25.6 $97.35 3.5 gpf to 1.6 gpf Toilet (manual) $750.00 55.5 $211.38 3.5 gpf to 1.6 gpf Toilet (automatic) $1,000.00 55.5 $211.38 Assumptions: (a) High traffic building (80 flushes per day) (b) Water savings according to manufacturer specifications (c) Urinal usage is equal to toilet usage (d) All fixtures in a bathroom are used equally Payback Period (years) 3.4 3.8 12.3 3.5 4.7 In general, choosing an automatic flush over a manual flush costs an extra $250 to the initial price of the plumbing fixture. While these types of fixtures do not reduce water consumption, they are frequently used for convenience and improved sanitation. Using the current price of MSU’s well water of $3.81 per KGAL, cost savings are clearly observed with any outdated plumbing fixture (greater than 3.0 gpf). Even the more costly automatic flush units provide a payback period of less than five years. Upgrading an already low flow urinal, however, does not provide such a significant improvement in water savings. 33 It is believed that the date of construction or last renovation will aid in determining the presence of outdated urinals (Curry, 2011). In 1992, federal regulations required that any new toilets must meet a flow rate of 1.6 gpf or less; however, toilets already in place were not required to be upgraded (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). Investigating which buildings were built prior to 1992 and which have not had renovations since that time will help estimate the amount of outdated urinals are still present. Table 9 lists the date of original construction of the general fund buildings discussed in this report. Please note that many of these facilities have had additions since 1992. Therefore, only portions of the building older than 1992 would house outdated plumbing fixtures. Table 9: Original construction year of metered general fund buildings. (Source: Facilities Information Tool, http://www.eas.msu.edu/fitii/) Table 9 (cont’d) Building Name Original Construction Year UNION BUILDING 1924 HUMAN ECOLOGY 1924 KEDZIE HALL (NORTH AND SOUTH) 1927 OLIN MEMORIAL HEALTH CENTER 1939 BERKEY HALL 1947 NATURAL SCIENCE 1948 COMPUTER CENTER 1948 FARRALL AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING HALL 1948 CENTRAL SERVICES BUILDING 1948 PSYCHOLOGY BUILDING 1949 KELLOGG CENTER 1951 ANTHONY HALL 1955 VETERINARY RESEARCH CENTER - LARGE ANIMAL BARN 1958 MANLY MILES BUILDING 1959 ENGINEERING BUILDING 1961 CHEMISTRY BUILDING 1963 PACKAGING 1964 FOOD STORES 1964 VETERINARY MEDICAL CENTER 1965 34 Table 9 (cont’d) Building Name PLANT BIOLOGY LABORATORIES LAUNDRY BUILDING MUSIC/MUSIC PRACTICE REGIONAL CHILLED WATER PLANT NO. 1 NISBET, STEVEN S., BUILDING PUBLIC SAFETY CLINICAL CENTER COMMUNICATION ARTS & SCIENCES BUILDING WHARTON CENTER PLANT & SOIL SCIENCES BUILDING Original Construction Year 1966 1968 1968 1971 1973 1975 1976 1981 1982 ENGINEERING RESEARCH COMPLEX BUSINESS COLLEGE COMPLEX PAVILION FOR AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK EDUCATION - HORSE BAR FOOD SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY MSU COLLEGE OF LAW RADIOLOGY BUILDING BIOMEDICAL PHYSICAL SCIENCES BUILDING PARKING RAMP NO. 1 SHAW LANE 1986 1986 1993 1996 1997 1997 1998 2001 2002 Plumbing fixtures are often upgraded when funding is available and when additions are added. Therefore, this list can only be used to guide further investigation. A more complete list of original construction dates and additions for both general fund buildings and residence halls is located in the appendices. With this data in mind, the percentage of campus buildings that likely house outdated plumbing fixtures was loosely estimated to be 70% (Curry, 2011). The results from the cost analysis clearly validate a recommendation of replacing all outdated plumbing fixtures with low flow units in high traffic buildings. Both manual and automatic flush valves provide great water savings, thus leaving that determination to preference. It is important 35 to note, while automatic flushing units have improved convenience and sanitation, they also have a higher repair cost. If an automatic flush valve battery is damaged, replacement can run from $250-$300, whereas a manual valve would likely only cost $25 (Curry, 2011). 36 GENERAL FUND BUILDINGS: Laboratory Equipment As demonstrated earlier in this report, there is a linear correlation between the number of laboratories in a building, and that buildings water consumption. This presents an excellent area to investigate water consumption on MSU’s campus. MSU is home to nearly 2,000 laboratories that vary in type and age of equipment. Ideally, a database would exist that documents all of the pieces of equipment available and their characteristics. Some of these details include: equipment age, model, size, flow rates, energy consumption, and uses. Currently the Facilities Planning and Space Management (FPSM) is creating this type of database, starting with energy intensive equipment and eventually including water consuming equipment (DeoCampo, 2011). This data will aid in constructing a campus wide cost-benefit analysis for specific laboratory equipment. Until a complete database is created, only a cursory analysis can be accomplished by piecing together portions of the available data in order to determine the benefits of equipment retrofits. Gathering data for the water consuming equipment is planned to start towards the end of 2012. 37 GENERAL FUND BUILDINGS: Autoclaves/Sterilizers Autoclaves/sterilizers are used in laboratories to sterilize equipment by exposing bacteria to high temperatures and pressures. Generally, these high temperatures and pressures are created by filling the vessel with saturated steam. What happens to this steam after sterilization varies depending on the model of the autoclave. One way to dispose of this steam is to collect the resulting condensate and send it to the sanitary sewer system. To use this disposal method it is important to cool the water back down to 140°C, to prevent pipe damage, before it enters the sanitary system. To cool the condensate, a potable water stream is added to the effluent of the autoclave. The potable water is set to a flow rate that sufficiently attenuates the resulting streams to a temperature of 140°C or lower. This addition of potable water potentially contributes to a significant amount of water consumed in laboratories at MSU. Because some models of autoclaves take many hours to start up, active laboratories are inclined to leave the autoclave on idle 24 hours a day. This results in water flow in the potable water line 24 hours a day / 7 days a week, even when the equipment is not in use. To decrease the water consumption resulting with these types of autoclaves, various manufacturers produce “water conservation retrofit kits” (Tanner, 2005). These water conservation kits are attached to the effluent line of the autoclave, where a solenoid valve replaces needle valves and a temperature sensor operates the solenoid to only add potable water as it is needed to keep the water temperature less than 140°C. Additionally, a fixed orifice is used to limit the overall flow when the system is in operation. A manufacturer of the water 38 conservation kit claims that the water consumption by the autoclave process can be reduced by 62%. In addition to the water conservation kit, it is also possible to add a digital timer to schedule on/off times of the autoclave. This would allow the autoclave to be automatically turned off at night and/or on weekends and turned on early enough in the morning to be ready for use by staff members as they arrive, making the equipment use convenient but eliminating the waste of water during nonuse times. In May 2006 the Utilities and Plant Engineering Department of the University of Michigan conducted a pilot study to confirm the 62% water savings claimed by the manufacturer (Wells, 2006). The pilot study was conducted on six autoclave units in the E.H. Kraus (Natural Science) Building prep rooms. For this pilot study, it was assumed the average water usage during idle time is 60 gallons per hour. With the installation of the water conservation kit, the average water usage was reduced to 23 gallons per hour. Using water and sewer price of $4.54 per CCF ($6.07 per KGAL), the installation of a conservation kit can result in a cost savings of $1,967 per year for a single autoclave running 24 hours per day (Wells, 2006). The pilot study also examined the benefits of an on/off schedule for the autoclaves. Using the price of water and sewer, the amount of potable water needed for tempering, and an estimation of steam entering the sanitary system, it was determined that the autoclave costs $0.46 per hour to run. If the autoclave cost $0.46 per hour to run, scheduling the autoclave to turn off 6 hours per night (12:00am to 6:00am) results in a savings of $1,007 per year. The total project cost for the retrofit of six autoclaves with varying operating hours, as some were not in operation 365 days a 39 year, was $18,500. Taking into account the reduced water flow rate and the cost savings from the on/off schedule, a payback period of 1.6 years was determined. While a complete database of autoclaves is not currently available, Michigan State University Capitol Asset Management does keep an inventory of equipment costing $5,000 or more. A list of autoclaves/sterilizers included in the inventory can be found in the appendix. Upon further research, it was found that the Biomedical Physical Sciences Building has at least 21 sterilizers that require a cold water line to temper the steam. All of these sterilizers are either of two Steris models listed in Table 10 (Kinkaid II, 2011). Table 10: Autoclave/Sterilizer models found in Biomedical Physical Sciences Building. Autoclave/Sterilizer Model Steris 24X36X48" Prevac Sterilizer Steris 20X20X38" Century Iso Sterilizer The cold water line used to temper the steam from the sterilizer is controlled using a needle valve. A needle valve can be used to regulate the water’s flow rate at relatively low flows. While there are various operational disadvantages to having a manual needle valve, the main problem with these valves is the constant use of water. The water lines used for tempering in the Biomedical Physical Sciences Building is a 1/8 inch pipe (Anderson, 2011). This size pipe generally allows for a 1 gallon per minute or 60 gallon per hour flow rate. This is the same flow rate used in the University of Michigan water conservation kit pilot study. Because the amount of steam needed is extremely variable depending on the equipment being sterilized and the cycles chosen for sterilization, the cost analysis was based solely on water 40 savings attributed to the water line used for tempering. Once again, the fixed orifice with solenoid valve was assumed to reduce water consumption to 23 gallons per hour. 60 ݈݈݃ܽ‫݊݋‬ ݈݈݃ܽ‫ݏ݊݋‬ ݈݈݃ܽ‫݊݋‬ െ 23 ൌ 37 ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ 37 ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ ݀ܽ‫ݕ‬ ݈݇݅‫݊݋݈݈ܽ݃݋‬ ݈݈݃ܽ‫ݏ݊݋‬ ൈ 24 ൈ 365 ൌ 324.12 ݀ܽ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݎܽ݁ݕ‬ ‫ݎܽ݁ݕ‬ ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ 324.12 ݀‫ݏݎ݈݈ܽ݋‬ ݈݇݅‫݊݋݈݈ܽ݃݋‬ ൈ 3.81 ൌ $1,234.90 ‫ݎܽ݁ݕ ݎ݁݌‬ ݈݇݅‫݊݋݈݈ܽ݃݋‬ ‫ݎܽ݁ݕ‬ In addition to the kits reducing the average flow rate to 23 gallons per hour, the sterilizer can be scheduled to shut off every night when it is not in use. Assuming the units are only left on 18 hours a day, the above calculations were adjusted to account for the time where there is zero flow through the cold water line. 60 ݈݈݃ܽ‫݊݋‬ ݈݈݃ܽ‫݊݋‬ ݈݈݃ܽ‫ݏ݊݋‬ െ0 ൌ 60 ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ 60 ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ ݀ܽ‫ݕ‬ ݈݇݅‫݊݋݈݈ܽ݃݋‬ ݈݈݃ܽ‫ݏ݊݋‬ ൈ6 ൈ 365 ൌ 131.4 ݀ܽ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݎܽ݁ݕ‬ ‫ݎܽ݁ݕ‬ ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ 37 ݈݈݃ܽ‫ݏ݊݋‬ ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ ݀ܽ‫ݕ‬ ݈݇݅‫݊݋݈݈ܽ݃݋‬ ൈ 18 ൈ 365 ൌ 243.09 ݄‫ݎݑ݋‬ ݀ܽ‫ݕ‬ ‫ݎܽ݁ݕ‬ ‫ݎܽ݁ݕ‬ ሺ131.4 ൅ 243.09ሻ ݀‫ݏݎ݈݈ܽ݋‬ ݈݇݅‫݊݋݈݈ܽ݃݋‬ ൈ 3.81 ൌ $1,427 ‫ݎܽ݁ݕ ݎ݁݌‬ ݈݇݅‫݊݋݈݈ܽ݃݋‬ ‫ݎܽ݁ݕ‬ In conclusion, using a water conservation kit similar to that used in the University of Michigan pilot study would result in a cost savings of $1,427 per year per unit. With most water conservation kits ranging from $1,000 to $1,800 per unit (van Gelder, 2004), a payback period of 41 8 to 15 months is expected. Considering that the Biomedical Physical Sciences Building has 21 of these units, the building’s water consumption could be reduced from 32,380 KGAL per year to 24,515 KGAL per year, nearly a 25% decrease. This cost analysis is evidence of the need for a laboratory equipment database. Sterilizers vary immensely in size and design, making a campus wide cost analysis difficult. It is recommended that the following data is included in the sterilizer section of the future database: • The presence of a cold water line to temper the steam. • The size of the pipe for the cold water line. • The size and type of the valve. • Typical idle times for the sterilizing unit. • The age and model of the sterilizing unit. • The presence of any water conservation measures. Once this data is known, priorities can be made for which buildings should install water conservation kits. While we know the Biomedical Physical Sciences Building has 21 of the type of sterilizers that should be retrofitted, this process has already been started. Currently five of the 21 sterilizers have a type of water conservation kit installed. All 21 are expected to be completed by February of 2012. Once the water meter data becomes available after the sterilizers have been retrofitted, it will be interesting to observe the water savings. 42 GENERAL FUND BUILDINGS: Water Purification Many water purification methods consume water in the process of improving water quality. One of the methods that is commonly used at MSU is reverse osmosis. This process is often used to provide pure water throughout a particular building for research. Smaller units are also found in residence hall lobbies to provide high quality drinking water (to discourage use of bottled water). Reverse osmosis is the process of applying pressure to water on one side of a selective membrane where water is allowed to pass through the membrane while most of the solutes cannot. The process is similar to simple filtration, however, reverse osmosis is driven by solute concentration, pressure, and the water flux rate. Filtration is primarily controlled by the size of the solute and the size of the pores in the membrane. Because the effectiveness of the reverse osmosis membrane is dependent on the solute concentration gradient, the concentrated side of the membrane must constantly be diluted to maintain the desired water quality in the effluent. In other words, reverse osmosis does not remove the solute; it simply allocates a majority of the solute to a portion of the inlet water. This is the precise mechanism that causes reverse osmosis to be a water consuming process. The ratio between the product water flow to the flow of the inlet water is called recovery. If a reverse osmosis system had a 50% recovery, half of the inlet water would become the product and the other half would be disposed of as it has a high concentration of ions found in the untreated water. This stream is called the concentrate or reject stream. There are a few methods 43 for minimizing this wasted water: increase the recovery, find an alternative use for the concentrate, and to minimize the need for purified water. As research in membrane technologies continues, it has become apparent that high percentages of recovery can be met. In fact, it is possible to reach such a high recovery that the concentrate is allowed to evaporate; this is called zero liquid discharge (Heijman, 2009). This method requires very successful pretreatment to remove water constituents that are prone to scaling the membrane. Improving the recovery of a system would take an extensive cost analysis project to determine the feasibility. Some of the factors to investigate when determining the cost effectiveness of improving the recovery are: • The feed water chemistry given versus the product water chemistry required • The cost of energy required to maintain pressure across the membrane • The cost of energy required for pretreatment processes • The cost of reagents required for pretreatment processes • The cost of maintenance and upkeep • The capitol cost of equipment required (i.e., a new reverse osmosis unit) The Engineering Research Complex, like many laboratory housing facilities, has a building wide reverse osmosis unit. A summary of the processes in this system can be found in Appendix E. This unit has a recovery of approximately 60%. Assuming the system runs at feed flow rate of 1.25 gpm (varies depending on demand); the concentrate being wasted is 0.5 gpm. By increasing the recovery to 90%, 197.1 KGAL of water and $750 would be saved every year if the unit is left 44 on 24 hours a day. This basic calculation shows how a payback period can be calculated once balanced with the various costs listed above. An extensive study would be required to balance water, energy, material, and capital costs with the required product water quality and quantity. Rather than trying to improve the efficiency of the reverse osmosis unit itself, the concentrate could be used where high quality water is not necessary. Some examples of these uses are irrigation, make-up water for cooling towers, and flushing toilets in the facility. The actual wasted water from the reverse osmosis process would remain unchanged while the water needed for other applications would be decreased. There are no federal regulations for water reuse, but the state of Michigan requires any of these reuse projects to be approved by various state and county codes. Some of these regulations may require proper monitoring of the water quality. Another method of decreasing the amount of reject water produced from reverse osmosis is to decrease the overall need for purified water. Having purified water available at the faucet often leads to excess use. Most laboratory activities do not need such a high quality of water. Instead, standard tap water could be used. Proper training of when purified water is needed, and when it is not, is an inexpensive method for decreasing the water consumption in laboratories. Awareness programs can be very effective at reminding the laboratory workers of the waste that can occur from misuse of purified water. Some simple recommendations of these programs include: • Posters demonstrating the added water consumption resulting from water purification. • “Why waste” stickers on faucets (much like the stickers on light switches). 45 • An additional segment of online training that describes the proper uses for purified water compared to tap water. It is recommended that simple programs such as those listed above are initiated in laboratories across campus to promote water conservation. While water reuse is an assured method for reducing water consumption, it may also require monitoring to pass regulations and thus may be difficult to implement on a campus-wide scale. Also difficult, would be improvements to the recovery of reverse osmosis units on campus. A pilot study can be conducted to determine the payback period of these upgrades. However, the reverse osmosis units in different buildings are likely to vary in model and design. Because of this, a pilot study may reveal a favorable payback period but this value would not be applicable to all systems on campus. Including the building wide reverse osmosis units in the future laboratory equipment database may help determine where retrofits are appropriate. 46 GENERAL FUND BUILDINGS: Best Laboratory Practices The US Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Energy jointly issued a guide, Laboratories for the 21st Century that describes some of the best technologies that can be employed in laboratories to reduce water consumption (Tanner, 2005). These best laboratory practices are summarized in this report for insight as to where Michigan State University’s laboratories could be improved. Laboratory Cooling Towers For laboratories that use cooling towers, this may be the best opportunity to conserve water. Cooling towers consume water in three different ways: evaporation, drift (or water droplets blown out of the tower from air flow), and bleed-off (which is used to remove the concentrated water resulting from evaporation). To account for all of these water losses, make-up water is constantly added to the system. To conserve water, this make-up water needs to be minimized. One way to do that is to increase the cycles of concentration of water in the tower, or in other words, increase the concentration ratio (CR). The concentration ratio is related to how many times the water circulates through the tower before it is discharged. Simply put, the more the water is recycled in the tower, the less make-up water will have to be added. The following equations describe the concentration ratio: (Eq. 1) CR = C Bleed Cin 47 (Eq. 2) CR = M Bleed VBleed M in Vin The term CBleed and Cin are the concentration of solids in the bleed and make-up stream, respectively. Knowing that concentration is the mass of the solid (MBleed or Min) divided by the volume of the solution (VBleed or Vin), the equation can be expanded. Assuming that no fouling occurs and drift is minimal, the mass of solids entering are the same as that of the bleed. Also, the volume of water exiting the bleed is equal to the make-up volume after accounting for evaporation (Vevap). (Eq. 3) (Eq. 4) VBleed = Vin − Vevap CR = M in Vin − Vevap M in Vin After rearranging equation (4), the effect of concentration ratio on water savings can be described by an equation that is independent of the mass of solids in the system. (Eq. 5) Vin = Vevap × CR CR − 1 48 Using equation (5) that describes make-up water, a plot was created demonstrating the potential water savings. While this plot was determined assuming 2.8 gpm as the volumetric flow rate due to evaporation, the shape of the curve is the same at all evaporation rates. As shown in Figure 10, increasing the concentration ratio from 2 to 5 can have a dramatic impact on water savings, specifically, a 37.5% decrease in water use. Make-up Water (gpm) Make-up Water v. Concentration Ratio 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Concentration Ratio Figure 10: The effect of concentration ratio on laboratory cooling tower water consumption. The drawback to increasing the concentration ratio is the increased likelihood of fouling. To balance the water savings with the fouling of the system, water chemistry monitoring would be necessary. By installing a conductivity meter (to measure conductivity which can be related to the total dissolved solids (TDS) using equation (6)) and a flow meter at both the make-up water and the bleed-off lines, one can ensure that excessive solids do not accumulate in the system. 49 (Eq. 6) TDS ( mg / L ) = Conductivity ( µmho cm ) × 0.65 Equation 6 is best used in a range of specific conductivities between 10 and 500 µmho/cm. The conductivity unit mho is the reciprocal to the unit ohm, a measure of resistance (Mackie, 2004). Equipment Cooling In laboratories which do not have the benefit of a cooling tower, a smaller cooling system is often used. One of the most wasteful uses of water in the laboratory is using single-pass cooling, rather than using a cooling loop. Single-pass cooling is often used because of its simplicity. If a piece of equipment requires cooling, a line is attached to the water supply and allowed to discharge directly into the sewer system after it passes through the equipment. Rather than simply running tap water to cool equipment, the water can be looped while using a small chiller to reject the heat. Another way to conserve water would be to use the discharged water from the single-pass cooling for other processes around the lab. Some laboratory equipment units that are often used in single-pass cooling are: • Vacuum pumps • Electron microscopes • Mass spectrometers • Ozone generators 50 Disinfection/Sterilization Systems Sterilizers use water to create steam to disinfect various laboratory equipment/utensils. While the steam itself generally constitutes a minimal amount of water, the process can still be quite wasteful. To cool the steam to the required 140°C before it enters the sewer, a water line is often added to the steam to temper the discharge. This constant addition of water can waste large amounts of water. Some of the best laboratory practice tips for improving water efficiency in regards to sterilizers are: • When purchasing equipment, consider only sterilizers designed to turn off the water line when it is not in use. • Lower the flow rates to the minimum flow recommended by the manufacturer. • Rather than using water to temper the steam, install an expansion tank, if it does not interfere with the manufacturer’s specifications. • Install a mechanism to automatically shut off the units when not in use. • Use the steam condensate for other laboratory equipment (i.e., make up water for the cooling tower). • Install a water conservation kit. The last sterilizer water conservation tip was previously discussed in this report. 51 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS Plumbing Fixtures After completing cost analyses on various plumbing fixtures, it is recommended that any remaining outdated fixtures be replaced with low flow fixtures. The outdated fixtures include tank-style urinals, 3.5 gpf toilets and 3.0 gpf urinals. It was shown that in high traffic buildings, the payback period for replacing these units with low flow and ultra-low flow units are all less than 5 years. Replacing low flow fixtures with ultra-low flow fixtures are currently yielding payback periods of over 10 years. As water prices continue to rise and the price of toilets/urinals decrease, that payback period will likely decrease as well. Before a campus wide effort is enacted to replace all of the outdated fixtures, a single building trial run should be completed. The plumbing for most buildings on campus are designed for flow rates associated with 3 to 3.5 gpf fixtures. Switching to low flow fixtures may reduce the velocity in the pipe to the point where solids accumulate in sewer lines in the building. If the plumbing in the renovated building would need to be updated, this will significantly increase the payback period of replacing these fixtures. However, if there are already plans to update the plumbing, all piping should be designed to allow for low flow plumbing fixtures. Laboratory Practices The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Energy (DOE) have already recognized the waste of water resulting from outdated laboratory practices. In response to this, the EPA and DOE have released a publication to outline the best practices for water efficiency in 52 multi-purpose laboratories. Some of the more important practices to look into, with regard to MSU laboratories, outlined in the publication are: • Cooling Towers • Equipment Cooling • Disinfection/Sterilization Equipment With such a clear correlation between General Fund Building water consumption and the presence of laboratories, it is recommended that a future study be focused on how laboratory best practices effect water consumption on a trial high-occupancy laboratory. Monitoring inlet and outlet water quality data for laboratory cooling towers will allow the concentration ratio to be optimized, and consequently the water consumption minimized. Equipment cooling is very difficult to monitor because of it is up to the discretion of the lab worker to conserve the water. It may be beneficial to include an online training module that demonstrates how to use loop cooling rather than single-pass cooling. This could be included with the already required laboratory safety modules. It is a misconception that sterilization equipment does not contribute significantly to water consumption. While smaller models only consume the steam required to sterilize the equipment, larger models often have a cold water line to temper the steam running 24 hours a day. These cold water lines used for this tempering can amount to 525 KGAL per year if a 1/8” pipe is used. Larger pipes consume a greater amount of water. A campus-wide cost analysis on sterilizing 53 equipment would be difficult due to the complexities of sterilization equipment design and the varying use of the equipment. The laboratory equipment database, currently being created by Facilities Planning and Space Management, will be a great asset to prioritizing water conservation kit retrofits by quantifying which sterilizers require a cold water line for steam tempering. Findings show a considerable benefit to implementing water conservation retrofit kits. Both a study conducted by a neighboring university and a cost-analysis on current Biomedical Physical Building sterilizers show a potential investment payback period of 2 years or less (Wells, 2011). Water Supply The investigation of water consuming equipment had revealed the need to conserve water in campus labratories. Similarly, the supply of water can be investigated to reduce wasted water on MSU’s campus. It is believed that a closer investigation of building wide reverse osmosis units will result in the largest water savings in this area. The easiest method of conserving reject water from reverse osmosis is implementing awareness programs to educate laboratory workers of the waste associated with misuse of purified water. The installations of wall posters and stickers on faucets will prompt the user to consider water conservation and training programs will instruct users as to the appropriate situations for using purified water. 54 Using the rejected water for other water consuming processes is also recommended. Because this may require water quality monitoring and significant design considerations, the opportune time to make this change would be during the construction of a new facility or during an extensive renovation. Retrofitting reverse osmosis units has the potential to save significant amounts of water. However, the cost analysis for such an upgrade is fairly complicated and would likely require a pilot study to determine an accurate payback period. Smaller changes to the recovery may be achieved by proper water quality monitoring and adjustments to pretreatment processes. Monitoring Past and present research on MSU’s water consumption could not be completed, to a great extent, without proper water meter data. The accuracy of cost analyses are only as accurate as that of the water data provided, making the water meter program at MSU very important. The recommendations involved with water monitoring are as follows: • Continued observation of water meter data to identify changes in water usage and those buildings for which water usage is much greater than average. • Further studies conducted to determine the reason(s) for current outliers, including VanHoosen and Mason/Abbot Halls. • Investigation of future Biomedical Physical Sciences Building water consumption in order to quantify the water savings associated with the 21 sterilizer water conservation retrofits. 55 • Investigation of future Emmons Hall water consumption to determine the magnitude of water savings associated with numerous small scale changes being made in the newly renovated facility. • Investigation of future Brody Square water consumption to aid in recommendations for future cafeteria renovations. The magnitude of water savings associated with rain water collection and the food pulper/extractor are two focuses of this recommendation. • Implementation of water quality/quantity monitoring for a trial run involving the adjustment of the concentration ratio in a laboratory cooling tower. Finding the correct concentration ratio to minimize water consumption without causing fouling and confirming the water savings will aid in prioritizing laboratory best practices. 56 FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES: WILSON HALL Also included in this report is a discussion of the creation of a sustainable floor in the Wilson Hall Residence Hall. Wilson Hall is the home to the Engineering Residential Experience where students considering engineering as a major can live in a community with more resources catered to their engineering interests. Recently the project staff was asked by Professor Udpa, Dean, College of Engineering, to develop the concept of sustainability as a theme for one floor in the engineering residence hall, Wilson Hall. Wilson Hall already has 2 themed floors, Energy and Transportation. With a huge interest in sustainability, recycling, and “going green” from the students and faculty, a sustainable floor could be very successful. Because of the direct relevance to improving campus sustainability, these recommendations are also discussed in this report. To create a sustainable floor in Wilson Hall for the Engineering Residential Experience all aspects of sustainable engineering should be considered, the efforts should not just be limited to water consumption. Both policy changes and building renovations can help achieve a more sustainable living environment for the resident students, thus the recommendations in this report are divided into these two categories. Bailey Hall, which has been renovated to meet LEEDSilver Standards, will become the residential hall for the Residential Initiative on the Study of the Environment (RISE). As this hall will have a sustainability focus, further investigation of a sustainability-themed floor in Wilson should include benchmarking against Bailey Hall efforts. 57 Policy Changes Seminars As part of the Engineering Residential Experience two classes are required to satisfy the academic part of the program; Introduction to Engineering Design and Introduction to Engineering Modeling. For students interested in living on the sustainable floor, a series of seminars may be helpful to promote green living. Another option is to have a separate section of Introduction to Engineering Design that focuses on sustainability. Rather than projects such as designing an edible car, students might be able to determine an obstacle to sustainability and design an object to overcome it. By showing students the repercussions of not keeping sustainability in mind (e.g., the need for a new power plant) and demonstrating how simple things like turning off electronics can help MSU’s campus, the students will see that we do take “being green” seriously at MSU. If successful, students will carry these habits long after graduating from their program. Sparty’s The campus-operated retail convenience store, Sparty’s, has a location in Wilson Hall. These small stores are already helping the push towards a green campus by using discounts to encourage customers to bring their own mugs. However, further improvements can be made to promote a more sustainable living environment. Students tend to choose bottle water for one of two reasons: convenience and perception of poor water quality due to the hardness of the water purveyed on campus. However, there may be ways to reduce the sales of bottled water, beyond those already attempted. Students with the Combo- 58 x-change meal option are able to choose a beverage, entrée, and a snack as part of a meal. Many students choose bottled water as their beverage of choice. One idea to limit this is to start a promotion where students can choose an extra snack if they bring their own reusable water bottles for water or a fountain drink. This will limit the waste of water bottles as well as the plastic cups used for fountain drinks. Another way to discourage bottled water use is to provide high quality water to the residents. Currently the residence halls have softening (membrane filtration) units on the first floor for student use. It may be worth looking into conducting a sociology study, perhaps as an Honors College seminar, to determine the actual use of these softening units, along with obstacles to their use. As part of this effort, methods to promote students to using the softened water, rather than bottled water, could be investigated. Recycling With so many students living in the residential facilities, promoting recycling efforts is a sure way to decrease waste in the building. Posters are already displayed in the hallways of Wilson to direct students to use the recycling bins on the first floor. Standard trash goes to the compactor through chutes on each floor. This arrangement makes it convenient for students to throw away recyclables with their trash. By placing a recycling area in the lobby on every floor, students will be more inclined to recycle their waste material. Custodial services or volunteers from the sustainable floor could be responsible for taking the bins on each floor to the main recycling area on the first floor 59 Renovations Toilets It is our understanding that the toilets in Wilson Hall are still 3.5 gallon per flush (gpf). These toilets are outdated and a significant amount of water can be saved if these toilets are replaced with 1.6 gpf ones. A physical inspection of the bathrooms in the rooms will be necessary to confirm what toilets are currently installed. In 1995, the National Energy Policy Act mandated that all new toilets must use no more than 1.6 gpf. Therefore, if the Wilson Hall bathrooms are renovated, the new toilets would be required to be 1.6 gpf or less. While that is a significant water savings, a sustainable engineering floor should achieve much more. Dual flush toilets have been around since the 1980s but were significantly improved in the 1990’s. The idea for the technology is quite simple, a separate button to flush solids and liquids. Because much less water is needed to flush liquids, large water savings can be observed. The solid flush will use the standard 1.6 gpf while the liquid button will only use 0.8 gpf. With similar installation, only slightly higher unit cost, and up to 67% water savings (Green Building Supplies, 2011), dual flush toilets could make for a cost worthy renovation on the sustainable floor. Window Replacements Another emergent technology in the building retrofit industry is that of passive dynamic glazing. Passive dynamic glazing for a window simply means that it is able to change its physical properties under the influence of visual, thermal, or infrared transmissions. This technology is similar to that of transition lenses. When the sun is shining on the window, it will change its 60 properties to block out the heat. In 2003, it was found by an ASHRAE study that low emissivity glass saves buildings 8-15% on annual energy costs, while dynamic glazed windows can save up to an additional 19% (Tinianov, 2011). Passive dynamic glazing would be a unique addition to the sustainability floor, increasing the environmental atmosphere while improving Wilson Hall’s energy usage. Solar Thermal / Photovoltaic A more extensive addition to a sustainable floor would be the use of solar thermal or photovoltaic cells. These two technologies look similar but have two different mechanics. Solar thermal takes the energy from the sun and converts it to heat (usually by heating up water to provide hot water or heated floors) while photovoltaic takes the sun’s energy and converts it to electricity. While it is possible to have these cover the building wall on the sustainable floor, it would like be more effective and easier to install on the roof of the building. Rain Water Collection Rain water collection is by no means a new technology, but it is an excellent and low-cost way to save water. While more information will be needed to understand the possibility of using this system at Wilson Hall, generally rain water collection consists of directing rain water from the roof of a building to a cistern. Some systems can actually produce and store potable water, while most use the rain water for irrigation. A great use for this rain water is being tested at the new Brody cafeteria, where they are using rain water to flush the toilets in the main floor restrooms. 61 Green Roof A green roof, while very aesthetically pleasing, also provides great insulation for a building and reduces peak flows for storm water systems. The limiting factor for the installation of a green roof onto an existing building is the strength of the roof. In general, a green roof will add 5-6 lbs per square foot for every inch of media added to the roof (Rowe, 2011). To grow grasses or other perennials, 9-14 inches of media will be required. However, to grow shallow sedum plants like that cultivated on the Plant and Soil Sciences Building green roof, as little as 2 inches will be required. The Physical Plant staff will need to be contacted to determine if the structural integrity of Wilson Hall’s roof is sufficient for 2 inches of media. 62 APPENDICES 63 Appendix A Water Meter Data (KGAL/month) 64 Table 11: Water Meter Data (KGAL/month) Table 11 (cont’d) Jan OLIN MEMORIAL HEALTH CENTER 0003 HUMAN ECOLOGY 0005 2004 2005 2006 2007 91.4 87 107 91.22 100 99 81.6 76 83 95.9 102 102 33.3 44 59 2008 BERKEY HALL 0002 Feb 57.9 126.53 86.5 84.56 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 67 75.4 12 121.51 108.37 23 89.6 91.8 16 105.4 142.1 15 109 94 79 98 62 56 22 35.4 25.6 42.2 20.3 23.4 22 92 94 81 163 91 118 71 37.2 31.7 41.1 417.4 46.8 44.1 Mar 77 88 87 96 88 79 32 33.5 28.6 35.6 160 46.9 34.5 Apr May 34.4 38 48 Jul 36 34.2 49 50 Aug 43.2 55.53 67 7 Sep 112.6 105.8 149 13.6 Oct 120 104 127 11.7 73.5 42.3 57.3 55.85 117.5 153 152 73.5 5 64.7 71.6 0 72.1 81 56.99 71 111.8 115 111 408 220 128 165 129 195 116 188 194 192 214 107 177 16.3 23.7 92.3 43 32.7 18.4 15 21.2 21 90.6 45 31.1 13.7 16 83 121 117 158 84 133 69 81 103 113 151 120 89 103 40.5 50 49.1 43.8 46.9 58.6 25.9 46 34.6 45.6 46.9 32.5 65 Jun 566 144 142 162 83 150 153 20.5 55.9 36 21.4 16.6 17.9 Dec 55.03 55.87 57 77.25 185 23 Nov 91.76 78.49 92 78.88 118.4 8 101.8 4 19 131 159 166 169 132 105 110 115 146 151 150 153 152 176 90 109 93 78 95 80 168 94 152 67 99 71 88 123 40.7 58.8 67.5 49.3 56.3 30.5 27 41.4 36 58.2 42.3 56.3 22.7 33 36.9 26 36.4 29.1 56.4 73.6 27 22.1 21 25.3 32.8 39.4 41.8 37 80.25 89.99 11 Table 11 (cont’d) UNION BUILDING 0006 MUSEUM 0013 NATURAL SCIENCE 0024 PSYCHOLOG 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 Jan 31 179 395 167 63 82 100 134 196 0 0 12.3 12.9 11.4 22 283 160 127 95 177 211 272 Feb 39 220 451 203 177 165 100 183 122.99 0 0.04 16.2 11.3 11 16 259 159 127 157 238 282 262 Mar 48 198 473 187 111 119 100 60 137 0 0 11.8 11.3 11 14 291 154 167 129 193 246 251 Apr 31 May 32 456 699 290 182 146 230 129 395 668 311 205 373 370 175 147.1 0 0.01 15.3 15.4 12 38 144 0 10.5 12.8 14 14 355 275 264 151 230 462 633 299 210 344 222 402 384 543 Jun 14 729 719 355 355 220 220 359 122 0 0 9.7 12 12 16 411 241 413 371 368 533 846 Jul Aug Oct Nov Dec 497 810 829 349 301 388 764 436 730 756 422 400 274 556 486 730 762 384 321 300 300 424 643 546 326 366 300 249 194 447 413 120 184 200 85 175 458 328 135 100 100 109 124 105 0 0 13.1 10.2 11 205.4 99 0 0 9.4 8.5 10 109.2 134.8 0 0.03 33.5 8.9 9 172 103 0 0 13.3 26.5 17 123.7 6 28.02 0 0 9.3 15.2 12 0 0.47 0 0 7.1 8.4 9 397 458 499 373 457 632 833 373 464 487 403 692 565 799 382 394 398 310 461 488 430 426 304 192 255 486 511 527 353 195 145 134 279 289 455 222 121 91 108 198 307 170 0 0 0 0 0 66 Sep Table 11 (cont’d) Y BUILDING 0027 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 GILTNER 2007 HALL 0028 2008 2009 2010 2011 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 KEDZIE HALL 2004 (NORTH AND 2005 SOUTH) 2006 0029 2007 2008 2009 Jan 23 44.5 51.4 27.7 30.3 29.9 74 0 0 78 147 5.4 0 8 12 130 399 110 58.2 52.9 361 108 Feb 49 49.8 54 65 75.7 38.5 64 0 0 79 71 12.8 0 10 11 997 405 116.1 51.7 50.6 238.9 111.3 Mar 48.2 41 43.4 45 45 64.4 77 0 0 92 61 19.5 0 12 11 471 319 164 46.4 68.4 302 102 Apr 55.1 49.6 122.5 51.1 48.4 70.6 39 May 33.4 30.1 122 53.8 63.9 40 36 0 0 146 200 0 0 120 182 9.4 0 31 6 10.3 0 4 8 631 415 881 347 167.4 51.9 98.9 383.3 79.9 211 25.8 22.3 347 19.6 67 Jun 59.3 30 94.4 39.5 44.5 35 35 0 0 119 144 7.7 0 7 8 515 792 310 29.4 26.4 103 2.8 Jul 67.3 29.1 29.7 29.8 41.8 43 0 0 186 2.1 0 6 Aug 37.1 30.1 36.4 35.2 31.7 41 0 0 113 0 0 6 Sep 63.6 62.2 57.6 48.9 52.1 51 Oct 65.4 145 58.2 64.8 72.9 61 Nov 43.8 46.6 39.9 26.2 61 64 Dec 37.2 41 41.9 64 46.6 38 0 0 111 0 0 0 266 0 0 0 119 0 0 0 72 0 0 8 0 0 0 8 8.4 0 13 9 0 0 10 924 508 551 519 431 0 440 191 349 28.3 22.1 67.2 9 190.8 406.6 25.7 99.5 79.9 9.7 188.9 268 70.3 280.5 94.7 50 184 262 69.6 324 65.1 68.2 187.9 156.1 51.5 454.6 47.6 48.2 97.5 133.5 30 340.5 61.4 15.1 Table 11 (cont’d) COMPUTER CENTER 0035 KELLOGG CENTER 0055 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Jan 45.7 2 81.7 81 76 84 65.9 58.2 61 386 341 196 462 450 428 338 2067 3338 3792 5073 1523 1788 1319 Feb 50.1 2 73.2 74 71 56.4 65.55 57.51 50 424 379 354 354 350 481 370 2108 3265 5941 4190 1435 1716 1960 Mar 102 2 86.2 74 69 63.9 28.7 66.3 65 406 476 354 354 350 670 325 2285 3728 1917 4246 2121 2431 950 Apr 98.6 2 May 14.1 15 76.43 76 75 72.62 108.8 55.58 56 68.2 62 51 51.7 42.2 39.5 53 502 463 354 354 574 609 337 2495 3922 5364 5301 2785 2700 880 414 448 610 610 457 306 394 2625 3633 5094 4628 2164 2956 1770 68 Jun 22.3 30 92.6 62 57 49 60.3 53.2 40 385 594 515 515 673 446 359 2667 4144 4949 4210 3273 3000 1340 Jul 16 Aug Sep Oct Nov 4 1 2 1 Dec 2 50.7 30 65.1 78.6 58 45.9 44 72.65 69 56.9 78.61 53.37 43.6 36 89.19 106.2 114.1 78.62 107.2 46.93 39 97.4 102 93.9 89 74.5 127 34 86.41 60.63 75 97.01 59.75 64.74 39 62.58 59.48 54 37.41 50.07 32.82 174 1220 390 532 383 383 521 370 726 350 489 323 323 525 383 565 341 697 381 381 536 494 756 451 623 564 564 854 800 546 354 407 495 495 761 783 410 217 745 164 164 405 624 2285 2950 4653 5044 5761 2394 2000 2460 2594 3876 5687 4001 2547 2500 1924 2724 4546 4596 5097 2560 2500 2332 3691 3361 5066 3617 2967 3000 1866 3759 5289 5906 2073 2424 2400 1789 3167 5055 4085 1737 1557 1786 Table 11 (cont’d) Jan JENISON FIELDHOUSE 0056 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 SPARTAN 2005 STADIUM 2006 0058 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 MUNN, 2004 CLARENCE L., 2005 ICE ARENA 2006 0059 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 CENTRAL 2004 SERVICES 2005 BUILDING 2006 140 180 190 203 356 250 301 45 44 71 51 95 125 232 235 202 423 223 316 284 1 3.3 Feb 187 160 160 222 205 293 365 45 46 54 59 90 180 239.7 190.4 193.5 191.4 275.1 203.4 284 5.9 3.7 Mar 202 200 210 372 250 330 377 49 54 322 48 88 142 222 275 176 195 150 305 284 4.6 3.5 Apr May 208 200 380 337 258 215 319 261 151 106 376 125 123 68 80 70 200 74 119 93 287 48 262 68 71 4180 199.4 325.1 114.9 157.8 157 281.2 284 133 103 123 342 74.6 131 284 3.7 4.1 7.3 3.2 69 Jun 68 45 320 118 130 218 85 249 186 120 3254 173 2793 213 270 235 218 323 401 284 0.9 3.1 Jul 89 157 95 100 117 251 111 Aug 75 93 90 110 156 431 110 Sep 138 180 250 293 257 428 392 Oct 164 203 210 217 290 152 242 Nov 181 155 250 200 300 235 74 Dec 87 92 100 203 458 73 157 464 288 750 2964 356 0 1981 1926 1460 3453 450 640 3588 4129 4334 4275 3170 497 1385 3675 3222 3777 4995 192 267 1385 849 1691 57 88 34 49 83 60 68 237 276 313 206 306 260 387 234.8 234.4 271.9 205.6 222.6 240.2 374 218.7 226 277.1 220 346.6 285 252 293 259 248 317 233 304 534 241.8 276.4 176 292.3 153.9 286.5 335 165.9 149.3 446 172.7 256.5 333.5 274 4 2.3 3.4 4.4 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.7 4.5 31.8 3.9 4 3.4 2.5 8.6 2.7 2.8 3 Table 11 (cont’d) 0060 LAUNDRY BUILDING 0068 BRESLIN, JACK, STUDENT EVENTS CENTER 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Jan 3.9 4.6 3.6 3.8 16 2.03 2 3 2.61 2.13 2.12 7 520 589 530 449 432 535 365 404 464 257 524 Feb 3.9 13.7 4.1 4 4 2.09 3 1 2.1 2.13 1.86 2 641 846 667 635 591 518 635 388.7 464.8 421.9 267.4 Mar 5.2 4 3.4 4.9 6 2.19 2 3 1.87 2.13 2.51 2 543 600 533 502 503 489 568 611 465 530 368 Apr 5.1 4.1 3.8 4 2 May 3.4 3.7 2.9 3.4 5 2.1 3 2 1.93 2.8 1.69 2 2.06 2 2 2.3 1.2 2.19 2 555 645 505 546 446 815 523 591 545 608 651 603 627 795 188.9 155.5 144.5 616.5 435 383 477 230 70 Jun 5.5 3.1 4.2 12.3 3 1.9 2 2 1.82 3.82 2.87 1 615 606 577 753 464 535 620 546 546 682 104 Jul 4.2 6 3.1 4 Aug 4.5 5 3.4 3 Sep 4.4 4.8 3.8 4 Oct 4.6 4 3.2 5 Nov 4.7 3.2 3.3 4 Dec 2.1 2.7 2 4 2.36 2.13 2 2 2.4 2.57 2 2.64 1.87 2 2 1.51 2.07 2 2.14 3.07 3 2 3.05 2.2 2 2.73 3.07 3 3 2.27 3.14 0 2.22 1.98 2 3 2.13 2.03 1 1.53 1.88 1 1.49 2.13 1.3 2 515 660 585 386 539 553 633 602 746 774 626 743 457 489 473 495 691 553 589 458 460 604 701 642 433 771 698 347 436 509 531 460 462 423 475 411 494 532 366 409 399 312 341 659 621 887 146 263.7 467.3 182.4 276.9 200 322 558.8 391.1 245.6 250 322 386 595 514 500 441 348 586.9 508 500 323.9 356.6 364.5 352 400 Table 11 (cont’d) 0069 BUSINESS COLLEGE COMPLEX (EPPLEY) 0080 ENGINEERIN G BUILDING 0081 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan 353 307 199 79 67 110 128 103 109 110 41 46 30 59 42 288 36 178 186 174 164 141 345 Feb 289 284.5 120 86 141 122 92 98 112 86 57 37 51 59 158 107 43 279 228 282 298 251 229 Mar 424 610 126 84 70 92 104 111 152 97 53 40 53 196 48 94 188 255 250 208 174 210 186 Apr 243.2 525.8 585 May 214 443 436 162 102 116 102 110 88 84 140 51 53 50 52 61 70 56 44 60 75 96 145 59 40 27 58 35 85 71 50 372 574 355 322 239 466 491 495 655 403 697 615 71 Jun 428 620 638 60 71 79 85 66 169 49 48 48 75 27 42 69 81 1484 933 1174 817 526 787 Jul 59.4 327 Aug 60.2 284 Sep 169.5 154 Oct 327 440 Nov 402.2 357 Dec 250.4 383 43 78 88 51 59 47 60 107 93 64 67 87 88 71 34 101 123 116 130 126 81 188 128 115 127 117 92 152 85 94 84 135 79 112 80 56 73 73 40 43 42 72 51 39 44 25 48 52 85 17 50 59 48 86 31 164 50 63 57 63 71 44 144 47 54 67 107 79 146 178 41 38 102 58 85 117 116 40 52 41 73 29 30 161 1790 1761 1644 827 880 949 1195 1604 1365 1043 1174 1239 814 167 1248 1248 706 942 705 764 2064 406 603 438 496 467 472 455 237 187 235 242 170 165 208 171 320 163 129 124 105 227 Table 11 (cont’d) MSU COLLEGE OF LAW 0083 COMMUNICA TION ARTS & SCIENCES BUILDING 0084 PLANT & SOIL SCIENCES BUILDING 0086 PUBLIC 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 Jan 112 134 237 175 242 262 197 204 97 105 118 93 105 704 171 3473 2261 2547 1651 2394 3302 647 Feb 126 192.9 121.7 212.8 181 159.9 282 264 120 115 152 68 132 145 149 2985 2148 2806 2005 2783 1768 58 Mar 455 180 162 167 236 240 270 280 98 114 123 86 106 143 240 3198 2551 3047 1651 2979 1800 2039 Apr 222 May 406 109 102 123 124 134 160 235 109 126 145 125 129 282 245 3627 5183 3984 2246 2470 1596 2089 65 65 79 96 154 219 201 5173 6638 5252 3726 3823 1534 1832 72 89.1 95.6 105 131 40 121 236 68 91 78 90 106 278 472 5371 6638 3907 3523 2278 2167 3270 Jul Aug Sep 53.5 60 92.5 70.1 138 172 198 118.2 50.3 84.7 88.4 181.4 158 251 174.4 189.5 223.4 218.8 336.8 200 349 68 72 119 55 68 185 479 75 78 97 113 131 415 301 4689 6102 6638 1410 3718 2592 2000 41.3 183.3 250 261 267.7 313.3 293 319 Jun 1086 Oct Nov Dec 181 224 253 277 267 250 369 198.3 186.7 182.9 293.1 209.4 200 296 129 135.2 259.9 113.2 82.3 241 216 112 130 135 137 141 434 1036 110 130 151 128 176 699 86 96 95 123 200 114 358 109 72 178 88 88 77 69 383 4432 4585 5233 1839 4786 2614 2043 5113 4611 5632 2847 4021 2356 769 6212 4636 5877 2660 3853 2894 1997 5222 3829 3836 2384 2698 1668 1553 3345 3319 2937 1836 1713 1675 937 48.8 48.2 53 48.1 40.5 Table 11 (cont’d) SAFETY 0087 MICHIGAN STATE POLICE NISBET, STEVEN S., BUILDING 0128 ANTHONY HALL 0132 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 Jan 44.9 69.1 37.2 125 74.3 49.7 73 0 Feb 50.6 76 52.2 133.9 19.2 42.6 49 116 Mar 44.3 95.3 64.2 43 42.4 44.3 48 111 Apr 41 69.2 88.2 45.3 43.9 63.5 253 97 May 41 38.6 97 50.5 60 124 133 78.7 Jun 39.6 76.8 112 40.1 33.9 124 104 78.7 31 29 28 38 48 118 44.7 44.8 40.1 67.1 77.1 92.4 467 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 47.2 35.4 45.2 76.6 77.3 63.2 73 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 40 48.4 47.4 58.4 82 60.3 57 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 41.8 47.4 74.4 116 107 56.2 126 2 1 93 163 21 102 37 2 0 561 353 490 489 298 73 56.5 116 90.7 91.2 69.8 44.1 196 23 7 831 738 698 1050 964 Aug 47.3 70.3 78.1 47.7 41.6 124 Sep 54 75.7 90.4 48.1 46.1 124 Oct 71.4 95.5 121 72.3 62.3 124 Nov 63.3 58.6 137.5 46.5 44.9 90 Dec 68.5 40.9 127.2 41 41.1 99 156 110 110 111 59 59 49.8 66.7 73.5 88.4 81.2 96.1 45 57.4 75 82.6 130.2 86.5 72.8 27 50.8 57.1 76.4 92.5 76.5 66.6 46 60 62.1 56.5 94.5 91.9 102 57 39.9 43.5 48.8 80.9 53.1 54.7 31 39.8 44.1 41.1 64.7 54.8 49.9 55 9 1 4 869 921 1220 1501 19 19 7 1185 1005 1038 1267 3 4 0 825 659 708 1054 0 12 4 396 209 78 173 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 113 41.7 48.8 49.5 90.2 73.9 75.4 326 Jul 41.9 76.8 104 33.5 48.4 124 108.6 98.35 51.4 52.44 52.65 Table 11 (cont’d) USDA AVIAN DISEASE & ONCOLOGY 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 Jan 15.2 15.8 18.3 14.4 22 31.7 1 2007 698 234 200 129 86 2065 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 16.1 3 0 Feb 15.38 14.97 22.54 18.78 23.19 19.92 8 1403 525 173 266 162 81 2152 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.98 2 111.26 Mar 129 18.4 24.9 11.9 19.5 18.2 30 1079 498 503 237 160 181 1140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.36 2 94 Apr 42.17 43.66 34.52 22.44 27.39 32.49 18 1181 566 257 345 183 239 644 May 95.1 44.5 62.3 39.7 56 50.7 36 1555 442 250 347 229 160 596 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.85 3 111.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.29 4 111 74 Jun 145 110 88.2 70.1 66.3 80.5 89 2421 846 1021 304 115 199 3189 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.41 3 139 Jul 175 145 82.2 81.7 115 111 Aug 145.6 124.3 104.6 106 85.29 106 Sep 100.7 59.92 90.07 61.54 62.93 105 Oct 35.9 30.1 54 33 32.6 25 Nov 11.75 16.95 12.74 13.89 14.36 9 Dec 12.13 19.73 9.23 16.76 15.11 20 1113 3419 1311 569 325 183 287 1058 2795 1624 820 528 180 273 1125 1508 2169 858 480 291 369 732 1280 1542 395 425 176 1400 557 810 246 469 240 297 2094 2013 771 297 313 148 139 1820 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 2 3 3 134 151 91 115 110 103 Table 11 (cont’d) Jan LABORATOR Y 0143 MANLY MILES BUILDING 0154 GEAGLEY LABORATOR Y 0156 BIOMEDICAL PHYSICAL SCIENCES BUILDING 0160 CHEMISTRY 0163 PHYSICAL 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2010 105 Feb 92 Mar 126 Apr May 121 173 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 125 24.6 24.6 21.7 23.5 34.2 39.7 28 498 25.6 17.3 47.5 36.9 34.9 32.5 32 403 23.6 23.2 28.3 31.5 27.6 35.1 25 427 23.55 22.8 25.5 30.7 26.9 36.7 38 437 25.8 18.1 28 41.7 37.7 30.2 25 444 27.5 23 25 29.3 32.2 30.4 36 320 74 127 83 224 444 0 26.1 18.2 21.2 25 37.1 33 0 26.5 24.6 28.9 37.5 31.3 21 73.8 22.2 22.5 25.1 38.1 29.4 44 27.5 23.8 23 28.1 36.7 45.3 42 20.2 19.3 22.3 27.5 25.6 24.2 19 19.9 22.5 43.9 25.7 26.5 23.3 30 476 561 363 441 390 336 4030 4830 5750 4110 5900 0 6390 4250 4850 4450 4870 3230 0 6100 3260 3410 3050 3680 3500 0 2490 2030 2340 1570 2550 2500 0 1600 940 1090 1190 1260 1200 0 1440 860 1310 1460 1370 1200 0 1670 32 21 51 25 135 1070 1060 1310 1330 1200 0 250 0 49 47 47 940 1180 1260 930 1000 250 2730 1 46 43 100 950 880 1410 1000 1000 1950 2020 39 43 76 76 1910 1830 1680 2160 2000 1830 1140 2510 2550 3170 3040 3000 3270 4630 49 58 54 95 39 49 43 60 0 75 4250 3510 4440 3640 3500 5280 4190 39 50 50 50 35.3 40 21 47 41 15 50 55 28 50 49 37 90 0 36 52 61 72 38 33 28 24 Table 11 (cont’d) Jan PLANT SHOPS & OFFICE BUILDING 0167 2011 FOOD 2004 STORES 0171 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 INTRAMURA 2004 L 2005 RECREATIVE 2006 SPORTS EAST 2007 0175 2008 2009 2010 2011 PACKAGING 2005 0177 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 25 15 17.9 36 52.6 57.6 47 80 77.7 0.1 0.5 0.2 0 0 4 28.7 31.7 18.9 64.7 27.1 13 Feb 22 12 17.9 36 87.8 67.6 47 56 123.7 0 0.5 0.1 0 0 4 39.5 77 27.6 51.3 93.4 13 Mar 27 10 17.9 36 55.2 56.2 50 60 45.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 6 57.7 37.8 34.6 43.7 40.4 82 Apr May 31 39 13 17.9 36 64.3 63.3 60 60 11 17.8 36 60.5 40 40 48 13.7 0 0.4 0 0 0 4 33.2 48.6 33.2 43.4 40.7 42.3 35 7.5 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 2 65.9 65 31.3 23.1 32.4 19 47 76 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 42 5 20 36 38 33.3 35 37 11 21 36 70.1 60.1 50 43 14 15 36 69.2 61.1 50 51 13 17.9 36 72.1 84.7 65 54 8 17.9 36 66.8 58.3 56 49 11 17.8 36 43.7 40.1 40 35 4.8 0.9 0.5 0 0 68.9 5.1 0.7 0.5 0 0 3 55.7 9.8 0.1 0.3 0.1 0 3 80.3 5.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 0 4 90.6 1.5 0.4 0.2 0 0 3 71.9 1 0.4 0 0 0 3 37.8 0.9 0.3 0 4.2 0 2 2 44.3 39.1 30.8 29.3 17.4 64.5 3 56.5 64.9 37.3 19.8 25.7 30 61.3 56.4 41.4 40 30.7 36 69.6 49.6 46.3 33.1 37 54 56.2 50.5 61.7 41.5 112 49 40.4 33.8 50 24 43.3 30 48.8 30.5 49.2 40 33.1 28 9 17.9 36 38.4 35 41 67 Table 11 (cont’d) Jan PLANT BIOLOGY LABORATORI ES 0178 FOOD SAFETY AND 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 104 132 51.7 30.2 10.8 20.6 20 410 384 518 585 3144 699 507 292 257 119 82.3 389 464 312 316 Feb 93.3 44.4 50.9 99.5 20.8 12.3 12 440 426 533 724 734 689 557 365.1 230.4 139 122.8 456.2 349.8 195 306.1 Mar 105 68.1 84.7 103 50.1 10.8 10 468 462 662 579 719 682 714 245 285 121 153 521 430 161 257 Apr May 124.2 82.1 63 123.2 47.3 33.7 30 148 122 124 77.4 88.9 14.9 15 1385 489 600 685 691 888 462 825 449 665 955 969 739 148 269.7 300.1 165.7 373.3 525.7 504.4 174 433 254 184 359 756 436 131 256.9 305 77 Jun 119 166 207 100 23.8 11.4 10 474 605 686 860 713 773 925 282 309 155 89.3 564 835 388 274 Jul 99.4 175 210 192 181 13 23 Aug 118.5 155.3 241 192.2 113.3 14.9 23 Sep 132.7 164.7 158.3 97.4 111.2 12.2 14 Oct 74.4 133 103 77.2 44.6 38.6 15 Nov 83.9 96.9 88.2 46.4 14 6 26 Dec 101.1 56.9 76.8 38.6 5.8 9.9 27 383 1915 498 577 930 1007 868 462 443 770 737 1124 796 871 454 548 661 722 945 756 1037 409 455 697 728 1019 1013 903 370 372 629 663 788 521 509 306 431 598 587 1093 999 605 334 354 315 117 105 576 588 388.2 339.3 338.5 140.5 129.8 471.1 590 330.1 296.1 247.4 142.8 157.1 481.7 285 329 303 328 119 146 458 285 284.9 234.5 209.7 108.8 123.1 241 285 264.5 289.4 139.2 51.5 191.5 300.7 300 256 280 296.4 253 273.4 236.9 344 256 273.2 202.5 240.6 266.3 Table 11 (cont’d) TOXICOLOGY 2006 BUILDING 2007 0186 2008 2009 2010 2011 REGIONAL 2004 CHILLED 2005 WATER 2006 PLANT NO. 1 2007 0189 2008 2009 2010 2011 ENGINEERIN 2004 G RESEARCH 2005 COMPLEX 2006 0203A 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan 294 473 468 319 185 344 103 49 13 31 8 5 21 221 183 539 445 361 559 378 0 150 198 Feb 252.8 556.2 496.9 277 186 272 4 12 6 32 3 1 29 494.9 173.6 491.1 396.5 378.3 387.4 286 13.4 231.7 148.4 Mar 279 556 333 280 170 252 25 117 111 12 3 176 30 391 329 450 315 404 253 388 137 164 722 Apr 419 426.9 329 263.5 207.5 190 1242 1480 560 1222 765 725 496 May 455 375 423 366 264 238 1241 2774 2664 2119 1340 2266 2807 437.6 233.3 424.3 338.3 443.3 478 101 318 256 524 360 354 572 273 661.5 226.3 304.1 205 128 390 78 Jun 558 419 380 271 342 275 #### 3923 3167 3041 3270 4338 3402 318 271 412 202 459 713 273 165 479 340 Jul 526 368 346 401 316 Aug 551.6 476.6 460.5 359.1 336 Sep 623.9 833.1 544.8 365.4 350 Oct 473 530 395 338 300 Nov 538.7 506.6 245.6 140.2 300 Dec 573.9 472.8 234 211.1 392 #### #### 7637 4342 4701 2853 3847 10683 15968 5172 4445 2673 2703 3161 7857 10017 2873 3209 1598 1459 800 1283 3894 279 1559 11 17 113 63 19 12 12 10 24 119 3 12 20 27 11 4 244 298 318 361 485 357 412 678 399.8 284.9 229.3 531.3 255 408.7 1024 343.1 236 432.3 637.5 313.7 229.7 235 360 173 470 363 389 349 818 380.4 256.7 601.9 295.7 215.4 307.7 757 205.2 177 498.4 179.4 319.7 335.2 695 295.6 476.1 400 0 237 356.8 264 0 216 228 148 0 150.3 347.4 432 0 84.5 111.8 824 282 462 1769 Table 11 (cont’d) 3 UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CONTAINME NT FACILITY 0211 PAVILION FOR AGRICULTUR E AND LIVESTOCK EDUCATION HORSE BAR 0212A RADIOLOGY BUILDING 0214 DIAGNOSTIC CENTER FOR POPULATION 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 Jan 159 Feb 668 Mar 217 Apr 358 May 358 Jun 358 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 300 1693 86.6 111 75.8 65.1 327 129 76 28 14 0 26 41 29 345 0 1442 0 400 1487 186 165.1 301 209.3 246.2 183.3 104 30 0 0 39 34 35 345 2862.6 1202 2102 400 3496 291 306 301 281 194 323 116 19 0 0 54 30 49 174 1598 1648 746 300 2200 300 2199 105 212.6 143.2 220 231.1 262.3 36 28 0 0 96 47 57 173 1482 1456 709 193 146 196 173 178 200 37 16 0 0 76 25 23 180 1000 1024 1003 3 300 300 300 400 3968 400 500 4260 4298 460 1817 1321 194 251 230 266 183 226 225 157.5 222 183.8 204.5 246.6 176.8 308 148.7 162.6 203.5 155.7 143.6 164.9 308 313 310 269 340 365 347 113 222.7 179.7 154.9 159.4 123.7 100.2 112 251.6 191.4 190.6 188.9 180 224.7 105 10 16 0 0 75 23 141 17 17 0 0 31 45 464 20 27 0 0 62 83 204 34 23 0 0 30 29 458 27 29 0 0 19 25 765 20 21 0 16 11 26 407 2886 1021 1671 1700 1262 1655 1767 1743 3217 569 566 1145 300 2001 214 198 196 167 159 211 50 16 0 0 60 25 23 180 965 836 996 This data appears to be estimated, however, it is believed the fish tanks in this facility consume 3 KGAL per hour. This would result in a annual consumption of 26,280 KGAL rather than the estimated 4,200 KGAL per year. 79 Table 11 (cont’d) Jan AND ANIMAL HEALTH 0215 PARKING RAMP NO.1 SHAW LANE (NEW) 0219 MSU SURPLUS STORE & RECYCLING CENTER 0223 SNYDER AND PHILLIPS HALL 0300 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 Feb 591 Mar 824 800 Apr May 780 933 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1443 16.4 21.5 16.2 36 15.8 16.8 26 15 18.4 17.4 17.2 13.2 17.7 16 21.2 27.9 20.5 21.6 26.2 17 14 9.4 9.4 8.9 10 9.3 6.6 10 7.7 8.8 9.3 9.1 11.9 16.6 8 11 24 6 5 5 4 7 6 8 5 6 20.4 11.8 79.5 19.3 13.8 21.3 12 16.8 23.2 116.7 23.9 39.9 30.2 32 25.4 42.1 76.7 23.7 26 26.1 18 17.7 17.1 20.1 24.7 18.8 20.4 6 15 13.7 13 9.5 10.7 7.5 21 8 204 9 20 6 21 6 9 7 6 3 280 640 1000 973 1458 1446 1629 1551 1334 1131 808 955 400 18 18.9 17.9 21.7 16.2 16.5 14 70.2 7.6 50.1 8.4 11.3 11 10 1000 1000 1000 1010 9 1213 1101 1458 1521 996 1098 1513 1547 310 640 2008 MASON AND 588 1808.3 1134 1401 1108 585 668 795.6 1424 1837 2009 2010 2011 2004 508 599 1228 1451.4 1306.7 1719 1015 964 1100 1297 1478 902 1389 792 1104 790 713 1216 1001 1001 715.3 1067 1123 1711 1841 580 1000 1414. 7 1171. 1 1288 590 570 696 753 613 80 916.3 1134 1129 358 Table 11 (cont’d) ABBOT HALL 0302 CAMPBELL HALL 0304 LANDON HALL 0305 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 Jan 532 513 561 190 151 172 120 491 664 569 139 134 128 312 178 464 310 126 199 124 285 674 645 Feb 603 654 600 464 410 381 295 547 568 612 421 395 313 445 436.8 333.4 305.1 386.6 242.6 282.7 365 773.7 790 Mar 461 483 458 265 275 302 168 435 435 485 255 252 401 227 858 234 276 225 213 209 368 630 601 Apr 694 700 679 363 348 511 589 May 371 168 47 218 334 230 352 622 607 755 366 401 382 316 264 85 73 199 299 184 357 893.8 362.1 293.4 305 271.2 384.2 273 790 53.4 82.7 211 258 250 261 865.4 894 133 157 81 Jun 496 337 47 22 35 40 50 287 86 73 101 68 82 937 60 22.4 8.9 218 100 186 29 88 62 Jul 506 27 47 47 116 139 Aug 488 352 171 74 84 123 Sep 654 866 477 387 291 290 Oct 702 722 417 484 433 419 Nov 543 583 298 391 434 360 Dec 389 372 267 249 319 379 324 356 197 74 75 144 185 404 426 325 180 161 108 179 622 553 772 434 366 387 411 731 601 774 388 447 482 504 560 454 705 262 343 280 811 340 345 392 237 216 270 313 64.7 60 62.1 9.2 218 100 150 228.4 230 330.1 105.7 195.2 100 100 318.4 502.7 407.4 335 296.6 134.1 150 377 682 352 335 371 391 345 293.9 330.5 352.1 237 292.5 243.7 349 185.2 47 142.6 214.1 190.7 240 169 117 169 207 314.3 404 443 774.8 826 1029 958 884 900 761.7 679 852 460.4 541 398 Table 11 (cont’d) YAKELEY AND GILCHRIST HALL 0306 WILLIAMS HALL 0308 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Jan 766 657 280 400 798 614 609 593 341 400 611 770 287 260 300 125 138 126 23 482 341 406 400 Feb 790 1066 760 774 552 667 669 582 856 786 873 916 395.3 320 340 326.9 317.7 262.1 0 343.7 363.5 364.6 360 Mar 822 632 633 570 886 550 993 585 542 514 773 827 236 240 540 193 227 190 0 279 284 355 350 Apr 788 867 687 953 863 May 572 183 776 497 509 770 452 623 690 580 1105 1167 313 302 433 436 650 673 700 231.1 350 760 258.4 279.2 305.8 0 130 90 750 160 293 127 0 388.5 428 602.2 400 123 128 188 5.5 82 Jun 139 183 78 225 209 785 327 268 61 143 611 1000 173 90 70 12.9 31.6 22.9 0 157 81.2 93.2 3 Jul 166 183 59 309 Aug 378 183 140 277 Sep 906 823 630 905 Oct 900 977 1046 822 Nov 643 767 718 844 Dec 361 516 723 783 583 585 231 566 43 119 705 558 510 647 572 382 309 677 850 854 779 655 768 729 762 876 911 701 792 915 1172 1103 675 614 630 558 721 1189 1272 441 689 347 567 549 439 500 256 150 110 128 25 37.5 14 240.5 200 281 167.5 79 49.3 13 405.6 297.4 349 314.2 312.5 155.8 32 454 379 270 306 404 396 18 321.6 263.4 370 217.9 316 175.9 13 216.5 220 160 209.7 205.4 241.4 14 140 344 162 100 1.6 176 43.2 256.3 138.1 60.5 457 394.9 491.3 396.1 361.8 461 453 440 400 419 337.5 416.8 402.5 400 285.1 275.6 121.1 321.4 320 282.8 Table 11 (cont’d) MARY MAYO HALL 0309 BUTTERFIEL D HALL 0310 RATHER HALL 0311 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan 88.8 40.4 40 257 288 334 118 0 273 313 429 568 411 570 515 1208 467 736 505 545 505 495 446 Feb 109.7 204.4 44 308 332 357 367 0 337 322 425 534 555 961 625 661 507 586 611 571 340 461 482 Mar 75.3 217 43 Apr 87.9 391.1 52 May 86.7 90 34 Jun 12 123 33 252 275 304 230 366 425 313 318 48 54 111 0 22 67 15 0 298 305 409 406 228 115 142 45 353 395 384 435 566 482 469 425 467 406 358 368 483 506 517 614 625 830 635 531 190 43 144 96 165 160 193 597 570 647 448 555 477 138 64 92 53 82 200 83 48 122 69 105 166 650 113 95 105 6 58 362 260 Jul 15.9 9 Aug 15.1 8 Sep 85.5 92 Oct 162 176 Nov 93.6 215 Dec 92.8 100 26 24 83 86 0 189 108 116 168 137 0 0 218 353 314 444 324 0 890 380 371 379 371 343 0 1031 440 283 274 365 242 0 300 329 176 204 130 192 0 220 212 58 96 122 58 65 97 100 207 189 212 245 389 277 270 533 505 688 706 735 178 200 515 659 373 575 532 1084 499 393 387 684 546 462 808 200 251 275 372 167 160 143 332 416 36 210 103 27 5 190 813 224 344 450 283 221 191 1161 550 799 555 664 204 191 1597 666 745 582 498 1026 522 1334 1155 578 588 459 496 250 1421 305 292 123 143 127 292 Table 11 (cont’d) 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 BRODY HALL 2004 0313 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 EMMONS 2004 HALL 0314 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 BAILEY HALL 2004 BRYAN HALL 0312 Jan 402 1073 1435 1408 1498 549 110 321 1096 1337 1954 2234 1571 1600 771 2128 1263 1001 1541 1114 513 20 Feb 305 1213 1384 1482 1041 552 112 388 1306 1415 1821 1769 1610 1600 949 1674 1101 990 1167 674 498 20 Mar 616 1219 1429 1109 1029 399 91.3 330 1123 1430 1688 1722 1541 1500 939 1633 1214 915 975 481 509 20 Apr 502 1220 1574 1638 1266 668 57.3 390 1285 1779 2606 2052 2076 2000 1015 1708 1177 1444 1195 549 20 20 May 103 750 1030 1513 948 800 800 247 1569 701 735 530 360 20 20 84 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 781 730 1120 191 59 100 100 957 923 1043 490 330 30 125 1099 1286 1690 1060 739 257 397 1433 1692 1600 1295 562 250 366 1123 1387 1408 1477 500 250 180 867 1523 1264 890 150 246.8 256 863 799 1458 1107 1247 1200 1200 1262 1058 1236 1807 1417 1400 1400 1616 1616 2182 2082 2360 2300 2300 2250 2020 2051 2238 1865 1900 1500 1845 1249 1869 2235 1707 1700 640 852 1221 1533 1138 1081 1000 550 1325 1739 1567 895 459 70 20 1325 1333 2941 1080 745 152 20 1490 1049 1178 1559 1403 723 20 1709 1275 1142 1197 1010 608 20 1499 1500 1149 1497 979 544 20 1308 1417 824 936 731 179 20 2045 871 932 1813 584 329 300 117 Jun 2351 2487 2579 2313 2096 0 661 984 1773 214 14 200 69 764 1201 1313 897 800 800 206 1617 1397 985 266 121 20 Table 11 (cont’d) 0315 ARMSTRONG HALL 0316 SHAW HALL 0317 VANHOOSEN HALL 0319 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2007 2008 2009 Jan 1810 1565 1202 1269 1264 447 433 814 938 950 1273 585 202 419 1435 1385 1987 2580 1723 1000 3828 140 183 Feb 2080 1647 1209 1006 1203 450 516 878 996 980 1008 571 197.6 493 1683 1658 1964 2069 2055 2723 1645 158 133 Mar 1736 1249 1064 979 503 433 431 605 948 786 1011 422 163 433 1607 1429 1500 1835 1564 1937 1218 116 122 Apr 1968 1383 1310 1208 353 350 530 May 1523 858 665 675 248 250 91 1168 1114 1182 1238 738 700 521 558 562 401 434 686 171 118 1712 1887 661 1891 2351 1912 2777 540 427 968 214 327 405 400 101 133 20 13 85 Jun 1523 825 890 592 27 20 0 494 544 280 484 500 200 53 529 533 614 458 797 745 1845 54 25 Jul 1608 589 865 925 13 13 Aug 1291 695 1166 962 143 338 Sep 1670 1241 1116 1577 836 338 Oct 1670 1279 1247 1255 543 481 Nov 1132 1149 1216 1262 453 240 Dec 1815 936 709 1077 108 294 700 454 399 303 651 650 257 1026 587 854 680 704 700 257 1034 992 1471 924 1332 198.9 257 1091 1135 1646 1046 1087 200 584 889 761 959 1223 1101 100 250 586 762 587 706 364 323 335 288 946 954 616 953 1080 1246 873 1147 944 3562 1229 1218 1193 1632 2511 2500 2621 2380 2673 2476 2079 2231 2500 2498 1813 2375 1134 1523 1403 1100 2733 1630 2607 3101 1046 1103 1459 1451 728 1261 3859 120 133 0 128 168 39 35 61 61 32 108 86 143 194 Table 11 (cont’d) OWEN GRADUATE HALL 0320 CASE HALL 0321 WILSON HALL 0322 WONDERS HALL 0323 MCDONEL HALL 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 Jan 126 105 1571 1630 1986 2280 1568 1574 1500 5260 1365 1350 1785 1336 1500 1650 1247 2634 2400 2948 3438 Feb 134 264 1833 1814 1826 1914 1531 1349 1500 1488 1609 2091 2099 2150 1800 2180 2275 2496 1620 2332 1627 Mar 129 250 1652 1443 1603 1974 1658 2074 1500 1381 1363 1806 1967 1476 1590 2040 1230 2000 1547 1466 2620 Apr 88 88 1962 2026 2069 1886 1556 1452 1609 May 8 28 1443 1055 1103 1114 1100 1100 1128 1575 1569 706 407 2194 2239 1844 2040 1940 2226 1000 1773 1600 1573 787 530 631 240 650 560 1000 734 532 1365 86 Jun 17 15 1255 1200 1386 1113 1100 1174 1002 371 349 442 487 495 700 490 229 1411 249 542 1649 Jul 22 Aug 69 Sep 144 Oct 454 Nov 239 Dec 130 1049 640 1526 931 1450 1400 776 1638 1700 1240 1647 1829 3770 2240 1897 1900 2172 2270 2453 2224 1794 2010 2200 2071 2198 2057 1659 2002 1908 976 1903 2580 1575 2209 1706 1262 2214 1464 675 644 714 1136 1493 0 1223 388 530 1794 1871 228 444 2321 2314 1992 0 1235 570 713 1050 1150 491 1132 1201 641 1667 1040 1111 974 520 1184 1990 2230 2010 2079 1827 2003 1733 2017 2089 2130 1830 2092 2755 1705 1694 1542 1800 1836 1596 1472 1505 1336 1179 990 937 1410 2573 981 1672 0 1300 848 1509 1572 2144 Table 11 (cont’d) 0324 UNIVERSITY HOUSING OFFICE 0325 AKERS HALL 0326 HOLMES HALL 0330 HUBBARD HALL 0331 HOLDEN HALL 0332 VETERINARY RESEARCH CENTER LARGE ANIMAL BARN 0446A 2011 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Jan 1636 3 1940 1690 2608 2622 2685 4450 3330 3090 3044 0 2088 5523 1536 149 89 336 356 400 Feb 2057 3 1456 1958 3315 2956 3202 2918 3212 2523 2500 734 2312 1762 1778 247 84 388 556 400 Mar 1800 3 2179 1613 2514 2485 2172 3703 3132 3960 2513 2282 1915 1408 1522 164 94 206 422 400 Apr 1963 May 567 3 3 1484 1854 3724 2930 3703 3026 3458 2480 2932 2000 2716 594 670 673 536 462 332 552 866 1116 1000 539 2175 1828 724 394 128 97 146 316 300 146 74 208 356 300 87 Jun 318 0 Jul Aug 3 Sep Oct Nov Dec 5 3 3 3 3 906 2012 0 1514 1000 1300 1000 700 1197 1081 1685 657 1379 587 1012 1071 1827 1942 1414 1361 1363 2910 1587 1994 3168 2897 3347 3707 4265 3708 2707 3419 3609 3064 3739 3455 2982 3762 3062 2706 2434 4548 2834 3111 1491 1935 1499 1650 2496 2470 1331 2540 844 844 2289 2195 2000 1205 3 781 450 706 450 596 903 1117 1902 641 1000 214 707 46 77 88 120 369 300 744 777 2629 1811 1641 0 1162 57 127 90 221 352 300 93 148 112 224 519 500 103 115 99 530 289 300 69 154 106 220 321 300 85 78 94 227 300 300 100 90 378 376 400 400 Table 11 (cont’d) 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2010 2011 2009 2010 M.S.U. FEDERAL CREDIT UNION MAIN OFFICE 2011 0606 MUSIC/MUSIC 2004 PRACTICE 2005 1121 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 VETERINARY 2004 MEDICAL 2005 CENTER 2006 Jan 400 Feb 400 Mar 400 Apr 300 May 300 Jun 300 2534 3788 3783 3780 5338 6026 2393 2672 5091 4901 4135 4189 2164 3320 4219 4121 4046 4523 2681 3573 3642 4048 3974 5920 2610 3015 3837 4731 5210 4556 2526 3595 3403 4537 4036 4022 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7 2 0 4 22.5 39 15.5 32.9 22 16.1 17 28 49 14 25 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1220 3319 3598 4277 3145 5458 1935 4080 3744 5453 5098 4615 1792 3781 4095 4045 4310 4444 2184 3731 3405 4280 5339 6212 2110 3872 4182 3851 3734 3297 2178 4311 4737 3851 4032 3999 48 17 223 52 0 0 69 60 240 81 36 0 36 0 46.3 61.3 55.7 61.5 16.6 28 0 60.8 55.2 63.5 50.1 39.6 28 0 121.9 64.2 73.3 75 99 28 0 63.9 66.6 70 78.6 166 28 0 37.9 51.5 120.8 122.5 51.3 28 0 27.6 26.8 141.1 18.5 13.9 28 4.2 15.9 17.1 4.5 18.9 14.5 9.4 25.3 18 8 20.7 7.8 5.4 8.7 11.55 2.8 14.2 11.55 80 0 42.7 50.5 134 52.2 45.4 36 4.1 12.1 0 44.1 50.4 45 57.2 52 56 4.8 11 144 43.3 55.7 53 49.3 60.3 53 5.9 12.1 57.1 58.3 76.2 89.5 78.5 67.7 37 32.3 82.2 31.3 19.5 12.6 0 97 8.2 14.1 0 12.4 88 44.7 45.8 41.7 24.4 41.3 0 33 64.1 14.2 Table 11 (cont’d) 170 CLINICAL CENTER 2000 DEMMER SHOOTING RANGE 224 FACULTY 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2010 2011 2004 Jan 11.6 11.1 13.7 7.7 21 0 0 180 175 402 0 526 387 1367 Feb 11.55 11 12.2 9.5 12 0 0 186 167.9 483 0 546 332 742 Mar 12.3 14.1 14.7 10.9 5 0 0 177 243 127 0 413 532 457 Apr 13.8 14.3 21.8 6.8 5 May 15.4 10.7 12 6 10 0 459 192 177 245 0 677 421 575 0 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.6 2.8 3 0 0 2.9 3 2.9 3.5 2.1 5 2.477 0 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.3 4 5 4.35 0 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.1 2.8 1 1.745 0 4.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.4 10 11.7 5.5 2.8 3.2 3.8 5.4 7 16.9 2 1 6 2 2 Jul 12.2 20.5 8.8 3 Aug 12.9 14.6 8.9 4 Sep 19.4 16.2 15 12 Oct 22.9 17.1 11.4 6 Nov 16.3 14.7 14 4 Dec 6.7 11 3.6 5 0 0 1037 205 180 0 0 455.6 225.7 384 0 0 196.1 229.5 256 0 0 186 177 294 0 0 168.8 271.1 331 0 0 215.2 140.7 270 0 445 551 322 450 629 568 538 455 444 382 282 454 399 310 574 447 335 0 0 6.9 3 4.2 3.2 1 0 0 4.4 3.1 3 3.1 3 0 0 3.9 3.4 4.8 3.9 1 0 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.8 2.8 2 0 2.8 3.3 4.4 2.9 2 0 2.9 2.4 2.5 3.4 0 8 26 21 4 2 2 2 230 0 1199 227 174.1 137 0 592 394 438 Jun 12.2 13.8 14.8 6.1 7 0 0 608 233 219 174 0 518 555 500 322 463 489 428 356.5 3 89 Table 11 (cont’d) BRICK APARTMENT S 7000 FOOTBALL BUILDING 77 WHARTON CENTER 0085 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 Jan 357 365 288 238 646 208 1451 129 92 80 80 60 58 95 11 15 21 13 14 12 46 40 130 Feb 356.5 396 320 340 646 200 1590 124 106 122 120 116 76 73 16 18 29 29 25 26 33 84 266 Mar 357 506 279 510 255 304 1690 86 143 106 100 88 69 68 14 23 59 35 20 18 41 73 92 Apr 331 554 276 584 216 184 321 May 325 474 238 657 255 250 344 95 164 122 120 100 103 118 49 76 75 75 78 34 43 17 31 32.4 29 27 40 35 21 5 32.4 20 19 19 16 68 94 43 76 90 Jun 278 377 224 446 132 270 0 77 112 110 110 106 68 81 24 18 32.4 26 19 24 35 74 15 Jul 288 340 127 494 140 140 Aug 266 313 191 618 107 588 Sep 351 366 226 554 164 844 Oct 346 326 233 723 218 1105 Nov 275 305 325 559 112 1220 Dec 293 320 199 646 109 1346 74 93 68 70 70 106 71 152 199 181 180 180 143 80 140 159 165 160 160 116 194 139 163 134 130 130 158 127 131 88 113 110 229 84 64 230 64 61 120 64 60 53 19 24 18 32.4 37 58 31 23 33 38 32.4 57 30 29 28 34 40 59 47 36 82 25 31 38 48 52 85 22 17 19 27 30 26 21 19 11 15 23 18 18 22 20 15 18 30 37 47 36 51 52 53 52 76 81 89 75 112 68 29 31 Table 11 (cont’d) FARRALL AGRICULTUR AL ENGINEERIN G HALL 0091 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Jan 67 83 101 72 58 18.6 20 24 29.7 30.5 37 25 Feb 53 61 94 37 76 22.6 26 48 23.98 28 25.74 39 Mar 57 70 174 59 36 18.8 21 2.6 31.1 27.9 64.8 27 Apr 100 94 220 83 29 May 49 27 24 177 59 28.24 19 7.3 26.46 31.62 5.41 33 15.8 19 20.1 15.8 33.1 20.3 23 91 Jun 44 113 24 12 9 10.5 12 13 25.1 17 20.7 18 Jul 196 79 15 9 Aug 42 118 21 20 Sep 30 87 32 19 Oct 125 51 41 71 Nov 126 90 37 65 Dec 22 100 68 77 10.1 9.87 18 19 28.3 22.6 49 12.55 18.58 38 23 20.87 37.44 32 53.48 50.42 64 27 34.9 42.89 30 25.6 22.9 92 31 32.2 30.4 32 24.64 16.36 21 43.6 26.08 37.77 30 15.34 18.34 15 10.03 15.75 21.63 26 Appendix B Inventory of Autoclaves/Sterilizers *note: Unit price must be greater than $5,000 to be listed in inventory 92 Table 12: Inventory of autoclaves/sterilizers Table 12 (cont’d) Organization Asset Owner Tag Number Number Organization Code 500405 500431 500367 501606 501626 501768 9945 9993 11211 18396 18420 17587 10046059 10032114 10002348 10032098 10032098 10002348 504635 23107 10032500 503202 503644 503297 503298 12817 12164 12994 12995 10022646 10002410 10032114 10002673 503862 12612 10032114 503663 504740 504965 12216 23229 100611 10022582 10022641 10057673 Building Code Asset Description 215 178 179 168 168 179 CONSOLDATED SSR5APD STERILIZER STERILIZER SSR-2A-PB CSS K492473 RAUCH STEAM STERILIZER CONSOLIDATED STERILIZER CONSOLIDATED STERILIZER MODEL 533LS STERILIZER STEAM STERILIZER, MICROCOMPUTERCONTROLLED NOTE: NEW EQUIPMENT ITEM NEVER TAGGED BY KBS. SHOULD 0720N HAVE BEEN TAGGED IN 2008-09 PRICE INCLUDES $800 TRADE-IN CREDIT OF EXISTING STERILIZER 183 CONSOLIDATGED STERILIZER (AUTOCLAVE) MODEL SR-24A CHAMBER 86 STERILIZER FIXED 121C 178 CONSOLIDATED SSR-3A-PB STERILIZER 178 STERILIZER NOTE: 66 178 CONSOLIDATED STILLS 7 STERILIZERS MODEL SSR-3A-PB REBUILDING OF ETC STERILIZER, 201 CHAMBER 183 CONSOLIDATED SSR-3A-PB STERILIZER 0181A CONSOLIDATED SSR-3A-ADVPB 93 In-Service Date 2/1/1998 7/1/1996 6/1/1998 4/19/2005 4/19/2005 2/28/2005 6/11/2008 9/8/2000 4/17/2000 11/13/2000 11/13/2000 5/23/2000 5/1/2000 2/11/2009 2/8/2010 Table 12 (cont’d) Organization Tag Asset Owner Number Number Organization Code Building Code Asset Description In-Service Date STERILIZER 505192 505193 23931 23932 10002348 10002348 505237 519656 505152 68240 10032142 10032142 10002344 505902 506883 507876 23880 15947 14180 13267 10046906 10046906 10002673 507972 15546 10046906 507797 509297 509939 15525 8568 6170 10002210 10059512 10032674 509950 509954 508058 510020 6189 6206 16678 9185 10032674 10032674 10002038 10002344 179 CONSLIDATED SSR-3A-PB STERILIZER 179 CONSLIDATED SSR-3A-PB STERILIZER CONSOLIDATED STILLS & STERILIZERS 163 AUTOCLAVE 163 Steris Sterilizer 180 CASTLE VACUUM STEAM STERILIZER CONSOLIDATED STERILIZER gmd 06/19/03 170 corrected value from $29,468 to $35,624.00. Tag 15888 is part of this tag (15947). Tag 15888 deleted 170 STERILIZER 0181A STERILIZER ETN 1300 STERRAD 100S STERILIZER 15546 WAS PREVIOUSLY ASSIGNED TO SOFTWARE, 170 DELETED AND ASSIGNED TO CURRENT EQUIPMENT. RCK 07-08-04 86 AUTOCLAVE STERILIZER CONSOLIDATED FORMERLY#14133; PER CERT 02210, 01-02 202 CHAMBER STERILIZER MPS CASTLE 178 STERILIZER GRAVITY 3021 AMSCO STERILIZER 5460DD AMER 300411 NOTE: 178 GRNHS 178 STERILIZER GRAVITY 3021 AMSCO 91 STERILMATIC STERILIZERS CHAMBER 180 TUTTNAUER-BRINKMAN 3820-E STERILIZER 94 2/8/2001 2/8/2001 4/27/2009 8/13/2011 2/14/2003 5/21/2003 7/23/2001 4/27/2001 5/9/2004 7/23/2001 3/1/1994 2/1/1993 7/1/1966 2/1/1993 4/7/2004 10/1/1997 Table 12 (cont’d) Organization Tag Asset Owner Number Number Organization Code 9/26/2005 10028546 183 CONSOLIDATED SR-24A DIRECT STEAM HEATED STERILIZER 211 STERILIZER SG-120 AMSCO 0101995-03 179 FMC 610-10 STERILIZER 202 BETA-STAR STERILIZER STERILMATIC STEAM PRESSURE 330 STERILIZER STERILMATIC STEAM PRESSURE 330 STERILIZER 10002161 10032674 10032674 22 MARKET FORGE STERILIZER NOTE: MSU BIOREFINERY value includes $472.50 freight 178 CONSOLIDATED SSR-3A-PB STERILIZER 178 CONSOLIDATED SSR-3A-PB STERILIZER 6/21/2007 10002210 86 CONSOLIDATED STERILIZER 1/25/07 GMD PER 05-06 CERT TRANSFERED TO 02210 5/19/2006 10002210 86 CONSOLIDATED STERILIZER 1/25/07 GMD PER 05-06 CERT TRANSFERED TO 02210 5/19/2006 22 HIRAYAM AUTOCLAVE STERILIZER NOTE: MSU BIOREFINERY CONSOLIDATED SSR-3A-PB 20"" X 38"" 178 STERILIZER 4/22/2008 10046059 10032674 10016140 10046908 513783 512396 512193 513768 19344 847 811 19328 10022646 10057351 10002348 10059512 514435 20536 10028546 514436 20537 515268 514273 514274 20763 21410 21411 514382 19483 215 178 81 170 In-Service Date 3/8/2004 11/1/1992 9/1/1991 8/1/1996 16891 5965 1576 9697 19482 Asset Description GETINGE 233LS STEAM STERILIZER STERILIZER 3023 AMSCO STERILIZER 2021 AMSCO R811739101 STERILIZER SSR-3A-PB CSS 508874 509500 509391 510745 514381 Building Code 515123 21651 10002161 514908 21588 10032674 95 3/1/1995 6/1/1991 6/16/2006 5/18/2007 5/18/2007 10/10/2007 10/10/2007 11/27/2007 Table 12 (cont’d) Organization Tag Asset Owner Number Number Organization Code 515557 515965 519346 519851 21827 21925 101738 10046518 10059351 10032674 10032500 520274 102775 10016148 501819 501903 501916 17642 17735 17748 10002038 10032098 10032098 502117 502297 18009 18281 10016148 10046059 502607 101062 10032586 Building Code Asset Description 170 186 178 0720N CONSOLIDATED SR-24A-PB STERILIZER CONSOLIDATED SR-24C-PB STERILIZER Lab 500 Scientific Steam Sterilizer Steris 110 Scientific Lab Steam Sterilizer Consolidated SR-24A-ADVPLUS Laboratory 0203A Steam Sterilizer 91 GETINGE 533LS AUTOCLAVE 168 AUTOCLAVE SR-24D 168 AUTOCLAVE SSR-3A-PB 0203A MARKET FORGE STERILMATIC AUTOCLAVE, REMANUFACTURED 215 MILLIPORE SUPER Q WATER SYSTEM 9/8/2011 2/28/2005 9/22/2004 9/22/2004 1/13/2005 7/7/2005 5/5/2010 9/8/2000 503202 504379 12817 22684 10022646 10016250 505237 505422 68240 100202 10032142 10046518 10046638 186 4 BOWL SUPER-Q WATER SYSTEM NOTE: COMMON AREA 14016 4/29/2008 5/5/2008 1/6/2011 6/7/2011 160 BARNSTEAD NANOPURE LIFE SCIENCE WATER SYSTEM 183 CONSOLIDATGED STERILIZER (AUTOCLAVE) MODEL SR-24A CHAMBER 81 MILLIPORE WATER SYSTEM CONSOLIDATED STILLS & STERILIZERS 163 AUTOCLAVE 170 MILLIPORE MILLI-Q WATER SYSTEM 506446 In-Service Date 96 6/9/2009 4/27/2009 12/7/2009 6/7/2011 Table 12 (cont’d) Organization Tag Asset Owner Number Number Organization Code 506640 14057 Building Code Asset Description In-Service Date 10059512 160 CAGE MOUSE GENTLE AIR SYSTEM WITH AUTO WATERING 2-25-10 change 09 to 06 10/12/2001 10/12/2001 506641 14059 10059512 160 CAGE MOUSE GENTLE AIR SYSTEM WITH AUTO WATERING 2-25-10 change 09 to 06 506642 14060 10059512 160 CAGE MOUSE GENTLE AIR SYSTEM WITH AUTO WATERING 2-25-10 change 09 to 06 10/12/2001 506643 14061 10059512 160 CAGE MOUSE GENTLE AIR SYSTEM WITH AUTO WATERING 10/12/2001 507599 16517 10016250 507797 507901 508352 509220 510207 510795 15525 13317 14638 5764 6435 2402 10002210 10032142 10032098 10032580 10032920 10016167 510920 511209 511612 512462 512681 513409 7089 334 7403 3276 3370 20255 10002673 10016140 10002410 10032098 10032098 10046638 81 MILLIPORE DIRECT-Q 5 WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM 86 AUTOCLAVE STERILIZER CONSOLIDATED FORMERLY#14133; PER CERT 02210, 01-02 163 ULTRAPURE WATER SYSTEM 168 STERIS AUTOCLAVE EQUIPMENT, DOOR 29 EQUATHERM 392597 WATER BATH 24 AMSCO 2020 AUTOCLAVE 81 MINI-BONDER UMC AUTOCLAVE AUTOCLAVE SG-120 AMSCO 10J7WC ETN 0181A 1300 81 AEI BC0200 AUTOCLAVE 86 CSS SSR-3APB AUTOCLAVE 168 AMSCO 2041 AUTOCLAVE 168 CASTLE 60 AUTOCLAVE 180 TUTTNAUER 3850E W/STD AUTOCLAVE 97 3/30/2007 7/23/2001 5/9/2001 4/19/2002 7/1/1983 11/1/1990 4/1/1986 9/1/1997 11/1/1991 8/1/1997 8/1/1984 11/1/1990 3/30/2007 Table 12 (cont’d) Organization Tag Asset Owner Number Number Organization Code 513428 513620 21141 20314 10034586 10032114 514198 19453 10022668 514502 21495 10002038 515123 21651 10002161 519399 103861 10049216 520356 102669 10034646 Building Code Asset Description In-Service Date 168 TUTTNAUER 3545EP AUTOCLAVE 178 CONSOLIDATED MDF-U5OVC AUTOCLAVE TUTTNAUER/BRINKMANN 3545EP 160 AUTOCLAVE MILLIPORE ELIX 5 WATER PURIFICATION 91 SYSTEM 10/2/2007 4/5/2000 22 HIRAYAM AUTOCLAVE STERILIZER NOTE: MSU BIOREFINERY Haskris R175 Refrigerated Water Recirculating 164 System MILLIPORE MILLI Q WATER PURIFICATION 183 SYSTEM 4/22/2008 98 3/9/2006 2/28/2008 1/24/2011 9/29/2011 APPENDIX C Biomedical Physical Sciences Building sterilizers *note: Known presence of tempering cold water line 99 Table 13: Biomedical Physical Sciences Building sterilizers Table 13 (cont’d) Equipment Type Serial # Exclude Parts and Repair Labor (Bronze) 20X20X38 CENTURY ISO STER 20X20X38 CENTURY ISO STER 500 LAB GLASSWARE WASHER 24x36x48" PREVAC STERILIZER 24x36x48" PREVAC STERILIZER 500 LAB GLASSWARE WASHER 20X20X38 CENTURY ISO STER 24x36x48" PREVAC STERILIZER 20X20X38 CENTURY ISO STER 24x36x48" PREVAC STERILIZER 20X20X38 CENTURY ISO STER 20X20X38 CENTURY ISO STER 400 LAB GLASSWARE WASHER 500 LAB GLASSWARE WASHER 400 LAB GLASSWARE WASHER 500 LAB GLASSWARE WASHER 400 LAB GLASSWARE WASHER 400 LAB GLASSWARE WASHER 20X20X38 CENTURY ISO STER 20X20X38 CENTURY ISO STER 010610102 010530110 3604501006 013620002 010440113 3605301007 010610107 010030105 010540121 010100107 010530111 010530122 3605401008 3605201004 3604601003 3604301010 3604601004 3605101010 010610106 010540101 $1,466 $1,466 $3,050 $1,642 $1,642 $3,050 $1,466 $1,642 $1,466 $1,642 $1,466 $1,466 $3,050 $3,050 $3,050 $3,050 $3,050 $3,050 $1,478 $1,478 100 Exclude All Parts (Bronze +) $2,277 $2,277 $3,725 $2,898 $2,898 $3,725 $2,277 $2,898 $2,277 $2,898 $2,277 $2,277 $3,725 $3,725 $3,725 $3,725 $3,725 $3,725 $2,673 $2,673 Exclude Repair Parts and Labor (Silver) $2,175 $2,175 $4,032 $2,625 $2,625 $4,032 $2,175 $2,625 $2,175 $2,625 $2,175 $2,175 $4,032 $4,032 $4,032 $4,032 $4,032 $4,032 $2,334 $2,334 Exclude Repair Parts (Gold) Comprehensi ve (Platinum) Room # $2,831 $2,831 $4,600 $3,514 $3,514 $4,600 $2,831 $3,514 $2,831 $3,514 $2,831 $2,831 $4,600 $4,600 $4,600 $4,600 $4,600 $4,600 $3,131 $3,131 $3,447 $3,447 $4,988 $4,287 $4,287 $4,988 $3,447 $4,287 $3,447 $4,287 $3,447 $3,447 $4,988 $4,988 $4,988 $4,988 $4,988 $4,988 $3,866 $3,866 6133 2160B 2160B 6133 2135 2160B 6133 6133 2135 2160B 2160B 2160B 6133 2135 6133 3133 4133 5133 4133 4133 Table 13 (cont’d) Equipment Type Serial # 20X20X38 CENTURY ISO STER 24x36x48" PREVAC STERILIZER 24x36x48" PREVAC STERILIZER 20X20X38 CENTURY ISO STER 24x36x48" PREVAC STERILIZER 400 LAB GLASSWARE WASHER 24x36x48" PREVAC STERILIZER 400 LAB GLASSWARE WASHER 20X20X38 CENTURY ISO STER Total 010620103 010450108 010160102 010600110 010440108 3604601001 010520105 3604601002 010550101 Bronze Bronze Plus Silver Gold Platinum PM Inspections Y Y Y Y Y Exclude Parts and Repair Labor (Bronze) Exclude All Parts (Bronze +) $1,466 $1,642 $1,642 $1,478 $1,642 $3,050 $1,642 $3,050 $1,466 $59,801 $2,277 $2,898 $2,898 $2,673 $2,898 $3,725 $2,898 $3,725 $2,277 $86,662 PM Parts Repair Labor Exclude Repair Parts and Labor (Silver) $2,175 $2,625 $2,625 $2,334 $2,625 $4,032 $2,625 $4,032 $2,175 $85,721 Y Y 101 Comprehensi ve (Platinum) $2,831 $3,514 $3,514 $3,131 $3,514 $4,600 $3,514 $4,600 $2,831 $106,152 $3,447 $4,287 $4,287 $3,866 $4,287 $4,988 $4,287 $4,988 $3,447 $123,349 Repair Parts Y Y Y Y Exclude Repair Parts (Gold) Y Room # 5133 5133 3133 4133 5133 5133 4133 4133 3133 Appendix D Residence Hall Occupants 102 Table 14: Residence hall occupants. TOTAL HOUSED IN RESIDENCE HALLS Akers Armstrong Bailey Bryan Butterfield Campbell Case Emmons Holden Holmes Hubbard Landon Mason/Abbot Mayo McDonel Owen Rather Shaw Snyder/Phillips VanHoosen Williams Wilson Wonders Yakeley University Village Fall Semester 2009 1250 446 419 398 340 236 838 420 1079 1179 1057 275 618 209 882 561 424 855 587 73 194 983 908 454 Fall Semester 2010 1054 441 429 434 340 255 837 0 1034 1160 1084 272 509 201 887 699 394 860 624 81 191 970 925 463 304 304 *Data provided by Diane Barker (Barker, 2011) 103 Appendix E Building Construction / Addition Dates 104 Table 15: Building construction / addition dates Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name 0002 BERKEY HALL BERKEY HALL 0003 OLIN MEMORIAL HEALTH CENTER OLIN MEMORIAL HEALTH CENTER OLIN MEMORIAL HEALTH CENTER OLIN MEMORIAL HEALTH CENTER ADDITION 1 0005 HUMAN ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGY HUMAN ECOLOGY ADDITION 2 HUMAN ECOLOGY ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 ADDITION 3 - ELECT SUBSTATION 0006 UNION BUILDING UNION BUILDING UNION BUILDING UNION BUILDING UNION BUILDING UNION BUILDING ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 ADDITION 3 ADDITION 4 0008 WILLS, H. MERRILL, HOUSE WILLS HOUSE 105 Addn Year Built 152169 1947 Cell Sum: 152169 38438 1939 Famis Cad Sqft 61991 1956 5350 1969 Cell Sum: 105780 67373 8410 1889 786 Cell Sum: 78458 81724 30047 86897 2105 8151 Cell Sum: 208924 7879 1924 1937 1980 1990 1924 1936 1949 1980 1997 1927 Table 15 (cont’d) Building 0009 Entity Official Name COWLES HOUSE COWLES HOUSE COWLES HOUSE Addn Name COWLES HOUSE (ORIGINAL PORTION ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 - PORCH ENCLOSURE 0011 MUSIC BUILDING MUSIC BUILDING MUSIC PRACTICE (0021) MUSIC ADDITION 1 MUSIC PRACTICE 0013 MUSEUM MUSEUM MUSEUM ADDITION 1 0014 LINTON, ROBERT S., HALL LINTON, ROBERT S., HALL LINTON, ROBERT S., HALL LINTON HALL ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 - ELECT SUBSTATION ADDITION 3 - HANDICAP ACCESS LINTON, ROBERT S., HALL 0015 EUSTACE-COLE HALL EUSTACE-COLE HALL EUSTACE-COLE HALL ADDITION 1 106 Famis Cad Sqft Addn Year Built Cell Sum: 7879 5401 1857 10510 1950 965 2000 Cell Sum: 16876 34125 28560 36091 98776 52067 2931 Cell Sum: 54998 18451 19878 622 1940 1956 1968 1924 1957 1881 1947 1989 888 1996 Cell Sum: 39839 9864 1888 1568 1998 Cell Sum: 11432 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name 0016 MARSHALL-ADAMS HALL MARSHALL-ADAMS HALL 0017 OLD BOTANY OLD BOTANY OLD BOTANY ADDITION 1 0019 CHITTENDEN, ALFRED K., HALL CHITTENDEN HALL 0020 COOK, ALBERT J., HALL COOK HALL 0022 AGRICULTURE HALL AGRICULTURE HALL AGRICULTURE HALL AGRICULTURE HALL ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 - ANNEX 0024 NATURAL SCIENCE NATURAL SCIENCE NATURAL SCIENCE ADDITION 1 ELECT SUBSTATION 0025 OLD HORTICULTURE OLD HORTICULTURE OLD HORTICULTURE OLD HORTICULTURE ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 107 Addn Year Built 20189 1902 Cell Sum: 20189 6711 1892 7473 1908 Cell Sum: 14184 13489 1901 Famis Cad Sqft Cell Sum: 13489 10246 Cell Sum: 36091 97896 325 35759 Cell Sum: 133979 191185 1336 1889 1909 1991 1999 1948 2007 Cell Sum: 192522 42425 1924 1444 1963 605 1991 Cell Sum: Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name 0027 PSYCHOLOGY BUILDING PSYCHOLOGY BUILDING PSYCHOLOGY BUILDING PSYCHOLOGY BUILDING PSYCHOLOGY BUILDING ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 ADDITION 3 0028 GILTNER HALL GILTNER HALL (VET CLINIC) ADDITION 1 (ANATOMY & RES) ADDITION 2 (NORTH WING OF VET) ADDITION 3 (SOUTH WING OF VET) ADDITION 4 (ANATOMY) ADDITION 5 (VET & ANATOMY) ADDITION 6 (TRANSFORMER ROOM) ADDITION 7 (ELEC SUBSTATION) GILTNER HALL GILTNER HALL GILTNER HALL GILTNER HALL GILTNER HALL GILTNER HALL GILTNER HALL 0029 KEDZIE HALL (NORTH AND SOUTH) KEDZIE HALL (NORTH AND SOUTH) KEDZIE HALL- NORTH ADDITION 1 (SOUTH) 108 Famis Cad Sqft 44474 99663 503 1384 13483 Cell Sum: 115033 13440 Addn Year Built 1949 1955 1973 1976 1913 26165 1931 26567 1938 13938 1940 863 1947 171528 1952 1068 1968 1355 1994 Cell Sum: 254924 87945 1927 69168 1966 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name KEDZIE HALL (NORTH AND SOUTH) 0030 ALUMNI MEMORIAL CHAPEL Addn Name ADDITION 2 ENCLOSE CHILLER ALUMNI MEMORIAL CHAPEL 0031 AUDITORIUM AUDITORIUM 0035 COMPUTER CENTER COMPUTER CENTER 0047 OLDS HALL OLDS HALL OLDS HALL ADDITION 1 0049 LIBRARY LIBRARY LIBRARY LIBRARY LIBRARY ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 ADDITION 3 0051 INTRAMURAL RECREATIVE SPORTS - CIRCLE INTRAMURAL RECREATIVE SPORTS - CIRCLE IM REC SPORTS-CIRCLE ADDITION 1 Addn Year Built 2064 2004 Famis Cad Sqft Cell Sum: 159178 8678 1952 Cell Sum: 8678 157282 1940 Cell Sum: 157282 80379 1948 Cell Sum: 80379 73319 1916 1932 Cell Sum: 73319 286516 1955 2618 1964 147275 1967 20622 1995 Cell Sum: 457030 72951 1916 90518 1958 Cell Sum: 109 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name 0055 KELLOGG CENTER KELLOGG CENTER KELLOGG CENTER KELLOGG CENTER KELLOGG CENTER KELLOGG CENTER ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 ADDITION 3 ADDITION 4 0056 JENISON FIELDHOUSE JENISON FIELDHOUSE JENISON FIELDHOUSE JENISON FIELDHOUSE ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 LOCKER ROOM 0057 DEMONSTRATION HALL DEMONSTRATION HALL DEMONSTRATION HALL ADDITION NO. 1 0058 SPARTAN STADIUM SPARTAN STADIUM SPARTAN STADIUM STADIUM (14,000 SEATS) ADDITION 1 (27,250 SEATS) ADDITION 2 (9,000 SEATS) ADDITION 3 (16,000 SEATS) ADDITION 4 MUNN, CLARENCE L., ICE MUNN ICE ARENA SPARTAN STADIUM SPARTAN STADIUM 0059 110 Famis Cad Sqft 163469 135103 4815 14535 22247 55400 Cell Sum: 232100 195373 967 6770 Addn Year Built 1951 1955 1955 1959 1988 1940 1975 2002 Cell Sum: 203109 96208 1928 1937 Cell Sum: 96208 0 1923 82549 1948 9004 1956 95757 1957 233246 2006 Cell Sum: 420556 107511 1974 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name ARENA MUNN, CLARENCE L., ICE ARENA 0060 0067 0068 0069 CENTRAL SERVICES BUILDING CENTRAL SERVICES BUILDING CENTRAL SERVICES BUILDING CENTRAL SERVICES BUILDING HANNAH, JOHN A., ADMINISTRATION BUILDING LAUNDRY BUILDING BRESLIN, JACK, STUDENT EVENTS CENTER BRESLIN, JACK, STUDENT EVENTS CENTER Addn Name ADDITION 1 VIP SUITES CENTRAL SERVICES ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 - DOCK AREA ADDITION 3 HANNAH ADMINISTRATION BUILDING LAUNDRY BUILDING, M.S.U. BRESLIN, JACK, STUDENT EVENTS ADDITION 1 BERKOWITZ 111 Famis Cad Sqft Addn Year Built 14012 1999 Cell Sum: 121522 49022 1948 9598 1952 0 1953 11415 1956 Cell Sum: 70035 170215 1968 Cell Sum: 170215 72411 1968 Cell Sum: 72411 246693 1989 31427 2001 Table 15 (cont’d) Building 0077 Entity Official Name DUFFY "HUGH" DAUGHERTY FOOTBALL AND CLARA BELL SMITH STUDENT ATHLETE ACADEMIC CENTER DUFFY "HUGH" DAUGHERTY FOOTBALL AND CLARA BELL SMITH STUDENT ATHLETE ACADEMIC CENTER DUFFY "HUGH" DAUGHERTY FOOTBALL AND CLARA BELL SMITH STUDENT ATHLETE ACADEMIC CENTER DUFFY "HUGH" DAUGHERTY FOOTBALL AND CLARA BELL SMITH STUDENT ATHLETE ACADEMIC CENTER DUFFY "HUGH" DAUGHERTY FOOTBALL AND CLARA BELL SMITH STUDENT ATHLETE ACADEMIC CENTER DUFFY "HUGH" DAUGHERTY FOOTBALL AND CLARA BELL SMITH STUDENT ATHLETE ACADEMIC CENTER Addn Name DAUGHERTY FOOTBALL BUILDING Famis Cad Sqft Addn Year Built Cell Sum: 278120 21656 1980 ADDITION 1 FOOTBALL PRACTICE 98511 1985 ADDITION 2 19873 1997 ADDITION 3 STUDENT A.A.C 39814 1998 ADDITION 4 SKANDALARIS 23028 2008 ADDITION 5 190 2010 Cell Sum: 203071 112 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name 0078 WELLS HALL WELLS HALL WELLS HALL ADDITION 1 0079 BESSEY HALL BESSEY HALL BESSEY HALL ADDITION 1 0080 BUSINESS COLLEGE COMPLEX (EPPLEY) BUSINESS COLLEGE COMPLEX (EPPLEY) BUS.COLLEGE COMPLEX (EPPLEY) ADDITION 1 ELI BROAD 0081 ENGINEERING BUILDING ENGINEERING BUILDING ENGINEERING BUILDING ENGINEERING BUILDING ENGINEERING BUILDING ENGINEERING BUILDING ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 ADDITION 3 ADDITION 4 - VESTIBULE 0082 URBAN PLANNING & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA CENTER URBAN PLANNING & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE - INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA URBAN PLANNING LANDSCAPE ARCH ADDITION 1 INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA 113 Addn Year Built 207791 1967 22317 1970 Cell Sum: 230108 137398 1961 13265 1994 Cell Sum: 150663 87819 1961 Famis Cad Sqft 126564 1993 Cell Sum: 214383 177894 22442 139173 85252 643 Cell Sum: 425404 30972 1961 1962 1989 1996 2008 1966 16041 1966 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name Famis Cad Sqft Addn Year Built CENTER 0083 MSU COLLEGE OF LAW MSU - DCL 0084 COMMUNICATION ARTS & SCIENCES BUILDING COMMUNICATION ARTS Cell Sum: 47013 185633 1997 Cell Sum: 185633 262442 1981 WHARTON CENTER Cell Sum: 262442 158453 1982 0085 0086 0087 WHARTON, CLIFTON & DELORES, CENTER FOR PERFORMING ARTS WHARTON, CLIFTON & DELORES, CENTER FOR PERFORMING ARTS WHARTON, CLIFTON & DELORES, CENTER FOR PERFORMING ARTS PLANT & SOIL SCIENCES BUILDING PUBLIC SAFETY ADDITION 1 ADMIN OFFICE 22542 2009 ADDITION 2 COVER LOADING DOCK 6509 2009 PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES PUBLIC SAFETY 114 Cell Sum: 187505 275556 1986 Cell Sum: 275556 26636 1975 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name PUBLIC SAFETY PUBLIC SAFETY 0089 0091 0093 ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 OYER, HERBERT J., SPEECH AND HEARING CENTER OYER SPEECH & HEARING CENTER FARRALL, A.W., AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING HALL FARRALL, A.W., AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING HALL PLANT SCIENCE GREENHOUSE PLANT SCIENCE GREENHOUSE PLANT SCIENCE GREENHOUSE PLANT SCIENCE GREENHOUSE PLANT SCIENCE GREENHOUSE PLANT SCIENCE GREENHOUSE AGRICULTURE ENGINEERING HALL ADDITION 1 ORIGINAL BUILDING ADDITION 1 - PLANT SCI GRNHSE ADDITION 2 - GRNHSE W RANGE ADDITION 3 - GRNHSE W RANGE ADDITION 4 - GRNHSE W RANGE ADDITION 6 - GRNHSE W RANGE 115 Addn Year Built 1029 1981 10305 1992 Cell Sum: 37970 19895 1968 Famis Cad Sqft Cell Sum: 19895 72985 1948 3634 1999 Cell Sum: 76620 10717 1942 60945 1949 2023 1956 5819 1958 1596 1962 4266 1981 Table 15 (cont’d) Building 0098C Entity Official Name PLANT SCIENCE GREENHOUSE (EAST RANGE) PLANT SCIENCE GREENHOUSE (EAST RANGE) PLANT SCIENCE GREENHOUSE (EAST RANGE) Addn Name GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE (EAST RANGE) TRANSGENIC GREENHOUSE 0096 WATER RESERVOIR WATER RESERVOIR WATER RESERVOIR WATER RESERVOIR WATER RESERVOIR ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 ADDITION 3 0131 FIRE STATION FIRE STATION FIRE STATION ADDITION 1 0132 ANTHONY HALL ANTHONY HALL ANTHONY HALL ANTHONY HALL ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 0133 ANGELL, ROBERT D., UNIVERSITY SERVICES BUILDING ANGELL, ROBERT D., UNIVERSITY SERVICES BUILDING ANGELL, ROBERT D., UNIVERSITY SERVICES ANGELL, R.D., UNIV SERVICES ADDITION 1 GAS STORAGE ADDITION 2 STORAGE 116 Addn Year Built 18717 1966 Famis Cad Sqft 2016 1980 3054 1998 109153 4225 896 2900 1193 Cell Sum: 9214 8334 1098 Cell Sum: 9433 226275 895 92006 Cell Sum: 319176 75441 1951 1973 1987 1988 1955 1981 1955 1964 1997 1988 753 1998 6352 2001 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name Famis Cad Sqft Addn Year Built BUILDING 0142 STUDENT SERVICES STUDENT SERVICES 0144 ERICKSON HALL ERICKSON HALL ERICKSON HALL ERICKSON HALL ERICKSON HALL ERICKSON HALL ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 ADDITION 3 ADDITION 4 0150 KRESGE ART CENTER KRESGE ART CENTER ORIG BLDG ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 KILN & FOUNDRY ROOM KRESGE ART SCULPTURE STUDIO KRESGE ART CENTER KRESGE ART CENTER KRESGE ART CENTER SCULPTURE STUDIO (0150A) 0151 INTRAMURAL RECREATIVE SPORTS WEST INTRAMURAL RECREATIVE SPORTS WEST INTRAMURAL RECREATIVE-WEST ADDITION 1 COURTYARD Cell Sum: 82546 121938 Cell Sum: 121938 209361 1318 2515 7015 355 Cell Sum: 220563 84466 1957 1964 1974 2006 2009 1958 14116 1966 816 1973 7695 1966 107092 230288 1958 5284 2005 Cell Sum: 235573 117 1957 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name 0154 MANLY MILES BUILDING MANLY MILES BUILDING 0158 LANDSCAPE SERVICES LANDSCAPE SERVICES LANDSCAPE SERVICES ADDITION 1 0160 BIOMEDICAL PHYSICAL SCIENCES BUILDING BIOMEDICAL PHYSICAL SCIENCES 0163 CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY ADDITION 1 SUBSTATION ADDITION 2 0164 CYCLOTRON CYCLOTRON CYCLOTRON CYCLOTRON ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 WEST HIGH BAY ADDITION 3 ADDITION 4 ADDITION 5 ADDITION 6 ADDITION 7 EAST HIGH BAY ADDITION 8 CRYOGENIC EXPANSION CYCLOTRON CYCLOTRON CYCLOTRON CYCLOTRON CYCLOTRON CYCLOTRON 118 Addn Year Built 58519 1959 Cell Sum: 58519 19502 1959 12811 1965 Cell Sum: 32313 377208 2001 Famis Cad Sqft Cell Sum: 377208 286974 2893 32034 Cell Sum: 321901 32600 17224 3132 5505 39465 6436 6445 6441 1963 1997 2008 1963 1968 1978 1979 1982 1985 1988 1996 7267 1999 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name CYCLOTRON CYCLOTRON CYCLOTRON CYCLOTRON Addn Name ADDITION 9 (OFFICE ADD) ADDITION 10 ASSEMBLY ADDITION 11 OFFICE ADDITION ADDITION 12 LOW ENERGY RES 0165 ABRAMS PLANETARIUM ABRAMS PLANETARIUM 0167 PHYSICAL PLANT SHOPS & OFFICE BUILDING PHYSICAL PLANT SHOPS & OFFICE BUILDING PHYSICAL PLANT SHOPS & OFFICE BUILDING PHYSICAL PLANT ADDITION 1 Addn Year Built 13389 2003 Famis Cad Sqft 14912 2004 26802 2009 12480 2009 Cell Sum: 192098 17465 1963 Cell Sum: 17465 95436 1963 1764 1969 ADDITION 2- ENCLOSE DOCK 0168 BIOCHEMISTRY BIOCHEMISTRY 0169 INTERNATIONAL CENTER INTERNATIONAL CENTER INTERNATIONAL CENTER INTERNATIONAL CENTER ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 DELIA KOO 119 1994 Cell Sum: 97200 157744 Cell Sum: 157744 94451 17087 22014 Cell Sum: 133552 1964 1964 1980 2003 Table 15 (cont’d) Building 0170 0170A 0170B 0171 Entity Official Name VETERINARY MEDICAL CENTER VETERINARY MEDICAL CENTER VETERINARY MEDICAL CENTER VETERINARY MEDICAL CENTER VETERINARY MEDICAL CENTER VETERINARY MEDICAL CENTER - MARY ANNE MCPHAIL EQUINE PERFORMANCE CENTER VETERINARY MEDICAL CENTER - MARY ANNE MCPHAIL EQUINE PERFORMANCE CENTER VETERINARY MEDICAL CENTER - MATILDA R. WILSON, PEGASUS CRITICAL CARE CENTER FOOD STORES FOOD STORES Addn Name VETERINARY MEDICAL CENTER ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 ONCOLOGY ADDITION 3 SECOND FLOOR F BLDG ADDITION 4 SMALL ANIMAL ENTRAN HAY STORAGE Addn Year Built 180862 1965 Famis Cad Sqft 159547 1991 39162 2005 3654 2007 217 2007 10524 1989 ADDITION 1 EQUINE PERFORM CNTR 23782 2001 PEGASUS CRITICAL CENTER 8818 2005 FOOD STORES ADDITION 1 RELOCATE BAKERY 426565 81230 1964 12227 2006 Cell Sum: 93457 120 Table 15 (cont’d) Building 0175 Entity Official Name INTRAMURAL RECREATIVE SPORTS EAST Addn Name INTRAMURAL REC SPORTS EAST 0176 GEOGRAPHY BUILDING GEOGRAPHY BUILDING 0177 PACKAGING PACKAGING LABORATORY ADDITION 1 PACKAGING 0178 0179 PLANT BIOLOGY LABORATORIES PLANT BIOLOGY LABORATORIES PLANT BIOLOGY LABORATORIES PLANT BIOLOGY LABORATORIES TROUT, G. MALCOLM, FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN NUTRITION BUILDING TROUT, G. MALCOLM, FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN NUTRITION BUILDING PLANT BIOLOGY LABORATORIES ADDITION 1 Addn Year Built 75237 1988 Famis Cad Sqft Cell Sum: 75237 31221 1965 Cell Sum: 31221 20781 1964 29681 1987 Cell Sum: 50462 62709 1966 55202 1968 ADDITION 2 BOTANY 31429 1968 ADDITION 3 40211 1985 TROUT, M.G., FOOD SCIENCE BLDG ADDITION 1 PENTHOUSE 121 Cell Sum: 189550 115530 1966 4571 2004 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name 0180 NATURAL RESOURCES NATURAL RESOURCES 0181A CENTER FOR INTEGRATIVE PLANT SYSTEMS - LAB BUILDING CENTER FOR INTEGRATIVE PLANT SYSTEMS - LAB BUILDING CENTER FOR INTEGRATIVE PLANT SYSTEMS - LAB BUILDING CENTER FOR INTEGRATIVE PLANT SYSTEMS - LAB BUILDING ORIGINAL BUILDING GREENHOUSE Famis Cad Sqft Addn Year Built Cell Sum: 120101 149972 1966 Cell Sum: 149972 37530 1967 ADDITION 1 HEADHOUSE 38776 1969 ADDITION 2 POLYGREENHOUSE 13108 2002 ADDITION 3 POLYGREENHOUSE 8150 2004 0182 BAKER HALL BAKER HALL 0183 LIFE SCIENCE LIFE SCIENCE 0186 FOOD SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY BUILDING FOOD SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY Cell Sum: 97563 60925 1967 Cell Sum: 60925 176394 1971 Cell Sum: 176394 115133 1997 Cell Sum: 122 Table 15 (cont’d) Building 0189 0200 0201 0202 0203A Entity Official Name REGIONAL CHILLED WATER PLANT NO. 1 REGIONAL CHILLED WATER PLANT NO. 1 REGIONAL CHILLED WATER PLANT NO. 1 REGIONAL CHILLED WATER PLANT NO. 1 REGIONAL CHILLED WATER PLANT NO. 1 CLINICAL CENTER - CLINIC WING CLINICAL CENTER - CLINIC WING CLINICAL CENTER - CLINIC WING CLINICAL CENTER - CLINIC WING CLINICAL CENTER - OFFICE LAB. WING CLINICAL CENTER - ANIMAL QUARTERS WING ENGINEERING RESEARCH COMPLEX Addn Name REGIONAL CHILLED WATER PLANT 1 ADDITION 1 Famis Cad Sqft Addn Year Built 115133 4894 1971 5000 1976 ADDITION 2 4688 1985 ADDITION 3 4766 1991 ADDITION 4 4736 1993 CLINICAL CTR-CLINIC Cell Sum: 24084 182784 1976 ADDITION 1 M.R.C. 4987 1985 ADDITION 2 M.R.C. 8586 1988 ADDITION 3 RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CLINICAL CTR-LAB 17989 2003 CLINICAL CTR-ANIMAL QTR 43813 1976 ENGINEERING RESEARCH COMPLEX 123 77530 1976 335689 80728 1986 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name ENGINEERING RESEARCH COMPLEX ENGINEERING RESEARCH COMPLEX ENGINEERING RESEARCH COMPLEX Addn Name ADDITION 1 NMR ADDITION 2 ENERGY & AUTOMOT ADDITION 3 OFFICE ADDITION 0214 RADIOLOGY BUILDING RADIOLOGY BUILDING 0300 SNYDER AND PHILLIPS HALL SNYDER AND PHILLIPS HALL PHILLIPS HALL SNYDER AND PHILLIPS HALL ADDITION 1 SNYDER AND PHILLIPS HALL 0302 MASON AND ABBOT HALL MASON AND ABBOT HALL ABBOT HALL MASON HALL (COMBINED W 302 0304 CAMPBELL HALL CAMPBELL HALL CAMPBELL HALL ADDITION 1 0305 LANDON HALL LANDON HALL LANDON HALL ADDITION 1 124 Addn Year Built 8364 2004 Famis Cad Sqft 29543 2007 2847 2010 Cell Sum: 121481 64773 1998 Cell Sum: 64773 1947 204485 1947 96648 2007 Cell Sum: 301133 189167 1938 1938 Cell Sum: 189167 80384 759 Cell Sum: 81143 81364 744 1939 1969 1947 1969 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name Famis Cad Sqft Addn Year Built Cell Sum: 82108 0306 YAKELEY AND GILCHRIST HALL YAKELEY AND GILCHRIST HALL GILCHRIST HALL (COMBINED W 306 YAKELEY HALL 0308 WILLIAMS HALL WILLIAMS HALL 0309 MARY MAYO HALL MARY MAYO HALL 0310 BUTTERFIELD HALL BUTTERFIELD HALL BUTTERFIELD HALL ADDITION 1 0311 RATHER HALL RATHER HALL RATHER HALL ADDITION 1 0312 BRYAN HALL BRYAN HALL 0313 BRODY HALL BRODY HALL BRODY HALL BRODY HALL ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 125 1948 134976 1948 Cell Sum: 134976 67414 Cell Sum: 67414 64307 Cell Sum: 64307 102632 690 Cell Sum: 103322 113226 729 Cell Sum: 113955 116068 Cell Sum: 116068 102842 32327 433 1937 1931 1954 1962 1954 1962 1954 1954 1955 1979 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name 0314 EMMONS HALL EMMONS HALL EMMONS HALL ADDITION 1 0315 BAILEY HALL BAILEY HALL 0316 ARMSTRONG HALL ARMSTRONG HALL 0317 SHAW HALL SHAW HALL 0319 VANHOOSEN HALL VANHOOSEN HALL 0320 OWEN GRADUATE HALL OWEN GRADUATE HALL OWEN GRADUATE HALL OWEN GRADUATE HALL ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 COVER LOADING DOCK 0321 CASE HALL CASE HALL CASE HALL CASE HALL ADDITION 1 ADDITION 2 - LOADING DOCK 126 Famis Cad Sqft Cell Sum: 135602 111729 2063 Cell Sum: 113793 112303 Cell Sum: 112303 115115 Cell Sum: 115115 275868 Cell Sum: 275868 32834 Cell Sum: 32834 162385 130032 482 Addn Year Built 1955 2011 1955 1955 1950 1957 1961 1965 2009 Cell Sum: 292900 284671 1961 9150 1987 1840 2008 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name 0322 WILSON HALL WILSON HALL 0323 WONDERS HALL WONDERS HALL 0324 MCDONEL HALL MCDONEL HALL 0325 UNIVERSITY HOUSING OFFICE UNIVERSITY HOUSING OFFICE 0326 AKERS HALL AKERS HALL 0327 FEE HALL FEE HALL FEE HALL ADDITION 1 0328 CONRAD HALL CONRAD HALL 0330 HOLMES HALL HOLMES HALL 127 Famis Cad Sqft Cell Sum: 295661 343927 Cell Sum: 343927 343260 Cell Sum: 343260 348499 Cell Sum: 348499 12080 Cell Sum: 12080 385797 Cell Sum: 385797 386440 1631 Cell Sum: 388072 23096 Cell Sum: 23096 394953 Cell Sum: 394953 Addn Year Built 1962 1963 1963 1962 1964 1964 1972 1964 1965 Table 15 (cont’d) Building Entity Official Name Addn Name 0331 HUBBARD HALL HUBBARD HALL 0332 HOLDEN HALL HOLDEN HALL 1100 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE - 1701 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE 1701 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE 1702 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE 1703 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE 1704 UNIVERSITY VILL COMMUNITY CNTR UNIVERSITY VILLAGE 1706 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE 1707 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE 1708 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE 1709 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE - 1702 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE - 1703 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE - 1704 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE COMMUNITY CENTER UNIVERSITY VILLAGE - 1706 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE - 1707 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE - 1708 UNIVERSITY VILLAGE - 1709 Addn Year Built 351190 1966 Cell Sum: 351190 357504 1967 Cell Sum: 357504 17860 2007 Famis Cad Sqft 11999 2007 11999 2007 11999 2007 2640 2007 11999 2007 11902 2007 17969 2007 17967 2007 116337 *Provided by Lynda Boomer 128 Appendix F Engineering Research Complex Reverse Osmosis System 129 Figure 11: Tempered water is softened and passed through carbon filtration. Figure 12: The reverse osmosis unit is activated when the reservoir drops to a set level 130 Figure 13: Purified water is stored in the reservoir. Figure 14: Before water is circulated through the building, it is passed through an ionexchange resin, a 22 µm filter and a fluorescent lamp. 131 Appendix G Sample Calculations 132 Average Monthly Water Consumption (residence halls) Water data from the Fall and Spring semesters was averaged over an 8 month period and then normalized by the occupancy of that building. The sample calculation is for Akers Hall during the 2010-2011 academic year. ܵ݁‫ .ݐ݌‬൅ܱܿ‫ .ݐ‬൅ܰ‫ .ݒ݋‬൅‫ .ܿ݁ܦ‬൅‫ .݊ܽܬ‬൅‫ .ܾ݁ܨ‬൅‫ .ݎܽܯ‬൅‫ݎ݌ܣ‬ 8 ‫ݏ݄ݐ݊݋ܯ‬ 1514 ൅ 1300 ൅ 700 ൅ 1081 ൅ 1690 ൅ 1958 ൅ 1613 ൅ 1854 ‫ܮܣܩܭ‬ ൌ 1464 8 ‫ݏ݄ݐ݊݋ܯ‬ ݉‫.݋‬ 1464 ‫ܮܣܩܭ‬ ‫ܮܣܩܭ‬ ൊ 1054 ‫ ݏݐ݊݁݀݅ݏ݁ݎ‬ൌ 1.389 ݉‫݋‬ ݉‫.݋‬ൈ ‫݊݋ݏݎ݁݌‬ Average Monthly Water Consumption Change Percentage The percentage change from the 2009-2010 academic year to the 2010-2011 academic year is given by (where volume is in KGAL per month per person): ܸ‫ ݁݉ݑ݈݋‬ሺ2010 െ 2011ሻ െ ܸ‫ ݁݉ݑ݈݋‬ሺ2009 െ 2010ሻ ܸ‫ ݁݉ݑ݈݋‬ሺ2009 െ 2010ሻ For Shaw Hall: 2.9125 െ 2.411 ‫ %001ݔ‬ൌ 20.82% 2.9125 133 Water and Cost savings for Bryan Hall Water savings per month (KGAL): ‫݊݋݅ݐܽݒ݋ܴ݊݁ ݁ݎ݋݂݁ܤ ݁݃ܽݏܷ ݎ݁ݐܹܽ ݕ݈݄ݐ݊݋ܯ ݁݃ܽݎ݁ݒܣ‬ െ ‫݊݋݅ݐܽݒ݋ܴ݊݁ ݎ݁ݐ݂ܣ ݁݃ܽݏܷ ݎ݁ݐܹܽ ݕ݈݄ݐ݊݋ܯ ݁݃ܽݎ݁ݒܣ‬ Average monthly water usage before renovation was an average of water data from July 2004 to June 2008. Average monthly water usage after renovation was July 2008 to June 2009 (before meter change) and July 2009 to June 2011 (after meter change). Before meter change: The average of the monthly water data from 2004-2008 was 1190 KGAL/mo. The average of the monthly water data from 2008-2009 was 404 KGAL/mo. Water savings that resulted from the bathroom renovation is therefore: 1190 ‫ܮܣܩܭ‬ ‫ܮܣܩܭ‬ ‫ܮܣܩܭ‬ െ 404 ൌ 786 ‫ݏ݃݊݅ݒܽݏ‬ ݉‫.݋‬ ݉‫.݋‬ ݉‫.݋‬ Cost savings per month: 786 $ ‫ܮܣܩܭ‬ ൈ $4.70 ൌ $3,691 ‫݄ݐ݊݋݉ ݎ݁݌‬ ‫ܮܣܩܭ‬ ݉‫݋‬ Payback period: $44,814 ‫ ݐݏ݋ܿ ݐ݆ܿ݁݋ݎ݌‬ൊ $3,691 ‫ ݄ݐ݊݋݉ ݎ݁݌‬ൌ 12.14 ݉‫ ݏ݄ݐ݊݋‬ൌ 1.01 ‫ݏݎܽ݁ݕ‬ 134 BIBLIOGRAPHY 135 BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson, Ward. Michigan Medical Supply Products, Inc. Personal Communication. 2011 Arnett, Nathan, and Susan Masten.Michigan State University Water Supply and Consumption Report. 2010 Barker, Diane. Michigan State University Residential and Hospitality Services Division, East Lansing MI.Personal Communication. 2011 Brody Square Focus Group. 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