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This is to certify that the

thesis entitled ‘

Observations of Dairy Cow Habits and Certain
PhysioIOgtcal Activities in Loose Housing
During the Winter
presented by

John Dani 91 Johnson

has been accepted towards fulfillment
of the requirements for

4.5..— degree in M};

W

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Mapréfrolessor

 

Date-w;—

0-169

 

 

 

 

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OBSERVATIONS or DAIRY cow HABITS AND CERTAIN

PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN LOOSE HOUSING
DURING THE WINTER

By
John D. Johnson

A THESIS

Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Nichigan

State College of Agriculture and Applied Science
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE
\kl\'
{3:9‘“
Department of Dairy {?,*
1953 1": ~ ~
“it

‘run‘sls

! I III
11:
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Ilkl

I

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‘\

C7/lfi/5n3

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The writer wishes to express sincere thanks and appreciation to
Dr. Earl Weaver for the opportunity to make this study, and to Dr.
Robert G. Lewis for his excellent guidance in the selection, plan-
ning, and completion of this thesis study, also for his critical read-
ing of the completed manuscript.

Thanks and appreciation are also expressed to Dr. N. P. Ralston
for his help with many related problems and to Burton J. Cargill, of
the Agricultural Engineering Department, for his assistance in secur-
ing temperature and other environmental data.

The fine cooperation of E. S. Smiley, Dairy Herdsman, and Robert
Slee, Brown Swiss herdsman, while the writer was working with the herd,

was also greatly appreciated.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . .
Objective . . . .

REVIEW OF LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . .
Loose Housing of Dairy Cattle . . . . .
Environmental Effects on Cow Habits and

MATERIALS AND METHODS . . . . . . . . . . .

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . .
Cow Habits and Activities Study . . . .

Loitering in the yard .
Loitering in the lounge
Resting in the yard . . . . . . .
Resting in the lounge . . . .
. Eating hay . . . . . . .
Eating silage . .
Physiological Activity Study . .

Pulse rate . . . . . . . . . . . .
Respiration rate-. . . . .'. .
Body temperature . . . . . . . .

SUXNARY . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . .

Body Metabolism

ooww

10
1h
1k
in
21
21
27
27
31+
37‘
37
38
39

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

I. Experimental Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . 12

II. Average time spent loitering, resting, eating.and milk
room for six twenty-four hour observations periods . . . . 19

III. Weather data for days of cow activity observations . . . 20

IV. Summary of weekly observations of weather conditions,
pulse rate, respiration rate and body temperature. . . . “O

V. Individual cow activity data (Nov. 1, 3, and 8). . . . . U5
VI. Individual cow activity data (Nov. 28 and 29). . . . . . #9
VII. Individual cow activity data (Dec. 30 and 31). . . . . . 5h
VIII. Individual cow activity data (Jan. 23 and 2t). . . . . . 58
IX. Individual cow activity data (Feb. 27 and 28). . . . . . b2
x. Individual cow activity data (March 27 and 28) . . . . . 66
XI. Individual cow weekly pulse rate data. . . . . . . . . . 70
XII. Individual cow weekly respiration rate data. . . . . . . 73

XIII. Individual cow weekly body temperature data. . . . . . . 76

Figure

l.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

lo.

21.
22.

23.

/

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes

minutes

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

LIST OF FIGURES

loitering
loitering
loitering
loitering
loitering
loitering
loitering
loitering
loitering
loitering
loitering

loitering

resting
resting
resting
resting
resting
resting
resting
resting

resting

in

1 II

in

in

in

in

in

in

in

eating hay

in

in

in

in

in

in

in

in

in

in

in

in

the

the

the

the

the

the

the

the

the

the

the

the

yard (Nov.

yard (Nov.

yard (Dec.

yard (Jan.

(Feb. 27,

23

yard

yard (Mar.

lounge (Nov.
lounge (Nov.

lounge (Dec.

lounge (Jan.

lounge (Feb.

lounge (“are

27,

28, 29) .

Page

H

‘

KN
0Q

\J
O

28) .

the yard (Nov. 1, 3, 8). . .

the

the

the

the

the

the

the

lounge (Nov.
lounge
lounge
lounge
lounge

lounge

(Nov. 28,
(Dec.
(Jan.
(Feb. 27,

yard (Nov. 28, 29) . . .
yard (Dec. 30, 31) . . .

l, 3, 8). .

29) . .

31) . .
2h) . .

2S) . .

29) . .’

(133v. l, :3, 8) . . . . . . .

eating hay (Nov. 23, 29) . .

22
23
23
21+
21+
25
25
2'0'
28
2S
29
29
3O
3O
31

31

20.

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

Cow

fl

VOW

minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes
minutes

minutes

per

per

per

per

per

per

per

LIST

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

hour

OF FIGURES (Continued)

eating hay (Dec. 30, 31)
eating hay (Jan. 23, 24)
eating hay (Feb. 27, 2S)

eating hay (Mar. 28, 29)

eating silage (Nov. 1, 3, 8)
eating silage (Nov. 28, 29) .

eating silage (Dec. 30, 31) .

INTRODUCTION

A steadily increasing farmer interest in the loose housing of dairy
cattle has been noted in recent years. Economical production of a high
quality product has directed dairy farm changes towards labor saving
methods, low priced remodeling or construction programs, and cattle com-
fort and health improvement. All are aimed at the most profitable pro-
duction per cow and per man hour expended.

Research workers have in general reported favorably during the past
half century on cow health, comfort, and production in pen barns. How-
ever, dairymen have been slow to accept loose housing and outside feed-
ing as they have noted their cows suffering from cold When turned out
of standard barns for even a short while in severe weather. Also, dur-
ing the past fifty years labor was not a serious problem and new barns
were built to house the herd in a way that would compare favorably with
others in the neighborhood.

' The change from one extreme, the closed, often poorly ventilated
barn, to the open shed with outdoor feeding areas, almost immediately
raises the question of an effect on cow health, feed requirements, and
habits.

The objectives of this investigation were:

1. To study the effect of winter weather conditions on the rough»

age eating, loitering, and resting habits of dairy cows in a
loose housing barn with outside self-feeding hay- and silage—

feeding areas.

2

To study the effect of winter weather conditions on the pulse
rate, respiration rate, and body temperature of dairy cows in
a loose housing barn with outside hay. and silage-feeding areas

as compared with cows in a standard tie stall barn.

REVIEW 0? LITERATURE
Loose Housing of Dairy Cattle

Loose housing of dairy cattle was first studied as a research pro-
ject in the United States in 1905 in Illinois. W. J. Fraser (9) reported
on the results of questionaires to 18 dairymen on their success with pen-
type dairy barns. All reported satisfaction with this type of dairy
cattle housing and the author, in summarizing, reports that pen barns
make it easier to provide fresh air, the cattle were more vigorous and
healthy and had better appetites than when kept in a stall. He also re—
ported that the exercise and movement of the cattle reduced suffering
from severe cold even though the pen was colder than the stable.

Early pen-barn research reported from Pennsylvania in 1913 by H. P.
Davis (6). A four year experiment (1910-1913) was completed with two
herds of cattle, one in a regular stable and the other in an open pen.
Environmental temperature reduced milk production in both herds with the
outside group decreasing the most. However, after the cold spell, this
group recovered quicker and increased more than the inside herd. One
season the outside herd was not placed in the open pen early in the fall
and as a result were not acclimated. That year they showed a greater
decrease in production than those housed in the stable.

At about this same time Buckley and Lamson (3) of the Maryland Agri-
cultural Experiment Station reported on a three year experiment with
closed versus open stabling of dairy COOS. Their study of winter tem-

perature effects indicated that the importance of low temperatures had

u

been greatly overestimated by dairymen. A severe cold spell of -2s°r.
outside temperature on January 28, 1912 showed comparable variations in
milk flow in the two groups studied. The open pen temperature was -1M0F.
and the closed pen temperature dropped to 11°F.

The open shed for dairy cattle was also compared with the closed
barn as early as 191“ by the United States Department of Agriculture,
as reported by woodward (22). The open shed barn in this study included
areas for loafing, resting, and eating of roughage. The south side of
two barns used was open. The second barn had double doors on the other
three sides which were kept open during the summer. Two herds were used
and alternated each year between the open and the closed barn. Of 21
cows, 1h produced more milk in the open shed and 6 produced more in the
closed barn. Feed cost per 100 pounds of milk was slightly higher in
the open barn despite their higher production. Cow health and content.
ment was estimated to be the same in the two barns, although there ap-
peared to be differences between cows. In this study ventilation was
not a factor, as both.barns were satisfactorily ventilated.

In 1935, Dice (8) reported similar production by comparable cows
with relatively equal feed consumption in open shed and standard dairy
barn housing. Inside temperatures averaged M8.2°F. in the standard
barn and 28.2°F. in the open shed.

Research and the actual use of open shed housing and outside feed
areas continued to make slow progress. A popular article by Fraser (10)
in 1939 discussed general characteristics of loose housing, including

the general layout, feeding racks, ventilation, and bedding from reports

5
of dairymen using pen barns. On ventilation, this writer suggested that
doors be opened in moderate weather and the windows be opened slightly
all year. This was reported tried at the University of Illinois where
windows were left open 2 or 3 inches all winter. Cows under these con-
ditions always moved to the side of the barn from which the wind was
blowing, indicating they wanted more fresh air.

Ventilation was also noted as a serious problem in the closed barn
by United States Department of Agriculture workers (16) in 1915. Closed
barns were still recommended for cold areas, although outside feed racks
and open south walls were recommended for areas where winter weather was
not too severe. "Cold areas" or fnot too severe winter weather" were
not further explained.‘ Department workers (12) were also studying rela-
tive milk production of cows in pens and stanchions. This report in
19“? showed 18 percent more milk and 17 percent more butterfat produced
by cows in pens over cows in stanchions when both received grain at the
rate of 1 pound to every 3 pounds of milk. An increase of 7 percent
more milk.and 6 percent more butterfat from cows in the pens was noted
whenthe grain ration was limited to 1 pound of grain per‘i pounds of
milk produced. Cows in the pens had free access to hay and silage and
ate more in total. Cows moved from pens to stanchions had serious
lameness and sore feet for the first three months.

Outdoor feeding research was reported in 19us by Smith and co-work-
ers (18) who found that farmers reported success with loose housing in
the state of Washington even in winter weather. Cows preferred to eat:#

outside feed racks wven in zero weather. Outdoor feed racks were

b

recommended if placed in areas sheltered from prevailing winds. Open-
shed lounging areas should be free of crossdrafts.

North Dakota studies by Dice (7) compared warm and cold housing of
two similar groups of dairy cattle during the winter months of October,
November, December 1926 and January 1927. Temperatures ranged from
-22°F. to 36°F. for the open shed group and seldom under 50°F. in the
stanchion barn. The feeding program was the same for both groups ex-
cept that those in the open pen had free access to hay from an outdoor
feeder. The open shed group gained more weight, produced more milk,
and ate more hay. From this and other studies between 1927 and 1942,
Dice concluded that cows in the dry climate of North Dakota can stand
considerable exposure to cold temperatures. Adequate rations, shelter
from wind, snow or rain, and dry bedding provide conditions for compar-
able production with cows in a stanchion barn at 50°F. or above. Dice
also concluded that cows on full feed apparently produce more heat than
needed to maintain body temperatures without using additional nutrients
for body heat and the apparent need for heat in the barn was to meet
the conditions desired by the operator rather than the cows.

A ten year loose housing research project in Wisconsin by Witzel,
Heizer, and co-workers (21) used steel barns and included comparison
studies of a warm stanchion barn, an insulated warm loose housing barn
(3 years), and a cold loose housing barn. The insulated loose housing
barn gave unsatisfactory results due to wet bedding and high humidity,
However, when this barn was operated with open doors and windows as a

~cold loose housing barn, it was satisfactory, as was the uninsulated

7
loose housing barn which was operated with doors open. Herds in both
types of housing, loose and stanchion, produced equally well. The

cold loose housing herds used 3 to 6 percent more roughage and also
gained more weight. In this project, recorded temperatures averaged
52°F. in the stanchion barn, 50.9OF. in the warm loose housing barn

(3 years), 36.10F in the cold loose housing barn and 30.5°F. outside
temperature. Below zero temperatures were usually noted each winter hi
the,cold loose housing barn with a low of -23°F. recorded in the winter
of 1950-51. Temperature and milk production had no apparent relation-
ship in either barn.

Jefferson and Weaver (1M) report that pen barn research started in
Michigan in 1928. In 19N5 these workers reported 139 pen barns known
to be in use in Michigan. All records to this date were on closed pens
with inside hay and silage feed racks. Outside exercise yards were
used only in moderate weather.

In 1950 Brown, Cargill, and Bookhout (2) reported on studies made
with farmer herds in Michigan. On environmental temperature requirements
of the dairy cow, they reported that cold housing is practical and econ-
omical when cows are properly acclimated, if an adequate ration and a
dry bedded area out of crossdrafts is provided. They also report that
more roughage and less grain will be used by cows in open barns due to
sharpened appetites with more efficient production as the result. Year
around self-feeding of hay from outside feed racks or a separate hay
storage barn is here recommended for the first time in Michigan. Once

a day outside feeding of silage was also recommended. Cargill (U)

8
further reported in 1952 on outdoor self-feeding of hay and silage to

reduce labor requirements.
Environmental Effects on Cow Habits and Body Hetabolism

More recently, research workers have reported on factors affecting
the body metabolism of dairy cows. Thomas and Moore (20) reported in
1951 that heart rate is affected by age, feed intake, period of gesta-
tion, and estrus, with the resulting rate in direct proportion to the
total metabolism of the cow.

Thomas (19) had reported earlier, 1949, that heart rate averages
65 beats per minute at 70~9O days before calving; 72 at 30-50 days and
92 at 0-10 days before calving.

Brody and co-workers (1) reported in 1951 that hunger acts as a
body temperature regulating mechanism and that feed consumption increases
as environmental temperatures decrease with the least change in the small
and low producing cows.

Stress conditions on dairy cattle were studied by Graf (11) and in-
cluded the effects of low ambient temperatures, exercise, dehorning,
adrenaline injections, parturition, and intermittent electrical stimulus.
A slight increase in rectal temperature was noted when animals were ex-
posed to one hour -16°F. ambient temperature.

A very extensive work on environmental physiology with controlled
experiments on dairy cattle by Kibler and Brody (15) included a study of
decreasing temperature from 500 to 50F. with the following conclusions

regarding temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, and milk production:

No significant change in rectal temperature.

A greater decrease in milk production in the Jersey than in

the Holstein cows, which was presumably associated with increas-
ing diversion of feed for maintenance of normal body temperature.
A progressive decrease in respiration rate to minimal value of
10 to 15 per minute at 50F.

An increase in pulse rate of approximately 8 percent.

VATERIALS AND KETHODS

The Brown Swiss herd of sixteen cows and four bred heifers housed
in the steel loose housing barn, which is a part of the Dairy Cattle
Housing Research Project at Michigan State College, was selected for
this study. Ralston (17) reported that this herd was originally moved
to this barn November 15, 1951. Thus they had become adjusted to loose
housing conditions when this study was started November, 1952, shortly
after the herd had been taken off pasture. One cow was removed from the
herd at the end of the third month, so 20 head are included in the first
half of the study and 19 head for the last half. 'Six head of Holsteins
in the main barn were also included in this study for tie stall barn ob-
servations on pulse rate, body temperature, and respiration rate. Herd
numbers, birth dates, and date of last calving are shown in Table I.

The loose housing program included two barns. One provided straw
storage, lounge area, calf and maternity pens, milking parlor, and milk
room. The lounge area opened on the south to a paved barn yard. The
other building on the west of the paved yard provided hay storage for
the entire herd and shelter and straw storage for young stock.

The feeding program did not have to be changed for this study as
hay was self—fed from moveable racks along one side of the hay storage
barn. Silage was also available from an experimental self-feeding silo
located in the paved yard area.

Activity and cardiorespiratory data were obtained by observations

and measurements on individual cows. To facilitate easy identification

TABLE I

EXPERINENTAL ANIYALS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Identifcation Herd Date of Date of last
No. _§g; _jg£ng_ calving
Holsteins in tie stall barn
1. ubo 6/27/he 5/31/52
2. u90 2/2/hb 7/9/51
3. 517 11/19/“7 3/29/52
u. 523 3/9/88 1/29/52
5. 5h0 2/22/50 5/27/52
b. 5&2 b/h/So 9/12/52
Brown Swiss in loose housing barn
1. 322 1/25/u1 11/19/52
2. 335 3/3/33 8/23/52
3. -3oo 4/11/u7 12/25/51
H. 387 9/22/87 10/30/51
5. 377 8/25/89 11/23/51
9. 38“ 1‘/3/50 7/11/52
7. 383 2/27/50 8/25/52
3. 371 11/3/u8 11/1u/51
9. 389 3/13/“8 12/23/51
10. 390 12/29/50 --—-
11. 372 11/3/us 8/20/51
12. 379 11/7/89 5/8/52
13. 387 7/3/50 ales/52
1%. 389 9/10/50 -~--
15. 385 5/12/50 9/28/52
16. 365 8/1u/u7 1/11/52
17. 380 11/12/u9 10/19/52
18- 382 2/27/50 ----
19. 350 8/23/85 3/27/52
20. 392 7/21/51 -__-

12
for both day and night observations with the least possible disturbance
of the cattle, large numbers were clipped on both sides of each animal
with electric clippers and painted with a nonlead white paint. The
paint lasted only a few weeks but was not replaced due to the fact that
the clipped numbers were plainly visible throughout the experimental
period.

Individual cow activity observations were made as a twenty-four
hour watch once per month for a total of six days. A flashlight was
used to check the identification of cows during the night hours to avoid
the use of barn lights and any unnecessary disturbance of the cows. Ins
dividual cow activity was noted every ten minutes during the observation
period. Data included time spent: (1) loitering in the paved yard
area, (2) loitering in the lounge area, (3) eating silage, (u) eating
hay, (5) resting in the lounge area, (b) Resting in the yard, and (7)
time in the milking parlor. It was originally planned to include time
drinking water, but a ten minute interval did not lend itself well to
this type of observation.

The first twenty-four hour study was completed over two weekends in
two six hour periods and one twelve hour period. The remaining five ob-
servation periods were completed as uninterrupted twenty-four hour ob-
servation. The following dates were used:

1. November 1, 6-12 P.M.; November 3, 12-6 P.M.; November 8, 12-

12 11.2.1.
2. Hovember 28, 8 P.M.-l2 Midnight; November 29, 12:01-8 A.M.

3. DeCember 30, 5 P.M.-l2 Midnight; December 31, 12:01 A.H.- 5 P.M.

13

4. January 23, 3 P.H.-l2 Midnight; January 29, 12:01 A.M.-3 P.m.

5. February 27, 1+ P.M.-—l2 Midnight; February 28, 12:01 Adm-1+ 19.25.

6. March 28, 8 1.1.1.42 Midnight; March 29, 12:01 1.1!..-8 11.18.

Respiration, body temperature, and pulse rate data were secured at
weekly intervals starting November 11, 1952 and concluding March 25, 1953.
Data are not included for the last weeks of December and January due to
Unavoidable disruptions in December and Farmers' Week activities in
January. All data were collected between 2:00 and 4:00 P.M.

A stop watch was used to check pulse rate and respiration. Generally
two or more 15 second periods were checked, then averaged and multiplied
by four to find the rate per minute. Respiration was checked by observa-
tion when standing and resting. Pulse rates were secured from the
coccygeal artery in the tail. A few checks were made with a stethescope
over the heart. Rectal temperatures were secured and recorded. These
data were obtained by tying two or three animals at a time with rope
halters as near as possible to where they were standing or resting at
the time. Fortunately this herd was very quiet, not easily excited and
. accustomed to halters so the activity in securing these observations
caused very little extra disturbance.

Weather data including precipitation, snowfall, snow on the ground,
wind, resting area temperature, and paved_yard outside temperature were
secured from the 1952-53 Progress Report on Dairy Housing Research Pro-
ject No. 89 (5), and records of the local United States Weather Bureau.
These data were secured each week for the same day and time of day as

the pulse rate, body temperature, and respiration rate.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Cow Habits and Activities

Freedom of movement from resting to feeding and sheltered to open
areas made it possible to study cow activities throughout the day and
night to determine cow habit patterns. Six twenty-four hour observation
periods approximately four weeks apart from early November to late March
were used to study changes in activities as affected by low temperatures,
rain, snow, and wind. A very open and mild winter reduced the effective—
ness of this study, although a low of -7°F. was recorded in the outside
paved area January 6, and several periods of sleet and ice not recorded
in the twenty-four hour studies showed very little effect on cow activity
except to increase the lounge area loitering time.

Collected data on cow activities are shown for individual cows at
ten minute intervals for twenty-four hour observation periods in Tables

V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X in the Appendix.

Loitering in the yard.

Figures 1, 2, 3, h, 5, and 6 show cow minutes per hour loitering
in the paved yard area for each twenty-four hour observation period.
These figures show two major periods each day when time was spent stand-
ing and loitering outside. The first was 7-12 A.M. and the second 12-4 P.N.
Both were closely related to daytime hay—and silage-eating periods. A
study of individual cow activity data in Tables V to X shows that during
these hours most of the cows would alternate at eating hay or silage and

loitering in the yard.

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Cow minutes per hour loitering in the yard-

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Figure 3. Cow minutes per hour loitering in the yard
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Cow minutes per hour loitering in the yard

18

Yard loitering was chiefly around the silo or hay feeding racks
until appetites were satisfied. Loitering would then continue in other
areas of the yard for a period of time depending on weather conditions.
A comparison of Tables II and III will generally show some type of ad-
verse weather conditions for the periods of least outside loitering.

Outside loitering was at its lowest during the January observation
period when the cows spent only 7.8 percent of their time standing in
the yard. Snowfall was steady most of the day with a total of 1.5 inches.
Yard loitering during March observation period was also low with an aver-
age of 9.” percent of the cow time. Weather conditions were not severe
at this time when compared with previous months, although extremely warm
dry weather the previous week could have made this near freezing and
windy (17 mph average) day uncomfortable for loitering in the yard.

The late November and February observation periods showed that the
cows spent 17.2 and 16.0 percent of their time loitering in the yard.
The November data had the lower-temperature (28°F. maximum, and 22°F.
average) as compared to 40°F. maximum, 18°F. minimum, and 30°F. average
for the February date. Precipitation was approximately the same on both
dates with 0.3 of an inch of snow in November and 0.4 of an inch of snow
for the February date. The February period had the highest wind velocity
with an average for the day of 20.3 mph and a high of M5 mph. The late
November observation day showed an average of 15.5 mph wind velocity and
a high of 23 mph.

Early November and late December observation periods showed the

greatest outside loitering time with 21.9 and 2M.2 percent respectively.

AVERAGE TIPE SPENT Loxessxvo, RESTING,

TABLE II

EAT

H} AND IN PILK

ROOM FOR SIX TWENTY-FOUR HOUR OBSERVATION PERIODS

L

19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Activity
Dat Resting Eating Eating In milking
e in lounge hay silage room
min. % Fin. % Min. 4% Min. _g%
Nov. 1,3,8. 553 38.u u2.5 3.0 281 19.5 8.5 0.5
Nov. 28,29. 49M 3h.3 51 3.5 2M4 1o.9 20.5 1.5
Dec. 30,31. #27 29.7 156 10.8 2M3 16.9 10.5 1.1
Jan. 23,2u. 706 H9.0 28“ 19.7 0"I 0 29.0 2.0
Feb. 27,28. 613 M2.6 329 22.5 0* 0 31.0 2.2
Mar. 28,29. 611 42.h 305 21.2' 0‘ 0 92-0 1'6
Loitering Loitering Resting
in yard in lounge in yard
Min. % Min. % Min. %
Nov. 1,3,8. 315 21.9 181 12.6 59 “.1
Nov. 28,29. 2M8 17.2 368 25.6 1u.5 1.0
Dec. 30,31. 3H9 2h.2 237 16.5 11.5 0.8
Jan. 23,2“. 112 7.8 309 21.5 0 0
Feb. 27,28. 231 16.0 2h1 16.7 0 0
Mar. 28,29. 136 9.u 360 25.u 0 O

 

* No silage available after January 10, 1953.

20

TABLE III

WEATHER DATA FOR DAYS OF COW ACTIVITY OBSERVATIONS

 

 

 

Date
Weather Nov Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
Data 2, 28,29. 30,31. 23,2u. 27,23. 24,29.
Temperature (0F.)
Maximum 68 28 3M 36 4O 40
Minimum 23 15 27 2o 18 33
Average 42 22 30 32 3O 37
Precipitation (In.)
Total 0' 0.02 0.02 0.39 0.05 0.01
Snow 0 0.3 0.1 1.5 0.4 T
Snow on ground (In.) 0 1.0 T 1.0 T 0
Wind (mph)
Average speed 9.5 15.5 11.1 14.2 20.3 17.9
Fastest speed 2o 23.0 17.0 29.0 85.0 35.0
Direction SW SWW HE N WNW 5W

 

21
This November period had the highest temperatures (68°F. maximum, 28°F.
minimum and h2oF. average) and the least precipitation (none recorded),
and the slowest average wind velocity (9.5 mph.). December was also
relatively mild with a high of 3H°F., a low of 27°F., and an average of
30°F. Precipitation was also low (0.1 of an inch of snow) and wind
velocity was only slightly higher than November with an average of 11.1

mph and a high of 17 mph.

Loitering in the lounge.

Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 show cow minutes_per hour loitering
in the lounge for each twenty_four hour observation period. A study of
these figures show high periods just before and at milking time. The
cows seemed to anticipate the milking time by going into the lounge and
those to be milked were confined inside just before milking started.
Inside loitering during other periods of the day varied with outside
weather conditions as shown by Tables 11 and.III.

(Loitering in the lounge increased proportionately each month as the
outside loitering decreased. The total loitering time ranged from 421
to 616 minutes per day with an average of 516.6 cow minutes, or 8.0 hours

per day.

Begging in the yard.

Figures 13, 1H, and 15 show that outside resting or lying down was
limited to short intervals during the observation periods of early Novem—
ber, late November, and December. No outside resting was noted during

the other three months. It is quite evident that the paved area became

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Figure 13. Cow minutes per hour resting in the yard
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27
too cold and the limited sunlight of the winter months failed to warm

the paved area sufficiently for comfortable resting.

Resting in the lounge.

Figures 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 show time spent by the herd
resting in the lounge per hour for each observation day. Three periods
of the day were preferred for resting, 12—0 A.X., 12-4 P.H. and 8—12 I.Y.
Preference was in the order named.

Total resting time ranged from #38.5 to 700 cow minutes per day with
an average of 581.5 minutes or 9.6 hours, which is approximately one hour
more than the total loitering time.

The lounge or bedded area offered some moisture problems, although
a liberal use of straw provided clean bedding all winter. The entire
area was used to about the same extent. Some cows preferred the more
quiet corners (generally the youngest or oldest animals), while others

preferred the entrance or central area of the lounge.

Eating hay.

Figures 22, 23, 2M, 25, 26, and 27 show the cow minutes per hour
spent eating hay for each of the monthly observation periods. Table II
shows the direct effect the availability of silage had on time spent
eating hay. Hay eating time was fairly well spread throughout the day
with.high periods from 7-12 A.E. and 1-6 P.X. Midnight to 2 A.M. was
also quite regularly used by some cows before resting the remainder of
the night.

The months with the lowest roughage eating time were late November

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g L/00« fl ‘— woo
k) f I
200 L200
1 fiJL..-L....-L...J"T'.1L 0

Figure 19.

IQAA

(Jan. 23, 2h).

P/Vl

I 23 9575 769/00/2/23956789/0///2
Hour:
Cow minutes per hour resting in the lounge

29

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

/200‘ W200
A _ F9628 fi #Feb.27~~—-+-
—\ W
3’000‘ —~ 4000
2
(2 _
3800‘ H ~aoo
u L—.
‘3 F
.5 600‘ w r600
2 W
k — .
u
2001 J7 ' L200
/23‘7’55789/O///2123‘/5'6 789/011/2
AM Hour: PM
Figure 20. Cow minutes per hour resting in the lounge
(Feb. 27, 28).

200‘ ~ P
«I 'R—MQKZS >< Mahza ’200
3 L.
«1000‘ __ #000
< r‘
2 \
”800‘ ~000
.7 —F _
w.
2 500+ (— L600
5 *— F‘
g 700‘ W Moo
0

20¢» h A L200

[— J L ,- #1 J i

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1239559789100

Figure 21.

A M

(March 28, 29).

.Hourw

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12 [W2 3 9 3 6 3 59 lo.” i2“
PM

Cow minutes per hour resting in the lounge

30

1200-

 

<————'—/V0u8

5

§

Cow minuf‘e:(20 head)
§

K)
o
‘1’

 

0 —f“—p——1 +441“ m—{jfi_ J:

>4 /Vov.3”"—+"<’_/\/ov.l ~—-}‘

~1200

r/OOO

P 800

— 600

i—L/OO

#200

 

 

/23'/ 756 789/0/I/2/23‘f5'6‘759/0/H2

AM

Hour: P/M

Figure 22. Cow minutes per hour eating hay (Nov. 1, 3, 8).

 

 

 

 

 

/200 4200
"\
‘6 . .
E /000~““"’”’ M3048 >< . fi— Mov.28---~~-—~—~ 4000
O
N
V800 +800
c.
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3
E
g L/oo. ”/00
o

200 l l ~200

AM

/Z3‘/ 755759/0/IIZIZ3V56789/0l/l2
‘ Hour: PM

Figure.23. Cow minutes per hour eating hay (Nov. F5, 29).

31

32

 

/2001 H200
:3

V
2100 Dcc3/ ._____.__4 X Dec.30 -—->«. [000
o
N
V 801% + 800
3
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2' J

g 700- =. + 700
\J 7—“

20°.

 

 

 

 

g 8200
i

 

 

l2 3 956789/0/H2 / 28 956789/0N/2
AM Ho ur: PM
Figure 2h. Cow minutes per hour eating hay (Dec. 30, 31).

 

O

 

 

 

 

 

I200‘1 {[200
A
‘17
:IOOO‘J Jon.2‘/ >1? Jan.2 3 flF/OOO
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u r

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

gm...
T
T
l
——T

 

 

 

 

O? J; 7
/23‘/56769/0///Z/23956789/0H/2
AM Hour: PM

Figure 25. Cow minutes per hour eating hay (Jan. 23, 21+).

 

 

 

 

 

 

’200': 9 #200
‘3
‘2 r—
03 800~ ~800
'u
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.2
3 6001 ! F600
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20m .4! #9 _, 3 ‘ *“ +200
I I 1 ‘1 i

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

123 9225;783/00/2 / 23756 78910u/2
AM vHow-s PM
Figure 26. Cow minutes per hour eating hay (Feb. 27, 28).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

x200. 9 [/200
"\
‘0 .
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a 800 rim 8
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f
k 400. r 700
3 {—7
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I293 V5878 9/0/1/2/33 l{5878910012
AM Hourx PM

Figure 27. Cow minutes per hour eating hay (Mar. 28, 29).

33

3M
Total roughage eating time ranged from 295 to 399 minutes per cow
when silage was available and 284.32M minutes when only hay was available
or an average of 339 minutes eating both hay and silage and 304 minutes
per day when only hay was available. Harshberger (13) found that dairy
cows require seven to sixteen minutes to eat one pound of hay with the
faster rates for larger cows. If we use ten minutes per pound and the
30“ minutes average per cow we estimate that thirty pounds.of hay was

consumed per day per cow.

Eating silage.

Time spent eating silage when available took most of the roughage
eating time as shown in Table II. Figures 28, 29, and 30 show cow min-
utes per hour spent by the herd eating silage for the three observation
periods with silage available. Eating periods preferred were 7-12 A.M.
and 1.6 P.M., although some silage was eaten practically every hour of
each observation period. The cows averaged 256.0 minutes eating silage
per twenty-four hour period.

The study by Harshberger (13) showed that dairy cows averaged 1.75
to 2.75 minutes to eat one pound of silage. An indication as to the
amount of silage consumed in this case can be estimated by using 2.5 min.
utes per pound since the silage was not always loose. By dividing the
average of 256.0 minutes we may estimate that 100.0 pounds of silage
were consumed per day per cow. A total of 125 tone was available dur-
ing the three months of November, December, and January. The use of
100.0 pounds of silage daily per cow would use 90 tons for the three

months. The remaining 35 tons included wastage and silage for young

stock.

. 35
1200- F900

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

’\
‘g,ooo.<———— ”00.8 >< Nov. 3 -———><——— Nov./ -———>L-.,000
—C
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3,800+ ~800
'u’
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2 6004 ~600
E l
3400- -L 4/00
e
200% r—s 1' 200
H
0 T1 ‘ _ I I ‘ 7 p 0
/23‘7’ 6789/0///2/23‘/56783/O/I/2

:s‘fi

M Hour: PM
Figure 28. Cow minutes per hour eating silage (Nov. 1, 3, 8).

 

 

 

 

 

“/2001 '7200
.0

a

u

< [000.H‘ ”OM23 x “‘ ”0V.2&‘""“ g '/000
O

N

V L

3 8m‘ 800
4.

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E

k o 9—H" . 400
no 7 0‘ W

\J —i P...

o 7—H?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[£39f8759m00/23958789MH0
AM Hoar: PM
Figure 29. Cow minutes per hour eating silage (Nov. 22, 29).

[2 00

 

Dec3/ —~><~~—- 066.30 —--H

 

Cow mo'nu‘f'er (20 head)
“w m
o
'9 9

 

2:- The—1A [his

H29"
r4000
(800
—800

{-900

 

 

200

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I23‘I56789/0/l/2/ 23V56 788/0/l/2

Figure 30.

AM Hour: PM

Cow minutes per hour eating silage (Dec. 30, 31).

36

37

As mentioned earlier, silage was definitely preferred when avail-
able and time.spent_eating increased, as soon as silage was not avail-
able as is shown in Figures 24 and 30. On December 30, the silage was
nearly all cleaned away at 5 P.M. and a new supply didn't break loose
until 12 midnight. The cows spent some time at the silo but due to the
lack of silage the hay feeding time immediately increased and stayed up
until 12 A.M., December 31, when time spent eating silage increased al.
though it was after midnight.

These data of individual cow activity in a loose housing barn show
that the animals spent 9.6 hours resting (mostly in the lounge), 8.6
hours loitering (fairly evenly divided inside and outside), and 5.1 hours
eating roughage (mostly silage when available, otherwise hay) each day.

The remaining 0.7 of an hour was spent in the milking parlor.
Physiological Activity Study

Weekly data collected for eighteen weeks during November and Decem-
ber, 1952 and January, February, and March 1953 is shown in Tables‘XI,
,XII, and XIII (in the Appendix) for individual cows in the Brown Swiss
herd at the loose housing barns and for six Holsteins in the main barn
in tie stalls. These data are summarized and averaged by herds as shown

in Table IV which also includes a summary of weekly weather conditions.

Enlns_raisl
The cows in the loose housing barn on November 11 had a fairly high
pulse rate of 71 beats per minute and averaged above 70 beats a minute

through December 11, when a high of 7h.5 was reached. The next week,

38
December 18, the pulse rate drOpped to 67 and to 63.3 on Nanuary 1h.
A low of 52 beats per minute was reached January 21 and was followed by
rates of 54 to 57 during subsequent weeks.

The high average pulse rate of November and early December occurred
during the early cold periods of late fall which served as the acclima-
tizing period. The slightly colder weather in December and January
failed to hold the pulse rate up, as after these cows were acclimatized,
their pulse rates dropped to the sixties for six weeks and then to the
fifties for the remainder of the test period. variations during this
period generally showed a slight increase in pulse rate as temperatures
dropped and a slight decrease as the temperature went up.

The average pulse rate of six Holsteins in the tie stall barn was
fourteen beats slower (60 beats per minute) than the cows in the loose
hosing barn at the start of the observation period. This rate increased
to 65.3 on December 26 and then dropped to 58 on January 7 after the
temperature dropped to -7°F. on the morning of January 6. From this low,
the average pulse rate increased to 66 beats per minute and was main-
tained at this rate through the remainder of the eXperimental period.
Only the severe cold of January 6 and 7 had any affect on the pulse rate
of this herd. The low rate at the beginning of the period probably re-
sulted from the warmer temperatures of inside housing as compared to the

lower temperatures in the loose housing barn where the lounge area tem_

peratures averaged only 5.50F. higher than the outside paved yard area.

Respiration rate.
The respiration rate of cows in the loose housing barn at the start

of this experimental period, November 11, was 25 breaths per minute, It

39
decreased gradually to a rate of 16.1 per minute on January 7. Warmer
weather the next week increased respirations to 19.6 per minute from
which another gradual decrease to 1h.7 was noted on March u. By March
25, the average respiration rate for the herd had increased to 15.9
per minute.

The cows in the tie stall barn had a respiration rate of 25.3 on
November 11. An increase to 30 was noted by December h and then a
gradual decrease to 21 on January 7 and another increase to 2h to 27
through January and early February. The low for the herd was reached
on February 25 at 19.3 respirations per minute from which point the rate
increased to 26.7 on March 25.

These data show the effect of cold weather in causing a steady
decrease in rate of respiration for cows under loose housing conditions,
while cows in the stall barn held at a consistently higher rate with

‘

major decreases only under severe changes of outside temperatures.

Body temperature.~

Body temperature variations as shown in Table XIII (in the Appendix)

 

and the summary with weekly averages in Table IV indicate normal tempera-
ture ranges for both loose housing and stall barn conditions.

Under loose housing, the rectal temperatures averaged lOO.8°F.,
while in the stall barn the temperatures averaged 101.10F. to lOl.7°F.
Greater differences were noted between cows within a herd than between

herds.

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SUMMARY

This study showed that individual cow activities varied with
changing winter weather conditions even though the 1952-53 winter season
was relatively open and mild.

Loitering time inside and outside varied the most with a range of
112 to 3M9 minutes daily per cow outside loitering time and a range of
181 to 368 minutes daily per cow inside or lounge area loitering. Pre~
cipitation—-mostly as snow, and wind caused the greatest increase in
lounge loitering time.

Resting time in the paved yard area was very limited with 59 minutes
per cow per day in early November, 1h.5 in late November, 11.5 in late
December and no outside resting recorded for January, February and March.
A definite preference was shown for the warm bedded area of the lounge.
Inside or lounge area resting showed a tendency to increase along with
inside loitering in more severe weather when the outside loitering time
decreased.

Hay- and silage-eating time showed a range of 295 to 399 minutes
per cow during the first three observation periods when both hay and
silage were available. The high was a relatively mild day and the low
was a blustery day with a low of 15°F. and 0.3 of an inch of snowfall.
Silage was not available during the last three months and hay-eating
time ranged from 284 to 32h minutes per cow per day.

This study of roughage—eating time showed a definite preference by
the cows for silage since approximately three-fourths of the total rough-

age-eating time was spent eating silage. This herd averaged 256.0

“3
minutes per cow per day eating silage and 83 minutes eating hay when
both were available. Hay eating time averaged 304 minutes per cow
daily when only hay was available.

Weekly observations of pulse rate of cows in the loose housing barn
showed a relatively high rate of 71 to 7“ beats per minute in November
as the cows were becoming acclimated. This was followed by a gradual
decrease through December, January, and February to a low of 52.6 beats
on harch 18. Slight pulse rate decreases were noted as environmental
temperatures increased and pulse rate increased as environmental temper-
atures decreased. During this same period of time, cows in the stall
barn who started with a lower pulse rate (65 per minute) continued throng:-
out the period with only temporary decreases during periods of lower out-
side temperature.

The average respiration rate of the herd in the loose housing barn
showed a gradual decrease from 25 to 19.7 per minute with the lowest
periods during the most severe weather conditions. During this same period
the respiration rate of cows in the stall barn ranged from 30 to 19.3
per minute with higher rates in mild weather than in cold weather.

The average body temperature showed a greater difference between
cows within a herd than between the loose housing and stall barn herds

of this study.

APPEI-TDIX

%

TMflEV

COW ACTIVITY DATA

IND IV IDUAL

(12:00 to 6%00 P. M. NOV. 5, 6:00 to 12:00 P. M. Nov. 1

 

 

and 12:00 to 12:00 A. M. Nov. 8, 1952)

 

 

 

 

Cow Identification Numbers

"Muv

678910111213141516171819

M’wm-Wah- ao-._m~-..-.

 

Time

20

5

1 2 3 4

 

431122211112255555555555555555555622222
222821111333133366611111666664444551335
33511111lll1111133355555555555551144222
228231111133111555555555555333355111555
lll121111155335335355555555555555335555
228223311333331155522255555555551144555
ll4555511111133112255555555555554453555
283211112211333666666666666666611111555
288322111333344411166666666665533122444
222221111111444466666611166661155111222
ll4lllll1332222555555555333311115555555

222211111331122211155555555555555555555
813333111222441155555555553331111155555
331133311222113335555555555555522233555
228l31113333366666666633355555225555111
lll411111445661155555555555555211144555
228831111111333333311122255555555555555
111111111111555555555555555555533335333
222822111222333333111222266664442222555
#22211122112222211133333331111555552333

6:00
6:10
6:20
6:30
6:40
6:50
7:00
7:10
7:20
7:30
7:40
7:50
8:00
8:10
8:20
8:30
8:40.
8:50
9:00
9:10
9:20
9:30
9:40
9:50
10:00
10:10
10:20
10:30
10:40
10:50
11:00
11:10
11:20
11:30
11:40
11:50
12:00
12:10
12:20

 

.-~——._'.——-.-.-‘u.--.--ou ~_.—.-

.— —--——-_..—..c—

 

us

TABLE V (Continued

rw""'-w\ “L‘~.,-, 0-:

..—~—»,. -

Cow Identification Numbers

 

 

Time

 

2O

l2345678910111213141516171819

 

 

w».

 

555Ru55555555342555552229~22555522701155555551

~0236666666555555551335331531111112282225555

.25555553333333312233333221l11.111.135.55333335

555RU55555555.35555511222211111113112.282225555

55R055552225555553333533311113514l128259~2r0555

.555511220~2553333333~0111441555511122022225353

5222555555554.33533535552111111113702222255555
55533535555545554555555523333332222282222n¢2

1..166666666665.066666611113333331u112228114455

m5555555555551113333311144166663132222555555

555555552255.35541666355111133331313333533311u

55555223334111111152v~0~0311111111131133333114
2nan¢2n¢55333«0.031111354333111111111320011333333
5555555113333333355555522222224.l12822555555
l3352u333~0344.4333411166633322223112222825353
5555555552255555511133353111111111115556661
552222533333333341125555555555......l32222822255
5555555222555555555511133333352212222282222

_3311555555555555212222222222222111225222255

12:30
12:40
12:50
1:00
1:10
1:20
1:30
1:40
1:50
2:00
2:10
2:20
2:30
2:40
2:50
3:00
3:10
3:20
3:30
3:40
3:50
4:00
4:10
4:20
4:30
4:40
4:50
5:00
5:10
5:20
5:30
5:40
5:50
6:00
6:10
6:20
6:30
6:40
6:50
7:00
7:10
7:20
7:30

o...“ ”>n. ~ curs-«Few

~-—“hrn-—%‘.~ .,...-

 

.“7

TABLE V (Continued)

.r—-':~.-——v -w ‘. ~ “‘1‘“...

Cow Identification Numbers

 

 

 

Time

l234567891011121314151617181920

 

m~~r r.— —- - '

 

l.11355555111l11331111114.1133115522255555555_

_
511333111111111331111111115555224415.0552225M
3555531111111112.555333111155552222255555555W
533331111333311133.3311113355555522253341222_.
5225344443333113355555555555555522255555555
353415555111111333111133335555.3333333341111.
51.111111114444111111111533355555535331133531 4
2222222221311111555222255555555522255555555 _
55.05522221111311153333333355553535344115555.

5114441113333331166641131255552222233333333H

.33533111111111144.11155555555552222211555555

.1illaliil11111323203111Tl11111123133231:1a35a3525:33703:3205=USZDR05 4
.3103111f4ie414133qozu373134111114:413350135:35=0s35n2922aofiiogofiioao5

.5133031130013311111111337323323131119:5a35eufiiba35euifl1330313300133.1w
13«33.111111111111111123111111.1112n2922n29&5cufifbgofirbaofiioaosibnofiibao_
13331111111111l3311333333355555522333313331l
5.555555535333111l31133314455555522233313333i
.Dausioao3aozu3qozu3qoil1111232.3.1iibaofifbaofiibnufiszuSqozuSZORuSZDRU5
2113233331111111133311111133144455555555555
.5a35zoefbao5au1flwl1.1122922n29f1113111f423311122022n29:5:35:55:5a35

7:40
7:50
8:00
8:10
8:20
8:30
8:40
8:50
9:00
9:10
9:20
9:30
9:40
9:50
10:00
10:10
10:20
1:00
1:10
1:20
1:30
1:40
1:50
2:00
2:10
2:20
2:30
2:40

 

10:30
10:40
10:50
11:00
11:10
11:20
11:3)

11:40
11:50
12:00
12:10
12:20
12:30
12:40
12:50

#8

TABLE v (Continued)

e --—‘~--v_—.t -.'- -

 

_—-.-.-o _ v.- "u.

‘-

 

Identification Numbers

Cow

 

Time

vi-“

..‘4~.‘~n. ‘1. m c“ ant-“9*-

9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 1819 20

‘4”-

 

8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

 

 

555555555~3555555555
5555555225555555555

5555555555555555555

_5555555p055555555555

“5555515311555555555

1122555555555555555

1555555552351112555

5555555555555555555

5555555555555555555

1255555555555555555

2225555555555555555

5555Ru55555555555555
5555555555555555555
2555555555555555555
5555555555555555555
1122555555555555555
5555555555555555R055
5533125555555555555
5555555555555555555
5555555555555555555

2:50
3:00
3:10
3:20
3:30
3:40
3:50
4:00
4:10
4:20
4:30
4:40
4:50
5:00
5:10
5:20
5:30
5:40
5:50

 

-‘—“~‘~“~-“‘.

.. -n.-r'u uh

 

 

* Activity code:

1- Loitering in the yard.

2- Loitering in the lounge.

3- Eating silage.
4- Eating hay.

5- Resting in the lounge.
6- Resting in the yard.

8- In milking room.

L+9

T‘f
J. .4.

7
J.

‘7‘

1
(8:00 A. u. Nov. 28 to 5:00 A. a. Nov.

DATA

VIDUAL CCU ACTIVT

29, 1952)

14“ aha-u

 

“wt..-

qs— ’_b—..' “a ‘wu*—-"-h'i-

 

Identification Numbe

 

m

WW

Time

4“”..- ‘J

10 11 12 15 14 15 16 1'7 18 19 20

 

56789

1254

 

 

1.22nd225Ru55555rd1331u311122225555323334441255

....—3-~_...-..... .‘.~ ~

ll1111222231111555351122225335315222221335
2222222255555555520~2222222225555555522225
155111555555 52222555555555552222255555222
4.44.415171.:0"033204141111112256331551111222255.55
l4411153355543343351112223333531351113333.1111
21.422222225555555223332221133331112,2222555
2222241131144444113332222.5544122222222111
2222r05553n055470351133322523333111113551111
55354111135444411135222221133111222222555
22222222452355.5511122222225555555522225555

55b55555533445411553522525555522111111222
53115141153443533522222325555111111113535
55555555535441223533522323353111555555555
02 02 n2 n2 :3 23 R3 :3 23 23 23 .2 is 23 23 23 23 23 11 11 11 mg on 23 no 23 23 23 23 23 11 11 11 11 23 23 23 23 11 11 11_
11111155351443551255522225335511111115555
55552155555444412222222523555335541112255
55555555111444555555222525311555353551255
55552222535453221111112325555322222222222
55552222222222444453512224442222222222222

9(-

 

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
01.234h50:1234 O1234501234501234501234501234
o. co .0 no .0 oo o. to on 00 o. e. .0 .0 o. .0 no .0 00 on a. o. o. o. o. o. o. 00 on o. no co co co oo
88 n.088 9:9999 OOOC0011111122222211111122222

TABLE VI (Continued)

 

_. _‘ J .... -_-._......_.—..._...~.__..... 2...

——.~.—.—-—— —cu—-..— .o‘.-.~_——- q-“d'~.- Q ‘ '-

 

Cow Identification Numbers

Time

 

1920

18

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 14 15 16 17

 

m5555225555555554411114441115555221111112255

51112555555222229~222822222555555555517035555

FJ55559~22225555559~2n¢222222222255252555555555

1335353333111115p0332831u3222fi4n6332222222n43535

555n4222n¢22555552nx~552222883~03322255555555551

11.1.444.1.11135333329~2222882115311111225555555

o5552111111444455511215551122222111111112221

1111111111222222153222228822222222222222535

1111137033311111132u322282335532n4222255555555

555FJ555555535333111215531111llln¢n42225555555

5551555555555555111211111111111111111111225.

2222222222111111122222222222222114422222223_
31555551111111112552822255355352255555555551

5224441111111111555282222255555555522222225
1114441111115555111222822255522255551551111
1225555545555555111222288111111222222221111
5222255545555555555228222222222255555555555
5552215555122222112228211122555111116655555
5551551111222222552222882112222222225555225
5552222221555555222222288244221222222222225
wmmmwwwwmmmmwwmmwmwmmmww

.

233333344444455555566666

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
501.2345012345012345
6

7777778888889903999

wfi:~.‘"-- -r o.—..--—.

. tug-q- 3.0—-.-«o-n“ -mcmvm- -m..-»

 

1.
.

 

 

 

-
..v—-'---r'~ » pus

Cow Identification Numbers

TABLE VI (Continued)

nfiflflwm-fivmfi. -w--—. .. --

——..— — "- -—' u.- 'I“

. .-- w--

1254567891011121514151617181920

 

 

 

Time

555555552111l55.3558»er:05F0555555555555555555
555555552111125555K05Fdrw655555555r0.35555555555 _.
5559~131u~015555555555rd5555555555555555555555
r355555555555523335311255555552225555555552
11111042255.35504222225r05rd§5r05555555555”355555
555555552111ll111111666.0.0666n06666553155555
11099055555111.111155555555r055555555555655522.2255
55552n42211111n455555FJKQ55555rOau55555555555555
555555r052111133333311555555555555555555555
5555220u21111111111225555555555cufiu5222222555
5552144.4111119~222255555552221111111121.35555

103555555211112555555522206551.353.31.35'3555555555
5555222233"Ono~011111122222221111111122555555
5555555555555555555221333322255556555555555
4441122n6144.41255555F02222233531111111125555
11157033311112555Fu55:u5c.5555rxuaur355cu5555166666
355555555555555555c05FJFJFDFQSF02115533555555555
444433332222n¢11111122€d555555r05555555555555
555555555335122222225Ru5r0552225555555555555
533344.442222555555555n05r0555555555522225555

 

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
012545012545012545012545012545012545012545
I. O. I. O. O. O. I. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. C. O. I. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. I. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. C. O. O. O.
OO0000111111222222111111222222353333444444.
111111111111111111

52

TABLE VI (Continued)

- ‘wr.’ —,.M~.—.—.-._.~.._‘-. .2.

.gx-.. _——.._...‘ ..—~.“o—.— -~« lye—v1... “3.,15‘

-~~

“.1

,-,--...

—. -.._..-.--. '
,_ _..w.--—-——-.-~—.-r »

 

Cow Identification Numbers

-' —-—--—--—-" _--.-'

 

 

 

Time

.—_.,.\ --..-——-

10 11 12 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

 

 

 

8 9

1 2 5 4 5 6 7

_

‘
555555552111155555.55555:1355555555r0555555555m
5555555521111255555555555555555555555555551.
555212.3551555555555555555555555555555555555
R3555555.3555552335351125555555222r0555555552
111110922555559~222225rd5555r05555555555555555
5555555521.l.l111111116666666666666333155555
11.12.555.05511.111155555555555555535555535552.2255
555522221111125555555555555555555555555555
5555555521111313335311555555555555555555555
55552222111.11111111225555555.555555222222555
555214441111122222555555522211111111255555

33705555521111255555552222551Kuau5r353u555555555

 

55552222"0331p311111122222221111111122555555.

55555555555555555552213335222Ru55cu555555555
444.1122n4144.41125555552222253531111111125555
11137033511112555Ku55r5rdc.555RurJFQCUS5CURu§55166666
333555555555555555KV5CQrJfiuadRuruh/Nllssss555555555
444433332222n¢11111122£¢55555555555555555555
555555555533122222225:355552225555555555555
333344442222555555555935rd5555555557022225555

.

 

n3Onun30A0n3OAUn3Onun3OnunionuonuOZUn30nun3OAunYOnunZUAVOnunZUnVOnunv
nuln2334R30112234:5n31n2374a3011220435n31n2374e30112204250f1923125
O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. C. C. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. Q. C. O. O. O. I. O. O. O. O. O. C. O. O. O. O.
OnunZUn301lifil111:1022n292292111131111n2922022n232513520334144144f4
11131111.111111121111111TI111

%

TABLE VI (Continued)

‘— ‘.~—_.

~-._ __ -_

----w.,n-‘

-- ’-<«- .,. - ~
u—&."'memI‘-om~\ ‘2'-“ 5.1.... we, “m“.‘fiu ‘,.~‘....‘

Cow Identification Numbers

 

 

- n—v-~.

v..-.:-..——~

 

Time

—- ~-- ‘4 .—- I... -—c.-..\§—.a- -- 1 -a¢_.~ ‘49 ~A- fi‘vnn-mm-w .u,‘ OI, w 5

9 10 11 12 15 14 15 16 17 1‘

 

 

 

19 20

C1

8

‘1234567

P05555444411n0663333

.. “*3, .1.

55555552882222.5555

' .‘TA‘C/fl'

555555522222222222A
222225528833331111
555555522255288533
555555522222883333
555553335322555555
555555528833131555

555555520¢228813355

-.-- ~‘v-"-"-‘-'_ —-*—'—-I-.o-—‘-41 u ‘1 "W F"

555555544411111111w
555555522255552222w

5555555222222222221
5555555222881111113
5555555288335555551
555521122222881111.
655552122222552355“H
555551122288222222m
5555555222288335111
.5e35cubecuoa2n2oa5n2RZZn29~2m

522225522222282222m
1

OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOM
012545012345012345

555555666666777777

9kActivity code:

1- Loitering in the yard.
2- Loitering in the lounge.

3- Eating silage.
4- Eating hay.

5- Resting in the lounge.
6- Resting in the yard.

8- In milking room.

VII

TABLE

COW ACTlVlTY DATA

M;

-v

"ID IV 113

'\
1

I
(5:00 P. u. Dec. so to 5:00 P. M. Dec. 31, 1952)

-‘-—~--‘-_->-o..r.

1‘. ".5c—Dwnug—na‘g—o.‘ ~n----
a ‘ '- a

--—_--—'—-.-

 

 

dew Identification Numbers

 

 

Time

11.12 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 33

7 8 9 10

 

6

1 2 3 4 5

 

11444544552211111112555555521135114444441
22288444444444444455555555113333351111111
11222222814444444444155555551533531555555
22288111455511111111444435335414111555513
12285555444444441115555555513323111111114
12222222812244444444444466644141225555555
41122883541133314444444444444135555555555
11222883444455555115355335534434444444441
11222288444444444444155555513311114444444
44113331441155555555555555551155333333344
11114411111111141444444444441151111555555

44114444444455555522555555552133111111111
12114421255555555211255555144443111111135
11228831412244444155555555144331111111133
12222228144455555555555555524444443533531
21228833415555555555555555211444443333344
41222288144444444255555555555552225555133
41284441433344444422555555555444441222133
11222228844444444155555555551444444444444

fi1222222844455555555555555552144444444411

0000000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
01254501234501234501234501234.50

O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O.

1

O.
55555566666677777788888899999900
11

102
10:3

10:4
10:5
11:0
11:1
11:2
11:3
11:4

1

_

 

55

TABLE VII (Continued)

 

 

 

w-u. ww-‘h- oat-M --“—~—-»—~——ozn~—w— .— Mm —— —.

Cow Identification Numbers

 

m" -‘r .a-‘n.->v _-.-.

 

 

 

 

mgo‘ “— ’I

1234567891011121314151617181920

Time

 

—-....._.- -—__-_‘_-—..- --‘.\..

 

2:555555555.55.5.511555555.1.1155511355444411441111
11113555355322222222222555555522228821222222
22155555555555555555555555555322222222821111
55511555111255551555555125555552222n¢282111353

111111355553111211111122111355222228/215153311

”yum

v". ‘9 mpg-31nduvvo-tfi'v-‘v —

R5555115555352255.5.555222211153522222222821111_.

555.5555555555521355553122255552220.52288555311

155.5555555555:5555555555555555522228821155551 .

51.1.13533531111115555211111333122222822111111
1.111333322555555555522222213331311111111111.1
55555555555555133333331135531131533566111111

2555—3155111114111112222.222221.55311115535111153
555535331551411115555544411135511115111111111
111115355351111121111122211444122228211111111
9w5555555.555555555555555555555522222228821153
111133555195111112555.511155535322228«211553511
5.1.1155515:5552222222111.1111111122222288221111

W
m
1
W
M
.
M

m

M

1111l133333353535311133333312522222282113511M

11115333255555555555522211551122222228822222
12215555513333311444411555551122222222822222

11:50
12:00
12:10
12:20
12:30
12:40
12:50
1:00
1:10
1:20
f1:30
1:40
1:50
2:00
2:10
2:20
2:30
2:40
2:50
3:00
3:10
5:20
3:30
3:40
3:50
4:00
4:10
4:20
4:30
4:40
4:50
5:00
5:10
5:20
5:30
5:40
5:50
'6:00
6:10
6:20
6:30
6:40
6:50
7:00

 

TABLE VII (Continued)

 

 

 

Cow Identification Numbers

 

Time

l23456'7891011121314151617181920

 

_11255555555553333331222555555555555555521444U

21111133311112555555522555555555555555553333m
_
13333322222255555521333555555555555511114444m
_
333311111111225555555555555213331133111111131
_

11111111122255.555555555555555521555411115555
11666661153n54.66666655355555351555555555555555
11.15555211555555555555551555552521444455555555
15555555511115555525555555551115555555552225
16./O66661111125555555555555555551111111115534
11111111115555555555555555555555555555552225
11111121111125555555555555555555555555551555

33311211111111111112222555555552332255555555
11333331111133333325555555555553333333331111
11111111222255555222222222222222222222222222
33312211111111111144444111111111111115555555
13333341144444555555555555555533341111333333
11333331111155555555555333344444113331112225
11333113344415555555555555555513333331115555
22222221111121111155555555555523333333222222
21111144444441555555555555555552222211444444

.

7:10
7:20
7:30'
7:40
7:50
8:00
8:10
8:20
8:30
8:40
8:50
9:00
9:10
9:20
9:30
9:40
9:50
10:00
10:10
10:20
10:50
10:40
10:50
11:00
11:10
11:20
11:30
11:40
11:50
12:00
12:10
12:20
12:30
12:40
12:50
1:00
1:10
1:20
1:30
1:40
1:50
2:00
2:10
2:20

 

W

TABLE VII (Continued)

.

 

 

r~=:uua<..sa.z :w'-“ -- ----

 

Cow Identification Numbers

 

-_.._,._.__._ _ __. ._- __ -,_____-__,..-

1234567891011121314151617181920-

 

Time

. _
44441122222n¢115H

 

 

._ '.§ .9 ---~.

. .cmn- an-.. - a, .

 

111111222222211

1.155555222555552.

555155555529~2111

—--n.— , -..
..-.——- _—.—_—..—.§_—.--.._ _. _ _

5555552225555151

5555555559~22211

55.555555555551111

55.555522211111515

 

 

444444222333333.
555555222333333;
311111555222211

55555522n¢111552 .
2.55555n622555511
222222222222222
55.555952225551511“
51.111165222211155
555555222111551
555555555555512
222222222222122
155555222111122

2:30
2:40
2:50
3:00
3:10
3:20
3:30
3:40
3:50
4:00
4:10
4:20
4:30
4:40
4:50

 

 

 

*Activity code:

1- Loitering in the yard.

2- Loitering in the lounge.

3- Eating silage.
4- Eating hay.

5- Resting in the lounge.
6- Resting in the yard.

‘8- In milking room.

58

TABLE VIII

INDIVIDUAL COW ACTIVITY DATA
(3:00 P. M. Jan. 23 to 5:00 P. M. Jan. 24, 1953)

 

 

_ *w.-- fi...

 

Cow Identification Numbers

 

Time

_.

 

l25456'7891011121314151617181920

*%

 

55555555552022222222211121112222220~5555555

. 55522222221111.1114.44442n¢229~144.111222555555555

444.444.444.444.4444422222228902.422202555555555
55.0555555555224444422918821111444125555555
55555555221111.444444202n42228844444122555555
5555555552222211111122288224444441111.4444
555222222222224444442800222222222555555555
55555555552222111142222288144444255555555
44.44411111111111144.1.111n620082l114444441212555555
11114.44.44.44.4444.11111111111111444441444441144.4441

22555555555222222222222n¢22882555555556555
555555555552114.444442n488221144222555555555
5555555555222224.4.442228811122555411222225
55552222222«.41.244442220222228844422555555555
22255555522222244222918811111442225555559.0'05
211.144.444.44.4.441114444222222214444411111441.1125
555555555n¢111444444222882214.4255555555555
#25555d555rd22204111442209222288211111111111.114442

3:00
3:10
3:20
5:30
5:40
3:50
4:00
4:10
4:20
4:50
4:40
4:50
5:00
5:10
5:20
5:30
5:40
5:50
6:00
6:10.
6:20
6:30
6:40
6:50
7:00
7:10
7:20
7:50
7:40
7:50
8:00
8:10
8:20
8:30
8:40
. 8:50
9:00
9:10
9:20
9:30
9:40

1

 

W

TABLE VIII (Continued)

 

~_— -.--'.-—-. -~. -— .-

 

 

.— _...—..-——-

 

Identification Numbers

C OVJ'

Time

 

-— -_. p-OW‘——- .— ‘_

 

20

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

l 2

9:50

10:00
10:10

16 17 18 19

10 ll 12 13 l4 l5

M5552222222222222222225555555555555555555555?
J4444125555555555555555555555555555555555555?
M55555111111122555555555555555555555555555555

m55555555555522222222555555555555555555555555.

_.5rJ5.b5555555555555555555555555555555555555555

 

 

55555555555555555544444444442555555555555555
55514444444441555555555555555555555555555555
55555555522111111111112222225555555555555555

5Ru5.52144444442555555555555555555555555555555

 

_

M
55555555524444444444442222225555555555555552
_

555552144.4.4444255555555555555555555555555555

55555555555555555514444444444255555555555555

 

FJ5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
r0555555552244.4444444125555555555555555.555555
5555n0555555555555555555555555555555555555555
r0Kurdsr0555214444444444425555555555555555555555
.IJr055P35555555222224444119~22255555555.555555555
55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
5555rd55555555555555555555555555555.5555555555

20

10:30
10:40
10:50
11:00
11:10
11:20
11:50
11:40
11:50
12:00
12:10
12:20
12:30
12:40
12:50
1:00
1:10
1:20
1:30
1:40
1:50
2:00
2:10
2:20
2:30
2:40
2:50
5:00
3:10
3:20
3:30
3:40
3:50
4:00
4:10
4:20
4:30
4:40
4:50
5:00

 

10:

00

a—wufiou’w ~-..,,-~.- -

 

”WI‘ .

-—.. M— w.—M-<-..——.

Cow Idehtification Numbers

 

 

TABLE VIII (Continued)

 

 

Time

 

 

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ll 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

 

Ru5aufiiznaofDRUSZOa35849~2n49~2nzRuSZDRUSnéQibaufitanuAfin11f11111111114
5552288222225555555555544444444442222222222
555222255288444444412222225.5555555222222222
,OauEZZn49~8acn44T4A4Af4.4A4414‘41f11111111930nufiibcufiibauQZZnaou4T4A44f4
:353304922n6RUSZDRuEZDRuSZDRuBIDRJ5:0:31T4A4414n4Af4n4431n49f2n6912n49~1
55552222288222222555555552222222144444.4.1114
5555228844444444441555555555455552222211114
5555282444444222255555555222222224444412222

55555558824.44.222255555555224444442222225555

w5555222228822444444111111255522222222225555

*- -v~-—. ”h

_—.——.. --.—.—_.

 

55544.4.444.44441111444444.44425522225555522222.

5552222222882222255555555555555555555555555
5524444444444111144444444411144444444442225
5552288444445555555555551444444444555555554
5555222288222222255555555222222214444441111
5555582444445555555555555444444442555555555I
5552222222444222222222221444444442555522222_
5555222882224444444125555555555551111444444
5555555288245555555555551444444444222222224

5:10
5:20
5:30
5:40
5:50
6:00
6:10
6:20
6:30
6:40
6:50
7:00
7:10
7:20
7:30
7:40
7:50
8:00
8:10
8:20
8:30
8:40
8:50
9:00
9:10
9:20
9:30
9:40
9:50
10:00
10:10
10:20
10:30
10:40’
10:50
11:00
11:10
11:20
11:30
11:40
11:50
12:00
12:10

 

 

 

m

w..— —-._~—_.—_..._~ -_._..—.—.._. ....- _._

1234567891011121314151617181920

 

 

 

TABLE VIII (Continued)

 

 

Cow Identification Numbers

 

Time

 

 

.4441115555555555+

5555512222444444
:

4444115555555555;

44441122229~22444

4444442222255555

_ h._._.._. .-v--‘-

44444122229~55555

 

4.441144444455555.
2222225555555555
5555555555555555
5555555554444444:
2222225555555555w

4444445555555555m
_55555555555555554
W4444442222555555_
”4444442222224441W
12222211111222555
“2222222222222222_
_5554415555551555
.

.

 

44.444444444555554

12:20
12:30
12:40
12:50
1:00
1:10
1:20
1:30
1:40
1:50
2:00
2:10
2:20
2:30
2:40
2:50

 

‘2- Loitering in the lounge.

3- Eating silage.

4- Eating hay.
5- Resting in the lounge.

6- Resting in the yard.

1- Loitering in the yard.
8- In milking room.
"* Cow ho. I removed from herd.

I: Activity code:

 

&

MMEIX

."-~

'--—'.-~ 9...“

 

-_..—...‘~

pl- -' .--—.~- --~
—_..-_..-._...-._

:- . “.‘

. -4 M- ._-__—-. o.-

INDIVIDUAL cow ACTIVITY DATA
(4:00 P. M. Feb. 27 to 4:00 P. M. Feb. 28, 1953)

 

__._ -.-___——-'w-—...m .,..

_—-——————~_—-- -._ \

Cow Identification Numbers

 

1234567891011121314151617181920

 

5522222444441444441222225555555555555555

5244444444442811444444425555555555555555

4411144444552228844444422225555522555555

2144412222222814441444444444444255555555_

 

ll44441122221.1.12425555524442555555555524

4444412222222222884444444.4944444222255555

4.444441444112228812222255555555555555555

4444412222222288442222255.355555555555555

1125555555222222814441144444444425555555M

4444442222222282441422222225555555555555a

144444441.1.112222288444422225555555555222

4444444444442222288222222255555555555555H
5555224422228821412222222255555555555555n

4444114441222282225555555555555522222222
5522222244442222288444425555555555555555
4441144444222288444322555555555555555555

52222444414l1411444444444.125555555555555_

5522244414448822222222255555555555555555i

“444422244412222288122255555555555555555

4

*

0000000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0000000000000

0123450123450123450123450123450123450123

0. on 2. co oo oo o. o. o. oo oo co co to co co co o. oo oo o. co co no o. so on o. o. co co to co co co co 00 oo oo o.
1111

63

TABLE IX (Continued)

 

Cow Identification Numbers

m--" __-..—-- n--. _ __ -h

 

 

Time

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2O

 

 

F
5229~2222444444441112255555555555555555555555
.

55555244444444455555555555555555555555555555

55555555229~555555555555555555555555555522255

 

55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
55524444445555555555555555555555522444444444
555552229~55555555555cd55555555555555555555555
55555555555555555555555555555555555555555522
22222555555555552224444444444255555555555555

.Dn2912n2922n2QTbauSibaafitoaufitbnusoBianufifbgufiibaufiibnufirbaufitbnc92232925
beaufifbaufiioauBibaufiibaufifbaufiio:3sfbaufifbaufiio:ufiZDRUEZDauafbaufiibaufiib
:ufiioaudf4.4A4A?4.44f4.44f4n2:3520RufiibnufiiocufiZoauSioaufirbaufifbnu5:3:3533
nu5:0ausufilaausufiioausuSionuau5:0:383SioaasuSionusufiiogusufiioaufiibcuRufiionusu
5:35235:35:35:35:05:35:34A44A44A44n22n25:35au5nu5:35:35:u5n22n22n2
922n29:2:JSZDaufiiaaufiZDRUSZORJSZDauSfbnufifbnufiioaufiioaafifbau5:3:3firogusu5
.Daufiibnatf4A4Af4n44f4.44f4n2922n2noSibnufiibauSIDaufiibaufiioau5:0:3520n2922

1:00
1:10
1:20
1:30
1:40
1:50
2:00
2:10
2:20
2:30
2:40
2:50
3:00
3:10
3:20
3:30
3:40
3:50
4:00
4:10
4:20
4:30
4:40
4:50
5:00
5:10
5:20
5:30
5:40
5:50

 

10:40
10:50
11:00
11:10
11:20
11:30
11:40
11:50
12:00
12:10
12:20
12:30
12:40
12:50

64

TABLE IX (Continued)

 

 

-.Q o -w- -mw-..‘ .oi-ur- .—

Cow Identification Numbers

 

Time

-~——v—_.—_.....‘.. .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2O

 

 

.1A4474n2n2Rofiibuaaufiioal111:1.111414A4ITIA4414,4n292131111flal111:0nuaufiio
n29~8“802922nears:3539n31f111111?111114.4A4Lf4n44T4111flnlifl.1111f111922
l2n2029~8n2114I4A4414A4474.1A4AT4A4A44?4.4Af4.4A44T4.4A44:IRCRVSZORCSZDR3RU
Snooa2n4922n21:1111111:111111114A4431111.44:4A14A4A74111111f1144f4n44
A2n2aufiionosufiianu1flwl4f4.4A44:1.1111?111114.4A4474.4A4Af411111:1n292510n3
n2922n2238.11111111111.1111:1111?11111111114.4A4451n2a3520au5Paaufiionueu2

22800222225555211111111111444411444125555555

i222228l44.44411111111111111444411222214441144

2228811441111144441111111444.444444441122255
29~22220u8l1111144441111111444444111144441555

n2022n2928noo22.1424A44.4111.111111111a111454Af4n41n2922aiAT4.41f1n2R35
2n2922n2928n8922n2922n2922n2912022n29~2n2022n29~2n2922022n2QZZRUSIDRCS
928no924.1115:3R32n2922.1111.1111.1111.11t4n4AI4Aa4111f1111.1112n2Ranu
2n29§bn38n2022n2111.4Af4n4474111TIIIl.1114.4AT4A44.4AT4A44.1111.1114.4
mo232.4431114.41:111111111111fl111111il114.44f4111.44f4111111:1114.44.
1.111111111.443111111AI4A41.1111111:1111.4AT4A44.4Af4n4431111111IDR35
928no924.4434A4111131111111:1A44A4AT4444I4A44n297111lal1f4144111fl111
922n2nu8.1114.44:4111111T1111111:11llql134A44.44f411111122022.4AT4A44

6:00
6:10
6:20
6:30
6:40
6:50
7:00
7:10
7:20
7:30
7:40
7:50
8:00
8:10
8:20
8:30
8:40
8:50
9:00
9:10
9:20
9:30
9:40
9:50
10:00
10:10
10:20
10:30
10:40
10:50
11:00
11:10
11:20
11:30
11:40
11:50
12:00
12:10
12:20
12:30
12:40
12:50
1:00

 

b5
19 20

F,
.1
K2

 

 

 

(Continued)
Identification Numbers

 

 

TABLE IX

Cow

 

 

.......-- __.-_‘ “—1.... w_-

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1

 

 

Time

——-—

514422255555555d55

0~444444444111111111

5144444441111141Eu5

 

1

4.1111111:1A4411111111:5a35I

no as 02 n2 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1
W

4A4474A4Af4111111TI111.1e351
A44A4AT4A44111T1A44A4AT4111
,5au2n2AIDR35IIOQ2n2922.4A44
431:3Refiloaosufiioausvfiiancau5
roguesSionusufiioausufiibnuRibro
PadangSibauaofiioausufiionuosfiiz

Sibausfbnosfbnuoa2n29~2n2922
POR35eusibcuSZ5022n29~2neoe2.
.Daufiib:3525R3515a35351111114
.4.111114.4A4AT4A4A44T41111ITI
.5Fonaaufiib.0:3525:353511114A4
r5:uRVSZDnusufiiaguRufiioauaofiib
11474A4ofbeueufiianusvfiioao5:5
.4n2025:5:3R3520n3a3525n292922

 

1:10
1:20
1:30
1:40
1:50
2:00
2:10
2:20
2:30
2:40
2:50
3:00
3:10
3:20
3:30
3:40
3:50

2- Loitering in the lounge.
1 removed from herd.

3- Eating silage.

4- Eating hay.
5- Resting in the lounge.

6- Resting in the yard.

1- Loitering in the yard.
8- In milking room.

 

A * Activity code:

* J" COVJ NO.

TABLE X

IZIDF‘HDITAL COT! ACTIVITY DAT

00 21.1

AT
.10

(e

 

Karch 28 to 8:00 A. M. march 29, 1953)

 

Cow Identification Numbers

 

Time

)0

0"
L4

19

18

567891611121314151617

1234

‘.

 

221444144111114444411112225555555522 2222
444.44.4.3.4444422222220222222222222444.11.111.112
1.1.11444444444222222222222222555552444444
4.44.444444444411422095555555552222441222225
44444444.441111255552225555555555555444.11
Au.4411.111...1.14.44441112222222555555555555544444
4444441111.1144444n¢5r3555555r3555555555544441
444441111144.44.411122222222222555522222222
2555C055114444441111444444.2222255555554414441
2222222222222222225555222225555555444444
444111111114444412244444444442555555222225

A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 11 n2 he an ac 02 02 on A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 02 n2 n2 n2 n2 A4 A4 A4 11 11 11 11 11
11144A...A.44111111155555555554555552444444.411
11444A4»...444444115555555555554444442244444
44444444A.4444442n422225555555444422222225
244.45.44444444441111225555555555555544442
4114444444444429~1122nd2555555555555544444
A.4441444.4441111255555444115122222255522222
4444.4444441111111222222210a22222555555552

t
4....

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0123450123450123450123450123450123450123
O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. I. O. O. O. I. I. O. C. O. C. C. O. O. C. .0 I. O. O. O. O. O. C.
8288889999990000001111112222221111112222
111111111111111111

 

67

TABLE x (Continued)

 

.-. ~_-—

 

Cow Identification Numbers

Time

 

2O

19

__,__,___._ ,_—__.__. . .

6 17 18

1
J.

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

n
I

1 2 3 4 5 6

,222225555555555552211111104.1111444442555:u555r05

 

 

Ru55559~2221A1444442222912204449~Can¢2042222220~2CJ5555

444444444449~29~2n62fi6229~222284444444422ncn525r0555”

 

:3 :3 no :3 mg no on n2 n2 n2 on A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 A4 n2 n2 n2 no 11 11 02 n2 02 an on on 11 11 11 11 11 02 02 no 02 on as no n2

_
255555555522222222222222222222222222222255551
4.4.441125555522222222228844444444411555555555m

1n2922925euRZDQCSnCAT4A44A44f4922A2938e3111ifl111A4174A4AT4A42A2935a35w

_
n2 A2 02 n2 A2 n2 n2 an no n2 02 n2 n2 n2 02 11 11 11 11 no no no A4 A4 A4 A4 n2 n2 no 02 n2 n2 on n2 n2 n2 n2 on 02 n2 me no :3 :31

111114444444111111111122222222222144444422551
55555555552222224442222228222222222225555555
55555555551444444442222228444444441222225555

25555555552222224442222881222222222222225555
222222220~2111114.44422288114442222222229:05555
22222555514411114442884444222221111111122555
55555555511144444111222n¢2882221111122209222225
22122092222222220422222881111111125555555555555
44444222222222222222144444111222225555555555
55555555551111.114444442884444n¢22555552225555555
22222555524444444112222288111122222222255555

 

2:40
2:50
3:00
3:10
3:20
3:30
3:40
3:50
4:00
4:10
4:20
4:30
4:40
4:50
5:00
5:10
5:20
5:30
5:40
5:50
6:00
6:10
6:20
6:30
6:40
6:50
7:00
7:10
7:20
7:30
7:40
7:50
8:00
8:10
8:20
8:30
8:40
8:50
9:00
9:10
9:20
9:30
9:40
9:50

 

TABLE X (Continued)

 

 

-nrm- --—- —. __,., .1

Cow Identification Numbers

 

Time

 

7891011121314151617181920

6

l 2 3 4 5

 

_...__ - —————. _..~-—..—._. _A_'

- __--._-‘-o-~_-——

.v. ----.——..-_

5:...55555555555555555555—3555555555555555555555
55155555555111.1444444444444425555555555555555
509244444444r055555r355555555555555555555555555
Gan/“225555.555550L144444&144444445555555555555555
555F0555555555555555522n¢2555555EJ555F0555555555
F05555555555555555555555,355555555555555551.0555
55555552144444455555555555555555555522444444
5555555544411114555555555555555555555555p0555
FJF05555555444444555555555535555555555555555555
FJ5555F05555522222255K05551355555555555555555555
5555555555222nd5555555220422555555555555555555

55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
:3545530R35435A44241f1A44A4Af4A44A44:19~513510835au5eusfba35eusfb:35nu
55555555144114444444441225555555555555555555
55555555555555555555555555555555555555555555
55552222222555555555555555555555555555555555
55555555555222214444444444425555555555555555
55555555214444442555555555555555524442222222
55555555222222255555555555555555555555555555

000000000000000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO000000
01234501234501234501234501234.501245012345012
0.10. O. O. O. O. O. O. 0. O. O. O. O. O. 0. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. 00 O. O. O. O. O. .0 O. O. .0 O. O. .0 O. .0 O. .0 00 O. O. 00 00
0000001111112222221111112222223333344444.4555
111111111111111111

 

 

 

Time

TABLE X (Continued)

..-_. —-—-.

 

 

v..- ._.

 

.____--._-..-_—_-. - -__-.--_-.__-_...__...—___ ._.. -.-- - ‘— v1- «’4'

Cow Identification Numbers

 

(0
C»!
.5
()1
0‘

‘ 7

 

5:30
5:40
5:50
6:00
6:10
6:20
6:30
6:40
6:50
7:00
7:10
7:20
7:30
7:40
7:50

-_- ,1

itdk

amt—'Hoaoommwmmmmmw
Hweppmemmwmmmmw

8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2O

 

oasaxknueupa>+ndoavcmcnm
htdhhpnepronamcnunmcmcnm i
zooamtooomtouawroonwcnoum
‘(nonataeaenpr001mcficnoumcm
; menonooamcncnnoamcnvmmow
f¢>enpe4H+4dunu3mcnumycnm

0101010"

itot4espun¢>oidnooaummcnoum
:cmon4h4+4>¢upeawcnoumcnu
f uronamcndnonamtonamcficnm
2 P‘HFJF‘HPJFJHCDcvewbespu>

F4¢~¢+4FJH(DOJN(OADUCfian
; mvoeueeswtonamzonamcmcnu
‘RJMCCQHUAJNDJNHOUHmLflch
'fishF‘NHDCJNCONH0LHOCPUHfi

wroouxeamrouwonamooummow

acnuumcnondktmronaucpoum

&zoo3mcnoamnonawroo3

 

 

~—-

Activity code:

1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
8-

 

i

\

H
I

 

Loitering in the yard.
Loitering in the lounge.
Eating silage.

Eating hay.

Resting in the lounge.
Resting in the yard.
In milking room.

Cow No. I removed from herd.

TABLE XI

INDIVlDUAL COW WEEKLY PULSE RATE DATA

 

”-M.———

~-_—r..._-

 

70

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

64 68 68 68 76

 

Date
Cow
No. Nov. 11 Nov. 19 Nov. 26 Dec. 4 Dec. 11 Dec. 18
Holsteins in Tie Stall Barn
1. 62 60 56 6O 56 60
2. 60 60 56 56 56 60
3. 76 76 72 64 68 64
4. 68 68 68 60 60 64
5. 64 64 64 60 64 64
6. 60 60 60 56 56 50
Brown Swiss in Loose Housing Barn
1. 76 68 64 68 68 60
2. 64 64 68 , 76 68 64
3. 72 84 72 - 68 72 68
4. 68 64 64 60 68 64
5. 76 64 76 ‘ 68 76 64
6. 68 64 68 80 76 68
7. 76 72 68 84 _ 76 8
8. 72 72 76 72 68 64
9. 72 68 72 76 72 68
10. 68 64 76 76 84 68
11. 68 68 68 72 76 72
12. 68 76 72 76 76 68
13. 64 68 76 72 76 8
14. 80 76 76 68 76 68
15. 80 76 76 76 80 2
16. 68 68 72 76 76 69
17. 68 68 72 72 72 68
18. 76 72 68 68 76 68
19. 72 76 68 76 72 68
20. 64

 

 

 

TABLE XI (Continued)

 

 

-._..~——_—____.._. . _____-,_. -__ _

71

 

 

 

 

 

_ _. .—.——.—._._———-

72
52
63
72
68

.. —..-...- -m“ .— .

56
56
-48
56
52
48
52

64
56
56
56
6O
48
6O
52
6O
60

Date
COW' __—._.—--- ,_-, - 4- -- _-- - - .- . .. . -- . . __
No. Dec. 26 Jan. 7 Jan. 14 Jan. 21 Feb. 4 Feb. 11
Holsteins in Tie Stall Barn
1. 64 6O 68 64 76
2. 64 . 43 52 56 52
5. 68 64 68 64 63
4. 63 6O 64 64 63
5. 64 6O 64 68 64
Brown Swiss in Loose Housing Barn
1. 64
2. 6O 6O 6O 48 48
3. 64 68 56 48 48
4. 68 64 6O 48 48
5. 64 64 56 48 48
6. 64 6O 64 56 52
7. 68 68 68 52 52
8. 68 6O 6O 60 56
9. 68 64 72 56 56
10. 64 68 68 52 60
11. 68 68 68 48 6O
12. 68 64 6O 6O 6O
15. 68 64 60 48 6O
14. 64 6O 68 6O 56.
15. 68 64 68 6O 6O
16. 68 64 64 48 56
17. 68 64 6O 48 56
18. 64 64 64 48 52
19. 72 68 64 48 56
20. 68 6O 64 52

6O

 

—_—‘

6O

 

TABLE XI (COE-ITll-IUED)

 

.———... ms__.-.—._..____ . —..-

Hr — ‘ --.w—~-«-..—--.—“‘

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Date
Cow '“ “"" ““““”‘
1’10. FCbo 18 Feb. 25 Ear. 4 mar. 11 hiare 18 Liar. 25
Holsteins in Tie Stall Barn
1. 76 72 72 76 68 68
2. 56 52 48 48 48 48
5. 68 68 72 68 72 8
4. 68 68 72 72 88 6O
5. 64 72 68 72 ‘8 68
6. 72 64 6O 64 64 68
Brown Swiss in Loose Housing Barn
1.
2. 56 56 52 52 44 56
3. 56 48 52 56 6O 56
4. 52 52 56 52 52 56
5. 48 52 48 48 48 52
6. 56 48 56 52 48 60
7. 56 48 56 56 44 6O
8. 56 56 64 60 6O 6O
9. 52 68 6O 6O 48 52
10. 6O 52 6O 56 52 _56
11. 48 52 52 56 52 56
12. 52 6O 56 6O 56 64
15. 56 52 48 48 52 52
14. 64 64 6O 64 68 64
15. 48 48 52 52 44 56
16. 56 6O 6O 6O 6O 6O
17. 60 52 56 52 48 56
18. 56 52 52 56 52 56
19. 56 6O 52 52 52 60
20. 56 52 6O 64 60 56

7h“ —-.

 

 

 

 

INDIVIDUAL COW WEEKLY RfisfianT;CE

TABLE XII

 

 

m“- w . ’~.._ ~_- _

Cow

No. Nov. 11 Nov. 19 Nov. 26 Dec. 4 Dec. 11 Dec. 18

 

Date

fi

 

RaTE DATA

 

 

 

 

~—

 

 

Holsteins in Tie Stall Barn

 

 

’.

 

 

 

 

 

1. 28 28 28 32 28 24
2. 24 2O 28 28 32 28
3. 24 2O 24 28 28 28
4. 24 24 24 28 24 28
5. 28 24 32 32 32 36
6. 24 2O 28 32 28 28
Brown Swiss in Loose Housing Barn
1. - 2O 20 20 16 16 16
2. 2O 2O 2O 2O 16 2O
3. 28 32 2O 2O 2O 24
4. 24 2O 2O 2O 16 2O
5. 24 24 24 28 24 24
6. 24 24 2O 2O 2O 24
7. 24 24 2O 2O 2O 2O
8. 24 24 2O 2O 2O 24
9. 24 24 2O 2O 20 2O
10. 24 24 2O 24 24 24
ll. 24 24 2O 2O 20 24
12. 28 24 2O 24 20 2O
13. 28, 2O 2O 2O 18 2O
14. 28 24 24 28 18 2O
15. 24 24 2O 18 2O 2O
16. 24 2O 2O 2O 18 2O
17. 28 24 2O 2O 2O 2O
18. 28 28 20 2O 2O 24
19. 24 24 18 2O 2O 2O
20. 28 24 2O 2O 20

_www ...->. r.-- .- — 7- -- - A. -,——

_,-’ _u-._. ~-.--_ . _ -—_'. .. .. n“

20

 

71+

 

TABLE XII (Continued)

 

Cow ———~~—-- r —w«~~~—WWV 144HWM_L
No. Dec. 26 Jan. 7 Jan. 14 Jan. 21 Feb. 4 Feb. 11

 

--...A.-—. c.-co.~.4-.~oc-_r——' - -w' .. —'-— ~~- ——~ --—~0--.~—»"

Holsteins in Tie Stall Barn

 

 

l. 24 2O 28 24 2O 2O

2. 24 18 28 24 24 ' 24
5. 24 2O 26 24 24 24
4. 24 2O 28 28 28 28
5. 28 24 26 28 24 28

6. 24 24 26 24 24 32

 

Wb- J—Wau _..,

Brown Swiss in Loose Housing Barn

—-——-- -————.— -..-. -———._—— m ——
— . - --

 

 

--—* u - - ._.~—.

1. l6
2. 16 14 16 16 16 18
3. 18 16 16 16 16 16
4. 2O 16 18 16 16 14
5. 16 16 20 16 16 16
6. ‘ 20 16 20 20 16 16
7. 16 16 22 20 16 14
6. 20 14 18 20 16 16
9. 20 18 28 20 20 14
10. 20 16 20 16 20 22
11. 20 16 16 16 20 16
12. ‘ 16 16 20 20 20 16
13. 20 16 16 16 20 14
14. 24 14 2o 16 16 16
15. 20 16 2O 20 2o 14
16. 16 16 16 16 16 16
17. 16 16 16 16 16 16
16. 16 16 16 16 16 16
19. 20 16 24 16 16 16

20. 18 14 2O 18 2O 18

-v-v..-.——_-—¢'_ . m......—_. __——.. ——.__1._.--_._1_—_---—-__1

 

"ABLE x11 (Continued)

 

 

 

75

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Date
Cow ~~M~~~~—~——~*~- - “w -
No. Feb. 18 Feb. 25 Har. 4 Mar. 11 Mar.18 Mar. 25
Holsteins in Tie Stall Barn
1. 2O 2O 2O 24 24 24
2. 20 2O 2O 22 22 24
3. 24 2O 2O 26 28 28
4. 24 2O 24 22 24 24
5. 24 2O 24 28 28 52
6. 2O 16 2O 24 24 28
Brown Swiss in Loose Housing Barn
1.
2. 16 l2 14 16 16 16
3. 14 16 14 16 18 18
4. 12 14 14 l4 14 16
5. 14 16 14 18 18 14
6. .16 16 14 16 14 16
7. 16 12 12 16 14 16
8. 16 2O 24 16 16 16
9. 14 l6 14 16 14 14
10. 16 l4 l4 16 14 14
ll. 14 14 12 14 14 2O
12. 16 18 14 l6 16 16
13. 16, 14 12 14 l4 14
14. 16 16 14 16 16 16
15. 14 14 l4 l6 14 16
16. 14 18 2O 18 18 18
17. 16 14 14 14 14 14
18. 14 16 16 18 18 18
19. 14 16 l4 16 16 16
20. 18 14 16 16 14 14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

76

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE XIII
INDJVIDUAL COW WEEKLY BODY TEMPEdATURE DATA
Date
Cow '**—**—““*”~""'"‘“' '“ ‘“ “—*“~“**“'
No. Nov. 11 Nov. 19 Nov. 25 Dec. 4 Dec. 11 Dec. 18
Holsteins in Tie Stall Barn

1. 101.7 101.5 100.9 101.3 101.3 101.6

2. 101.4 101.1 100.8 101.4 101.1 101.0

3. 101.5 101.7 101.4 100.5 101.5 101.2

4. 101.9 102.8 102.1“ 101.4 101.7 101.4

5. 101.1 100.9 101.3 100.8 101.7 101.5

6. 101.4. 101.0 101.5 101.5 101.4 102.2

Brown Swiss in Loose Housing Barn

1. 101.9 100.5 100.2 100.2 101.5 99.8

2. 101.1 101.1 99.4 101.5 100.6 100.4

3. 101.5 101.7 101.3 100.8 100.8 100.6

4. 101.3 101.1 100.6 101.1 101.3 101.5

5. 101.9 101.7 101.6 102.0 103.9 102.9

6. 101.5 101.0 101.4 101.2 101.6 101.2

7. 101.0 101.3 101.2 101.7 101.6 99.9

8. 102.0 101.4 101.7 101.6 101.4 101.4

9. 101.7 101.4 100.8 100.7 101.0 100.7
10. 101.4 101.8 102.1 101.9 102.0 101.2
11. 102.0 101.1 101.5 101.8 101.7 101.9
12. 101.8 101.2 100.8 101.5 101.5 101.2
13. 101.6 101.9 101.3 101.0 101.0 101.4
14. 102.4 102.0 102.2 101.8 101.6 101.3
15. 101.8 101.8 101.1 101.3 101.7 101.6
16. 100.9 101.1 101.2 102.2 101.0 101.1
17. 101.8 101.1 100.6 100.3 101.4 101.5
18. 101.7 101.5 101.7 101.3 101.4 101.4
19. 100.9 101.2 100.0 101.5 101.3 ' 101.6
20. 101.4 101.3 101.6 101.6 101.1 101.5

 

77
TABLE x111 (Continued)

1-_-—-_—..___-»-_..___-__— MW.—
..‘— _. .. “-‘40—0“

Date
Cow 4-11.---“ _
No. Dec. 26 Jan. 7 Jan. 14 Jan. 21 Feb. 4 Feb. 11

 

- __ _..__-—_———_-—_-————___ 1‘- __---——-.—.-.--

 

 

 

 

 

 

fl—unw .C—w_-“‘u--.-- . w_--.--_—..-—-u¢_u-. ~1- -.'-

Holsteins in Tie Stall Barn

1.x” -. m‘—--—-‘

 

_. H on .-'-O- f.... .~,1_..———-~.——__-___—_~___ —__ . ___.

 

100.8

 

 

 

1. 101.9 101.3 101.2 101.6 101.6
2. 101.0 100.8 100.9 101.0 100.9 100.5
3. 101.6 101.0 101.0 101.2 101.4 101.4
4. 102.0 101.7 102.8 102.0 102.4 101.4
5. 101.7 101.4 101.0 101.7 101.0 101.2
6. 102.2 101.8 101.5 102.1 101.3 101.1
Brown Swiss in Loose Housing Barn
1. 99.9
2. 101.5 99.8 100.7 100.6 99.8 100.4
‘ 3. 101.1 101.0 101.2 101.3 101.3 100.5
4. 101.4 101.4 101.3 101.5 100.7 100.6
5. 102.0 100.7 101.2 101.2 100.6 101.3
6. 101.1 100.4 101.1 101.4 101.1 101.1
7. 101.4 100.4 100.8 100.5 101.4 101.2
8. 101.3 101.5 101.9 101.6 101.2 101.8
9. 101.1 101.9 101.2 100.3 99.9 101.5
10. 101.6 101.7 102.0 100.9 101.6 100.8
11. 101.0 101.6 101.6 101.3 103.4 100.6
12. 102.0 101.0 101.2 101.1 101.6 100.4
13. 101.5 101.2 101.3 101.4 100.7 100.5
14. 101.3 101.7 101.5 101.4 101.2 100.6
15. 101.2 101.5 100.5 101.5 100.9 100.0
16. 101.0 101.8 101.4 101.7 101.1 101.4
17. 101.4 100.0 100.9 101.2 101.4 100.4
18. 100.8 101.6 101.2 101.7 101.2 101.1
19. 101.1 101.3 101.3 101.1 100.8 101.4
20. 101.5 101.3 101.4 100.6 102.0 101.5

 

TABLE x111 (Continued)

r-._-__- -n..- ._.. v- __.- .1 _ __ ,__ ,

.... --_._. .w.-——‘ __ -_..'..._.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Date
Cow -‘”*"' ‘“ W‘ “’
N00 Feb. 18 Feb. 25 Mar. 4 Mar. 11 Liar. 18 Mar. 25
Holsteins in Tie Stall Barn
1. 101.4 101.5 101.4 101.4 102.0 101.7
2. 100.9 101.6 100.6 100.6 100.8 100.8
3. 101.2 101.5 100.8 101.5 101.7 101.8
4. 101.4 102.4 102.3 102.1 102.6 102.0
5. 101.5 101.2 101.2 101.4 101.5 101.8
6. 100.6 101.1 101.4 101.3 101.1 101.1
Brown Swiss in Loose Housing Barn
1.
2. 100.7 100.0 100.7 99.8 99.9 99.7
3. 100.1 100.3 100.8 100.8 100.7 100.6
4. 101.0 101.2 101.1 101.1 100.9 100.5
5. 101.0 100.9 100.0 102.2' 100.7 100.5
6. 101.2 101.2 101.2 101.2 100.9 100.5
7. 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.8 100.4 100.3
8. 101.8 101.0 101.7 101.9 101.5 101.4
9. 101.4 100.4 100.0 100.4 100.5 99.9
10. 101.0 100.7 100.6 101.0 101.0 100.6
11. 100.9 100.4 100.3 100.7 100.9 100.2
12. 101.2 100.6 101.0 101.1 101.0 101.3
13. 100.9 100.8 100.9 101.2 101.1 101.2
14. 100.6 101.4 101.2 101.0 101.0 100.8
15. 100.9 100.4 100.5 101.0 100.8 100.9
16. 101.4 101.4 103.6 “101.4 101.6 101.5
17. 102.5 100.6 _100.8 100.6 100.3 100.9
18. 100.7 101.4 101.3 101.6 101.2 101.4
19. 100.9 101.4 100.8 100.9 100.9 100.8
20. 101.3 101.0 101.5 100.8 100.6 102.2

 

-«r

o—‘

 

 

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.—_..-.,

 

-.--_—.M--.—‘—.-——-o——. -v—w—v —--v —-.—

 

-..——. .

 

.10.

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