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WW1, “THE WORLD’S FIRST M850 STATION”
A HESTORY

Thesis for the Degree of M. 'A.

MICHIGAN STATE *UNI’V‘ERSlTY
Robert Preston "Rimes
1963 W

  

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LIBRARY

Michigan State
University ,.

ABSTRACT

WJ, "THE WORLD'S FIRST RADIO STATIOH"
A 31570“

by Robert. Itoston Rimes

no pnrposs of this study is to prossnt s systsnstio
umtivs of tho post svsnts which 1“ to tbs sscsbiishnonc
and snbssqnsn: development of mu. "tho world's first son-
nsrcisl rsdio ststion to prsssnc rszuisr dsily programing."

In oddition to so utsnsivs review of the svsilsbis
published iicsrscurs. this work nobodiss taut-ch (ran my
horscotors unpublished incurs. nsnuscripts, docmnts, pro-
gr. logs snd other sonross. It siso includes sipificsns
dots unions in psrsonsl intsﬂiows with brosdcsstsrs who
portisipstsd in tho founding sod/or dsvsloposnt of WW new:
'bsiors upon-tad. ﬂoss inportsntiy. pathsps, is offsgs s
ounshsnsiws dosctiption sad snsiysis o! the scstion's
unqlisbsnu sod dissppoinmnts within tho confines of

l sinxlo covsr.

hobort trooton limos

to fully nonprohond tho honinninzs oi lsdio Btstion
am. it was nooosssry to trsco tho osrly rososroh o1 brood-
sostina pionssrs Jones ”mall. asinrich Karts. Guglislno
Homi. J. A. Ilanins. and Dr. I.» no tor-sot. rho work of
Do lorsst is trsotsd in sons dotsil sincs his contribution
to WJ's birth woo noro dirsot sod mingiul thss tho ottorts
of other osrly rsdio snort-onto".

Honsntous davslopmts wsrs slso node in tho wirslsso
transmission ot signols by ms of tolegrsph nods in Mich“.
prior to tho ioundins of HM. At smrsl port cities. such so
(:1de snd Detroit, wirsloss opsrstors wors st work ssndin;
ossssgos by rodio to ships on tho Grsst Lskos. 0! portionin-
signiiiasnoo in this rsgsrd woo tho work of rhonss Cloth. who
slso plsysd s vitsl rols is convincing tho osnszsosnt oi m
Detroit laws thst o stotion should ho instsliad in m news-
yspsr oiiicss for tho purpose oi sending out lots-braking
bulletins which srriwd too lots to ho inclndod in tho lost
dsily sdition of the laws.

tho grost port of this thesis is dsvotsd to than yours
hstwson August 20. 1920. sod Docsnbor 31. 1962. And. slthough
it is ptinoipslly tho history oi s sinsls ststion, tho prohlsns
ﬂood by WJ. so rsdio woo tronslornod iron o toy to o giant
osussroisl snd odnostionsl tons, on typiosl of tho grouting

point snitorsd by countless outlsts ocross tho notion.

Robert Preston lines

l'hs svolotion o1 progru toasts. schodulos. brood-
osstin; hours. equip-out, snd tho introduction or mobile
bmtlhg. tile solos. ond tho myriad clan-Into Which.
tozsthor. nonstitoto o hrosdnosting stotion. ors roportad
in dotsil.

liosrsphiool notorisl. which dolinosteo tho osroors
of sovorsl outstonding Detroit broodcsstors including: Uillia
!. Scripts. (minder o! WJs sportsosotor Ty tysoo; nswscsstor
C. C. hrodnor; hmoriot Albert Hooks; dronltist no: “hits, and
ootor Wynn Wright. is slso included.

l’inslly. this thesis is devotod extensivoly to tho
outroVorsy oncoming tho priority of stotions. including
tho dissxroonont botween [DEA sod W.) which hos sristod for
yosrs. It is hoped thst new light will be shed on tho sub-
joot by this study ond thst tho question of which ststion
non Jnstly thin to be “tho World's first" hss ham tinslly

”Crﬂdo

Copyright by
HOMER? PRESTON Emmi;
1963

WJ. "rm HORLD'S um RADIO snnon"
A “mow:

3!

Rohort hoston Rimes

A 182315

Sub-ittod to
Hichigsn Ststo Oniworsity
in portiol tuliillnsnt of tho roqnirsnonts
for tho dogroo o1

MASTER W AMS

Dspsrtnont of Rodin snd Tolsvision
1963

f
I
j

Appmgd (JP/V1444 .' MC (/9
HsJor Protsssor

PREFACE

'i'ho porposo oi this study is to doocribs tho svcnts
which lod to the founding. ond tho subsequent dovolopnzont
ot Rodin Ststion W1. Detroit.

Sinco W.) is rogordod by pony oournos within the
connotations industry so ”The World's first hsdio Ststion."
it is illodiotoly oppsroht that o dotoilod sminstion ond
onslysis of its founding is the losicsl beginning in tho study
of consrcisl rsdio brosdcsstinz history.

Assuming thot RH.) is typicsl of stony ststions. it not
tollu thot its growing psins porollol sod roiloct thoso oi
outloto which slushroolssd in tho brnsdcostins iiold during tho
oorly 1920s.

to tho best knowledgs or tho stsii sod unsxsnsnt oi
HWJ. such on oxtsnsivo study of tho stotion's history hos
novsr boon ondsrtston. Boiors this projsct wss hogan only
trsgoontsry. into-inlets, snd soootinos. inscoorsto histotiss
oxiotod.

It is hopod thst this thosis will fill tho argon: hood
for o comprohonsivo history of WJ. ond. in turn, broodcutiu's
wsry beginnings. within tho continoo of s singlo cover.

iii

lt locus thst nasrly ovsry umbsr of tho WJ ststt
hslpod in tho proporstion of this thesis by irooly contributing
iniorosticn. suggestions sod oncoursgmnt. 'i'hmks should go to
thin t. h‘hoslor. Jonso Schisvono. snd Soy-our upotonsky.

Spocisl thanks sro sxtsndsd to tho "Assocists Editors".

to hsnry c. honors sad to say wits, Hsry Jons.

iv

PREFACE .

INTECBUCTIGN . . .

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.

XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.

EARLY EXT;
hikbiﬁfﬂ IN VIC
nILLIAV E. .
WWJ EMERGﬁ"
THE PI? “'1‘ “humid“? .
G‘nhI”G ?‘IN"

‘5 Vivt‘oﬁ 0-; .

ABLE OF CO

1920-1921

2‘.

WV"

hog-my-
A. o Is: ..3

THAT '-ﬂL hF”L V‘ch-19°2

ccwswnmn
THAT .CJILWUL 122-: .221, must 2 .
THE FL? ;.Iv x2 ”I: .
WaiJ JOINS A human. Matt‘s-222:

0L“? CUT LF

Tho haéio Act of 1927
Ty Tyson's First Baseball Broadcast

S-CEII’I‘S CL‘E‘TTZS- TC i-‘Ch’E-Tii

wJ': G;-

A CI 51??!" 37'? if!“

A C UEIT I C!“

“III: KP Cs“;

TJ ClefOIT

11' D ." 1936 o

T'FY

Page
111

11
19
23
31
1+6
62
84
91
98
10“
112

127
135
152
158

T :'.. ‘31 ii" 0 F C ONT 141‘?!" :72

XV I I . Ki; Fit". N RE: i; ('1 EC ST 1:43 . Q Q o Q Q Q

Facsimile and FE
EEJ Goes to War
Toloviaion Comes to Detroit
ETJ Today
XVIII. A 100% IHTO THE FUTURE . . . . .
Radio's Growth Froopooto
The Fabric of th'o History

W

Capone: to tho Roaring Motion in which i: on
born. W: and radio broadcasting bod o quiet. mooning
birth. lot my attended than dulivory on August 20, 1920,
just o (av olooo friend. me had watched Chad intone dowlop
node: the skilled hood: or a law ”not“: oporotoro.” or
"hm.” on tho, or: known today.

Although it. um oil-on: beyond bolt-t ow, w-HJ'o
pot-or. publication. 13;; W m, did no: dovoto 0 single
word to it. ooh-o0 to tho (in: utterances of thin ou found
winch. ohriotaood viral“. telephony. or tactic.

whit. :hooo involud in tho lira: crud. broadcast.
Inn proud of the ow arrival, o complacent Detroit yon-nod
and turned in «union to than "nu-jot" emu o! tho you.

I: no 1920. world Hot 1 bod mood and tho orookor-
barrel diooouiooo turned. no: to radio broadcasting. but
to tho ”rim consequence. of tho 18th and 19th Alcoholic.
Nob. troohly mated, gave women tho right to ”tea-nod
nobody tho right. to ”11 or comm alcoholic bonny-no.

Hm no Ila-no: delirious our hot new oolid ooh "fris-
ontor which oh» porch.“ to: "only $26.50.“ and tilhd

1.

2.
with oitloin otcok at 32 csnto o pound.

Heanwhilo. parlor crovdo gotharcd to play tho popular
game of the day. Fab Jongg, while baocball fans huddled to
debato tho proa and cona at tho "Block Sox"*vorld oorloa
acandal and rocurrant reporto about Preoiaont Hilooo'o
hoalth. On Broadway. Mary Pickford cootcd in "Pollyanna,"
and at tho taco track a boautiful horn nomd Mao-Mar woo
io hio prim.

Who could ho bothorod with ”thio now tanglod inven-
tion.“ radio-on the town rolled down their stockingo and
toioed their hoolinooi

who could atop to listen to those noises "oomin' (too
down at tho new," oo tho nation rooted into a dacada which
began with "blind pig." and "bathtub gin" and which finally

oodod in economic chaos and duprdSIIOﬂ?

W

rho ooodo (or WJ'o oarly growth voro plantad in
nu whoa max-y. motivating with than trononiooioo oi
radio Hana. fond that a otul noodle: could to nogootioed
by tho diocharu from a Loydeo jar}

In 1873. Joooa Clerk Homll, a Scottioh protoooor
o! phyoico. advanced tho theory that light and oloctricity
VIII both Iowa in tho ”Ether.” traveling at tho rota of
186.000 oilao pot oocood.

Following Homll woo Heinrich Rudolph Horto. a
canon protuoor. who actually proved tho oxiotaoca of
radio vavoo.

In 1837...ho abound that clactWtio
uaveo are in coupl-uto accordanco with the WOW.

0! light and hoot. and thereby founded tho theory

upon whichzall modern radio oignallin; dhvioao

aro baaod.

Ba aloo built tho firot trooooittar and tocaivor and

not on olactrical iopuloo acrooo a room

which a young inwntor in Italy hoard about Horto'a

 

IWWMItm." E15: iglggegia W (lo ad...
1957) 9°1o XVIII. Po 535o
3mg.

3.

‘-
lauouo upon-cot. ho uodmhtodly matched that it radio
moo could to not acrooo a tool, why couldn't they be
out acroaa this Atlantic?

In 1396, Gugliolno Mortal lodaod hio
application for tho Sirot Iritioh patont tor
lltolull tomography.

Afton: building a tranooitto: in England. Kamooi. in

1301. tailed to: Untoucdlaod vhoro ho cooottuctod a racoivar.
At loot tho fateful day to: tho down-ant

arrived. narcooi adjuotod hio oorphooao and

uoitad toooaly. Acrooo tho ocoao a dyoouo

thin“ and I telegraph hay tappmi out gthruo

doto. Mono code to: tho latter: "5". hith tho

opood of light. tho oianol looped tho Atlantic

and Marconi hoard throo ohort buoua in hit ‘

hoadoat. Tram-Atlantic broadcaating had hogan:

Tho toot groat contribution to radio caoo tro- J. A.
Ila-in; o! England. to 1904. ha adaptod tdiooo'o light bulb
to detect radio aigoalo.

tlooioa'o tuba woo the oo-callod too-aim:
tobo. moiotinz o! an ooodo- and a cathode in on
ovoouotod bulb tillod with too goo.
l’hio. aoid tho oourto in ﬂow York. woo tho font-mo:
of tho .odot'o radio tutu. But it minod to: Loo no Iotoat

to add tho final third oloaoot to tho tuba. ”tho :rid,” in

“J

 

 

’m-

‘Grctta Dakar. "Radio Couoo at Ago,” m
Wm cu. 22. m5. 9. s,

’4. A. Flu-ins. ummnzgmnmm. (undo-s
the Uirolooo Pruo. 1921) p. 331.

5.
”dotting tho "audion" oo an iootmont (or mounting. oo
woll oo dotacting. radio oigoolo. Up to thio tine all no-
moo had boon not in not“ coda. tho "audioo" nodo it
poooihlo to traoooit tho huoao voice.

And although all of tho aorly mermanta poriomd
hoot-toot functiona in the dowloplont of radio broadcaoting.
it woo tho work of. Loo Do Poroot which had tho noot profound
and looting attact m tho founding of WJ.

ho roraot woo born in Council Blutto, Iowa. ouguot 26,
it”. “tho oon ot acnry Swift and Anna mraarot tobhioo
Do ”root. Bio tothor woo a oioiotcr whooo dooiro it woo to
hovo hio ooo follow his in tho oano protcooion.

Early in hlo boyhood. hia fathor boom
proaidont at tho Collogo (or tho Colorod at

Iallodoga, Ala” what-o tho boy wao oMnnod

by tho othat which hoya bccauoo o1 hia tathor'o

teaching of hagrooo.

Doing lonaly, young Do Forcot oarly boom
intorootod in cxpcrinooting with crudo toola.

ha dcoiznod a new {on got» and built a loco-no-

tivc out o! pino hoardo and harrola. wort-

ohop woo tho too- dooignod for (moralo.

Alto: ottoman; Mount Hermon School for loyo. ho entered
Shottiold Sciontitio School. Yale, what-o ho corollod in tho
iitot couroo in olectricity to ho ottorod in any Aurican col-
logo. Bo woo groduotad with the dust“ or Bochalot o: Scionco

in 1896, and took hio Ph. 0.. aloo at Yolo, thruo ycaro lator.

 

' "'le Do l'oraot. 87. Iadio Picador. via, "1312.
121mm July 2. 1961. pp. 1 and 32.

6.
torrowinz $50. ho out out for Chicago, whora ho
obtain“ a job with tho waotorh lloctric Company. After
working houro. Do Foroot and a triond. Edwin Sn'ytho. expor-
ilontod in a amall hall bedroom, jomud to tho door with
wirolooo apparatuo.

Thoir laboro rooultod in tho invonticn oi
a radio rocoivar, min; on oloctrolytic dotoctor.
which «do poooihlo tho noo ot headphonoo tor
wirolooo Icooagoa.

Ihio woo Do Foroot'o iirot patcnt, and it
soda his a clooo competitor of lvforcoroi. Othor
invention involving new principloo in wiralooa
dotoctioo ooon brought him to that front in tho
wirelcoo field and earned hio a imputation in
tho Unitodftatoo comparablo to that of Marconi
u 23m90o

in 1906, Do roroot torgad tho final link in a la;
chain of invontiono. Bo woo grontod a patent for a mum

rootilior or audioo.

in tho oaoo yoor. Goo. E. II. C. Dunwoody diooovorod
tho roctityin; proportion of carton-uh- oryotalo. and Pictord
laud oioilar proportiao in oilioon cryotalo. later hood in tho
thou honunodo "cryotal ovum."8

Aloo in l906 cola anothor oilootono in
rodio hiotory. the tint voico tranoniooicn.
haioald Found-u opoko ovor a tronooittar aa

Chriotnoa Eva, uoios a; ordinary tolcphmo in-
otood at o oiorophono.

7xbid. .
”W "gamma, Vol. xvm. p. 385.
”mar. mm W. ,. s.

7.

Do l'oroot'o oooioo toho too a vorootilo iootruant.
ha diooovotod. lot only did it vootly immo roooptioo in
virolooo tologrophy. but. with odoptatioo. it could oxtono
tolophono omiootioo oorooo tho notion and nodulato tho
voice for virolooo telephony trmmiooiono.

To amtrato ito oootulnooo. Do Poroot obtainod
poniooioo to oroot o radio-tolaphooo tronooittor at tho Nov
York Hotmpolitn Open ﬂouoo. Ho plaood tvo liorophoooo at
tho lootlixhto on otago.

It woo 1909. [Soon ooorooo gin tho dato
oo Dom, 1903, othoro oo 1910] The occooioo woo
tho opening night of Enrico Camoo in "covallotio
M‘Lﬂmo u

“rhio trooooiooioo of tho voioo oi Caruso."
Do torso: told yoaro later. "woo tho firot brood-
oaotin; oi moio othor thou phonogroph oaiootiooo.
it woo a not. night. and 1 hod invitod om hall
o dooon irionda ono coworker-o to lioton to tho
opera ot lay hm. Coruoo aon; probobly to tho
mlloot oudioooo of hit ooroor. Tho mic m
obotruotod now am than by otatio diotorbonooo.
but tho notoo oi tho great oingar'o voice voro
oloar one hoautitul. Although only a to! moan
ood ohip oporotoro had heard the oporo, to know
that it had boon a ouooooo.”

Boing tho inventor oi tho oooioo tuba vaa not vithoot
ito problou. oo Do Foroot oooo diooovorod.

Tho oudioo itooli woo tho oobjoot of a
tooooo lavouit in tho Fodorol ooorto hero, in

 

“who Do ror'aot. 87. Radio Pioneer, Dion," 212’.
mum July 2, 3.961. pp. 1 ond 32.

litizatioo with tho Marconi Company. in which
tho court held thot the origin of tho oudioo
could be traced directly to the ﬁlming valvo,
o rodio rectifier inVﬁtod botoro tho oudioo
by pro Jo Ao 'lamo

lo 87 yearo, ﬁe Foreat hover roopod tho lull tinanoial
bonoiito of bio work. Ho oquondorod tour iortuooo ad warriod
tour tiooo. in 1936. ha tilod a voluntary petition in bank-
ruptoy. lioting liobilitiao of olmoot $400,000 and auto of
3390.12

But. for all of bio erratic behavior, Do Foroat did
Into a tangiblo contribution to 3. ho founding of t’tJJ. to ho
lator recoil-ad:

Tho threatening wor cloudo. oorly in l917.
oauaoo tho abut-down for two yoaro of my brood-
oooting octivitieo, ood ohortly aftur tho ban
on my High Bridge ototioo woo again lifted, in-
torioranco by thio. and ito imitator ototion.
with Hovy Comunioatiooo around Row York prooptod
tho olort and ooolouo Government Radio inopootor
to concol our pioneer liconoo, on tho theory that
"than woo no roan in tho other for ouro antar-
“11.30:...“

Dnohlo to broadoaot himoalf, Do Fox-oat dooidod to
o-oiooturo hio oooll trononittor and diotributo it throw:

on agent company which would aloo inotoll tho ototiooo. Radio

Bowo ood Ruoio woo ooiectod to oorkot tho oquipuont ond ito

 

11M’0 P. 1' ”woo Po 32o

“‘79:. Do Foruot Hallo Pioooorin; of iu'n'J." 1133
W! ‘Q““ 21o 1936o ’0 l-

9.
proaidont C. 8. Thoopoon travolod tho country trying to loooo
the tronomitting aquipmont.

Than it woo that wy loyal oniooary. Claranoo
Tho-pooo, hogon to proonlyto onong nowopopor ownoro
in tho heat and south to purohaao and install
rooio brooocooting tronomittoro, for tho editorial
odification of tho rapidly swelling number! of
liotanoro around ovary largo cityj‘wigro tho ”hon"
virno woo olruady beconing opidonio.

After bolas turnod down tima and ogoin, Thompoon
arrivod in Detroit in 191? and found o raoponoiva ouotonor
in.Hillion E. Scrippo, than vice-proaidont of tho Evoning
EowI.Aaaociation. Aa an Foroat iamxnbotod it:

hone, however, could be internatsd in to
chimerical an iooonnono until William E. Soriopo,
now prooidont of the Detroit Rows, woo approachod.
Bio tor-oeoing vioion woo quioisto grooP tho poooio
bllltlul dormant in thio idol.

And othero followed ouit.

Othor nonopoporo worn not long in tho rsali.
notion of tho poooibilitieo for clooor, more
intioote, approach to their public. which thia

. pionoor axonplo of Tho Detroit ﬂown had out thou.

Thin nonvoloua podium, tho Radio. Which
woo once draodod at a rival. now rovnolo itoolf
to ho on invaluablo, irruplaooahlo ally in tho
great Hark of igfovming tad nducatin; tho*llltol
o! tho pooplo.

But no Foroot did not woit {or radio hroadnooting to

“I! in ”E! .1
l6Addrooo by Dr. loo Do Pornot. Radio Station H"J.

III: 2.53.2.5 £25.- IWBU“ 20. 193°. 9. l.

10.

take ohapo. In 1921, ha loft hio laboratoriuo in how York and.
tailed (or Comny. Thorn ho ioolotod himself to portaot
Molina. tho name given to hio inwntion for noting talking

not ion pic. turoa . 1'7

 

17
Geo otto Corn ol $9959ng ﬁg“ new tort:
ﬂorooo Livorigttzt, 1910):“): 97 and It.“ (

 

Thu-1‘ thonpoon propoool to loo" or purchaoo o
Do Foroot trononittar in 1919 no» oo no snot ohoch to
Willioo E. Scrippo. a. nod hio fothor. Jon-zeo E. scrippo,
had been otuoyins tho prog'rou of wirolooo in Kiohigon
.135. 1902o
Thai: tutor woo a loan. intonoo young notroit in-
vontor. Thoooo 2. Clark. It woo Clark. probably noro than
Thonpoon or Do For-not, who oonvinnod Million 2. strippo
that tho ﬁatroit hm ohould ootoblioh o brooooooting otation.
Aa oarly ao 1901. Cloth told Jmo I. Sorippo. tom-
oor of m Em. and hio ton:
rhotioowillomwhooyonwillovoo oit in
your living roo- and to ontortoinoo by ouoio phyod
thouoondo of oil» owoy. lion will talk oorooo
countloaa niloo o! waoto and watorz. natiooa will
ho drown olooor tozothnr hooouoo, through thio

now diﬁovnry. thoy will bottor udorotaoo oooh
9538315

no it woo lotor ooid of Clark:

Io ono in Dotroit will tako grottor prido in
on: than tho wirnlooo wiurd Thoooo 2. Clark. for
it woo ho who gonorotoo within tho lato Jaooa E.

“Hanoholl mu. "Event of 1902 m Up a mad."
m m hm. Anzac: 20. 1930. 9- 15-

ll.

12.

Scrippo...tho opark oi intonoo intoroot in tho
voot potantiolitioo oi virolaoo oomnnioatims.19

Born in "indoor. mtorio. Conada, in 1.867. Clark
woo ll yooro old when ho owed to Datroit with hio fooily.
a» ottoodoo Hoodlum Public School ond oolo mpoporo to
oarn ontro opondins oonoy.

in 1883. ho roooivod hit tirot Job with tho Detroit
tlootrio Eorko and tivo yooro lotor ho loit hcoo for a pooi-
tioo in tho oxoorinontal dopartwont oi Gonoral tloctrio in
schoooctooy. low York. Hhilo in Chicago with tho Moral
lloctrio oohihitioo at tho notation txpooitioo. in is”.
ho not and woo inprooood by likola roola. tho brillint
Sorhian-Aaorioao. who woo conducting trudo oxporioonta in
tho now layotory. "virolooa tolography.”

I "I woo trmndouoly oocitoo." ho oaid.

“And i ruohod hack to Schwoctody to rig up

a 'hickoy‘ thot would throw 'othor wowo'

through opoco, which I holiowod would rovolu-

3.21:;2mﬁgtion. My oquaiotmcoo collod

Clark rotor-nod to Dotroit in 1896 to nonutootnro
oloctrical oquinoont m to opond nuoh tioo on Iollo lalo.
whoro, (no (to- "Intorioro'noo," ho could oxporioont with

tonoins ond roooivins ooto. And whilo ho toilod at tho

 

195501“ Wood, Who'o Who.“ m 2255235. 1231.
loans: 20, 1955. p. 12.

“on.

l3.
tolurophor'o code. trying to aim procticol opplicotioo oi
tho principlco o! wiroleoo. pmlo on tho Detroit Rivor
trout ouploiood thot hio wiroluo iotarfarud with their
tolophoooo.

Although ohoorvoro ooh opploud hio geniuo ood vioiou
our. Clark'o oootonpororioo oooiiod ot hio apart-soot. and
diniooad hill oo o armor.

“There gooo 'Wirolooo Clork.’ " thuy would
toy. "Ba thinko ho coo toll: through tho oir with-
out wit-n." Thoir ooiloo oi pity woro poorly
hidden.

1

Attor oxhonotivo tooto hod proud to Cloth that hit
oquip-oot could hurl nooogoo into opooo ot incrediblo opud,
ho opprooohod Senator Jmo HcHilloo io 190l. A prooinont
ood woolthy Dotroitor. Hal-{illo- owood tho Dotroit h Clow-
lood Navigation Canny. which ooilod pooooogor booto ho-
twooo the two citioo. Clark prooantod o template plan to
”chill“ tor equipping hio hooto with wirolaoo outo.

"rho omtor ground the idol inodiotoly,“
ﬁr. Clark ooyo. ”no gov. tho order for quorturo
to ho iittud up for on operator on the old City
It Detroit. And he par-ittod no to ootohlioh our

load ototioo on tho wotoriroot our Woodward
ovoauo. ‘

 

11m“ 1.. tally. "Biotory oi Bodi. in Hichizoo."
ﬂagginhiggo aiotog minim, Vol. xxx (Hintor Mir.
£931). Po ‘0

”ms.

lo.
whoa oll woo in rudinooo. o oodo oooooso woo not
in. tho oiddlo of mo trio.

"m: oyotoo woo ontiroly cut ond try.”
Cloth rawboro. lot tho noxt doy, Hr. Mohillon
oooiimod tho odourocy oi tho uooogo, ood
tro- thot tioo our wireleoo woo o pomnoot
tiaturo on tho D 6 C hooto until ﬁll who: tho
oquipeoot of tho Cloris Hirolooo Company woo
ordorad removed in iovor oi United Hirolooo.
o otock-aollins orgonizotioo iomd on o noth
ooolo.“‘1

with hio tromittinz oquipuont pioroins tho ototio
of tho Groot Lokoo ohoord tho 9 I: c booto. Cloth orrongud o
outing in 1902 with ooothor poooihlo ﬂotatiol hochor of
hio otporioaato. Jun 8. strippo.

Ao cloth aloud. tho oditor ooooidorod how ’
hoohoro ood m in tho otrooto ohooh their hoodo
whoa tho young onthuoioot'o nooo woo oatiooed.
virolooo tologrophy woo «:17 o orudo oxporiu—mt,
oopoblo of mating only ovor ohort diotoncoo.
Thoro wore thooo who ooid it now: would oocoood;
thot it woo moony. inpoooiblo. tho droo- o£ o
(lighty broioo-ond oaoro importonﬁy. o thins lo
which no ooooy ohould ho riohod.

Finally, Sorippo and hio ooh Uilliol 8. ogrood to
ottood o privoto mutation of the now oyotu. Attor
hoorios wirolooo moogoo tronooittod botwooo Clori'o lob-
_ orotory in tho loft of tho old honor Lomdry. oppooito
tho proooot Shanta-Guilloo hotol. to o mowing outlo-

”his.
“um. 12:. mm; £911.. “on" 20. ma. ... u.

l3.
loootod two ohort blocko my in tho Choohor o! Co-oroo
landing. ot Stoto ood Griowold otrooto. tho older Borippo
ood hio no ”god improoood.
Uhilo tho youogor Scrippo ooooinud o dropory to
mot-toil whothor o oocond oporotor Ilﬂh: bo hidden bohiod
it. tho older Scrippo toot oooothiog iro- hio pookot ood

boa- writing.

Tho young iomtor oot ootioolooo. not dorm
to hopo thot tho oorotchios of tho pa in tho oditor'o
hood mot onything to his.

And thou Strippo turned to you; cloth and hold
out to his o loos olip of popor. rho invootor rooohod
tor it with troubling iiogorouit woo o chock tor
$1.000.

"Toto it. yum; non.“ tho oditor inoiotod. "l
thiohyouhovoogood idoo thorooodiwootyooto
hovo owory opportunity to do who: you on with it.

1 don't ooro whether i own ooo tho moy oxoin-I‘0
it io my littlo tit toword holpiag o littlo idol
booooo o biz, worth-whilo foot."

in tho intorvooing yooro botwooo tho cloth Motto-
tioo in l901 ond tho wioit to Dotroit by Woo in 1919,
wirolooo tologrophy in tho Croat Lotto region grow with not-
in; opood. in moo. o ototion, oquippod to omiooto io
oodo with tho ohipo on tho lokao. woo ootobliohod io Clonlood.

Groot mourogo‘ooot woo given tho ootorprioo
thoro by tho iota Corrioro oooociotioo. ood by 1909
thoro wore tolegroph ototiono in tho principol port.

on oil tho lokao with oquipnont go booto out oi
Detroit, Cleveland, no oufiolo. °

251539

261(‘11?’ Thai Ck .a aszson gowargno, V01. XXI
(iintor humour, 1937), p. .

16.

With tho otiwluo providod by tho ohip owoaro.
ordioory oitioaoo. in mll ounboro. turood to tho oyotory
oi ooioooo which ollowod ow: to ootroct cod-id ooooogoo iroo
‘h‘ oir.

‘ Wtu‘ “‘IﬂMCooohmn 1909 m tgl’ooo
woo thot exortod by o group oi rodio oothuoiooto
known oo "onotooro” or "homo." For tho loot port.
thoy wot-o youtho oi high oohool ogo who hod coo-
triwod ootonnoo in tho but yordo oi thoir hoooo.
Thoir wiroleoo ohooko woro loootod in o oporo rooo
or in tho ottio. And ior my oi tho roiinooooto
now in uoo in rodio broodcootiox. tho ioduotry wot
thonh too-o boy'o ouriooity or o ohip'! rodio oporo-
tor drivoo to invention by oaooooity. 7
Di couroo, my ioilod to roolioo tho oltiooto iuoo-

tioo oi tho wirolooo tolophooo, or rodio. lootood oi onio;
o low oouooooot ootorprioo ovoiloblo to owory hm without
thono, om oi tho oorly Hiohisoo orporioootoro omiood
tho oo-ooroiol opplicotioo oi wiralooo in pointotrpoiot
omiootioo ood ooooidorod tho poooibility oi ito oli-ioot-
in; tolophooo torvioo by wire.

tho iocrooood tutor oi mtwr oporotoro woo opurrod
oar-who: by tho rooootio tolo oi Jock tiooo. tho rodio oporo-
tor who woo tho horo oi o groot uritioo dioootor in 1909.

who: tho otomr florido oollidod with tho

Republic oii tho liootockot Lightohip during o

hoovy to; on Jun. 23. 1909. Mono otuoh to hio
poot ood oootiouod to and out diotrooo collo

“u“ , V 4

2’;bta.. p. 10.

17.

until ho ”nosed to bung, usiotonu to tin
dioohlad ohtpo.

l’ho otory 01 how he oovod shout 2,000 limo
woo widely published in the newspapero of the
Halted Stoteo, Ind tho oppuol of tho circumstances
it dalotlb‘ed woo amoral. In motor to tho ra-
oultlng diamond for more information on tho too-
clnoting oubjoct of virolooo the matron rm.
printed ochomotu warm for the: mtour oporo-
tor; and ”33 tho took- of than bod moron“
anomaly.

Aloo following that cloth oxporlooot. Hllllon I. Scrim'
totoroot grow. Smco both ho ond Clark lived in tho om
notion of tho city. they not otton to talk shout radio. Io
loot, Strippo loornod tho telegraph.oodo and took great do-
light to wading ond mum; Virololl moons“.

Ao‘ Billion E. Ecrlppo tolkad mom and. more shout
wirolooo. hLo ton Hlllloto J. olso began to take on interoot
to todlo and urged bio tathar to buy has I virolooo outtlt.

On one of bio tripo to Ram York, Billion B.
Box-typo bought tho donned oquipmmt and 1t woo
inotollod on the: oocood floor of the Scrlppo homo.

rho boy'o tototuotioo to: gthlo ow “toy“
know no bouodo. Be "not houro at hie key, and
ooro houro llotaolns, for tho voiooo thot he old
road would cm to hi.- “out at tho air.“ mo
ouht his potato hoozd his mom; dmotolro
“ lull Ipaﬂdo

”Fothor! Pothor!" ho oriod bruthloooly.

"l hoard voice” two up «Ind Intonwhun'y odor-o
lt to too late!"

“I an no oxeitod as Bill woo.” : cuppa
ohlttod. "I need no thou. clamped too on:-
than“ to my hood ond liotoood. lo out to tho

 

25
.m~

18.

too- dot-«I ooko o oouod. And thou 1 hard too

or throo wot—do» not ord ' vordo tho voro
but ha thoy thr lloo no!“ 17 . y

I didn't know who opoko than! had no
idoo to who. thoy voro oddrooood or toolly
ohot thoy nooot. but I did know thot o voioo
had mo to so through tho othor-u-tho tirot l
bod hootd. light thou I tooliood thot groot
thiuo vould oooo oooo doy tron thio ooioooo
by which one could toll: to oooh othor vithout
tho uoo o! vioo.

"tho thought ottuoh no thot it m“ In
moot iotorootioa for toodoro at tho Em it no
iootollod o rodio broodcootiog oot in tho
otiioo ood not out oouo ooooto. l'ho ooto I
thought obout it. tho ooro oonvincod I no thot
tho Dotroit lotto not to tho iirot umpopor in .29
tho country to hovo o rodio broodcootiu outfit.’

than thou goooutiooo of tho Sorippo {nily bod
o-ploo tho thrill o1 rodio trooooiooioo-anoo 3.. Billion
to ‘3‘ W‘ “£111. Jo

 

23’hort, IRE”. W gong, Auguot 20, 1930, 9. l5

11W

Ono Ill. tho loto Uillion h. Scrippo, only rightfully
bo tolloo tho iothot oi m). And hocouoo oi hio vioioo. hio
Ibo-o ohould to added to tho liot which include. Cloth.
no toroot, Conroo ond othoro who pioooorad tho broodcooting
ioduotry.

In on otmoophoto olmt hootilo to hio tiukorinso
with outmohiloo ond oirplonoo, on otnoophoro in which other
ouhoro oi rho Detroit hovo hoord oi diroctoro ooriouoly
quootinod tho oxpoodituro oi ooy groot Mono oi many to:
tho purchooo oi tronooittin; oqoipooot, acrippo youiotoo.

W3 voo tho btoio child oi ﬁillioo i. Scrippo.

ooo oi tho iomdor oi 'iho hm...lt no not hio

only "iitot" in Detroit. no mod tho iirot onto-

Iohilo in Dotroit outoido oi tho oxporinootol

notion. And ho mod tho iirot oirplooo...Will

Strippo night hovo boon ono oi tho ootoootivo

{into thot sovo Detroit ito iooo. Bo woo o

horn nochonio. But hio iothor iooiotod thot

ho iolloo tho iooily trogétioo ood min in

tho Mliohio; buoioooo.

Although Jonoo B. Botippo. Uillia'o iothot. hoo iouodod
‘l'ho Dotroit loco. tho prooidoocy oi tho poi-oat ooolpouy. rho
toning Ion Aooociotioo. uoo hndod to o ooo-io-lov, coorgo

tooth. rothor thou tho no. to Vito-pmidoot oi ‘l‘ho 2min;

 

”muni- u. Bingoy. 95, m 1 m (to: York: lobho-
Howl“. 69o. 19"). ’o 226.

1.9.

20.

News Association in 1920, Scripgo, of course, had a substantial
voioo in tho naJor corporate decisions.

But Booth ruled the organization and it who only by
shear strength of persuasion that Scricgc convinced the com~
pony that an investment should be made in tho to Forest
transmitter.

George Booth dominated everything ho
was ever associated with and son Will didn't
have much chance to do anything. And no, he
did nothing...

It was not until i?29 that Pooth, non
dovctinn all his tremcnaoua enervion to his
Arte and cience foundation, [Crunbrook] ro-
linquiehcd the rains and the con of the founder
ouccoedad his father. 1

The radio station was his.3

Scripps, by nature, was a quiet, modest man who adrcitly
avoided the snotlignt. As ono writer charactnrized him:

#8 a youth, the dhwning unchanlcul age
fascinated his. ﬁe...pioneered as his own
pilot, learning the art of flying clmoat by
instinct and without asny inetruction...o
local sensation as he flew over the City
until bin fhaily forced him to desint [after
I near fatal crash at Lotroit City Airport.]
80 it was with radio.

To those who knew him intimately, ho
was a gtntle, considerate and warmly kind
friemd.32

hilliar S. Toriopa was born hay 6, 1882 a, in the old

Scrippa home on.Trumbull avenue in Eotrcit. Ho attended

 

31xbad.

32'Aa we Pea It-u-williac E. crinps,' The Detroit
Free trons, June in, 1952, Editorial Eage. '"‘”"‘

 

ll.
Caaa high achool and nth-r academies. but abandonad his tonal
adnoation to Join hia father in tho publiahina Minna.

Although ha no. associated with his father’a newspaper
to: 56 yearn and finally became President or the nova in 1929,
Journaliaa on not bia ml love.

Ba vaa primarily an engineer and, had In

follwad hia natural inclination. probably would

have ham hips; all hia life in a laboratory or

nachina chop.

Iaiora bio death, Juno 12. 1952, of a napiratory ail-ant,
ho had Nu involvad in an almat unbaliavahlo number at mohani-
aal pajaota. Aa not“. in 1912, ha pnuhuod tha iii-at privataly-
and airplane in Datroit and taught binacl! to fly it.

lama oi hia love for power boata, which be otton raced,
ho organiaad tho Sarina Motor Coup»). one of tha nation'a
fiaoat carina angina manufacturera. Ha built a 35-foot boat.
”01'“ by no of hia notora, and alnoat aailad it to Ruaaia
but." hia family intervened.

Bndar hia diroction, The Early bird, a plan. uaod by if.”
topthar nova atoriea, flaw 85,961 mile“ on 141 asoimenta
“ring “36. ita iirat year of narration.

' 8a tailed prize Aberdeen ingua, built the Scum-Booth

tutor Car, and managed, and amtinoa iinancad, otbar inventim.

 

33W. ‘0 3931?”... 29.9. wm Juno no 1952.
Editorial Pogo.

22.
01 couraa, hia aroateat, nont laatinz, accomplishment,

was tho founding and aubaaqnent development of‘RWJ.

 

h‘hon tho govorn-ont trmo on radio bxoadeaotin;
oqoipont woo littod in 1919, Gorippo mod aviltly to
ooooinoo hio aooooiatoo on tho batroit Rm board oi
dirootoro that a audio; and moivins aot ahould bo
porohoood and inotollod in tho lowo building.

to oid in tho explanation oi tho problano involvod
in tho wontoro, Scrippo turned to hia kind, to. Clark.

tho mollootion oi Thoma I. Clark, who

naintainod a clooo iriondohip with tho Sorippo

tally. io that about 1919, willian B. Scrippo

talked with his about tho motto: of purchaaing

a trananittor. Clark woo invited to a noting

oi tho Dotroit hows board of diroctoro to pro-

oont tho ideasgnd oxplaia tho principloo of radio

tMUmo

m corporato nioutoo of tho ironing llama Aoaociation
do not contain a notation o1 Clarh'o appurmo boioro tho
board. 02 oouroo, tho antrioo aro vory torao and, oa a
nattor of fact. all o! tho board dooioiooo rooohod in tho
throooyoar poriod, 1918-820. occupy -ly oovan pagoo oi the

5..“ journal.

 

”Cynthia Boyoo Young, “WW-Pioneer in Broadcaotinx.“
mmmw “1- 1L”- M'ﬂb‘ro 1960. P- “3-

23.

25.
Roconotruoting tho oonvoroation which occurod botwoon
Clark, Sorippo, and tho othor board nonboro, it io quito
poooiblo that it followed thio pattern.
Hthat oholl wo ooo for broadcaoting‘!" tho
board oi directoro ookod.
And William E. Sorippo, than vice-prooidont
oi tho board, onoworod:
"b'owo bulletino."
"And than-o?" tho board mboro quoriod.
"Houoohold information by our oditoro,"
replied ”Io Scrippl.
"But will people lioton to tolko all dry
1mg?" ho woo oohod.
"Probably not." ho anoverod. "But no will

entertain than, too, with room-dingo gt than
world'o great voiooo and orrmeatrao.J

it to known that strippo' plan to porchaoo tho trono-
nittor woo givm an icy reception by tho board, but ho woo
nndoontod and ho oont Clark to how York to purchaoo tho
noooooary oqoipnont. Clark, uniortunotoly, woo moccuoiul
in obtoinin; o trononittor ond ‘rho Rm lotor node ito own
tranoaotion. ~

in mid-1919, Sorippa again odvonood bio propoool to
tho board, thio tine noro oloarly defining tho purpoooo oi
o tranonittinz otation. Ho auggootod thot tho equipment

could bo oonotructod by Tho roclo Company oi Detroit.

 

”Robert Kelly, and Edwin G. Boyoo, "In tho Public in-
toroot,“ o Biotory oi the Radio Aotivitioo oi tho Detroit ﬂown
iron 1920 to 1961 (Typowritten manuscript, mm rileo), p. 10.

25.
PURPOSE OF THE DETROIT KENS RADIO most

to pronota, dovolopo Loin], md anconraso tho noo
oi radio in nmpapor rorh.

to provido:

tint; a rolioblo nova oorvioo for all ohip and
thou ototiono oi tho great lokoo raglan.

Sooold; Hoathor bullotioo

third; A ooano ior publication oi ohip pooitiooa
I‘mﬂ.o

Fourth; Concorta and entertain-onto in: tho abovo
nanod otationo.

Iiith; A roliablo mono ior broadcaoting ouch
information ao nay bo oi boniiit [sin]
to navigation or tho voriooo land ototiono.

Sloth; A moo to improvo auteur radio. Thio it
to bo providod by publiohin; data on in-
provonanto, and tho availibility oi occur-
on tuning inotrunanto.

Station io to ha in chargo oi o oonoroial iirot

grado oporator. or oporotoro. Station will bo upon

tor a linitod tino oooh day which will bo ohanaod

ao io imd noooooary.

 

lo ordor that tho abovo nay bo carried out
to tho but oi our ability, wavo lonztho botwoon
600 and l,600 notor- aro noooooary. Ao thora 1o
wary littlo naval buoinooo in thio region. thooo
wm longtho ohoold bo grantod.

rho boot oquiptnont [air] that can bo oo-
oorod will bo nood thru-out tho oration.

rho tolophono transnittor io to bo o
throo kilowatt oot dooignod and built accord-
ing to tho human oi Standardo report on radio
phoooo, and the General Elootrio opcoiiiootiono
ior thair radio phono, typo C. G. “000. Said
tolophooo [tratmittorjj to bo oonotructod by
rho toola Company, Detroit, Michigan.“

 

3W. t. Sorippo, Purpooo oi rho notroit Mo Radio
Phono, interoffico mono, 1919. (Inoocoroto punctuation io
oootoinod in original copy). p. l.

26.
happily ior Sarina, thio plan woo approvod with a '
aioxlo motion. Kathar than having tho iaola Company
aaaﬂla tho tranaoittar. it would to ioaaod by W.) iro-
Do toroot Radio ‘iolophano 6 ‘iolograw Company through ita
aunt. Radio Iowa and Mic. Incorporated.

WM oooo into ooiotonoo through a contract
Iado by tho Dotroit two with tho Radio hm and
Halo Co... oi he! York. oorly in 1920 (April).
Dodo:- that oootraot a mil broadcaatios oot
oanuiacturod in tho Do ioroot highbridgo labora-
torioa ooo ahippod to Dotroit in May.

'i'ho contract with Radio Em and Mic. a
iiro oompoaod oi C. 8. l'hoopaon and John F. aubbo‘rd.
providod that tuboa ooro to bo iuroiohod to WJ
oithout oxtra char-go. For aooo roaaoo. tho tuboa
bur-nod out with ouch iroquoooy that loot of tho
may roooivog iron rho Detroit Iona wont to tho
Do l‘oroat Co. 7

tho loaoin; oi tho oquipuont iron Radio 8m and moio
brought both ahort-rango and long-ranso oiaory to ‘l’ha Dotroit
I".

in a lotto: datod Juno 2. 1920. Radio um and tonic
adviood m into:

‘l'bo third. and iiool. ahipoont oi tho
apparatua ior oiroioao tulophona traoaoittioa
atatioo oao ahippod to your addroaa today by
tho Do tor-oat Company at our ordor.

thia Coopany haa arrangod with Hr.

Kiohaol D. Lyona. ooorotary oi tho Datroit
Radio Aaoooiatioo. 663 Groon auoouo. for tho
ioatailatioo oi tho apparatoa. Elia inatruotiooo

 

37c. s. rump-on. mmmmummmm
(loo York: Snodloy Proaa, 1931) quotod in I121 mu, Em;

Doc-bor- 21. um. p. l.

27.

ior tho inatoliation aro contained in tho
hon holding tho tranonittor. ahippod to
you iron tho iactory on Hay 28th...

‘1'. tau-rho inatallatioo ahould not
roqoi” oora than a day or two at tho out--
.‘ﬂo

Uniortunotaiy, thia tranaoittor woo loot in tho oaiia

and a oocond ona woo oonotruotad by Do toroot and ahippod.

Sinco tho traoooittor ahippod Hay 28th
hao not yet boon locatod, tho Radio Howa and
Huoic Company ia audios another radiophono
tranonittor July 15th.

Ho ara wory lorry that thio dolly hot
tokon placo and wiah that you would aoauro

' Hr. strippo that tho atation will bo conplotad

ahortly. When it it oomplotod wo can arrange ior
on oporotor. houra oi oporotion. uto.. with bio.”

iron oitor tho tranaoittar arriwod. Tho Bowo continuod
to hava problooa.

Ho rosrat to aay that wo aro not too wall
plaoaod with tho oorvico your company haa roo-
dorod thuo iar. Your roproaontotiwo, Hr. Lyono,
directad for no a one horoo aarial and wo hovo
aoan nothing oi bio aiooa. rho ooodiog aot
iinoily arrivad and our own oloctrician and
Building Supt" who happooo to ho a wiroloaa
bug. oada tho iootallatioo.

0o Auguat 18th we wirod you ao ioilooa:
”Phono act in operation. Ploaao inatruot opera.
tor roport ior duty."

to thia wo roooivod no roply. ao proooodod
to find our own oporator and ho haa now boon on
duty for our three wooka. Since than we hovo
ulntaiood tho atation at our own axpoooo, buy.

 

”Lotta to rho Dotroit hawa iron 6.3. rhonpoon. troai-
dont. Radio nova and Huoio. loo.. Juno 2. 1920, WJ l’iloa.

”Lotto! to 1'. HcGuiro. 8min; Iowa Aaaociatioo. iro-
Hiohool D. Lyooo. 463 Groon Ava" Dotroit. July 11. l920.
”do, "lﬂo

28.
int tho nocoaaary bulba. into. at a local aloctri-
ao atoro. Ha ahould iiko to hawa you oxpiain to
no Juat how you wiah naintonanco chargoa ior thia

atation to ba handled. Ho judao tho aimploat
nothod would ho to doduot‘shio ooponao iron tho

oonthly paynonto duo you.
Although tho diaagroooonta with Radio ﬂora and maid

oiiorod tooporory irritationa which wora iinaiiy roaolvod,
tho laaaio: oi tho oquiploont had aooo aoriouo. tar-roachina
oiiocto. in atudyin; tho priority oi radio otationa. noot
hiatoriano hora roliod on tho Unitod Statoa Department oi
Co-oroo mot-do to dotoroioa which atotion woo on tho air
iirot. Sinoa tho oquipoant wood by tho hm in ita initial
broodooata waa licmod to todio liowa and Huaic Company, inc"
a liooooo boarin; tho halo oi 'iho Dotroit howa dooa not appoor
in tho oiiioial rocorda oi tho Dopartount oi Connorco until
liil whon tho atatioo canoollod ita agroooeot with Radio two
and Main.

Aitor 'iho Iowa atatioo woo in oporatioo. Radio Iowa
.4 liuoio advortiaod that it would oquip othor nowapopora
with trooaoittoro. An inodiato roopoooa caoo iron tho
a... City Star. tho Pittoburgh Sun. tho iouiavillo mm:-
‘ Journal. tho haitinoro Sun and othor nowapapora. But no
otooh had boon told in Radio Iowa and Euaic. and tho nocoaoary

 

“lottar to. Radio Iowa and Huoio 09.. inc.. In: York.
iro- Harroo I. tooth. Aaat. buoioooa Manager. Tho notroit Iowa.
Capt-bar ll, 1920. W.) liloo.

29.

iiaoocing that had boon aapootad by tho two ownora did
not oatariaiioo. thoraioro. no contracta could bo wodo
with tho othar nowapapara. and Radio Iowa and Main ioldad“

WJ. howawor. woo iiroly ootabliohod. it paid
ladlo Iowa and main. aitar aooo dioagroo-onta. $750 ior
tho iaatollotion oi tranonittar and ooothly rontal chargoa
laoo tho coat oi trananittar oaintananco which avaragod laoa
than 320 not mm."

to alwaya thara woo a huon paradox in WJ'a oarly
bogioniogo. ihooao t. Clark. who had halpod inonaaly in
tho otruggla to ootabiiah tho atation. wioitod tho atudioo
. January 7. 1937. Clark. by thio tioa woo 71 yoora oi
ago. and Hilli- E. Scrippa guidad hi- oaroiully through
tho hallo. Do» it not ooon otrango that l'ho Iowa raportod
tho out day:

Oddly anough. tho occaoion Iarhad Clark'o
iirat wiait to tho atudio building. which ataoda
today ao aowothing oi a oynbol or hia oarly
iaith. in tact. it workad hio iirot wioit to a

broadoaating atudio anywhuro. Through tho
yoara ha haa boon oontont to work alono in tho

 

“1.. 8. Stavanaon. "Liio oi Do ioraat Giwoo WJ aa lirat
in Hold.” :3; m m. Docaobar 21. 1920. p. l
“Lotto: to u. S. tooth. Aaat. huainaoa hanagor. ‘i’ha Da-

troit Bowl. iron c. 8. Mon. Radio Iowa and maid. Octobar 3.

30.
voot fiold of radio exporinontatioo. which for

his noont tho oiloot houra in tho loborotory. ‘3
'i'horo io otill ao much to laoro. oo ouch to do!

Clark died in November. 1962. in o Detroit-area
.u £01k! “Co

 

‘3Goorgo H. stark. "Downing of Mo Mimlo tooollod by
w: Vioitor.” m m; 521: Jonuory 8. 1937. p. 10.

V 1:511! iii-2'2 g 3333- ;w; 3";

Although HHJ hao alooyo colohratod tho anoivoroary o1
ito first broodcoot on August 20. 1920. the ototion ooa
broodcooting oovorol Woko botoro that data. It would bo
moro occuroto to ootohlioh on annivoroary oomotino botwooo
July 15 and Auguot 15 when tho ototion actually began opora-
tioo. In ooy event. information on both i’iJJ‘o "actual" tirot
broadcast and ito ”official" iirot broadcast la oxttoooly
linitod.

According to moot oourooo. throo young m took part

in tho "octual" opio ovoot: operator Frank Eduardo. "aonomoor"

tltoo Plant and "mood opinoor" award J. ‘i'ru-bo. Ao Elton
Plant rmborad it:

About two yoaro aftor 1 Joined ‘i‘ho hm
tho Hanging oditor collod oo into hio oitioo
ood aaid ho had hoard no ainginz around tho
omtoronco room. The oditor oaid they had to
havo ammo to work with Froncio Eduardo.
who woo. oo tho managing editor put it. "tho
noohooic follow on that radiophono gadget oi
Hilly ﬁcrippo."

That 1uao what i found nyoolt doing. At
tho tina l objoctod to tho job. I atill
wanted to ho a writor and aokod it thio woo
going to intorfero. l woo told. ”For good-
oooo oakoo. no. Thio io aftor boon." At

31

32.

that particular tin: l woo a aonior oftioo boy and
ondoavorinhto do a littla oporto writing...l waa
aowontoon.

Oporator Prank tdworda had boon hirod when Radio Bowa
and huoio ioilod to provido on ”minoor" oa thoy had prooiood.

Idwarda and l workod on tho radio in tho
old tiling rooo whoro thoy kopt tho hound iiloa
of tho nowopopor...

For wooto wa didn’t know if wo wora rotting
out on tho air. rhoro woon't anybody opooially
appoiotod to roport back and wo didn t got (an
nail. “thio woo tho axporioontal otago of radio
prior to auguot 20. 1920. boforo tho nowopoggra'
rogularly achodulod program got undor way.

Although Plant. a an ottioo boy. woo ooaignod to work
part tioo in tho "radiophono dopartoont." Eduardo woo told to do-
woto hio ontiro anorgioo toward xotting tho atation on tho air.

Eduardo woo bolus paid for thio work
although 1 do not know i! ho woo on tho liowo
payroll or whothor ho woo working directly
for Mr. Scrippa; but ho woo giving hio full
that to tho radio Job. Ho woo alwayo tutor-
in; around with it but did no work for tho
oowopopor propor. Ho woo tho angiooor -
although at that up. wo oollod than mamas“

Howard J. 'i'runbo woo not a Detroit Iowa onployoo, and

ho oiiorod hio oorvicoo oo a member of. tho original crow withv

 

“Elton Plant. tapo-rooordod intorviaw by Frank !.
hill. Oral noooaroh Oiiioo. Columbia Univoroity (windaor.
htario. Canada). Kay. 1951. trooooript rlont'o iiloo. p. 3.

‘SM.
“moo PI ‘-

33.
out couponaotion. hio rogular Job woo oo nonagor o1 tho
idiooo Shop. thon locatod on Homard avanuo next to tho
prooont l'alooowa 'i'hoatar.

l got into radio quito by accidont.
Iranh Edwardo cm in tho ahop ono day to
buy a phonograph horn. which lookod a lot
liko ono of our oodorn nogaphonoo. Bo aaid
thoy woro going to ooo it on tho nu
tranonittor that had boon aot up in l'ho
Iowa building for aondiog out wirolooa
oaooagoa. l gowo hi- on old horn that woo
laying around tho ahop and ha aoonod wary
plooood. no invitod no r to ‘i‘ho Iowa to
hora a look at tho rig.‘

Ioioro 'l‘nnho oado hio iirot viait to l‘ho Rowo. Plat
and Eduardo continuod thoir carport-onto with the now traoa-
wittor.

Up to that tin only talking woo donu-
auch ao ‘Tooting. ono. two. throo. £our"...”li
you aro hoaring thio will aonoono ploaoo coll,”
wo uaod to aoyuand that chattar woo port of any
Job. Ua'd aay that ovor and ovor again...

Ho would got tho odd call in thooo oarly
dayo...but iron right around tho howl.

l didn't tato radio too aariouoly and i
don't think many around tho nowopapor did-cox-
oopt Hr. Scrippo...ho woo quito thrillod about
tho wholo oat-up. Apparently a did aoo in it
for mu than tho root of no.

Arriving at the Iowa to on tho rig. Ina-ho auggaotod
that iootoad oi talking into tho oouthpioco of tho tronaoittor

 

"Edward J. rumba. tapo rocordod intorviow by
m.“ 'a ﬁlm“ (301114.10. Hicho). J91, 12. 1962a I.”
rooording Riaoa' tiloa.

“Plant. W.

3o.
that phonograph rocorda night bo playod into it. ho otforod
to loud tho ototion an tdioon phonograph and provida a aoloo-
tion of Edioon rooordinga oach ovoning for uoo in oxciting tho

tronooittor.

Thuo. with borrowod oquipnont and a ookoahiit crow. HWJ
woo roody for ita firot official broodcoot. Auguot 20. 1920.

rho aquipnont uood on tho firot broodcaato could hawo
boon placod convoniontly on a onoll kitchon tabla. Tho trona-
adttor woo a Do Foroot 01*10. shallot to thooo ho had hoon aoll-
in; to tho Navy oinco 191‘. With a powor rating oi 20 watta. it
oporatod on 200 notora. rho powor aupply woo dorivod fro. a
lSO-watt. soc-v.1: diroct ourront gonorotor. driwon by a quortar
horoo-powor ootor.

floood cart to tho tronooittor uoa tho rocoiving oat which
oontainod o throo-ooil rogonoratiwo circuit. uoing a prioory. aoo-
ondary and ”ticklor." tho coilo boing of tho honayoomh typo. ly
attaching coilo o: variouo oiooa to tho front of tho rocoiving oat.
tho oporotcr woo oblo to rocoivo oignalo on proooot wovo longtho.

tho onpliiior. which woo locotod coat to tho rocoiving oat.

woo of tho tuba dotactor typo. with ono atago oi oopliiioation.‘9

‘9"Pirat Danoo Hold to Radio and tho Firot Trano-
d‘tCI." m Estrols "“3. AW‘ 20. 1930. Pa 13a

35.

Iho microphono was an introgal part of tho transmittor

and was nountod noor tho top of tho transmittar‘o lB-inch-high

facing plota. rooonhling a toloyhono mouthpiaca at tho 19203.

Tho broadcoat ronza of thio firot outfit
woo limitad and undo: tho hoot conditiono woo
not nora than ono hundrod niloa. lt woo oati-
natad that thoro woro about throo hundrod
oporotora racoiving in tho aroo oovorod...
Ihoao radio oootoura woro among approoioatoly
twonty thouoand in tho ontiro country. Thoir
apparatuo. uaually coo and two tuba rogouora-
tivo oircuito.*wg5o uaod only to connuniooto
with oach othor.

tho poynont of 0750 to Radio howo and unaio. following
tho inotallation of tho original tronoodttor. oooood liko a
high prioo to pay whoa ono oxaoinoo tho coat 0! tho oquipoant

which Tho Iowa oloctod to looao rathar than purchaoo.

01-10 Tranooittar (with tubaa) $325.00
Multi-wavo TUnor (without ooiia) 77.50
Coila (plug nomtod. $1.00 to 25.00

83.60 doponding on wavo
longth.oovoral raquirad)

Rack (for ooilo) 3.50
Typo P-300 Combination.5udion- 67.50
Ultroudiou and l-otop
.Anplitior (without tuboo)

labor for Amplifior @ $7.00 10.00

soYoung.l:§g,h§ohiggg‘ﬂiggggz,hoggzing. Vol. Xilv.
Docoobor. 1960. p. ‘1‘.

36

Earphonoo 16.00
Total $528.50

Shipping. wiring, installation, autonno ozstta‘.’1

Tho ono poooihlo lozioal oxplanation io thot tho 8750
ooptionod in tho 1ottor to Radio non ond Huoio woo oloo poy-
lost for o oioila: hroodoootin; outfit inotallod in tho
Sorippo hooo. rho scrippo tronooittor on a Typo-0 which
bod o olizhtly ooallor front pono1 with o tranoforoo: ond
o tootifior tnho oomtod thoroon. It woo looo oxpomivo

than tho 01-10 and oold to: 8260. 3y oonbinin; tho ooot
52

53

of tho otatim'o tranonitting outfit with tho Scrippo rig.

ouo mivoo ot a total tight-o of $991.30 pluo inotollotion.
Doing thio logic. tho 0750 figuro donotod o tool
hotgaio. Iy contraot. tho building. orootod in 1936 to homo
tho otation. ooot $1 oillion.
Unfortunatoly. no ooooroto rooordo o! tho footoroo
ohioh oooptiood HWJ'o firot ”oftioiol" broodooot Aunt 20. 1920.

”Tho Do Foroot Radio rolophono o “rolozraph co..

9; m zuogworthz Rodig Rocoiving W Qotolg‘ Q,
. loo York. 1920. pp. 37, 4.1. 1.9 6. 51.

. 52Tho two transoittoro oro oouotantly hoin; con-
!oood. Tho Sorippo outfit appooto on tho oovor of o hooklot
tooontly publiohod by tho ototiou whoro it io idontitiod oo
WJ'o lint tronooittor. “rho 01-10 io hound ot tho Dotroit
liotuioal mum.

”no Pg”; Qua-log g. p. 51.

37.

oxiot. Through tho uoo o! fragmtary intornotion it hao boon
poooihlo to piooo togothor o gonoral doooription of tho ovont.
but no oloio io oado oo to tho ohooluto ooourooy of tho opooitio
dotoilo.

Announoor tltm “out, who had boon working for
oovoral wooko with Front Edwordo to proporo tho otation for
ito lint hroadooot. dooidod thot tho ovont wasn't roaliy
of too ouch importonoo and ho wont on voootion. Tho job
of onnotnoor toll to amazing oditor hoiooln w. Iinsay.

Lot no pouoo for oration idontitiootion.
Tho firot in tho world woo W1. Thot dato.
Auguot 20. 1920. hoo boon 1ozo11y'..eatohliohod
in oourt ond 31". thio notroit nowo ototion
tho authontio right to ito claim of proud
priority.

horo 1 will tako o how {or nyoolf. 1 had

tho duhiouo honor of hoinz tho tirot hroadoaotor

ond tho tirot progroo nootor of oorononioo. And _

looking down through tho yoaro ot my long lino

of ouoco on throughout tho world. noy God (or-

;ivo no!

min; tho phonograph horrowod from tho Ediow Shop,
fro-ho ploood o rooord on tho turntahio ond woitod for tho
oimol to opin it. no hod oolootod oovorol rooordo. anon;

tho- "Boooo of rioordy" and "Annio tourio.””

5ﬁlingoy, p. 224.

55th- Dotroit howo, Edio §tatigg 31a. Dotroit, 1931.
(Storion Proootionol looklot). horoottor. Radio. p. 1.

38.

with Piont gono. lingoy otood hotoro tho lorga ond of
tho nogophono-liko horn. rho oooll ond of tho horn woo at-
toohod to tho nouthpiooo of tho Do Foroot tronooittor with o
ruhhor ring which rooonhlod o tiro aohtroy holdor. Whoa
Bingoy finiohod opooking, ho would turn tho wido ond of tho
horn toword tho opoakor of tho phonogroph. Ihuo. tho ouoio
would opon tho diotonoo hotwoon tho phonograph and tho trono-
nittor ond. hapotully. ho roooivod by tho oudionoo.

With oarphonoo in piooo. Edwordo nodo o tow loot-
uinuto adjuotnonto on tho roooivin; and tranonittin; oquip-
oont ond glonood up ot tho clock on tho wa11. It woo noorly
8 pm.

ninety loonod toword tho horn, and, with o nod fro-
ldwordo, boson opoakins.

"Thio io 0 MI oollihg. (Tho coll lottoro

woro ohongod lotor to Hm. ond linolly to m”)

:h;; i;.§h;nraﬁ§2phono of Tho Dotroit lowo,

. 8-

Edwordo gawo a onilo o! opprovol. rho firot hroodoaot

hod hogan. For on hour. until 9 p.w. it oontinuod
Sovorol oonoorto proarono hovo boon
xiwon...roooiwod wootly hy.Dotroit onotouro.

homo or tho lako, oro. and poooongor ohipo

hovo hoord tho ooncorto o1oo. Botioo of tho
oonoort io uouolly sivon with tho woioo. thon

A 4. A H‘ _. A ...—

“nom: P. am». "tho light Rodio woo Born." :3;
mm Eowo. Auguot 21. 1960. Soo. 2. p. 1.

39.

tho titlo of tho piooo to bo ployod io tollowod

by o phonogrophio rooord playod into tho trono-

nittor. Botwoon phogpgraphio rooordo. loto nowo

itono aro givon out.

Thio io undoubtodly tho pattorn which tho tirot broad-
oaot followod.

Ao tho loot otroino o1 "Roooo of Pioordy" diod. Iingoy
agoin opoho into tho lorgo ond of tho horn.

”how do you got it?" ho oohod. And o oodloy

of woiooo oono book through tho dorknooo. "lt’o

toning in fino. Ho'ro gotting ovorything loudly

ond distinctly."

Following thio ooohongo with tho roooiving

oot uood to got tho audionoo rooponoo . a nonhor

of Tho Dotroit ﬁowo advortioing doportoons ployod

"Tapo" ond‘HWJ lirot broodooot ho; ondod. 8

In porhopo 30 Dotroit hoooo. liotonoro, who‘woro tor-
twnoto onough to own homonodo roooiving ooto. hod hoord tho
broodooot. attor oorotully odjuoting oondouoor diolo. and
o1ooning gonorotor bruohoo. hoighboro. gothorod orouad tho
roooivoro. woro undouhtodly owod by tho oyotoriouo powor which
onablod thoir hooto to roooivo voicoo. ond ovon nuoio, from
m Ciro

homo of tho ooot adwonood otudonto ownod tronooitting. oo

-wo11 oo roooiwing oquipaont. honry 3. Joy, o woolthy Dotroit

57Hi11ioo Pooh loaning. Qommorcigl groodcasgigg gigggor-
my PM (Cambridgo, Noun hot-ward Univoroity l‘rooo,l%6),

P
ssaodig, p. l.

40.

onthuoiaot. who nointoinod hio own broodcooting laborotory

in hio homo, and Clydo Dorr, who wao ono of tho firot Dotroit-

oro to tako to tho air, woro in tho oudionco on.Auguot 20.
0thoro who "pounded tho brooo" in tho old

doyo ond whooo onthuoiaoo built wirolooo ond

rodio [in Michigon] woro Ed Donotoodt, [moo]

in chargo of rodio tor tho Dotroit Polioo Do-

portoont, Goorgo Norrio, Prod Bornnon, ond 2d

Clork. [onco] chgst onginoor of rodio otation

mo in Dotroit.

No ono. of couroo. could prodict tho impact thot thio
firot broodcost would hovo on tho culturo ond living hobito
o£.Anorico. who could havo drcomod, in 1920, that two block-
focod comodiono, who collod thomoolvoo Aura ond.Audy5 would
otop troffic and tolophono callo at 7 p.n. ovory ovoning?
Cortoinly not tho young men who woro involvod in tho ootob-
liohmont of WWJ.

Edwards govo up radio ond wont into tho plumbing buli-
nooo in Detroit. .Ao of thio writing. ho io living in Tolodo.
Plont roturnod to hio homo in Conoda ond took o job oo o
nowopopor roportor on tho Bordor Citioo Star (now tho‘Windoor

Star). Oddly onough, ho aloo porticipotod in tho firot brood-

-coot nodo by CKLW, windoor, in 1932. Ho io probably ono of tho

tow won who hovo tho distinction of cponing two otationo. Ao

at thio writing, ho owns Elton Plont.Advortioing, Ltd. Boword

59Xolly, :23,Mﬂghigon Either: no ozino, Vol. XXI (Wintor
lunbor. 1937), p. 9.

41.

Irumbo couldn't havo boon woro wrong.
Booouoo tho Edioon ShOp woo doing ouch o

land offioo businoao in yhonograyh rooordo, and

had potentod ono of tho moot odvanood rocording

toohniquoo ovailablo in 1920. I now tho promioo

of o bright futuro aa manager of tho shop. Sovon

yooro lotor. in 1927. tho Edison Company faltorod

and finally foilod. 1t woo drivou out of buoinooo

by. of oll things. radio!bu

Trunbo thou triod to uoko a living by ropoirin; ooto.
hut woo forcod to rolinquish thio husinoao when tho brood-
ooatin; atationo oftorod to portorn tho aomo aorvioo troo.

With thio blow. Iruobo govo uh rodio oomplotoly ond roooutly
rotirod oo Plant Enginoor for raygo Bovoragoo. A» of thio
writing. ho livoo in Porndalo, Michigan.

Lyona. who had inatollod tho tronouittor oorial.
ohodonod radio ood wont into tho prioothood. In 1927. ho loft
Dotroit to oorwo in tho Patna, lodia,yoiooion fiold as a Joauit
aoholaotio ond woo ordainod four yoaro lator ot 5t. Hory'o
Colloso. Eurooong. India, Aftor 19 yooro oo o udoaiooary. ho
roturnod to tho Unitod Stotoa in lBAG to writo artioloo on tho
plight of tho Indiano. According to tho Dotroit Joauit untor~
notion contor, ho lotor roaignod from tho prioathood ond roturhod

to Calcutto'whoro ho oorriod on Indian woman. Bio oxoot'whoro-

obouto io not known.61

“muse. W
61Riooo, zyg_0otroit ﬂows, Auguat 21. 1950, Soc. E. p. 1.

52.

Anon; tho hondful of liotonoro on August 20. 1920,
woo o high ochool otudont. koonly intorootod in ovory phooo

o1 radio hroodoooting.

Alhort I. Allon woitod ottontivoly ot hio
otation. Suddonly tho roooivor opoko. ot firot
o bit otringy. but Allon'o odjuotoont of tho ino
otrunmt ooon tonod it. raking it diatlnot ond
ploinly oudihlo in on adjoining roolo.

Allon now io o nonbor o! WJ'o onginnring
otottuond hoo boon for tho out 33 yooro.

m ‘ruoodoy. Auguot 31. 1920. following ll doyo of mo-
m. nightly progrono footuring tho groot voiooo of tho doyu
Coruoo. Holha, Galli-Curoi ond othoro. Tho Dotroit lowo oodo
tho firot onnomoooont of ito nowly conplotod wirolooo tolo-
phono. whilo noot o! mohigon wondorod whothor o young ottor-
my gonorol. Alon J. Grooohock, would ouooood in hio rooo for
tho Moblioon gubornotoriol nooinotion. tho Bowo onnomood in
front pogo hoodlinoo:

THE ms WIOPHM 1'0 GIVE V01! RESULTS

Aootouro Our Hichigon Aro lnvitod to
Civo Virolooo Portioo ond Boor

"Voiooo in tho light"

Tho Dotroit lowo. tonight. will onnounco

tho rooulto...“ tho Stoto, Congroooionol ond
County prinorioo ovor oouthoootorn Hichigon.
uoing ito nowly oouplotod wirolooo tolophono.
Tho ooooogoo will ho oorriod by rool
“woiooo of tho night.“ throughout tho Lowor

“ms.

43.

Poninoulo poooibly, within o rodiuo of 100
oiloo o! Dotroit. hmdrodo of. wirolooo to1o~
groph oporotoro ond onthuoiooto will lioton
ond got tho rooulto...

U’hilo tho woioo will bo uood inotood of
tho tologrophio codo. no opooiol opporotuo will
ho noodod to got tho ooooogoo. to shown by
tooto loot night, whon on oporotio oonoort...
woo ottonptod, tho rooulto odhiovod hy uoo o!
tho ordinary wirolooo tolograph roooiworo woo
quito ootoniohing...

Ivory wirolooo oporotor in Niohigon,

Ohio ond Ontario io invitod to own up hio
roooiwor ond participoto in tho ontorprioo...
(for) tonight'o dononotration will bo...in

o oonoo. oyoohol. A hmdrod yooro tro- now.
pothopo. oll nowo will ho tronooittod by wiro-
1ooo tolophono; who know”...

Boro io tho oooontiol doto noodod by tho
liotoning oporatoro to got rooolto.

tho wowo longth which will bo hood through-
out tho dononotrotion will ho 200 ootoro.

Tho firot noooogoo oont out will otort ot
8 o'clock tonight. Tho voting polio do not
o1ooo until thot tino, but it io thought boot
to oond oiooollonoouo oottor for oo-o ti-o
botoro tho firot oloction rooulto oro onnounood,
oo thot oporotoro ooy got thoir inotruoonto in
portoot ottuno. '

During tho tirot hour oporotoro withing to
tolh with tho Nowo for inotruotiono or to roport
rooolto ooy do oo. rho officiol coll for Ibo
Bowo it "8 mi."

Boginning ot 9 o'clock, tho firot olootion
bullotin will ho not out. Othor hollotino will
bo oont ogstho hour and hall hour from thon mtil
midnight.

Thuo, tho firot publicly onnonncod rodio hroodooot woo
do by WJ. ooaploto with loool. ototo ond oongroooional pri~

oory olootion roturno, pluo gonorol nowo hullotino and "liwo"

M ##M *_ A

‘3'"i‘bo Howo nodiophono To Givo Voto Rooolto. “m
Dotroit ﬂowo. Anguot 31. 1930. p. 1.

ontortoimoont.
0n tho following doy. Soptoobor l. in whot woo prob-
ohly tho firot roviow of o rodio broadcoot. tho ototion'o
pomt publiootion broothloooly roportod on pogo ono:
LAﬂD.AHD‘RATER HEAR EEIURHS hI’HIEELESS

Tho Dotroit nowo Rodiophono Sondo Spokon
Word on Elootion to Stot o ond
Shipo Out on.Lokoo

Attor cooporing tho ovont to tho droono of Juloo Vorno
ond B. G. Uollo. tho otory rolotod:

Ibo oonding of tho olootion roturno Tooo-
doy night woo fraught with rononco ond out go
down in tho hiotory of oon'o oonquoot of tho
olouonto oo o gigontio otop in hio progrooo.
In tho four houro thot tho opporatuo. oot no
in an oot-of-tho-woy oornor of Tho Howo build-
ing, woo biooing and.whirling ito ooooogoo
into opoco, tow rooliood thot o droon ond pro-
diction hod oono truo. Tho nowo of tho world
woo boing givon forth through thio invioiblo
trunpot to tho woiting crowdo in tho unooon
oorkot plaoo...

Promptly ot 8:10 pm. [ton oinutoo loto]
Tho ﬂowo oporotor throw on tho trononiooion
oorront ond oollod into tho oouthpiooo thot.
proviooo to tho orrivol of tho olootion
bullotino, onotour rodio oporotoro woro to
bo troatod to on o1ootro~ooriol oonoort..on
ordinory phonogroph woo drown clooo to tho
opporotuo ond o rooord startod.

- lo ooonor woo tho ooloction couplotod
thou tho hoodpiooo of tho roooiwor boson to
olioh...5troono o! onotonr oporotoro hogan
to oond in thoir thonko ond thooo thot lockod

6"ﬂood ond wotor Hoor haturno by Uirolooo.“ 19.!
23221.5 m. Soptombor 1. 1920. p. l.

45

tronooitting oquipnont. ruohod to thoir tolo'
phonoo to coll Tho Rowo otrioo...

"tour oonoort io coming in (ino. "thoy ooid.
"Lot'o bovo tho oloction rooulto oo ooon oo thoy
«no in..." A unifornod noooongor hurriod into
tho rodio rooo. Ibo otoonor w. A. Bradloy bod
hoord ovor tho wotoro of Loko Brio tho voiooo
of two oingoro fron.tbo Broodwoy-Strond Thoator 65
ond tho firot tidingo at tho gubornotoriol rooo.

Ao tho otoonor hrodloy oontirood. o young oingor,
Chorlio Holoon. hod oodo hiotory oo tho firot non to oing
oo‘wwd. And hio looolo portnor, whooo nono hoo boon loot,
booooo tho lirot wooon to oing on tho ototion. Following
thoir ongogooont ot tho lroodwoy-Strond Thootor. thoy quiotly
diooppoorod into oblivion.

Although it woo exciting to rood thot tho broodooot
bod boon o hugo ouooooo. tho moot important parogroph to tho

otory oppoarod in bold-fooo tyyo bonooth tho hoadlino.

Tho Dotroit Nowo wirolooo oorwioo...will bo
o rogulor port of Tho Howo oorwioo to tho public.
Ibo oorvioo will otort nightly ot 8 o'clock ond
will run until 10. Loto nowo dovolopnonto will
bo floohod ond botwoon bullotino thoro will bo
oongo ond nuoiool ooloctiono. Ihooo who hovo
roooiving ooto ohoulg invito thoir triondo ond
noighboro to lioton. 6

Tho dooioion to broodooot nightly bod boon oodo. no

' longor would tho radio ototion bo longhingly oollod "Scrippo

Ploytbing.“ .Aftor houro of work. nontho of frustrotion ond dio-

‘boliot. tho otation woo ot loot o roolityu HHJ,ond rodio brood-
oooting,oo wo know it todoy, bod boon lounohod.

65%. “yam.

 

Following tho dooioion by the Dotroit houo oonogooont
to>loko tho ototion o poroonont port at tho argoniootion'o
ootvioo to tho community. tho otofl boson ito novor-ondinz
oootoh for ptogrou notorlol.

0n soptonbor l. 1920. boooboll nouo woo prooontod for
tho firot tino. olong with nouo bollotino of toroizn ottoiro
ond progrooo royorto on tho voriooo politiool ooupoigno boin;
wogod oorooo tho country. vivo doyo lotor, on Soptonbor 6.
tho tooolto of tho Doopooy-Mioko tight woro broodooot within
30 oooondo at tho tine whon tho nowo woo roooivod from ring-
oido by tologroph oodo.

To nonitot tho oignol boina oont out by tho ototion.
accord Trunho ooy hovo unwittingly ootobliohod tho firot
toting ootvioo. Hhilo tho ototion woo in oporotion. Ito-ho
'woold boord o otrootoot ond tldo oll ovor tho oity wioitin;

‘ tho hoooo of thooo liotonoro known to hovo toooiving ooto.
Bo would noko notoo it tho ototion woo boinz, or not boing,

toooivod with full ond oloor oisnol.67

A 4

"km, Intorvig.

A6.

67.

Chotloo F. Hammond, Jr., who hod boon ot tho oontrolo
o! hio toooivor in Groooo ?ointo whon tho firot broodoooto
woro “do, provod that W.) woo zottin; into hio oroo of tho
oity’whon ho inwitod oono of bio triondo to ottond o donoﬂng
potty ot hio homo on Pridoy, Soptombot a. 1920. Reporting
tho ovont o tow doyo lotot. Iho ﬂowo ooid:

Doublo ooroory woo ot work ot tho booo

0! an. Chorloo I. Mound, 180 Porto: owonoo.

Friday night, when o dooon young poroono...

gothorod to donoo by wooio oontagot into opooo

by Tho Dotroit lowo todiophono.

Porthor proof thot tho ototion woo tooohing ito oodl-
onoo oooo on Soptonhor lO. Tho Dotroit Rodio Oporototo
otaoniootion hold o looting in Tho Rowo building to thank
itho ototion'o nonoxonont for ito rodio ootvioo. 1At tho
oootin; tho Oporotoro ogrood to ooooo oondin; ottor l0 p...
to: tho bonofit of Tho lowo bollotin broodoooting.

‘Ao night bo oxpootod thoto woo oloo oono tooontoont
in o tow quottoro of tho nowopopor offioo oo oolowniot
l. C. L. Jookoon honoroooly rooollod.

‘wo oow,'with o (loto o! rooontoont,‘todio
ortivo. Uo didn't mind it whon Tho lowo otortod

HHJ. rhot woo oll tight. not wo oortoinly did

ohjoot to tho onount of opooo tho popot ooboo-
qoontly xovo owor to promoting rodio.

A A

‘8"Fitot Donoo Hold to Rodin ond tho Fitot Tronooittor.”

gggroit ﬂowo,.Au3uot 20, 1930. quoting I§g_bogrg§§ 533;,
sCPtmr 18. 1920. Po 15o

40.

Book in ’10 than woro o lot of folks, who
todoy oro ohronio rodio liotonoto. who woro
ooying thot todio novor ooold ho onything but
o rich oon'o ploything, o ooro booblo. Ibot'o
wbot tboy woro ooying.

whot wo woro ooying couldn’t bo quotod
in o Fonily howopopor. lot whon wo woro toy-
ing how wo folt oboot oll thot lovoly opooo
thot could hovo blooood into ropotto obout
out-dot, noyhoo, oroon ond ouch. writton by
tho "Crioo Boundo" [o group of young ropottoro
which inolodod Jookom] who. to ho blunt oboot
it. woro in tho bobit 81 forming to WJ oo
tho "poonut whilltlto."6

Othot "tiroto" woro ootobliohod by tho ototion in
Soon-bot. 1920. whotbor impottont or not, rho nowo ooro-

Iolly tomtod oooh itoonoooolly on pogo no.

Uhot woo doubtlooo tho fitot out od our
oont to o nowopopor by rodiophono woo toooivod
to: inoottion by Iho Dotroit lowo. through ito
todiophono doportoont Itidoy night. It oono
(too Albort Allon. ototion toll 8 “....ond
woo oont for hio fothot. Tho woooogo dio-
tinotly piokod out of tho night toodt...'Tor
“lo-"Ono poi: of prion binoculotn l2 powor.
Joooo P. Allon. 435 Bogs otroot."

In on ottooqat to prooont livo ouoio. oo woll oo phono-
gtopb oolootiono. Boword rr’mbo ogtood to bring two of tho
Ediooo toootding ortioto to tho ototion for livo oonoorto.

. Chariot Minor of tho Edioon Lohorototioo woo invitod to tho

_._ .4‘ _‘ A

“$0.!" Jookoon, "iiotoning in m Dotroit." m
m gowo. Auguot 20. 1945. p. to. .

7°"Piokod Out of tho Air o Wont-Ad for tho howo,"
momenta. Soot-abut M 1920. P. 1.

4.9.

otwdio to ploy hio violin ovor tho oir to cowhoro otudio
production with thot of phonogroph t'ooortlo.n Bio oppooro
onco on Soptonbor ll woo lollowod o low doyo lotor by o

"vocol concott" givon by labol Horton Ayoro. Sho hoo otton
boon giwon tho diotinotioc o! boing tho ototion'o firot "livo"
oingor. which, of couroo. ion't occoroto oinco Chorlio Holoon.
oo provioooly'notod, boldo thot honor. Bor "concort" woo on-

wowol. howovor.

Mioo Ayoro. who io with tho Edioon Rootootion
otodio in Chicogo. oong ooworol ooloo ond oloo
duoto with tho phonogroph. Sho oong How! horio”
ond ”Tho Loot Rooo of Showor." with Modono Horio
Roppold, ond "Annio Laurio." with Anno Coco. thoir
woicoo boing roprodoood by tho rocordo.

Tho concort. tho tirot of o wookly oorioo.
woo tho first ono in which tho noturol woico ond
tho phonogroph woro wood togothor owor tho rodio'
phono. Ogorotcro roportod thot it woo cloor ond
diotinct. 1

Sporto continuod to fill importont gopo in tho broodcoot-
ing ochodolo oo o codo tronooittor woo inotollod on tho judgo'o
plotloro for tho Gold Cup Rocco on tho Dotroit niwor on Boptow-
bot ll. Bout to Tho ﬂowo building. tho roowlto woro dooodod
and hroodcoot by tho crow in tho otodio. On Octohor 5. tho
‘ oooroo of tho‘world.8orioo boooboll gonoo botwoon Clowolond

"Mao. m room mm W m. xm,
Dow. 1960. p. ‘16.

"“singo for Virolooo." .722. Dotrwit M. “9,. 5‘3“" 20-
1930. p. 13.

50.

out Iroohlyw woro oirod for tho woiting boooboll on-

thwoiooto.”
It woo obowt thio tioo thot Boword Trowbo woo ookod to

loowo tho ototion. to ho rocollodx

I bod providod phonogroph rocordo for tho
ototion tro- tho zdioon shop. Ioforo oocb rocord,
Iltoo Plont would ooy ocoothing lihou'tbio io
Idioon rocording otor Hioo Hobol Horton Ayoro
oinging ouch-ond-ooch o oong. It io Edioon
rocord nuobor oo-ond-oc. And whoa i brought
tho otoro to tho otodio, thoy woro oloo idonti~
tiod oo boing Ediooo rocording ortioto. 1 woo
grototol thot thoy oontionod it a: tho oir. ho.
oowoo l'o owro it holpod ooloo. but Hr. Stork
[Goorgo 0.] told no cno doy thot I'd roooivod
onowgb froo publicity ond tho, tho ototicn
wowld no longor hood oy bolp. ‘5

Cliooxing o politicol bottlo which bod boon wogod
throughout tho toll. Bording rcllod no on oncroooo oojcrity
om Cox in lions-bot. 1920. Although tho votoro bod wodo tho
docioiu co to who would occupy tho whito aouoo. tho oworogo
o! thio owont triggorod o broodcooting controworoy which wont
udooidod for woro thon 13 yooro. twon though WJ bod boon on
tho oir for woro thon tour wontho. o oocond ototicn. ED“ in
loot Rittoborgh, Po.. which bogon broodcooting on hovowbor 2.

1920. io cfton giwon crodit for boing tho ”tint" ototion to

A— A ; 4‘ _ A A

73Tho honing iowo Aooociotion. m m a; m
(Dotroit: Tho honing howo Aooocioticn. 1911),

box tor. rodio otoft, p. D.
7“l‘rwlobo, lntorviow.

51

lnousutoto rosulor programing. And tho ﬂooding-Coo oloctton
omrozo to «too cotogctlood oo tho "tint" hoop-on. A coo-
ploto aloooooloo of tho dloosrouont lo oontolood to o loto:
choptor.

1o ooovor to non, toquooto from tntoxootod toodoto.
o “Mo nopottoont" cola-z oodo ito (not oppooronco in
tho Dotroit Hooo on Monhor 19. It offorod Morn-tun
on tho oonotruotlon ond/oo' purohooo of "rodlophono rocolvoro”
on tho nothodo o! ochlovln; tho hoot rocoptlon coco o ototloo
ho! hooo lootollod. Slnoo tho rooponoo to tho now odltotlol
dopoxtoont woo mount ond onthoolootlo. 1t hooono o rozulot
(«two of Tho Iovo which. with o ouhotontlol ohlft in tho
tono o! lto ootorlol. contlnooo todoy.”

ly Doconhot. 1920, tho anchor at rodlo llotonoro hod °
ﬂatly lnorooood to Dotroit oud tho omomdlng mltloo.
Soon boyo ookod Sonto Clouo loo rocolvtng ooto. and tho oto-
tloo PtOﬂtI-Id opoclol holldoy molo to lto growths oodlonoo.

ﬂout; oowtlooo vorlotloo o! corool-hox cello. oor-troopot
dough loud-opukoro, hottortoo, olxoo ond godgoto of ovory
' looctlptlou. tho "oogio" woo bolas oxtrootod (to: tho olt.

Without o aroot dool of nochonlool ohluty.
o rodlo dovotoo could put togothor o cryotol

75Kolly ond loyoo. Appoudlo.

52.

dotoctor tot, cooploto with cot'o whlokor, for

looo thou 88.00. .h voouuo doggotor oot could
bo built tor looo thou 860.00

homo purohoood tho componento for tholr tocolvoro ftoo'
locol todlo ohopo. which. by thlo tloo. bod oprung loto hool-
oooo I11 ovot Dotrolt. w1th tho hoovy domd. porto woro
ooon in chart oupply.

Bocouoo olocttlcol ohopo couldn‘t oupply
onouah hoodphonoo to ooot tho ruoh of now rodlo
llotonoto, thoto grow up quito on opldoolo o!
plltorlng o! tolophcno rocolvoro--ooot1y tron
opottmont houoo phonoo. So onthuolootlo woro
thooo boglnnoro thot nony octupulouoly honoot
ooulo ludulsod 1n thio potty thlovory. Hlth o
olnzlo alto ontonno otrung to tho rooo.or ot.
tlc, o coll on on ootoool box. o plooo of
olllccn or golono ulth o oot'o-ohlokor, olc
ond o tolophono tocolvor, tho wou19~bo rodlo
oporotor woo oblo to portlclpoto.

to ttn; to tho non yoot. 1921. in Joyouo foohlon. Tho
looo turnod to Dottolt ottoruoy LouLo Colombo ohooo ”toocoont
tonoo“ ooto hoord in o "oolody o1 ohoor" thot “wont out ocrooo
uncountod olloo ovor tho anlolblo othor.”78

Tho Dotrolt ﬂown hod coohlotod lto (trot colondor yoor
o! broodoootln; ond oovorol notoblo allootouoo hod boon rooohod--

ot o not loco to tho corporotlon of $3,063.92. 0! oouroo. this

”no”. 3333 Detrogt Emu, Auguot 21. 1960. Soc. 3. p. 1.

77Youn3,‘zhg_ﬁlghlggn glotorz Mogoolgg, Vol. XLIV, Docoo-
bot. 1960. p. A17.

"my mg. I». o.

53.

onount lo poltry whoa ounporod to tuturo looooo. In lto
tlrot olzht yooro of oporotlon. tho ototlou ouotolnod o not
looo onnuolly of noorly $80,000. By 1928. tho mozoucht hod
1nvootod “66,386.27 or noorly o holf ollllou dolloro 1n tho
oporotlon ond bod not ooruod o dluo 1n return. It to ouo thin;
to bo o plcnoor ond culto onothor to book ono'o couvtctlono wlth
my to ouch huso ouomto."

tdltorlolly cloning thot tho rodlo ototlou oftorod
onothor mono by which “rho Nowo could oorvo lto publlc. o
contributing foctor to WJ'o oxlotonco in tho wory boglnnlns
hlnzod opvorontly on ito prawn oblllty to ooll nowopoporo.

Shortly oltor WJ'o lnltlol prozroo in

1920. Tho Nowo odltoro ouncolvod tho ldoo of

tom; thlo now "nlroolo” to ooll poporo.

Thoy otortod ”Torzlght'o Dlnnor" by tho houoo-

hold odltor. o lsmuto tolk whlch lucludod

ouzsootlono tor dinuor oo woll oo ougsootluno

for oovlng in tho tltchon. Ihlo hoo boon ouc-

ooooful in logarootln; wooon 1n Tho ﬂowo ond

tt. ‘C‘tuIC‘o

Could tho ototlon pooolbly hovo ouotolnod ltooll oo o
couploto phllonthroplo wouturo‘l’ It ooono doubtful whon mo

roodox

M... ...-‘4 L .... .....A AA A M ‘ A‘

79adult: 1.. Tyoon. Stotlon Honour. Affldovlt Fllod
with tho Podorol Eodlo Counloolcn. Hovoubor 7. 1928. p. l.

a“Iliad Goortnor. Jr.. Housing Editor. Dotroit lowo.
., “Btotlon WJ Strong Promotion Aro for Dotroit lowo Slnco 1920."

mmw Jul! 37. 1935. Do 11.

54

Tho homo "Tho Dotroit Nowo“ olwoyo io
oppondod to tho coll lottoro. "HUJ.” thuo
olwoyo kooping in tho liotonoro' nindo tho
nooo o1 tho ototion'o owuor ond oponoot. Ao
puro inotitutionol odvortiolng olono. tho
ounotont "drip. drip o! tho wotor ousiho
otuuo" iuoo hoo boon of groot voluo.

.AlthoughﬂwWJ coutinuoo to identify itoolf oo Tho Dotroit
lowo ototion, it long ogo bocouo for uoro woluoblo to tho poro
out orgouiooticn ond not just on oxtonoion of tho uouopopor
oiroulotiun doportnont.

Whllo tho w J nowo hullotino woro reporting tho nojor
ovonto of 1921--Hording'o inougurotion, tho Sooco-Vourotti
triol ond tho Dompooy-Corpontior boxing bout ot Boylo'o thirty
.Aorooo~tho originol transmitting oot woo found to ho inodo-
quoto for tho incroooing roquirouonto of tho ototicn. It woo
cooplotoly robuilt oorly in tho you-.82

Exporinonto in prozrommins continuod with tho oondinx
o1 ouoio by rodiophono to o bonquot boin3,held ot tho ﬂoounic
tooplo on Jonuory 13. ond tho oouo oorvico woo providod for
tho mama l’ork nigh School on Fobruory a.”

In Juno, 192l. turthor ioprovooout woo nodo in tho

, tronooittin3,oquipnont with tho inotollotion of o two-wiro

# A— A..____ A.— - -_.+

“$32.14-
82xolly ond Boyoo. p. 7b.

a3§2d§o t.££. Po 10o

55.

ontonno. 290 foot in lcnzth, which woo otrotchod botwoon Tho
homo building ond tho Hotol Port Sholhy. loootod in tho uoxt
block. Thlo itmcvotiou woo tootod; ond to tho delight of tho
otoﬂ. rocopticu tororto pourod in from liotonoro oll owor
tho mitod Stotoo. The Floor rocoiwing oot hoord broodcooto

by govornmcnt stations o5 for ouoy oo Bordooux, Fronco;

Rom. Gunny; Rooo and Hamil.“

It woo obout thio tioo oloo thot ono of our. ooot
populor program footoroo, ”Tho Town Crior," woo introduood.

Ao Elton Plant rocollod it:

Tho tirot "otorrod" radio nooocoot ot
W.) woo billod oo "'i'ho Town Crior" chow.
Roz Hhito uroto tho nous itooo ond 1 road
thou. i would tin; tho Icon Crior boll whilo
Roz cloppod coconut ohollo to oimloto tho
horoo'o hoofo on which tho Iowu Crior or.
rived. Ihio woo tho hoaiuoin; of "sand
ottoct" oxporimto ot WJJ...1 woo tho
originol “roan Crior on rodio. but only
for two or throo wooto booouoo 1 bootod
o ccuplo o! wordo ono night, ond than too
woo doing it...ond iotor it woo Alhort R.
wooko‘. It hoo boon rocordod thot Al woo tho
originol Town Crior. hut not oo...Whou Wooko
took owor ho wroto tho uowo itomo in hio
otylo ond did tho broodoootio; hinoolf oo
woll. my dovolopod him right into tho
choroctor ond ho woo muouolly good or it.

Aloo, in old-1921. ‘l‘ho howo rodlophono doportoo‘ut do-

oidod to orgonioo ito progrouo on o woro olohoroto ocolo.

85

54gbtg.
”Float. gatorviow. p. 20.

56.

Borototoro. tho ohowo hod boon rootrictod to phonoxroph
onoio ad nowo bullotino with on oooooionol ouoot. Sinco
tho ”otticiol" otoff of tho ototion conoiotod of o rodio-
piano oditor ond two tochnicol oon. othor nonboro of rho
iowo otgoniootion wolmtoorod to hook vioitin; thootricol
tolont.“ main; oditor uncul- u. tinny. city oditor
coouo storh ond roportoro tohort lolly. Box ubito. Al
Uooho. lltn Plont ood othoro. homtod tho locol thootoro.
woudovillo houooo ond.oootour thootrioolo ooorching for
tolont.
“hon working on tho rodio full til-o in

1921 oy joh. olou; with onnomcing. woo got-

tin; oono of tho progroo toloot. “ha 1 (int

wont up thoro 1 octuolly ocoutod for oo-o o1

tho tolout coon; pooplo 1 how. pooplo who woro

otudying ouoic with no. 1 would bring thou ovor.

I roooobor 1 brought oy oingin; toochor ovor.

troncio Firth. Thoy likod hio ond did o

oouplo ct prozrooo o wooh for o hit. 7

By Doconbor. 192l. tho rocruitin; drivo for tolout woo
ondod oo porforooro o! owory doooription pourod into tho oto-
tin. Son; plugzoro. who poid oingoro to portoro oonso in ordor
to ooll noro copioo of tho ohoot mic. uood rho Kowo focilitioo
otton. And ooll-hum portorooro. who woro in Dotroit for thoo-

tor oppooroncoo. roodily osrood to wioit tho ototiou, without

_ A _ ... ‘ __ ..A. .4.

”Plant. W. 9. n.

57.

too. in ordor to proooto tho poid locol oppooronooo.

tron ovoning progroming thot could bo doocrihod

thuo:

‘i'ho uouol concort. intoroporood with nowo
bullotiuo. will ho giwon tonight ond ovory night
oxcopt Sundoy. wooiool ooloctiono oro chongod
nightly, ond oro chooon to oowor o groot worioty"
grond oporo. ouoiool oooody. woico. bond. orohoo'
tro ond ooloo.

WJ bogou to prooont incrooood "liwo" programing.
Comlotoly unprodictohlo. bowovor. woo tho rooponoo
gluon to tho nicrophouo by tho otogo otoro who oouoontod to
oppoor on tho "11"“ ohowo. moot n. loll. oompooor of
”author Hochroo.” ”Lovo ho ond tho world io aloo." ond othor
ocngo. woo opp-oring with tho toith circuit on tho otogo of
tho roaplo Thootor in 1921. ho ogrood to portoro in tho WJ
otudioo on Docmbor 13 ond hio rooction to tho oiorophouo woo

Tho roooiwor microphono io not o wory

opprociotivo inotrunont. ot looot in oppoor-
onco. Ono oon't toll tron tho looko of [it]
whothor hio nuhor io likod or not.

Thio woo quito bottling to Ernio Boll.
8o ooug ono or two of bio looot populor our
boro. hoord no opplouoo ond tinolly loohod
ot tho tolophono [oicrophono] in o oonnor
thot rogiotorod blind rogo. And thou ho otuok

out hio tonguo ot tho inotrmont. which oomd
to roliovo hio toolingo o lot. for a; owmg
inoodiotoly into onothor ooloction.

... #_ k A. __ A A

“”5th Hooro Rodio Concort ond Loudo Howo Sorvioo.”
:33 93.93.13 Ron, soptonhor 8. 1920. p. l.

39Rodic §to£g. p. 18

58.
book rinooy. ootod omodion ood oooologiot. oodo

hio tint rodio oppooronco two doyo loto: on Doom»: 1:.

A mim thin; in commotion with
tho hroodcootin; hoo boon tho roootion o!
otoao ortioto to tho mdnoootrotiwo htonoo
dovico into which thoy pour thou omgo owl
ton-tho. l’tmk lino” rotoood to holiovo
thot ho woo not tho wiotio o! o hour. no
loorod ho woo in toolity toning to: tho
oolo ontortolnmoot o! proctiool Jokoro in
tho priwoto roo- whoro tho microphooo o! tho
tronooittio; opportuo woo locotod, until
ho hoord mic roloyod book by tolophm
tron “indoor, alt” oorooo tho rivor. In.
bonus-out, ovou oooto "otoso fright.“
hoo boon ootlood in tho «oo o! olooot
owory individul who is occootoood to
opplowoo u oooooiml notivo powor.”

Otho: ootohlo portal-on Ind poroooolitioo including
not Md Vmoo Cooko. oooodiono Von ond Schonok (Doc. 19).
no rmio Brioo (Doc. 21) oodo thou tooio dobeto on WJ.
lion “in. who oppoorod oo o oingot with tho Old lowohoyo'
loud. loto: pinod utionol {no for hot pottroyol of tho
mohiovmu “hob, shocks.”

tho prozron ochodolo. in which. thou poroouolitioo '
woro ploood. woo mound “cording to tho following tioo.
tohlo.

11 139011355 o .o. Huoio phonograph

59.

3:15 - MOO p.19. noporto ot tho Liwootock,3roin.
. Lihorty Bond and otock ntkoto,
tho Ionian (annoy) oxchonxo and
tho woothor “port.

6:25 - 6:30 9.3. mm to ”two up” inotruonto
[oorroctly diol tho ototioo -
ouoh tho oomo oo oarly tolowi-
oion'o toot pottoro]

6:30 - no: p... Stondord hodtioo otorioo wood by

Hohol Cloro Miloo.
6M3 - 7:00 p... Ropotition of. 3315 program

7:00 pm. “ginning o! rogu- ot ono
tortoinoont.9

Thio oohodulo woo oointoinod dolly. oxoopt Sway. dozing
tho olooing wontho of 1921.

Still ooothor «shoot in tho progroo oxponoioo at noon-
box. 1921. woo tho procuring of rinool’o arohootr‘o ond othor
moiool argoniootimo with oovorol ouhoro. including tho
riot Iollrooo Orchootro undo: tho ditoctioo of Arthur Bloch.

It hooooo ooonon prootico to: Dotroitoro to otogo "wirolooo
portioo” ot thoir homo ond doooo to tho "livo" oooio ooittod
by tho radio tocoivor.

Ao 1921 hmiod to o clooo. WJ prooontod Chriotooo two
’ union with Gowotnor oloa J. Grooohock. Hoyoo Joooo couoooo.
tho 8:. Row. Chorloo D. Williuo. 0.1).. liohop of tho blow]!

91m. Voooolo '9“; up' Howo Uirolooo Moldy." m
mm. 0.0“ 19. 1’21. Po lo

60.

Dimoo of Richl‘on. ond tho Row. Fr. John P. Hohicholo.
8. J.. Ptooidont of tho Uniworoity o! Dotroit. portioi~
potixm.’2
And to doomotroto ito ptogron divoroity. Ronny
Itown. odltor of. tho Exporionco Colomudvioo to: tho lm~
lm in l'ho howo.)oodo hot tint mu oppoorooco on Docu-
bor 18.”
0o Doooobor 30, o young ngorion pioniot, Gioi Soonto.
oodo hot Aoorloon concort dohot on w}. Fro- tho Cmfotoooo
noon in 'l'ho howo building. whoro tho ototioo woo now houood.
oho thrillod on oodiohoo which :ocoivod hot potforoonoo ot
”botwooo 350 ond ooo outour wirolooo ototlouo. in odditioo
to prohobly 10 timoo oo loony roooiving ooto." Ao "on on-
ioptoooiwo oogophono plocod with ito oooth opoood mt tho
otringo of tho piono cousht up tho wibrotiono ond corriod
tho- to a inotruomt which (lung thou out into lﬂ«.”“
littlo «a thio l7 you-old pioniot drooo thot oho woo ploy.

in; tho owortoro to tho grootoot you o! oxponoion tho you;

A_._.. A A A A...

”male Uofto mm smut." m w m.
mm: 25. 1921. Po 1o

”money Brown thrillo Boororo by Virolooo,"
mm Newt. Doconhor 29. 1921, p. 3.

9“"hollno Voooolo 'Pick Up‘ howo Virolooo Holody.”
m 9:90;; ﬂow-g. Docoubor 19. 1921. p. l.

61.

ototioo would ovor oxporiouoo.

zwoo though no: hod tobuilt ohd inprovod ito trooooit-
tor. oxpondod ond tofinod ito programing. onlorgod ito otoﬁ
nightly ond mod ito "otudioo" from tho cronpod qoortoro of
tbo oditaiol rocoption too- to tho ooro opociooo Conform“
noon. oll thooo ooooupliohoooto would polo whon oowporod to
thooo oodo during l922. thio woo tho yoor nortod with inhom-
tim only drooood of hotero.

 

with tho pcooihlo oxcoptiou of 1930, no othor yoor in
rodiouhiotory con notch 1922 oo tho poriod of hroodcooting'o
grootoot growth ond dowolopoont. an tho notionol lowol. coo
ototico followod oncthor in on olooot lroooiod toco to find l
opooo on tho diol. Locolly. HHJ incrooood ito pcwot. hixod
ito firot ”potocnolity." wot tho ccopotiticn c! o ototioo ic-
ttcdocod by'o rivol uowopopor. oxpondod ito otott ond ito
otwdico ond‘wotchod tho oolo o! rocoiving ooto okyrockot.

On Docowbor 12. 1921. tho Rowo ordorod o‘Hootorn
Elocttic SOC-wott ilk tronowittor'whichuwowld opototo to
tho wowo longtho hotwooh 375 ohd 600 uotoro. For tho pur-
ohooo prico of 06,680.. tho ototicn oxpondod ito hrcodcooting
horiocoo for boycnd thcoo obtoinoblo with tho Do tcroot
oquipoont.95

Tho inotollotioo of tho how tronowittor ond ito firot
broodcoot on Jonuory 28. 1922. oooood to horold tho hoginnins
ot‘GWJ'o grootoot growth yoor.

~9stho Dotroit Bowo "forchooo Ordot #9549" to‘wootorn
llocttic Coopooy. Dotroit. Hichiaon. Doconbor l2. 1921. p. l.

63.

63.
'l'ho “guitudo of tho vioiting otoro ohcwo hrightor.
Ming o oinglo wool: in Jonuory. Eddlo Contot ond ooohoro ct
hio ocopooy, who woro oppooring ot tho Conic]: in "Hidnight
loudoros” Adolo Rowlond. who woo hooding tho bill ot tho
Shnhort-Dottoit. ond Cloto newton. of tho ”ton-cu Pour hot-
tono.“ portorood on W'o owning progtoo. Dr. ldgot DoUitt
Jonoo noon-bond tho Contcr broodcoot.
tho occooico of tho onnivoroory of W1...
own no to tooinioco. l wodo oy dobot at thot
ototicn...l‘ho night 1 wont on tho oi: to: tho
tint tioo woo oodo mohlo to: no hocowoo I
not in tho otcdio Eddio Contcr ond tho put
0:. Lotono of Vionno [an Adolph iorono. fooooo
outgocn].
Contoo cliohod up on o otcol ond ooto-por-

iood o otring of dolighttol chottor...

Dr. Lorono wrooood Io...ho Iodo m oppool
tor tho wot childron of tuopo...

. do: “111:? a; hand on tho otcol ond wocitod bolt

Among tho nucrouo poroonolitioo who troopod into tho
w: otndioo doting 1922 woro: ocvio octrooooo Lillioo ond
Dorothy Gioh: Hollywood prcdocor Dowid H. alum; omono
Hodooo E—o elm; Shokoopooroon ortioto mood ll. Scthorn
ad hio wito. Julio horlowo; conodo'o cannot-Gonna lorcn

mg. ond droootiot Ccooc aniltco. rho looooo in olocot

“or to ' n
. go: Mitt Jcnoo. WM] o litthdoy W
um Augnot 2c. 1945. p. 18. '

M.

ovory tiold could ho oddod to tho liot, ond oony woro coking
thoir firot rodio oppooronco.

0n robruory 6, 1922, tho {onouo Shokoopooroon octcr
woltor Bonpdon orriwod ot tho ototion ond ogrood to doxo
oclilcqoy tron ”Ho-lot" providod thot tho otudio could ho
cloorod of oll poroounol. thio. tho onginooro oxploinod.
woo iopoooiblo, oinco thoy woro noodod to oporoto tho oqnip-
wont. still rotnoing to oppoor boi'oro onymo in tho otudic,
Boopdoo ond tho crow finolly'roochod o ccmprooioo. Bo do~
liworod tho ooliloquy to tho rodio oudionco whilo lookod in
tho wcuon‘o loworotory with o microphono hoforo him.97

Oooio Gohrilovitooh roiood hio botcn owor Tho Dotroit I
Sywphony Orchootro on Fohrnory 10. 1922, ond oodo broodcoot~
ing hiotory with tho tirot oynphony ccncort prooontod by
rodio onywhoro. It hoo hoon roportod in woriouo ototion
pthlicotiono thot thio woo o1oo‘wHJ'o firot opcnoorod brood-
coot. An oxooinoticn of tho tinonciol ototononto of tho
Dotroit Bonk ond Iroot Coupony. tho ollogod opcnoor. loilod
to produco contirootico o! thio oxponditnro.

11. howovor, tho Dotroit took did poy cortoin too for

tho right to hovo ito nono oontionod in ccnnoctico with tho

97l1tcn Plont. topo rocordod intorwiow by Robot: P.

Riooo (Windsor. antoric. Conodo). July 18. 1962. topo t.‘
cording Riooo' tiloo.

65.
ﬂywhcny contort. thio oponoorohip would prodoto HEM'o cloio
ct tho lirot poid rodio cowl-orciol, Auguot 28. 1922, o lO-oin-
wto onnouncomtbr tho Quoonohorongh corp. of Jockocn noighto.
low tort.

In my owont, tho Dotroit Symphony hroodcoot cortoinly
giwoo mu priority om m'o cloio of tho tirot brcodcoot of
o conploto omhonic cmoort (by tho ﬂow York Philhoroonic,
lovoohor 12, 1922).98

It woo oloo ohwt thio tino thot Rillioo F. ”hill"
hollidoy bogon to mrgo oo arm's tirot, toll-flodgod "por-
oonolity.“ Othoro bod priority over him oo "oxmomcoro" on
tho ototion. but Hollidoy'o rooonont wcico ond protoooionol
doliwory ondoorod his to liotonoro oo "tho voico of WI."
nolcclo hingoy hirod Bollidoy.

Tho prooonro cl tho rodic progrooo woo
gotting too otoody with night ond doy progrooo.
l wotchod Bill hollidoy of tho Grooo o Bollidoy
Advortioing Agency ploy in mtour ohowo ot tho
Dotroit Ployoro Club. Ho hod tho wolco ond ho
know ouoio. Thot night ottor tho ohow, I hirod
1111.

no bocooo tho tirot toll-(lodgod rodio
oootor ct corononioo. rho rodio rcllod into
big-tin otuff. 1 loot intoroot in it hocoooo
it woo not Journolioo. 'Ihoro woo o thootriool-
ioo toroign to tho locol city roco whoro o ”
phony io opcttod hotoro ho con opon hio month.

A A AA _L M ._._ .-

9300“. I”. RN30 0]. Wm)" gorioy , A5311 11.
1962. PO 31o

’9nlngay, p. 225.

66.

lingoy woo lotor "oxilod" to Englond oo tho London
corroopcndont for rho ﬂowo ond linolly woo tirod by tho
nowopopor. WJ'o tirot onncmcor thon rotnrnod to tho
Unitod Stotoo ond woo hirod by tho Dotroit Froo i’rooo whoro
ho oorwod oo Editoriol Dirootor until hio dooth in 1933.

but. bofcro ho loft. lingoy bod pickod o winnor.
mly o hondtol of w: porforooro howo oornod tho odoroticn
hoopod upon hollidoy. born in 1891 in Wyoming, mic. Rollidoy
ottondod public ochoclo in Pittoburgh ond Tyron. Pmoylvooio.
no o1oo otndiod o "couroo" ot lucknoll thimoity. Sinco hio
grondtothor. Jcooph R. louoy. bod boon prooidont ct tho
woboob hoilrood. ond hio (othor ouporintondont of tho 1.. A.
6 8. noilrood. o bronch of tho Ponnoylvonio. it woo undon-
otondoblo thot young hollidoy would to drown into tho tro-
ditimol tonily trodo.

locouoo ho didn't liko roilrcoding ond proforrod o
widor fiold of poroonol ccntoct ond o oodico ct crootiwo
uproooicn, ho londod in tho odwortioing booinooo with tho
Joooph Richordo Col-pony aid lotor Joinod tho odwortioing
doportoont of tho burrcugho Adding Hochino Coopmy. At
Wroogho ho oditod tho gull otin,o coupony houoo orgon,
mdor tho poo nooo Bill Boll Iloir, o nooo ho uood 1otor
in m g m, o oporto oogooino publiohod by hollidoy

67.

ond blo portnor. ldword R. Grooo.1°°

8o woo tho non whooo waldo and potoonollty
woro roooznlood. thou owoltod. ond flnolls bolavod
in tho oooourolooo onphithootor of rodlol 1

(boo tho flat wandot-ont of tho rodlo
woo poot ond lt boson to «no late oodorn
llto oo o {nod octlwlty. tho voloo of mu
or "3111" ooon tool. on o poroouollty. ‘l‘horo
woo o trtondly wornth, on urging soyoty ohout
thot wolco thot otlrrod roopauolvo wot-nth
in tho burn of non ond wanton. Fran tho
oudloneo oooo hundtodo of lottoto thonklng
tho ooh thoy know only oo o oot of lultlolo.1°1

no woo o non of unnouol vigor and of mtloggln; lntoroot
to on} ootlvlty which dlrodtly or lndltootly touchod tho puhllo.
Bollldoy woo o non-bot of tho Ployoro oad ootod ond wroto duo-oat
drouo. And ho coupoood mold, ployod tho plono, woo octlvo la
tho hoord of Comorco, wroto onythln; from ﬂatten to ototlotl.
ool ortloloo. ond oomod o llvln; oo on odltor, o mololon. o
roportor. o ooloonon, o todlo onnomoor. on odwottlolng mogu-

out! o pubushu.‘°3

100"“. p. 801114.] Dood," m Detrogg Reno. Juno 30.
1916. p. l.

101‘?rlondo Corry Hollldoy to out Am m mun."
IE... Dotroit Rowo. July 3, 1926, p. 1.

101w. r. sumo-y Dead." 1121 2.2.2.22»; 2512.. Jun. 3°-
1926. p. 1.

1O’Coclt'go w. Stork. "Ho Old Til-on." E8. Dogrggg low;
Auzuot 21, 1961. p. 8.

68.

In oddltlco to cox-wing tho ototloo oo "ito wclco."

Rollldoy woo oloc Ptogtoo Monogor ond chlo! tolont count,
and, ot tho ooao tinc, cporotod o ouccoootnl odwortloln;
ogosooy. Groco o Rolltdoy.

mo of tho porforuoro during Hollldoy'o tolgn. Dr.
Lwclonno Hmfctt. o cmcort plonlot. rocollod hot oxpoxlooco

oooo yooro lotor.

l room-hot 1t oll oc woll...m.lllon
Bollldoy woo oootor ct coroncnloo. onoomcor.
ond olocot owotything oloo, ovon to oppoor-
oocoo oo olngor ond plono ployor...0n Iy {loot
prcgrou oppoorod Front: Horgon, thou I hon.
otollo ooto: ond ottorword to hocono low
to tho ocvloo...

Onoo tho concort woo cwor. ovoryono
otood orcmd otorln; ot tho tolophono. lt
boson to this. In thcoo doyo. ooythln;
owou opyrcoohlng ontottolnuont woo ooro to
produco o otoro o! collo tron hoororo, soot
of when ooonod ootmlohsg thot thoy hod
hoord onythlng ot oll.

Aoothor "poroouollty" who aolnod locol todlo 1...
ln oorly 1922 woo Alhott Loron "ooto. known to tho oudlooco
oo ”Tho town Crlor.” Although ho dld not tooch tho public
otottn'o onjcyod by Hollldoy. wooko' htcodcooto drow ouch
occlolo for tholr crlgmollty ond wlt.

wooko woo horn in Roohootot, now York, on my 3l. l8”.
ho ottondod lootorn High School to Rochootor ond woo goodwotod

lM'W-ihon Rodio woo A larval." 1‘19. _______§Dotrol 59.3.9.-
Augmt 21. 191.5. v- 12.

69.

(too Control High School in Dotroit in l906. Your yooro lotor.
ho tocoiwod tho hocholcr of Arto douoo from tho mivoroity of
Hichixomlo‘.’

”ginning hio ootoor on tho otoff of tho Dotroit troo
Prooo in 1910 oo o ropcrtor. ho loto: oovod to tho now do-
{mot Dotroit Trihmo in 1912 oo tologroph oditor ond ooon
hocooo city oditor. In 1913, ho joinod tho out! of. rho howo
whoro ho oorwod onccoooivoly oo o roportor, drooo oditor ond
litoroty critic ond whoro hio work goinod for hio on into:-
noticnol toputotion.

Ao WJ'o ”Town Ctior.” o lohol which proviouoly hod
boon worn by Elton Plont ond Box Whito, Wooko onplcyod o
ringing boll to horold hio nowocooto, which woro fillod with
honor ond ootiricol choorvoticno on tho hopponingo of tho doy.

In 1926. ho loft 'i'ho Rowo ond mm to toko tho oditor-
ohip of tho MAS. 3 93119;. tho oogooino pnhliohod hy hio
old friond. hill Hollidoy. ond which woo dowotod to oporto.
thootor. litorotoro, tioonco. foohiono. oocioty md hm.1°6

Following Hollidoy'o dooth, Wooko hocooo oditor of tho m-

m, ond tro- 1929 to 1932, ho woo giwon conploto ohotgo ct

‘ __._A _._‘ ‘4 A .—

10"’"Alhoo't Vooko honod Moguino Editor." 193 29533;;
2331 Pros . Notch 15. 1926, p. 2‘.

10511334.

70.

Hotropcliton Hotion Pictuto Compony'o crootiwo, dirocting

ond voico rocording octivitioo. ho novor roturnod to

hroodcooting, which hod givon hio hio grootoot {comm7

Coot ooido woo o tolont which Goorgo‘w. Stork lotor
dooorihod oo "antic goniuo"m8 and o ohow collod "tho moot
populor footuro of tho progtomo."

Porhopo tho moot pcpulor footuro of tho
prczrono, ot looot until tho crgonizotion of
Tho Dotroit Hows Orchootro, woo tho Town Criot.
At firot ho hold to tho troditiono of holloon,
and xovo o nightly digcot of tho doy'o nowo,
with running ccmmont. 31o whinoicolity woo oc
oppooling thot foncy nltinotoly took prooedonco
cvor toot. Tho ononynity which ot firot chor- 109
octoriood tho Town Crior could not ho mointoinod...

Tho {itot intoroot dioployod by HWJ in joining with othor
ototiono in o notwork como Fohrnory 13. 1922. whonxworron s.
Booth. thon.Aooiotont Buoinooo honogor of Tho Nowo ond oo of thio
writing Ptooidont of tho Evoning Nowo.Aoocciotion, oont o lotto:
to‘W. S. Gifford. thon Vico-Prooidont of tho.Aooricon Tolophono
ond Tologzoph Conpony

hr. [1. 21.] Ryon [who hod inotollod tho now

SOO-wott tronooittor for Tho lowo in Jonuory] ooid
thot ho undorotcod thot you would coon ho orgoniood

107”“ Wooko Joino Scott of Pictnro Compony,” IE!
Dotroit News, July 31. 1932, p. 16.

1(”Goon-go U. Stork, "Ho Old Timon." 11;; Detroit
ﬂows. Anguot 21, 1941. p. 1.

1°9Rodic Stoff. p. 20.

71

to diotrihuto to oil of thooo ototiono by wiro
opoochoo ond tho liko. which oro of noticnol io-
pcrtonco. ond to hroodooot hy rodio from oooh
cf thooo ototiono. Thio io indood o wory intor-
ooting dovolovnont ond Tho Rowo io oworo thot if
your compony gooo into thio, it will do co in o
wholo-hoortod woy...

Ho oro wondorin; whothor wo could ocoo to
ocoo ogroooont whoroby Tho Now would ho con-
noctod by wiro with your oonding ototion ond
hroodcoot thooo opociol things o1oo; with your
own rodic ototiono ooottorod ohout tho country.
0! couroo thoro would not ho ony groot rumor
of owonto of notionol intoroot but whon thooo
occurrod. it would oortoinly bo grootly to m
odvontozo to ho hookod no with your oyotoa. 1

Apporontly Gifford did not roopcnd imodiotoly to
hooth'o highly originol omooticn. but ultinotoly thio wory
orrongonont linkod W1 ood my in tho firot noticml notworh
of ototicno.

m Morch l. 1922. tho loool 0. s. hodio Inopoctor.

s. w. Edwordo, cont o roquoot to tho Coaliooicnor of lowigotion
ookins thot Tho ﬂowo ho ollowod to chongo ito coll lottoro. Ao
ho ooploinod tho prohloox

Tho Dotroit lowo... hoo hod o xroot dool ’
of difficulty with tho coll lottoro W31. which
hovo hoon oooiznod to thoir ototion. Thoy hovo
ohown Io o nuxohor of cordo ond lottoro fro-
diotont pointo in which it io ototod thot tb
ooll lottoro of tho ototion do not oorry woll
ond oro not oooily diotinzuiohohlo. Thio
nowopopor hoo roquootod no to toko up with
tho Buroou tho oottor of o ohongo in ooll

A 4. AA .L

noLottox: to H. 8. Gifford. Vico-Prooidont. Aurioon
Tolophono ond Tolozroph Coupony. from Horror: 5. Booth. Aoot.
luoinooo Honosor, Tho Dotroit lowo. l'obruory 13. 1922, NJ Tiloo.

71.

lottoro ond thoy hovo roquootod no to oocortoin

if it will ho poooiblo for thou to howo tho coll
lottoro of ma. or M. It io roopoctfully roc-
cuondod thot thoy bo grontod tho chonso in coll
lottoro.1n

Si: doyo lotor, o roply woo rocoiwod:

You will oloo ooto your coll hoo boon
chonxod from Hm. to WJ. Thio 1o ohout oo
good oo wo could do in tho oottor of coll
lottoro ond wo hopo you will find thou ootio-
foctoryJu

Thuo. tho ototicn'o porwonont coll lottoro. fornorly
uood by o wooool in tho Atlontic Coootol trodo, woro ootob-
liohod. And tho logond thot tho ototion woo noood oftor o
poroon. noooly H. J. Scrippo. ohould ho put to root.

Vioiting Row Tcrk on buoinooo. w. I. Scrippo roooiwod
o diotroooinx tologroo m Notch 11. 1922.

mum to ram SAYS TREE PRESS to amuse ’
onwusrmc um) sow AS WESTERN ELECTRIC
coo omvn A mnmmcm some As was. mum:
tumzc nasnvns Chasm roa smmc Steam
moo. In omen. u m! nests: on son ram
snow.» or LEAST autumn us PREFERENCE to ALL
canons rm and mcam’aonas. LOUDSPEAKERS, An-
nuuns. roars. arc. no snow.» saw 02 inmo-
cosrma norms. ALSO our rm moss non
ORCHESTRA BALLAD

1nLottort to Ccmiooionor of howiaoticn. Doport-ont of
Moo. woohingtcn. D. 0.. tron s. U. Edwordo. U. 8. nodio
lnopoctor. Podorol Building, Dotroit. Horoh 1. 1921.

uzuttor to Horton s. Booth. Aoot. Iuoinooo runogor.
Tho Dotroit llowo from 8. H. Edwordo. 0. 8. Rodio lnopoctcr.
Yodorol Building. Dotroit. notch 6, 1922. WJ l‘iloo.

luTolozroo from U. S. tooth to H. I. Scrippo. hotol
lilttocro. II. T.. Morch 11. 1922. WJ Piloo.

A .- A 4A A

73.

Thio woo indood unploooont nowo for WU. For now
it would bo nocoooory to ohoro tho prociouo broodoooting
bud oooisnod to ototiono in 1922 with Tho ﬂowo' orch riwol.
Ulti-otoly. Tho howo would bo roquirod to curtoil ito brood-
cooting doy to ollcw tho Froo Prooo to on tho oooo froquonoy,
oinco tho plon for multiplo froquoncioo bod not. oo yot. boon
for-ulotod.

To outword oppooroncoo. WJ oooood uncoocornod obcut
thio turn of owonto oo it continuod to prooont o oorioo of
forty Lonton ooroono, cno ooch doy. which boson on Hooch l.
Tho progrooo woro oollod Wt Lont hoono to tho Cool-unity"
ond clorgynon of oll dononinotimo prowidod tho oorocno for
thio broodcootin; ”firot.” Tho Rt. Row. hichool J. Golloxhor.
tooon Cotholio Biohop of tho Diocooo of Dotroit; tho Rt. Row.
Chorloo D. Willim. Epioocpol Biohop. ond hiohop Thocdoro s.
Bonorocn, woro coon; thooo who oodo oddroooooJ“

0n mrch 15. 1922. Tho Rowo rodic ototion brcodcoot
tho comtry’o firot “mining poroono" ropcrt. Albino Tonnoo'

Plains. tho u-yur-old odoptod oon of Hillioo Honing. rm
owoy from homo with St. Louio oo hio dootinoticn. Tho pclico

in oovorol citioo woro olortod but woro unoblo to locoto tho

AA___ 4 4A A __ A

114mm. Tho Dotroit Rowo, "WJ firoto" (hiuoxrophod
unuocript. 1950). p. h.

7o.
boy. finolly. on onotour cporotor in Tolodo. who hod hoord
tho WJ broodooot. sowo tho hoy'o doocription to tho notrcn
of tho Juwonilo dotontion homo in tho Ohio city ond oho
idontifiod ono of hor chorgoo oo tho oiooin; Flowing boy.
A fow wooko lotor. mothor niooin; boy, William Doro, woo
locotod in oluoot tho oono nonnor. Thooo two incidonto
ouuootod tho widor uoo of rodic to oooiot tho polioo in
trockin; crioinolo ond rocovoring otolon proporty. Tho
focilitioo of WJ. thorofcro, woro cfforod to Moyor Joooo
Cocoono who onoworod:

Glod to occopt your offor. mtil tho tioo
conoo whon wo con ootohlioh our own oondinz oto-
tion, tho gonorouo ond publiooopiritod cffor of
Tho Dotroit how will ho glodly occoptod. l howo
wotchod tho dowolopoont of rodic cod 1 con cloorly
ooo ito innonoo pcooihilitioo in tho copturo of
crininolo flooin; tho city.113
Polico Lioutonont l’otto, who hod firot ougzootod tho

on of rodic for polico work in o opoooh on WJ Docoohor 11..
1921. imlonontod tho plon undo: tho dirocticn of Hilliolo P.
nutlodso. thou ouporintondont of tho Dotroit Pclico. no.

coivin; ooto woro inotollod in prooinct ototiono ood lotor

in Polico Hoodquortoro. Thio dovolcpnont 1od ultiuotoly to
tho ootobliohoont of user, Dotroit. tho um polico rodio
ototion. Rutlodgo. incidontolly. io o1oo gonorolly croditod

with tho idoo cf cmicotin; with o min; occut cor.

mm.

7S.

Liotonoro woro so concomod with tho plight of Albino
lining. thot tho rodic dobut of o young cmdion ond wit. Will
homo. on horch 15, woo olooot loot in tho othor rodic nowo
hoodlinoo. No doyo lotor. Elmo Colvo. tho diotinguiohod
oporotio oopronc. oodo hor rodic dohut on W3.

0:: notch 22. 1921, ot 9:30 o.-.. tho houoohold oditor
of Tho Dotroit ﬂowo. boo. hyrtlo Colkino. otoppod to tho
WJ oicrcphcno ond grootod tho oudionco. “Good Morning.
Sworybcdy." Thuo boson ono of tho moot populor woun'o
footuroo hoord on RAJ. ”Dinnor by Rodin," o mono-plowing
progroo. Originolly dooignod to intoroot roodoro in Tho
howo wooon'o footuroo. it grow in pcpulority ovor tho yooro
oo owidoncod by tho nil oont to tho woun'o doportnont by
liotonoro. hoforo tho progroo bogon. lottoro to tho doporto
Iont nuuborod obcut 300 por wook. By 1930. obcut 3.000
lottoro o wook. or o yoorly totol in «con of 156.000.woro
rocoiwod. giving proioo to tho progroo oorioo.nr'

Tho Uniworoity of Michison boson oxtonoion courooo

by rodic on lurch 31. Locturoro. orronxod by Profooocr H. D.
Hondorocn. in tho 11.14. of public hoolth. public”oducoticn.

oodorn ociontific dowolopnonto. ohoniotry ond ootrcncny. woro

u‘tllo Gordon saith. ”Rodic Dinnoro 8 Tooro on Air."
11;: Dotroit Nowo. Auguot 20. 1930. p. 19.

76.

prooontod by UNJ.117

Concornod ovor tho incroooing popularity of rodic. tho
Aooociotod Prooo ioouod on odict oorly in 1922 thot nono of
tho nowo ouypliod by tho wiro oorwico would bo owoiloblo to
broodcootin3 ototiono. howovor. on Morch 31. whon o oloot
ond ico otor- follod tologroph poloo ond wiroo. tho.A. P..
ond othor nowo oorwicoo. turnod frontioolly to othor noono
of trononitting otorioo to»oomhor nowopoporo throughout tho
ototo. Tho lntornotionol hows Sorwico (1.3.3.) oont out
roporto of tho hopponinzo in Lonoing uoinzﬂwa'o focilitioo
ond oupplooontod thio oorvico with o fow bullotino oondwichod
botwoon coonorciol ccrroopondonco cvor tho Chioo3o*wiro of tho
‘wootorn Union. tho only lino thot did not go down during tho
otoro. Tho.Aooociotod Prooo ond tho Unitod Prooo sot loot of
thoir horch 31 nowo through during o throo-hour lull botwoon
tho otorno whon tho linoo woro tonpororily ropoirod.

0n Soturdoy..April l. with tho otoru otill toxin; ond
tho linoo down ogoin. tho.A. P. owollcwod ito prido ond oont
ito Dotroit corroopondont. Dowid J. Wilkio. to tho HWJ otudico.
wilkio hurriodly wroto tho nowo copy ond tho RHJ onnouncoro
rood it. whilo A. P. oubocrihoro ot tho Adrion Tologron. tho
Lonoing Stoto Journol. tho Joohoon Citioon-Fotriot. ond othor

117Kolly ond noyoo. p. 81.

77.
out-ototo nowopoporo. hirod court otoncgrophoro to copy tho
itono. Poporo oll ovor Hichigon corriod tho lino. "Epociol
Diopotch by WHJ Rodicphcno." on oovorol ot0tioo soturdoy
night. Sundoy ond Mondoy. whon tho rogulor ooono of communi-
ooticn woro ro-ootobliohod.118

Through tho uoo of old nowopopor clippingo. o typiool
prosron of horoh. 1922. hoo boon roconotruotod. {Although
Inch of tho notoriol io corny ond dotod now. it oomno worth-
whilo to troco o oinglo progroo from hoginning to ond in
ordor to ooooino tho olooonto of ontortoinmt which convriood
on cfforing by‘WRJ during thio poriod. .A doocription of tho
progtoo. printod tho noxt doy. night hovo rood liko thio:

Fivo nomboro of tho Dotroit Ployoro govo o nowol
‘wirolooo concort loot night thot woo onjoyod horo ond ocrcoo
tho North.Anoricon continont. Tho ovonhng otortod off whon
‘Hillioo hollidoy onncunccd that tho ovoninz hod boon turnod
cwor to thooo gontlooon ond thot ho would not ho hold to-
oponoihlo for onything thot hopponod. Tho firot nuubor on-
nonncod woo o locturo on wirolooo tolophcny byuhl Rooko. who
for onny yooro hoo oodo o doop otudy of thio norwolouo ocionco.

WEEKS: Noah woo tho firot wirolooo oyorotor.

with hio dovo. Tho ooocnd woo non Front-
lin. who got oc nod whon lightning ottuch

A 113”RodioPhono Giwoo Michigan Poporo Howo Whoa Sloot folio
Vino." M 9.- ;Mlithot. April 8. 1922. p. 12.

78.

hio now kito thot ho tomdod tho ﬁotur-
doy honing Foot. 0: oooroo. oll you
mio tono know whot own» on hovin;
ooon thodo Soto. And Wotto oto woty
hord to got rid o! oo thoy oro so tiny.
moo hovo groan oo grootly in populority
thot o Bottor all. Hook woo tooontly
hold in Dotroit. l'd liko to loowo with
ono loot wornin; to tho mtooto. Don't
wind you: ornotoro too tightly or you'll
brook tho ooiooprinp

Willioo c. Lorohon. hotitono. oinxo two o1 hio fomito

oonp. “Io-o1 Lod" ond ”Hob tindy Loo'l

(Load Applouoo (too tho group gothorod oround tho otodto.)

John J. Ploth dolivoto tho Kiplin; pool. ”Mao Din.”

WY:

suns:
mmt:

SIAM:

ond ”Tho shooting of non Macaw."

Who'o noxtl Ah. thoro’o Son Slodo.
Uhotoho goin' do. Son?

Goon I'll tooito mango Din.

No. you ooa't do thot. Jock floth Soot
sovo no on: M8. dinnot (ohookloo).
0h.woll thou. goon l'll oins o oons.
(Tho hoooo tondoro tho otio from Silo:
hoooonogro. by Vordi. ond to topootod
dooondo (too oolloto on tho tolophonoo.
ho toopmdod with "Tho Mimosa")

woltot onnton woo noxt mmood with hio 'oollo.

('l‘horo follmod o torritio out-rout
with tho omomding ployoro. who in-
oiotod it woon't o oollo. thot tho
loot tioo tho: oow ltuit woo o nioo
littlo blond violin. Tho) wontod to
know whot loynton hod boon («ding it
to ooto it grow oo foot.) ho linolly
ployod Alto by Schulonn.

Cum 1'. Relation ployod "‘l'ho anon-n mad. Prom.”

Al Joloon'o "My Littlo Bil-ho. Down a o
Bonboo lolo." ond "Forowoll. annoy. rot-o
rhoo uoll." on tho piono.

79.

8011.11)“: thot concludoo tho ovoniny'o onto:-
toinoont on tho port of. tho Ployoto.
'i'ho ochodulod tioo to ond thio pro-
groo pooood bolt on how: oso. Goodnight.

tho rodic oudionco liotonod oo tho Ployoro woro op-
ploodod by potoono coiling Chotty 7500 in otdot to
giwo it not tho tolophcno.

Tho owning toll: on Tho howo ionic My Contoot
woo oodo by moo Edith a. Ruohokom. who loctnrod on
tho conpoooto Rubinotoin ond Lint. 'i‘ho forlor'o

Molody in I ond Lioot'o 8‘1!er Ehopoody woro thou
ployod.

And o typicol ovoninx'o ontortoinoont for o rodic noun-
or in 1922 hod ondod. mo wondoro it rodic hoo toolly chonxod
too ouch in tho poot forty youth“,

a: Aytll 2. W1 ond tho Hichizon Agricultorol Collogo
Wotod in o locturo com-co by rodiophcno. Dovid M. hidoy.
Ptooidont o! H. A. 0.. ooid of tho broodcooto. ”For-or ond
city son will ho brought clout togothornclooor thou ovor
bototo hy ooo of Tho Dotroit Bowo' todioyhono.”u°

In on otfort to proooto tofomticn ond intoroot hio
bond “on in world ovonto. wot-don a. L. Burlhurt brought
tho Jockoon Priocn loud to tho the.) otodioo on April 9. 1922.

Tho bond potion-coco obotod tho oooo moaning log

with tho Contoto can; ot st. Pool'o Epiocoool Cothodrol.

nJocloptod (too "hurry Hodloy Uottod Moo." :9; m
£129.: latch 29. 1922. p. 6.

uotony ond loyoo. p. 31.

30

Min. tho tutor oooom oi 1922. 112.1 ontotod into on orronzoooot
with St. tool'o. whotohy tho ototion would bo ollowod to ﬂood-

out tho tootot Contoto om; in tho church on Polo Sundoy ond

tho looming ond owning oorvicoo on lotto: Boy.

rhuothoCothodrolwoonolcnsorcno
ootoly of otmo of otchitoctorol diocnoicco.
but ono whooo oyoﬁc wollo onccopooood ooot
of tho continmt. 1

Hhon tho now. Horton L. nogoro otoppod to tho pulpit
o2 tho Cothodrol to opon tho omiooo on April 9. ho bogoo o
htoodcootin; ootioo which hoo contincod unintottoptod ovory
smdoy oioco 1922. m1) mn'o hroodcooto (too tho Colwory
Church in Pittohorgh. which boson on Jonuory 2. 1921. oto
oldot. Sioco KDKA cortioo only o liainuto progn- frco tho
church. WJ'o St. Poul'o hroodcooto homo boon honorod oo tho
oldoot church omiooo in Anorico.

Prod Voting ond hio Ponnoylvoniooo oodo thoit rodio
dohot n W: my 2. 1922. Voting hod oppoorod ot o Uoiwotoity
of Mchlm J‘Bop in Jonoory. 1922. ond Hillioo hollidoy woo
in tho oodionoo. Aftot tho donco. Bollidoy ookod tho Ponnoyl-
vooiono to own: on tho ototion. but it woon't until uoy thot
thoy woro oblo to occopt tho offor. howord Piotco. production
oonogot of tho Kmoky-Trondlo thootticol intotooto. hootd tho

A”; __ ‘..._.._.. ....- At.‘ _.A ... A

111323;: mg. 9. u.

81.

broodcnot and offered haring ond hio group a wook'o engage-
oont ot tho now defunct Foraccunt Theater. Tho group played
tho wook for which they had contracted and 12 additional

wooko.

Small wondcr that hoostro Waring has a
warm opot in his hccrt tor Lotrcit and WhJ.
Ho may call his hoyo tho Ponnoylvaniano. gut
thoir otort was really made in ﬁichigun.1 ‘

0! course. hnring‘o contribution to HWJ won {or woro
iogorthnt than tho pragran ho prcccntod on tho ototion. hhilo
ho was at wta, Holliday rcvoalod to hcring that ho woo looking
for on oooiotant program oanogor--oocoono who could also help
hio with tho growing announcing choroc. Holliday aloo wanted
to train a likely cuccocoor. since to hcpod to loavo tho
broadcasting tiold in ordor to dovoto woro time to hio od-
vortioing huoincoo. In talking with toring. Hollidoy diocuvorod
that thoy both had grown up in tho small town of Tyron. Pennsyl-
vonio. and that they had a mutual friend, Edwin llcyd Tyoon.
whring ouggootcd, co the logcnd goon. that Hollidoy hiro Tyson.
This remark by Waring would bring to th, on Kay 17. 1922. ono
of tho ototion'o host-known voicoo.

Born Kay 11. 1885. in Phillipohurg, renncylvonio. “Ty'
Tyson cttondod Tyron High School and tuna State Collage for two
years studying forcotry. In oddition to two years at oilitury
ocrvico with tho 28th Livicion in world hur 1, Tyson worked for

o timo in the retail coal business. a wall paper and stationary

 

1zzocorgo w. ﬁtork, 'HhJ Link to Post Honored by haring'c
M1ch1gondoro,‘ Tho lotrcit have, Schtombcr 2 , 1936. p. 3.

82.

store, on e paper maker in the Heat Vuce roger Hill and an a
Eeronntile Apprnicer for Elair County Yonneylvanie.

In the spring of 1922, after developing successive
allergies to the fields of endeavor an outlinod above, fycon
received the following telegram:

ELTHL 175' A55 Pi! AﬁSlf’i-Tﬁﬁ'f STU? 123
EVE. 2Tb? 911.1. EQLLIZLAY K'fsi'fIiLH KEJ

3:3. I -AE‘.Y AT'E‘R.‘.C?

Cnocoloyed at the time, Tyson couldn't afford to oak
questions, and so he wircd back:

WELL?" ?
Holliday's rcply come right to the point:
AT C 51C :.2.-

And .0, without knowing what broadcasting «no, Tyson
became a broadcaster. Harare he retired in Enron, 1953, after
core than thrce cocoons as n to: personality, Tyson had on-
deared himself to legions of listeners. Few person: in the
entire spectrum of broadcasting won more friends than 'iy.‘ When
be celebrated his 25th Anniversary in broadcasting in i9“?. this
plea was published in The Eetroit Noun.

Jerry Roore, assistant conngcr of the Fort

Shelby hotel route to enrhucizo that the banquet

Konday night at the hotel in Ty's honor is on in-

vitational affair.

Hooro'a tolephone has been ringing constantly

with calls from person» who want to buy blocko of

tickote for the grant. he says if they sold tickets.

they woo‘d hnvo to stage the banquet in Briggs
Stadium. 3“

 

123x31 hiasnan, "Ty Tyson Fiogrnphy' (typewritten unnu-
script), HHJ files, 9. i.

12“'Tyeon Honorcd Aftor 25 tours on hadiO,‘ The retroit
"QW.. ng 25. 19“?. p. “0

83.

In the name article, it who aloo noted that five
Ictroit radio stations, othor than KRJ, would solute Tycon;
and the list of thoae cottons uttcnding the banquet reads
like a tho'e tho of Lotroit'a most famous citizens.

Although Tyson draw ccuntlcno announcing assignments
during his long and distinguished career with WtJ, including
broadcasts of the Letroit symphony orchestra, the opening of
the ﬁzbnsoador Bridge and the arrivolo of fraoidonto and
other fnnouo hormone, it was hit anorto broadcasting, especially
his play-by-nluy doecriptionc of baooboll conch. which gained for

him his grootost recognition.

V311 CCti‘JF'it'IITICN COMES TO BMBOIE

Since radio stations by the dozens were being oatab-
lished across America, it was inevitable that Tho Howe would
on. day hora comootition on the Dotroit broadcasting scone.
What had.boen a rumor on March 11. 1922, became a reality on
may h, when tho Detroit Free Press announced that it would
begin programming on its new station, wcx. The official
notification came to The News in a letter from D. E. Carson.

Commissioner or the Bureau of Navigation.

There is enclosed a cepy or the schedule
of hours of your station and that of tho Detroit
Free Press. Tho original of this copy was at-
tached to the license of ghe Dotroit Free Press
which was issued today. 2

126 May a, tho Froo Press signed

OnLThursdny evening,
on at 8:30 p.m. with an claboroto program which included ap-
poarancon by Nichignn Governor Alox Grooobook, University of
Michigan Froaidont Er. ﬂarion leroy Burton, Free Freon poet-
humoriat Edgar A. Guest and a group of performers, including

Valbort P. Coffey, pianiet, who lator gained considerable

125Lottor to The rotroit News from D. E. Carson,
Commissioner, Puroau of Navigation, Washington, D. 6..
may h, 1922, UWJ Files.

126Preliminary teats woro mode may 2.

8k

85.

{one no a member of the kRJ otcff.127
The News, as night bo oxooctod, laohod out at hCX in

an editorial which ottoootod to oxalain tho cuddled situation.

Cnly cno wovo longth_hod boon allottod

by low for broadcasting. That won 350 notoro.

Eur unotnwr station to start in thoro would

have to ho legislation providing for tho use

of oono OtUEF ano length and the prooont

naval regulationo do not provide for thot.

3o thoro was noth ng else for tho Howartoont

of Commerce to do but allot hours of sanding

until ouch tire no Congress can provido by law

still other wove longtho.i£

Tho linitod coomorcial lioonoo, which won issued to
Tho Eotrcit ﬁowo on oorll 5, 1922, corriod tho ochodulo by
which the threo exizting atotiono in Eotroit had egrood to
share the avoilablo broadcasting times using tho some wave
length. The third ototion was ownod by the Ford Rotor
Ccupnny and was uoﬁd for ‘nnrrOwcnntlng,” or the trons-
micoion of 'intoroffioo‘ information between tho congnny
headquarters in Toortorn to othor plantﬁ and officon around
the city. It won not conoidorod a hindoronco to the owa
coorotion, crab bly tocouoo no entortninmont woo rrooontod
and bocuuco too Ford ”otor Cononny did not ooll newsonporo,
as tho tron Eroos did.

at the Cffico of tho radio Inooootor in tho iodoral

Huilding. Lotroit, use thiof Anginoor toward 3. Coorhcll

uw‘“ —— -———-—A

127'Lotroit Free iross' tango Coono,’ retroﬁt Froc
frees, Fay k, ZCEE, p. i.

 

 

lzg'an-onn Explanation." The lotroit “9W5: 3“? “I
1922. p. 1:. .

86.

named with "pros-ouch“ from tho Ford hotor Company
and tho 1:“ Pun. that the following nobodulo would be

uintaincd for tho thru month period. Aytll 3. 1922 to

Angus: s. 192:.129

7.233.229; £9.29. £32.23.

:00-9:30 o.n. 9:30-10:30 c.n. 10:30-11:03 c.l.
2:00-3:00 p... 12:05-12:55 y... 12:50- 2:00 pm.
6:15-3:00 p... 3:00- 0:15 9.3. 10:00-11:00 p...

(tcntctivc)

W to be divided as follows:

Wonk of Moy 1: News 7:00-0:30 9.3. (Providod‘rrco
Press in road] to cporctc)
Fro. Pros. 8:30-10:00 p.I.

Huh of my 7: Pro. Pro“ 1:00-8:30 p...
ﬂown 0:30-10:00 pm.

Thou mks to to cltcmctcd for tho owning hours.

1933.22:
Sunday. My 7: In. Pros. 9:30 cum-2:00 9...
low. 2:00 pun-0:00 pm.
Free Pro" 0:00 pun-6:00 p...
In. 6:00 pan-10:00 p...

Sway schedule 0! hour: to be alternated «ch wok.
Ford later withdraw from the diviaicn of tin. schedulc.
luring only the It“ Pro“ and The new to partition the

broadcast day.

The new: cporotion was obviously shaken by the Pro.

Pun intrusion u "fl-cud in its oditcrici pug“.

A i__ ._

129Mplrtmt of Cameron. Bureau of navigation.

Radio Sax-vice. Liccngo {33; Land Radio 35.353031: :93. Q2.
Clcu Li-itcd Commercial. Avril 6. 1922. typmittcn inurt.

87.

Thia was tho aitootion whon tho Dotroit Proo
Prooa daoidod to brook in on Tho Dotroit Iowa and
dooandod at tho Government that it. too. bo o1-
1ottod houro...

Beginning tonight Tho Dotroit nova will to on
ito now oohodulo o! houro and it hao ovary hopo,
with its ouporior aqoipooot and ion; oxporioooo in
tho huoioooo. of continuing tho oorvioo it hao
built up for ito raadora...

tho how: oioply praaonta tho tooto in tho proo-
ant oituotion...(oo that ito roadoro) nay undoratand
that tho coming intorforonoo with thoir happy hour
with thgbr radio ooto ia in no way any fault of thio
pIPCto

Tho founding of tho Frao Prooa ototion woo part of a
national growth in tho noobar of hroodoaoting oot1oto in oarly
1922. On March 10, 1922. thoro woro 67 1ioanaod radLOrBIOOd‘
oaating atationo in tho Unitod Statoa. .And on.Apri1 26, joat
b7 daya 1ator. 210 ototiono woro on tho air. {An avorogo of
throo and coo-ninth ototiona woro pot on tho air ovary day,

including Sundoyo. doting tho oI-day POIiod.131

Much of tho intoroot in ostabiiohin; broadcasting ata-
tiooo ooa kindlod by tho “boon" in tho solo of roooivin; ooto
and tho ooooonont yorto hood for tho oonatruotion of ooto. And
for oaoh rioo in tho nuohar of roooivaro. thoro appoarod to ho
an oqoally largo doooud for an itoroaao in tho nuobor of trono-

aitting ototiooa.

—‘— —-—n A A... _.

IJWJ“AD mlm‘ta‘a" 33.12. 95339.3 Mo "‘7 ‘9
1922. p. 12.

131Joy 0. Haydon. ”Broadcasting Stationo Juno to 210
in Honth,"1;_.ootroi§ loo ..April 26. 1922, p. 1.

88.

:y uovombor 1. 1922, tho national aituotion hod bo-
cooo almost inpooaiblo with 554 stations: liconsod to oporato.
a amoy node in Pobroory, 1923, ohowod that about half tho
ototiona liconood to that timo woro auociatod with radio or
olootricol ooocorna. host in inpartonco caoo odooationol
ad roligiooa inotitotiona. nowapaporo and publicationo and
doportoont otoroo. Tho groatoot mortality rota woo anon;
ototicno oporotod by radio and oloctrioal ooocorno.‘32

'l‘ho oxiotin; rodic lava. which had boon opociticolly
dooignod to rogulato tho oao o! wiroloaa tologrophy by tho
aaritioo indootry and a tow wiroloaa orporinootoro. did not
odoqoatoly provido for tho now application of radio to progra-
broodcaotinz. and confooim in tho liconainz of atationo and
aaaignoont ct wavo longtho on tho rooult.

with tho growth of radio in 1922. thoro woro in forco
roloo oatabliohod by tho London Incarnaticnol Radio Talo-
graph Convontion and two todoral lava. all onaotod 10 yoara
boioro in 1912. 'l'ho lows and agroomonto woro oiood prioorily
at roxoloting tho naritimo oao of tho wiroloao. particularly
at promoting oototy at aoa.

Tho adminiotration ct radio liconoing woo mdor tho

Dopartaant of Comoroo. and tho Socrotary o! Conuorco had boon

v—

lntnczclopaadia grannies. vol IV. v. 10%

89.
given certain powor to make regulations. But the oxtnnt of
bio pcnor vac not clear. nor was his authority.133

In ordor to obtain information concerning the oroblomc
in radio which needed government attention, tho Secretary of
Commerce, Herbert Hoover, callod n norion of general conferences.
The first was held February 27 and 23, 1922, and about 50 oto-
ticnc attended the rooting. Very little was accomplished and
tho confused oituntion which pinguod Eetroit broadcasting become
commonplace across America.

By tho tire that tho cocond Notional Rodin Conforonco
was called March 20 through March 20, 1923, the number of etc-
tiono had dropped slightly to about 550, but most woro crowded
together into narrow wnvo bonds, and conditicnc or interference
had become nlzont intolerable. The conference divided itself
into committees which brought forth recommondotiono dealing
with increasing tho frequonoy bond allocated to broadcasting
to include all the range from 550 to 1350 kilocyclco. tho
classification of stations according to the quality of oorvico
rendorod, and the establishmont of a geographical toning basic

for troouoncy assignmenta.13u

The tooartmont of Commerce put into force regulations
which broadly carried out tho recommendations of tho confor-
onco, and broadcasters noted a slight improvement. nearly 12

years would pose, however, before tho government fully cone

133:b1d.. p. 213
13“Ib:d.. p. 213

90.

to grips with tho broadcasting situation, n1thou¢h minor

changes woro made along the way.

:5 IE: HWERF’QL IQ!- ZARI 1

Tha oponin; of tho Froo tron ototion in 1922 woo
only ono of tho prohluo tho hawa had to sroppla with in
ordor to aaintoin ito aorvica.

Staging what woo tantaoount to a rovolt, tho thaotor
omara in Dotroit iaouod an odict that any porter-or in any
of tho local otogo obcwo who dorod participato in a radio
progroa at WJ would automatically bo borrod {row tho thoatar.

1 triad to orxuo with than that inotoad

of hurting tho ohow buoinaao. radio would halo

it. Thoy aloo ooid Tho Rm woo crooy tor pro-

acting it bocauao it would coat uo circulation.

Ho arzood that. inotoad. it would holp circu-

1.‘Lmoao

Radio broadcooting woo barrad frco tho boll
parka bocouoo it would hurt attandonca. 1 won

owor Frank J. Iawin. «nor of tho Dotroit boll

club. to tho idoo that it would pcpulorioo

boaoball and bring in largo: crowda.135

'l'hara woro. of moo. notobla oxcapticna to tho ardor
tro- tho thoatar moro, but it ocon bacon-o obmdantly cloar

that 00.1 out too othor ocurcoo o! tolont.

In hoapinx with thio concluoion. ‘rha Dotroit Iowa
Orohootro woo organiaod on Hay 28. 1922. with 16 piocoo.

.a_ A AA _.__ ...—‘4 _.__ __._4.

1333mm, 9. 22:.
91.

92.

It ia haliovod that thio woo tho lirot otchoatra torood oololy
tot tho purpooo o: hroodcaotin;.13‘ lt woo loto: docidod that
tho orchootro would aloo ooto parocnol appoaroncoo. “to: ito
titat ”in poroon" potforoanoo Juno l2. 1922. it woo hailod to:
ottorins itoolt without oxponoo to churchoo and civic organi-
oationo. Uhdor conductor Otto I. truozo: and concottooiotor
Morita Honor. tho onaaohlo. all o! whooa Ito-hora had achiovod
diatinction with tho Dotroit Symphony Orchoatta. ontortainod
hi3htly on van and hocaoo an ootahliahod audionoo favorito.

Two»daya attot tho tor-ation of Tho Dotroit howo Or.
chootto.‘wHJ took tho hlaoo oo wall ao tho orodit for hoxinhing
phyaical training prograoa hy*todio.

With tho hirinz,of hill Holliday and tho dowalopoont
o! othor ototion "potoonalitioa." it woo docidod that tho
tadiophooo dopottoont would no longor oporoto ao an oppoodaso
o! tho city tooo. 3y*oid-l922. tho radio dopartoont had grown
outtioiontly in aloo and otatuto to ho dividod into {our ooo-
tiona pottornod oooowhot attor tho organiaational atruototo of
a oowapapot dopartoont.137

Adminiatrotiwo

Dopottoout Editor and.8uporwiaot
Charlao D. lolly

...; A .h A

13"WJ Hiator " 5 55 Egg.
y Told In Brio! Do to
Jul. 16. 19“. Pa 160 . E:

137Radio §ta£g. p. 10.

93.

Editorial

Raportor Elton Plant
Roportor G. ﬂarohall Uitohall

m
Program Nanogor ond.Announoor
Million 1‘. holliday

Mot. Prograo Honogor and Announcor
E. L. "Ty” Tyoon

mm

Chic! Radio Enzinoor
Howard E. Campholl

Enginoor-OPorotoro
Edwin G. Boyoa
"altar R. Hoffman
loith Barnard

Qghoro
Socrotory Gonoviovo Champagno

btonogrophora-qoo roquirod
Following tho oxpanoion of tho otatf, larzor quartaro
woro noodod. Thus. tho ototion woo oowod tron ito tooporary
atudioo locatod in a ooocnd floor Contoronoo Rooo.to tho fourth
floor of Tho ﬁowo building. Slightly ooro than 3,000 oquaro
toot of opaco wao dividod into oditorial and oxacutivo otfiooo.

inotruoont and oporating rooomlaa 139

1&0

laboratory. phonitoriuo

and producing atudioo.

AA... ._

138motor control room.
139Auditoriun or a largo: than uoual atudio.
x‘oaadio §to£f. p. 10.

’4.

To uncowor now talont for tho growing nooda of tho
ototion, an alahorato oyaton of auditiono woo aotabliohad in
Juno. 1922. Thooa wiohin; to appaar on w: woro tirat intor-
wiawod by Bill Holliday or Ty Tyoon in tho "hooking offico,"
which waa part of tho oxocutivo ouita of ofticoa. Uoually.
unknown porforooro woro givoo an audition in tho atudio undor
oioulatad hroadcoatin; oonditiono. l! ouccooatul. tho por-
forooro woro aokod to roport to tho phcnitoriuo. a opociouo
rooo botwoon tho oporatin; rooo and tho atudioo. on tho awning
of thoir ochodulod appaaronco to wait thoir turn. along with
othoro on tho program. A largo blackboard indicatad tho naoo
of ooch portoroor and hio plaoo on tho owanina'o "hill."

Acting aloo oa atago oanagoro. Holliday and Tyoon
collod tho portoroora. in turn, to tho adjoining main otudio.
Thia woo a rooo 26 foot by 28 foot. oodo coho-proof by tho
application of a {alt padding. two inohoo thick. on tho walla
and calling. friar'o cloth drapoo hung ovor tho doorwayo and
windowo. Aloo in tho atudio woro two grand pionoa. an upright
piano, four or livo phonographo of variouo oakoa. ouoic otanda.
oabinoto and a roadin; dock.

In ordor to cuo tho ontortainoro, a boot-lika. oloctri-
cally oporatod. dovioo woo uood. Connoctod to tho onginoor'o
daok. it allowod tho oporator on duty to aignal tho parloroor
with ouch logondo aa: "fax-tho: fro- tho phono.” ”loodor.”

95.
"oottar" and "otoP."

A onallor atudio, turniohod with a raading tabla. a
chair and a aignol boo, ond likowioa oound doodonod, woo ro-
aarvad for apooch making and nowa broodcaota.

Tho oicroyhono for tho parlorooro and announcoro
roooohlod a oonttl clock with tho working parta concoalod
honoath a cloth ocroon. about aix inchoo in diamotor.1‘1

.Attor auditioning boforo tha‘ou otatt, a young
haritono from Onoaao, hichigon. oodo hio firat radio ap-
poaranco on tho ototion Juno 9. 1922.“.2 ¢Althcugh tho
anginoor on duty roportod hio porforoanco aa "louoy" it
nowor bocooo a campaign iaauo‘whon Thooao l. Dowoy lator
ran unouccoootully for Prooidont o! Tho Unitod Statoo.1‘3

Format Prooidont horbart hoovor aloo oado hio radio
dohut on HWJ in 1922 whon ho caoo to Dotroit to dolivor an
addrooa in boholl ct tho Rod Crooo at St. Paul'a Cathodral.
Sinca Boowor woo than tho Socrotory of Connorca and hoadod
tho gcvornoont agency'which liconood ototiono. NH: woo oao
pooially oagor to broodcoot hio addrooo. Unfortunatoly.

hcwovor, Hoovor‘walkod down tho aialo o! tho church and otoppod

A h A.‘ .... A;

1“girls" 9. l2.
l‘zsooo ocorooa giwo tho doto ao July 3, 1922.

“um: Biotory mo of Pirate? 133 225.2215 11919,.
January ll. 19b9, 9. l7.

96.

to tho pulpit, rothor than tho choncol whoro WJ had locatod
ito oicrophmoa.

lt woo iopoooiblo to haor tho broadoaat oinoo Ed onoa.
tho anginoor on duty at tho Cathadrol. could not iutorrupt tho
Bocrotary’o opooch to oak hio to ma to tho chanool. Hoanwhilo
at tho otudioa bcdlao provailod until Corloy H. Kirby daapor-
atoly dictatad a mo to tho Cothodrol'o oocrotary ovor tho
talophono. Tho oocrotary typod tho ncto and toy“ hurriad
through tho crowdod church and alippod tho noto to Boovor.
whon tho booodicticn had ondod, Boovor woo uohorod into an
ontorooo whora ho daliwarod hio cooplata talk again-"thio
tioo for tho waiting radio audianco.1“

Wondoll Ball. "tho Rodohoadod Muaic Motor" and author
d tho omg, ”It Ain’t Ochoa Rain ho ho'." took a brido a:
Jmo 18. 1922, and tho corononioo woro hroodcoot by W2 from
St. Paul'a catbadral. Thio io holiovad to ho tho firot wad-
ding «roomy oirod by a radio autumn: Oddly Climb.
Hal. Chicago. aloo claiaa to havo broodcoot wondoll Hall'o
oarriago. tohruary 6. 19215.1“

“haoowor'o Iirot Radio Talk woo Mada hora. Ova:
mu." m Dotroit Iowa, Iohruary S, 1933. p. 1b.

1‘Slionq and Boyoo, p. 84.

1“"1922-l’oor Rodic'o Population Soorod." W
”8.3;RC. bk] 15. 1’62. Po 11°o

97.
On October a, 1922, tho first gaoo of tho World Sorioo

woo broadcast by wa and thouaondo gatharod in Grand Circus
fork to hoar tho rooulto on WUJ'o Supcr-ﬁcgaphono. a hugo
woodon contraﬁtion that nogulfiod the sound.
Tho first dotoilod royort of a football gano woo
corriod by at: on October 21, 1922. Two contaoto, tho Richi-
son-Ohio Stata and tho University of Dotroit-Boston Colloga, woro
hoard whilo ocoroo of othor ganos woro given at tho quartoru».1"‘7
As tho year 1922 draw to a close, wa and radio broad-
coating could look back on o yoriod of monumental growth. Proo
a squeaky hobo in arms, its tuhoa nurtured and coddlad a0 ao
not to blow out during on important program segment, wa had
takon on a certain scyhisticotion. With ito woro yowortul
$00~wott voice, it could ho heard with clarity and diotinction.

WHJ had coma of ago.

l"holly and Boyoa. p. 86.

 

uhilo tho Fronch payohothorapiot Enilo Couo'o auto.
ouggooticn crooc, "tvory day. ond in ovary way. I an bacon-
ing hottor and bottor." and tho danco oadnooo. “Tho Charloar
ton.” woro swooping tho comtry, W.) introduood tho ailont
ocraon'o grootoot lovor. Rudolph Valontino. who uood hio
prooioro radio oppoaronco on Fobruary 9. 1923, for a worhol
olapping of tho ocvio induotry. “Savanty-tivo and ooto por-
cont of tho picturoo ahown today aro a braaon inoult to tho
public'o intolligonoo," ho cold of tho induatry which had
givon hio world-wido haul“

1n Hay. 1923. w: furthor inorwod tho quality of
ito tronooiooion with tho purchaao and inatallation of a
Raatorn Eloctric l-l SOD-watt tronooittor. Although tho
net: aquipmt did not roprooont on incroaoo in powor. it
did aorvo to ioprowo tho clarity of tho oignal.u9

To oxtand tho broadcaot rango of tho 3t. Paul’a

Cathodrol program, tho W1 anginooro constructod a "Littlo

A A“ A AA. A ..A AAAA .— 4

“a"Valontino‘o lot Broodooat.” 333 Detroit Nowg,
may 21. 1961. Soc. 6. p. 5.

mums. mecbi an mm W p. #26-

99.
Church on Whoola.“ which woo nothing ooto than a wagon with
a gigantic rocoiwor oomtod on it. With tho now oquipoont,
which wont into oporation in Juno. 1923. it bacon-o poooihlo
to rocoivo tho broadcoota tro- tt. Poul'o in any part of tho
otato. Tho rolling church woo aloo tittod cooplotoly for
aorwioao. including mic: and baptismal titoo.

Aloo in mid-Juno. l923. tho arctic axploror Dr. Donald
liaohillian loft on on oxtondod journoy which would tako hio
within a tow dogrooo c2 tho north Polo. mm and a handtul
ct othor atationa aorooa tho country woro ooloctod to ro-
hroadooot Dr. HocHillian'o ropcrto tron tho i'rooon waotolando.

a third ovont c! iapcrtanco in Juno. 1923. waa tho firot
hroodcoota of tho lollo loland hand Concorto. Barman Sch-mu
and hio ccncort band providod tho ouaic which woo pipod to tour
othor city parka in addition to boing broadcaot hy WJ. Al--
though it io doubtful that tho concorto hovo boon corriod
oinco l923 without intorruption. thoy woro a rogular wookly
foaturo on tho w: ouooor achadulo oa loto oo 1962.

RocOgnition o2 WJ'o conatont inoiotonco on noarly
parloct tochnical cporation caoo at tho clooo of. 1923 whon
tho luroau at Standardo. in Docoohor. oolaotod tho ototion
aa ono of air broadcaoting proportioa to com oo "Iroquoocy

Swath o 0

Tho aia broodcooting ototiono liatod
bolow havo attainod tho goal of varying not

100.

woro than 2 kilocycloo tron tho aooignod tro-

quoncy aa roconnondod by tho oocond national

Radio Conforonco. WJ. Dotroit. road 19 tins.

ohowad a lroquoncy variation d .l porcont.

By 1925. WJ woo coping with Iiorco local oowpotition.
mm. which woo tamdod in Pontiac. Michigan. in 1922, by
Jowott Radio 1. Phcncgroph Coupony. had toroulotod on oto
tractiwo progroo ochodulo. A aharo agraooant had boon oignod
with tho Dotroit Proo Proao and both ototiona. wcx and 9.19..
woro hoard on tho oooo wawo longth until l929 whon ucx woo
aboorhod and tho call lottoro droppod. WJ aloo oharod tho
wawo longth until 192.5. whon it woo oowod to 850 KC. 1

cm had bogun oporationo ao um mdor ownorohip ct
Gocrgo Harriocn Pholpa in l923. in addition to controlling
tho ototion. Pholpo aloo hoodod a ouccoootul Dotroit advor-
tiaing agoncy.

Locatod in tho ouhurb o! Royal Oak. juat north of.
Dotroit. WE“. hogan broadoaoting in 192A undo: tho coll
lottoro um: and tho ownorohip c! A. G. hillor and hio acn,
Rohort. Although ito oignal ponotratod tho Dotroit oarhot.
it hao continuod to idontify itoolf with Royal Oak through-

out ita long oporatiom”51

u“)lJnitod Statoo Dopartoont of Comorca. Radio w
W 13.1‘ U. 8. .ur““ of “.VWItm Withingtm Do Co.
DCCo 1g 1913)o

In"lrliatoryﬂ grgadgoting 2293.911: Auguat l. l949, p.743.

lOl.

UJLI. now a toroign lonxnazo ototion. woo foundod
ao‘HHBc in l92b with otudioa locatod in tho.Addioon Hotol
in Dotroit.
In fobruary, 1925. tho public woo invitod to attond
a oorioo of looturoro on tho toohnioal aspoota of radio
broodOIotingioondnotod hy'HHJ'a Ohio! Enginoor. Ibo rooponoo
to tho olooooo woo ovorwholoing aa ooro thou 1,500 otudonto
orowdod into tho ototion for oaoh ooaaion. To odd to tho
publio knowlodgo of radio. Tho Howo introduood, on Fob-
rnory 3. a oooploto oootion in tho nowopapor dovotod oxolnoivoly
to broadcasting;information. Countlooo oot diagraoo and arti-
oloa oonoornin;,voioo tranoodooion and roooption woro publiohod.
‘Hhorooa UHJ had roportod tho rooulto of tho Gold Cup
hy oodo from tho Judzoo' otand two yoara hotoro. tho ototion
wont dirootly to tho roooa in‘auauot. 1924. .At tho oioro-
phono ovorlookin; tho oouroo, Ty Tyoon gavo a araphio dooorip-
tion of tho action involvod in tho rogotto on tho Dotroit Rivor.
1h. Tyson hroadoaot wao aloo lod to KPIU. ”tho ototion on board
coorzo Harrison Pholpo' yaoht.” and to roooivins ooto and loud-
opoakoro plaood at oovorol loootiono along tho wotorfront. During
tho raooo.‘UCXJwJa graoofully agrood to ronain oilont to that UH:

could noo thoir rharod fraquonoy without intorrnption.131

“Locum By max..." m was; Em. “an" 24.
1924. Po 160

102 o

Tho ourcioo program, also tirat hoard two yoora
hatoro, woro oxpandod into a roxolar daily toatnro in 192‘.

“ginning Hmday, at 8:00 a... and contin-
uing daily at tho oaoo hour. Roy J. Horton. diroo-
to: o! phyoical aducation of tho Dotroit mm, will
givo louona in tho "Daily Doaon" or outing-up
oxorciaoo to tho radio audionoo. Ihooo loooono
will ho about 15 Iinutoo duation.153

At tho third radio contoranco. Octohor 6, 1924. Sacra-
tary of Cmorco hoovor savo an indication of tho ocopo of tho
indnotry in hio oponin; opooch.

Radio has paoood tron tho tiold of an
advantnro to that of a public utility. Uo
havo. in fact. ootahliohod an ontiraly now
omicotimo oyotoo. national in ocopo.
At tho ond of (our yoaro. 530 ototiono arc
in oporation. noting radio owl lahlo to
ovary homo in tho country. Tho aaloa of
radio apparatua hawa inoroaood from a oillion
dolloro a you to a million dollaro a day.
it io ootinatod that our 200.000 non aro
no» omployod in tho industry and tho radio
andionohgrohohly oxooodo 20oilliona o1
pocplo.

Ty 'l'yoon again nado aporto hoodlinoo on satorday. Gotcha:
25. 192A, with a ploy-hrplay doocription of tho Hichigona
Wiooonoin football aaoa fro- Forry Fiold. Ann Arm. with
advancod tickot ooloo guarantaoing a cold-out otadim. rioldin;
ll. toot govo poroiooion to ml.) to hroodcaot thio ringlo U o! u

“no. Hichisan hoot Hioconain l) to o and hotoro tho naxt

A A _

153'WJ to Prooont Daily Dooon.“ IE... Dotroit howl,
Iohruary 24. 1924. p. 8.

“W W. Vol IV. 9. 213.

103.

U of R garo so many requests had boon rocoivod for tickets,
due to {on intoront aroused by tho first Tyson broadcast,
that rormiosion was given to broadcast play-by-play rororto
of all home gameo.155

The Michigan Eamon hmvo boon heard continuously ovary
{all on wa since 192a. Although the station has often oloimod
that this was the first play-by-pluy radio report of a football
game, it was not. Tho Erinooton-Chiougo game, broadcast Octo-
ber 28, 1?22, the University of Chicago-University of Kentucky
gamo, oirod by whiz. Chicago, and sevoral other footbhll broad-
casto, pro-doth Tyoon'a report of tho Univoroity of Elohigon
£336 in 132“.

On November h, 192h, tho Eetroit Hows nnd.Tho American
Foundation begun a fund drivo with the elegan, ”Lot Evory
Sighted ioroon Kelp tho Fightlooh via Radio.” The Campaign
who designed to rlnco a radio in the home of every blind
person in Petroit and before the drive had ended morn than

100 radios had boon collected, ropairod and delivered by
51.1313 . 15 6

155'Cuartiono and Answers,“ Tho Dotroit News. July 6-
1935. p. 26'

155Kolly and Hayes, 9. E9.

KW 0R3 QM

By 1925, whon tho fourth radio conforonco woo hold.
tho praoouro to liconoo noro and ooro ototiono woo hocouing
alooot unboarahlo. Tho main tcpic of diocuooion at thio
looting contorod around an offoctivo ooano of kooping addi-
tional ototiono off tho air. In opito of tho rocouuondoticno
of tho conforonco agoinot tho granting of now lioonooo. tho
Dopartnont of Connorco woo alnoot poworlooo, undor tho
oxioting hroodcaoting lawo onaotod in l912. to atop tho
wavo of now ototiono which woo owooping tho country. Tho
final uphaaval coma whon a Chioogo ototion, without authority.
hogan to broadcast on ono of tho ohannolo ollocatod to Canada.
Moving owiftly, tho Dcportnant of Commorco brought ouit againt
tho ototion in court and loot!

It woo now abundantly cloar that logiolotivo action
would ho roquirod to put tooth into tho antiquo radio lawo.

On Now Yoor'o day, 1925, WRJ hroadcaot o play'hy-play
doocription of tho Stanford-hotro Damo foethall gala in
Paoadono, California.

By ooohining hroodcaoting oorvico with
continuouo wiro oorvico diroct from tho play.

ing fiold, tho ototion woo ahlo to hring.to
Dotroit honoo firot hand tho gano that Tho

106.

105.

Dotroit Hora doeorihod g, hoing "romarkohlo"
and ”full of thrillo."1

our in Kanooo City informod Tho ﬂows on January o.
1923. that it had ontortoinod radio fano in Eiaaouri hy ra-
hroodoaoting,wwd'o prograna on how Yoar'o Eva. Thio io ho-
liovod to ho tho firot tioo that ow: ohowo woro hoard on
anothor ototion.

Broadcasting on a now wove longth of 352.7 notoro or
850 to in January. WE: addod an hour program at noon featur-
ingidnloo Klain'a orchestra from tho dining room of tho Hotol
Static: and Joan Goldkotto’a Victor Recording Orchootra woo
hoard for an hour in tho ovoning originating from tho Gray-
atono Ballroom.

Although officially licenood and in oporation oinoo
ouguot 18. 1921, watt. tho Eichigon Stato Univoroity ototion.
rocoivod a ouhotantial boost in powor in January. 1925. whon
Tho Dotroit hows donatod o valuohlo SOD-watt tranonittor to
tho collogo ototion. Tho howa Orchaotra woo aont to loot

ianoing for tho inaugural broadcast with tho now oquipnont.

in Fahruary. 1925.158 UHJ joinad ll othor radio

ototiona aorooo tho country for tho firot national hroadcaat

‘__“ A .- A. A

157roung, Hiohiggg 31.20:; Hoistino. Vol. XLIV.
Docanhor. 1960. p. 423.

158Shoo oourooa givo tho data aa Fahruary 8. othoro
ao lahruary 13. 1925.

106.
oorriad by $43.1. Tho chain of atationo had boon torood on
Juno 7. 1923, hut WJJ ooitod noarly two yaara botoro aiming
tho agramt to rahroodoaot “notwork” program. It io
difficult to mdoratand why tho ototion voltad to join tho
”chain” ainoo Horror: 8. Booth. oo notod oarlior, had in-
wind about tbo prepoood plan on tabruary 13. 1922.1”

rho chain originatod aa a roault o!
tho plan of tho Anorioan 'ralaphmo 6 rolozraph
Company our) to oxporimt in long-lino
broodooatin; trmaniaaiou...

(Iain; tho tolophono linoo of A‘l’l-I'a
anxinuring divioion. tho Boll Laboratoriaa.
9w broodooat program that woro oarriad by
a aorioa o1 ofﬂﬁstad ototiono in tho loot
and Hiddlo Hoot.

Violiniat Rania about ia gonarally rosardad oo tho
fir-t ooloiat on tho lirat notvorlt program oarriod by m.

In a lottor to ho Dotroit lava. Soorotary of Goo--
ooroo Earhart Boovar aaid of tho an! notwork:

l oonxrotulata Tho Dotroit nova upon ito
ontry into tho fiald o! notion-uido hroodooat‘
ins. Simltanoouo hroodoaatin; of high olaoa
program to on important atop toward portoot-
in; of aorvioa to tho liatonina public Each
loot bo tho final ai- d ovary ototion.

A: a macho: of tho nooly tort-ad national 1009. W.)

1598“ loath lottor to Giftord. p. 70.

“010.313, Hiohigon W W Vol. XLIV.
Doooohor. 1960. p. 428.

1“tally and Doyaa. p. 92.

107 .

broodoaat tho proaidontiol inauguration corooonioa for
Calvin Coolidgo on Hatch o. 1925. along'uith 10 othor
ataticno from loaton to San Prmciaco.

“rho frao tasting of rocoivin; aota by tho W‘JJ
anginoora oaa diacontinood on March 1. 1925. ha monoc-
aont in tho Iowa orplainod:

‘l'ho nova radio onginoaring atoﬂ will

thuo bo onablod to dovoto thoir ontira tino

and anorgy to tho furthor dovolopmont of. atao

ticn w: and tho oxponoion o: tho broadcaatin;

aarwica givon tho radio public through linking

Tho Iowa ototion with um.

haodora of tho popor woro odviaod that daalaro in tho
city woro now ahlo to turniah thio aarvico to thoir cuoto-ora.
Advica through tho nail and in tho "Qoootimo and Mara"
colun of tho sunday Radio Sootion would ho continual. Tho
looa articla pointod out.162

sinco w: woa now a notwork alliliota. it taco-o
noooaoory for tho ototion to ootabliah ito tirat rota atroc-
toro. our in law York, tho llagahip ototion. oaa charging
ito local clionta 8500 par hour for hroadcoat tioo.

In tho awn-oar of 1915 tho achodula

of ratoa for aooo of tho ataticno in tho
ow llatoork woo oa tollowa:

g ration Pa; agar 133:;
am 3500.

152%.! to Diaccntinoo rroo Sat rooting.” m
m “ﬁl. Horch l. 1923. p. l.

103.

 

Station For Hour Hato
has! 3250.
WOO 200.
“th 200.
(Ch! 150.

For tie faciliticc of all stations
in a notwork oomoorcial breadcact tho charge
was $2, 600. an hour, instead f $2 ,900. if
ooch were uoed individually.

Although the network offered some proarhms on a coals
novor hcforo enjoyed by the local liatanoro, the major burden
for filling the broadcast day still rooted with HMJ. A long
procoosion of local talent and viaiting colobritieo filled
the availablo time. Viciting the studion in April and may,
1925, were such divorce attractiono no pact hdwin ﬁarkham,

a wicoonsin University troupe of 10 professional performers
and 80 ctudcnts, Judge Florence Allen of the Ohio Supromo
court and Fro. Ford Smith of the Letroit Fodorntion of

Woman's Clubo. Cthorc included Randell Hall, “Tho Bod-ha adod
Huoio thor,“ James A. yrain, ﬁhticnal Commander of the Amcri-
can Legion, and three world trade cxpcrtc, Dr. Julius Klein,
Forcy D. Owne and f. H. Groom. If tho pragrnms were not
creativoly exciting, at least they wore voriod, and an oagcr

audience absorbed them.

On June 28, 1925, 4AJ'o power was increased to 1,000

 

1”Gleason L. Archer, Hi: ‘torz of Endio to 1926 (New
York: Anoric a Hit toricol Society, Inc., 1938). p. 360.

109.

wette eith the pnrcheee o! e western Electric 6-! trene-
nitter; and lettere of epprecietion fro- ;retetnl iietenere
flooded the etetion. i‘o oelebrete the inoreeee in power,
an etezed e epeoiel progren on July 1, which tutored The
Detroit have Orcheetre mder the beta: of Otto Kruger with
respleton More to the tenor eoloiet.

rrohehly one of the tiret retinge to deter-nine the
popnierity of. one ototion over enother «cured in 1925.
More beginning the Ateeter Kent ertiet oouree, Kr. Kent
eeked (or end received, from A‘l'a'l‘, figuree on the potentiei
redio eudienoe the propel-e could expect to ettreot. Dete
applied by ”tr rented the etetione, heed on the nun-her
02 receiving eete within one hundred eilee of the turnout-

ter, in the following order:

m ml“
w: (New York) 2,000,000
WEE! (Baotou) 1,000,000
woo (2hiledeiphie) 900,000
weer (Pittlburgh) 150.000
w: (Detroit) 700,000

Apperently Hr. Kent wee impreeeed by the eudienoe
figuree (or he errenzed thirty Sande: night reoitele which

were oer-tied en en li-etetien network et e an o! $120,000..

which wee peid by the Atueter lent ConpenyJ“

__-‘

WWW: Anon; rusting. 9.9.9.1223. im- °°A°Wr 3"- 1’15- “-

165Deming, p. 261.

110.

The.Atweter Kent Preston could not

foil to set e stenderd o! quelity thet

would commend univereel ecclein for the

eponeor. Thet it become en instent coo.

tees to now e wetter of historicel record.

Thus Sundey evening concerte were given

et 9315 through WEAF... (end) WQJ. Reineld

Uerrenreth, Medene Louiee Homer, end Ioeche

Seidel were enong the firet ertiete listed

on the progree.1 5

The yeer 1926 we: nerked with progren innovetione
thet ranged from e eeriee of fivewoinute telks hy Edith L.
Hilderhrent celled "Tips on Spelling," to the hroedceet of
the Depart-eat of Porto end Reoreetion checker tournenent-n
me by wove!

0n.Auxuet 13, 1926, HHJ wee pieced on the "Honor Roll”
of redio etetione by the Deperteent of Commerce for eeintein-
in; e constant frequency with high eocurecy.

Veteren eporteceeter end ennounoer Ty Iyeon.wee neeed
nonexer of the etetiou in 1926, e poeiticn he held until 1929,
when the pressure of hie neny other ectiwitiee end e redioel
chenge in the lewe eenegeoent forced his to reltnquieh the
title. '

.Aleo in 1926,¢AI&I ecld ite flegehip ototion, VEAF,
to the Redio Corporetion o2 Americe, end the network e! ete0

time toreed by A'l‘h‘i‘ in 1925 beam the core of the Ietionel

166Archer, p. 368.

lll.

Broedceeting Company's chain. {)2 Hovember 15, 1926, med
signed, es to original effiliete of NBC. en agreement which
is etill in force today. The iret line-up of stations wee
letet given the designation, The Red network, when ﬁBC ee-
tehlished e cecond chain. The Blue Network.

With the peat signed with no for netionel presume.
w: egein decided to improve its eignel by erecting two eteel
towere. one etop The he.“ building end enothor on The ﬂewe
page ecroee the etreet. An entenne wire. 1&0 feet long,
wee etruched from the top of one tower to the top of the
other . 265 feet ebove the ground. Prelieinery teete on Noven-
her 6. 1926. end lull mention in December showed thet the
new towere eubetentielly improved the etetion'e eixnel tense.

By now, eix etetione were eherin; the eudienoe in the
"Detroit eerket. The eixth eteticn hed been edded by Erneet
I“. Goodwin on October 7. 1925. with the cell lettere um end
etndioe loceted in Ypeiienti, Michigen. m: joined e group
which included 3.18, mm. um, we end USU. Sixteen yeere

peeeed before enother AH great wee nede in the eree167

157'mgtory," announcing tailgating, Augnet l.
1969. PO 760

‘1'. '— . I -. . .L .' '1‘; -~

'7‘

ha *r01WCartlﬂﬁ 'ttlnfv, 3» {ﬁts a national and
local love}, wax Fr: ht an the your 1“:7 ouvoﬁ on to tro
caloniur. ;ven thsuyh the ﬁrotl no of interfurnnoo loomed
largo, tin 1%;3314t1Vﬁ rthnfx in naskiu; an Lava :rcxiaa
that a rocclntinn of ﬁre ﬁifffcnltlts duo clove at hand.

I

the Rational *rcaccaotinx (at any nude tx; victure look
even no?” r :3 wﬁtn tho announc::un- on January 21, l§27.
tﬁﬁt it man}? 12v:£: S ﬁllilon dollars in irvruving and
enlarging: f?” {“3 V’. 1:53"
In (hungry, an: novnd to the :nlverhlty of Fichignn

cannon for the vreuontutlon ff n ﬁﬁrinﬁ hf ”tickigan Night“

o. '_ I—"'I v 1 ‘ .‘v’.r: 7' ‘1'.‘ .‘2 ~ ‘. e 1- -.-:. f:\‘.l
programs whiLL {suturud iLm unlvootit; of Fienl,an {19$ Glob,

'i-

talhs by lac rustern, and -u1 rrc,rnns from

i

<2
I've

HI

“3

La.
.5

a)

I"?
Q el

"-

*0
0 1

i.

‘3

..e
('2

01d tnlvarnity wall.

'9" - ~. ~ -.. " q s - "-0 'e- sv- ,-
l-Mr 1035'.“'£213:.'.1t:lt1 thio inﬁnl-htlvc action Laud 0:}

w
I?

wruhry 23 nith tin Tﬁﬁﬂm?3 of the -nilo Lot pf lC&?. The
not took tho “owﬁr of Eicunoing ntetlcng away from tho in-
portnont nf Convorco and placed it in tho human of a five
man ccrnlsoiOn, $3?Ciﬂﬁ6§ by tho {ruoidont. mmpowariug the
Federal indie LOL"1E$103 to iiccn*o Stutiﬂﬁﬁ, agei n fro-

queueing, ehtnhllat crunn of service ﬂli dotargino lcoatlono,

a ._ . i -, . 1.;
if (ind h_»”b. ,-'e iv e

112.

113.
tho act hlao gave hir h to the now famous broudcontlng phrneo
when it ordernﬁ that a station would be ileonomﬂ only if
'publlc convenience, lotoroot and nocooalty all} ho norvod
has of the commionion'u first projectn

in notting un an improved oyat n of regulation

was to :no are now terms for all tywos cf 8?-

yllcatlawo for licansoa had cunntruction

mornita. all ntmtlunn woro razgsred to submit

new unﬁllCJtlcna for llconxoh.l(

Ln tho ﬁnals cf renuorlnx tutllc service, de man the

host pﬁnulnf station in tho country, accoriing to a gotrolt

newe hell nuhllohud yarca 15. 1$3?.171

ﬁg; EVTF.TT 1,027
gThﬁ Cleveland 2,652
EﬁKA Pittsburgh 2.2%8
355 How York 2,213
Hid? New York 2,177
to! Vchonootndy 1,99
v12 Chicago 1,507
at; Cincinnati 1.285
th DﬂThCI 1.2?2
MGR ERTHUIT 1,132

The balloting nan undertakon for 10 days among ﬁetr01t

area listeners and.thc results or the poll were sent to the

’

Fedornl Ladle (omnisnion in weshington, Q. C.

On April 19, 99?, Ty Tynou took the HMJ llatsnore to
Kevin éinld for the station's first olny-hy-nley hrondoast of
e baaabhll gaaﬂ. alth the tﬂaa bouncing around in the second

#—

169incylopaﬁdla “ritunnlon, V010 1V. 3‘ 2:3'

”ozoung, Mohlgan Motor-y hagnaino, “al.3411131, Eocomber,1960,

p. “310
171'ka Favorite of shale ﬁnno,' Tho $atroit News, Sarah
15. 1927. p. 1. '

11h.

division, tho loto Frona J. havin, rraoidott of tho ﬁntroit
Band “all [his] Comnony, booed that the radio broadcasts right
stimulate sore additional intorost in tho Tigers.

Ty went on the air. he one knew what the
rooults would be. And Ty aﬂoito to woon’t at
all sure or tLB listening reaction to his style
of verbal bane bull reoortinﬁ. hut tho broadcast
regiotorod from the first. ooll onouru, and in-
creasingly well enough, no tho ototion carried it
for eight oeaaono hoforo a onoosor came along.
Carriod it until Ty won an integral a port of ,
haoo ball in ﬂotroit no is the ntooiuo itsolf.172

In the root row yoaro, tho ototion hon claimed that
this descriotion by Tyson who tho first radio ploy-by-play
rooort of a baseball game. Unfortunately, several other eta-
tiono huvo rriority cror th in this regard, including KTﬁA in
Pittsburg.

Thereoftor, howovar, Tyson bocaoo a Eotrolt baooboll
tradition, broadcasting all Dotroit homo guooa in 1927 and
with difforing arrangements for many years aftor.173 ﬁnd
although ho rocoived othor announcing assigumonts, nuns could
match his pooulority as a Sports bPCﬁﬁCHgtwr.

Vtatiotioo are vital, but they oooohcw
{all uo, boonuoo they neglect to roorxduce
the booming friendly voico, with its noosion
for accuracy, its quick roougnition of color;
tho vrioo that brought the whole wloo ornit-
ina field of combatitivo ooort into the mono
and maﬁa the broadoaotor’s homo [Tyson] a
household word and ooorly lovod.”h

172E. c. 1. Jackson, ~L1aten1na in on Detroit.‘ Eng
totroit News, p. 55-

173In 1930, 1931 and 1932, the Funday gnooo were bannod
on radio and in l?33 Faturday,£unday and Holiday gumos word not
carried.

17uﬁoorgo h. ?tark, "Tyrone Tradition Fades From the
Air,' zﬁg’Fotroit Vows, Pobrumry 26, 1353, n. “2.

 

115.

A moasure of Tyson's oudienco oooularity cone in 193“.
In that your, the Tigora won the :ennant and more than 630,000
liatonoro potltionod tho Rational Proadzosting Comouny to have
Tyson announce tho Horld Sari;9. Judge ﬁonooow Lunéia, than
Wooaboll c.3missicnor, refused Lo plsus of tho fang, explaining
that ainco tta Tigers were participants in the ylayoffo it would
be unfair to have a local yersonolity oo tho hrooocaoto. tor
the next two years, 1935 and 1935, towovor, Tyson aid tlo olay~
by-play of the Feriao on REC ana was hoarﬁ coast to coast.175

Tyson, ouroly one of th's greatest voices, woo
silonood only coca in his long and diotinguiohod ooroor.
In late 1?2-, to roiood the {gully refrigerator and ﬁle-
ccvarsd a hard, high-studded biscuit. Cooning hio mouth
wiﬁo, to placoﬁ too biscuit in it, and than rmnlizod that
he was unable to 01088 $18 mouth. A visit to tho ﬂontist
tho next day repairod tho ﬁaaago but his mouth continued to
bother him until a doctor wired it shut for 10 days to give
an injurod Eonbrono on ootortunlty to heal.176

In Arril, 132?, tho howl] formod Radio Comm Salon
hogan issuing toroorary licoocoo to all broadcasters and, in
tho assigomant of wave longths, adogted the plan of ooporoting
all hroadcootin, stationt by a froougncy of 10,000 cyclos and
placing all ototiono on froguanciog that woro multiples of 10

kilocyclxa. 1t wan hopad that the new ass gnaenta would cage

 

1751b1d,

 

176"Tough Fiscuit Tough on at ,' Th3 retroit Rowe,
' ...-comm.
Jannary 3, 1927, p. 3.

116.

the chaotic notional sit'ation with 3t3tion3 51133 one on

too of anoth r in on alwont frantic stru 512 to bo board

by tho growing raﬁlo ouﬁionca. Eat the Erobl me which tho
new assignmonto croetaﬂ for kid woro outlined in a rotort
aubuitteﬂ by th3 ntution‘s Chiof ”n53 naar ‘xittr Hoffman.

3133 stctions wars 333 igndd to the wave»
1315th of 353.? notaro, {F50 K08 ), and whil
tho natimo mal aituestic-n {:3}; 2.3313 b.3133 13.: ‘i‘ovxl
by tti 3 31301 nt of etazti one, o 5r33t oe31 of
harm h:3 b on done to ua. Cur 533t porformanco
of Erlanvid rro5roso, reliable sorvico, wriority,
333: to nova boon ontiroly overlooked...To allow
tho ('1tt9bur5}, $63313 anﬂ Clourwatar {$13.}
otations to ungrata on thin 33v: is an injua 103.177

a

Hooing to chango the situ3tion, warren h. Eootk, than
Tronaur3r of the Evoning H933 Asoociotioo, sant a lottor to
The 3333' tash1n5ton correspondent, J3y G. huydon, ooﬁing him
to bring tho H3vo assignment inoquity to tho attention of the
Radio Commioaion.

To :ut it brioflv, we ur3 not 33 3611
off new as we woxo befo.o tno enun5e. (It
13 Elﬁnlflcnnt) that *tutlon ka is the :8d
ﬂatworu uutl3t for Tolodo and vicinity, it
haing the station on tha network noaroat to
that cornunitv...(Tho} interfariog otations
are 113t33.1?

The F3dio Commission roo: onooi favorably to aid 8 nu5 -
:3 stion and on Juno 15, 1927, iatuod an orﬁor for tho station

...

to broud¢a3t on €00 kilocyclaa. This was a most satisfactory

177331t3r Foff33n, layort, of Trio of 33313 «orinoar
o Tolodo to iotarmine :xtont of Int3rferonco with trogoouot-
in; Forvioo of Station 333, ;3y h, 1927, p. 1.

175lett3r to Jay G. éyoea, Yetrcit Rows haohington
9ur33u, from «arren 1. Booth, £33 5, 132?, HKJ P1133.

117.
froouoncy since tna intorfaronoe complaints stepped and an
recantured much of its lost auéience.

It was almost expected that wa would have good fortune
in convincing the Radio Comziasion that it should to given
special tr33t33nt in tho a3signment of wave lengths.

Bear Admiral William H. G. ﬂullurd, the Comaisaion chairman,

was from the Richigan district and well aware of the station's
pioneering effcrta. Howev3r, from 33J'a viawpcint, Comvisoioncr
Hoary A. Bellowo suddenly loomad as the powerful member of the
Ccmwiaaion.

On ﬁuyust 29, i¢27, Covniasioner $331033 sent a letter
to the station su5535t1n5 that qu exchange wave lengths with
3C8 in E3V3nport, Iowa. 333 propoead shift would return HWJ
to 550 kc, a frequency tha station had Just loft in June and
which had caused them untold miserins.

In order to eliminate interference

roport3d from tho Operation of 33!, rena-

nectady, on 790 kilocycloa and th, Latroit,

on 800 kilccyclea, and also to eliminate the

serious interfarenco b3t3aen 31?, Chicago,

on 870 kilocyolea, and MCC, Eavanport, on

850 kilocycies, it is su55ested that wa and

H06 exchange frequencies...

The ororoaad shift seems aovantugeous

all around. I shall be grateful if you will

let me know 3L3: you think of 13.179

Rany of tho staff moatera believed that Commissioner
Pollowa was making the change in frequencies singly to inouro
the confirmation of tin a5pointment to the Commission.

17913tter to Eadie Station was from H. A. Bellows.
Commissionor, federal nadio Commission, August 29, 1927,
KWJ F1198.

113.

Mr. hdwarén [local radio innmoctur for
tha Co3miacionj1doac not want to bo quotad in
any way, but the concluaion rwachaa during
the course of cur conversation was that «LG
is not only chafing bacauao of the intarf3r~
33cc occurring bctwaan £333 333 31$, but also
becauaa of tro nsceacity of dividing cvaning
hours with 3&3, and exchanging frcouancy chunnall
with ua uigtt free tnem of thin raquiraasnt also.

it aopcarc that Fr. 3621033, who it one of
the unconfirmcc nowhere of the Federal R3310
Comxiccion, 13 trying to imnrove a situation
confronting two of the most inbortant otationa
in tno district union he ronronants, and thus
halo to pcva tha way toward tta confirWRtiou
or his appointment, by securing the backing of
thaea stationc, but at the cxrensn of coniitionc
in othar districtc.13°

Kesrito mountains of correspondenca from warren ﬂ.
Booth, R. Zonting 3nd R. 5. Scott, giving arguments to the
contrary, 333 was raturncd to 650 to on the dial. 33J re-
mained on this frequancy {row ﬂagtazbar 13, 1927 to Saptama
bar, 1928, nhun it was agnin moved by the Eudoral tadio
Commission-~thia tics to 823 no. It in quite posaibia that
many broadcasters who endured similar situaticna with the
FhC woudoraﬂ if tha 33w agency 301966 as many probleua as
it creatad.

Erobatly one of the moat cignificunt documanta to
ozcrge from tum oarly 9L6 hearings was a reyort from the
Aaarican L35in33ring Council. The lcn5thy 33313312, gro-
parcd by the Radio aroudccating Committee of the Council,

embodied many of the :rinciplac cutaﬁquontly adooted by

___~ A

3 . .
1‘03. 2. Hoffman, 'wxchnngc of trondcaeting fro-
quancy with 30C,“ [apartmental Communic3tion Keno, Septem-
bar 2. 1927. ?pc 1 & 2.

119.

tbs Cammiesion. an the Eraadcﬁatiag Comaittaa were such
diatinguiahad cantributors as Calvar Tawnley, J. H. Bailin-
ger cf tha Euraau of Siﬁﬂd$$ﬁ8 and {avid inrnoff. who later
becazo Load of th Ladio Corpcraticn of Ameriea.

Taking up the quantiona of fraquunoy aﬂaignuent,
share-time agrae::nta, 'national‘ radio atationa, claar
channel alleoatiOne, and ether treblema racing broaﬁcasting,
tbs revert predictad, nith amazing accuracy, the final colu-
tionn to man of thaso aaaminéiy inaclvabio dilemuan.151

Commiasioner Craatia R. Culdwoll lamented the altar-
nativaa loft to the Etc after hearing the Connittae'a report.

Sou have udviawd against widening the
broadcast band so to Add any more channels...
you Lava adviaﬂd vary wide fr¢quanoyoawyaration
tatnean all stations taut are naar ﬁnch other
gecgrashically... .

Hou hava pointﬁd out tha iapartnnce of
power in nwcuring good aarvico {or the Ria-
tener...and...adviaod againat much dividing
at time. Yen rave than dﬁflnﬂd the Crohlem
from all E1589...

tut, it your navice in t0 he taaen by
the Coaxiasizn on all thate variuua rointa,
yen will 399 that you have out off all avo-
nues er agents far the solution of the pro-
sent nrctlam of 733 stationa, exceyt a reduc-
tion in thy numbﬁr of etﬁtions that may
'bruaécaat.153

“at of the hearings, tho Commission canatruotad tho

relieving guidegosts tar dattruing which stations stoula or

nhould not be taken from the air.

I: I, t. .
lleﬁy haydan, ”nopart at tha American anginaaring
Council,” Uhnumberad Tulatypa Lispntcg. cape“. Avril 1’ 1937'
p? O l.’1°.

1”me Hayden, '::.emarks at Cemmiasionar Calcium at Radio
Conference,” Unnumberad Talatyge Liﬁpatuh, april, 1927. Po 1.

120.

1. Power: Stations with power as low as
five watts oBviously Ought to be eliminated and
the Commission should give preference generally
to the higher powered plants.

2. Priority: The stations which have been
in useful'Operaron for a long time should be
given preference.

3. Stations which have Jumped wave lengths
or which have come in since June, 1926, should
bs given secondary consideration.

b. Program Value: This must be determined
by the CommissIOn and include a multitude of
factors.1 '

 

The Federal Radio Commission finally had begun to
bring order out of the chaos which had existed when they
took office.

While the battle of the wave lengths was going on
in Washington, the Detroit audience was thrilled as WWJ
broadcast the official welcome of a new national hero, Col.
Charles Lindberg. The cit; took great pride in its native
born son and listened intently as WWJ carried the reports of
the events from the time he landed in New York on June 9, 1927,
through the Lindberg-Detroit reception at Northwestern Field
and tho Book Cadi4lac Hotel, August 10, 1927.18“

The fall radio schedule, announced on September 25,

1927, in The Detroit News, had these attractive features:

Regular morning exercises; household talks, supplemented by

 

183Ibid,

184WWJ, The Detroit News, "Outstanding Events and
Series Programs Broadcast by WWJ” (mimeographed manuscript,
1950; hereafter outstanding events, p. 8.

121.

suggestions on home decoration; the popular 'Hichigsn Eight“
broadcasts; sports programs; concerts by local artists; road
bulletins; networa pregrams from ﬂew Kora, and news service
by The Eetroit ﬂeas. Kissing from the schedule was the highly
acclaimed Eetroit Hews Crohestra. In its place was The Gypsy
herons Orchestra fully attired in aprOpos coetuaes.185

In what is believed to be wa'a first use as an in-
achool educational tool, hey J. ﬁnell introduced a unique
series of pregrans which were heard beginning in nevember,
1927. At a given signal, teachers in selected classrooms
would show a series of slides, which by srearrangcment, would
illustrate a talk being given at the same time by Snell on
wa. Fore than 3,030 Letrcit school students took part in
the exterieent which was highly successful. In theory, this
crude system could have been the forerunner of teaching by
television.

uaJ added to the safety and convenience of highway
travel on Lecember h, 1927, when it began a series of Baily
Highway hcports, prepared by the Letroit Auto Association.

The puilicit for the programs reminded listeners:
£-

This service is important to farmers,
traveling ten, interstate tourists and hue
travelers. It avoids costly mistakes by
information, within 23 hours or less, of
changes made in local and national high-
way 3 o 1"

135K311, and Payee, p. 108.
leéxoao, p. 121.

122.

ﬁlth a prelude glnyod by the chimes on Big Ben in
London, heard for the first tiao on qu February 22, 1928,
the station rotlocted a fornign, as wall as a local. flavor.
Cn Fobruary 27, a eorios of “International Programs” begun
and on tho tarot program the wolsh peeplo of ﬁetrolt heard
native music on xHJ. The pregruma which followed featured
folk melodios of othor foreign-born grouya 1n Eotroit with
program listings in Tho news in tho languogo of the country
roorooontod.1g7

'xa are now 3,700 root above Grand Ciroua Park,” Ty
Tyson told the wa auoianco early in April, 1928, “ﬁnd you
have been liatonlng to music baing playod on the piano in
which we are riding. Ion now will hear Er. 311d- ﬁorris
Coopor, soprano, singing 'Tharo's Tomothlng about A hoso."
Thus aaa the station announco ita first airborne program
which the nowenaoors hailed as a new era in broadcasting.
Aloft Nita fygon an} Era. £0096? more Janna Furna, ﬁhO ac-
companied the soprono on an organ and two radio exports from
the U. 3. Eureau of Stondarﬁa, who had hung tho radio trans-
mittor from tho 0 tling of the aircraft to minimize vibra-
tions. The airborne broudcaat was maﬁa to colokruto the
Oponing of the All American Aircraft Show at Detroit's Con-
'vent10n Hull and it mignalod the boglnniﬁu of oxtonsivo nee
of airplanes by the station, osoooially in tho gathering of

'on-tho-spot' nows rooorta. whilo communication botween

 

1570utatand1ng Evonts, p. 8.

123.

an airplane and a grOund station was not ununual in 1925,
this broadcast is generally rogaréod as the first pregram
over tranamittod through another station to the gonoral
aunience.193

Another significant onéinooring achievement occurred
on July 26, 1928, whon KiJ, for tho firot time in Entroit,
trananitted photographs by ratio. The ayatnm unod was in-
vontwd ty ﬁustin G. Cooley, a young radio onginoor, not
employed by EIJ. iistonora with ordinary rocoivors woro
advised that the regular pregram heard on #33 both an 7300
and 7:30 p.n. WOuld bo_intorruptod by a series or hbiﬁtlﬂﬁ.
lasting about throo minutes. Euring tho intorvula, portrait
photOgragha of two box:r5, Tunney and Haonoy, who wore to
battle in Now York that evening, woro Rout from RWJ to the
Fook-Cnﬁilluo Hotel. Those exgorinonts dovoloped into {ac-
simile bronﬁcasting, whion in reportod in dotnil in a later
chapter.

In 3 Speech boforo the ﬁridgoyort (Conn.) Chamber of
Commerce on Cotober 15, 1328, FiC Commissioner 3. ﬂ. Caldwell
outlinoi the ro-nllooation orﬂers that would shortly be re-
laaeed by the Commission and which would sand ka to a new
frequency, 920 kiiocycloa, on Hovombor 11. Caldwell asked

his audience:

Shall the r8610 broaécasting situation
be cloonod up now and for all time, and good
radio reception be romtorod to our million. of
listeners?

__._ ——‘-""‘

153~gwa Broadcasts in Ilana while Soaring Cvor Detroitf'

Tho ﬁatroit wows, April in, 1925, p. 1.

12“.

Gr shall radio be allowed to 8119 book

to the confusion or intartoronco and hoterodynaa

union nova bannt the brondonstinh wuvon for tho

pant two years?

That is tho ianuo before the radio lin-

tonnra of the United Stutnn...?or on ﬁcvembnr ii,

tho cublic will nave within its grasp a radio

net-on with reduced nunbor of stations, for

which the neonlé, Congress and radio folk

gonnraily tnvg natiently waited all thona

many uontns.1‘9

Colonel} also pointed out that the now Funeral Ludio
Commission ordor would entail time-sharing, time-reductions,
lower wave lengths and powar out: for oovorni ntntiona. After
Novembor 11, he told his audience, only 315 atatic.3, of the
600 licenood at the tino of the order, would be allowed to
broadcast simultaneously.1?°

Just a month before, in Japtombor, 1&28, KEJ had
been aniftod tomporily to 820 Kc. In a littlo less than a
your, de Iroquoney had been chungad four tioon, donating
some of the confusion that th’ Ludio Commission was creating
in its stumbling nttonpts to seek a solution to the national
radio nroblnns.

A critical error in Judgonont wan nude by the tiJ
manngotont in October, 1928, which would thwart for several
years any attoanta to secure powor incrennea for too station.

Two canningly inaiynificnnt télogrnnn raulod the station's doom.

The first came from durl Filler of The town Washington Buraau.

 

1590. d. Calduoll, Eooooh before the Bridgeport Chan-
bor of Connorce, FL; Transcript W272, Cctobor 15, 1928, p. 1.

19°Ibzd., r. 2.

125.

:0. C. fatten, raoi o cosmiccicn cn.incor,

notified on toouy some change unparently rust
to $366 in u.J'o H vs longth aunifnmont. He
says ”ichiren has woro than its share of nation-
al otﬂannalsl9 1 and that siJ must aoco,-t unsign-
mont to a regional channol it it does not incroase
its power.

He says someone authorized to spook regarding
uaJ‘a plans for luture choold cc.;o hero at onoo for
personal negotiation with him.192

The reply to Fillcr'o plea was torso.
TELL 5.3.215 CVVVIJ} (115.5: .4341! ."....£ 129:"

9
a
"'3 t“- g .- N' ‘9!- TV. I 3 ‘ 1 ' '1’. 1 ﬂ KW?"
Lﬂlh L.— 1‘52.- Jub as 19..-.fh {an-f. o ‘w l a?» I

it; ’ U“: 'ths'? 2*: . alum“ F UL NC!

'_‘:1x.' « ,~.:'\r" rm ,.93 r; 4% «£0: :9?
..-A.k1~ 9 ‘-I&¢ 05:: re.“ M‘E5.IL »&J£O.‘\:;;: \l 22““

:1.” U 3:193

T! .is sin lo dociaion not to increase tro gowor of ind
when the Fodaral Eadio Coamiasion undo the final allocations
in 1938 goons to have killed all subooquont petitions by tho
station to broadcast ’nation-wido' with a 50,003 watt or
stronger oignal.

Soveral theories, root of them inaccurnto, have been
advanced no to why EAJ did not increase its power in 1928.
First, it must be reresborcd_that the docioion not to cook
a powor incroaoa was maﬁa with the undorotanding that oven
1f VqHJ remained at 1, 000 motto, it would have nearly a clear—
channal anyway. is Karl Hillor exolainod it:

Goo. C. Sutton, radio Commission Englnoor,

Enid toﬁoy that in all probability HHJ'a now an-
aignmant vauld be 920 kilooyoloa. This in not

191Cloar chunnola

'0' Ir ' - m
19‘horl rillor, ﬂashington Hurouu Unnumborod solotypo
to Er. Gilmore, Tho ﬁetroit town, Cotobor 6, 1923.

1931' "s 'q. t!- '1'", " .. A . a} .... ’.,‘ ., t“: R‘ ,
a. n. too—i, .Lc totzcit «can, "outern onion inla-
grow to Karl ﬁlls-r, The Retro-it ﬂown, laughington, Catcher-8,1928.

1:6.

officio l tut is gructicullyr srtnin...futton

said that §20 kilooytlog mus ""Fﬂtti onlly a

clesr wove lon,th, ” heir; Fr:or-.d ty only two 1 b

stations, one in Houston and tr e othor in boottIO. 9

Two additioxal r asona for not incroacing tho powor of
the station were offcrad by engineer lo Hayes:

no sogg~ntc that tho dacinion to turn down

the offer toy lava boon made bQCJUBﬂ The Estroit

Hews felt it was givin,; aoeauato oorvico to ito circu-

lotion area with its pronont orrnn erant, or becauso

tho oxoanoo or Heating tr.o roouiro touts tor a clear

chonna 3.2., rorovi rg the looot: on of tho trans-

Hitterl fro: tne cantor of pooulotion and increasing

power, at old Lave roant too grout an oxuendituro.15

It is true that the coats of inttalling z 30 kilowatt
transmitter woro sizeablo. Figures submitted in 1?29 show that
,2h8,03:.c 0 would be noooed to build a 50,000 watt station and
5105,1h5.00 would be needed each year to ovorﬂto it. Thooo
coats do not include oozconrol , tolayhono chmrgxs, paid tol-
ent and ElSC?1 “‘3 can char,-eo.196 TO lnﬁtoll B 15 kilowatt
station, tho cash outlay w “Ti hovo boon :15”, 033.00 with a
proportionata re duction in tho annual o crating exoonso. By
Reaping tho 1,000 watt tracotlttor, which was already in
Operation, comﬁorativoly littl 3 add it101o1 cont not to he
incurri ’10 197

AAAA‘A‘“

out . . . m m
1“ nwrl filler, xoetorn Lnion .ologram to torron b.
Booth, unnumbe and not datod, circa: Hovoobor i, 1925.

G . ,. - ..
16‘0 au;;51°ung' wicriron hitter: Foruzino, RI , Locombor,
’4'"?- ﬁ-

195‘stimoted First Lost 50 K5, August 21, 1929, kHJ
F1133. p. 2.

1“ if 1‘ - 'a. ' 97
. ‘17m. . rolchuon, brayhur ilootrio Company, {F100
tuototion for 5 h: troaooa:ting Trunxuittzr, August 2, 193?,
.90 30

12?.

ﬁnd the manofomont given more weight to tho advice
being offered by its washington oorrooponﬂont, the unfortunc
at. situation could not. boon completely avoided. 0n. letter
sent by Jay Haydon predictod with uncanny accuracy the exact

couroo The ﬂow: should havo taken, but which it did not.

The future dovelopnent is going to be
in the direction or bigﬁor and bigger stations,
with more money involvod, and that it is going
to become, as time goon on, loan compatible
with the function of a ncwooanor.

wa...pocaosaoo on intrinsic value for
boyond its physical equipment and the money
The Now- hao out into it...I boliovo that if
The Home was to close up its ototion or sell
it for a nominal amount it would be surrender-
ing tho basis for a opiondio business develop-
ment ontiroly accornto from the newspaper...

The larger radio ntationo now are coking
nonoy and they have much larger profits in
pronooot...1n a matter of two or throo your. at
most no will b6 forood to a decision as to
uhothor no want to abandon broadcasting...or
nova out into the country and build a station
of 20,000 watts or more. and if no wait vory
long no may not have this altornotivo tor the
roaaon that oomoono also has preempted tho Lo-
trait t1e1d.193

The Opportunity to broadcaat with 50,000 watts of power

would never come again.

195Lettor to warren S. Booth, Latroit Hows, fro: Joy 0.
ﬁayden, Now: Washington ruroau, September 27, 1927.

g- f“ .. fra“ I‘-.. \r? "'3!- i ‘1)?" r.
9" XII :tz‘C :‘1 :4 a. 'I u‘ (I i: 2“: - ‘ n. .5) I, {(1 YIJ}:

In April, 1929, Ty Tyson, who bud boon manager of
ou since 192?, turned the reoponsibilitioa of running the
ototion ovor to Eobort Emily who not naood acting manager
in addition to his duties as Radio Editor of The Rowe.

telly was convincod that the station chould increase
its power and ooizod upon ovary opportunity to make his point
of View hoard.

uithout higher power, we arc likely to
be gradually rushed into the background by
the othoro. The growth or MHJ should parallel
the growth of Tho News. With a station equal
in power to the others we should be far ahead
of them becouoc or the ideals of corvico which
we have; they Operate for profit only.19

Since one of the functions of tho station continued
to to tho promotion of The ﬂown circulation, Bally attomoted
to weave this coiling point into his argument.

uito higher powor we would cover all of
Michigan offectivoly...?hie would help the air»
culotion of The Nowc in the ctato...ln other
states the name of Tho ﬁewa would bocomc a
household word, influencing pooolo planning

to cove to retroit in favor of this neweoaper,2°°

Finally, he pointed out the revenue advantages of going
to higher power.

 

19gﬁobort Kelly, Intorofficg Roma to Horbert looting.
WM} F1168. p. 10

2°°Ir14.. p. 2.

127.

128.
Offering the aoouronoo of coverage such on

high power would givo us the pick of sponsors in

Detroit. Cur rotoo could be higher, and I'a cor-

toin that we coold show a profit on pragrooo and

still keen our standards well above the othora.‘°1

In 1929, Goorgo Booth, who had dominatod the dovelooment
of the station during its first nine ycora of oxiatonco in his
position on Treaidcnt of The Roma, rotirod and turnod his tro-
mondous energies toward the founding of Cronbrook. This cultural
inatituto stands today no a testament to tho vigor Booth out into
hio new projoct.

Quito naturally, h’llllum IS. :Z-cripps, ac vice-prooidont of
the corporation undor Rooth, assumed the presidency and, thereby,
became the cporotlng hood of the newspaper and tho radio ototion.
Changes coco quickly to HwJ under the Fcrippo control.

than Kr. Scriopo did take ovor in 1929 tho
oooration of tho nowspopor founded by his (other,

he did it no a matter of personal duty, rather than

through keen desire. His brother-in-law, the late

Coorgo G. hooth, had rotirod...ond tho tocilyzegli-

gotion fell upon Will fcriooo to succeed him.

whatovor love was lost between Scripoo and the newcpopor,
was lavished on the station. This had been Scrin?o' poroonal
project and he soomod dotoroinod to coo that the radio station
should no longer struggle through life. To do this, several
alterations would be necessary.

Although the corporation had refused to increase its

 

2°1Ibid.

 

202nu, E. *crippc,‘ The totroit Times, June 13. 1953.
Editorial page.

129.

ctotion'c powcr under Rooth'o control, wa, almost iono-
diatcly, filed for a 50,000 watt clear channel under ﬁcripps.2°3

hhoroas tho ototion had boon housed in oaxcahirt
quarters with Booth at the helm, tho ontiro :hyciccl plant
has renovated and improvod in 1929 with iorippc in charge.
The ctudico were substantially enlarged and the master con-
trol room no: covcd from The News building to a new location
in The Home garage. Tho facilitioa, thuc onhanood, would
serve the station until 1936, when a new building was erected.

other swooping changoc would coco during 1929 and
1930, giving oKJ a new vitality which had somehow boon lacking
before. To tho staff, tho new boss mount buninooo-radio busi-
nous:

th issued ito first rate card Soptcobor 1,. 1929.
Compared to 1962's six-oogo booklet, tho single-shoot, four
inch by six inch 192? cord ottorc a marked contrast in size

and in airplicity of rate structure. Tho cooploto 1929 rate

card follows:

RATE Clhﬁ -~ 6:00 IN to 12:00 EM -- ﬁaptombor l, 1939

1. Once 13-ticcc 26-ticoc 39-tioos sz-tiooc
One Hour £350. £315. $395. 5295. 5255-
Hclf Hour 200. 175. 165. 155. 1&5.
Quarter Hour 125. 100. 95. 9o. 85.

 

2. Basic chargoo for poriOdc other than botwoon 6:00 F.E. and
12:00 P.!. are one-halt torogoing rates.

 

2°3Frnnk Foott, ﬁgont and Attorney, rho Evening “awn
Association, “Excootionc to lxuminor'u honort Ho. 83,“ hearings
.2£ the Federal todio Corriooioo, ﬂocket ho. 975, p. 2.

 

130.

3. Local tie-in announcements immodiotely following Ron York
proaroca are £25.00. Those cannot oxcoed 20 soccndc.

...4...
...— #4

5. Commission: to rocognizod advortioing agencioo on charges
for ototion tizo-oisﬁ.

CC‘HDITIC. 3 CF BEGMTCAST SEJSVICE.’

Enlks are limited to 15 minute: and aunt go on the air boforo
:00 P.#.

All ovoning pragrnms must havo 1 high gruoo musical netting.

All oregrams are to be subject to the approval of tho Station
Eamgor.

The station will ooaiot in arranging pragrona and provide
announcers at no ohargo for this corvico.

Eaten printed on this card do not includo talent. If talent
in obtainoﬂ by the ototion it in to be h lled to the Client
at coct.2°

Those rates romainod in effect until June 1, 1930,
when they were increased to better reflect tho onlargod
audience being reached by ka.

qu'a ratoa reached a peak in 1950, tho year of Dotroit
radio'n grontoct pOpularity. Lvon though television had boon in-
troéuood into the market in 190?, radio old not fool the impact
of the new oodium for nearly four yoars.

The KwJ rnto cord iaouod in Recombor,1950, ohowoa that
the class A coat of a one-hour proarnn, worth fjho in 1929. would

cost £300. 20
CLAES A -- 6:00 rm to 11:00 on 5

1 Time 13 Times 26 Timon 52 Timon
1 hour £800. €760. $720. 5 00.
! hour hao. #56. hjz. 20.
. hour 320. 30%. 298. 2R0.

 

2°”g;J.?ho Totroit News, Rate Card ﬁo. 1
(September 1, l§2?.)

 

3°5wRJ-?ho tetroit ﬂows, Fate Cord No.;2l
(Coooobor l, 1950.) ‘"

 

131.
By April 1, 1951, tolovinion had begun to oak. inroads
into tho radio auﬁionoo, and the loss in listeners won reflectod
by a decrease in the class A rntoa.

1 Time 13 Timon 26 Times 52 Times
1 hour $6h0.00 $624.00 $608.00 $592.00
hour 380.00 270.00 36h.80 355.20
. hour 256.00 209.60 203.20 236.80

On starch i, 1953. the rates were slashed again, this tin.
to nearly half of the rrico charged in 1950. falong with the rat.

cuts, a major shift was maﬁa in the class A tine poriodo.

Cinff A -- 7100 L! to 10:30 rv HondnycathroUgh Fridays

3:00 In to 10:30 to sundays~07
i limo 13 Times 26 Tina: 52 Timon
1 hour £000.00 £055.00 £032.00 £020.00
2 hour 258.00 273.60 250.20 252.00
hour 192.00 182.h0 172.80 168.00

Comnared to the cost of othor goods and services, the
cost of purchasing tioo on HtJ docs not domonntroto tho general
inflatSOnnry trend which oocured botwoon 1929 and 1952. In
fact, wa has not changed its one-time, one-hour clans A rate
since 1953.

Radio navortiaoro in 1962 obviously no longer buy one
hour programs on HkJ, or othor Dotroit stations, proforring
instead to purchaoo spot announcements of io-oocond, BO-nooond,

and 1-minute duration.

 

2OGHEJ-Tho Eotroit ﬂown, hots Card No. 32 (March 1,1951).

2°7qudrno Fotroit Hows, Rate Card No. 22 (March 1.1953)-

 

132.

Prime tino on radio in 1962 has also chongod. With
the incroaoo in tho numbor of automobile radios, “Drive Tina,”
when most core are on tho Lotroit Frooways, connando the high-
oat price tag, oven though WHJ does not normally coll one hour
programs in 0180! A time, 1.0. 6:30 n.n. to 9:30 n.m. and 3:00
0.3. to 6:00 p.11... it continuuc to publinh a rate structure for
thoeo tine classificationscnoo regular in 1929.

CLASS A ~- 6:30 an to 9:30 am Eonday through Friday 3
3:00 an to 6:00 In Rooney throngh Fridnyzo

1-“ Tina: 13 Tina. Zéatinec BQJTinoa sszincl

1 hour 0&80. théh. Sh56. tune. tuba.
hour 290. 280. 275. 270. 265.
hour 180. 172. 168. 16“. 160.

Fragramming highlights of 1929 included a neck of broad-
costing from the first annual International Radio Show at Olympic
Stadium beginning Sontonhor 9. Civic leaders, radio exocrta and
a new comedy team from Chicago, Anon and Andy, appeared on tho
programs.

0n Octohor 21, MaJ took its microphonoo to Greenfield
Village for the ”Golden Jubilee of Lights,” which marked the
50th anniversary of Thomas Edinon’c invention. Prooidont
Hoover, Governor Grcon and Euyor Lodge delivered speeches
which woro fed by HMJ to tho nwc network.

A third program of importance in tho fall of 1929 no:
the broadcast or the dedication ceremonies Opening the Ambassa-

dor Bridge. Tho cudicnco won tronaportod tron one and of tho

2°300J.rho Botroit Hows, Rate Card Ho. 22. (April 1.
1962). p. u.

133.
bridge to the othor for glowing talks by Govcrnor Srcen and
Ontario Attorney-General Col. h. h. ?rice. as usual, Ty
Tyccn govo a vivia descriotion of the event. The eucccos
of an arrangement with tho Canadian national hailwaya not-
uork, which allowed qu, as an asaooiete Fenbor, to carry
the Toronto ﬁymahcny brOmécaete earlier in the year, was

extendcd to the bridge dedication and tho Canadians hoard

wa'e broadcast along with the ﬁctroit nudionce.2°9

The increasing amount of advertising which use being
accepted by the station nae broadcast almost hnlf~henrtodly
in 1929, as evidenced by n atcry in Tho hows Sunday Engaginc.

while wad coco occupy its time to e con-
siderable extant with commercial programs, such
foeturoc are chosen for their actual merit, and
the commercial side is not oftcncive. How and
than there is a local feature with commercial
flavor, but the talent in always carefully
pickcd. ?heae local fonturoe are also upon-
tanocus, so far as their initiative is con-
cerneglo The News woken no effort 22 8311 EEJ

time. IEhIIca n no "”

 

 

Eespitc its ettitude toward commercials, WEJ could
point nridotully to the audience response to Charlee H. Ramp.
Billed as a singer, pianist and toothpaste orploiter extra-
ordinary, he ”averaged 900 lottoro a any from folks who

admitted their aporecietion of Fr. Hoop, and their need

of toothpaste.’ One evening, ”he made a special pernonel

 

209gg11y and Eoycs, p. 118.

21°?eul H. Pruoke. ”From kirolasa to WHJ.' Th0
Petroit have ﬂunday Engagino, February 2, 1929, p. E.

13“.

appeal and 6,000 letters and telegrams flooded the station
with toothpaste ordera.'211

with its etudio and technical facilities firmly
established, with o pro row schedule oxoended to 15 hours
each day, with a profcociOnel staff of Beaconed broadcaetero,
with commercial orﬂors trickling into the ototion from ad-
venturouh eoonoora, with network committoenta bringing orc-
gremc of subotence and high interest into the Letroit market
and with a management devoted to enlarging and enhancing the
local offerings, htJ stood proualy at the threuhold of the

19308--brondoocting's golden era.

211mm.

XIV H’EJ'S GUYS?! ELLA

 

hith a decade of successful broadcasting completed,
the doubts, which had existed among tezberc of the stuff and
management concerning the station's fruitful Operation, dic-
appeared. Although ceverel at The Home reporters and editors
continucd to serve both the paper and the cteticn, NWJ begun
to sever the umbilical cord which had tied it to the psrent
publication. The audience, which had once gathered around
homemade eats, now relaxed in comfortable living room: before
reccivers of elaborate design, and listened to WHJ programs
which reflected core ingenious entertainsent values.

Several ixﬁortsnt staff changes were cede February 17.
1930, by William E. Scrippc. Jefferson B. Each, distinguished
as e asleceun and highly reapected as so enthusiastic eduinic-
tretor, Hes naced.ccneger of th, in acciticn to his duties as
asles director of The Detroit Hews. kebb was an ideal choice
for he brought to the radio Operation wide eXpericnce gained
so bucinocs manager of the Detroit ﬁymchcny and e uide diver-
Iity of interests in e number of unusual fields.

To balance webb'c business and sales knowledge, 3. L.
'Ty' Tyson, veteran sportccastor an: announcer, was made
Assistant ﬁcnager. Robert Kelly, who had corvcd as acting
manager before Echo's appointment, was returned to his Job

ea Dotroit Hews radio editor and rctuincd on the HWJ staff

135.

136

as on nnnounoor. Tho late Horncholl Kurt, who subsequently
gained fans on tho radio, and later toluvicion, editor of
The News, was caﬁe MwJ nroéuction manager and announcor. ﬁlo
experience in radio dotod cock to the early days of broad-
casting when ho had rand news items on RCA, the Free Press
radio ctation.212

In annwor to the increased advertiser interest in Wt ,
Janos C. ﬂoor was and: commercial repronnntativo. Wnrion
Eartin corv d as staff pianist, organist and pragram manager.
Handing tho techniCnl crow, composed of eight control accretorc
and technicians, wag ohiof enginocr Halter H. Hoffman.213

Harold Iricctloy, who had begun his radio career with
th in 1923 and Pranklyn Gruonwood, woo was both entertainer
and actor, formed tho balance of the announcing staff in 1930.

The crowd of entertainers, orcheatrn men, singers,
story-tellers and part-time noucnapor reporters, who ccrvod
as program pcroonnlitioc, had varied and unusual backgrounﬂs.

Frank Greenwood and Arnold Tiozan, known to tho audi-
ence as 'Frank and Lrnect,‘ entortoinod each morning with
"Breakfaat Tunas.‘ 'Frank,‘ woo plcyod tne guitar, was an
cx-cnrino who can action in Kiorld ‘n‘or I. "din teammate, 'Erncltf

who playod the piano, had boon a church and theator organiat

“A

lelhn iveninq News association, Yaaio Station wa (pro-
motional booklet, 1911),h3rouftor, Radio HEaEicn 3&3, . 3.

213Four of too oporotcrc--;dwin G. Hoyno, Alonrt R. Allen,
Olin Licorice and log-2r ...llic-u-rarn tho only remaining members of
the 1930 staff who are ctill with tho ototion in l9é2.

13?.
for many yours before coming to HoJ. Both could oing any-
thing from papular balloon to hymno and each was adept at
drawing the humor out of tho fan lottoro road on the program
each :orning. Ono or the favorite features of the early pro~
gram was the 'Littio Church in the no11,' in which hymns nor.
played on tho studio pipe organ, by 'Ernoat,’ and sung by the
team. A cythicol horas, “Clo motor,” cupooaodly brought than
to the studio each zeroing at 6 o.o. and oarriod thou away at
9 n.&.21“

Host of tho remaining corning programming in 1930 was
devotod to wooon'u shows conducted by newborn of The Dotroit
News staff. Although it is impossible to detail ovary pregran
in this octagory, soon or the offerings included:

'Tonigat's [inner by Eadio' with ﬁre. Myrtlo Culkina,

Detroit News Household Editor-~a cooking program.
(9 c.o. Konday through Friday).

"Facts about tho Kitchen“ with an. 3113 Gordon Smith,
woman's Editor of Tho Noun-~vnrious cubjoots
relating to bone managooont and maintenance.
(10:30 «.3. Mondays).

“Beauty in tho homo,‘ with aditb 2. Crumb, News Interior
Dooorctor, and antrico Kuonzol, News Houaohold do-
purtoont--anauorod quoctiona from listeners con-

cerning intorior decoration. (10:30 a.:. Tuesdays).

zlhhadio Station qu, p. 8.

138.
“Fashion Tolko' with ﬁre. Cecil loan Lhittonden, hows
Foobion Authority. (10:30 n.m. Thuredoyo).

Other programs and rerformors heard during 1930-1931
were: The Boyle Kids, Lillian and Frank, reading tho funnioe
each Sunday; The Pixiona Tea with Tobe Grammar singing soutborn
oolodioa; Kean Kirk B. C'Ferrall of St. Eoul'e EpincOpcl Cathe-
dral answering religious questions; songs from Tin ran Alley
with Rob Killer and leggy Nealon; The Sunny ﬁlngera; The Shorten
ringers (etuoenta at Fichigun Stage College); dozens of soloists
heard on various programs each week, and baseball and football
coverage with Ty Tyson at the cicrophone.215

Where did th find its staff? what type of experience
was necessary to be c radio performer or technician during WWJ's
golden era? Announcer Harold iricotley was an office boy in the
radio department before making an on-the-uir appearance; engineer
Ed Royce was a wireless operator on the Great Lakes before Join»
ing the station; Lee hooker of the orchestra aterf had been in
vaudeville; ﬁerion Fortin had studied piano in Ypsilanti; 010
Foerch, director of the orchestra and one of the three "melody
hon," had been a church and thoater organist and leader of the
St. Johns (tichigan) town bend, and Rex white, author of the
weekly hi3 dramas, was an advance can for a ”Ton show,‘ an
actor, a wanderer and a newepopcr man, before coming to the

station.216

 

215Ibid., p. 10.

216huoeell Gore, Iowa has Birthday Party: Hero's Peep
Behind ﬁcenoe,‘ The Ictroit Rowe, Luguct 21, 1931, p. 32.

139.

Cf tho performers who opponrod on HHJ in 1930, two,
Hymn wright and Curtiss Cantor aradnor, race to positions of
unusual cudionco papulnrity.

C. C. Erminor is protobly the: greatest newscaster the
ototion has over known. with a twinkling aye and a sharp
tonguo, ho gava the day's new: a whinoioul, humorous tone,
that brought listeners by the thousands to their radios. When
he diod huguat 7, iSQO, more than 2,000 totroitors gathorod to
any their final 'goodbyoa' to 'Brnd.‘ A: H. C. Li Jackson
doooribod hio:

Brad. you sea, was himself. And therein,
yorhaoc, lay tho chin! secret of bin chart.

Cthors might pose of poaturo, or react to our-

rcundings, but, in tavern or palace, in homo

or office. in good luck or in reversals, Brad

wan always Hrod.

Thoro will be those who think of Brad

chiefly no o wit, I man who could catch, in

a pot and aoarohing quip tho nub or a con-

plicotod aituntion...(or, for the grip ho

had on the news of the nation, and the world...

(or) who will grin at acne apt rennrk with which

he turned tho nowa.2

Born in 3t. Janna, tichigun, ﬂootenbor 6, 1878, Eradnor
nttondod Northwestern Academy for a yoar before dropping out
of school to take his first newspaper Job in 1900. No man a
reporter and eventually city editor or the Flint Journal. In
1910, to Joined The Hows staff and cxcowt for a your with tho
Aeaoointod Trees in California, agent hio ontiro career with

the Home and ﬁwJ. Ho conducted a column on tho editorial page

...—..LA

217R. C. I. Jockoon, 'Liatoning In on Fotroit,‘ ?ho
Potroit ﬂows, ﬁugust 9. 19u0. p. 1.

 

1140.

of The None for many years callod "oftorthoughta” and wrote
n group of bizarre fouturcu which were cautionod "Tho
Grouch.“ Cftnn he in givon cronit, along witn Lox thito,

Al Heoko, tulcoln Fingay, and oovoroi othoro, for writing
“The Town Crier“ pro;rno on utJ, which undo Al took: famous.
inportor Uoorgo u. itork rcmooborod hio thus:

It iun't taxing crodulity too much to

say ttnt Prod had were friends than anybody

in tLio town. Ho won than oooily and naturally,

kart them loyolly oné with n tanner devotion...

when radio cnrc along and Brad hocoro instantly

identified with that :ediuu, tin circlo of his

voice atnibod the fur diotonCun with” E“ otco-

cnto punch and ito whimsical npuonl.“ “

If n list of uwd‘o groutoct poroonnlitios be code,
C. C. Frndnor'o name should cortoinly be on it.

on “ovecbor 2}, i?30, tho formation of a dramatic
crock comoony woo announcod by HwJ. Ito director, Ryan
oright, woo tho second noraonoiity to rico in audionco stu-
taro during rnﬁio'o golcon ore. ﬁright "no a dramatic por-
focticnint. In odiition to directing Tho Zotroit Hows Fluyorn,
on the acting group was colloo, tright oftcn took tho loading
P01 *7." 0

$0 non legends have grown uu around Wright, it is
difficult to ocoornto the truth from the fiction. One parti-

.cularly causing anecdote is told about the sound man who

worked with Tho Ilayora. For a drama on trnfic safety, wright

zlaccorgo a. itorx, “Hows arcadcnot Originator In
:aaﬁ at 61 Artur Collaooo,‘ Tho ?otr:it ﬂows, August 7,
191‘“). E3. 1 o

 

1&1.

told the sound can thnt he needed the sound of screeching
broken, followed by c crash and finally the noise of a human
body hitting the pavement. The technician worked fcrvinhly
on tho orojoct and finally discovered that by running across
the studio and throwing hinaolf ngninct the room's beaver-
bo-rd walla, he could cinulatc tho hound or a human body
hitting the pavement. Ha oozed Wright to come to tho ctucio
to chart hi: diccovcry.

Again and again, under urging from oright, the can
ran across the floor and throw himself against tho wall,
while wright, with eyes closed, listened in the control roan.

“Try it once nora,‘ wright urged, '1 think you've ul-
toct got it.‘

Finally, the sound can muatcrod all of his strength,
cached on fact on he could across the studio, and flung his
body againlt the wall. The Hill gave way and he went through
it,landing on top of C. C. Eradnor‘c dock which was in tho
next room. Erndncr'c typowritcr fall to the floor with a
crash.

”Thst'c itt' exclaicod wright, throwing his hands
over his hand. ’That'o Just the sound no nood.'319

wright began his thcctricul career at tho can of i9.
unaisting Fan huoc ct the Arts and Craft: theater in Detroit.
Two years later, he cnlistod in the United Htctc: Navy on a

cocoon and during world war I was sent to Officer‘s School,

 

219?. Ernie hicca, ‘Fran ﬂurria' 35th Annivorcary
Program', August 18, 1955, tnoo rocording in WWJ Files.

1&2.

and while thero eccieted in the production of plays for
Bettina men at the Community Theater ht nonport, Ehode
Island. he played 'stcck' for a your in the '13th Choir'
ond returned to retroit where he organized and directed
little theater productions for 10 years. Before coming to
HEJ, he won diroctor of the University of Eetroit thcnter
for two years.

While at the station, he maintained.c rigorous cchcdule,
appearing with the Flayerc each Tuesday and Friday evenings and
directing The Detroit Hews Children’s Theater heard each Rednec—
day on the station. Wright later cored to Hon York on Yroduo-
tion Manager of the National Broaﬁcucting Cocpany.22°

Of course, Ty Tyson continued to attract listeners
with hie distinctive style. A poll conductcd by the Toledo
Elude in 1930 Ihcuod that Tyson woe the third acct ponular
personality in national radio. The voting results woro:
Graham Renamee, 8923 Ted Musing, 297; Ty Tynan, 219.22t

Re: 0. white nae anather staff member who ontoblichcd
an almost imposeible echedule for hincelf. no the Itaff
dramatict, he wrote the first production of The Detroit
hows Players, “Romance Cones to Broadway,“ uhich was per-

formed on Novembor 25, 1930, and all of the group'e unbec-

quent drooac which were broadcast every Tuesday and Friday

 

ZZOyadio Ftntion woo, p. 1“.
221Kelly and 90103. Po 120-

1&3.

evenings. In addition, he wroto the Childron'c Theator plays
heard each wodnoadoy, another redio ccrioc, ”hitting of the
Hinetice,‘ and made regular contributions to the editorial
departmont or The Howe. he also often appeared on the air.222
while wa'c interesting and entertaining local orc-
graoe were being improved and refined, the atation’c competition
continued to gain strength.
HJE, which has always been kHJ's keenent competitor,
Joined the 33C alue network on April 29, 192?, and was ac-
cigned to 680 to, a channel which was cleared of all stations
except KFFE, Fun 31330, in late 1927. In ﬁeotombor, 192?,
control of hJE passed from Jonett hadio to U. a. Richards.
Two years later, HCX, the Freo Frans station, was absorbed
by 33E end the complete fooility moved to the newlyocoooloted
Fiohor Building, «hero it remains today. Granted 50,000 watts
of power in 1935 on a clear channel, hJH drappod ito affiliation
with EBC'a Blue network and became the Setroit outlet for 832.223
WXXZ was purchased 1; Goorge o. Trondle and John H. King
in 1930. Undor the King-Trondle Eroadoosting Coroorution banner,
EXYZ produced some of radio's best known programs inoluding‘The
lone Ranger, The Green Hornet and Challonge of the Yukon,

which were fed to the national network for nearly 20 consecutive

years. when th droprcd NFC'B Elna network, wxyz signed as the
retroit affiliate. It romainod with REC until iﬁhé, when King-

 

22253ﬂ10 Ftﬁtiﬂﬁ nod, PO 1““

223'Hictory,“ Broadcasting: Fagozino, August 1.19%?»- 7h.

ibh.

Trondlo sold tho station to Etc for $2,900,000 cash.22u

Tinna were already underway in 1930 for the construc-
tion of Hindaor-Ectroit's first ototion, CKLW, which began
broadcasting in June, 1932, under the call letters CKCK.
Elton Finnt, who took part in KHJ'a first broadcasts, also
oopaaroé on CKIH‘B first program 'Broakfaot Plornoy,' which
ilant and his wife conducted for aovornl yoarn.225

WJBK, which had been broadcasting from Ypsilanti,
richigan, since Cotobor 7, 1925, moved its otudion and trans-
mitter to ﬁighland Fork, 3 city completely surrounded by
Dotroit, in 1930. Tho station oreciolixod in foroign language
broadcasts and sports events until 19h7, when it was purchased
by Goorgo B. Storer as tho second station in his growing group
croration.226

During the period 1928 through 1930, uJiB gained
national prominence through tho work or its outspokon com-
mentator, Jerry “uckley, who was fatally shot in the lobby
of the Lnﬁallo Hotel in 1936. The murder wan novor solved.

In 1939. the station was purchased by Booth Radio Stations
Incoroorated and converted into a foreign language station.227
In July. 1930, HHJ offered its facilitioo for a poll-

tical broadcast for tho firct tine. The invitation came in

 

22‘1b1d.

225?1nnt Interview.

226'ﬁlgtory.' Froadcesting Pagazino,August1,19“9ppo7“-

 

227xr1d.

1&5.
the midst of a cnmnoign to romovo Eotroit'n Fuyor Charloo a.
Ronlos from office. in a Latter to halter H. Emory, Choir-
mun of the iocnli Coonittoo, Jillian ;. Lorippn sniﬂ:

no nova from tine to time boon requootad
during political canonigns of one nature or
anothor to oormit pol tical cnoocnos to be maﬁa
over our ototion. to have ulwnyn rnfrninod fro:
so doing, and this in tho firot time that any
nooocnaa of a political nuIEFE'hE?3“beon por-
mittod, tho oxconticn being thoao rude during
the lost Irooidontiol canonign whicn emanated
from the National Vroaécnntinr Commany.33'

More thnn i?5 guests Joanna tho KHJ studios as tho
station calobratnd its 16th anniversary with talkn by «iliino h.
“criooa, Jefferson 9. knob, No: White, richigon Honntorn
Janos Ccuzono and Arthur Vandenherg, and ontortoinmont by
ZEJ staff members and national celobrotios Sondoll null,
Charles Homo and addio inabody. Ty Tyson wan unator of
ceremonies.

Tho sooocnoo givon during the annivornnry program
August 20, 1Q30, reveal some of tho oarly growing ruins
suffered by the station. A3 Fax G. white reported:

The anniversary party wont off an if

by clock work. A very different affair

than the things that hayrenod 13 yearn ago

when onJ was on infant. irOLr;os were

pieced toyothar sons way in those days,

but the building uo of a program was often

a weird affair with unoxroctod breaks and

guns and substitutiono.

Thono of tho wad studio who rerou-
borod the first amali beginnings when

toloohono calio wore nnxiounly waited for,
when talent was hard to got, whon crystal

 

228I%EJ ingg Ladio Tire To Cary and the Mnyor,‘ Th0
Petroit Hume, July 12, 1§30, p. “.

 

1&6.

ooto woro tho rule ruthur than tho oxcowtion
looked over this ? rty of faamoua men and
o:.on and 215L.35 i: notintoction. There

was ong293ront or ”or rent tLat had been made
good. ””‘

William E. Tcriaoc used the occasion for recalling

hin firot contact witn radio tro33dca5ting.

--
?

firut hon d n awoken word from the
other...aoout 1918 noon 3 board Juqt two or
throo wordi ovor an in ““cvion ulroloon ro-
coivio; set ogulorod with earphonuo. It
cortainly sounded like a toLoohono that was
out of ordur.

“oliaving tint rn: id navoloonunts
would no Hana in tLin new art and not know-
ing "ut thﬁt nirolono right he a non noo-
oooary nogunct to a nowaoaoor in tho colloc-
tion and dissemination of news, I ornVnilod
ur on tr: nourd of Lirootoro of Tho introit
£333 to install a radio trnncziaoion and
receiving not. Iittl o dii we think at the
tiro trio first sot was inrtnlled that what
no woro doingn zld rovolutioni? o tho home
life of this entiro nation and toot of too
WC‘I‘ld .230

although to night hnvo stretched the truth slightly in

his usual comic fashion, 31'33339 rnrom‘orcd:

I no recalling tho afternoon when our
orograx consisted of conga and storing by
[eon hrrol, Van nnd'fohonck, Burt Millions,
Fannia Frice and deio Cantor. The announcer
for thi c occasion was kill Pogorn. ﬁnd we
paid them not a Gino, for none of then had

ovor soon a micrOphono bot: and they wore
eager to axrorionco tho thrill of on air
debut...

“ow ca rclcooly :.nﬂ li.}t-hoartodly,
it goers now, wo cc nduotod tho a fairs of

 

totro
W

20, 1

Q

.5

I."
5‘

t

3

229. , . .
;ey d. lhita, “Station KR: ﬂan “irtbdny,” ”he
Hews, August 21, 1%30, p. 1.

Zaoiillino 1. “crioyc, Lndio Talk Given on txJ, August

0, trunncriyt in The Entroit News library.

1H7.

‘1.

0’
a
E}

  

tho station! Jo had any ntntoﬂ tire on
the air. When n’ nished--in five or ten
or tizirty ninutas--trore was so: etc.y also
to go o.., or the orohmtra ,le‘yo-z‘z.
There was usually somebouy to yo on.

The studio was turongtd tron norni n,g until
night with h-itiiul a3piruntc for i‘a:o on the
air, and every coorono whens accomﬁanicont
Val Coffoy could olav had her .onent heforo
the wiko, Orton for tio firrt and tLo last
time

 

iodio no? fun tt.en before it got to be
his businuccéj

UWJ attcmrteﬁ to aocuro a grant for 50,030 watts Of
power fro: the boo 6x31 acio Con:wisaicn in arterber, 1230.
2ccoroi~.g to a rerort putlieteo in the tnitcd ftotos 29-1y,
the station cent2rad its 3r; uront for tic incrouve in newer
around two factors, intorforence and ororating loss.
Fecnusa or interference, ftution RKJ at
Lotroit, Fich., has been losing name of its
audience anﬂ in 1G2? suotainod an oozeruting
loss of a oroximitoly 365, 000, HhPIBﬂ n. Footh,
treasurer [now Ir2aident] of the Lv2ning Hows
Aro’ciatlon..to tifi:3 beforo ti.u nudoral ladlo
Coxuission .e;t. 22‘U

Rooth also testifiod that £'uh,219. had boon loot on

f?

35 oooration of the station frog nugus , 1}20, to august i,
1930, which ”333 oartly ouo to tho refusal of tho station to
accert many commercial crotrczs which the station does not

233

toliavo coma up to tie etananrﬁ.

 

‘3131b2rt ”oats, quotod in u Esm'io Tsd ‘ dleGﬂ by
Jofforson 3. Vobh on 33J (2U3. 20, if -35', t2 anecriot in {he
Letroit Hows library.

,

2’2“««J ”larva Interference for wudionce loosen,
"nitod ”taton Emily (Eormwrly publirhod in hn3hing gtou, -.(2. )
Clioting quoted from {ctroit ﬂaws charenco Kept. under Lo-
troit ﬂown ‘Mﬂio-Touiooant.

2333kid.

 

1&8.

waiter R. Hoffman, chief engineer or tha station,
gava details an tie i:~te:farwnce nrcblu"s buing fucsd by
x15 and pointsd out trat if the transmitter wars placed

outsid a tr: cit' limits with its present power of 1,000

watts, it could not be heard ucronn the city.23h

Testimony offer d by Jefferson ‘. zobb at the F20
hearings giva an indication of awd'a Operating cryonses
in 19300

«ebb told the terminaion that tha ata-
tion has an abundanco of good talent, that
mora than no per cent of tha programs of the
atation originate at the station, and that
tha station is on the air 18 hours a day
during the weak and 13 on Vunduys. Ea amid
that tna station carrias 10 nuchanical employea
on the payrcll and twat the station has a
talent staff of 32, fiva of whom are net bald
by the ntation. The regular way roll of the
station, as ﬂuid, in about L2,122 per week
exclusive of extra talent, which negatives
runs te arcund ;2, 000. Le s9id ti.ut tt.a
inca.e from advurtiaing is bstwoen 11 000 and

$12,000 yer month and that ths total 003;- «-
ating cost n9r month ran around 15 000.535

Feenito 9abb's atatamwnta to tho ;I.C, by Pay 192 9,
kﬂﬂ'ahowed a small urofit of $1,757.92 for the first time
in nearly a decade of Operation.

Cn January 3, i931, Rad launched another affcrt for
a 50,000 watt grant, this time basing its requnat on an al-
location which had been ”leaned“ to the fourth radio district
by the second radio district several yaarn batcre and assignad

to KIN, Chicago (now locutcd in Cleveland).

 

23‘1b1a. 235Ibid.

 

1&9.

ﬁtﬁtlen UHJ...0n Jan. 3 :11“ With tn.
iodarul hadio Commission an aopliootion for
authority to use the maximum power of 50,000
watts, anﬁ for u ohanao in frequency from its
prooont regional channol anoignmont of 920
kilocyclea to the cleared Chantal of 1,020
k1100yoloo.

Thrﬂﬁ ogpoals, t1} involving Etotlon
Kiw'a assignxent to tho 1,220-kilocyclo
channel and contooting the Commisoion'a
contention that tnia channel is “leanod‘
tho fourth tons, now aro romding in the
Court of Appeals of the Eintrict of Colum-
bia. In the past your, a half dozen sta-
tions in the second zone havo sougnt an- 6
signnent to this channel on the soon grounds.23

after mountaino cf corrosgondonco had boon exchangod
onﬂ hours of hoaringo had been conﬁuctad, the Federal Radio
Comzisaion stood firm. In 1G28, the 92c had asked Tho News
to incrouso its powar and the answer Come back from ﬁotroit--
'50.” And now it was too late. 31th the country oividad
into zonos, and each zone givon a quota of eight clear chun-
nol allocationo, the grants had been woﬂo. The quota had
boon filled with stations in Chicago, Clovolund, and also-
where, Operating at high power. MaJ, a pioneer broadcaster,
must confine its signal strength to 1,000 watto--a meager
voice for the grano old lady of broadcasting. Since taking
office in 1???, Tor ﬁgs had tried to inoronoe the power--
and fullad.

In i§31, the {eyne County Hedical :cciety bejan a

systematic oorios of hsulth diocussiona. incouragod by

 

336“stution th at Lotroit Petitions For Use of
ﬁaximum Radio Sewer,“ Vnitod Staten Foil (Formorly putlishod
in Haahington, F. 5.), Loo footnote (,2.

150.

their success, the Society pronosod a numbor of short plays
which woro givon tho title, 'Dromon of Scionco.‘ Ewo yearn
later, in an effort to oncourago additional rublic involo-
went in tho rrogrﬁm, a quoetion and answer sorioo was begun
which oontinuod for eight yoaro. 'Eroaas of Science“ woro
followed by a now aorios in 1935, “Booth Eightors.' The
books of Foul do Kruif woro nood as oouroa notoriol for
'Doath Fightoro' with tho author assisting in their adapta-
tion for WNJ. Coordinated with a campaign against tubercu-
loria in totroit, tho oorioa rosultod in tho passage of a
bill calling for the oxoondituro of $230,033 annually to
fight tho diseaoo. The results of the corias were doacribod
by ﬁe Kruif in hio book, ”The Fight for {ifo.'237

Unﬁor tho guidance of Jofforoon Hobo, the oregram
concoots introducod in 1930 more oxoanCod and improvod, with
rerforooro ono otmrf mortars polishing and rofining their
broadcasting skills. he tho contributiono by tho homon'a
Hooortoont of The Saws dwindlod, it b came nocosoary in time
to ooloct a performer who could orooont program» of intoroot
to the station's Cistaff liatonoro. tally Woodward was finally
chooon and for six yearn oho aired a ooily program Foriea con-
cerned with 500331, club and hororaking activitior.

on iohruury 1, 193b, ka introoucod tho 'hinute Farada,‘

one of tho longoot running couoorcial programs in broadcasting

ﬂ .. - e- a. ‘ ‘

“37aﬁJ, Tho 98tP91t hove, Cutotanding hventa and
Forioc Erogrooc Vrooﬁcaot by EHJ,.mitoogrnphod nonuscript,
p. 10.

151.

V 1

history. Sponsored by the u. L. Hudaon Ccmvany, a Eetroit

derartmﬁnt Etcre, it was tsarﬁ «act mcrning from 9 a.v. to

9 8.2. for mars than 23 years. Earhara Vraoka was the ori-
ginal hootasa of the rroyram HhiCh featurad taxi—elastical

mutic, intergsrrtcu with store news, hath inﬁtitutional and
merchandising.

The {aﬁaral raéio rerulntory boﬂy, the éedernl Radio
Commission, was disbanded on July 1, 1?)“, in favor of the
Federal Communicxtians Commisaicn, which 50 drne breadcaating
in 1962. Under tra ﬁrovieiona of tie act panama by Congrtsu,
seven tﬁmbﬁrs H6P% appointad to tha Lecmiasion to deal, not
only with national brs&doaet regulation, but all interstate
and forsign t313:.;na and telegrugh cgmzunicmtien by air.

and ratio. :39 ;CC waa ﬁiviiea into three divisions, of

which ona, the Frsntcast fivision, carries on the functiona
238

i

of tha Bedsrdl :aaio C67KIEBIOU, which the FCC su?erseded.

23vw1cyclawaacﬁa ﬁfitﬁﬁﬁifﬁ, Vol. ;i, p. 213.

 

xv A ofgvr Ffvwéﬁh 9T3?"1936

 

In January, 1935, s. A. Jacob: Joined the staff.
Batter known to the KHJ audionco no audio Jake, ho wandered
tho city ctroota, with c oar-load or oquipmont, responding
to distress ooll: tron radio listeners. with hadic Juno on
the Job, tho station's obsession with the elimination of
rodic intorforonco no. ontioficd and hundreds of lottoro
of appreciation pourcd into HRJ from grateful members of
the audience.

You will recall that I called you in

cooperation for help on tho trouble we are

having with radio intorforonoo. Tho situa-

tion was ac serious that no were facing

rcal danger, doc to our inability to out.

clear contacts with encroaching planoa.

You woro good enough to sand hudio Jake

out hero to locate the trouble quickly 239
and followed through to have it corrected.

Although Jottcrcon Webb had announced the construction
of a magnificent our building to house the WRJ studios and
offices on the station's 15th Anniversary pragroo in 1935.
he did not live to sea its fcrral dedication in 1936. H. J.
Sorippc, son of founder tillian E. Ecrippo, carved an acting

manager of wa in the interim hotwoon wcbh'a death and tho

239lottor to w. J. Scripoc, WWJ. from C. V- Burnett,
Ranogor, {otroit City iirport, circa, Pabruory, iﬁBé,
one Files.

152.

153.

appointcont of cotton R. #00113, who bocuoo concgor of the
station on footeobor 15, 1936, a any hoforo the new studios
woro formally dedicated. uooluy had boon ﬁRC'c director or
station relations and he managed RAJ for almost a your,
leaving Juno 1, 1937.

The million dollar structure that ooonod in 1936 to
shelter tho iHJ Operation rivolod the Han lork facilities
of the major networks. hioing five storing, the building
boosted fivo studicu, tho lurgoct of which was tho Auditorium
Studio, coating 340 porcona and ntill in use today. Tho
auditorium occupiod nearly half of tho firot floor. and
contained an elaborate lighting ayatou for both the audience
section and the broadcasting stage; a projection booth; con-
trol room ovorlooking tho ctaga, and one of two console: of
a hugc pips organ.

Co the coccnd floor, separated.by translucent glaaa
partitions, woro tho offices for tho ototion ooongor, sales
and sales manager and o conferenco room. Located on the
third floor woro throo utudiom: studio A (30 foot by no toot)
coold accocodoto a cinccblc audience in addition to the per-
foruorn; studio 3 (35 foot by 21 feat). and atucio C (21 foot
by 12 foot, 6 inchoo). Etudio D (20 foot by 1“ foot, 11
inchoc) on the fourth floor comolotod the cluster of origin:-
tion points and shared the floor with studio 5 observation
room, studio A client's roco, studio 3 observation room, a
rohocrsol room and storage and mucic rooms.

Tho {on roomo, radio ahop, battery room and organ

15“.

cbuobor occupied tho fifth floor and on the lower level
were the test kitchen, The Eetrcit News none Institute
exhibition room, chorus room, crossing rooms and the office
of the Home Institute director.

Thin canninbly detoilod deccription of the varioue
studio and office locations will help to dononctrcte the
dramatic matcnorphcoic which tho building hue undergone
since it Opened in 1936. Apponﬂnd to the west ciao of the
original structure in a {2 million, throe-lovnl television
building. 0n the second floor of the radio building, the
various offices once located there have boon convertod into
a single offico for the who and uaJdTV general enncgor.
Studio 8 is the only studio still in its original form, with
studio A housing the wa neua dopurtnent, studio C the tape
recording equipment and studio 0 the ototion bookkeeping
department. Television motion picture file is now deveIOpcd
in the former test kitchen and the raﬁio colon department
occupies the space once uocc for Rome Institute displays.

It in quite possible, in short, that Albert Kohn, the inter-
nationally-known architect who designed the ctructuro, would
have difficulty finding his way about the building.

A: part of the i936 exnnneion pregrnn, HXJ also ocved
its trancnitter to n new location on the edge of the city at
8-Kile and Ryera toads. ﬁnd it boon willing to cakc the trip
in 1928, 50,000 watts, instead of 5,000 wette, at power mould
have radiated from the too-foot Elan-Knox vertical radiator

antenna. Icelgnod by Clarence 3. Cay, the transmitter building,

155.

in its first yoar, drew 60,000 visitors who marveled at its
magnificont aural: doyicting the varioua phonon of the broad-
caeting art and its opacioua flower garcons which captured
aoveral lunGBCaping awards.2ho

ﬁho building was also equipped with living quarters
for its start and a studio 80 that the transmitter could.bo
Operated in case of disaster or an interruption in the city‘s
telephone service which would break communication with the
downtown studioo.2h1

Aloft during KHJ'B now tronouittor dedication was The
Early 31rd, tho ataticn'a nova-gathering airplane. The air-
plane nos aquippod to broadcast directly to ﬁBJ, which, in
turn, could relay the pilot'u deacripticn of a news event to
tho radio audionco. As C. C. Erndnor, Ty Tyson and William
hishlor described the transmittor Opening on April 16, 1936,
from tho ground, Jason V. Fioraol, aviation writer of The

News, reportod the oven: from tho ﬂing“2

In addition to the main studio builﬂing and tho trons-
citter alto, NRJ Opened 3 third facility in the renobscot
Building on January 29, 1936. Located horo use ototion

h$¥kJ, an ultra-high frequency, exporiznntai outlet. The

 

2“°-ao,ooo Visitors Boo sun's Transmitter,‘ The
Eotroit Hows, Fay 30, 193?, p. l.

2“15tcddard hhito, Nous Leloaao, Captoabsr 13, 1936,
The Eotroit Home library, p. 1.

Zuzutranaﬁ1tcor of 5,000 aatto opona a new ira for
th,‘ Tho {atroit Hews, ﬁpril 1?, 1935, p. 1.

 

 

156.

loto Carl Nasser was hBWXJ's first Operator when it signod

on with a power rating or 100 watts at a frequency of 31.600

kilocyclos. Tho station's pragrsnming consisted chiefly of

public service offerings and horse Coda classes.2h3
Also in 1936, RKJ put its elaborate radio and photo-

graphic field car into servico-tor the first time at tho

All-Asorican Foop Sex Corby in Akron, Ohio. Taggod “a unique

Journalistic achievement," the 8,800 pound truck was designed

to carry a crew of reporters, photographers, radio announcers

and technicians to the scene of an important news story.

Aboard the mobile unit, in soditicn to its crow,uac c mass

or equipment for transsitting tho news back to the station

and the newspaper. Two pack transmitters, carried in a

harness on the reporter's back, were used by the radio

announcers for on-tho-scono covorogo of an event. The unit

also containod s photographic dark room where plates were

devolOpod and sent to the newscaoor from a photo-tronsaission

cachino. The Early Bird airolano was also equipped to broadcast

from the air, to tho ground mobile unit, and thence to tho qu

main studios. In all, six separate licenses woro roquired to

cporato tho Jumble of remote apparatus.2uh

Er. Lee to Forest returned to tho wa studios in 1936

to help the station celebrate its 16th Anniversary. His spooch.

 

2&3Pictcrial Eadie Histor The Dotroit News Ultra
High Prequoﬁﬁxffsrviceo, The Lotrcit Rows IIErury, pp. 1- .

2““:toadard white, News holoaoo, August 16, 1936,
Tha TetrOIt ”0W3 library. {333. 1-20

157.
in which ho claimed over and over again that HNJ was the
first broadcasting station, roooonod a controversy that
had existed for years. He said:

Boginnings uro always mysteriouo, and
the beginnings of ionic are no exception...
On this iéth Anniversary of the Opening of
the first commorciol hadio Broadcasting
ftstlon In tho entire world, ahJ, I ostoos
it a rare orivilogo to address a nation-wide, l
porhurs a world-Nico sudionco italics mine .2’5

Second place, he claimed, wont to KERR.

So on tho night of Auiust 20, 1920, the
first commercial Lndio irosdccst ototion.in
ETI'EI tho world was Opened.

Not until eleven weeks aftor its found-
ing did KWJ sharo tho channels of tho air with
a rival broadcasting station. Tho honor of
bring socond in a raoidly lengthening pro-
cossiOH"T§II to ATKA of iittnburgh...nnd
thourh it has erroneously claimed and boon
credited with iriority among broadcasters.
it in still ontitlod to a place of distinc-
tion as one of tho pionooro.

But HWJ can tonight point with Just
rrido to its oresioro status among all the
thousands of FEETU'EFoadcuoEing stations
subooouantly fouggod throughout the world

italics rino .2

 

Tho ﬁe Forest pronouncononto, giving kNJ priority as
the world's first commorcisl broadcasting ototion, caused a
furor of activity in the press. Claims and counter-claims
came from a dozon different directions. Tho KKKA-WhJ
controversy, over which station began broadcasti : first,

was luunchod and still lingers today.

 

austr. loo ﬁe Fcroot, Spooch Given on HWJ, Auruut 20,
1936, transcript in.Tho totroit News library, pp. 1- .

2&6Ibid , pp. 3-1;.

XVI A HISi’ZTIiZH CF“ E'PICRITY-Kﬁﬂn (TEE: HRJ?

it broadcasting's beginning had been a rovolution,

instead of on evolution, the answer to the question of station

priority could coma quickly unn without reservation. However,

commorcial broadcasting won the outgrowth of hundreds of ”ham.

stations which ooorated across tho country before and icoodiately

following World War I.

The two loading contenders for the title of tho world's

first commercial broadcasting station are tron and ﬁnd, although

other cutlota have boon oddod to tho struggle in recent years.

The grant body of radio history noon: to favor KSKA.

voreory

Tho rise of the radio industry in the
ﬁnitod States has boon the cost rocorkabl.
achievomont...ctarting from a single broad-
casting station in 19EO-athc pioneer station
EDKA in iittoburgh...--David Sarnoff, The
Radio Industry.

-Tho first regular broadcasting station
to ho cstobliohod in the Unitod ﬁtntoa was...
the station well known as aria...--A. E.
Purrowo, Tho Ftory of Broudconting.

Cne of the earliest and moat successful...
stations «as KIKA at Rent Pittsburgh, $3., owned
by tho testinghouao oloctric and Rnng£acturing
Conrany...--hncyclooedin Britannica. 7

motivatod by Cr. to Forcst'n speech at the 16th Anni-

colabration, writers and oditora who had perpetrated

 

p. 29.

158.

159.
tho Ktﬁn myth began to ro-cxamino tho facts concerning
brondcnating'a beginnings. in Tina magazino renortod:

Kine rodic dovcteoo out of ton have
doubtlosc hoard or road aomowhoro that anti
use tho first regular brooﬁcooting station
in tho U. 3. Great, therofore, was their
auroriao one night last neck when RRJ...
colashod over the air a ...progrnn in which
it claimed seniority over hoary KDKA....

Neither of tho rivals can claim oricr-
ity oxcoot as a commercial atation...leo
La Foroot...oné othor pro-tar radiocuotcra
were Er. Frank Conrad of nestinghcuso and
Eiobﬂl‘t Gownn or in i'OMi-lt 5:36.10 7910:7330}!!!

& Telegraph...

Unable to got around the colic foot
of the Lotrcit station's priority on the
calendar, hiai arguod that it was operating
under ito precont call letter: 16 months
bofore %WJ was assigned its proacnt latter:
on Karen 3, 1922. ngoinot this was ##J'l
claim that it had received its third licence
(in October, 1921) before KZﬁA appliod for
its first. $253 was, in fact, the aigtﬁga
U. 3. station to be Fodorally licensed.

Housuock magazine echoed many of tho none argucontn
and added:

Neither station could arcane a listing of
tho facts:

 

 

‘EEi Khxi
l. Firat broadcast on 1. First broadcastzﬁg
Aug. 20, 19:30 Nov. 2 (h), 1920
2. Night and day pro- 2. Froxrnmo semi-weekly
gran since above date until 390. l, 1920
3. Commercial licence 3. Cccccrciul license 250
issued Oct. 13, 1921 issued Oct. 27, 1ozo
2“”Ib1a.

 

2h9£everol tontinghouac officials wore quortionod by
Howswcok. Soon gave MoVoobor 2 on tho date or the firot_brouacant,
hfé§,cthcre insisted that Elﬁn had begun broadcasting on Hovombar
. O

o‘ﬁirthdayn: th's ﬁixtconth Annivorcory Loopona Cld
Feud,” Homework 7:9, august 29, 1936, p. 12.

160.

Even with the facts clearly ototod, by Tioc and ﬂows-
uook, othor radio authorities who attampted to explain the
Etta-HMJ situation cannon to bocomo hopelooaly cuddled. The
How: itaclf had probiccc, which prompted this memo from
public Relationa ﬁirector Leo units:

Nov. 22, we ran on ongo 1 (col. 5) a
story on our aoolication for permission to
oonttruct and oporato a toleviaion brood-
casting station. In it, no Broke of The
Now: as being “first to cooratc regular
broadcasting I? Tali Ahiﬁ.” This under-
statement of our validatad cluin to having
tho world's first coocorciol broadcasting
statTEﬁT—Eﬁhﬁﬁ'fﬁo cldoﬁt‘trouacatting
EEEETSK oxistinﬁ, woo raﬁeotcd, pcrhuns
not unnoturally, in yesterday's 'Howaetto.'

iloction night a ccoonntatcr in Now
York, broadcaoting ovor H30 and co over
th itecif, rcoooted the hoary and indo-
'TEE£TSIG‘Iogond about KIKA, which no corrected
on the air next day.

Couldn't we niacin be correct in Tho
none too on thd’ﬁir? J

 

The Inatituto or Eadie nnginﬂors triod to solve tho
ccntrovercy by tracing broadcasting’a coooleto lineage.

In tho mauntimo a do Foroot radio set
had been put into oooration by tho Lotroit
town, and on august 31, 1920, thio station
cont out election roturno...boforo tho ao-
tivitioc of Er. Conrad had boon tranoforrad
to tho testingnouao factory. So the Letrcit
Haws ototion untodaton the heatinrhouco
factory station (ﬁﬂﬁﬁ), the Conrad homo
station antidotes tho Latroit ﬂows, the
Cowon homo station (in Cﬁﬁiniﬁg, a. X.)
antodatao tho courts, and Ge Poroot'o
activitioa ontodato than all. As to which
no: tho “oicnoor broodcaotor‘ tho roador any
Judgo for himself.252

 

251Loo A. thitc, Ecoortmontal Communication to Prod
Gaerther, ﬁovembor 27, 19hu, WiJ Files.

252Th9 Inctituto or hadio ﬁnginearc, Erocaodingg‘gg
the Institute, cc. Alfrod N. Goldsmith (Mow Eork,‘Fcbrucry,
I?257 V01. XIII, No. i, p. 123.

 

 

161.

Unfortunately, most of the existing books, wholly,
or in part, devoted to radio history, are more often a
concoction of reminiscences rather than a scholarly report

of the facts. Typical of this group is a book, This Thing

Called Broadcasting.

The authors vigorously disclaim the title
of radio historians. No attempt has been made
herein to write radio history...(and) they have
not attempted to decide the grave qugggion of
the paternity of radio broadcasting.

After this impressive disclaimer, the authors add to

the confusion surrounding priority with this erroneous state-

ment:

There were many others who took part
in the pioneer broadcasting efforts. WWJ,
for instance, was on the air soon after
the igaﬁguration of regular broadcasting by
KDKA. 5

Gleason L. Archer‘s book, History 3E Hadio 32,1926,

 

is often quoted in support of the KDKA claim of priority.
Although Archer's book is indeed an impressive work, it is
interesting to note how many times he uses the words alleged
and assuming in describing the founding of WWJ.

A station Operated by the Detroit News,
is allowed to have antedated KDKA in broad-
casting news. It is claimed that on August 31,
1920, a radiophone program was put on the air
from an alle ed Detroit News wireless telephone
station and %Eat the service thus inaugurated

 

253Alfred N. Goldsmith and Austin C. Lescarboura,
This Thin. Called Broadcasting (New York: Henry Holt and

Co., , p. v.

25‘*Ibid. , p. 314.

 

162.

was continued on a regular schedule thereafter.
If this can be substantiated [it has been] then

M

miss, unless it have other claims to rriority,

would yield its crown to Station yea, the lineal 2_.

successor of this early beginning. [italics mine]. 55

Er. Archer mentions that ”3??! was the lineal euc-
cessor of the westinghouso exserisental station that Er.
Erank Conrad had operated on a schedule for a long time
>rior to the Opening of T?3A.'256

what Er. ﬁroher fails to point out is that Conrad, in
addition to operating a station long before {SKA went on the
air, also Operated a station long after ESEA began broadcasting.
To quote Sr. Archer:

He (Conrad) rushed hose to his own

garage-station EEK and remained there

during the broadcast-o'standing by“ to pick

up the program in case a thing should go

wrong in the new station.

It was not until 192“ that Dr. Conrad finally trans-
ferred his station to hostinghouse Broadcasting Compeny.258
Since KEKA and the Conrad station Operated simultaneously
for four years under different call letters at different
locations, it is impossible for one to be the lineal ouc-
cessor of the other.

In studying the priority of stations, most historians,

including Ir. archer, have relied on the chronology of grants

 

ZSSGleaoon i. archer, ﬁiotor of indie to 1926 (Han
York: American historical Society, 1nd77'19383,'5} 257.

zsélbiﬁ. 257Ib160. p. 23“.

 

i} .
‘Sa'hsdio stations he or hora fears Lid in 1962,‘
Proadcasting Engagino, Ray 1“, 1962, p. 133.

163 o

as recorded in the Radio Service ﬁullctin of the Department

of Commerce.

The author has examined with great care
the back numbers of the Eadie fervice unlic-
,tin prior to November 1, 1921, and {E unable
‘t3_Eiscovcr any such station, denyitc the fact
that other ennerimcntal stations in Letroit
not affiliated with the Lctrcit ﬂows are in
the listings.2

Since wed rented its first transmitter from hadio
ﬂaws and Eusic, Inc.. it in true that a station specifically
aseigned.tc The Detroit how: would not be in the early do»
partmenx.of Commerce records. Nevertheless, huJ did broad-
cast on august 20, 1920, and has continued to broadcast daily

since that date.

In a publication entitled, nesteur hadio
rtntiOns of the rnitsd States or f?’FTET.TTTBE
W,m1m appears Em: (WEE; Wow:
and Hueic Comouny. Inc. of Iotroit, Elohigan,
as the Operator of station 33% with a power
of 1,000 watts. thether this is a station 260
established by if: letroit News is not evident.

This was indeed the station established by ERG and
coblicized on the front page of The News on august 31, 1920.
The National Association of Broadcasters, after de-
ferring its decision for several years, finally emerged in
favor of’wud in the Association's 25th anniversary Bulletin.
1920 (Aug. 20) station siJ, letroit (Then
83%; later eel; wsJ, July 7, 1922).
owned by retrcit News and installed
by hillism J. [ﬁ.] ﬁcripps, began
accretion, broadcasting daily there-

after. ient out returns of State
primary election hug. 31. 1920.

 

259

archer, p. 20?. 25°1h1d.

16“.

1920 (Rev. 2)--KLEA, Iittcburgh (Rooting-
hcuco Co.}, foundod by Dr. Frank
Conraﬁ, begins regular nchcdulc of
broaﬂcccting with hardingogox prohi-
dentiol oloction returns.2 1

Also supporting huJ's claim wan tho coon of radio and
television editors, Ran Gross.

tony newsnaoors, magazinac, nd books
have croditad Knit with having been the
first American station on the air and tho
Harding-Cox summary an tho first broadcast.
They are wrong on both counts. haJ, the
radio outlet of :25 Lotrcit hows, dascrvoa
tho roccgnition.‘

Even with this preponderanoo of cviéonco to subctantictc
qu'a priority, some publications continua to dcago tho iccuo.

Ry your and (1920) HHJ and KLﬁA woro
gathering audiences and making claims about
which was tho first ctution--a question that
still can start ﬁg argument among oldtimora
in tho industry. 3

Oporating as an experimental station,
HEJ in Hotroit, want on tho air Aug. 20,
1920. ‘

Proudcucting begun "officially” with
the ﬁarding-Cox eloction roturnc cargo on
Hov. 2, 1920, by EDLA, Iittsnurbn.¢b

It in also quite possible that noit.cr NHJ nor Kama

cpcncd the firat commercial station. othor outlots which

"' 61
2 ﬁational association of Broadcasters, ”Icvolonnont

of Radio Cormunicction Since 1920," chcial 25th Annivcraagz
Bullotin (Washington, I. C.: uﬁB, Kay 2, 39h5T,mp. .

zezﬁen Gross, I 100394 ﬁnd I Fistonod (Now York: Rundou
House, 195E) cited by Horocheil‘ﬁarf 'JWJ and KSKA hrguccnt
Eattled,‘ The Patroit Hana, October é, 195“, p. 36.

 

 

263'1922-iaar oadio'o Eopulation Scared,“ Broadcactigﬁ
”crazino, Kay 1h, 1962, p. 82.

 

25“~iadio'a Chronoloﬁr of Filsatoncs.' hﬂdiq‘T"1°'1“1°n
Ecilz, Tocccbor 19, 1962, p. 31.

 

:65.

claim to be as old as or older than eithar kaJ or EDKA are:
KQV, Pittsburgh, (1?19); EBA, Madison, Wiaconein, (1??? a!
9 XV); HEB, Fallaa, (1920); £31, tkluhoma City, (1920); K KO,
Fvorott, Washington, (August 1?, 1?20); 5TH, Soattle, Wash-
ington, (huguat 20, 1920}; ENE, Lon ﬁngalos, (lﬁﬁo); KLZ,
[envor, (1993), and KCFT, fan Frwnoiuco, (January, 1&09).
There may be additional otationa inadvortantly omittod from
this list.

or this group, KC?3 has built the zest impresaiva
argument toward establishing itsolt as tho first commercial
station. Its first raaio exierimenta have boon traced to
voice trunsmissiona made by Charles E. Horrold, principal of
a San Jose tachniCal 0011353 bearing his name, in January,
1909, unﬁer the call lottoro xxx, which woro ohungad to £633
in 19h9 when the station was acquirod by CBA.265

KGB: aasorta that Er. Isa 30 Forest, at the Fan
Francisco World's Fair in 19h0, said:

“That station, H4323“, can rightfully 01313266
to be the oldent station of tho entire uorld.‘

To tho rebuttal that tho call letters Xgi did not
appear in tho Eadie Vorvico Fullotin of the Dazartment of
Commerce until January, 1922.267 K693 annwevs:

Early in excerimontal stages, the call

5“ W38 used. Cxoerimental land licenses SXE
and 6X? preceded the call SJN which was first

 

265'Fonulat10n 5oarad...' Broadcasting Ragazino, p. 83.
266Ihid.
267Ar°hor. p0 3930

166.

usad in 1913. tnﬂ, in 1921, when licsnaoa were first
ieouod undor tho clusnification of Lroadoaating, the
San Jose station become ELK. Lwtar it moved to San
#rnncinog Qua in 19u9 the call lettera ware changed
to ﬁtta.‘ ”

Iothapa the boat answer to tho quostion of priority
is this one:

trodging up radio’s oarly history isn't
an ea$y Job. indie historiuna find much that
was nevar documantod. The regult hao been a
sort of abbott-ggﬁ-Coatello routine of “who
was on first?“29r

 

255...},

zaw 'Firat' Cla ﬂ: KCSE Predecanaor Fagnn in 1909"
Grab,“ quaagﬂstigg Fa~2zi , Fabruary 16, 1959, quoting 00:-

don t. area, {ggynui gf C‘owdcawtiéx, "acbnical ggqgggz‘gﬁ
frﬂtécaﬂt Fﬁucutnrn {Janugry. 1g59 ' p. 52.

269“attelou :3terson, 'hnﬁio looks ﬂack b0 roars."
Thu retrait ﬁres Fraas, June 11, 1562, p. 6-3.

 

 

xVII Foray” Pnontcaarrvo

 

HHJ'B new stucioo were formally codicstod on ﬁcoton-
her 16, 1936, with o weak-long corina of programs featuring
many of radio's most colobrotcd personalition. Prod ﬂaring and
bio ?onncylvanionl; Joan Plains, who played the role of Mary
Earlin on the popular soap cpcro of the name name; coprano
Jessica tragonetto, and Broadway stars Ethel Barrymore and
Waltor Ramadan participatod in tho ceremonioc.2?°

Homodon anﬁ Kiss Barrymore Quantod Charlon Konnody'a
”The servant in the House,‘ 1 full-length play which was
broadcast by 5WJ without cuts or revisions and which re-
quirod two hours of air tico.271 This was the first of
three full~longth productions presented by the station.

The other: woro 'Jano Clogg,‘ starring Joan Elaine, aired
in huguat, 193?. and a spacial two-hour version of tho ro-
ligioun ploy, 'Tto Passing of tha Third Floor BaCk,‘ broad-
cast in roceabor, 1937.272

A. FACEIHILZ ﬁHD FM

Poginning August 13, 1938, with the tocporary coll
letters KEXTI, station th undertook extensive experiments

27°”toddard Whito,Nowl Boloaco,S0ptonbor13.193égvo‘o

271'Tho ﬂorvant: KHJ, 10:05,! fho Eotroit Nous, Santan-
ber 20. 1936. p. 1.

272'Cutctonding Eventa...' Po 10-

167.

168.

in faccixile broodcacting. A Finch ccanncr and rccorder and
a Crocloy rccnivor-roccrdar enabled the station to broadcuut
and receive photogrcoha and text catcricl electrically. A
facsimile installation was also placed in the mobile unit.
Eadie oditor and formcr acting cunngor cf Rod, Lobcrt Kelly,
was made facsimilo editor. Asaucing that newccapera woold
oomodcy be dolivorrd to the home via this new invention,
The hows again demonctratad its willingness to invent time
and money toward dovoloping a new method of distribution.273

Facsimile, although revived briefly followed horld
War II by KHJ, nCVcr trovcd aucconsful in rsclccing the
neighborhood newcboy and the long and costly exhorimenta
were crooped. Ultra-high frcquency broadcasts woro also
ruogcnded in 19h6.

Overctiag on a daytime power of 5,000 watts since
1936, KMJ raceivod a temporary grant to increase its night-
time power to 5,000 outta in Ray, 1937. In Novcmhor, i938,
tho Federal Communications Commission abolished all temporary
authorities, ﬂooding HVJ and all other regional channels back
to 1,000 watts nighttino. on October 1?. i9u0, wad scoured a
permanent grant frog the FCC uhich gave it 5 kilowatts of
power around the clock. A now 533-foot tower was erected
90 foot to tho north of tho existing hao-foot tower to

accomplish the directional signal pattern ayprovod by

 

273r1ctor1ai Eadie Hictcgz: on; totroit News Ultra-
High Frogooncg Sorvicos, pp. 23-26.

169.
the Fcc.27“
As a rosult of the new antenna doaian, tho utJ‘

nighttime covorec' e area assumed the stare of c Qarlett
poor, with a bulge extenﬁing generally a few degree: to

the northwest and its smaller tap pointing to the south-
eeot. Thin in the nighttime powor and coverage pattorn
maintained by HKJ today, with the daytime power and pattern
unchanged since 1936.

On March 29, i9hi, th left a channel address, 920
kilocyclec, which it had cointainod since 1928. Without a
great deal of fanfare, it began broadcasting on 950 kilo-
cyclec, where it remains today.275

It «no clue early in 19hi when the Federal Communica-
tions Coociccion began to issue licences for frequency noduo
lotion stations. One of the first to apply, HHJ no. given c
grant under the call letters, whsD, in the initial group of
allocation: made by the Conclusion.

Hobart Kelly, who had previously served as radio editor,
acting ototion manager of H53, {accicile editor and announcer,
was named manager or the new 33 installation. Don Georoot use
made program manager and a small staff, which would exclusively
service the in operation, use assembled. 0n Rovecber iO, i9hi.

Edwin K. Wheeler reolaced Kelly an monogor.

 

27”" .ﬁuo hyctor, “Hen Tower Up for h'aJ, ' The Detroit
News, March 28,1981. p. i7.

275'Chnnge-Over Mot 5aey Job, ' Trze netroit News,
VBPCh 28, l9h1, p. 190

170.
hagular daily FF programming begun Ray 9, 19h1, on

hh.5 uegaoycloo, under a rato cara iaouod Juno 1, 1901.

CL$E£ A--;oakdays: 6:00 3! to 10:30 YE
:undays: 3:00 rm to 10:30 rm

loss than 26-51 52-103 10141-155 156 or more
26 time: tines time. tine: time-
1 hour £75.00 £71.25 £69.30 €67.50 €65.63
i hour 05.00 02.75 1:22.63 00.50 259.382 6
t hour 30.00 28.50 27.75 27.00 26.25 7

3050 changod its call lottoro to KLNA on Novosbor 1,
19h), the 'M' donating a station east of the Eionissippi Ind
tho 'zwa' representing the Eyoning Eon. ﬁsaooiation. Under
the new call letters, it isouod rate card nuobor 3, reducing
its Class A, one-time, hourly rats to $50.00, the half-hour
to $30.00 and tho quartar-hour to 320.00277

Ultimately. the call lottoro were again changod, this
$100 to wa-ﬁx, tho PM staff was diabnnded and the Eonobaoot
studio. closed. ?rograaa presentod by VHJ are now titultan-
oouaiy broadcast by Hus-F? and commercials or. heard on.both
ltntiona at no additional charge for the frequency modulation
listonoro.

WHJ-Fm has had an application pending before the
Fooornl Communications Commisoion since Hay. 1961, for an
increase in its effectiva radiatod power from 50 kilowatts

to 500 kilowatta.

275h55y’ gags Card 390.30 Effective Juno 1, 19“1.

 

 

377ugyA, Rate Card Ho. 2’ Effective January 1. 19h5.

 

 

171.

B. th GLLS T0 wan

n. J. Scrippa, who had oervod as nonagar of HKJ from
January 17, 1938, to November i0, 19b1, was elevated to the
newly created position of director of broadcasting for’Tha
Evening News Association on the ova of the outbreak of World
War II. on Novenbor 12, Harry Bannister, who had been 03100
manager of the station, was named goneral manager.

A: a nrelude to the hostilities which were to follow,
huncell Rarnoa, foreign affair. commentator for'Tho News.
seated himself at c ticrOphone in Iondon to make a apooicl
radio report to WK: on the conditions which oxiatod in that
boebnd out city early in November, i?h1.

The broadcast is strictly for thin urea

and ﬁns, and will be the first in the memory

of National ”roadcaeting prone renreaentativoa

to bo race tron Iondon and directed oweoifically

to any station outside of New york. 3

In the period between Pearl Harbor ﬂay and V-J 03y--

one hundred and ninety-four nooks-awa broadcast the follow-

ing containing pregrama in the wartino public intereat:

621 JG-ainute programa
1,315 15-minute programs

“08 10-minute programs

626 S-uinute programs
17,531 Spot announcementuz79

The programs indicated were WMJ local originationn

 

278'Bornoc on Air Fro: Iondon,' The tetrogt ﬂaws.
C’CtOber 30' 19:41. p. 1. «III-I’m”

27930J, The iatroit Nona, wartime henort of Prorraeo
‘ig the fublio Intoroot (Eetroit: circa 15h , p.'§:

172.
Rational ﬂroadcanting comrnny proarnmn broadcast by HEJ urn
not included.
Along with other stations across the country, th
complied with government orders for otrict consorahip of
all programs emanating from the Detroit outlet.

Ear the last two nooks HHJ has boon
prornring for censorship restrictions and
attcmotlng to anticioato them. All uro-
ﬁronﬁ have been canceled or altered rudi-
cclly it they were broadcast by persons
not fully under the station's control.

Tue principal orcgroa involved was Ty
Tyson'o ”Run on the ﬁtroet," a quiz proxrnm
oarticinatod in by paoocroby in front or a
downtown theater. A week ago this program
was altered so that a daily recording was
node of Tyeon'n interviewn, and then, after
boing checkod carefully, each recording was
broadcast tne folIOuing day.

The connorahio regulations, however,
have rode it nocoooory to discontinue the
‘orogruo nltogetnor, and in place of it,

HHJ today broadcast e new program, also
featuring Ty Tynon.2°°

£33 took othor stops to aid the war effort. It elimin-
ated tie middle commercial from all neuocestn to allow more
news to be presented; aired frequent reporte by Dotroit Hows
corrospondenta 2. i. A. Earsnnll and huaoell Borneo on the
progress of the fighting; end, with ito staff marching off
to war in incroening numbers, introducod Fran Harrie, prob~
ably the first female newscaster to broadount on e regular
schedule.

In ﬁuguot, 19h2. it becane necessary to roducc the

number of broadcast houre. The difficulty of getting transmitter

 

G
2‘0'533 Couplieo hith U. E. Legulationo.' $92 {222223

tows, January 16, 19b2, p. h.

1?}.
tubes made it imperative to conserve those on hand.281

Even though the war years woro grin, an continued
to entertain its local audience with such lyrical groups on
the ”Town Club“ eoyhic*o-Cats, under the direction of Paul
Leach, with ﬁaye foster an Tabby and Franklyn Forguaon on
Jugneod. Rot quite so corny van a young announcer, ﬁugh
Downs, who worked for tho station in 19h2 and later went on
to greater fano on the host of several popular progrnno on
hBC- TV including the "Today Linen.“ nouns was the central
figure in an amusing hoax. one day two police officer.
crrivnd at the ototion to invootigatn on allogod robpory.
Ho can on tho staff know what had boon taken, although the
officers incistod that the inapoctcr had hoard the robbery
renorted on tho air.

Running comnrchonsion lighted the foe.
of the engineer.
”Say," he cxcluinod. “I know what that

one. Hugh Icwns...not off on tho fourth floor

incteed cf the third floor when he cone to work.

He was kidding at the mike about it and he said

ho thought somebody must have stolen tho studio.“

3 rurid investiiction followed. mg blueb-
ing ootcctives returned to neudquarters.‘

tn Fobruxry 1, 19h}, unJ becaxo the firnt, and
partner the only, station to ban tronucribcd announcements

and singing commercials, which have since been reinstated.

 

ZBlow3-J Will ueduce Ito Broadcast noura,‘ The Detroit
New», August 7, 19h2,p. l.

282'f’tudio Robbery a Joke on riko, ' The Detroit Nona,
June 28. 19142. :00. 1’ p. 1“.

175.
Kanagor Harry Bannister consioored tho ban his groatoat
contribution to broadcasting, although ho, of course, muoo
many othor, are significant advnnooo in tho local overa-

tion.

C. TEiICLVI‘ZIIfTﬂ CHE-$3 T3 DEZTEiC’IT

ﬁt war's and, the HHJ staff increased ita efforts,
begun in 19k}, toward learning ovary known fact about a “now“
method of commercial broadcasting callod tolovision.

Radio hardly reactod to «waatv'a introduction of
toloviaion in Fiohigan on Forcn h, 19b7. Cf oouraa, son.
of the regular me shows, including "Cottoo Club“ and “Cin-
Corolla kooxond,' woro slightly altered ano out on television,
but even with tho loss of two or throo orogrums, it was bo-
liovod that radio would continue to be pooulur donjito talc.
viaion's introduction. And'it was. An late as 1950, HWJ'Q
basic hourly rate was $800 an hour and th continued to
charao its clionta €1,000, one of too highest radio rates
in tho nation.

It was not until 1953 that radio rﬂally felt tale-
viaion's impact. The steady growth of toleviaion receivers
in the Estroit market finally reached a sizoublo number and
captivo radio listeners by the thouaando loft thoir sysakoro
to aquint at television tubes.

along with the other problems it faced with increased
comootition from toleviaion, kuJ was hit by its first sajor
labor dioouto in August, 1950. iickot linoo, formed by non-

bern of the ﬁationol association of Proadouating Engineers and

173.
Technicians, rimmed the building. ﬁtter two duyo, tho
walkout onﬁed ané tho engineers roturnmd to their Jobs
oooding ”tote and hodoral c noiliotion conforonooo.283
The strike oocurod on the 30th ﬁnnlvoroary of tho ototion
to the day, and the weekly Hﬁgﬂa ogrood Upon and said to
the 56 engineers would have ooorotod the station for a
year in 1920.

A solos booxlot, publisheﬂ in uotobor, 1951, by
th, ootod tho question that was undoubtodly on many brood-
castoro' lips, “that about EAZIG in Eotroit?' In analyzing
tho audionco, the bootlot oointed out that, doooita tele-
vision, qu woo rooctinq woro people than evor before:

tartar of iooolo‘ig tiJ lrimorz Coverox ﬁroaaza“
mun-m ... Mn“.—

Eoytino 3,930,200
19h0 ﬂ ghttimo 3,h51,900

Loytioa u,5oo,ooo
19b5 Kighttimo 4,000,000

Toytimo h,9oé,ooo
i951 Nighttioo u,335,eoo
In the ooto ooriod, 15b0-1951, tho booklet pointod
out, lotroit‘s per family iocooo had grown from £2,200 to
{b.7oo, In 19‘1, there was 331,000 woro radio homoa in the

WES §r1mory area than in i?“0, 207,000 more than in 19u6.235

283'33J and Tho Hows Eeetoro Full ’orvica,‘ The Totroit
“w

News, Auguat 22, 1950, p. i.

28kg Ttuéy by HNJ lﬁ-FR, 'Ahzt About EKEIC in Dotroit?,'

295rr1d., p. 10.

176.

Bosnito figuron to tho contrary, the tolovision audi-
onoo was growing at an almoat untalioveatlo rats and promised
to submerge radio forovor as an oftootivo odvortioing medium.
tot purchasoa, a good baromotor of audience intoroot, were

tipping tho scaloa in favor of television.

C?
0v 57000 2““

 

 

Igor kﬁﬁlﬁ FlT3

1951 (b 000.) 20,100 70,100
1050 83,000 291,100
1000 61,000 03,100
1008 71,900 26,500
1005-h? 122,100 5,000
i9k3-“5 111,200 1,500
1900-01 100,500 1,000
Eeforo 1900 189,300 500

Sadly enough, whilo HEJ struggled for its audience
during 1950 and 1951, it won two of broadcasting's moat
cherishod aworﬁo, tho ﬁlfrod I duiont Award and the George
Fostor Poabody Lword, {or o orogrom aorios on alcoholics
and anothor aorios titled '?rotoct Your Child.‘

Hooognizing that tho upsurge of intorost in television
would have to be rorloctod in tho corporate structure of the
€vening gens ﬁascoiotion, the radio and tolovioion cporationl
woro monarated into corpotitivo organizations. Each was given
ito own administrative hood, salon force and pragrom poroonnol,
operating under the over-all guidance of ﬁarry Bannister, who

, L 1 . 28
was 0009 general manager. “on .BJFOOt become manager of tHJ. 7

It took r0010 almost fivo yours to recover from

 

2861bid.. p. i7.

9. . .-_ ,. in q .
2‘7’howa nadio, Video uplit,' The wotroit 0909.
Cctobor 31, 1950, p. 32.

177.
telovieicn'a onvlaught. Fillingo, which had eaggod in the
early 1950's, olowly, on& with roinful rate cuts, took on
new vigor. ”also charta, which had dipped to the danger
point, turned upward, and tho posoiciots, who had pronounced
radio doad, auddonly noticed the body taking on now color.
than, in the 1350's, television absorbed

the entertainment stars, radio providnd uround~

tho-clock broodcnsto of popular and oymohonio

music, hourly news oumourios, pluy-by-play ro-

rorto or all major snorta events, and such

toeciol sorvicoo as frequent announcononta

of time, tnnroraturo mouther forecaots, and

traffic bu11et1ns.335

In the midot of raﬂio‘s rebirth, Harry Eunniator loft
MAJ to Join tho Rational Groooouoting Comﬁany as vice-proai-
dent in charge of station relations. Ho woo suoooodod by
Zﬂwin K. Rheolar, who served the an: atationn as genural
manager from 1952 to 1961, whon Jnmos Tobinvono became gen-
eral manager.

Under Rheolor'e guidanco, th aoved from the 01019-
tered environment of its downtown studios to its first
"permanent” rotate location, Northlond. an the “world's
largest shepeing contor,‘ Horttland looked almost gleefully
to recacbar, 1955, as its biggest sales month. However, Just
as record crowds were boginning to ﬁnthwr, the mononupors,
which had carrizd the bulk of the now Center's advertising,
wont on otriko. moalizing the hivertialng Vuid that had
bean created, 3;; saved swiftly to fill it. 7L3 station was

given permiaoion to entutlioh a tonoorory broaocooting booth

 

3? n, . . -
2“ Kay. The Iotroit News, non Loﬂroot, The Firthglacosg'

Proodcmnting, 1953, p. 5.

 

178.
in the hopo that :33 could stimulate oncoming intaroot in
its audionoo. Tho oxccriccnt won a success as thousands
of choooors stormed the Cantor, and naJ boooue a pgrtonont
fixture at Northlnnd. than tho J. L. Fucson Company oocncd
its second stomping contcr, nuatluno, ttJ has again given
broadcast rightu. A tiiro rezoto studio is Currently in
the planninr ctugos to be located on toodward Avenue in

downtown Entroit.

It is impossible to deal historically with the present.
For tho purposes of this study, however, come of the important
innovations of cooorn radio arc detailod hora.

Rocnuco cost Lotroitcrs drive to work on a complex
system of Frcowogs, tLe automobile radio has taken on new
significanco in 1362. th picnocrod tho now coraonplaco
txpreacuay Lorortc using periodic bulletins on traffic condi-
tions. 4nd wtorocc rooio's prime time was once the evening
hours, the 'driving times,“ when cozuutcro are rushing to
and from work, now command tho highwct rates. Fragrnns
ooocifically geared to the auto audience, such as “The
Bumpor-to-Eungcr Club,“ first presided over by the late
ulim Selena, tuvo guinod large followings in Acnrica's motor
canital.

Findful of its newsrnpor affiliation, ﬁnJ places
COncidcrcolc emphasis on news. Unlike the oarly radio audio

encec wt: inciatcd on whimsical, witty rooortc, the 1962

rouiio lictcnor ocschs that nxJ proton news quickly,

179.
concisely and comnrchcncively. To accomplish this task,
.53 hug convnrted its huge Studio A into a manoive nawsroon
and axcoablcd a thirteon-mun ctaff which is unrivnled in
Hicnignn broadcasting. 5t its fingartips is a maze of
olcctronic and mechanical equipment for gatnoring fact,
accurate news reports. The news gathering resources cf
the station's tirant publication are availablc on a daily
basis.

Leapito industry tronds toward standardized progrun—
wing formats variously titled "To? #0‘ and “dock 'n hell,"
NJJ has anintainad a divaraity of programming, and a middle-
of-tho-roud music concapt which it currently labels ”Total
hadio.‘ Frobubly lacs traﬁiticnol than itc major competitor,
RJE, 1t nonethclasn avoids program extromoa--acintainina a
bacic 'adult' arrcal. A multituds of offerings give Butroit
listenara a wide variety of cntwrtuining radio featuras.

Stackc of awards and citationo uttomt to QEJ'c annaa
of community responsibility. hoflocting n cornorato mundats
that two station truly aorva ita public, haJ has fostnrad
many public affairs noriaa which have proved both interacting

and enlightoning.

XVIII A [00% INTG TH? Ftrurg

 

ﬁadio'a growth has indeed been inpraccivo. In 1962,
there are more than 3,700 AN and 1,000 FM stations licensed
to broadcast. About 126,900,000 homo radios and pcrtablcs
are in use, nnd core than h6,900,000 automobiloc are equippcd
with radicc.289

In iQéO, latest year for which figurea are
available, total radio revenue was $557.7 million,
the highect in radio history. But, in the name
your, 33% of all stations lost ncney. 9°

In the fotroit area, wa shares the broadcasting band,
and the market ravcnue, with i? othor AM radio stations and 22

FM outlctc.
And what of thc future? Broadcasting Magazine predicta:

Noboﬂy cxrcctc radio to become again the
center of family activity that it was in tho 19308
and 'bOa. But neither does anyone think it's apt
to go actt again as it did in thc early pont-
tclovision 19503, or that it'll fail to continue
the gradual rexurgcnco it has made since then...

The long-range future in harﬂcr to access-
exccct that virtually evcrytody expects the radio
business to be far bettcr io, 20, or #0 years from
now than it is today.2 §ogt also think it’ll be a
fur different modium. 9

Broadcasting Engaging did offer some guidcpcctn:

289'Eadio at ho tntcrs It: Critical Yours,“ Proudcanting
annzinc, May 1“. 1962, p. 75.

29°Ibid.

291'Eadio Foals Confidenco in Ito Futuro,' Frtﬂdchﬂtinﬁ
Harmzino, Hay in, 1962. p. 77.

180.

181.

Lna f*rture, hownvnr, sticka out mara
than any otn*r in tun lcnv-rnngc tcrccnctn.
.lnt':s thﬁ ,rchinh rule of tu~ vortunl c rucio...
}naio in the future will be far more
“n9?“cral‘ ti.un it i: anu dg, stations will
BLVO more diaticct ncrwsnul itins, and adver-
tigers will be buttrr s;bl: tc pinncint their
uudicm‘mn: 0y choozzin; t‘: a tynen of undicnce
tuuy wunto-und tncy vi; 1 5:3nd fur aura zoney
in radio an a rcnult.“9
It in evident that rudin ail grow. The only ﬂin-
agrccncnt 11:3 in what direction this growth will tune.
Ry nccennity, ccmchCial radio broadcantcrn are dcaply
concernna with n :.:uzc of tub sand translators, with adver-
tiger intercM er a nthy, with tnd daiicutn balance bntucon
demanding unions awn E..ti“i ntuckholdcrn, with nncournging
cr ﬂiuccurnging ratings, with imnrussivo or puny returns on
invnetmcntz an; wit“ gtvernmant directives or innccisivcncuc.
To tta listener, howcvcr, radio in a familiar place
on tha dial whera one can find humor tu ruliavn naﬁnuaa,
intcrzation to rsalncc i:noxnncc, cairitunl unlifting to
overcome dnhrnsaicn, unt:rtuinwnnt to baninh bcrcﬁcm, and
stimulqticn ins tcu1 of com: lac ncy.
hadic is the lmugntnr ?PCViXﬂd by two comedians who
Cullcd themenIVn3 Amen and Andy. Ludio in thc tcurn triggnrcd
by an announcer an ho described the burning of the Leppellﬁ
ﬁinécnbarg. Laiio is the cxcit¢cnnt of a Ty Tyscn norld
:erinc broaﬂcaat; the tnrrcr of John Lnly's nnnouncnncnt

that the Jannnnaa had bonbcd Icnrl harbor.

 

152.

hudic in Eirter Vcaoc'a clcsot, J~cx Fanny's vault,
anﬁ Helen Trent's unending gratings.

a thread of radio‘s fabric of Listtry has bnen
curcfnlly, painntztingly hOVJﬂ by 315, tua infant that
raiseﬁ its feeblc voice to an inﬂiiteront butroit in 1920.
.nJ, “the world's first radio station.“ th, tun grand
old downger cf brcaicncting, uto nun stands nnjcntically
ooch cornin; um? cloorn bar threat. And bucnusm one oust
present a new on: vital face to a waiting audinncc each day,

sno way be NB 2r 1&2. Ear 8L3 wil nnvnr grow old.

BIBLIOGEAEHI

Books

Archer, Gleason I. "into of Radio to 1926. New York:
Amorican Historical TociaEy',‘Thc., 1938.

ennning, million Peck. Cormorcinl Prondcactinr Fion~ordThc
'51:?" rxnfrimont. 1.1.1515)? 33136,? was: rinrvnrﬂihivorem

“ingay, Hulcolm w.“ M 12?. New York: Robbo-Norrill C0..
1"‘1159. 0-—

”?roudcasting,' Incyclopuodia Britannica, 16th ed. Vol. XVIII.

Corneal, Georgette. A Conquoror of Fonco. New York: Horace
Iivori ht,1930. ”

Fncyclonaedia Pritannico, Vol. IV, pp. 207-213.

Flamin53, J. 1. Fitt! Years or T'loctricit,)1. Lonaon: The Miro-
lcoa Praoo, LE5., 1’11.

Goldsmith, Alfred N., ano Iooc1rbourn, Austin 6.71113 Thing
lelwd Fro reﬁgting. Now iork: Henry HolEo no 0..

#930.

Gross, Fen. I Looked and I Liptonod. Now York: ionaon Rouse,
195h.

Thomnscn, C. Tia fife and aorko SENEE' [on Io E>ront. New
York: £‘2odloy 1rTos, 1331. m " '" "'

 

Booklets and honorts

The To Forest iadio Talo;~hone & Talogroph Company. Lauﬁgzggi
Erurt Pr+r1,}nu;g 3coiving 1M3 1rntu§ Cntqlgp‘g, New
Yorx: In rorwszt gadio Telephons & Telegraph Company,
1‘30, pp. 36-51.

BoGroot, Con. TF9 Pirtholaco of “roadcnoting, retroit: WWJ,
Tho Introit Haws, 1964, pp. 2511.
Th3 Evoning Hews Association, Fuﬁio :tngg‘gg gr 3 Est ggit Ngw a,

rotroit: The Evenin» ﬂows noaociotion, 1922, pp. 5
183.

 

18“.

The Lvening News 6.330c1ntion, F:.dto tation d1J,Dotroit:
knJ, 1931, station rroaoEiona I 500x105, pp. 2-25.

The Inatituto of Fadio 91ngineara, Tr‘cenﬂin'n of the
Instituta, 0d. Alfred H. 0016:151th,1 33w “Kori:
Fibruary, 1925, Vol. 1111,50. 1.

K9111, Hobart. ELCth‘Fl Tad;2_HiAtQ£11TTh Vetrtlt New
Ultra-Riva Frequc3gy ArviCAA, Eotroit:1he latroit
Rows, circa, iaki,vpp. E-ﬁj.

Xat1onﬂ Aoacoiation of FrondoactArA. H.evalopmont of Radio
Communioat1on fines i?20,' A0131 Zﬁth Irriversar
”ullAtin, .aahington, D.C.x “afloza A8 AAociAtion o
211131111111, :uy 2,19b5, p. u.

 

A Ftudy by WFJ AF-FE, “what Abaut EAFIO in retroit?,'
Cotobor, 1951, pp. 3-19.

United Statas FApartAonb of Commerce, Radio Fervice Fullatin
13-1h U. 3. Buroau of Navigation, Jauh1ng50n, b. 6.,
Eeoember 1, 1923.

khﬁﬁ, Rate Card Ac. 5, ﬂatro1t: FHJ, Juno 1, iFh1.

 

wits-LA, Eats Card No. 2, Entroitzk'w' , Jnnmry 1, 19‘15.

 

u‘AJ-Tha [strait Hana, Pate Card No. i, Fetrc1t: Radio Station
"kJ, September I, 152'.

Mal-'1‘ he Fotroit Hows. Fats Carri! 3‘30. 23, Fetroit: Fadioﬂtation
hq‘iJ. April 1’ 195 a

waagrha Fotroit Hows. Fartima F9~0rt or Ere rAAa ;3_tha Igblig
gnterAAt. A heporf IrcpArAa 53' he iub 10 Afia1ra
partAAnt of WAJ, Dotroit: circa, 19b6.

 

Articles and Por1odicuis

”A1 weeks Joins itaff of Ilcturo Comnany,' The Eatro1t ﬂown,
JUI’ 31.1932.

'hlbert Raenn Ragga Fagazina Lditor,‘ The Fotroit Erna Frees,

"As 10 .90 It-ok1lliam L. for1ppe, "Tho Latroit Froo lreea,
Juno 1h,1952,d1toriul Iatza. ' '

Faker, Gretta. “Radio Conan of Ago,‘ FAnior Foholastio Engagine,
Catcher 22, 19h5, p. 5.

 

‘Parnea on Air From london,‘ The Datrou Rows, October 30, 19161.

185.

'airthdaya: th'o Elxteenth Anniversary Leapana Cld Feud,"
Newsweek 7:9, éuguet 29. 1935, p. 12.

Rruako, Tani H. 'Frcm xireloau to HRJ,‘ The recruit Row. Sundaz
Hafazina, February 2, 192?.

'Chango-Cvar Bot éaey Jab,“ The Entroit Nana, rarch 28, 1901.

'Eetrait Free Press' Radio Openn,‘ Tho Petrol: Fran Press,
R“! h, 1922.

'rr. to Foraat Rails Tloneering of HWJ,‘ Th3 retreat News,
ﬁuguat 21, 1936, p. 1.

Fr. Edgar toaite Jones, 'RWJ': Elvthduy,‘ ﬂuocoearul raving,
ﬁUEUﬁt 2h. 19kg.

inter, Sue. “Hon Towar Up far aw: Th9 retro” ”we, Enron 26,
19b1. "‘ """”""'

“First Danna Held to hadio and the First Trunamittar,‘ The £3-
trcit ﬂaws, August 30, 1?}0, quoting The FﬁtEOIE ﬂows
Legtaaber 18, 1920.

'Prlends Carry Holliday to heat Among the Hills,‘ The Detroit
”3". JUI’ 3. 19260

aaurtnar, Fred. 'Stttion HBJ Strong Promotion Ara for [otrolt
Rows Since 1920. 'Edltar and rubllaher, July 27. 1935.
pp. 11-12.

Gore, huaaoll. 'HHJ ﬂan Birthday Farty: Hero's reap Hehind
Scenes,'.‘?ho [strait Home, August 21. 1931.

Hart, Heracholl, 'ﬁvont of 1902 Led Up to WHJ,‘ The Fotroit
News, ﬁuguat 20, 1930, p. 15.

Hayden, Jay O."?roadcast1ng Stations Jump to 210 in Month,“
The Fatroit Hews, April 26, 1922.

'History,‘ Broadcsstlng, August 1, 19“?. v9. 73-75.

Jackson, H.C.I. 'Ilntening In on totrolt,‘ The {strait News,

'lietanlng In on Iotroit,‘ The Totroit News,
April 15. lghlo

 

 

~ 'Listanlng In on Letrolt,‘ The notrolt Nona,
Augnat 20. was. ""'"'" ""'""'""‘""’ """"'

Kelly, Robert L. 'ﬁistory of Ladle 1n K10h1gun,‘ Th; ‘0; "a
Elston: ragazlne Ail, aintor Huzb2r, 1937. pp. -12.

156.

'Lako Vessel. 'Iiok Uo' Saws niroleaa Felony, ' The Iotroit
Hews, Taco her 19, 1921.

"land and wutar Hour ?oturna by wireless,“ The Vetrcit News,
antarber 1, 1920.

”Leo Ta Forost, 87, Radio Eionoor, tiisc,‘ The New York Timon,
July 2, 1961,pp.1nnd 32.

-x. Too, KTBC (No REAP),' Variotz, April 11, 1962.
'Herry Fodloy Tufted Afar,‘ Tho tetroit News, farcb 29, 1922.

”Haney Brown Thrill. Hoarora by hireloas,” The Latroit Hows.
Locwnber 29, 1921.

'Wew 'Firat' Claim: :C‘a lrodeooaaor Pagan in 1909o-Grob, '
Froadcastinn, Fabruary 16.1959. pp. 52-53.

“News hadio, Video Split,“ The Tetroie News, October 31. 195°

'Tho Rana I.ndi¢phono To Give Vote rosu1t8,' Tho oWroit News,
3-u1fU3t 31,1920.

Peterson, Bottolou. 'Eadio Looks Back #0 Ianra,‘ The Dotroit
Free Prose, Juan 11, 1962.

' ickod Out of the Air 1 want-Ad for Tho Hana, ' Trs rotroit
Nous, Taotombor “.1920. .--‘~’

';uostiono and Anauora,' Tho Entroit News, July 6. 1995.

“533616 at £40 haters Ito Critical roan," Broadcasting, My 1“
1962, P. 73.76.

'Fadio Foals Confidence in Its ruturo,“ Broadcasting, Kay 1%
1962. 9?. 7?“?90

Eadie ”tationa he or Pore Yours old in 1962, ' "roadcaatiqg,
ray 1h,1962,pp. 127-1h3.

'Fadio Rafts Yule ‘pirit,' Tho Eatroit Fons, Tooaaber £5.1921.

'Ladioohono Given Richigan Tapers News Then Sloot Foils Tires,“
Fditor & Publishnr, April 8, 1922, pp. 11-12.

 

'Endio's Chronoloyy of Fiiostonoz,' RadiodTolovision roiiz.
EGCB'ber 19. 1962. p. 31.

‘Legatta by Padio,‘ The Totroit ﬂows, august 2“, 1929.

Times, izobort P. 'Tho "ighc Radio has Earn," The Petroit tiewa,
Mu ust 21,1950 ‘oo. 31, op. i and 14.

18?.
“The Servant: 313, 10:05,“ Th9 totrott News, :opteﬁbmr20,1936.
'Scionco-owHJ,' T199 28:23, August 31. 1936. p. 29.

“Shin Hears Tania Concert and Lauda Hows fervioa,' The Petrol:
Haws, Fentemhar E, 1920.

 

f’mith, E116 Gordon, 'Eiaéio Dinnars 8 Years on Air,'1‘he Retroit
News, Hugust 20, 1930.

i‘tark, George H. 'Bawntng or Ladio Liraolo Haoallad by NHJ
Visitor," Th9 Letrcit Haws, January E, 1937, p. 10.

'Hows Prondcact Crigginator In Enad at 61
After Collarea,‘ Tta “etroit Eéews, augrust 7. 19“O.

 

”Tyrone Tradition Fadan From the n1r,‘ The
petroit Hows, February 26,1953.

"£0 01a Timors,‘ ‘t'ho retreat New». Jinan”: 21-

 

19H1.
"we Old T1:ara,' The Eetroit Haws, august 22,

 

19h1.

'dWJ Link to Past Honored by Haring'a richl-
gandura,‘ Th5 fatrott ﬁewa, Lentoubar 20, 1936.

 

'Ctﬁtion HHJ at Eetroit letlticna For 935 of Kazimum Radio
Fowar, ' Lnitﬁd txtas lull , formerly pub linked 1n
{achingtun, 3.y.. clinsing quoted available in Do-
troit News horaronoo Le artmont.

itevonaon. I. 5. 'Llfo of Ea Forest Given HHJ as First in
P191d,‘ The neural: Hews, Beoembar 21, 1920, p. 1.

'Ttudlo Hobbery a Joke on Bike,” The Dntroit H838, June 28.
9142. “mm

'Tough Fiscal: Tough on LLJ,‘ Th9 Fotroit ﬂows, January 3,1927.

Transaitter of 5, 000 Hatte Span: a new Era for H;J ' The D -
trolt Haws, April 17, 1936.

 

”Tyson Honored After 25 learn on Eadie, Th0 Botroit News,
Fay 25. lga7. m ...—...

“Valentino's Int ﬁrsadcaet,‘ Th3 Totroit News, Fay 21. 1961.

'80,000 Visitora See HHJ's Transaittcr,‘ The Cetroit News.
my 30. 1937. - ------- ----

'T.E. Scripra,' The T:ntr01t T1H+H,June 13. 1952, E‘ltorlul
i ago.

188.
'Xhan Eadie has a Varvel,‘ The {strait ﬂows, august 21, 19h5.

White, Lax G. "Station WEJ Han P1rthﬂny,‘ The hatroit News,
Auauat 21. 1930.

Hood, ‘keila, 'Hho's Xho,‘ The ”atroit Haws, Auguat 20, 19h5,
p. 12.

'wa Among F1rut,’ IE2.123£2£EI§223, Cotobor 2B, 1925.
~x.$. ﬂolliﬁay, Lona,“ The tatroit Hews. Jun» 30. 1325-
'EkJ-oﬁn .xplanatien,' Th3 hetroit "3“ﬁo ﬂay “v 1922.

”REJ and The new: heaters Full Service," The retroit Rows,
kugust 22. 1950.

'qu 313333 Interferanca for Audlanoa Loanoa,"§n;§gg gtgigg
3311:, farmerly publiahad in Washington, E. 6., 6 1p-
ping quote available in Retroﬁt Hana hsferenco Dupartannt.

“kkJ Frosdcaats 1n Elana while Soaring Cvor notroit,‘ The :2-
trait yaks, April 1h, 1928.

 

'MHJ Complies 31th 8.3. hagulatlnne,‘ Th3 Estrott News,
JﬂDUHrY 16. 1932.

'aHJ Favorite at Radio Fana,‘ Tha ratroit ﬂows, Karen 15, 192?.
'qu Gives Tina to Gary and the Fuyor,‘ Th9 Botrolt Howe,
July 12, 1930.

'kHJ History Ens of F1rats,’ The fetrolt Haws, January 11.19“9.

'wa Bistory Told in Prior,“ The retroit Haws, June 16, 19h1.

'wa to Eieoontinua Free Rot Toetingn,‘ Tho Detroit News,
Farah 1. 1925. ‘

'KHJ to Frasent Euily Began,“ The Dotroiﬁ Rows, Fabruury 2h,

*wEJ kill Eeduca Ira “roadoaat Heurn,” The Latrott News,
éuguﬁt 7, 19h2.

'1922-13Hr ﬁadlo'a ?opu1at10n *oarod,' Pruﬂdcnntlng, K5] 1“,
1962, pp. 82-110.

 

Young, Cynthia Royas. 'wa-Flonaar in ﬁroadcasting,' The
Fichivun Blstorz Rapaz1ne, XLIV, Jocamber, 1965,;uxh13.

189.
Unpub11ah9d Entor1ala
Address by Er. Lou 30 Parent audio Station wa, The Tntrolt
News, August 20, 1933, pp. 1-“.
9.011033, 3.54. Latter to 116410 Lté‘atlon “VJ. itngIﬂt 29' 13:27.
Booth, warren S. latter to Jay 6. Hayden, Kay 6, 192?.

Lattar to Badlo News and Husio Congnny, In-
corporated, soptembar 11, 1920.

 

 

Latter to v. S. Glftord, February 13, 1922.
.#_, Telegram to H.£. ﬂorippa, Farah 11. 1922.

western Union.201egran to Karl Rillor, Cath-
ber 8, 1928.

Purnott, C.V. latter to H.J. Sorlppa, circa, February. 1936.

 

Caldwell. 0.3. Fpooon szoro the Bridgeport Chaaber of Con-
merce, FM? Transact-13% $3272, October- 15, 1928, pp. 1-10.

Carson, 9.3. Letter to Tho totrolt Hows, Ray 3, 1922.

to Forest, Dr. Ice. “Speech Given on HHJ,‘ August 20, 1935,
transcript 1n.Tba Lotrolt Hows librarY. PD. 1-“.

roiohman, K.”. Oraybnr Electric Cannany, “Price Quotation for
51w Proadcaat1ng Transmittar,‘ ﬁuguat 2. 1929.

Denartment of Commerce, Bureau of navigation, Radio Service,
'Llcansa for Land haéto Station No. 239,‘ Clan. 11--
1ted Commercial, April 6, 1922, pp. 1-u.

The :etroit Eons Purchaso Order #9589 to woutorn Elootrio
Company, Dotroit, Elohigan, Dacoabor 12, 1921.

Edwards, 3.3. lattar to Commiaslonar of Havigatlon, Perch 1,
1922.

Lettar to Warren S. Booth, Enron 6, 1922.

 

“activated First Coat 50 K3 Transaittar,' August 21, 1929.
..J Files, pp. 1-5.

Hayden, Jay C. Letter to Warren S. 300th, Eatroit Noun,
September 2?, 192?.

'herarkn of Cozmloslonar Caldwell at Radio Confor-
onoo,‘ Unnumborod Teletype Elapatcn, April, 1927.

 

190.

“honort of the American Enginooring Council,‘
Unnumborod Toletypo Llapatch, April 1, 192?, pp. 1-10.

 

Hoffann, Kaltor E. Exchango of Eroadonoting Frequency with
wcc, 'topartoontal Communication tomo,’ ﬁaptombor 2,
i927.

’aaport of Trio of Radio Engineer to Toledo
to Eotorcino ﬁxtont or Interferonoo with ﬁroudoaoting
Forvioo of Station WHJ,' Kay 0, 1927.

 

Kelly, Eobort. "Intorotfioo Fooo' to Herbert routing, oiron:
June, 1929.

Rally, hobort and Eoyoa, Edwin 0. 'In tho Fuhlio Interest,”
A History of the Radio Activitiqo of The Entroit News
from 1920 to 19hi, (Typouritton Kanuooript) pp. 9-123.
lyono, Viohaol E. Letter to T. HoOuiro, July 12, 1920.

Killer, Kori. Unnumberod Teletype to Mr. Gilmore, Tho ﬂotroit
News, October 6, 1923. -—_'

vw_ Nestor“ Uhion Telegram to ﬁnrron S. Booth, un-
numborod and not dated, circa: ”creator 1, i928.

 

Elant, Elton. Taro recorded intorViow by Frank E. Hill, Oral
Hoooaroh office, Columbia University, tronuoript pp.
2-17.

 

4*. Tune recorded interview by Robort P. Rimes,

hiooa, F. Ernio. ”Fran Earrin' 35th Anniversary FrOKrum,'
August 18, 1955, tape-rooording in th Filoo.

Scott, Frank. Agent and Attorney, the Evening News Association,
“Exceptions to txaminor'o Looort Ho. 3,“ Hoorin o
25 the Federal Radio Coorisoion, Lockot KO. 975, 95.1-5.

Foripps, w.a. ‘iurpooo of The totroit Rows hadio ihono,‘ Inter.
office Keno circa: 1919.

'hadio Talk Givon on kkJ,‘ August 20, 1930,
transcript in The Dotroit News Library.

 

Thomooon, C.Z. latter to The Eotroit Mews, Juno 2, 1920.

lettor to 3.x. Pooth, Octobor 3, i920.

 

?rurbo, ”award J. taoo roccrdod intorviow by hobort P. Linen,
ﬁerndalo, Pichignn, July 12, 1962.

191.

Tyson, Edwin L. Station Konugor, offiaavit Filed with the
Fodornl Eodio commission, hovoubor 7, 1928.

teams, Albort. iuotod in a hadio Talk Givon by Jefferson
B. hobo on HWJ, August 20, 1930, transcript in
tho Latrolt ﬂowa library.

ihito, Loo A. 'Eeonrtoontal Communication“ to Frau Gaorthor,
ﬁovozbor 27, 19““.

bhito, Stoddard. "Rows Lolaaso,” huguzt 16, 1936, The Eotroit
Rows library, pa. 1-“.

"how: helonao,‘ Sontoobor 13, 1936, The
fotroit hows library, pp. 1-“

 

hiosxan, Fol. “Ty Tyson Fgogranhy,“ typouritton monuocript,
no onto.

HEJ, Th5 {otroit News, ”Outstanding hvento and Series Yrograu
Proadoaot by hiJ,’ mimoogrophed manuooriot, pg. 1-13.

hRJ, The Eotroit wows, 'khJ Firsts: mimoogrophod manuscript,

 

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