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A STUDY OF THE LAY OPINION ON THE FAMILY SERVICE

n._;|1 “

AND
OTHER SOCIAL WORK AGENCIES IN THE JACKSON AREA

BY
hwmfleR.Rmfl

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted'to the Department of Social
Service, Michigan State College,
in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
of
JASTER OF ARTS

Spring
1952

I l. ‘- l.| ll . 1..i’a Ill! I I] I .l 'I'

“may

'l"‘.1llll ll..ll|l|ll.|Illllll-'|III'I II .llll‘I III:

THE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am much indebted to those persons who, by giving of
their time and effort, have made this study possible. To
Doctor Ernest Harper, Mr. Bernard Ross, and Miss Dorothy
Zietz who assisted.with criticism and advice and under,
whose direction the study was made, I am indeed grateful..

Acknowledgments of gratitude are also extended to Mr.
Manfred Lilliefors for his criticism and help with the sta-
tistical research; to Mr. Christopher Sewer for his help in
planning the survey; to Mr. John Hanks, at whose suggestion
the study was made, for help in making out the schedule and
time with interviews; and to the Board of Family Service for
encouragement and interest. .

Deep appreciation is expressed to Hrs. Dorothy Scott
and to Mr. Paul Reul for the generous amount of help and time
they gave in interviewing; to mrs. Elizabeth Alsup, to mrs.
Glenna Brooks, to Miss Frances Finch, to Mrs. Lottie Thompson,
and to Mrs. Alice Whitehead for their encouragement and.help
in typing the many revisions of this report.

To the laymen of the City of Jackson who contributed
their ideas and opinions during the interviews, I wish to

express my appreciation.

Chapter

I.

II.
III.

V.

THE TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE ACKNOWLEDGKEHT3000ooocOQoooooeoooeoooooooooe

THE TABLE OF CONTENTSOOOOOOOO..OOOOOOOOOOOOOO...

TILE LIST OF TABLESOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOO.
THE INTRODUCTIONCCOOOOOOO.COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.

Statement of the Problem, Related Materials,
and Methods of Procedure

GENERAL COMMUNITY'BACKGROUND....................
HISTORY OF THE JACKSON FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY....
OBJECTIVES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE AGENCY.......
INTERPRETATION OF FAMILY SERVICE................

VI. ANAEYSIS 0F QUESTIONSOOOO00.00.000.000....000...

VIII.

IX.

RESULTS OF

Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question

TIIE POLLCO0.0.0........OOOOOOOOOOOOOO

TABUIIATED RESULTS OF TIE QUESTIONS..............

One...”.............................
TWOCOOOOOOOCOOOOOOoooooooooooeooooooo
Three................................
Four................................o
Fiveoo...............................
81x0.........C..........0............
Seven................................
Eight....................o.....oo...
Nine................................
Tenn“................;...'..........
Eleven..............................

Twelve..............................

Thirteen............................

CONCLUSIONQOOOOOOOQOOOOQ0000000000000000000.000

............

”HE BIBLIOGRAPHY...0.0.00...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.
THE APPENDIX

ii

Page

ii
iv

17
22
55
56
4O
44

51
51
60
68
75
83
91
'92
100
106
110
112
119
128

155

V

The Schedule for the Public Opinion Poll......140
Verbatim Replies to Question Seven........... 144

111
RE TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

Chapte r Page
THE APPENDIX
Verbatim Replies to qu98t10n Eleven............ 148
Intake PraCtices Of 1947....................... 153
By Laws or Family SerVice...................... 163
Personnel PraCticeS Of 19520000000000.000000000 167

Table

#* ca to

COGWQCPUH#

10
11

14

26
27
28
29

THE LIST OF TABLES

iv

Page

Years of Education Completed'by Interviewee....g.
Place Of Birth Of InterV1eweeoo-ooooo0000.0000000
Problem Listed as the Most TroUblesome...........

0 inion Concerning the Problems Believed to be
eMost‘Troublesome:

A8600...0.000000000000000coco-coocoo-000.0...coco
Incom.00000000000000000000.0000...00000000000000.
Raceoooooooococo0000000000.00000000000000.0000...
Sexooooooooooooooooooooo0000.00.00.00000.00.00.00
BirthplaceOOOOOOOOO000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00.
Marital StatuSOOOOOOOOOQOO00000000000000000000...
Number in Household...5..........................
Religion..;......o...............................
Education...ooo.o.....o...o....................oo
Occupation........o...o...................o......

Person Recommended for Family Problem

46
47
52

 

O inion Concerning to‘Whom.a Person with a Personal
Or figmilxePrdblem Should be Referred: . ..

Asaoooooeoeoocooeccooococo.00000000000000.0000...
R8080...0.0000000000000000...cocoa0.000.000.0600.
seXoooooooooo0.000000000000000.oooooooooooooocooo
Birthplace..........o.........ooooooo..o.........
Marital Statusoooooooooooooo0000090000.000.00.00.
NDmber in HOUSEhOldeoo00000000000000.0000.0.0.000
Religionoooooooo000.0.00.0000.00.000000000000000.
Education...oo.....o............................o
OCCUPQtiOHo-onococo-00.000000000000000.cocococoa.

Place Recommended to Send a Qparreling700uple....

Oginion Concerning Where to Send a Quarreling
Connie:

Ageooooooooooo000000000000.000000000000000no.0006
IncomeoOocooooooooooooo0000000000000000000000000.

RaOBOOCOCOOOOOOO.......OOOOOOOOOOOOO......OOOCOOC

SBXOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.0..........OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC

63
65
64
64
65
65
66
66
67
67

68

7O
70
71

71

Table

THE LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

_pinion Concerning Where to Send a Quarreling
Couple:

Birthplace...................o..................
Marital Statusoooooeoooo00000000000000.0000.0000
NUmber in HOUSBhOldeooooocoooooooooooooooooooooo
Religion.......o...o...........o...............o
Education......................................o
occupationoooococo0.00000000000000000.900.00.00.

$gency or Person Recommended to Help a Family
Jhere the Father is Dead
Opinion ConcerningLWhere to Send the Family of
I'Deceased Man for Help:

 

 

 

 

MGCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.0.0000........OOOOO...
InOOHIBOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOO......OOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOO
R8060.000000000cooooco00000000000000000000000000

Sex.......OOOOO..........OOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOO...

Birthplaceoooooooeo3000000000000...0000000000000
Marital StatUSooooooooooooooooooooooo00000000000
Number in H0u36h01doooooooooooeooooo0000000000no
Relig10nooooooooooc0.000.000.0000...000000000000
Educationooooooooooooooococo-coco.0000000000....

OccupationOO......OOOOQOOOOO0......00.00.0000...

Where to Advise the Parents of a School Age Child

 

Who is Havinngifficulties to go for Help.......

Opinion Concerning Where to Advise the Parents Of

A School Age Child Who is Having_Trouble to_gp
For Help:

Ageooooooooooooooooooooooooococo-000.000.000.000

 

IncomeOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOCOOOCOOO0.00....
RaCGOOOOOOOOOOOOCO...0.0.0.0.........OOOOCOCOOO.

SexOCCOOOOOOOOOCCOCOOCO.....OOOOOOOOOOOO00......

Birthplaceoooooooooo000000000000000c...cocoon...
marital Statusoooooooooooooooooo000.000.0000....
NUMber in HousehOIdooa00000000000000000000900000
Religion...0.00.00.00.000000000000000000000060000
Education......o.......o.......................o

occupationoooo00.0.0...00.0000000000000000.00000

THE LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Table

58

59

Qgiflion if Whather or N01: JaCkSOD Has A:0000000
Bureau of Social Aid

Children' s Guidance Center

Council of Social Agencies

County Health Department

Family Service

Goodwill Industries

Michigan Children's Aid Society

State Hospital

Opinion of the Dufies of a Social Worker.........

 

Opinion of the Kind of Work Done by a Social

 

Worker:

@60000000......COOOOOOOIOOOOOOOOO.....OOOOOOOOOO
IncomSOO0.00.0.0.........OOOOOOOOOOOO...000......
Race..000000000....O...O...-......OOOOOOOOCOOOOOO

Sex....o........................................o

BirthplaCOOOOOOOOOOOOCO0.00000000000000.0000...O.
Marital StatuaoQQOo00000000000000.0000...oooooooo
thber in HousehOId..;.....e......o...o.ooo.oo.oo
Religion...coo-00000000000.coo00000000000000.0000
Education............o.o......o..................

Occupation.oooo.oooooo.......o....o.o.cooo.oo.oo.

Education Needed by a Social Worker..............

Opinion Concerning the Education Needed by a
Socia15Worker:

Age..........;...:.....;..;.....................$
Incomfl.................o.................o......o
Raceooooooooooooooooooooooooooeoooooooooooooeoooo
SGXQooooooonQOococoa-cococoo-00000000000000.0000
Birthplacego...é..o...o..........................
Marital Status...................................
NUmber in HousehOldooo0000000000000.cococoa-coco.

ReligionCCOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

OccupationOOOOOOOO000......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.

Division of $20, 000 Amqgg the Social Agencies....
Division of_$lOO Among Community Chest Agencies..

Page
91

92

102
102
102
105
105
105
104
104
104
105

108
110

Table

85

104

105
106
107

110
111

115

THE LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Service Given by a Family Service...............

Opinion Concerning the Services Given by a
Family Service:

 

$6....C...........................O.C......‘...
Income.........os...........o..................o
Raceoooo0.000000000000000coco-cococo...00.000000
361.....0..............C........................
Birthplace........................o.......:.....
Marital StatUSoooooooOQOOQOOOOoooooooooooooooooo
Number in HOUSBhOld-oooocOOQOOocacao-00000000000
Religion.o....o.o............o.....§....o.......

Education......oocoooo.........................o

Occupation...........................oo.........

 

D inion Concerning the Person The Interviewee
W 15 Consult for a Family Problem:

Ago.........‘...................O....0..0.......
Income...........;.............O................
Race.........O....................‘Q.....0......
Sex................OCCCCC......O....O...........
Birthplaceoooocoo...coo.oooooooOQOOeoooooooeoooc
Marital Status-0.0.0.000...00.000.00.00.........
NUmber in Househ01d0000000000000000000000000000.
Religion...o..o....................§......o....o
Education........................;.............o

Occupation.........o...........................o

Opinion Concerning Whether or Not Family Service
Should Charge 3 Fee

 

Opinion Concerning Whether or Not Family Service
She ldTTl) Gharge a Fee (2] Have aSlidingScale
(g Give Free Service:

 

A8°......os..go.é.uo.o....aos...ob...5:.:..5..35

Income
Race

sex .....‘Q.QQ‘OOOOOOOOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCO

Birthplace

marital Staeus ... 0000000900000...0.00000000000
Number in Household

R61171On........................................

Education

o0900000000000000000000000000.000000000

Occupation

000000009000000000000009.0000.000.000.0000

....OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO......OOOOOOO...
......OOOOOOOOOOOO......OOOOOOOOQOOO

vii

Page
112

114
114
115
115
116
116
117
118
118
118

119
120
121
122
125
124
125
126
127
128

128

129
129
129
150
150
150
151
151
151
152

CHAPTET I
STATEMENT OF THE PROBEEM AND METHOD OF PROCEDURE

The purpose of this investigation and survey was to
determine as clearly as possible the knowledge the peOple
of Jackson had with respect to the function of the Family
Service Agency and casework methods in this area.

The Family Service Agency exists fundamentally to
meet the needs of people and to help them to understand
themselves, others, and their community. The local agency
and its public relation program, therefore, depends upon
the extent to which the people of the Jackson area them-
selves know its purpose and value and are willing to
provide for the agency's needs as well as to use its
services. This chapter takes into account: (1) need for
the study; (2) related material and studies and schedule
used; (3) sc0pe of the study; interviewers and method of
procedure in the study; and (h) the instruction of the

interviewers.

1. NEED FOR THE STUDY

The last few years have taught people in the fields-
of social work the value of public relations; they have
become more aware of the need for educating the public in
the methods and procedures of social agencies. Not merely
a statistical report of the needs or accomplishments of an
agency can solve the public relations problem because the
growth and change in modern socialuwork has been so rapid
that not only is it ahead of its public; it is often ahead
of its own recording of social work experience and philo-
SOphy.1

Publicity about social work appears most often as a
part of a moneybraising campaign. The story to be told at
these times seems obvious, requiring only selection of a
few instances of need and service to support requests for
funds. As new relations with the public bring new kinds
of questions, and as many new groups become associated
with social work as co-operators, clients, and sponsors,
the content of public information needs to be more specific,

‘better documented, and more varied.

 

1 Routzahfi, Mary Swain and Routzahn, Evert G.,

ZPublicitg for Social Work. Russell Sage Foundation, New
0 , 8.

This study was made to revea1.some of the popular
attitudes and conceptions toward social workers and to
know how well a community understands and interprets its
Community Chest Agencies. It was made, also, so that the
staff of the Jackson Family Service Agency may know how to
enlighten the public with respect to the agency's purpose,

value and needs.
2. RELATED MATERIAL.AHD SCEEDUEE USED

The related materials available included Viola ParadiSe's
1
book Toward Publig Understanding pf Casework which gives a

 

report on the Cleveland poll which.was made in the spring
of 1945 under the auspices of the School of Applied Social
Sciences of Western Reserve University. This Cleveland
poll originated in a group of social workers, newspaper men
and pUblic relations people who had been called together to
act as advisers in a research project for the Russell Sage
Foundation. It was conducted in a scientific manner, using
the methods of the most reliable nation-wide polling

organization, and its results were analyzed carefully by a

 

’1 Paradise, Viola, Toward Public Understanding_g§
_Q§sework, Russell Sage Foundation, New York, 1948.

 

 

4

l
committee of experts before they were publicized. Seven

hundred families were interviewed in this poll.

Another study which was examined even more carefully
than the Cleveland poll, before the Jackson survey was
started, was the public opinion poll made of four hundred
families in the Eastchester and Tuckahoe communities of
New York state in 1947 for the Family Consultation Service.
This poll was done under the advice of Columbia University
in the following way. In preparing their questionnaire
the office staff mineographed a proposed schedule and sent
ten copies to each board member who tried them on ten friends
and reported the results at the next board meeting. After
this "dry run" the questions were revised until they met
the approval of the consultant, Mrs. Sophia Robison, of the
National Publicity Council. Then the responsibilities of
the poll were divided between the agency and the consultants
as follows:

I. The Consultant's Responsibility

A. Devising, Testing, Revising the Questionnaires
B. Selecting and Stratifying the Sample
C. Instructing the Interviewers

‘

lfiermyer, Richard P., "Here's the Score in Cleveland",
Department of Public Relations, Welfare Federation of
Cleveland, 1945 (mimeographed).

D. Coding and Setting Forms for Tabulation
E. Analyzing the Findings
II. The Agency's Responsibility
A. Himeographing the Questionnaires
B. Selecting Canvassers
C. Providing the Clerical Help
D. Arranging for Editing and Tabulating
E. Paying all expenses including a $500 consul-

tant fee for the peOple in charge.

The agency executive completed arrangements for securing
volunteer help for conducting the poll. Clerical assistance
was obtained from the Eastchester High School and from the
Junior League. The forty canvassers, or interviewers,were
obtained from Sarah Lawrence College, the Junior League,

1
and the League for Service.

3. THE JACKSON STUDY

The schedule for the Jackson study was patterned after
the questionnaire used in Cleveland. The questions were
revised to fit the local community. Some of the questions

were shortened, some reworded, many omitted, and some were

 

1 Letter and report from Eonica M. Haller, Executive

Secretary, for Family Consultation Service of Eastchester-
Tuckahoe, N.Y.

6

1
additions that pertained only to the agencies of Jackson.

After much revision and a dry run of twenty five inter-
views, it was decided to use fourteen questions and a very
short interpretation of Family Service. During the final
revision it appeared that the contents of the schedule could
be organized under the following categories: (1) questions
that pertained to problems which were within the scope of a
Family Service program; (2) questions that measured know-
ledge of the community's resources; (3) .questions that
measured understanding and knowledge of social work per
se: (h) questions worded to give personal information.

In the early planning stages for the Jackson Survey
the agency executive and this writer discussed the project
with the public relation committee of the Family Service
Board. The committee felt there could be benefits derived
from such a poll and expressed interest in knowing the
final results.

The division of responsibility in the agency for the
actual survey was as follows:

The executive secretary worked with this caseworker
on the revision and preparation of the questions used in
the schedule and recommended reading materials. He also

<Lid.five of the house to house interviews.

 

IDCOpy of Schedule may be found in the Appendix pages

140-144

7

The division and preparatory study of the city, the

typing and mimeographing of the questionnaires, selecting

and instructing the interviewers, coding and tabulating

the results, as well as doing the major number of inter-

views were the responsibilities of this writer.

The study for this project report involved the follow-

ing procedure:

1.

1]..

Examination of all available documents providing
material for the historical background and
deve10pment of the Family Service.

Interviews with Miss Margaret Bennett and Mrs.
Florence Field, two board members who were
instrumental in the starting of a Family Service.
Examination of all board and board committee
minutes from March 19hh through October of 1951.
Thoughtful examination of the constitution and
by—laws of the Joint Children's Board and Jackson
Branch of the Michigan Children's Aid Society

as well as the Constitution and by-laws of Family
Service.

Exploration of literature in the field of public
relation.

Examination of similar studies that have been

made in related fields.

7.
8.
9.

The preparation of the schedule.
Actual interviewing in the poll.
Presentation and evaluation of the results of the
poll to the public relations committee and to the

Board of Family Service.

Sources of Material

The chief sources of material for this report were as follows:

1.
2.
5.
4.
5.

Literature in the field of public relations.
Records of the Family Service Agency of Jackson.
Doing llO actual interviews of the poll.

Interviews with the other interviewers in the poll.
Discussion with the Public Relations Committee and

individual board members.

4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Because of the limited time and.the lack of available

interviewers, it was felt advisable to limit the study to

two hundred homes of the city and to one interview from each

family.

There are 2400 blocks in the residential area, so the

city was divided into eight parts, each part containing 400

residential'blocks. Ten blocks were chosen in each section,

and these blocks were carefully studied; (1) for location,

._I

as an attempt.was made to keep them forty blocks apart;

(2) for representation as to economical background, race,
and occupation for a given section of the city; (5) for
number of families living in the block.Through-out the study
the 1951 Jackson City Directory was used as well as personal
knowledge of the interviewers.

When the section block had been decided upon a unit line
of fifteen houses, or families, if apartment houses, was
marked out wad every third house or family was interviewed.
In order to save time, when no one was at home or when a
family could not take part in the interview, the next house

was counted, but the series of three was kept the same.
5. INTERVIEWERS AND EETHOD 0F PROCEDURE IN THE STUDY

The study was made by four interviewers; two social
workers from Family Service, Executive Secretary, Kr. John
Hanks, and caseworker, Mrs. Hyrtle Reul, a school teacher,
Mrs. Dorothy Scott, and Mr. Paul A. Reul, a salesman. All
four had had training and a great deal of experience in
interviewing and.had worked on polls before. Hrs. Scott
contacted twenty five families, Mr. Reul interviewed sixty,
and this writer visited one hundred and ten homes of the
city, and Mr. Hanks did five. All interviews were made

outside of office hours, either by taking time off from

. 10
work, or during the evenings or on Saturdays and Sundays.
The shortest interview reported was for six minutes, the
longest for forty-five. The average time was twenty two
minutes.

The people of Jackson seemed pleased to have the
opportunity of taking part in the survey, from which they
received a great deal of interpretation as to the functions
of the agencies in this community. Only five families of
the two hundred and five contacted felt they could not take
part in the survey: one was leaving immediately'for a trip;
one was canning, one was so new to the city she did not feel
she could take part; one had only recently buried her
husband and was too upset emotionally to answer the questions;
one was a German lady who spoke very little English and even
after it was explained in German felt she-was so busy in her
store she could not afford to take time.

6. INSTRUCTION OF THE INTERVIEWERS

The interviewers were the husband and a personal friend
of the writer. During the instruction period it was thorough-
ly impressed by this writer that (a) the purpose of the
investigation was to get people's honest opinion and to
determine their attitudes, laying not so much stress upon
what they knew as upon What they thought about social

11

workers and Family Service; (b) the schedule was studied
and discussed.and.the function of every Community Chest
agency was reviewed; (c) it was emphasized that all
statements, where possible, made by the interviewers be
quoted verbatim;1(d) also wherever possible, all questions
pertaining to the schedule and complete interpretation of
all agencies, but especially Family Service be given.

The general instructions given the interviewers

included the following:

1. Interviewers must fill in an answer to each
question, using the respondent's own words and
adding after the interview any additional
descriptive material which might seem to them
to be pertinent.

2. Interviewers:must not be persuaded to tell
connection with agency, or to answer any questions
relating to the agency until indicated on the
questionnaire or until completion of the schedule.

5. Interviewers must interview only adult residents
of the community--that is, not children, or
visitors in the household.

4. Interviewers should strive to schedule their

visits so as to interview approximately one third

 

1 Verbatim statements may be found in the Appendix
pages 144-152

12
men and two thirds women. The weighting for
women was because it was felt by the writer that
women would be more directly concerned with social

. work problems.

5. Interviewers should assure each reSpondent that
his identity is not wanted or will be in any way
revealed.

A deadline for completing the schedules was set
between August lst and October let so that the writer
would have time to compile the final material and write
her thesis. This gave a period of eight and one half
weeks for the survey with twenty-three and one half inter-
views being scheduled each week with a time allotment per
week of nine hours and fifty-five minutes.

The problem of how the interviewers were to intro-
duce themselves. to prospective respondents was complicated
by a number of factors. First, the poll could not be
identified with the Family Service Agency nor with any
other social agency, because of the possible effect of
such association upon answers. During the dry run, when
it was explained that the poll was being conducted under
the direction of. Michigan State College, it was felt that
the interviewee's reply to how many years of education he

had had was being an influence.

13

It was finally decided to keep the introduction as
simple as possible, saying merely that a public opinion
poll was being conducted in Jackson to determine how aware
the public was concerning sources of help.

It is interesting to note that of the 205 homes con-
tacted no one aSked Who was sponsoring the opinion poll.

Fbr recording and interpreting the results of the
interviews, the United States Census classification of
occupations used'by the President's Research Committee on
Social trends was used.1

No. 1. Agriculture and allied occupations

Farmers

Fishermen

lumbermen and Wood Choppers
Ho. 2. Manufacturing and.Mechanical Industries
No. 5 . Trade

Wholesale Dealers

Retail Dealers

Salespeople and Clerks in Stores

Commercial Travelers

Real Estate and Insurance Agents

 

’1 Recent Social Trends in the United States, Report of
the President's Research Committee on Social Trends, New
Yerk: McGraw - Hill Bock Company, 1935, p. 316.

 

l4

Bankers, Stock and Loan Brokers
(Gas Station Attendants because they are
retailers)
No. 4. Transportation
Road and Street Transportation
Steam Railroads
Street Railroads
‘Water Transportation
TBIephone and Telegraph Operators
No. 5. [Clerical Occupations
Clerk
Stenographers
Bookkeepers, Cashiers, and Accountants
Messengers, Office Boys and Girls
No. 6. Domestic and Personal Service
Servants, including Heusekeepers and Waiters
Laundry men
Boarding and Lodging Housekeepers
Hotel Keepers and Managers
Janitors and.Sextons
Elevator Tenders
Barbers and Manicurists

No. 7. Public Service not Elsewhere Classified

15

No. 8. Professional Service

Physicians, etc.

Dentists

Trained Nurses

Lawyers, Judges, Abstractors (notaries, etc.)

Clergymen, Religious and Welfare Workers

Teachers and Professors

Librarians and Assistants

Musicians and Teachers of Music

Actors

Artists and Teachers of Art

Authors

Editors and Reporters

Architects

Designers, Draftsmen and Electricians

Chemists and.Metallurgists

Photographers
No. 9. Non-Wage Earning Group

Housewives (Unpaid family workers)

Students

Unemployed (Where they have not Specified

their tasks or occupations)

16

Through this study of the people's attitude toward the
methods and procedure in our social agencies, it is hoped
that we, as social workers, will be able to plan a new and
better method for informing the public concerning our agency.
This need has been felt in Jackson for some years, but only
through an investigation of this type is it possible to find

upon what phases the public is not well informed.

CHAP'IER II
GENERAL COE‘JZCUNITY BACKGROUND

Jackson is a corporated city located in the heart of
southern Michigan's rich agricultural lands and is sur-
rounded by beautiful, rolling country that is famed as a
resort region with sixty-five spring-fed lakes located in
the county. Jackson covers an area of 10.25 square miles,
is 995 feet above sea level, and in 1951, had a population
of 51,595 of whom 90.1% were American.born, and the other

.935 were predominate 1y Polish, German, Canadian and English.
EARLYZHISTORY

One hundred twenty-three years ago Horace Blackman,
Captain Alex Laverty and an Indian guide, Pewy-tum, left
Ann Arbor, and after two days of travel through.woods and
marshes, arrived where several Indian trails crossed the
Washtenong Sepe (Grand River). There they camped for the
night of July 3, 1829, and at sunrise the following morning
fired salutes celebrating Independence Day and the founding
of the present city of Jackson.

Horace Blackman built the first log cabin, and that
fall returned to New'York for his family and a few friends.
On May 27, 1830 the people he had.organized.began to arrive,

18

and others came during the summer and ”reared" cabins and
shacks until a total of thirteen had been built at the end
of the first year of the settlement.

The village was named Jacksonburg, for President Jack-
son, on January 16, 1830 and changed to Jackson in 1837.
Incorporated February 14, 1854, Jackson has always been
the judicial seat of Jackson County.

The Republican Party was formed in 1854, “Under the
Oaks of Jackson," and a bronze tablet commemorating that
event has been sunk into the face of a granite boulder at
Second and Franklin Streets.

CITY GOVERNMENT

Jackson was one of the first cities in Ndchigan to
adopt the commission manager form of government and 1952 is
the thirty-ninth year under that type of administration.

A mayor and eight commissioners, through a city manag-
er, direct the city's affairs, aided‘by twelve department
heads and a large force of clerks and assistants.

THE AGENCIES .

The city is served by sixty-nine churches, repre-
senting twenty denominations, and the following social ser-
vice agencies both public and voluntary: ‘

Services to the Aged:

Friendly Home Lloyd George Home
Jackson County Bureau of Social Aid

19

American Federation Infantile Paralysis
Of the Physically Handicapped Foundation

Board of Eduation Vocational

Crippled Children's Society Rehabilitation

Club for the Blind
Goodwill Industries

Health.Service:

 

American Red Cross Infantile Paralysis
Board of Eduation Foundation

Cancer Society Health Department
Crippled Children's Society Nutrition Committee
County Nurse Out-Patient Clinic

Tuberculosis Association

Service Organizations:

 

Catholic Daughters of America

Exchange Club

Hi-Twe lve Club

Business and Professional Women's Club
Junior Dorcas Society

Junior Welfare League

Kiwanis Club

lions Club

theor Business and Professional Women's Club
Optimist Club

Rotary Club

Services of welfare:

 

Bureau of Social Aid

Catholic Daughters of America

Department of Social Welfare

Junior Dorcas Society

Junior Welfare League

Red Cross .

Salvation Army

Society of St. Vincent de Paul

Soldiers' and Sailors' Relief Commission
Veterans' Trust Fund

20

COX} .UI‘IICATIONS

Jackson is serviced by the New York Central and the .
Grand Trunk Western Railroads. Eighteen passenger trains,
and sixty-five freight trains operate daily over the main
track of the . New York Central. .

Two U.S. highways U.S. 12 and U.S. 127, and three
State highways Michigan 50, 60, and 106 bring thousands
of visitors into the city daily.

Jackson's municipal airport comprises 575 acres and
has 16 hangers. The black-tepped runways are outlined by
white lights and are illuminated for night flying.
Regular passenger, freight, and express service is
offered'by American Airline on the direct route between
New York, Detroit, and Chicago.

Jackson has seven principal hotels, six theatres,

five hospitals, and one daily and two weekly newspapers.

THE SCHOOLS

Jackson's educational needs are being met by the
Jackson Junior College, the Jackson Business University,
and the Adult Education Center as well as twenty public
schools, including one senior high school and two junior

high schools. The public schools have an enrollment of

21

9,155, and the six parochial.schools care for 2,552
pupils, making a total of 11,487 boys and girls in the
educational system of the city.

THE INDUSTRIES

There are 152 manufacturing establishments in
J ekson, employing 25,970 men and 12,060 women, and
~ging $100,000,000 in wages annually. The products
manufactured in Jackson range from airplane and
automotive parts, to vacuum cleaners and vending
machines, and includes such items as corsets, cnadies,

radios and television sets.

1)

CHAPTER III

' HISTORY OF THE JACKSON FAMILY SERVICE
AGENCY

During the early years of'World‘War II the Michigan
Childrens' Aid Society under the Jaint Childrens' Board
employed a caseworker in the Jackson Day Nursery to do
casework with the families of the children placed in the
nursery. The Detroit branch of the Michigan Childrens'
Aid paid a half of the salary of this person and super-
vised the project, the rest of the expense was borne by
‘the local day nursery. This caseworker came one day a
week to the agency until it became apparent that she was
getting more cases than she could handle, and that many
of the problems referred to her were not closely related
to the Day Nursery.

Also about this time Dr. Frank Van Schoick, a Jack-
son pediatrician, became much.concerned about the heme
conditions of working mothers in the city and suggested
a boarding heme program to the Emergency Child Day Care
committee ef’the Jackson Joint Childrens' Board.

The caseworker who had been connected with the Day
nursery was set up in a separate office under the Joint

Childrens' Board to work with families of children and to

25
assist in the co-ordination of the child care agencies

operating in Jackson County. It was not long before this
arrangement could now longer meet the community needs.

Early in January of 1944 the need for a Family
Service Agency in Jackson became apparent. A committee
of the Council of Social Agencies, composed of Miss
margaret Bennett, Hrs. E. M; Gage, hrs. Colon Stuart, Mr.
Wks. Butterfield, and mr. Roger Richards, executive secre-
tart of the Community Chest, was appointed to study the
possibilities of establishing a Family Service Agency in
Jackson. The Council of Social Agencies approved the
establishment of such an agency in February 1944 and
recommended that this new agency be set up as a committee
of the Joint Childrens' Board. The recommendations as
made by the Council of Social Agencies was adopted by the
Joint Childrens' Board and so the Jackson Family Service
Agency came into being.

The new agency shared offices on the fourth floor of
the Carter Building with the Michigan Childrens' Aid. Fbr
the first year'the_Family Service Agency was not eligible
for Community Chest funds so it was financed through
private gifts and a fund of five thousand dollars which
was guaranteed, as an experiment, by the United War Chest
of Jackson for the period of one year.

A committee of Governors for the new agency were

24
elected, its members were: Mrs. van Field, Mrs. Harold

Keehn, Sister Mhry Imelda, Mr. Archie J. Mhyotte, Hrs. A.
P. Cook, Miss Mhrgaret Bennett, and mr. Royal Dressel.
The first work of this committee was to present to the
Jaint Childrens' Board its selection of an executive
secretary.

To insure a high standard of service, the committee
required a professionally trained and experienced social
‘Iorker as the executive secretary of the agency. They
secured the services of Miss Clare Golden of Jackson, a
graduate of Western Reserve‘University,Who prior to going
to Cleveland was employed by the Jackson Bureau of Social
Aid, and for a time had been the Jackson County‘Welfare
Agent.

As there was to be only one worker in the agency
office it was decided by the executive committee, ”that
cases to receive immediate attention were those whose
newness offered the possibility of rapid solution as a
result of concentrated and quick work in the case, while
cases of a more or less chronic nature which.necessitated
slower work were to be treated as of secondary importance
until such a time as the agency could expand." ; It was
also decided that Miss Golden would work in cooperation

with the St. Joseph's Home for Boys in studying intake

 

T. 1?
Personal interview with Board Member’Mrs. Florence
Field.

25

cases. In addition she was to assist the Home in ad-
justing problems which arose with'boys already there.1

The Jackson Family Service Bureau opened March 15,
1944. During the first ten months of the agency twp
hundred and fifteen families, consisting of eight hundred
and ninty-eight persons were served by the executive
secretary. Besides this Miss Golden carried on an ex-
tensive program of public relations.

Early in February 1945 Mrs. 01a Stuart resigned as
Supervisor of the Jackson Bureau of Social Aid and was
employed three days a week by Family Service. a

The agency was accepted by the Community Chest. Mb
15, 1945 and another part time caseworker was employed in
April. The new worker, Mrs. Ruth.Drake, had an educational
background of two years at the University of Michigan in
nursing, beyond her A.B. degree.

After the agency had been accepted by the COmmunity
Chest it requested to be severed from the Joint Children's
Board and to become an independent agency with its own

board. This was accomplished on November lst of 1945.

 

1. Personal interview with Board Member Miss Margarett

Bennett.

26

The Constitution, By-Laws, and Personnel Practicesl were

revised to delete references to the Joint Childrens' Board.

Each member of the Board of Directors was to serve
for a term of three years, however the members of the first
Board were for one year, two years, and three years as
follows: for a one year term, November 1945 to November
1946, Miss Margaret Bennett, Mrs. E. M. Gage, Sister M. _
‘Dulcissima,Mrs. Ruth Parshall, Mr.ngoyd'Wolfe, Mr. D.N.
Kendall, mr. Joseph Navarre; for a two year term, Nbvember
1945 to November 1947, Mrs. Addison P.Cook, Mr. W. 8. But-
terfield, Mr. Archie Mayotte, Mrs. Gilbert Kniblow, Mr.
Harold Leslie, fir. John Bannasch, mr. Royal Dressel; for a
three year term of office November 1945 to November 1948, ’
Mrs. Harold Keehn, Mr. Harry Ziegler, Mrs. Van Duzee Field,
Mrs. Beecher Cary,_Mr. George Clark, The Rev. 6% Walter
Wagner, and the Rev. Hubert N. Dukes. Mr. Roger Richard,
executive secretary of the Community Chest, was elected as
an ex-officio office member.

As soon as Family Service had become an independent
agency Miss Mary Palevsky of the Family welfare Association
of America spent two days in Jackson with the Board of

 

1. Copies of the Constitution, BybLaws, and Personnel
Practices of 1945 may be found in the Appendix, pages
'159-175 ‘

27

Directors evaluating the program and services given since
Mhrdh 15, 1944.

At the first annual meeting in Nevember of 1945 Miss
Golden stated that five hundred and sixty-one families
and twenty-five hundred individuals had.used the services
cf the agency during the year.

The following month Miss Golden resigned as did the
two part tine workers. Mrs. Stuart_was asked'by the Board
to stay until the first of February.

In Jammary Mr. Richards, Community Chest executive
secretary, resigned as a Board member.

After Miss Golden's resignation the agency was kept
Open by three board members who volunteered to work in the
office and.hy Miss Kathryn Adams, executive of the Family
Service of Graid Rapids, who came in one day a week until
the last of March 1946.

InMarch Mr. Allen Cowett of New York City was em-
ployed as executive. Mr. Cowett had.had six years ex-
perience in the Department of Welfare, and two years ex-
pierence in the Community Service Society‘both of New Ybrk
City before going into the army.

In June of 1946 Mr. Clark Corliss, Field Representa-
tive of Family Welfare Association of America visited the
agency board and explained that membership in the National

28

Association was restricted to certain areas of the

country to enable the limited staff of field representa-
tives to concentrate on those districts most in need of
their help. He assured the board.that as much direction
and field service, as would be possible, would be given to
the agency'by the Association until the application could
be accepted.

Mr. Cowett resigned in August 1946 giving lack of
housing as the reason.

After the resignation of the executive secretary the
office secretary kept the office Open temporarily and the
Board again contacted Miss Adams in Grand Rapids and asked
her to serve one day a week. Miss Adams declined.

Mrs. Harold Keehn Board President worked part time in
the office and did one hundred and eighty interviews on
housing a month.

It was moved that the agency be closed January 1, 1947
until an executive could be hired. The office equipment
was stored and the budget committee requested that the
Community Chest earmark some funds for Fanily Service until
the time when plans for an active program could be pre-
sented. ’

Mr. Edgar Perretz was employed in June of 1947. He
came to Jackson from Miami, Florida where he had served as

‘assistant director of the Council of Social Agencies for '

29

one year and had been instrumental in setting up the South-
east Florida Society for Mental Health.

Mr. Perretz set up temporary offices in the Adult Ed-
ucation Center and began a program of interpretation of
Family Service to the Community that proved to be the very
essence of the agency's new fight for existence. Faced by
the two previous failures of the agency Mr. Perretz plan-
ned.his campaign around vigorous publicity in such a way
that it pushed the agency into fast growth and community
acceptance.

A month after Mr. Perretz came to Jackson he moved
the agency into offices in the Rogers Building. In Novem-
ber of that year he added a caseworker, Miss Rosalind ASh-
by of Man cheater, England, to his staff. Miss Ashby took
her medical social work training in the London hospitals
during the early years of the war and Mr. Perretz quick
to recognize the potential ability of his fellow worker
encouraged her to take an active part in community public
relations and.a11 other agency affairs. As a result of
ur. Perretz's attitude ”there was an excellent working re-
(lationship'within the organization because of a high de-

gree of informality and a sense of agency loyalty.“ 1

.__‘_~

1. Baker, Hubert, Administrative Case#§tudy of 222:

Family Service of Jackson page 8. Unpublished term paper

30

of a student worker in the agency 1948-49 Michigan State

College.

 

A Statement of Intake Practices which clarified the
functions of the agency was prepared by Hr. Ferretz and
the Board in 1947.1

Family Service was eligible June 10, 1948 to join the
Family Service Association of America on a probationary
premembership basis.

A program of student training with Michigan State
College was begun just before Mr. Perretz resigned January
lst, 1949 to accept a position on the faculty of Michigan
State College.

Hr. Perretz was replaced as executive secretary by
Mr. John Hanks a graduate of the University of Chicago,
Sdhool of Social Service Administration, who had.worked.,
for two years as a senior caseworker in the United Chari-
ties Family Service of Chicago before coming to Jackson.

With the introduction of Mr. Hanks to the local
agency there was a shift in the agency's administrative
technizues. There was a swing toward organization, per-
sonnel policy, staff responsibility, and inter-agenoy com-
munication. Stress was placed on legal incorporation

_—__

1. Copy of Intake Practices in Appendix, pages 155-
158

31

workmens compensation, bonding of employees, more adequate
personnel practices,1 description of duties, clarification
of communications, revision of statistical reports and the
gathering of data to prove need of more casework help,
clerical.help, and larger office space.2 Mr. Hanks also
was aware of the need for better public relations and in-
terpretation, this he did directly through publicity in
the form of newspaper articles, radio programs, and public
appearances. _ ,

On January 10, 1950 the agency moved into offices in
the Michigan Theatre Building.

Inclusion of psychiatric consultation in the program
was announced in February'1951, the consultant being Dr.
Valeria Juroscek, senior psychiatric instructor in the
University of Michigan medica1.school. Consultation was
to be on a monthly basis with the staff traveling to Ann
Arhnr to discuss case material. No clients were to be
taken to these_consultations but referrals could be made

directly to Dr. Juroscek for treatment.

 

_._v— v

1. Copy of recent Personnel Practices may be found on
pages 157-175 of the Appendix.

2. Baker, Hubert, Administrative Case Study of the
Family Service of Jackson, page 8. Unpublished term paper
'of a student worker in the agency 1948-49, Michigan State.
College.

32

Family Service continued to be a field work placement
for Michigan State College until the summer of 1951 when
this arrangement was discontinued by mutual agreement be-’
tween the college, the executive secretary, and the board,
Arrangements were made with the University of Michigan to
do a student placement beginning in September of 1951.

The last of June 1951 mm. James Pantalos of Albany,
New York, a graduate of Carnegie Institute of Technology
joined the staff as caseworker.

Mrs. Rosalind Ashby-Wood resigned from the agency
effective July 15, 1951 having been a caseworker at Family
Service for four years.

Ems. Wood was replaced.by Mrs. Myrtle Reul, of Parma,
a former school teacher, who was finishing a field work
placement in the agency through Michigan State College.

CHAPTER IV

OBJECTIVES AND ORGANIZATION
OF THE
AGENCY

Taken from the Constitution of the Family Service of

Jackson,

Article II: Purpose, the following is extracted:

uThe purpose of Family Service of Jackson shall be to foster

the development of wholesome family life in the City and

County of Jackson.

(1)

(2)

(5)

(4)

(5)

‘by providing skilled case work service to individuals
and families in the solution of their problems.

by skilled Observation and study of the causes of
individual and family breakdown in the community and
byco-operation with other private and public social_
agencies toward the improvement of social conditions.
by interpreting to the Community a better understanding
of the underlying causes and effects as well as the
purposeful remedies for social maladjustment.

by supporting efforts of social planning and research
which tend to improve conditions under which people
live.

by encouraging and promoting education and training
for social work in the community, and fostering staff

participation in professional development.

54
(6) the service of Family Service of Jackson shall be

available to all citizens of the City and County
of Jackson regardless of race, color, or creed.

The program of the agency consists of services to the
citizens of Jackson County that fall within the limits of a
Family Service agency, and in research and education, in
cooperation with other community resources to meet this end.

Due to the demands upon the agency and the staff, flexi-
bility has been a necessity to meet the needs of the community.

The organization of the agency is as follows: there are
twenty-one members of the Board of Directors which has five
committees: (1) Executive Committee, (2) Personnel Committee,
(5) Finance Committee, (4) Public Relations Committee, and
(5) Social Work Committee. The Board membership has a
fair cross-section of Jackson but may possibly be weighted
toward the side of professional people.

. . OCCUPATIONS OF BOARD MEMBERS
Mr. Lloyd'Wolfe, President---Adu1t Education
Mrs. Charles Lenz, Vice~President---Housewife( Husband Doctor)
Mrs. Grant Otis, Secretary-Treasure-—Housewife( Husband Doctor)
Mr. John Riley---Friend of the Court
Mr. Donald Dutcher---Visiting Teacher, High School
Miss Margaret Bennett---Community Worker
Mr. Sam Goldfarb-;-Insurance

Mr. George Campbell---Prosecuting Attorney

55

Mr. John Kellogg---Kellogg Corset Company
Mrs. William‘Wetzel---Housewife ( Husband Service Engineer)
Mrs. Gilbert Knibloe---Housewife (Husband Hardware)
Mr. Russell Pah1---C.I.0.
Mr. Justin Whiting III---Buyer Jacobsons Store
Dr. Bernard Murphy---Physician
Mrs. Howard Clark---Housewife
Mrs. Denzil'Rilliams---Secretary for School
Dr. Frank Rosenthal---Rabbi
Mr. Guy Christian-e-Attorney
Rev. James Meads-e-Minister
Mr. John Bannasqh---Attorney
Mrs. A.P. Cook---Hbusewife
ORGANIZATION CHART

COMMUNITY CREST

 

 

.v—w—ao -

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ‘ ,, PERSOI‘RI- EL com iITTEE
pi BoARD OF DIRECTORS," ...____- _ I
LFINANCE COMMITTEE)" (21 Members) (i SOCIAL toms
* , “"‘"'"“"‘—"| COVZHTTFF
l PUBLIC ' RELA' 'T'IONS comle any '
f _ stECUTIVE SECRETARY .____._._ __ h-
r” -~ ~ ”- - . ,- \ --—-—- a, -
OFFICE SEmTARYl / , \ iCASE‘s-IOMRS)

 

I / I
l ' X
i ‘r

 

 

PART-TIME TYPIST ’ ] STUDENT CASLNORRER ?

--r—-‘—'- —, __. ._.. -H.

 

 

CHAPTER V
INTERPRETATION OF FAMILY SERVICE

The interpretative work of the agency may be divid-
ed into three main categories, namely, (1) that which is
directed to the board of the agency, (2) to other
agencies, (5) and to the community in general.

1. BOARD MEETINGS-~Held monthly on the second
Tuesday at noon or during the later afternoon. A typed
copy of the agenda prepared by the agency executive is
given to each member at the beginning of the meeting and
details of business are kept at a medium. Business
details are worked out by committees before presentation
to the general board. ‘

Board meetings are attended usually by the full
staff but always by the executive secretary, who
presents cases and special projects.

A typed report of the board minutes, prepared by
the agency executive, is mailed to every board member
together with statistical reports which include an
interpretation of the agency case load.

2. INDOCTRINATION OF NEW BOARD MEMBERS-~Prior to
1951 it was the policy of the agency executive to

arrange an individual conference with each new person

37

appointed to the board immediately following the appoint-
ment. At these conferences the executive gave the new
board member a thorough-going introduction to the agency.
This was done by describing the purpose and function of
Family Service as well as the role of the board member in
relation to the agency. It was a beginning step toward
ironing out any confusion existing in the mind of the new
board member, and, at the same time, it gave him some
feeling of the agency and elicited.his interest and
support.

On November 5, 1951, after four new board members
had been elected, Executive Secretary Mr. John Hanks,
together with the Agency Board Presicent Mr. Lloyd Wolfe,
invited.these new members to a planned visit of Family
Service. At the agency they were introduced to each
other and.the various staff members. They visited the
conference rooms, talked with mrs. Elixabeth Alsup, office
secretary, concerning her duties, and.heard a brief
history of the agency from the executive. Later in the
conference room they read a specially prepared case
history and discussed with caseworkers Mr. James Pantalos
and Mrs. Myrtle Reul various phases of their work.

5. CONFERENCES WITH KEY BOARD I»EM£BERS--me

executive of the agency also maintains a close contact

with the president of the board and.with.key board
members. Mr. Hanks frequently arranging individual
conferences, both.persona1 and by telephone, to consider
specific questions, tentative plans, or problems prior
to full board discussion; these conferences may be
individual or in any of the five committees--Executive,
Personnel, Social Work, Finance, and Public Relations.
The most consistent of these contacts are with the
president of the board.

4. INTERPRETATION TO OTHER AGENCIES--The inter-
pretation to other agencies and institutions in the
community is not undertaken in any formalized fashion
and in most instances is incidental.to discussion on
casework situations. Some joint staff'neetings have
been held where a number of the agencies are working
with one family and at these times the executive has
interpreted the function offlthe agency. These contacts
have been made use of in two ways, (1) to give the other
agencies a general picture of the case work treatment
done in a certain case and (2) to clarify the policy.
involved.

All new staff members and student workers make
visitations to various other agencies and at that time
.give additional interpretation of Family Service.

59

5. COMMUNITY IN GENERAL-~Interpretation of the
agency services to the community has been the backbone
of this agency's fight for existence and must be
carried on continuously by all members of the staff and
of the board. Publicity is accomplished in several
ways -- interpretation in face to face contacts, talks
and Speeches that the staff members are called upon to
give, radio programs, newspaper features and an
important avenue that is often overlooked -- the client
himself and his feelings toward the agency and toward

his worker.

CHAPTER VI
ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONS

An analysis of the schedule reveals certain specific
and general reasons for the inclusion of each question.
‘me first test forincluding a question was whether or not
the answers to the question would provide the information
it was essential to have for determining the attitudes of
the community toward social work, social agencies, and the
specific concerns of the Family Service Agency. The aim
in wording was to obtain as short, simply stated, and

meaningful a question as possible.

QUESTION 1, "What kinds of personal problems do you
believe are the most troublesome to Jackson families at this
time?", was the so-called "door-opener". It was a general
question, aimed at revealing those problems paramount in
peoples' minds, or peculiarly significant to the particular
individual, and at the same time immediately setting the
focus of the survey upon families and the concerns that

families might have.

QUESTION 2, ”Suppose you knew some one who had a
personal or family problem, what outside person would you

recommend to help him?"; QUESTION 5, "Suppose you knew a

, 41
couple whose quarreling was harming their children, where

would you advise them to go for help?"; QflESTION’4 "Suppose
you knew a family'Where the father was dead and the mother
was unable to work, where would you advise this mother to
get help?"; and QUESTION 5, "Suppose you knew the parents
of a school age child who is having troUble in school and
getting out of control at home where would you advise them
to go?" were all aimed at analyzing the way in Which.the
respondent would use community resources, as well as his
sensitivity to peoples' need for help. The four problems
presented fall within the service area of the Jackson
Family Service. The problems were worded so as to be within

the experience of the average respondent.

QUESTION 6, "Does Jackson have any of the following:
Children's Guidance Center, Council of Social Agencies,
State Hospital, Michigan Children's Aid, Family Service,
Goodwill Industries, Bureau of Social Aid, or a County
Health Department?" leads more closely up to the focus of

the survey upon community resources for.help.

QUESTIONS 7 and 8,"If a friend asked you to tell what
a social caseworker does, what would you say?" and "What
education do you think a social caseworker should have?"

are aimed more directly at revealing the respondent's

42
acquaintance with.social work and.his understanding of a

social worker's background and function.

QUESTION 9, "If you had a hundred dollars ($100) you
were giving to three of Jackson's social agencies to which
ones would.you give? HOW much to each one?" and QUESTION
10, "If you were giving one hundred ($100) to three Com-
munity Chest Agencies you think are the most helpful in
Jackson to which.of the following*would you give?", are
directed toward determining the individual's concept of
the importance of various agencies. It was felt that a
more accurate measure of the interviewee's feelings would

be evident if a.monetary value was included in his answer.

QUESTION 11, "What services do you think are given by
a Femily'Service Agency?", is aimed.directly at determining
the respondent's knowledge of the agency as well as his
approval or disapproval of'the agency's services. The
schedule is seventy-seven percent completed when the name
Familnyervice is here used for the first time in a direct

question that concerns only the agency.

QUESTION 12, "Below is a list of people who are often
called upon to listen to the troubles of others. If you
had a family prdblem to which of the following would you
take it?", is aimed at determining the relationship of

45
of social workers to other professional and untrained

individuals in the thinking of lay people. This question
also shows how the interviewee was inclined to indicate
his selection of the more socially acceptable consultant
such as minister rather than the bartender or beauty
operator who he may actually use.

Prior to the thirteenth question the interviewer gave
the respondent a brief interpretation of Family Service.
This is the first time the respondent has been given any
information about the function of the agency.

Having completed the interpretation the interviewer
asks QUESTION 15, "Suppose a person who was able to pay
went to the Family Service Agency for personal counseling,
do you feel that he would be more comfortable in applying
if: (1) He paid a flat fee (2) He paid a fee set by a
sliding scale according to his income and ability (5) He
had free services?" This question is included specifically
because the agency executive had been studying fee systems
in other communities and wanted to know how much effect
providing a fee service would have upon individuals'
acceptance of the agency's service in Jackson. In
addition,to testing the community's reaction to a fee ser-
vice, the question is also a test of the respondent's atti-
tude toward Family Service to see if he attaches a stigma

of charity to the agency.

CHAPTER VII
RESULTS OF THE POLL

The identifying information requested at the end of
each schedule provided the basis for analyzing the
sample to see if it were valid of the city as a Whole.

The chief comparison possible was with the 1950 census
figures. This comparison, on sex, age, and occupation
plus the internal consistency of the poll results, allows
for the conclusion that the sample of 200 schedules was a
fairly valid one.

The determined effort to reach one-third males and
two-thirds females resulted in 34% or 68 of the schedules
being filled out for men and 66% or 152 for women.

. Classification of interviewees by races showed that
87.5% or 175 schedules were filled out for people of the
Caucasian Race while 12% or 24 were for people of the
Negroid Race and .5% or 1 schedule was for a member of the
Mongolian Race. There is no record in Jackson at this
time which gives the population trend according to races,
so it can only be estimated that this survey would be high
for the Negroid and Mbngolian Races.

Classification of Interviewees by religious affilia-

45

tion revealed the sample to be predominantly Protestant
78% or 156 of the two hundred, with 19% or 38 Catholic,
and 3% or 6 reported Jewish.

Classification of interviewees by age groups revealed
a slight preponderance in the 35-?9 year-old category with
36.5%'or 77 falling there, and 29.5% or 59 in the 21-;54
group, and 32% or 64 falling in the 50 and over group.
This weighting is consistent with.the fact that inter-
viewees were chiefly housewives.

Classification according to martial status also bore
out this fact when it was shown that 54% or 108 of the
interviewees were married, 10.5% or 21 were divorced,

16% or 33 were widowed, 11% or 22 were separated from
their mates and 8% or 16 were single.

Classification of income of family unit showed 8%
or 16'were living on direct relief, old age assistance or
other incomes of less that $1000 a year; 41.5% or 83 had
incomes between SlOOO-S3000 a year, 84% of these had
incomes between $2500 and $5000; 59.5% or '79 had incomes
between $3000 and $5000, of these 72% were between $3000
and $4200; 11% or 22 had incomes of $7000 or over and
ranged as high as $51,000.

Classification according to the number of school

.years completed by the interviewees showed that the

46

largest number of 27% or 54 had finished high school and
the next highest group 14% or 28 had completed.the
eighth grade.- According to years of education the
classification is as follows.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE I
Years of Education Completed Percentages Number

20‘ 0.5 _u l

19 ‘ 0.5;“. l

18 0:5,” 1

17 035}..- 1

16 5.0 ‘_ 10

15 3:0,‘__ 6

14 6.0;, 12

13 1.0. 2

_L 12 27.0fi 54
11 A 9.5% 19

10 13.0; 26

9 7.0' 14

8 __ l4.Qj 28

7 *4:5; 9

6 5.5, 11

5 0.5” l

4 1,5'_, 3

O 0.5 l

 

47

TWenty-six and five-tenths par cent or 53 of all the
people interviewed had an.eighth grade education or less;‘
29.5% or 59 had from one toéthree years of high school.
This means that 83% or 166 of all the interviewees had a
high school education or less; 10% or 20 people had from
one to three years of college filile 5% or 10 had obtained
either an.AB or BS degree and 2% or 4 individuals had
gone beyond the first degree.

Classification according to birthplace revealed that
36% or 72 were born in the city of Jackson, 17% or 34 were
born in.Jackson County, 20.5% or 41 were born in other
areas of Michigan making a total of 73.5% or 147 native
to the state of Michigan, 20.5% or 41 were born in other
states according to the following table and 6% or 12 were
born in foreign countries also shown in the following

table:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE II
PLACE OF BIRTH PERCENTAGES NUMBER
STATE .
Alabama 4 . ---- . 1.0 2 -
California 0.5 1 ‘2:
Florida 0.5 1
Georgia ' 0.5 1 _A
Illinois 0.5 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Indiana 1.0 2
'Kansas 0.5 1
Kentucky’ 2.0 4
Minnesota 2.0 4
Mississippi 1.9 2
Missouri 0.5 1
New Jersey 0:5 1
New York 2.0 4
Ohio 2.0 ‘4
Pennsylvania 1.0 2
Tennessee 0:5 1
Texas 2:0 4
Virginia 0.5 1
West Virginia 1.5 3
Wisconsin 0.5 l
‘ Fomqwfipommsv .
Canada 2.0 4
China 0.5 1
England 135 3
_g“ Germagy;_ 1.0 2
Italy 0.5. 1
Poland 0.5 l

 

Classification according to size of households

. showed that the households represented were of varying

49

size from 1 to 10. The report showed that 14% or 28 had
households of l; the largest number was for 2, this
covered 21.5% or 45 of the interviewees; 15% or 55 had 5
members; 18% or 36 had 4 members; 14% or 28 had 5 members;
4% or 8 had 6; 4% or 8 had '7; 1.5% or 5 had 8 members; 5%
or 6 had 9; and 2% or 4 had 10 members. The median house-
hold size for the survey was 3-.

Classification according to the occupation of the
head of the family indicated the folloWing results, based
on the classification used by the President's Research
Committee on Social Trends, 2% or 4 gave agriculture and
allied occupations, 26% or 52 gave manufacturing and
mechanical industries including factory workers, 24% or
48 gave trade as their occupation, 8.5% or 19 were in
some form of transportation, 2% or 4 were clerical
workers, 12% or 24 were in domestic and personal service,
3% or 6 were in public service, 10% or 20 were
professional workers, and 11.5% or 23 were in the non-
wage earning group.

Classification according to the occupation of the
interviewee showed that 1% or 2 were in agriculture, 14%
or 28 were in manufacturing, 9.5% or 19 were in trade,
and 3.5% or 7 were in transportation, 6.5% or 13 were in
clerical occupation, 10.5% or 21 did domestic service,

1% or 2 were in public service, 9% or 18 were profBSSIOnal

50

people, and 45% or 90'were_nonawage earners, 97% of this
last group were housewives.

In summary a number of points can be made about this
survey. Acknowledgedly, the relatively small size of the
sample make it axiomatic that the conclusions drawn from
the poll must have certain limitations. This is especial-
1y true when the numbers are broken down into such small
strata and percentages, as occurs on the results of many of
the questions and in the tables. Nevertheless, the general
parallel between the survey results and the known facts
about the community suggests that the infereness drawn can
be applied with a reasonable measure of assurance to the

universe from which.the sample was taken.

CHAPTER VIII
TABULATED RESULTS OF THE QUESTIONS
QUESTION ONE

"What kinds of personal problems do you believe are
the most troublesome to Jackson families at this time?"

Recognition of problems-~In response to question one,
the highest percentage of the total group, 32.5% or 65,
named the high cost of living as a paramount problem; the
second highest percentage, 16.5% or 33, named marriage
problems; the third highest percentage, 9% or 18, named
problems with children not of a delinquent nature; 8.5%
or 17 named juvenile delinquency; 7% or 14 named financial
troubles; 4.5% or 9, named the war situation; 3.5% or 7
named high taxes; 2.5% or 5 named problems concerning
health; 1.5% or 3 named concern over government spending,
lack of emotional control, fear of the future, and working
mothers; 1% or 2 named adult delinquency, beer gardens,
crowded schools, inability to relax and enjoy life, in-
security in employment, lack of concern for fellow human
beings or God, lack of faith in church, and too much money;
.5% or 1 named.rent control, and rotten politicians. These

are illustrated in Table 3.

52

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 3

—FPROBLEM LISTED PERCENTAGE NUMBER
Adult Delinquency 1.0 2
Beer Gardens 1.0 2
Children (Not Delinquent) 9.0 18
ancern over Government Spending, 1.5 3
Cost of Living 32.5 65
Crowded Schools 1,0 2
Financial Troubles 7:0 14
Fear of the Future 1.5 :5
Health 2.5 5
High Taxes 3.5 7
_Inability to Relax and Enjoy Life 1.0 2
Infibility to Cope With

Dailprrgblems 1.0 2
Insecurity in Employment '1.0 2
Juvenile Delinquency 8.5 17
'LEEE"ET_53ncern for Fellow Human ' I
Beings or for God 1.0 2
Lack of Faith in the Church 1.0 2
_Lgck of Emotional Control 1.5 3 A
_Ehrriagg 15.5 33
Rent Control 0.5 l
_§gtten Politicians 0.5 1
Too Much Money 1.0 2

 

53
TABLE 3(CONT'D)

 

 

 

 

PROBLEM LISTED PERCENTAGE NUhBER
War Situation fl4,5 ;_E 9
Working Mothers 1.5_ 3

 

 

Table 4 shows how the recognition of problems was
divided among the interviewees according to age, Table 5
according to income, Table 6 according to race, Table 7
according to sex, Table 8 according to birthplace, Table 9
according to marital status, Table 10 according to number
in household, Table 11 according to religion, Table 12
according to education, and Table 13 according to occupa-
tion.

The problems listed have been condensed under the

following: Delinquengy which includes adult delinquency

 

and juvenile delinquency; Problems Concerning Adults which

 

includes beer gardens, concern over Government spending,
fear of the future, health, inability to relax and enjoy
life, inability to cope with daily problems, lack of
concern for fellow human beings or for God, lack of faith
in the Church, lack of emotional control, rotten politi-

cians, and the war situation; Problems Concerning Children

 

which includes crowded schools, and working mothers;

Problems Involving honey which includes cost of living,

 

54

financial troubles, high taxes, insecurity in employment,

rent Control, and too much money.

55

TABLE u
DIVISION OF OPIIION CONCERNING THE KIND OF PERSONAL PROBLEM BE~
LIEVED TO BE THE MOST TROUBLESOME T0 JACKSON FAMILIES AT
THIS TIME;BASED UPON AGE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

. ”m—-_—o—..—.-———. - “w—"— ‘1 ID...“

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

" “’ 21:31.7 ‘‘‘‘ 351;?“M‘50m35 "”““"‘
PROBLEM Ne, Percent No,,Pergegt_;Ngy Percent Noerercent
TOTsL 200 lgq.o _§9 lQQLO 72 100.0 65 100.0
Delinquency
Adult and Children 19 9.5 4‘5 8.5 2 _9.1 7 10.94
MEEEEEE? 33 16,5 10 ' 16.9, lb 18,2 9 14.6
Problems
Concerning Adults _g3h 17.0 9 15.2 16 gg,7_ 9 1h.6
Problems
Concerning Children 23 112:; 7 11.9 97 17.0 21h 1019
Problems
Involving_Money 91 B5.5 28 b7.5 431 #0.}, 32 _50.0
TABLE 5

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF PERSONAL PROBLEM BE—
LIEVED TO BE THE MOST TROUBLESOME To JACKSON FAMILIES AT
THIS TIME; BASED UPON INCONE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PFPCENTAGES)

I—‘
%

 

 

ssoeésem‘fimmmp “

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBLEM No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent
TOTAL__ 200 100.0 99__‘lC0.0 101 lQQLO

Delinquency
Adult and Children 19 9,5 9 g9Ll 10 p_9.9
Marriage 33 16.5 9 9L1 2H 23.8
Problems
Concerning Adults __35 17.0 17 12.2 12, 16.8
Problems
Concerning Children 23 11.5 11 11.1 12 11.21
Problems _1_

Involving Money 91 45.5 53 3.5, _38 A37.6

56

TABLE 6
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF PERSONAL PROBLEM BE-
LIEVED To BE THE MOST TROUBLESOME To JACKSON FAMILIES AT
THIS TIME; BASED UPON RACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

—- Caucasian - Nofiucadan
MEN No. Percent No. Perogrtl No. Percent

TOTégg 200‘ 100.0 115 100.0 25, 109.0
Delinquency

1 .9.5 1] 9.7 2 6.0
gaggiggg 55 16.5 29 16.6 h 16.0
Problems '
Concerning Adults 54 17.0 ‘ 27 15.5 7 28.0
Problems
.Concsrning Children 25 11.5 21 12.0 2 8.0
Problems
Evolving Money 91 45.5 81 46.5 10 40.0
TABLE 7

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF PERSONAL PROBLEM BE-
LIEVED T0 BS THE MOST TROUBLESOMS To JACKSON FAMILIES AT
THIS TIME; BASED UPON sex
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PBRCENTAGES)

. A

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nels Female

.__£BQBLEM_ ago, Percent ‘No. Percent No. ngcqnt
...—1M 9 200 190.0 68 100.0 152 100.0
Delinquency ‘ .
Wren 19 9.5 4 5.9 15 11.4
Hhialfilg. 55 16;: 351_ lh.7 25 17.h
Problems

Concernm Adults 34 $0 4 15 19.1 21 15.9
Problems

Concernig; Children 25 11,5 11 16.2 12 9.1
Problem!

 

 

v v Mo av .21? h5.5 50 44.1 61 46.2

57

TABLE 8
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND 0E PERSONAL PROBLEM EE~
LIEVED TO BE TEE MOST TROUBLESOME TO JACKSON EARIIIES AT
TRIS TIRE; BASED UPON BIRTRPLACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBEPS AND PERCENTACES)

 

 

Jackson COunty Michigan”0uf§TdE”chfi. *

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PFCBLEM No. Pergent N0L_fercent NOL Percent N L Percent
CTAL 700 100.0 106 100.0 b1 1Q9.C 53 100.0

Delinquency
Adult and Children 19 9.5 11 10.h b 9.8 h 7.5
Marriage 33 16.5 16 15.1 7 12.1 10 18.9
Problems
goggerning Adults 3U 17.0 20 18.9 6 1h.6 8 15.1
Problems
Concerning Children 23 11.59 11 10.b <5 12.2 2 13.2
Problems
Involvinngoney 91 U5.5 b8 L5.2 19 b6.3 eh b5.3

 

* Includes people born in other states and foreign countries.

TABLE 9
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF PERSONAL PROBLEM RE—
LIEVED TO BE THE EOST TROUBLESOME To JACKSON FAMILIES AT
THIS TIME ; BASED UPON MARITAL STATUS
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERSPETACPS)

“—9

 

m—u-o- — ....

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Harrled separated Single
PROBLEM N0. Percent DivorceC~WiCowed
NC, Percent NO. Percent NC. Percent

___ TOTAL 200 103.0 108 100.0 76 100.0 16 100.0
Delinquency

Adult and Chilggen 19 9:5 9 8.3 8 10.5 2 12.5
Marriage 4337 16.5 23 21.3 8 10.5 _ _3«’ 12.‘
Problems

Concerning Afiults 3b- 17J0 11 10.2 18 23.7 5 31.2
Problems

Concerning Children 23 11.5_* 9 8.3 12 15.8 2 12L5
Problems

Involvinngonexg 91 U5.5 4456 51,97 _30 439.5 _5, 31.3

563

TABLE 10
DIVISION 0r OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF PERSONAL PROBLEM BE-
LIEVED T0 BETHE MOST TROUBLESOME T0 JACKSON FAMILIES AT
THIS TIME; BASED UPON NUMBER LIVING IN HOUSEHOLD
(EXPRESSED, IN NUMBERS “AND PERCENTAGES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBLEM Kn. Pug“; N g. . Pezgm.....__',._.ng._.'._. 22mm-“
TOTQEZ j§5L__lQQAQw, 151 19919“ 59 ~192:Q___.
Delinquency
Adult Ind gum-en 19 3.5 15 11,2 1 2.6
.m0 55 164‘ M2 1 - 1742——
Problems
Concerning Adults 54 1119 25 _15.5 9 25.1
, Problems
. Concerning Children 25 11.5 ]§ 11.2 5 _12‘8
Problems
Invoying Mono: 91 45.5 74 45.9 1'! 145.6
TABLE 11

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF PERSONAL PROBLEM BE-
LIEVED TO BE THE "DST TROUBLESOME TO JACKSON PAVILIES AT

W? 15 TIME; BASPD UPON RELIGIC .
(EXPRRDSED IN NUMBERS A , ..w,.v_n; J;

 

 

 

Protestant Catholic Jew

 

 

 

 

PROBLEM Hg, Begggng 39,123rcggt fig, Pergegg fig, Pegglgg
T0131. 1 200 100.0 1% 100.0 2 100.0 6 100,0
Delinquency
Adu1t m Ch11dren 19 9.5 14 2.0 5 I 15.2
erriege _55, 16.5 25 16:0 6 115.8 2 55.5
Problems

 

Concerning Adults 54 111,0 24 15.4 10 26;}
Problems

Concern1gg Children 22 11.5 11. 10.9 6 15.8

Problems

.11nvo1ving Money 191 45.5 76 4891 ‘11: 2399 h 65:1

59

TABLE 12
DIVISION OF a»:*:;N CONCERNING THE KIND OF PERSONAL PROBLEM BE-
LIEVED TO BE THE MOST TROUBLESOME TO JACKSON FAMILIES AT
THIS TIME; BASED UPON THE NUMBER OF YEARS OP EDUCATION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PEPCENTAGES

 

 

CEIIég'é "K "Hi’gK‘STHE’I “I". I .{HEfoéde

 

 

 

 

 

 

PROBIPM No. Percent N9; Percent NO. Percent NoL Percent

TOTAL 200 100,0 13h 100.0 113 100.0 53 100.0

Delinquency

Adult and Children 19 9.5 n 11.8 12 10.6 3 5.?

Marriage 33 16,5 .5 Ju.7 19 16.8 9 11.0

Problems

Concerning Adults - 3b 17.0 6 17L6 15 13.3 13 23Ji

Problems

Concerning Children 23 11L5 n 11.8 13 11.5 6 11.3

Problems

Involving Money 91 #5.5 15 11,1 5b sza 22 blni

 

TABLE 13
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF PERSCNAL PRO L11 EE-
LIEVED TO BE THE MOST TROUBLRSOME TO JACKSON FAMILIES AT
THIS TIME; BASED UPON OCCUPATION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTACES)

 

 

Varféal NOEFWPge' CIericEI*EEI"
PROBLEM NO. Percent Occupations Earners Professional
No, Percent NC. Percent No. Percent

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL 200 100.0 79 100.0 490 100.0 31 ‘lO0.0
Delinquency
Adult and Children 19 9.5_ 8 ICLl 9 1C.C 2 «“659
Marrigge 33 16.5 9 11,u 21 23.31 3 9.7
Problems
Concerning Adults LAED 17.0 I), 16.5 lh-._15,6 21 22.6
Problems
Concerning Children 23, 11.5 16 20.2 1 IL; 6 l9Lb
Problems
Concerning Money 91 45.5, 33 hl,8 b5 50.0 137 bl,9

 

* Includes people in Argiculture, Trade, Transportation, Industries
Domestic, and Personal Service.

60
ATTITUPES TOWARD REFERRAL OF PROBLEMS: QUESTIONS 2,

3, 4, and 5.
QUESTION TWO
"Suppose you knew some one who had a personal or
family problem, what outside person would you recommend

to help him?"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 14

PERSON RECOMMENDED ‘ PERCENEAGE ~ NUMBER
TOTAL 100.0 - 200
Barowner 0.5' ' 1
Church Council 0.5 1
Clinic, Medical _ 0.5 1
Doctor ' 9.0 18‘
EIMIIE’SERVICE ‘ 8.5 17
Friend - 10.5 21
Friend of the Court ‘ 2.0 4
I Don't Know 4.5 9
Lawyer 12.0 24
Mayor - I 0.5 1
Minister 27.5 55
Neighbor 2.5 5
Nurse 0.5 1
Police 0.5 1

 

Priest 9,5 19

 

TABLE 14 61

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.h CONTINUED
PERSON RECOMMENDED PERCRNTAGE NUMBER

_Prosecuting1Attorney 3.0 6
Psychiatrist 1.0 2
‘Egpbi 2.5 5
Salvation Army. 0.5 1
Social Worker ‘ 2.5 5
Ward Commissioner 0.5 l
Welfare 1.0 2

 

On this question FAMILE'SERVICE'was sixth preceded by
minister, lawyer, friend, priest, and doctor and followed
by I don't knoW.

Table 14 shows the actual people recommended.to help,
as well as the number of eaah, and the percentage of the
two-hundred individuals who took part in the survey.

Table 15 shows how the resource people were divided
accoring to the age of the person being interviewed, Table
‘ 16 according to income, Table 17 according to race, Table
18 according to sex, Table 19 according to birthplace, Table
20 according to marital status, Table 21 according to number
in household, Table 22 according to religion, Table 25 ace.
cording to education, and Table 24 according to occupation.

From theSe tabulations one can see that a large .
majority of those contacted thought of the churoh as a
place to take personal or family problems. This is proba-A
bly due to the fact that the paster'has long been a social-

. , . 62
1y acceptable person to who to bring problems.

Listed under the heading Church are Church Council,
Minister, Priest, and Rabbi; under Doctor are Medical Clinic,
Doctors, Nurse, and Psychiatrist; under ngyer, Court,¥and
Police are Friend of the Court, Lawyer, Police, and Prose-
cuting Attorney; under Social Agencies are Family Service,
Salvation Army, SocialWorker, andeelfare; under Others
are listed Barowner, Friend, I Don't Know, Major, Neighbor,

and Ward Commissioner.

63

TABLE 1
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING WHEgE TO ADVISE THE PARENTS OF A SCHOOL
AGE CHILD NRC IS HAVING TROUBIE IN SCHOOL AND CRTTINC OUT OF
CONTROL AT HOME TO GO FOR HELP: BASED UPON AGE
(EXPRESSED IN NUNRRRS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘“‘““““’“‘“"" 21-3u*"“""’““‘:§Bff§““ 50-105—
JQLYEQLQLEE}? N0. PQ__§§_nfi___N_O_L__-ergg_rt X;,_ fer-('61: 1'3 ,_ jqrcerz’r
“TESL ZOOM-lane 59 1.0930 7'7 172:3 NJ, 11040
9311332.. ____.______ 80 1:040 25 ban :2 L:1.6 3; 25.9
Nurse, Medical Clinic
EWESETMIWV 22 11.13. .5 815.--"..8. -1213--- 3....111..-1
Lawyer,
EBEILLQI‘J’OHQ“ 35. 17.5 6 1012 12.15; 17 25;;
Mario 25 12.5-. 10 15.9 3.2 15.6 1 In?
Other _38 19.0 13 22LO 13 16,9 12_, 13L8
TABLE 15

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERN NC NHHRR TO ADVISE TNT PSFENTS OR A SCHOOL
AGE CHILD WHO IS RAVINO TROUBLE IN SCHOOL AND GETTING OUT OF
CONTROL AT NONE TO CO FOR HELP; RNSRO UPON INCONT
(EXPRFCSEU IN NUMBERS ANS PERCENTICES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-.-... SEER}??? ”€366va ; __....__._____

___SOUIZCE OE ‘gag‘ gquej-cent ‘NLPercent NOLPerce-nt

TOTAL 200 IQQLO 92 109,0 101 lOQLO
Church 80 DQ.O _21 _#31L37 Q9 b8,5
Nurse, (edical Clinic
Doctor, Psychiatrist 22 11.0 12 12.1 10 9.9
Lawyer .
Qgprt or Police 425 17.5 1h 1h.1 11 10.9
Social Licncy 25 12.5 2h get} 11 10.9

 

 

Other 38 19.0 18 18.2 2‘ 19i§

64

‘ 'TABLE 17
":TISION OF OPINION CONCERNING To NEON SONE ONE WITH-A PERSONAL OR
FAMILY PROBLEM WOULD BE FECOMVENDED TO GO FOR
HELP; BASED UPON RACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGEs)

 

---.--———-——.

OILUEEIS 1 3131"" m“ 'NO ELL-URUC "a'si'a f1

 

*F——'
-”--...—~—_——~‘—__—.'-. -q... —-— ”—...-..._.-—.-—_—— ‘”~**_
_._ ”fix-—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*uigUfiggfigF HELP Nol Percent N9, Percent No. ngggggfl______
TOTAL ECO loOLC 175 100.0 25 100.0
LEEEPh 30 b0.0 jfiL hb.0 ‘3 12.0
Doctor, Medical Clinic
Juree,fiPsychiatrist_ 22 11.0 15 9.2 5 ZQRQ_H__"_1.
Lagyer, Cgurt or Police #35 17.5 130 12.1 5 2u.O
§3gial Agencies 25, 12,5 I 20 11.0 .5 _30,0 ___
Other 38 19.0 _32 18,3_ 6 2b.0
TABLE 18

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING TO NEON SOME ONE WITH A PERSONAL OR
FAMILY PROBLEM wOULD RE RECONNENDED TO GO FOP '
HELP; BASED UPON SEX
‘ (EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTACES)

 

‘-._

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘_Méle Femhlfi "'

SOURCE OF HELP NO. Percent No. Percent Ne,_f§;gentr
TOTAL 200 100.0 68 100.0 132 100.0
Church 80 'UO.O 28 h1.2 52 39.“

Doctor, Medical Clinic '

E23§§i_§§YCh13tT19t 22 '11.0 8 1.1§L._L.1A;___19.§L
Lavyer, Court or Police _35 17.5» ~13 19.1 22 16.7
Social Agencies 25 12.5 2 10,3 18 13.6

 

Others .38 19.0 19 17.6. - 26 19.7

65

TABLE 19.
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING TO~NROY SONB ONE N TR A PERSONAL OR
FAMILY PROBLEM NOULD BE RECONNEID 0 TO GO FOR
HELP: BASED UPON BIRTEPLACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

 

 

 

.—'

 

 

JacEEcifcouniy Michigan Outside Rich?

 

 

 

 

SOURCE OF HELP NO, Percent No, Percent 'No, Percent N0, Percent
TCTAL __ZQQ__100.0 106_ 100.0 bl 100-0. 53 100.0__
ghurch 80 uo.0_:§2 3L-9 16. 39-0 27 150.9

 

Doctor, Psychiatrist

Nurse, Medical Clinic 22 11.0 11 10.4, N .15L5L1_21_.13.3
Lawyer,

 

 

 

 

Court, or Ep_i§e 135 1?.5' 22 «20.8 9 21.9“"-b;1__215__

Social Agencies 251 12.fi 12 1.3 9--.“ . 21.9.“ _’.L,_-._--_?...‘i -_

Others 38 19.0 2N 22,6 3. 7.3 11 20.8
TABLE 20

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING TO NEON CONE ONE WITH A PERSONAL OR
FAMILY PROBLEM NOULD BE PVCO""TUDVD T0 O0 PCP
HELP; BASED UPC” NLRITRL STATUS
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS L-D ERCENTAGES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AL'Harried Separated
SOURCE OF HELP No. Percent DivorcedAWidowed Single
No, Percent No. Percent No, Percent

TOTAL 200 100.0 108 100.0 76 100.0 16 100.0
Church 80 110.0 52 18.1 22 35.5 1 i}
Doctor, Psychiatrist
Nurse,_NedIcal Clinic 22 11.0 In 13.0 2 2.5 4 37.5
Lawyer.
Court, or_Pglice 435 1?.5 21 19.5 10 13.2 h 2522
Social Agencies 25 12.5 lb 13LQ 9 1128 2 1225
Others _32 1910 .2 625 2a ‘36.9 .3 19.2

 

 

(56

TABLE 21
DIVISION OE OP NION CONCERNING T0 NEON SOME ONE TITN A PERSON.L OR
FAMILY PROBLEM WOULD BE RECONNPNUED TO GO FOR HELP;
BASED UPON NUMBERS IN HOUSEHOLD
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PEPCRNTAGES)

 

 

---m—--- —-—~-._

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I—“OHEZFIGé'“_"_"Si£:TéH'wm_—mm
SOURCE OF HELP No. Percent NQL;P§rcent NOL_£QZ£§Q£___
TOTAL 200 100.0 161 100.0 39 100.0
Church 80 no.0 60 137.3 20 __51.3_
Nurse, Medical Clinic
Dactor, PSychiqtrist 22 11,0 17 1Q,6 5 12.9
Lawyer,
Court or Police 35 17.5. 28 17.h .2 17.9
Social Agencies '31 12L57 21 13.0 H 10,3
Others A38 19.0 35 2117 _3 .2.2
TABLE 22

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING TO WFOM SOME ONE WITH A PERSONAL OR
FAMILY PROBLEM WOULD BE RECOMYENDED TO GO FOR HELP;
BASED UPON RELIGION

(EXPRESSED

IN NUMBEPS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

...a -_I -

SOURCE OF HELP

 

 

-o——---—-——_

"Pr6€é§tafi€ ”‘CREHSTIC Jew "

 

No, Percggt No. Pgrcegt 30, Percent No. Percent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL 200 100.0 156 30.0 .38 100.0 6 100.0
Church 80 b0.0 46 35,9. 19 150.0 5 .§2.3
Nurse, Medical Clinic
DoctorLAPchhiatrist 22 11.0 19 12.2 7 15.3 1 _1§.7
Lawyer,

Court or Police 35 17.5 _30 #19.2 5 13,2
Social Agencies 25 12.9 21 13.5_ L 10.€
Others 38 19.0 #30 13.2 8 91.0

 

......

67
TABLE 25
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING To WHOM SOME ONE WITH A PERSONAL
0R FAMILY PROBLEM WOULD BE RECOMMENDED To GO FOR HELP;
BASED UPON EDUCATION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGE)

 

 

 

‘ College High School Eighth
SOURCE OF HELP No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent
. ngAL 200 190.0 5h 100.0 .2115» 100.0 155 100.0

 

Doctor, Medical Clinic ~
[Egree, Peychietriet 22 11.0 _9 26.5 2 1.8 11“ 20.8

Church 80 40.0 1L 32.11 57 jO.h_12__4 22.6
L or C - or PoliceAfifi £1.5' 7 20.6 14' 12.4 1C 26.‘

 

 

, Such] Agenciee 25 12.5 6 11.6 12 10.6 7 15.2
192201.. 38 . ];930 1 209 28 21408 9 1100
TABLE 21;

DIVISION OF' OPINION CONCERNING TO NEON SOME ONE WITH A PERSONAL
OR FAMILY PROBLEM NOULD BE RBCOIDIENDED To GO FOR HELP;
BASED UPON OCCUPAION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

._ . . _ ‘ ‘ Varied Occupations W"
._ SOURCE 0? HELP No. Percent No. Percent No. Peggggij No. grgggtoncl

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAI m 100.0 39..- 100.0 510 100.0 51 100.0

.. Church 3Q 40.0 56 16.6 58 42.2 ‘6 19.1!
, Doctor, Medical Clinic }_ ’ . ‘ _

.w NII__P_212221E1£1£§22—____11a9~ 7 8-9 6 ,fiel. 9 22:9

W 17 5 9 11A 22 ' 211A 11 12.2

30015; Agencies 25 12,5 1; 11,8 5 5‘6 ...9 2930

 

 

m. 58 1910 $6 2011 12 21.; 5 907

 

68
QUESTION THREE
"Suppose you knew a couple whose quarreling was harming

their children, where would you advise them to go for help?"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 25
PERSON OR PLACE RECOMMENDED PERCEI‘I'llAQE NUI~.'IBER
Bureau of Social Aid _l:§g 3
Church 19.5.“ 3
Doctor 6:9 12
Family Service I;,§;m- 25
Friend 3:51” 7
Friend of the Court 430 8
I Don't know 430 8
Judge 03§fi;, 1
Juvenile Court ' 1.5,; 3
Lansinnguidance Center 0.5;; l
gawyer 1&35fi 29
Minister _?§g9 52
Police _?30 4
Priest 9u§p 19
Prosecuting Attorney 135; 5
Psychiatrist 0.53 l
Rabbi 1.3%.; :5
Belative 330 6
§gcialworker 5-5; 7

n. - ‘u—o’ - '

 

 

69

IABLEMZS (CONT'D)

 

 

 

 

 

PERSON PLACE RECOMMENDED PERCENTAGE NUMBER
.Eeacher _;,5g_ 5
Visiting Teacher ;*§Av-w~‘_ 3
Welfare 0,59"w ‘_ l

 

 

On this question FAMILY SERVICE was third, preceded by

 

minister and lawyer, and followed by priest.

Tables 26, 27, 28, 29, 50, 51, 32, 55, and 34 Show
that it is apparent that most of the persons interviewed
believe that the church is best fitted to help a couple
‘whose quarreling is harming their children.

Grouged together under the heading Church are Church,

Minister, Priest, and Rabbi; under Doctor and Psychiatrist

 

 

are Doctor and Psychiatrist; under gawyer, Court or Police
are Friend of the Court, Judge, Juvenile Court, Lawyer,

Police, and Prosecuting Attorney; under School are Teacher

 

and Visiting Teacher; under Social Agencies or Socialworker
are Bureau of Social Aid, Guidance Center, Socialworker,
and Welfare; under Others are Friend, I Don't Know, and

Relative.

'70

TABLE 26 A
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING NHERE A COUPLE IHOSE QUARRELING
IS HARMING THEIR CHILDREN SHOULD BE ADVISED TO GO FOR
HELP; BASED UPON AGE (EXPRESSED IN
NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGEs)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘ 21-55 55-119 50-11600
SOURCE OF' HELP NO. Percgggt No. P9106331; No. Percent No. Percent
,~._.3.°_'11&_ 200 100.9 59 100.0 77 100.0 611 100.0 '
22mm 77 38.5 24 MI 55.0 h 110.6

Doctor and
quchiatrist 15 6,5 2 3.2 I: w9.1 1h 6.2

 

Euler, Court, Pol_i_:ce 48 211.0 16 27.119, 25.4 1 21.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Schob 6 5.0 2 5.2 T5,__ #239 l} 1.6
Sccin? Agencies 14
or Socialworker 55 11.5 8 pt 2' 18.2 6 20.}
Others 21 19,5 2 ll.8 8 10.4 26 9.4
TABLE 27
850042999 ”COO-Up
SOURCE OF HELP No. Percent Nc,_Percent No. Percent
TOTAL 2110 Loop 99 no.9 ,m1.,.._IQQ.Q__
gmrob 33 55.; 39 19,1; 1 58 ELL
DOctor and
Psychiatri L 15 6.5 1 11.1 §“ 5.9_l
gagzer, Court, or Police g3 2A.Q. 21' 21,2 21 26.1
m 5 3.0 4 AU 2.0
Social Agencies ‘
. 9mm" as 11.5 w 17 2 i231.

 

 

Ti

he 1 2; 10 -5 19 10. 1 LL___;2_;2_

 

7].

TABLE 28
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING WHERE A COUPLE wHOSE QUARRELING
IS EARNING THEIR CHILDREN SHOULD BE ADVISED TO GO BOR
HELP; BASED UPON RACE (EXPRESSED IN
NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGEs)

 

I

CauczgiEn Non-Caucasian

 

 

 

 

u:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

§QgfiCE OF HELP No.7Percent No. Percent_ N93 Percent

TOTAL A 200 100.0 175 100.0 214‘ 100.0

Church 77 58.; 70 “ 52-2.." 7 28.0
Doctor and ‘

_chhietriet 15 6.2 12 6.9 1 4.0
ésgyer, Court, or Police #8 24.0 41 2}.h 7 28.0
School 6 3.0 ‘6 i§.h
Social Agencies
or Socialworker 55 17.0 52, 18.9 2 8.0%
Others 21 10.5 127 7.h 8 52.0

TABLE 29 .

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING HHERE A COUPLE NHOSE OUARRELING
IS HARMING THEIR CHILDREN SHOULD BE ADVISED TO GO FOR
HELP; BASED UPON SEX (EXPRESSED IN
NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGEs)

     

--.—__ -

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SOURCE OE EELP N°' Percent No.“Pereent ””Nb; Percent ‘
...—MAR MAO p 68 00.0 1 2 100.0
m 71 58.5 22 13,11 55 #1.?
Doctor and '

W 15 625 5 M lo 7.6
Lglxg;‘_ggg;§‘_gr.Police 48 el.24.0 l9 ‘glig 29 22.0
m 6 35,0 41 5.9 2 J1_._§_
Socinl Agencies

War =55 11.0 1,95 114.1 25 18.2

 

__mero 21 10.5 $9 111.1 4; 8.1

(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PEP

 

TABLE 30
DIVISION OP OPINION CONCERNING THERE A COUPLE WHOSE QUARRELING

IS EARNING THEIR CHILDREN SHOULD BE ADVISED To GO FOR
HELP; BASED UPON BIRTHPLAOE

 

 

wow-.....- -—~-

firm
C 11.11 J.

ACES)

 

 

—--— ——.—-
- .,—--.—.— _..- -

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jachvon CountyjzfiichiéEEMDEIEIE Hie .
SOURCE CF PEEP NO, Percent NO. Percent NO. Percent Np, 2g_gént
TOTAL 200 100,0, 106 100.0 01 100,0 53 100.0
Church 77 2&15 1#0 _22,8 13 31.2,,2L USIB
Doctor and
Psychiatrist 13 6.5 6 5,7 -;;____;7. 0 ___qz,5fl__
Levy 6 r , .
222321-0r P01192__ 58 2U.0 ~31 2.9.2~ _.11 26.0.116_.. 11.3.
_Bawl 6 30 3 23 2 E8 1”w_22__
Social Anencies
or Social Worker 35 17,5 16 15,1 9 21.9 10 18,2
Others 21 10.5 10 9.0 2 7.3 8 liAl-fl-
TABLE 31

DIVISION OF OPINION CUNCEPFTNG VERDE A COUPLE WHCSE QUARPELING
IS EfiRMING THEIR CHILDREN SHOULD BE ADVISED TO GO FOR

_... .

HELP: BASED UPON VARITAL STATUS

(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTACES)

 

 

 

 

SO ICE CF HELP

—-——--.-._. .. ~.

—~—..— ‘-

 

 

No. Percent

 

"Séparatea“'

 

Married Divorced-Widowed

NoL Percent NoL Perg§§§_._

Sinsle

_fiéilfifigflfli.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL 200 100,0 108 100.0 26 100,0 16 100,0
QEBIEB_. 27 38.5 b8 bu.h 26 _Bb.2 .3 18.8
Doctor and
Psychiatrist 13 6.5_ .3 2.8 6 7 9 h 25.0
Lawyer,

Court. or Police b8 2U.O 23 21,3 20 26., _fi g31.2
3(h001 6 3,0 2 1.C b 5.3

Social Agencies

or SOCéal Worktr 35 1715 19 lz.e__u12, 12,1 :1 18.8
Others 21 10.5 13_ 13.0 7 3.2 1 6,2

 

TABLE 32 73
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCENNINS NSEIE A COUPLE NNOSE OUASEELINC
IS HAEMIKG TNIIE CHILDREN SECUL“ P3 ADVISED To GO FOR
HELP; BASED UPON NUNDEP IN HOUSENODD
(EXPRESSED IN NUNBEES AND PEPCENTACPs)

 

“2...;

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“DfiéJFffie ‘SixST€i" "'
SOUPCE OF HELP NO. Percent No. Percent No. Percent
TOTAL :09 109.0' 161 100.0 39 100.0
Church 72. _38.5 __66 u1.o 11 23.2
Doctor and
Pfizchiatrict 13, 6.5__ 6 03.2 _, 7 1213
Lawyer,
Court, or Police u8 2h.0 _39 2b.? 9, 23.1
School 6 43.0 _5 3.1 _1 2.6 _
Social Agencies
or Social Worker 357 17.5 28 12.% 2 17.9
Others _ 21 10.5 17 10.6 h 10.3
TABLE 33

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCEPNIKG WHDFE A COUPLE WHCSE QDAPPELING
IS EARNING TEEIP CHILDPEN SHDUED BE ADVISED TO GO FOR
HELP; BASED UPUN RELIGION

(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PEPCENTACES)

 

 

 

_- -..-.—
.r—v
......

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

”PPOESEYEDE Céffiélfc Jefi
SOURCE OF FDLP N1. Percent No. Percent No. Percent_ No. Percegt
TOTAL -goo 100.0 156 100.0 .38 100.0 6 100.0_

Church 1 77 .38.5 55 35.3 19 150.0 3 50.0
Doctor and
ngchiatrist 1;: 6I5, _IOO 6.h 2_1 05;: 1 16.7
Lawyer,
QABItI_or Polica U5 Zfl.0 Q3 27.6 5 1212
School, 6 _3.0 15__._;1LZ-W_ _,‘ 1 15,2
Social Agencies
or Social Worker_ 35. 17.5"._ 28 _,}2491-_Y 18.h

 

 

 

thers 21 lQLS 15 9L6 5 13.1 1 16.7

'74

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tit-OLE 314';
DIVISIOU CF C? N CI 33333? US ”"373 A COUPLE ' HOSE QU'??EL ING
IS HARE KG T?JIP C"IADT1- DEE U13 SVISD TO GO Fw
'E*D; BASED ON ““ULATI I
(*IPSSSCDD IN 1111“ s A::D r~PCLNTAC s)
TOIIEie 31;“ ocnooI ilfhth ~roIe
SOD-33 CF HELP N3. Per_e2t H0. P‘rccnt No. xerceot Bo. Percent
TO1AL 20 100.0 31 100.0 117 100.0 53 100.0
Church 77 38.5 10 29.& 38 33.2 29. ‘DJZ
Doctor and
Psychiatrist 13 6.5 2 59 0L 8.0 2 3.8
Ld'u';vrer,
Court, or Police NS 21.0 12 35.2 10 26.5. 6 11.3
School 6 3.0 E 11.8 1 0.9 1 1.3
Social Agencies
Or Social orker 35 17.5 b 11.8 23 21.2 .7 13-2
Others 21 10.5 2 5.9 11 49.2 8 15.1
TABLE 35
DIVISIQN 3F OPINISN CCUCEPUING UHEEN A COUPLE H;OSE QU1EPE*-ING IS
HATS II\C THEIR H LE EN SHOULD BE ADVISL TO GO FOR
HE'U: BASED UPON CCCUPATIZN
(EXPINSSED IN NUMBER AND PEPCE‘IITA GES)
“ 'Vur192 Ion— .Axe ClericaI aha
SO. CE 3 HELP Occuoatiwus* EarnerS Professitnal
N0. Percent N0. Percent No. Prrcent No. Pcrcent
TC AA 20 100.0 _79 100.0 90 100.0 31 100.0
Church 77 38.5 36 b5.6 ~32 35.5 9 29.0
Doctor and
Psychiatrist 13 6.5 2 2.5 2. _z.8 n 12.9
ZSwyer
Court, or Police 1:8 ELLA) 7 8.9 35 38.9 6 19.3
social Agencies
or Social Worker 35 17,4 23 29,1 _5 _5!5 z 22,
I". ”-1 . v Q Q "
0t119I‘S (.4- 102.15. ‘ .. *2 ...11;~[f.__‘._“ "_-.9_---.._L'.'..-—.1‘5;LL.__
‘ Inclu w . ' , ‘ .,
. “‘3 999919 in Agflfiknlture. Trace; Transportation, Inlustries,
Domestlc, and Personal Service.

QUESTION 4
"Suppose you.knew a.fanfily where the father was dead
and the mother-was unable to work, where would you advise

this mother to get help?"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 56
AGENCY OR PERSON RECOMMENDED PERCENTAGE NUMBER
IA:D.C. _4‘; 7_fi .21.. 25i5-; .1 1 51
Community Chest 250 4
Council of Social Agencies 140 2
Employment Bureau 14L” 2
Family Service 110* 2
Friend of the Court “ng 2
I Don't Know l?§gs 3
Judge of Juvenile Court N's?) 3
Lawyer ISO 2
Michigan Children's Aid 4.§;§ 9
Minister 350 6
Neighbor O.§5 l
Priest .5?§;;- 11
Prosecuting Attorney 120 2
Red Cross I90 2
Salvation Army 59§1« 7
Social Securitx Office 1.5 x 3

 

a ——-‘L
o

 

Welfare 44.5: 89

-' r‘l— -

 

ill

76

For this question FAMILY SERVICE was placed twelfth
along with_the Council of Social Agencies, Employment
Bureau, Friend of the Court, Lawyer, Prosecuting Attorney,
and Red Cross preceded by Welfare, A.D.0., Priest, Michigan
Childrens' Aid, Salvation Army, Minister, Community Chest,
Judge of Juvenile Court, Social Security office, and I
Don't Know and followed by Neighbor; this is shown in Table
36 together with the number of individuals who made the
choices and the percentage of their total number.

Table 37 shows the agency or group recommended accord-
ing to age of interviewee; Table 38 according to income;
Table 39 according to race; Table 40 according to sex;
Table 41 according to birthplace; Table 42 according to
marital status; Table 43 according to number in household;
Table 44 according to religion; Table 45 according to
education; and Table 46 according to occupation.

Grouped under the heading Church for this question are
Minister and Priest; under Other Social Agencies are
Conmmnity Chest, Council of Social Agencies, Family Service,
Michigan Children's Aid Society, Red Cross, and Salvation
Army; under chggDare listed I Don't Know, Unemployment
Bureau, Friend of the Court, Juvenile Court, Lawyer,
Neighbors, Prosecuting Attorney, and Social Security

Office.

77

From these tables it is very evident that the majority
of the people interviewed had some knowledge of either Aid
to Dependent Children, or of the function of the Bureau of
Social Aid and the Welfare which are housed in the same

building.

T BLT 37

[3 I
DIVISION or crlr or c::cr:: TC 3: 1: T33 rnnzir or A DECK“? *.‘D. * r
szcu m 7 ISL Hzlr; EASED v13: AGE
(:zzis-.l9 III NYL‘IZS AI? .:::::TA:TS

 

 

 

 

 

21—3: 55~:3* Etzicc

SCURCE CF HilP N9. Perc e t No. Percent N . Percent N3. Pa‘
TOTA' :50 120.0 53 120.0 32° 1C3.0 ‘4
A.D.C. 51 25.:f 13 22.0 25 32.5 13

 

Church 17 8 4 8 13.6
Other
Social Agencies

0\
Lo
03
L)

(\J

O\
I--'
' a)
(. D
~o
tn

"3

(I)

H

C)

r...
K3

Others

H
(1)
\O
O
(D
‘ O\
(D
N
O\
* J
D
(D
O\

”Elf

(n
«7*-
I?
O
(3
*3
A
in
\o
(3
K»
to
n-
C
x»
A

TABLE 38
DIVISI ICN OF CPINICN C“"CEPTIl YFTP.E TE F_VILY OF A DECEASED MAN
HCULD GO FCE’ HELP, BASED UPC N NCOE E

(EXPRES‘ED IN NUIBEE'S 2ND PEEC'VTACVQ

 

 

 

 

$533~¢A997 ENCQU‘UE
SCL.CE OF HELE‘ N3. Percent No. Percent N3. Percent
TOTAL zoo 190.0 99 190.0 131 193-9

 

A.B.C. ‘1 P‘ ‘ 2

.2 99

b1

5)
A

n)
to
*0

Church 12, 8 c 7 ?.l 10
Cthe
Soci:1 A: encies 25 13.0 13 13.1 13

\O
\0

H
P)

A0

Others 18 9.0 7 7,1 11 10.

\O

Welfare 88 UL.O 450 “0:5

‘4.)
(‘)
Ln.)
"\I
O\

 

......

......

......

......

79

TABLE 39
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCNNNINC WHERE THE FAMILY OF A DECEASED
MAN SHOULD GO FOR HELP; BASED UPON PACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PEBCENTAC-ES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

_ Caucasian Non~Céfi5§§f§h ' \

SOURCE OF HELP Ho. Percent Hol Percent No, Percent

TOTAL 200 100.0 175 100.0 25 100L0
A.D.C. at the‘
Bureau of Social
Aid 51 21.5 1.17 2_6_._9 1* 16.0... _ ---__
Church 12. 815 lb 8.0 3 12.0
Other Social
Agencies 26 13LQ_ ‘12_ “"1w 8 ? 28.9
Others 18 9.0 lb _80 a 1640 _
Welfare 88 bh.0 81 1§_3 Z 23 0

TABLE b0

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING WHE‘RE THE FAMILY OF A DECEASED
MAN SHOULD GO FOR HELP; BASED UPON SEX
(EXPPESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

-:_

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

_;_ NEEIé "FéEéIe

SOURCE OF HENE, NOL_Percent N9, Percent Nq._Percent
TCTAL 200 100.0 68 100.0 132 100.0

A.D.C. at the

Bureau of Social Aid 51 25.5 21 _20.0 .30 22.2

Chm-cg; 1? 8.5 u 5.9 1L 9.8. _ -

0ther_§pcia1 Agencies 26 13.0 7 10;}, 13 lth-

Others 18 9.0 2 10L3_ 11 8.3

Weligge 88 Db.0 23, h2.6 453 bb.8

 

8C)

INDIE L1
DIVISION OF OPINION CO-CNPLI.O NNIP‘ III PNNILY OF N DICENSID NNN
SHOULD GO FOR HELP; INSID UPON BIPIIPLNCE
(EXPRESSED IN NUNIEPS NI ID PPOIIINCNS)

 

 

Jackson County iiCOINan OfitsiFe Rich.
D 1»
J- a.

 

 

 

 

 

 

SOUFCE CF HELP NO. PPrccnt NO. PPrcent NO. 6 cent NO. Percent
TO’TAL 20 100.0 106 100.0 b1 100.0 53 100.0
A.B.C. 51 25.5 27 25L5 12 29.3 12 22.
Church 17 8,5 9 8,5 u 9.7 h 7.6
Other
Social Ngencies 26 13.0 15 1b.1 6 1h,6 .5 9.b
Others 18 9.0- 10 49.h 2 U.9 6 11L}
Welfare 89 Pb.0 Q5, h2.5 17 Ll.5 25 b9.0

 

TNRLE b2
DIVISION OP OPINION CON :ININO WEEEE INE PNNILY OF A DECENSID NNN
SIO LD GO FOR HELP: INSID UPON NNPIINL SINIUS
(EXPRESSID IN NUNrLES NND PIECINI; OEs)

 

 

Sewarated
fiarried Divorced-Widowed Single
SOURCE OF? EL? NO. Percent NO. Percent NO. Percent No. Percent

 

 

 

 

IOIN L ' V200 100.0 108 100.0 76 100.0 16 100.0
N.DNC. 51 25.5 NS? 26-8 18 23.7 b 25.0
Church 17 8.5 10, PIP 5 6.6 2 12.5
Other
SQcial.A§erCl€S 26 13.0 6 ENE, 17 22-3, 3 18-7
Others 18 9N0 6 I5.5 12 15.8

 

Welfare 88 thO 52_ 52.8 2b 31.6 7 Q3.8

 

.....

8].

TABLE L3

 

 

 

 

DIVIE I PI\ICN COVCZVVIVQ ”VVEV ”V ".VIIY CF ’; EECEISFD KL:
SHC'ULD GO VCR U31KB: VLVL“ TE ON NU\’FEV VIVING IN THE HOUSEHOLD
-CSZT IN IUMBeV. LID PERCET-“CZS
CV72. 1 VEVVV TEL—’17. 1
SDI; HELP no. Percvdt Y3, :Prce“t N). I’“C'Iu

 

 

 

 

A “A / F '\
SIS 1-9.0 1‘1 1 v.0 439 13n.u
n AL C
110- oUo :1 (5.5 :3 c..“'.2, 1:: BC...“
Chwrch 17 CL, 13 9.- b lu,u__-.._
Other
Social i€s £0 1?.C I? 11.8 7 17.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

/
Othe 19 3.3 1:___ 9.; 2 5.1
9v ‘ /
«elf; C3 L'.g_‘ __ 74 ___L§.C ‘__lb 35-9
TIBLI U:
DIVISILN IIIIII: CCI I:I Is IIIII TIE FIIILY IIICIISID III

SEJLIDD GO FOR HE :; :“SED UPON P“LIG ION

~ pm ‘ ,P-‘fiw V: 3 I.“ v-‘.--~v- '-\Tfl‘| A 1*":
(:-;;L;vyfl IL: Lula- III hUIVIJJsS 411:: 4‘ £'—:4.;‘I

~-- «J‘./. “C:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

fixategtuIt CJEIoIiC JLw V—
SQII SF ELLE 33. {gr :et 33. Pergcnt Ha. Percent NQL‘EQQQEEE
:03 129.0 L56 193.0 #39 190. < 100.0
. n, _ ,5 /
44D. 51 95.5 39 45.0 11 28 1 13.?
ChurcI 1? atfi 6 43.9 11 3-.9
Otfe
~/ A“ /
c '» ' c Io 13.0 II 1L.1 3, 8.0 1 1b 7

Qihfira.

1-' _.
nelfgre

 

H
O
O\
:7
)\
F—J
1n
(D
J
)
J
b)

n
l)
D
Fx)
\L)
n
D
)\
Io
H
D
T.‘

t
L

82

TABLE b5
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING I'HIS: THE FAMIIY OF A WE ' SND MAN
SHOULD GO FOR HIID; BASED UPON EDUC ATICN
(EYERESSED IN NUMBE.S AND “INFIN-AOIS)

 

College Hign $0}031 Elgfith Graie
SOUECE 0F HELP NO. Percent NO. Psrceot NO. Percent NO. Percent

‘0

TOTAL 200 100.0 3E 100.0 11? 100.0 ‘3 100.0

A

A.B.C. ‘:1

\n

kn
0\
H
_\l
\

.2 12 32.

K
1‘)

’3 F.
/
A,— 5—.

A

O\ \0
"v
L1) \
K In
’\)

Church 17 ' 8
Other
Social Agencies

Ux
N
f‘ )
(J
()\
\0 TN)

1‘)
SA
t“
L)
O
0.)
I")
Kn
C I
\O
H
O
k )

 

Others 18 9.0 N 11.8 5 b b .2 1?.0
Welfare 83 Lb 0 9 26.5 5, 52.2 20 37-7

 

TABLE N6
DIVISION OF OPINION O NONI— NIN III III I‘ANIIY OF A DECEAS I) NAN
SHOULD GO FOP. HELP; BASED USO COISL AIION

 

 

_J 1c C\" q “x | 15'3”? 1r
(34c IJ-HJQMD IL‘I ITUIEZE‘JIS - JIITD P' .LNAA8"4.«..))
. .-.' .3 ‘57 ‘3'. -. TI T'fi .~-n‘
VCLIIECL udfl“-u~;{€ CLGIIL,_#.J. C‘wllfij

SOURCE CF HELP No. Percent OccuoatiOns* Earners Professional
NO. Percent NO. Percent NO. Percent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOTAL 200 100.0 79 100.0 490 100.0 31 100.0
A.B.C. 51 25.5 13 21.5 :5 7.7.8 9 29.0
"i ‘ r, A v "
unurcn 12, 8.5 11 1,» a. 4.2 1' 14.9
Other
§pcia1 Agencies 26 13,0 13 13L5 b L.& 9 25.0
Others 13 9.0 .7 8.9 9 10.0 2 6.5
welfare 88 bI.O 31 32.2 50 55.6 #2 22.6
* Includes people inAgri.-ulture, Trafle, rz: . so 0t.-ti:)'1, Influstzles,

Domestic, and Personal Service

QUESTION FIVE

83

"Suppose you knew the parents of a school age child who

is having trouble in school and getting out of control at

home, where would you advise them to go?"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE N7
PERSON OR PLACE RECOMMENDED PERCENTAGE NUMBER

Attendance Officer . -i$%o 8

Board of Education 1,5- 3
Children's Guidance Center 0,5; 1

Doctor 210 4,
Family Service Agency 690 12

I Don't Know 1T5: 3
Juvenile Court 9.0 18
Michigan Children's Aid Society .990 18
Minister 53$; 7

Mother Superior 0351 1 fi_
Police flfé. 3

Priest .5:5; 11
Principal :25¢5- _51
Probation Officer :%i5 3
rsychiatrist 2130 2

P.T.A . 0.15.5; 1

St. Joseph.HOme for Boys Zflg? 3 _fi_
Sunday School Teacher 0.-.5 1

 

84
TABLE 47 {CONT'D)

A

 

 

 

 

 

PERSON 0R PLACE RECOMMENDED PERCENTAGE NUMBER
Teacher 11,5, 23 __
Visiting Nurse 8 0,55 1

Visiting Teacher 8,0 16

Welfare 0351 l

A Spanking in the WOod Shed ll.0 2

 

On this question FAMILY SERVICE‘was rated fifth

 

preceded by Principal, Juvenile Court, Visiting Teacher,
and Priest and followed by Attendance Officer. This is
shown on Table 47 along with the numbers and percentages
of individuals out of the two hundred contracted who made
these choices. Tables 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
and 57 are tabulations of question five and show that the
majority of the people felt such a problem should.be
handled by the schools or by school people.

Compiled.under the heading of Church are Minister,

Priest, and Sunday School Teacher; under Court or Police

 

are Juvenile Court, Juvenile Home, Police, and Probation
Officer; under school are Attendance Officer, Board of
Education, Mbther Superior, Principal, P.T.A., Teacher,
and Visiting Teacher; under Social Agencies are Children's

 

Guidance Center, Family Service Agency, Michigan Children's

Aid Society, St. Joseph Home for Boys, and Welfare; under

Others are Doctor, I Don't Know, Psychiatrist, Visiting

Nurse, and A Spanking in the Wood Shed.

85

TABLE 1:8

DIVISION OF OEINION C NCERNIIIG '.'."HF.T—‘"?; "‘3 I'I.,‘»'IS'
CEILD K”C S HAVING TROUBLE IN S? '

CCNTRC‘L AT H3113 TO GO FOR HE L

m

(...O 1”?"“"D IN *".*‘”’"“" AI.-.

86

; BREED UPON AGE
‘:

cowgm are.
.-U ~ .‘ Ln‘u‘fil.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11~3L Sf—LE KTZIOK‘R-‘_-—‘

SOURCE CF EE' No. Percent NO. Percent No. Prrccnt No. “orOIOt
IOTA; ‘OO IO0.0 _gsa 03.0 #22 116.0 I3: OO.O
Church 20 13.C ,5 8.5 45;, 6. 10 15.5
COIIrt or Polk 31 1:,5_A Q 1‘.) 11 1b.3 11 12.2
n-31 102 51.0 3L 57.4 10 51.9 :9 €3.8

S Cihl “OP“C199 435 12.547 9 13.27 16 ;J.8 1] 17.2
thFr 12 5.0 _3 j.1 ‘5 6L5 1‘ o.2

 

TAB-IE L’ 9
CIVIS ION C CI NICN C’"C£RNING ”RFPW TC ADVISE
AGE CHILD YRS IS "'.VIN" TR UBLE IN SCHCC

CCKTICL AT '181‘73 TO GO FCR HELP; ESSED Uf'N NICO"
AND III‘}:."_ tum) org;

(IIIIISSIO IN NUNSSIS

TEE PA-

AND GE

‘J‘ 4rd

“'71: m “1'1 r Qf‘"‘\/‘~
t g V: [I ~UA‘LVVI.
mm G “.7 f" A

f:
a

)

 

 

)- L, r‘ fl fl’f- 7")" . -
wguv-ijj} tp‘)v~JU—l»’§)
Cr‘TTfi/x . A TV 1“) 'TP :7, .-- .7— «5., _ ' 1." v). _
OOLLCE CF hfiif -J. .crcznt lg. :tIc'At 1C. Izzcert

 

 

 

 

TOTAL zoo 100.: 99 1”0.C IOI oo.o
Church 20 10.0 8 8.1 12 11.9
Court or Police 31 15.5 7 7.1 2b 23.8

 

 

 

EC-OC 1 102 451.C 5 51.5 b9 b3.5
SOCial Agencies 35 1?.5 28 28.3 7 5.9
A / P

Other 12 3.3 3 5.0 ,9 8.8

 

87'

TABLE 50
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING WHERE TO ADVISE THE PARENTS OF A SCHOOL
AGE CHILD ':.'HO IS HAVING TROUBLE IN SCHOOL AND GETTING OUT OF
CONTROL AT HOME TO GO FOR HELP; BASED UPON RACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGEs)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

_ Caucasian . Non-Caucasian
SOURCE OF HEEgfi No. Percent No. Percent No. Perennt
TOTAL: mo 100.0 125 3190.0 25 100.0
232931911 '20 JD #19 IQAL I IL 4.0
.0035; at Police #51 15.5_ 2Q 14,8 5 20.0
School 102 51,0 32 532.6 49 40.0 -
Social Agencies .55 11.5 29 16.6 6 24.9
.Othere 12 ' 5ng 9. gé; _3 I;g.p
TABLE 51

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING HERE TO ADVISE THE PARENTS OF A somOL
ACE CHILD wHO IS HAVING TROUBLE IN SCHOOL" AND GETTING OUT OF
CONTROL AT HOME To FOR HELP; BASED UPON SEX
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAaEs)

 

.__‘

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Uh}. . ‘ Female
SOQBCE 0! HELP , N91 Perceg§ No. Percegg No. PereentA
IQIAL Ifi 200 100.0 68 100.0 152. 10050;
91111121: 20 10 L M ’ 9.9
00353 or Po;;ce 51 1515 _1;. 11.6 12 1#=#
m 102 51.0_ 543 55.2 6h 48;
3.0.0111. ,1 Agencies 55 11.5 8 1;,8 2; 20.1;

 

2911.6" 12 619 5 11.11 L 6.8

883

TABLE 52
DIVISION OE OPINION CONCERNING WHERE To ADVISE THE PARENTS OF A S
AGE CHILD WHO IS HAVING TROUBLE IN SCHOOL AND GETTING OUT OF
CONTROL AT HOME To GO FOR HELP; BASED UPON BIRTRPLACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

CHOOL

 

wt. — —w“n--‘.——-—
~40 - '*-M.-"u-~.—.d “a. — :-

"“7I55E§65"C3fififiy MichIEEC'qCutsido Mich.
SOURCE OF HELP No- Percegt‘453L Percent NOL_Percegg-“figL;figgg§n§-‘

 

 

 

 

TOTAL 200 100.9 Iqé___qu.o bl _IOO.O _53 ,1QQ;Q...
Church 20 10.0 9 -1.18.5 _ “HQ 9.2 7 13.2....~~
Court or Police 31 15.5 21 19.8 15 12.2 .5 __.9LE-L-

 

55. 6 18 1&9 E5 b7. 2
__gcia1 Agencies 35 12.5 13 12.3 10 2U.5 13 22.6
’5.

.0 h 3.8 h 9.2 h 7.6

 

TABLE 53
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING WHERE TO ADVISE TRB PARENTS OF A SCHOOL
AGE CRILD WHO IS HAVING TROUBLE IN SCROOL AND GETTING OUT OF
CONTROL AT HOME TO GO FOR HELP; BASED UPON MARITAL STATUS
(EXPRESSE IN NUNBERS AND PERCENTAGRS

 

—--- ,._.-- .--—-...- -~

 

 

-—-——.—.. —.—'_—....

 

SéfiE?EEEH‘"
Married Widowed-Divorced Single
SGUFCE :F HELP No. Percent NO. Percent NO. Pencent NO, Percent

_.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

__._.Jg3:59__ go. 100.0 1GB 120.0 _26 IOO.0._116 100-0 -
Church 20 10.0 12 11.1 7 9.2 '1 6.3
Court or Police 31 15.5 lb .1310 16 2140 1 6.3
School 332 51;.156 5.118 36 1.1.1: 10 62.1%--
Social Agencies 35.' 17.5 18 15_7 1D 18.h 3 18.2fi.

 

Others 12 6.0 8 7.4 _3 .3L9 1 6.3

 

 

89

. TABLE 5C
DIVISION OF OPINION CCNCEFNING NREPE To ADVISE TEE PARENTS OF A SCHOOL
ACE CHILD WHO IS HAVING TROUBLE IN SCHOOL AND GETTING OUT ON
CONTROL AT NINE TO GO FOR HELP; BASED URCN NUMBER IN NOUSEROLD
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND DEUCENTACES)

 

 

-— .— --—-— -——-—--- -- ——.-.——-—o—-—- _.-- .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘_Cfi€:Ff€§ ‘*’ Six—Ten ”‘“‘”‘

SOURCE OP HELP No. Percent No. Percent No. FORCEDE.._
TOTAL 200 ICO.C 161 IOO.O 39 .100.0
Church. - 20 _l0.0 15 9.3 5 12.8
Court or Police 31 lfgfifldfilfl.i 8 Eli
School 1g; ##51LO ,6 3,u 16 MIL0
Socielfgencies 4'15 17.; 26 L1 3 21.1
Others 12 6.0 11 6.9 l 2.6

 

TABLE 55

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNINC NNBPE TO ADVISE TEE PARENTS OF A SCHOOL
AGE CHILD WHO IS HAVING TROUBLE IN SCHOOL AND GETTING OUT OF
CONTROL AT HOME TO CO FOR HELP; BASED UPON RELIGION
(EXPRESSA IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTACES)

 

--———-.—---

 

Protestant UREWSTI'E-"" Jefi'" --
SOURCE OF HELP No. Percent NO. Percnet Jo. Percent W0. Percent

 

TOTAL goo 100.0 l<6 IO0.0 .38 100.0 6 IC0.0

#4:

 

 

 

 

 

Church 20 10.o 8 6.1 12 31.6
Court or Polipe 31 15.5 22 17 B _;3 7.9 1 léLZ."
School 102 #:l,C 92 59.0 JC 26.3
Social Agencies 35 17.: 16.7 6 15.8 3 50.0“

 

 

25
Others 12 6.0 J 1.9 2 ‘___18.LL 2 q') q

TABLE 56

 

 

 

 

9C)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DIVISION OR OPINION CONCERNING WHERE TO ADVISE TW APARE NTS OR A SCHOOL
AG. C IIID WHO IS HAVING TROUBLE IN SCHOOL AND GETTING OUT OF
C NTPOL AT _'TG E TO TO TOP HELP; BASED UP ON EDUCATI N
(m ME STD IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)
~ -------——~..mt..—-—~ -- ~- r—S—s.:“:AO—~1r-AI.RR—r:;;;
SOURQ; CF EFLP No, Pefgent No. Percent No Percent No. Pe1'cent
TOTAL 200 100.0 3b 113.0 113 IOO.O 35:, IOT.C
thrch 20 10.0 6 17.73 9 _5.0 5 9.h
Court or Police .21 15.5 h 13:8 _}8 _ 1539 9 17,0
gghocl 103 451.0 1O :O.L 68 60.2 2G bS.2
5 Ci 1 Agencies 35 17 5 12 3; 2 12 19,6 11 2OL§___
OtIler 312 6.0 2 5.9 6 5.1 _h 2.6
TABLE 57
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING N:IEPP TO ADVISE TEE PARENTS OF A SCHOOL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AGE CHII D L'HO IS HAVING TROUBLE IN SCHOOL Am GETTING OUT OP
CONTROL AT NONE TO GO POP HELP; BASED UPON OCCUPATION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AL PERCENTAGES)

_— .v-._ — PPHPfeaM NOD-WOEEMCTEFfCRI Ahd'

SOURCE OF HELP No. Percent Occupation; Earners Professional
No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent
TQEAL3" 200 100.0 79 100.0 .20 19030 A31 100;- _
Church 20 10.0 33 3.8 1b 15.6 A3 9L?
qurt 9r Polige____33l_33l§,fi_ 11 13.9 ll 12.2 9 29.0
Schoul 122 51.0 f9 6},23__53____£Z3§, 9 29.0
S333 Ml. 3r 0165 35 1235 9 11.u 19._ 21.1 z_f 72.6
Other 12 6.0 6 2.6 3 .3.3 3 .9.ZAH-

 

"' Includes Deogle iDAgriculture, Tr
DOmestic, S.nl PerSO.al SerVIce.

Ode ,

TransportatIJT,

In‘uetrf-S,

91
QUESTION SIX

Does Jackson have any of the following?
Jackson does not have a Children's Guidance Center, or
a State Hospital, or a County Health Department, but does

have all of the other agencies listed in the question.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 58
NAME OF AGENCY YES NO I DON'T KNQW
Children's Guidance Center 56 68 76
Council of Social Agencies 97 42 61
State Hospital 57 129 34
Michigan Children's Aid 117 59 44
Family Service ‘ 102 39 59
Goodwill Industries 143‘ 34 55
Bureau of Social Aid 119 34 47
County Health Department 113 47 40

On this question FAMILY SERVICE ranked fifth according
to community knowledge with more people being able to give
a correct answer about the Bureau of Social Aid, Goodwill

Industries, Michigan Children's Aid and State Hospital.

92
QMESTION'SEVEN

"If a friend asked you to tell what a social case-
worker does, what would you say?"

Tabulations of this question are reported in Tables
60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, and 69. These Tables
show that 99 or 49.5% of the interviewees thought of a
social caseworker as an investigator; 41,0r 20.5%, thought
of a social caseworker as someone giving help with personal,
social, and family problems; and 24, or 12% of the inter-
viewees, did.not know what a social caseworker was; while
11, or 5.5%, thought of social workers as "snoopers". The
Tables show that 117, or 58.5% of the people interviewed,
thought in terms of investigation or questioning while only
58, or 29%, had any realization of the help given by case-
workers and even this group often thought in terms of some

welfare agency rather than of a profession.

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 59
OPINION OF SOCIAL WORKERS PERCENTAGE NUMBER ‘_
Aids in personal adjustment 2,6 4
Answers_persona1 questions Q35fi 1
Asks questions 5;Q_ 6
Church worker who gives _
baskets to the3poor 035;. 1
1

Einds homes for people 0.5,}

 

TABLE 59 (Cont'd)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

330PINI0N OF SOCIAL'WORKERS PERCENTAGE NUMBER
Gives help with fersonal,

Social and Familngroblems 20.5 41
Gives Welfare Orders 1.0 2
Helps People who need it 1,0 2
Investigator 49.5 993
Just anothergjeb 0:5 31
‘ggpr man's_psychiatrist Q95 1
Red Cross'Worker J;fii_ l
Sghool Attendance Officer 0.5 1
Snoops around 5.5 11
Solicits money fer fihe '

Cpmmunity Chest _3 0.5 1
Worker at the "

Bureau of Social Aid 1.0 2
Worker in the Juvenile FF -

gaunt 0.5 1
I Don't Know 12.0 24

 

Compiled together under Gives Help are: Aids in per-

 

sonal adjustment, Answers personal questions, Finds homes
fer people, Gives help with personal, social, and family
problems, Gives welfare orders, Helps people who need it,

and Poor man's psychiatrist; under Snoops around or asks

 

Questions are: Asks questions, and Snoops around; under
Others are: Church worker'who gives baskets to the poor,
Just another job, Red Cross worker, School attendance

officer, Solicits money for the Community Chest, Worker

at the Bureau of Soc 131 Aid, Worker in the Juvenile

Court, and I don't know.

94

TABLE 60

95

THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF WORK DONE BY A
SOCIALHORKER; BASED UPC! AGE

' OPINION OF
SOCIAL WORKER

1'ng ‘

Gives Help

,Invcstiggtor
Snoops Around

Ask: Questions

Other:

 

 

(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAoss)

 

 

No. ngccgt iNo. Percent

200
52
99
17
52

 

21-55; 55-19

100.0 :9 100.0 77

26.0 12 20.5 17

49.5 _5} 52.9 40
8.5 6 10.2 7
16.0 8 15.6 15

TABLE 61

50-100

N33 Percent No. Percent

100.0 64 100.0
22.1 _25 _ 5532
52.0 g§_ 40.6

9.1 4 6.5
16.8 11 17.2

THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF WORK DONE BY A

$00 IALHCRKER; BASED UPON INCOME
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OPINION OF 8500 32999 55000 - Up
SOCIAL HORKER No. Percent No. Porcggt No. Ecrccnt
TOTAL 200 4190.0 .199 100,0 101 100.0

. Gives Help _152 2639, .34 34.5 18 1Z.8
_Invcatigltor 99 42.5 44 44.4 55, 54.4

Sn00pc around

Ask. Questions 3312 8.5 h 4.1 15 12.9
fill-101‘. 3 )2 6.0 1 1 02 1: 11‘09

 

 

vvvvv

.....

.....

.....

.....

ooooo

96

TABLE 62
THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF BONE DONE BY A
SOCIALNORKER; BASSED UPON SEX
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“OPINION or L m1. Fehle
3001A; WORKER ‘fififlg, flaggent No. Percent No.» Percent
TOTAL vggg; 100.0 68 100.0 152 100.0
Gm. 11.12 52 26.0 511 50.0 18 15.6
InVCCt $E§QI 99 #9., I; 16 o 2 88 660 Z
Snoops Around
Ask! Qgegtione 11, 8.5 11 16.2 6 4.5
‘Qggpr <52 16.0 12 11.6 20 15.2
TABLE 65

THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF WORK DONE BY A
SOCIALHORKER; BASED UPON RACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUNBERS AND PEROMAGES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W
OPINION 0F . Canon-inn Non-Cuuoaoinn
SOCIAL WORKER #30. Percent No. Percent No. Percent

TOTAL A 4 20° W 415 mp 2: 100,0

am- Help 5?- M 45 25.7 7 28.0

Innsuggoor 99 49.5 99 51A 9 16.0

Snoops Around

_ Aoko Qgeetiono 17 8.5 _14 8.9;i 5 12.0

 

.2220?! A 32 16.0 26* 14.9 6 - 25.0

 

m 75'" “'1 ’T
J o‘ “in“! _‘ ~L

TNT

97

WIVISIDN OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF WORK DONE BY A

SOCIAL WORKER; BASED UPON BIRTEZPLACE
(man In WEEDS AND PERCENTAGEs)

 

 

 

 

“"CBINIDN or ‘

SOCIAL WORKER NO. Percent NOL Percent

33.6138 0 n C 011111 3" V. 1' c. HIE-BE 513155158; RI 671‘."

NoliPercent NO."2§rcent

 

 

 

 

 

TQEAL 200 100.0 106 100.0 b1 100.0 53 100.0
Gives Help 52 26.0 .3D 2.1 11 2§IB_M”7 -1332LII_
113.983.112111: __i.9.__-_52,.5_-__;’>1_.-__i? E 11:. 3L1.2 2H “5.3
Snoops Around
;g§§_ggg§}10ns 12_ 8.5 h 3.8 ‘3 _AY.3 10 18.9
Others 32 16.0 ”r z 6.6 13 11.7 12 22.6

 

TABLE 65

THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCEENING THE KIND OF WORK DONE BY A

SOCIAL WORKER; BASED UPON MARITAL STATUS
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS "ND PEPCENTACIS)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SGfiEfBIEE
OPINION CF Married Widowed-Divorced Single
SOCIAL WCFKER NQL#PEBCEHT NO. Percent NO, Perennt NO, Egrcent
TOTAL 200 100.0 108 100.0 76 100-0 16 100.0
Gives Help 62 24.0 .3h 31,5 13 12.1 5 .31.;
Igeetigatar 9.3 1945 <1 1.12.2 M 52L6 8 59.0
Snoops Around
Asks Questions I? 8.5 2 3L9 1U 13.“ 1 6.3
OthOIB ‘32 15.0 21 19.h- 9 11.9 2 12 L

 

. TABLE 66
THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND 01" WORK DONE BY A
SOC IALHORKER; BASED UPON HOUSEHOLD
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGEs)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OPINION 01" - One-Five ' Six-Ten
SOCIAL WORKER (N9. Eegggnt N9. Percent NO. Percent
TOTAL M4; 161 100.0 359 mam
Give Help 52 ~ 26.0 59 25.2 15 15.1 -
Investigator 99 49.5 86 53.4 15 §§I§
Snoops Around
Asks Questions 1: 8.5 8 5.0 _9_ 25.1
Others 52 16.0 28 11.4 '4 10.§
TABLE 67

THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE mm or HORN DONE BY A
SOCIALHORKER; BASED UPON RELIGION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGEs)

“

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

_ OPINION 0F _ Protestant Catholic Jew ‘ _
‘__8001AL WORKER No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent
TOTAL ' 200 100.0 156 100.0 58 100.0 6 100.0
Investigator 99 49.5 84 955.9 I} 5#.2._ 2 55.2
Snoops Around
Asks Questions 17 8,2 10 6.“ 6 1§38 I 16.1

 

 

_chers 52 _;§,0 25 __lh°7 8 21,0 1 16.z

 

 

.I.‘.ill{!v"‘l' lili 1 1‘ Fifi

.....

««««

.....

.....

.....

 

99

TABLE 68
THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF BONE DONE BI A
SOCIALHORKER; BASED UPON EDUCATION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGEs)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

College High School Eighth
OPINION OP _ Grade
300 WORKER ere N . Percent No. Pergggt_¢Ng, Percent
TQIAL 200 100.0 #fih 100.0 11) 100.0 ‘5§» 100.0‘
Gives Help 52 26.0 '_§ 1h.7 26 25.0 21 59.6'
Inwestiggtor .99 69.5 15 38.2 66 A58.h 20 457.8
Snoops Around ' ‘
Asks Questions 17 8.5 6 17.7 h 515 I 15-2
£32m ' 52 119.10 10 29A 1:! 15.1 9 9.4
TABLE 69 .

THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE KIND OF WORK DONE BY A
SOCIALNORKEB; BASED UPON OCCUPATION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND'PERCENTAGES)

Varied Nondiege Clerical and

 

 

 

 

 

OPINION OF Occupations' Esrners Professional
SOCIAL HORKER Hg, Percggt N2. Percent No,.Percent N0. Percent
T A 200 .0 79 100.0 29 100.0 :1 : 100,0
Ozzes 5012 1 52 26.9 g: 22.] 2] 21.5 15, 2§;Q_
W 99 49.1 54 45.1 51 60- In 55.0
Snoops Around
Legs Questions 12 §.§ § 19.1 h 4.4 5 - 16,0

 

.219». 32 46.2 14 17.7 11 12.2 7 125.0

QUESTION EIGHT

"What education do you think a social caseworker

should have?"

100

The lowest amount of formal education given was having

finished the eighth grade, the highest was seven years of

college, the average amount of training thought to be

necessary was two years of college.

The requirement for

a qualified social worker at Family Service is a two years

master degree from an approved school of social work.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 70

EDUCATION

NEEDED BY SOCIAL WORKER NUMBER PERCENT
7 years of college 1 0-5
M.S.W. 12 6.0
6 years of college fig 10 SIC
5 years of college 4 ZIO
4 years of college 48 24;O
5 years of college 4 2.0
2 years of college 27 15.5
1 year of college 10 5.0
l;year of Business College 1 0.5
l2th_grade 48 2249
lpth_grade 6 5.0
9th grade 3 1.5
8th grade 1 0,5

 

101

TABLE 70 (CONT'D)

 

 

 

EDUCATION

NEEDED BY SOCIAL WORKER NUMBER PERCENT
Don't know 17 8-5
Doesn't matter if the heart if right 4 2‘9

 

Not much of any education, anyone can '
do social work 4 2.9

102!

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING EDUCATIONAL TRAINING FOR A
SOCIAL WORKER (EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

TABLE 71
BASED UPON AGE

 

 

ED U GET ION EMBED
BY SOCIAL WORKER

Ivéléjh
No; Peggggt No. Percent

35-39 50~100

N2, Percent NO. Pegggnt

 

TOTAL 200 130.0 59 100.0 27 100.0 5h IOQLO
Graduate Study 2? _l3.5 8 13,5 10 l3.0_*j2,_ TELL

 

 

Some College or Daggee

High School or Less

 

90 us.o 25 Math 36 E6.9_ 29 “513

83, b1,5 26 bh.l 431 hO.1 26 bC.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 72
BASED UPON INCOME
EDUCATION NEEDED ' “ ‘“"‘""$SUC:$2999'"” $BOUOZC§“‘:::
BY SOCIAL WORKER N0. Percent NO. Percent No. Percent
TOTAL 200 130.0_ 423. IOQ,O 101 100.0
~raduste §_uiy 22‘__13L5 11 11:1 16 15.8
Some College or Degree 90 “5,0 bl hllh- h? U8L5.
Hiph_sggggiggg_;ges 83s u1.5. O7 bzIS ,_35 35.?
TABLE 73
BASED UPON RACE
*’E;:CET‘UN‘NEEDBD "“’“‘Oaucasfan ‘Ndfizczfiflsi “"
B SOCIAL WQREER No.;Percent NoLchrcegt N3. Peggent
_I___EEEEJL__ 200 100.0 125 100.0 25, 10010
_anduate Study, 22 13,5 12 10.8 8 #32.0 __
Some College or Degree 90 h5.0 81 b§L2_ 97 _36.0 _

 

 

fligh School or Legg

BE, Ulgfi 25, h2.9 8 432.0

DIVISION OF OP
SOCIAL WORKER (EXP?

Irvfrx
.LAA \.L -'J

 

‘”EOUCNIRNIIUEDNO

 

BY SOOIRL WORKER

—— --———

TABIE 7b
BASED UPON SEX

2103

N C'ONCRRNI NC EDUCATIOFLAL TRAIN NO FOR A
:SED IN NUMBERS AND PirRCENTAOEs)

 

NO,_Percent

""NEIB

 

NoiiPercent

 

Female

No. Percent

 

 

 

 

 

 

TCTAB_ 200 100.0 68___IOC.O 132 100.0
Graduate Study 27 lefi 9 13:3 18 13.5 ___
Some College or Degree 490 h‘.o 33' UBtj, 457 “3.2
Hiah_§ghool or Less 83, u1.5, 26 _38.2 52 u3.2

TABLE 75
”U*f? UPON BIRTHPLACE
” EDUCATION NEEDED '_"“'”“" JacksOn County MIC KIM MIC
BY SOCIAL WORKER No. Percent City and County Michigan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

No. .Percent NO. Percent No .Percent
TOTAL 200 100.0 106 100.0 hi 100.0 53 loggg
Graduate Study 27 13.5 13 12,3 _27 _lzgl Z Ilgg
Eggs eCollcge or Degree 99__ 45,0 68 6Q,1 lb BHL;_ 22__&1L5
High School Or Less BB Obl.‘ 25 23.5 29 DBL? 2h 45.3
“LE 76
BASED UP NA NLARITAL STATUS
—' ‘"S駀fatei ‘ ‘“

EDUCATION WIEDED

Married Widowed—Divorced Single

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BY SOCIAL MORKER NO. Percent_No, Percent No. Percent Ng, Percggt
TOTAL -200 100.0 108 190.0 76 100.0 16 100.0
Graduate Study 27 13.5 15, 13,9 12 __.8
Some College or Degree 20 bfi.O _UZg “3.5, “O. €2.6 #3 18.8
Hibh School or Less 83 uiig us h2.6 2h 31,6 13, 81L2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

104
DIVISION CF CI NION ”ICPTNING EDUCATIONAL TRAI*ING FOR A
SOCIAL WORKER (EXPRESSED IN NLNBERS AND PERCENTAGES )
TABL E 77
BASED UPONI aIICION
TEDUCATT N‘NNJODD‘““—"‘““"“““}SBLeeLapt Ca+LoIIc ‘NIEN"‘"’
__BY SCCTWL WORKER NgL_Percent NO. Percent.” N21 Percent No._Percent

TOTAL 200 100.0 1;§,.IO0.0 ._38 1OO.O 6 109.0
gra - duate Study 22. 11L5-- leé-B 6 15.8 1 1QL6
Some College or Degree 90 h§.O ___ZZW7”Q6.8 1P “fic.8 3, .jQLO
High School or Less 83 b1,§_ é}, ROLD 18 bYLN 2 ~331h

TABL E 78

BASED UPON HOUS rICL

 

-__..———— -

EDUCATI ON NEEDED

-.—

Six éTen

 

"UheéFi?e

 

 

 

 

 

 

PY SOCIAL WOPKPR NDL_EETC9Pt N3. Percert NO. Percent
TOTAL _ 200 10C.O 151 159.0 C 39- IOCLQ
Graduate Stugg 27 13.5 18 11.2 9 A},
Some C: liege or Degree 90 #5.0 - 76 QYLZ 1h _Z§.9
High School or Less 83_ b1.5, 67 bl.6 16 b1.0
TABLE 79

BASED UPON EDUCATICN

 

 

*m ' KTIONNLEDND

 

COFOPFFY‘O'PFFOI‘Ei'gIIEK Grade

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BY SOCIAL WOPYE _" No. Percent No. Percent NOL Percent NOL_P:Icent
TOTAL 2_Q.lO0.0 43h. 100.0 113 1CG.3 3 100.0
Graduate StuQx_._.‘_fi_ 22. 13.5_mu_§- 17;6 19 15,9 2, 3.8

Some College or Degree 490 55.0 lb él,§___fléu_“59;§__u39«"-5§4§fi
Eith School or loge e},wygij;w_;y_w_y;.2 98 L2.5 21 39.6

 

105

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING EDUCATIONAL TRAINING FOR A
SOCIAL WOPKER (EXPRESSED IN NUHPFRS AND PEPCENTACZS)
TABLE 80

BASED UPON OCCUPATION

 

 

 

 

 

Varied NonQTage 'Elerical and

EDUCATICN NEEDE“ Occupations‘ Enrners Professiznal
FY 8991;} TOFFEE No, Percent Hp4wf§§gggj_§gd Percent No1 Percent
TOTAL _ggo 190.0 429 ICC.O 90 100.0 431 lOO.Q_
Ezaiaq-te S tasty. 2? 13.5 5 64.9. -_ .3949..- .13.-..ég_2_.9_

 

ETE_Q9}}££§.EI.DS£Z§S’_..9.O___55-0 31: 113.0 A? 52.2 9 29.0=

 

High School or IEEE 83‘ h1;5¥ ho 50.2 IBM 37;? 9 £559.

 

" Includes people inAgriixsulture, Trade, Transportation, Industries.
Domestic, ani Personal SPTViCe.

196
QUESTION NINE

"If you had a hundred dollars ($100) you were giving
to three of Jackson's social agencies, to which ones wou1d
you give? How much to each one?"

Thirty-four different agencies and groups were given
as the answer to this question. In answer to the first
part of the question, the Salvation Army was listed the
most number of times, and was followed by the Red Cross

and the Crippled Children's Society. FAMILY’SERVICE was

 

listed twelfth preceded by Salvation Army, Red Cross,
Crippled Children's Society, Cancer Society, St. Joseph

Hone for Boys, Club for the Blind, Tuberculosis Association,
Junior Dorcas Society, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and the

Day Nursery, and was followed directly by the Y.T.C.A.

The second half of the question, "How much to each
one?" gave a variety of divisions of the one hundred
dollars. One hundred sixteen, or 58%, of the interviewees
divided the money equally between three agencies for thirty-
three and one-third dollars to each. Forty-six, or 25%,
gave fifty dollars to one agency and twenty-five dollars to
two others. Fourteen, orafl%, wanted to have the one
hundred dollars divided equally among the fifteen agencies
of the Community Chest to give six dollars and sixty—seven

cents to each agency. Four,or 2%, gave thirty-three

107

dollars to two agencies, and thirty-four dollars to one;
four gave thirty dollars, twenty dollars and fifty dollars;
four gave thirty to two and forty to one; four gave thirty-
five to two and thirty to one. Three, or 1.5%, gave eighty
dollars to one and ten dollars each to two others. Two, or
1%, wanted to give entirely to individuals rather than to
agencies; two gave seventy—five dollars to one, fifteen
dollars to one and ten dollars to one. One,or .5%, gave
seventy-five, twenty and five dollars to three different
agencies.

The following Table number 81 shows the tabulations

of the amounts given to each agency.

TABLE 31 108

DIVISICN or THE $20,000 WHICH WOULD EE GIVEN BY 200 FAMILIES
To ANY THREE SOCIAL AGEN IE5 VOULD EE AS ECLICES:
(EXPRESS ED IN DOLLAPS AND PEECEETACES )

__ 0. ”‘- ‘_

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NEE; or AGENCY A~_ AMDUET To DE egtgn PEECEETECE
TCTEL $70,000 ___ 103,9
SaIV2tion Army ~._ “1 1* “
fled Crossw__ 2Lg§2__ 31.h
C:iL:led CPildrenst Societv 2,058 lui3
Canc er Society llth .3
S}, Joseph HD:§_§9r Boys ..--,“._.u _ 1,292 6.5
glyp_for the Blind . 1.121 A5,6
gflgcrc ulo m} ssvjcwi tion 9&1 ' ll.2
Junior D rc_§'s Society 819 U.l
Bo:_§90uts _ 582 2L9
_gjrl Scouts_- _ 53L 2.
Day Nursery #39 2”:
FAMILY STEVICE E91 2.b
Y.W.C.A. U57 2.
Friendly Home 339 2.0
Florence Crittenton Homg_ 399 2.0
Mercxpflosnital ‘BZD 1.8
St Vincgnt De Paul .3h9 1L7
Goodwill Industries pghi 1L5
County Home 257 113

 

Needlewgfk Guild 231 1,2

Ti‘rBL-E 8L QUIT ITCIIED

109

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

rN‘IME OF AGENCY TEMOUIiTflTO BE GIVEN PEPCENTTEGE
Pureau of Social Aid $22M 1,1
Individuals Who Eeedflfielo 22b 1.1
Eggreation Council D?“ 1.1

Y .14 LC ,1... 21;; 1 . O
§£arr Commonwealth 211 1,0
Lloyd George Home 4191 .3

Odd Fellows Home 159 ,8
Juvenile Home 158 .8
Public Library 15? .8
Foote Hosrital 157 _,8 ‘__
Church Groups 15 L8
Alcoholich Anonxmaus _mfiml“°‘__ .7
Egglth Department lh9‘ L2
Women's Club 1&9 .7

 

QUESTION TEN 110

"If you were giving one hundred dollars ($100 to
three Community Chest agencies you think are the most
helpful in Jackson, to which of the following would
you give?

A study of this question showed that the Crippled
Children's Society was listed the most number of times,
having ninety-five votes, with the Club of the Blind
being second, and the Salvation Army third. FAMIEY
SERVICE was eighth, being preceded by the Crippled
Children's Seeiety, Club for the Blind, Salvation Army,
St. Joseph Home for Boys, Boy Scouts, Day NUrsery, and
Michigan Children's Aid Society, and followed'by Mercy!
Hospital, Florence Crittenton Home, Recreation Council,
Y.M.C.A., Girl ScOuts, Y.W.C.A., and the Council of
Social Agencies.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 82 fig
AGENCY PERCENTAGE _ ._ DQ.LIAR$__ - ._
‘TOTAL _fi 100,0 0., _ $600,
Boy Scouts 8:5 51.
Club for the Blind 15.0g_ 90:
Crippled Children's Society 15.7 95.

Council of Social Agencies

Day Nursery 6.5 39:
FAMILY SERVICE 5.0 50:
Florence Crittenton Home 4.0 24.

TABLE 82 CONTINUED

111

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AGENCY PERCENTAGE DOLLARS
Girl Scouts 2.0 $12.
Recreation Council 3.5 21.
Mercy'Hospital 4.0 24.
hichigan Children's Aid 6.0 56.
Salvation Army» 14.5 87.
St. Josgph Home for Boys 11.2 67.
‘Y.M.C.A. 5.0 18.
Y.W.C.A. 2.0 6.

 

112

QUESTION ELEVEN

Tabulation of question eleven shows that fifty-eight,
or 29%, of the answers were that counseling in family and
personal problems is the service given by'a Family Smévice
Agency; forty-nine, or 25.5%, did not know what services
were given; and thirty-nine, or 19.5%, thought housing was
the major function of the agency; while twenty-one, or 10. 5%,
said.the giving of food, clothing, and financial aid was the

main Objective.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 85

SERVICE GIVEN PERCENTAGE NUMBER
Budget help 8.0 16
Counseflng in Family and
Personal Prdblems 29.0 58
Famil Laundry ' 0.5 1 Ag
Gives food, clothing, and
financial aid 10.5 21
Guidance for girls in '
trouble ' 0.5 1
Help Where Children are '
not wanted 2.0 4
Help with illness 1.5 3
-Rousing 19.5 59
I don't know 24.5 49
Information on birth control 0.5 1
.Not much of any service 1.5 5
NUrsing or home care ' 1,0 2
WorE'Thflf"§fibfiifi*fi€“fidfie’by a '
Rabbi, Priest, or Minister 1,0 2

 

..Ivll. l. ll'llllala’ JIIII .

 

115
Tabulation of question eleven, which asked, "What

services do you think are given by a Family Service Agency?",
appears in Tables 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, and 92 on

the following pages.

The services given are condensed under the following

headings: under Counseling, Guidance, or Information are

 

Budget help, Counseling in family and personal problems,
Guidance for girls in trouble, Help where children are not
wanted, Information on birth control, and Work that should

be done by a rabbi, priest, or minister; under Help of a

 

Financial or Service Type are Gives food, clothing, and
financial aid, Help with illness, Nursing or home care;
under Others are Family laundry, Housing, I don't know,
Not much of any service.

From this question it is evident that, of the people
who knew of Family Service, most had sufficient information
concerning the agency. However, there are still too many
Awho do not have enough information that is reliable or
dependable. They should be informed more accurately

through an expanded program of public relations.

1114-

TABLE 84
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING NHAT SERVICES ARE GIVEN BY A
RAMILI SERVICE AGENCY; BASE D UPON RACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

W
W

21-54 55-h? 55-100
SEBEIQE QIZEH Hgthercenti No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent

 

 

 

 

 

19111 200 190.0 59 4190.0 71. 100.0 64 .100.0
Counleling, Guidance
g;_1n£gzngtion, 82 _51 29 49:2 25 r_521gw_28 #5.?
Help of a Financial
{gz_§2;11gggTvne. _g5 13 L9 15.2 I 9.1 10 12.6
Qghere 99: 46 21 22.6145 _55-4 26 40.5
TABLE 85

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING NEAT SERVICES ARE GIVEN BY A
FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY; BASED UPON INCOME
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

 

“ MI I;

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. 3500:;2 35555.0p
SERVICE GIVEN No. Percent No. Percent NoggPercent
TQZAQ * 200 199,9 99 199.9 191 199,0
Counseling, Guidance .
or Information fi2_ 41A 47 47.5 55.f§§£§__
Help of a Financial .-
or Service hype A _gé 15 15 £54 1} " 12.2

 

Others 9gp, 45, 39 59.h 55 52.5_

llfi

Tn BLE 86
DIVISICI if OPINIJN CCNCERNING WHHT SEPVICES APE GIVEN BY’A
FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY; BASED UPON RACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

 

 

~ ‘¢_._‘._—_ _..—— _“n—v
‘ofl‘o——————-—--—. --..--—- _

 

 

"I-o

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘Céidé‘agi‘fim ‘ z ’ TSTEICQIEEES iafi”
3'31le C E G 1V1?“ No LEEZ‘§.QEL_._JIQ-..I:‘3;ILC_€§L._- 132;. 22:99:29:
.I___“29251 _I ZOQ._IQQIO 175 lQQ 0 £5 109.0
Counseling, Guidance
Q£_Infg§n§£inn 82 b1.0 #21 +3.6 11 hhco
H313 of a Financial
2:: £91319: .T;x:9_¢_._ 2:6 13 Lo 23 13.1 3 1 2. 0
Others ..-..422-_.EQLQ.-_____EL___£6.3.m_m,_lO M4-0....
TABLE 87

DIVISION 03' OPINION CSJCERNITTG WHAT SERVICES ma arm BY A
FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY; BASED UPBN SEX
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND SSSCENTAGES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“._ EQIe Female
SERUCE GIVETE N9. Perggat. _____1‘-’.9 JS.IQQM_-* _NOIEQIQSSL
__. TOTAL 2999',]OO.O _ 68 100.0 132 IOOJO
Counseling Guidance
or Infigrmgfiion 82 L1.0 2h 35;} _58 ”__£§;2_
Help of a Financial
or Servico Type “ 26 13.0 11 15.2 15 11.h

 

 

Other 92 ’6.0 33 b8.5 <9 Lb.?

1115

TABLE 88
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERN NC WHAT SEPVICUS ARE GIVEN NY A
FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY: BASED UPON RELICION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

.- --- _—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-__ 1566665151311"""DEEHJHC" ”‘fféf‘z‘m‘

SERVICE GIVEN N9, Parcent No. PgrgqgfidfigL42ggant NQL Percent

TOTAL 20? 10910 156 100.0 #38 Inq,o _6 IQCLQ
Counseling, Guidance

or Informafiion_m 82 bl.0_ 6b bl.O 15 3T.§ 43 ~EOLQ
Help of a Financial

Cr Service @ype ”25 13.0 17 lC.2_ ZI__"17Lb 2 33‘3

Other 92 h5.0 75 ”8.1 16 t2tl_ l 16LZ

TABLE 89

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING WHAT SDPVICES APE GIVEN BY A
FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY; PASPD UPON BIRTHPLACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTACEs)

“--..—.- —--——---

 

-—-.—_.—~ C. -..—a _-

 

 

 

—f 556kSCDWC3UEEFIIHEVIESHIGUEEIHP"'
SERVICE GIVEN No. Percent Michigan
_ No. Percent ;No._§Crcent No, Percent

 

 

TOTAL 200 100.0 105 ICOLQ C1 ICC.C__53_ 10010
Cqunseling, Guifiance

or Inforfiatian 82 L1.O 58 5P1? 3_ ZQLO 15 28,}
‘Help of a Financial

or Scrvice Tyge 2 l3.0 11___10.b 8 19.5, 2, 13,2

 

Other 92 b6.0 3? UBUIE, 2L 5395”_3I 58L1_

117’

TABLE 93
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING NEAT SB? VICES ARE GIVEN BY A
FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY; BASED UPON MARITAL STATUS
(EXPBBSSED IN NUMBEBS AND PERCENTAGES)

_-w—s- ——-—-—— ———.—.—.——- “—..-

 

-—-—~-—_—_—_ - _...

.. .-__.-——-..——
.-.—~—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Separated -
Married NiiowedeiVorced Single
QEEVICE GIVEN No. Percent No. Percent NO. Percent NO. FOrcent
TOTAL .1. 200 100.0 108 100.0 25 100.0 16 100.0
Counseling, Guidance -
Or Information 82 h1.0 b8 th5 ‘30 39.5, b 25.0
Help Of a Financial 1
or Service sze 26 13.0 9 8.3, 10 13.1 7 L3.7
Others 92 b6,o .51 27.2 ._36 b7.h Ji__;llgl_

~ TABLE 91
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCEBNING NEAT SEEVICES ATE GIVEN BY A
FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY; BASED UPON HOUSEHOLD
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBEPS AND PEBGENTACES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Onélfiive Six-Ten
SVVVICE IVEN No. Percent N9, Pegggng-.___flp. fiercent
TOTAL 200 100.0 161 1O0.o I32, 100.0

Counseling, Guidance .
Qgfilniggggtion, w__ 82 __P1.0 70 53,5 12 .30.?
Help of a Financial I
or Service Tyne 26 leo 7 h.3 _19 h8.Z§
Vg_geze 92 b6,o 8h 52.2 8 20.5

 

11£3
. TABLE 92
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING WHAT SERVICES ARE GIVEN BY A
FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY; BASED UPON EDUCATION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGEs)

 

 

College High School Eighth

 

 

 

 

 

SERVICE GIVEN Rn- Percent No. Perggg§_ No. Percen§_ No, Percent

‘TOTAL 200 100,9 :4 100,0 i1: 100.0 I55 A100.0
Counseling, Guidance -

‘og-Inforgtion 52 hi 9 26,5 50 44.5 21 15.4

Help of,a Financial .
or Service Type _gg 11 4 11.? 10 fi_§,§__1? 22.6I_i

. _;Q§gere 9g: A6. 21, 61.8 55 46.9 ,ISIIIIEh.o

u‘

. ~ TABLE 93

DIVISION OP OPINION CONCERNING HEAT SER VICES ARE GIVEN BY A

FAMILY SERVICE AGENCY; BASED UPON OCCUPATION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGEs)

     

, ‘NBBZ§£3;””'VCIoi13iI
,Varied Occupation‘ Earner; Professional
SERVICE GIVEN No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent go, Percent 7

 

 

TOTAL - “_ 200 100.0 79 100.0 90 100.0 )1 A190.O
Oouneeling, Guidance
, or 1nformation 82 41 28 5h.5 51 54.4 25 74.2
Help of a Financial ' i. .
or Service Type 25 15 2 2.5 17 18:9 7 _ 25.6

 

“gt-gar. ‘ 92 46 A9 62.0 1&2 A60? 1 5.2

QUESTION TWELVE

 

119

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABL 9S
DIVISION OF OPINICN CCNCEE If} 23 PEESCN Th3 IITE VIETEE ” TLD
CONETTL T V JP 1. Fr; I= ..Y PEOSLL‘Z-j 11.181123 UPC‘T I 103113
(NIPPESS 11:) IN: PRESS AN“. PEEEC _TTAGES)
““1" )7 SBGCO—Up “
INDIVIVUNL LISTED No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent _

TJTAL 20 130.0 493 10C.O 101 103.0
909“” 12 9.5 9 2.2 1O 9.9
Friend :1 12.3 137 13,1 11 10.2
Lawyer 21 10,5 12 12.1 9 819
Mailman 2 1.0 2 2.0
Minister b9 ;b_5 22 2L,3 25 2L.Z
Neighbor 2 1,0 2 2.0
Policeman b 2_o 3 3,0 l 1.0
Priest 3L 1L0 12 11, 2 12 16.3
Relative 19 9,5 8 8.1 11 10.
Stranger 5 2,5 3 3,0 2 1.9
Social I-roz-z-Icr 16 8.0 3 47.0 13 12.2
Teacher 3 1L5 2 2.0 l 1.0
Wife 2 1.0 l 1.0 l 1.0

 

12C)

TABLE 95
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE PERSON THE INTERVIEwEE WOULD
CONSULT FOR A FAMILY PROBLEM; BASED UPON RACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

W

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. Caucasian Noaneueeeien
INDIVIDUAL LISTED‘ No. Percent No. Percent No. Pegggnt
192;; 200 100,0 11: 100.0 25 “v;go,o
Doctor- . '19 9.5 17 __9.? 2 8.0
‘Egiggd 2h 12.0 .25 ‘ 13.1 1 4.0
‘ngger ‘ 21‘ o .5 5 :::Ig.Q_..
, Mai 2 1,0 2 [.2 L 4.11
.3131339: 49 2%.5 59 _.gg.i h0.0
‘Egighhgr 2 1,9 2 1.2 --__
W h 2.0 . 11 12:1 LL -
.zg122g ' 54 .17.0 _54 19.h - -
Mu a; LL 9.5 16 9.1 i 12.9 ..
‘§§;§gger 5 2.5 ' 4 213 I 4.0
Socialworker 16 8.0 15 7.h 5 12.0A
Teacher 5 1.5 2 1.2 1 . ¢»h.Q _

 

Wife 2 1-0 1 015 1 “29.

TABLE 96
DIVISION OF' OPINION CONCERNING THE PERSON THE INTERVIEWEE WOULD
CONSULT FOR A FAMILY PROBLEM; BASED UPON SEX

(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCEIIIAGEs)

121

 

*
:—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. Male Female
INDIVIDUAL LISTED No. PercMo. Pereegt N931 Perm
Ion; f 200 100.0 6g 100.0 152 100.0 ‘_
Doctor 19 945 j 2.3 W .
ILL-26 2“ 1&0 MW
Layer - 2;_____19.5 8 _1_1_8_______u 5.6L
..m 2 Lo 2 ' 1.2.,
.1939» #9 24.5 11 22.; 3‘5 29.1 .
£22220" 2 L0 2 1.2..
Policemen 1! 2.0 1 I 1.5 5 2.1L,
meat )1: 311.0 In 20.6 20 12.2...
Reletive :1; 9:5 J _jerJ '12 2.L_
. 5mg: ’ 5 2.5 2 2.9 5 i 2.5
_ Miter-kn I6 8.0 j 4.4 ii 9.9
Mar 1 LA I 195 2 #142,
1g; 2 _;.o 2 2,9

 

122

TABLE 97
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE PERSON TI‘E IN'T'EEVIEWE‘Z WCTTID
CCNSULT FOR A FPMILY PROBLEM; RASRD UPON RINTNPLACE
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PDRCENTAC ES)

D

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

—'IRDIVTDUIL’LISTLD ‘JSCRSOD Coufity MicfiIgan OutsidelMIEEIEEEV‘-
No, Percent No. Percent No._Percent .Rb. Percent
TOTAL 200 100.0 106100.11 --...51..-100.0- _.3... 100.0.-.-
.Doctor 19 9.5 13 12.3 2 “.9 h 7.5.
Friend 21-: 12.0 10 9,11 6 114.6 8 15.0
Lawyer 21 10,5 13 12L}, 2, 17.1 1 1L9
Mailman 2 1,0 1 2.h 1 1.9
Minister 139. 221.5 20 18.3 1L1 31;. 2 15 23.3
@ghbér 2 1.0 1 0.9 1 1.9
Boliceman 1+ 2.0 2 1.9 2 3.8
Priest 3’4 17.0 23 21.7 5 12. 2 6 L. 3
‘Bglative 19 9.5 12 11.3 _3 7.3 b .715
Stragger .5 2.5 i. 0.9 1 2.“ .3 .5.7
Song; W0rker16 8,0 9 8.L 2 u.9 i 9J4
Teacher 3 41.5 1 0.9 2 .3.8
Wife 2 1.0 1 0.9 1 1.9

 

2 Includes peOple born in other states and foreign countries.

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERN
CONSULT FOR A FAMILY PROBLEM; BASED UPON MARITAL SIATUS
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCEIIIAess)

TABLE 98
ING THE PERSON THE INTERVIEIEE HOULD

123

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SSEIrated
- .- . Merrled Divorced-lidowed Single
WAWQ. Percent No. Percent No. Percent No. Pergent
19:51. m 100.0 108 4010.0 J6 100.0 16 100.0
m 19 9.5 5 MW 6.}
m 2h 13.0 10 9.5 17.1 1 6.5
Mar 21 10,: 15 13.9 6.6 1 6.5
flung 2 A 1 0.9 1.5
Mar 49 211.5 52 29.6 18.1: 3 18.7
Neglghbgg 2 1.0 1 0.9 1.5
20110013211 4 2.0 2 1.9 2.6
meet 54 ' 11.0 22 20.4 11.8 5 18.7
Relative 19 9.5 8 7.11 10.5 3 18.7
Mg 5 2.5 1 0.9 11.0 ”1 6.)
Soculworker 16 8.0 9 8.5 6.6 2 12.5
Mr 5 1.5 2 1.9 1 6.5
5g; 2 1.0 2.6

 

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE PERSON THE INTERVIEHEE VOULD

TABLE 99

124:

CONSULT FOR A FAMILY PROBLEM; BASED UPON MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLD

(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

One-Five SixiTen

INDIVIDUAL LISTED No. Pereegtv Ne. Percent No, Pereggt

TOTAL 200 190.0 161 100.0 59 100.9
Doctor fifi19 9.5 AAIA 8.1 .5 12.8
mad 2!: 12.0 21 15.0 5 7.7
Luger 21 10.5 18 11.2 5 _ 7.7
Hitlmln 2 1.0 1 0.6 1 2.6
2.1.2.1.“ or 49 241.5 59 21.2 10 21.6
Mor 2 1,0 1 0.6 4 2.6
201163;; A 2.0 5 1.2 1 2.6
2:129 L911 - 17.0 29 219.0 5 13_,_a___
52.19.21" 119 - 9.5 .12 9.) 4' 4.9.23.—
I§§£ggggr _5 2.5 h 2.5 1 _2.6
Seeielworkor 16 8.0 12 8.1 5 __ 1.7

eeeher 5 _;.5 2 1;} :17 2.6
wire 2 1.0 1 0.6 1 2.6

 

..l -... 11$]!

..I‘ ‘ll II. li‘l.lv1il‘ I: ll! liidi—i1 Ifflllllll. «Illl \ .I- ‘I J.) u EEK!” I

n I I
........
.

..............
.

TABLE 100

125

DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE PERSON THE.INTERVIE'EE WOULD
CONSULT FOR A FAMILY PROBLEM; BASED UPON RELIGION
(EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

INDIVIDUAL LISTED

Protestant

 

. Catholic Jew
No. Pereegt No. Percegt No. Peroeg} No. Percent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MAL 200 106.0 156 JWm.o 6 100.0
Doctor .19 9.33 16 19,3; ' 4 34* 2 55.2
mgnd 211 12.9 g: 15.7 1 16.1
km" 21 19.5 19 12.2 1 12.61_;___1_§_,1
,MA 2 1,0 2 1.5
'yggieter 49 24.§F_ h9_ A51.#

‘Ngéghbor 2 41,0 2 l3?
Ponce-an h 2.0 I; 2.6
.1120“ 511 11.0 Jh 89.6 1
Matt" 19 9.5 1‘ 1o. 1 2.6 1 16.7
. Stung..- 5 2.1 5 5.2
Socialibrker Léw 8.0 ;§ 8.9 l_w, 2.6 L_____;é;1.
Touche? 5 .__l25 5 *l99
11;: 2 1.0 2 Ag

 

I'll‘ I I‘ll. 1" lll'll‘ ‘V ‘ I
‘III-IIIIII‘ ellll

.l 1 l . . ill. Ill. {[1111 |

I {I‘ll- I’II'II \III

..............

0000000

126

TABLE 101
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE PERSON THE INTERVIENEE WOULD
CONSULT FOR A FAMILY PROBLEM; BASED UPON EDUCATION
(EXPRESSED. IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

College High School Eighth
EDELDQAL LISTED No.1ercent No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent
10m, ' 200 100.0 111' 100.0 112 100.0 55 100.0
29.2321 19 9.5 3 8.8 6 5.) 10 18.8
mg 21} 12.0 1.5 58.2 40 8.8 g 1.9
Met LJOJ i 8.8 12 10.6 6 11.}
1141;; 1:0 '1 .9 1 1.9
Mater 49 2A.:- 6 17.1 56 51.8 1 15.2
Neighbor 2 _;.0 2 _1.8 A
Policeman 4 2.0 5 8.7 1 1.9
Prieet )4 11.0 7 20.6 16 1h.2 11 A 20.8
32.1.2112" 19 9J 12 10.6 7 15.2
mar 5 2. 5 1 2.1 2 3.8
Socialworker “41:6 8.0 1 2.9 10 8.8 5 ' 9.4
Mar 1 1.5 1 2.9 1 :9 1 1.9
we #0 1 .9 1 1.9

 

127

EMBLE 102
DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING THE PERSON THE INTERVIEWEE WOULD
CONSULT FOR A FAMILY PROBLEM; BASED UPON OCCUPATION
(EXPRESSED IN NUN 338 AND PERCENIACEs)

 

__ m.-— “M

zw—--

Véried Non—Wage CIefEIEI End
Occupations ‘ Earners Professional
.NO- Percggt EQ. Eezgent No. Peggent

 

 

 

-..-_-

 

 

.IIEQIYZQEAEILI§TED N0. Percent

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

. .TQE‘IL-w _.- 20.0 100. 0 .. .29....190D..___90._m.n_.31.1m.0
Doctor 19 9.5 _42 8;§_ 10 11.1 2___flé.5
Friend 2H 12.0 13 16.h 8 8,9 .3. _3.7
Lawyer 21 10.5 6 7.6 lb 15.6 1 3.2
Mailman 2 1.0 l 1.3 1 1.1
Minister O9 29.5 16 20.2 28 31.1 5 16.1
Neighbor 2 1.0 1 1.3 1 13.2
Policeman h 2.0 l 1.3 2 2.2 1 ._3.2
Priest 3h fiEZdQ.....9 11.2 19 21.1 6 I9.h
Relative 19 9.5 12 15.2 2 2.2 5 16.1
Stranger 5 2.5 3 '3.8 2 6.5
Social Worker 16 8.0 8 10.1 b b.5 h 12.9
Teacher 3 1.5 l 1.3 1 1.1 1 3,2
Rife 2 1.0 1 1.3 1 1.1 _#

 

 

" Includes people in Agifiuulture, Trade. Transportation, Industries,
Domestic, and Personal Service.

- I: .1!‘ i

 

- l 6.1!: ilflul .lllllll' Ill lull I‘ll 111(121 i \T I
D

...............

128

QUESTION THIRTEEN
‘ "Suppose a person who was able to pay went to the Family

Service Agencyfor personal counseling, do you feel that he
would be more comfortable in applying if:

1. He paid a flat fee

2. is paid a fee set by a sliding scale according to
his income and ability

5. He had free service

Answers to this question are tabulated in Tables 104,
105, 106, 107, 108, 100, 110, 111, 112, and 113, from which
it is evident that the majority of the people contacted Ps‘t
that service received from Family Service should be paid for

on a sliding scale set according to the client's ability to

pay.

TABLE 105

THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING WHETHER FAHILY SERVICE
SHOULD (I) CHARGE A FLAT FEE (2) HAVE A SLIDING SCALE
(5)GIVE FREE SERVICE (EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND

 

 

 

 

 

PERCENTAGES)
‘_;DIVISION OF OPINION ,, , NUMBER PERCENT
EOTAL 200 100.0
Flat Fee 57 _18.5
Sliding Scale _ A; 104 52.0 _“

 

Free Service ‘4» 59 29.5

.129

TABLE 104
THE DIVISION 0P OPINION CONCERNING PREIRER FAMILY SERVICE SHOULD
(1) CHARGE A FLAT PE (2) RAVE A SLIDING SCALE (5)
GIVE FREE SERVICE (EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGE)
BASED UPON AGE

 

 

DIVISION 0F 21-51; 5549 . _ 503100
OPINION jNg;_Pg;ggnt No. Percent N0. Percent_ _N0._Percent

TOTAL 200 370010 ' 59 100.0 77 100.0 641 7 100.0
71.1; Fee 57 18.5 8 515.6 18 25.4 11 17.2
Sliding Scale 104 52.0 55 59.5 55 45A 5‘1 55.1
Free Service 59 29.5 16 27.1 21 51.2 ~ 19 29.7

_1

TABLE 105
BASED UPON INCOME

 

 

 

 

 

 

DIVISION 01" i500 ’- 2999 5000-19
OPINION No. Percent Ne. Percent No. Percent
TOTAL 200 100.0 99 100.0 101 _4100.0
. 1331 Fee 731‘ 518.5 15 15.1 24 22.8
Sliding Scale IDA 52.0 ' ‘ 52 5215 52 51.5
Free Service 59 29.5 754 24.“ 25_ 24.15 .5
TABLE 106

BASED UPON RACE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WP WW
OPINION no. Percent N0. Percent N0. Percent
TOTAL 200 100.0 115 100.0 25 100.0 ,
flat. Fee 57 18.5 511 19.1; 5 12,0
. We 10“ 52.0 97 55.11 1 29.0

 

Free Sergige .59 29.5 #4 25.2. 151 _I 59.0

 

l .ll..|1l I. I‘ll! I'-lll|lllllllllll”lll [IT 1

150

THE DIVISION OP OPINION CONCERNING WHETHER FAMILY SERVICE SECULD
(l) CHARGE A FLAT FEE (2) HAVE A SLIDING SCALE (3)
GIVE FREE SERVICE (:IPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PEECENTAGES)
TABLE 107
BASED UPON SEX

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

:FIVIS‘IE'N :CF U" " 1:131 é 'fiifi—z‘:
OPINION -No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent
TOTAL 200 100.0 68 100.0 152 130.0
Flat Fee 437 18.5 8 11.2 29 21.9,-“
ggjaing Scale 10b 52.0 b2 61.8 62 u7,0
Free Service _59 29.5 18 26.5,, CI 31.1
TABLE 108

BASED UPON BIRTHPLACE

 

......

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

fifiI—Vm Jac‘fifq I? minty NEEEEEWSEeQW ;
OPINION No. Percent No. Percent N0. Percent NO. Percent
._____EQQAE 200 IOQ.Q._196 100.0 NI 100.0 153_c 100.0
Flat Fee .37 18.5, 2A 22.6 8 5 I_9.5
Sliding_$cale ion 552.0 65 61,5 12 27 1_50.9
‘Egee Service _53. 29.5, 12. 16.1 21 21 _39.6

 

* Includes people born in other states and foreign countries.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE 109
BASED UPON MAPITAL STATUS
“DIVISIUN"CF*"“"‘ ségafafai ‘““’“——*:
OPINION Married Divorced-Widowed Single
N0. Percent NO, Percent No.7Percent No, Percent
TOTAL 200 100.0 103 100.0 76 100.05" 16 100.0
Flat Fee _32, 18.5 17 15.? IS 2372‘ 2 12.5
Sliding Scale 10b 52.0 61 56.5 3“ U#.? 9 _55.3
FPee Service 59 29.5. 30 27.8 24 .5 II31L2

 

31.6

151
TABLE no ~
THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING NREIRER FAMILY SERVICE SHOULD
(I) CHARGE A me FEE (2) HAVE A SLIDING SCALE (3)
GIVE FREE SERVICE (EXPRESSED IN NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES)
, BASED UPON NUMBER IN HOUSEHOLD

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

W One to Five Six to Ten
OPINION No. Percent No.9 Percent , No. Percent
TOEAE: 200 100.0 161 100.0 .59. 100.0
mtjee 57 3.845 2? __1_6_,_8______190 25.1 -
511,ng SceLe 1011 52.0 95 5718 I; 28.2
Merlin 59 29.1 in; 25-4 _1§ 464...!
TABLE 111 i

BASED UPON RELIGION

 

DIVISION OF Protestant Ethane J on

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OPINION No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent No. Percent
TOTAgi 200 100.0 156 100.0 58 100.0 6 100.0
Sliding Scale 101: 52.0 81 51.9 20 52.6 5 - 55.5
Free Service 59 29.5 46 22.5 11 28.9 2 §OL0_
TABLE 112
BASED UPON EDUCATION
DIVISION 01' College High School Eighth
OPINION - Grade
N e e e e e cc

TOTAL Q9 199.0 14 100.9 115 100.0 53 100,0
11m 37 13-5 10 29.1; 49 ' 46.L 8 15.1

 

W 32.4 64 36.6 29 54.1
.W '39 29.5 _15 38,2 50 I 26.6 $169 509.2

152

THE DIVISION OF OPINION CONCERNING WHETHER FAMILY SERVICE SHOULD

(1) CHARGE A FLAT FEE

(2) ILWE A SLIDING SCALE (3)
GIVE FFEE SERUICE (EXPRESSED IN IELIBERS AND PERCENTMES

TABLE 113
BASED UPON OCCUPATION

‘O\r~ 'x'

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘Vfirfei NOanege _ClerICEI’afiH
DIVISION OF Occupatione‘I Earners Professional
OPINION No.,Percent No. Percent No. Percenm No. Percent
TOTAL 200 100. . 79 100.0 _99 100.0”,31 100.0
Flat Fee #3] 18.'__ 12 15,2 17 18.3_ 8 25,8
Sliding Scale 10h ‘EZ.O ,50 63.3 #2 héLZ, 12, 38.7
Free Service <3, 29.5 I? 2195 ,31 ,331b 11 35.5

 

‘ Includes peopl; in Agflicul

 

Domestic, and Personal Service.

ture, Trade, Transportation, Industries

'CHAETER IX
CCNCDUSION

In summation of the results of this poll, certain
facts should be noted for their particular implication
forany public relations program of Fandly Service. ‘As
might be expected from the minor role allotted public
relation in this agency, the knowledge to the Jackson
community of What Family Service is, was extremely
meagre. Not only is there a hinge proportion of the
pOpulation that has never heard of Family Service, but
of those who know the agency many are for the most part
mistaken in their notions of its services. In order to
make any inroad upon this lack of information and mis-
conception of its public, the agency will have to make a
continuous Job of interpretating its activities to the
community. Good public relation must be the essence of
this agency's philoSOphy. Through the press,.printed
report, and wOrd of mouth an.intelligent and generous
public must be kept informed.of the needs of Jackson and
how Family Service‘can best serve this community.

One basic concept that this poll has brought to light
which is one of the most obstructive, here in Jacksm as

.elsewhere, is that social work is for poor people only,

134

that social casework agencies and especially Family
Service are organizationsfor the giving of financial
relief to the "underprivileged’. Ihe association of
Family Service with relief can be dispelled only by
consistent and patient interpretation of the real _
service of the agency through every possible mediu,.
Another goal, which the poll suggests, lies in
correcting the popular impression that the social
worker is a meddlesome "investigator". This, a remnant
of the depression days, is that the social worker's job
is to investigate and discover if people really need
help, and then to dole out an allowance inadequate to

meet their needs. The function and the education of the
caseworker are much confused in the thinking of the

public. Fbr too long investigators were called social
workers, and even those who had no professional
training called themselves caseworkers, so it is
inevitable that the public, like the relief recipients,
should confuse the investigator with.the caseworker,
and.wonder about the function of Family Service. There
seems to be two ways in winch.this correction might be
accomplished, first by a thoroughpgoing interpretation
of the equipment and function of the professionally

 

1|.Illllll 1" III Ill-ll!!!

 

 

155

trained.social.worker, and second by continuing a heavy
participation of Family Service workers, board members
as well as staff members, in all community activities
that are in any way related to the agency.

It is not only a misconception of the caseworker's
function, but the attitude of people toward their own
responsibilities, cepecially the middle and upper
classes, which often makes their acceptance of casework
slow and grudging. Many people, for example parents,
still feel that to call in a caseworker is an admission
of failure to do_sonmthing they themselves should be
able to do alone.

Clearly the professional.groups needing to be most
familiarized.with the Family Agency services are the
ministers, priests, doctors, lawyers, and school people.
These are the individuals to whom people are inclined to
take their problems. The school is perhaps the most
fertile of the new fields for casework because nonhere
do the malign pressures of disturbed family life send up
their signal more consistently than in the child's
behavior in school. Teachers, as well as other profess-
ional groups, are the individuals toward.Whom Family
Service should direct its publicity. This may be done
(1) by inviting more or a variety of thise professionals

 

 

It'll-Ililll i.‘1elllllllll‘.l| Ill:

 

in!"

136

to board membership, (2) inviting groups of them to
attend board or staff meetings, sending written informa-
tion to them, (3) by keeping up as much as possible on
individual contacts and reporting back to the referal
source on all cases. Another way of having a more
positive relationship with these professionalgroups
would be to have informal meetings, breakfasts or
luncheons, at which time the professional person and

the representative from Family Service could discuss

how best the agency could serve the needs'of the .
community as seen by the minister, priest, doctor,
lawyer, or school authority. This would-be a planned
meeting at which the professional person muld tell what
he expects from the social worker, and at which the case-
worker would explain what Family Service expects from the
professions. Any interpretation Would need to be a dual
process, one of learning as well as of informing for
every one involved.

The aims of such a meeting between Family Service
and a professional group might be as follows:

1. To get to know each other as individuals and to
know the attitudes and philosophies of the two profession-
al groups, caseworkers and the other profession, in
regard.to handling certain problems.

2, To supply an understandable interpretation of wha:

. 157

a trained caseworker is, what it is she tries to do, and
what some of the techniques of treatment are in individual
cases.. i

3. To interpret what caseworkers need from the
professions in the way of specific knowledge about a
referal and what is done with this information after it
is obtained.

4. To acquaint Fanily Service with the areas in
which.the professions need help as well as to know where
Family Service has been found wanting in the past.

5. To create for both groups a better understanding
of the community and to do joint planning for the inter-
pretation of all of the Community Chest Agencies which will
give a better functioning relationship between the social
agencies and the professions.

Another area which has been neglected.by Fanily
Service interpretation in Jackson has'been the large
group of factory employees. In various communities,
unions and factories use caseworka Sometimes this service
has been contributed'by individual caseworkers, more often
by casework agencies, or councils of agencies. The case-
worker pioneering in a union setting has to make progress
slowly. Here he must overcome some suspision of being on

the side of management. Also such feeling as that one

138

should contrive to work out one's own problems, and that
social agencies are only for poor people, seem heightened
in this setting. The services available must not only be
interpreted but the dignity in their use. This can be
done through report spaeches to union groups, distribution
of leaflets, and items in the shOp papers, not something
heavy with social work jargon but simply stating what a
problem is, and what can be done toward solving it.

The major question which this study, of the Jackson
Agency raises, is in regard to what use can now‘be made
of these poll results by'Fanily Service. The material
which.the poll.has disclosed could providea basis for
a public relation program. The actual results of the
poll, publicized through a channel such.as the local
newspaper would‘be a primary source of publicity for the
agency. The public's interest in this experiment, Which
directly involves them and their community, would be a
natural avenue for such publicity. The results of this
poll should be studied by the Public Relations Committee
of the Board in their future plaaning for the public
relations program. ’

To make Family Service better known, better used,

and better supported -- and indeed to make it better -

.lnllui. Ill.

 

 

11-1[16

159

is only one part of the task of the Public Relations
committee whidh lies ahead. More challenging is the
task to the staff and.board of distilling from the
everyday experience of casework practice its wisdom
about human nature and human relations and putting
these at the service of the public. To shift out case-
work's special knowledge of'human relations will require
time, search and research. And to make it widely avail-
able to this community will require the development and
the employment of skills in increasing public informa-
tion, but among staff members of the agency, board .
members and those working in the public relations field.
‘When Family Service takes its first long stride in
this direction, it will begin to make a contribution to
the field of family and.child welfare analogous to that
which medicine has made to the field of public health.
It will then have stepped over a threshold into its own

new era as a profession in this city.

THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

Batchelor, Bronson, Profitable Public #Relations.
Harper and Brothers, New York 1958

 

Baus, Herbert, Public Relations at Work.
Harper and Brothers, New Yerk 1948

 

Blankenship, Albert 8., How to Conduct Consumer and Opinion.
Research. Harper andTBrothers, New York 1946*

Burnett, Verne, You and Your Public.
Harper and Brothers, New york 1945

 

Mosher, William, Public Relations of Public Personnel Agencies.
Civil Service Assembly of the“United States and Canada,
Chicago 1941

 

 

North, Cecil, The Community and Social Welfare.
McGraw-Hill Book Co,New York—1931

ParadiSe, Viola Toward Public Understanding of Casework
Russell Sage Foundation, New Ybnk‘1948

Recent Social Trends in the United States. Report of the
President‘s Research Committee.on Social Trends.
McGraw-Hill, New York 1933. Pp. 516

Routzahn, Mary and Evart, Publicity for Social Work.
Russell Sage Foundation, New Ybrk11928

 

MAGAZINE ARTICLES
Griffin, John J. “Build Your Public Relations Program Right".
Channels, Vo. XXIII, No. 8, July August, 1946, Pp 5- 6
and 12-13
PAMPHLETS

"Here's the Score in Cleveland". Cleveland Department of
Public Relations Welfare Federatiai of Cleveland, 1946

Term Papers submitted to the faculty of the Department of
Social Service of Michigan State College by Berndt, Ray-
mond and Baker, Hubert.

Unpublished Material on File at the Family Service Agency
Jackson, Michigan

Old Copies of the Jackson Citizen Patriot daily newspaper

APPENDIX

Schedule For Public Opinion Poll
1. What kinds of personal problems do you believe are

the most troublesome to Jackson families at this time?

V’ II. Suppose you knew some one who had a personal or family
problem, what outside person would you recommend to help

him?

III. Suppose you knew a couple whose quarreling was harm-
ing their children, where would you advise them to go
for help?

b’ IV. Suppose you knew a family where the father was dead
and the mother was unable to work, where would you advise

this mother to get help?

V. Suppose you knew the parents of a school age child
who is having trouble in school and getting out of control

at home, where would you advise them to go?

VI. Does Jackson have any of the following?

Children's Guidance Center Yes____No___. I don't know;__
Council of Social Agencies Yes___ No___ I don't know___
State Hospital Yes____ No____ I don't know____
Michigan Children's Aid Yes___ No___. I don't know;__

Family Service Yes No I don't know

141

Goodwill Industries Yes No I don't know
Bureau of Social Aid Yes No I don't know

County Health Department Yes No I don't know

VVII. If a friend asked you to tell what a social caseworker

does, what would you say?

VIII. What education do you think a social caseworker should
up

have.
IX. If you had a hundred dollars ($100) you were giving to
three of Jackson's social agencies to which ones would you

give? How much to each one?

X. If you were giving one hundred dollars $100) to three
Community Chest agencies you think are the most helpful
in Jackson to which of the following would you give?
Boy Scouts______

Club for the Blind_____

Crippled Childrens' Society;_____

Council of Social Agenciea_____

Day Nursery

Family Service______

Florance Crittenton Home

Girl Scouts______

Recreation Council

142
Mercy Hospitalg____,
Michigan Childrens' Aid Society;_____
Salvation Army_____ -
St. Joseph Home for Boys____‘
Y.M.C.As______
Y.W.C.A.______

”/XI. What services do you think are given by a Family

Service Agency?

XII. Below is a list of people who are often called upon to
listen to the troubles of others. If you had a family
problem to which of the following would you take it?
Barber
Beauty Operator
Bartender
Doctor
Friend
Lawyer
Mailman
Minister
Policeman
Priest
Relative

Stranger

145

Socialworker

 

Teacher

Others

(Interpretation of Family Service)
What is Family Service?

Family Service is a social agency that helps individuals
and families with their problems. These may be problems
related to marriage, to children, to illness, or to any
other personal question. Help is given through confidential
interviews and where needed other professional people and
agencies in the community are consulted. ‘The giving of
financial assistance, as such, is not a function of Family

Service.

XIII. Suppose a person who was able to pay went to the Family
Service Agency for Personal counseling, do you feel that he
would be more comfortable in applying if:

1. He paid a flat fee_____
2. He paid a fee set by a sliding scale according
to his income and ability;_____

3. He had free service

Age 21-34
Income $500-$1000

144

Interviewee

35-49” 50 and over

$1000-$3000

$3000-$5000 $7000 and over

Race Sex

Birthplace

Married Divorced Widowed Separated Single

Number in household ‘ Religion

Education (years of schooling completed)

Occupation of Intervieweeg_

 

Occupation of head of family,#.

.QUESTION SEVEN:

VERBATIM REPLIES

"If a friend asked you to tell what a
social caseworker does, what would you
say?“

Primarily aid in adjustment.

Help people who need it.

Help with personal and social problems.
Gives help to people on A.D.C. or Old
Age Assistance.

Helps with family problems.

Gathers information to be used in studying
a problem family.

Helps with home problems.

145
Gives help with individuals problems.
A snOOper.
Investigates home for the adoption of
children.
Help to solve problems that_may arise
pertaining to living with and around others.
Investigator.
Talks over peoples' problems.
Someone who goes around from house to
house asking personal questions.
Gives aid where necessary in homes where
help or counselling is needed.
Helps pe0ple make better adjustments to
stimulate better living.
Help with personal problems.
A substitute for those who do not have
faith in their church.
Investigator of home and family life.
Finds families a suitable place in which
to live.
Talks things over with you and tells you

what to do when you have troubles.

146

Gives guidance in family problems.
Investigates for old people.

A poor man's psychiatrist.

Helps peOple to work out personal
problems.

Investigates applicants for relief.
Finds homes for people who have been
burned out, gets food for those who

are hungry, fuel for those who are cold,
etc.

Investigates poor people.

Instructs people, how to get along together.
Helps people through casework methods

to work out their problems.

Takes care of family problems.

Helps make adjustments in home difficulties.
Gives welfare orders.

After finding reasons for problems of
home and family life he attempts to help
the people straighten out these problems.
Just another Job.

Investigates people referred to them.
Goes around and finds out what the needs

and lacks are in a family.

147

Some one who goes around asking questions.
Goes around looking out for the welfare
of children, those who are not in school,
and is called an attendance officer.
Finds out troubles and tries to help.
Visits families and finds out all they
can.

Gives help for personal problems.

Visits homes and'reports findings to
officials above them.

Church worker who gives baskets to the
poor.

Worker at the Bureau of Social Aid.

Some one who comes out and sn00ps around.
Tries to help individuals to solve their
problems or to attach them in a sensible
way and get to a solution.

Asks a lot of questions.

I never heard of one.

Some one who asks a lot of damn fool
questions that are none of their business.

I wouldn't know.

_QUESTION ELEVEN:

 

I48

Does good deeds, picks up dangerous items
and sometimes reports back so people get
cut in their welfare orders.

Go to homes and ask foolish questions
over and over again.

Come to homes and ask questions about

Old Age Assistance.

Help with children having trouble in
school or with the Juvenile Court.

Red Cross Worker.

Some one who goes around from house to
house asking for money for all of these
agencies who get money from the Community
Chest. 0

One of those investigator people, who

are always out asking about your neighbors.

VEBBATIM REPLIES

"What services do you think are given by
a Family Service Agency?“

Help with marital troubles and any other
personal problem.

Family counseling.

149

Work out budgets for the family.

Talk over family problems.

Prevent family crack-ups.

Counseling in family and personal problems.
Counseling in g00d family living.

Help with all kinds of problems.

Guidance in family problems.

An attempt is made to solve the marriage
problems that are leading to divorce.

Help with food and clothing for poor
families.

They listen to you when you talk and don't
tell you that you Just imagine things.
Helps families and individuals with problems
concerning illness, children and marriage.
Help and guidance for girls in trouble.
Help in preventing divorce cases.

Help where children are not wanted or
cared for in the home.

Help with illness and personal problems.

I don't know what you mean 'Family Service'.

Help in money matters, clothing, etc.

150

Tell young mothers how to raise their
children.

I don't know now, but not much of any
service a year and a half ago.

Help poor people who need food, clothing.
Answer any question about problems;
give aid in case of necessity.

Give informationeabout birth control.
Help large families.

Any personal problem service, except
financial.

Service to homes such as catering.
Assistance in family troubles, such as
providing counseling where children
are concerned.

Take care of children while mothers work.
Some kind of family laundry.

Help peOple find a place to live.
Marriage problems.

Train young mothers in child care.
Answer family problems.

Help families find homes if they have
been driven out.

Gives pre—marriage counseling.

 

151

Never heard of it.

Help with any problem that affects the
family.

Help in solving marriage problems.
Housing agency.

Help with family problems for those Who
are not able to have counseling from a
priest or minister.

Nothing that could not be done by one of
the other agencies.

Counseling in adjustment.

Work that should be done by any good
rabbi, priest or minister.

Finds homes for people and gives them
medical care.

Nursery care for children.

Makes a big splurge and says they do a
lot which they do not really do.

Helps individuals or families to understand
and solve or relieve the problem that is-
bothering.

Wouldn't know.

Gives money to those who need it.

 

152

Help with almost any problem related
to a family.
Help poor peOple those who are out of

work find work and housing.

155
FAMILY SERVICE OF JACKSON

"A Community Chest Agency”
310 Rogers Building

Jackson, Michigan

l-Q. What iS‘FAMILY SERVICE OF JACKSON?

A. a. It is a social casework agency primarily
concerned with the preservation of sound family life in
this community.

b. It is dedicated to helping individuals
who need counseling, advice, or information, on various
phases of family living ---

i) where serious problems may already

exist and treatment is sought ——- or
ii) where no serious problem has develOped,
vbut help is sought on a preventive level.-

0. When problems of adjustment occur in the
home, as between members of the family or because of a
situation, seemingly beyond the control of its members,
the condition which arises must and can be diagnosed and

treated just as pains caused by organic disturbances.

Z-Q. What kind of problems does FAMILY SERVICE “take“?

A. Problems arising from divorce and separation -

154

Marriage counseling-

Pre-marital counseling-

Guidance for eXpectant and young mothers-

Parent-child relationship problems-

Behavior problems in children and adolescents-

Child development and child care (only for.
children living in their own homes)-

Emotional problems of adults—

Personality disturbances-

Guidance to families where there is chronic
physical or mental illness-

Services to the handicapped-

Veterans' adjustment problems-

Budgeting and home management-

Referrals to psychiatrist, child guidance
clinic, and allied specialties.

B-Q. Whom does FAMILY SERVICE serve?

A. All persons from all walks of life who need
and want the particular professional services offered,
regardless of Eggs, creed, or financial status. (see
#10 also)

4-Q. What age groups come to FAMILY SERVICE?

A. Children, adolescents, adults (including

 

155

parents of infants and small children), people of middle
age, and the aged. Persons of all ages!

5-Q. Who may refer cases to FAMILY SERVICE?

A. Physicians Hospitals
Lawyers Clinics
Clergymen Labor Unions
Teachers Employers
Social Agencies Friends and Relatives
Schools Person himself

Rehabilitation agencies
6—Q. What can staff members of FAMILY SERVICE do for
the person with family problems?

A. They can help him to understand the forces
that may be undermining his happiness. This new insight
hay enable an individual to regain confidence in himself
and command of a disturbing situation. If he finds he
can use this insight toward solving the problem and gain-
ing greater peace of mind about his problem, the case-
worker has helped him to help himself, emotionally and
otherwise.

7—Q. What is the policy of FAMILY SERVICE on granting
financial assistance?

A. Limited funds are available (at present)

«5" i
I. g .II'II‘. 4 i

for emergency assistance for non—recurrent emergency
needs only, when such financial help is adjudged a part
of sound treatment procedure. Examples of emergencies
might include ambulance service, emergency medical attention
and medication, special diet, etc. Repayment (without
interest) may be/expected in due time, depending on the
particular case in question.
B-Q. Is information given to FAMILY SERVICE held in

strict confidence?

.A. Absolutelyu! Privacy is a precious right.

The only reason for you to take private problems to a

consultant is to get professional help in solving them.

FAMILY SERVICE respects your right to privacy and to

happy home life. The confidential nature of information

is strictly observed.

9-Q. What is the training of the staff member whom you
consult at FAMILY SERVICE?

A. Six years of University work, including two
years of intensive graduate training, plus an "internship“
in a hospital or social agency, in the areas of child
guidance and child welfare, psychiatric casework, medical
casework, and the psychology of human behavior and family

life.

157

lO-Q. May payment be made to this agency for services

rendered?
A. .39 payment is reguired of individuals. Yet,

those who are financially able and want to do so, may
make payment in the form of contributions (in lieu of
fixed fees) to the FAMILY SERVICE emergency assistance
fund. This practice enables persons who are financially
secure to feel at liberty to seek the professional service
of this agency regarding emotional, psychological and
other problems about which they feel insecure.

ll-Q. Who supports FAMILY SERVICE, financially?

A. FAMILY SERVICE is a “red feather“ agency of
the Jackson Community Chest and is supported through
‘1233 voluntary contributions to the Chest.

12-Q. What are office hours for FAMILY SERVICE?
A. 9:00 a.m. to 5:0: p.m. weekdays, except holidays
9:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon, Saturdays
5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Wednesday evenings, (p1
appointment only)
lB-Q. What about appointments to consult with members
of the staff of FAMILY SERVICE?
A. It would be advisable to make an appointment.

Otherwise, you may find staff members out of the office

158
or busy seeing others when you drop in. However, £333;
will always "make way" for emergencies.“

lu—Q. Does FAMILY SERVICE extend itself to groups or
just to individuals, as described in #1?
A. Meeting with discussion groups and offering
institutes, under its own auspices or in c00peration with
other agencies in Jackson, is distinctly another means

of extending its services to even greater numbers in the

community.

THE DOOR AT FAMILY SERVICE STANDS AJAR.

COME IN, AND WELCOME TO YOU.‘

Edgar A. Perretz,
Director

Prpd. 6-23-A7

Rvd. 7-17-47

4'1

CONSTITUTION OF

FAMILY SERVICE OF JACKSON

ARTICLE I NAME

The name of this agency shall be FAMILY SERVICE

OF JACKSON.
ARTICLE II PURPOSE

The purpose of FAMILY SERVICE OF JACKSON shall be to

foster the deve10pment of wholesome family life in

the City and County of Jackson.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(LP)

by providing skilled case work service to
individuals and families in the solution

of their problems.

by skilled observation and study of the.
causes of individual and family breakdown
in the community and by co—Operation with
other private and public social agencies
toward the improvement of social conditions.
by interpreting to the Community a better
understanding of the underlying causes

and effects as well as the purposeful
remedies for social maladjustment.

by supporting efforts of social planning
and research which tend to improve conditions

under which pe0ple live.

160
(5) by encouraging and promoting education and
training for social work in the community,
and fostering staff participation in
professional deve10pment.
(6) the services of FAMILY SERVICE OF JACKSON
shall be available to all citizens of the
City and County of Jackson regardless of
race, color or creed.
ARTICLE III PLACE OF BUSINESS
The principal office or place of business shall be
in the City of Jackson, in the County of Jackson,
Michigan.
ARTICLE IV OFFICERS
The Officers shall be a President, a Vice President,
a Secretary, and a Treasurer to be elected from and
by the Board of Directors according to the By Laws.
ARTICLE V DIRECTORS
The Board of Directors shall consist of twelve (12)
or more members.
ARTICLE VI HONORARY DIRECTORS
Honorary Directors may be elected to the Board of
Directors at any regular or special meeting of the

Board, which Directors shall be subject to call for

161
advice and assistance by the President, but without

vgting privilege by the Honorary Director so chosen.

ARTICLE VII MEETINGS
The Annual Meeting'of the Board of Directors shall
be held on the second (2nd) Tuesday after the
lbeginning of the fiscal year.
Regular and Special Meetings of the Board shall be
.governed by the By Laws. ‘

ARTICLE VIII EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
The Board of Directors shall employ an Executive

. Secretary who shall be the chief administrative

officer of the Family Service who shall perform
this duty and such other duties as the Board shall
determine. The Executive Secretary, with the '
approval of the Board, may appoint such staff
members as the Board may deem necessary from time
to time to carry on the work and business of the
agency.

ARTICLE IX FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year of Family Service of Jackson shall
coincide with that of the War Chest or the Community
Chest of Jackson.

ARTICLE X AMENDMENTS

This constitution may be amended at any regular

162

meeting of the Board or any special meeting called

for that purpose, by a majority vote of the members

present, provided that copies of such articles as

it is proposed to amend shall be mailed to each member

of the Board at least five (5) days prior to the date

of the meeting at which such amendment is to be voted

upon.

APPROVED: Family Service of Jackson, Board of
Directors - October 22, 19b5,

 

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)'

163

BY LAWS OF
FAMILY SERVI CE
OF JACKSON
ARTICLE I
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The Board of Directors shall consist of twelve (12)
or more members, to serve for terms of three (3)

years. The terms of members for the first Board

 

shall be one-third (1/3) of the members one (1) year, :
one-third (1/3) of the members two (2) years, and
one-third (1/3) of the members three (3) years.

The election of Board members shall be held at the
Annual Meeting of the Board of Directors.

No Director shall serve more than two(2) full terms
in succession after which he shall not be elegible
for reelection for a period of one (1) year.

The Board of Directors shall have the authority to
direct the work of the organization and of its
employed personnel.

The term of office of the President, Vice—President,
Secretary and Treasurer shall be one (1) year. The
duties of the officers shall be such as usually are

performed.

(f)

(s)

(a)

(b)

(c)

164

Any Director who shall fail or neglect to attend
four successive regular meetings of the Board of
Directors without satisfactory explanation therefor
given to an officer of the Board, will be deemed to
have tendered his resignation as such Director and
the Board may in its discretion adopt a resolution
accepting such resignation.
The Board shall declare and fill such vacancies as
may exist among the offices of the Board of Directors
by reason of resignation or expiration of term.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS

Regular meetings of the Board shall be on the second
(2nd) Tuesday of each month. written notice shall be
given five (5) days before the meeting to the members
of the Board. Meetings may be suspended with the
consent of the Board of Directors.
Special meetings of the Board may be called by the
President, or any member of the Board, upon the
written.request of four (4) members of the Board.
Written notice shall be given five (5) days before
the meeting of the members of the Board.
A quorum of members shall be five. The quorum shall
be increased proportionately as the number of members

of the Board is increased.

(a)

(b)

(a)

165
ARTICLE III
COMMITTEES
The Nominating Committee shall be appointed by the
Board of Directors at the annual meeting to serve
for a period of one (1) year.
(1) The Nominating Committee shall nominate
(a) new members of the Board of Directors;
(b) the officers of the Board of Directors;
(c) members of the Nominating Committee to
serve for the coming year.
(23 The first nominating committee shall be
appointed by the President of the Board
of Directors.
The President shall appoint such other committees as
shall be advisable for the conduct of the affairs of
the agency.
ARTICLE IV
FINANCIAL POLICY
It shall be the responsibility of the Executive
Secretary and the Treasurer to submit to the Board
of Directors a full financial report and statement
of Operations on a monthly and annual basis. Such
report shall likewise be given to the Community

Chest or War Chest of Jackson.

 

166
ARTICLE V
AMENDMENTS
These By Laws may be amended at any regular meeting
of the Board of Directors or any special meeting
called for that purpose, by a majority vote of the ~
members present, provided that c0pies of such article
as it is preposed to amend shall be mailed to each
member of the Board at least five (5) days prior to
the date of the meeting at which such amendment is
to be voted upon.
APPROVED: Family Service of Jackson Board of Directors,
October 22, l9h5

mmmmfirmx “iii-

II.

III.

IV.

V.

167

FAMILY SERVICE OF JACKSON, MICHIGAN

“.Personnel Practices

 

Statement of Principles
We support the merit principle in selection,
retention, promotion, and dismissal of employees.

The person best qualified to do the job should be

, selected without regard to race, color, sex, creed,

marital status, residence, or national origin,
except as the function or auspices of the agency
limits the personnel who might be used effectively.
There should be no discrimination on the basis of
political affiliation. .
Graduation from a member school of the American
Association of Schools of Social Work provides the
best preparation for practice in social work.
Selection and maintenance of personnel on the basis
of competence should be supported by a continuous
operation of personnel procedures mutually under-
stood by employer and employee.

Employer and employee alike have a responsibility
for honesty in preliminary disbussion of the
position and both are responsible for carrying out
the terms of their joint agreement.

There should be machinery to enable and encourage

 

H Jill-It. .‘II £‘u1

 

168
staff members to participate in the development of

agency policy and program.

VI. There should be a review of personnel practices by
the board's personnel committee at least once each
year.

Administrative Relationships

 

Major agency policies are made by the board of directors,
who appoint an executive secretary to carry out these
policies by providing leadership for the agency staff.

The executive secretary is responsible for the employment
of all other staff members subject to ratification by the
board of directors. It is the responsibility of the staff
members to propose new, or modified, major agency policies
for board action as these are seen to be needed for the
practical operation of the agency. Such participation
shall be fostered through staff meetings, conferences of
workers with the executive, and opportunity for staff
members to contribute to meetings of the board of directors.

Evaluation

 

Each employee shall receive a written evaluation in regard
to job performance at the end of the probationary period,
annually on the anniversary date of his employment, and at
the termination of employment unless the last anniversary

date was within the past six months. The evaluation shall

169
be discussed between the supervisor and the worker, and
the worker shall have the right to see the final written
evaluation and affix his comments or differences covering
any point of disagreement. The evaluation should be
signed by both the supervisor and employee.

I Appeal§_§gocedure ,

A prompt and efficient method of settling individual per-
sonnel problems is an indispensable part of sound person-
nel relations. Normal channels for adjusting differences
should be utilized first. However, if the employee feels
dissatisfied with any personnel action taken by the agency
toward him, he has a right to a written statement of the
basis for such action within five days following the
decision. He is also responsible for submitting a
written statement within the same period concerning the
specific bases for dissatisfaction to the inmediate super-
visor before proceeding with an appeal.

The employee may appeal to the Personnel Committee
of the Board, who shall hold a prompt hearing at which
both the supervisor and employee, as well as other
relevant persons, shall be heard. Following ratification
by a meeting of the agency board, the decision of the
Personnel Committee will be final. When the decision
indicates that an individual has suffered unfair

 

(S

 

170
discrimination, the agency shall make every effort to
compensate the individual for the loss which has been
suffered. .

Probation
There shall'be a probationary period of three months for
each new employee. In this period employment may be term-
inated at any time by the employee or the agency. During
the period of probation the employment can be terminated

 

by the worker or agency upon two week's notice. 1

Hours of Work

 

With.a staffof three professional workers and two clerical
workers, a 59-hour work week will be maintained. Office
hours will be from 8:50 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. on week days,
with a one-hour lunch period.

Vacation
Professional workers will have four weeks' yearly vacation.

Clerical workers will have two weeks vacation each year

 

during the first two years, and three weeks vacation after
. the second year. Vacations will not be cumulative from one
year to the next. The major portion of time should be
taken during the period from May let to September 30th
unless the executive secretary determines some special
circumstances warrant a vacation outside these dates. In

the event that a worker leaves the agency's employment

171

before taking vacation, the agency shall pay for any
vacation time which is due at the time of departure. All
records shall be dictated up to date at the time of va-
cation, and professional workers will not be required to
accept any new cases for two weeks prior to a full month's
vacation.

Holidays
The Family Service of Jackson shall observe the following

 

holidays: Christmas, New Years Day, Lincoln's or'Washing-
ton's Birthday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day,
and Thanksgiving Day. Provision shall also be made for the
observance of religious holidays, such as an afternoon off
on Good Friday, according to the employee '5 religious faith.

Workme n' s Compens ation

 

Agency workers shall be, and are, covered under a workmen's
compensation insurance policy.

Maternity and Military Leave
As a matter of principle, the board believes that both
military leave and.maternity leave without pay should be
available to staff members. However, the small size of the
agency staff makes it impossible to guarantee re-employment
at the end of any such leave. Until such leaves become
more practicable, no specific personnel practices can be

provided for these purposes, and requests for these types

172
of leave will have to be handled on an individual basis.

Sick Leave

 

Sick leave shall be accumulated.with pay at the rate of one-
day per month, cumulative to, but not beyond, 60 working
days. For any illness of five consecutive days or more,
the employee will be required to present a doctor's state-

ment 0
Leave for Personaereasons

Time off with pay up to one week may be granted to employees
who have suffered serious illness or death within their
immediate family.

Conference Leave

 

The board views conference attendance as mutually beneficial
to the staff members and the agency. The extent of such
participation in conferences will of necessity depend upon
the agency's financial situation at the tine and the benefits
accruing to the agency and the individual staff members
through such conference attendance.

a -off, DemotionLgQism1ssal
When reduction in force is indicated because of lack of
funds or curtailment of work, such action should be regular-
ized. The employee should be given written notice of such
action. Permanent employees should have at least thirty (50)
calendar days notice and probationary or temporary employees

fifteen (15) calendar days. The employee is entitled to

 

173

definite reasons for such action, in writing if requested,
and is entitled to a fair hearing (as provided in the
section on Appeals Procedure) if he so desires.

The agency reserves the privilege of relieving the
staff member of his duties during this period. If dismissed
for malfeasance or unprofessional and unethical conduct, he
need not be compensated. No notice is required.when the
length of employment was specified at the time of hiring,
as in the ease of temporary workers.

Resignations

 

An employee who resigns should give written notice as far
in advance as possible. A 30-day notice is the minimum
requirement for notification, and the more responsible the
position, the greater amount of notice the employee should
give. The employee's services should be available to the
agency during the notice period in order that he may com-
plete his work and the agency secure a replacement.
W
Although subject to revision with changing economic con-
ditions, it is recommended that the following minimum
standards be observed in the hiring of workers: (1) Execu-
tive,_§5800; (2) Case Worker, $2700; (3) Clerical Worker,

$1800. The board recognizes workers who remains on the staff

. 1 In actuaI practice these salaries are out of date.

174

are entitled to a yearly salary increase, with the proviso
that a maximum salary can be set for each.position. Because
of present budgetary processes and the lack of general
salary scales for Chest agencies, the board recognizes that
its salary recommendations are subject to modification in
the Chest budget procedures.

. Pay Days
The 15th and.50th of each month shall be official pay days
unless these dates fall on a Saturday, Sunday, or holiday,
in which case the pay day shall be the first full working
day prior to the Saturday, Sunday or holiday.

Car Insurance

 

The worker shall have the name of the Family Service of .
Jackson included in the coverage of his automdbile public
liability insurance. The worker shall notify the Family
Service of Jackson immediately in case of accident.
Retirement Plan ,
Full time permanent employees of this agency shall partici-
pate in the retirement plan of the National Health and
'Welfare Association, as soon as eligible under the rules
of the national organization. Retirement shall be required
at the age of 65 unless it is the pleasure of the board to

continue employment beyond that age.

 

1'75

5.299392
A record of sick leave and vacation.shall'be kept for each
employee. Permanent personnel records for employees shall
be maintained by the agency. The employee shall have access
to any appraisal of his work made in connection therewith.
I Overtime
Under usual circumstances the agency does not expect nor

require continuous overtime work. However, it is also

 

recognized.that because of the emergency service needs
occasional overtime will be required. To compensate for
overtime, the agency provides that a worker may take com-
pensatory time off, but that overtime shall not be cumulative

beyond a two-week period.

 

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