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A STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF MEETINGS
IN LAINGSBURG COMMUNITY

Thesis for the Degree of M. A.

Jay L. Prescott
1928

 

 

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"A Study and Analysis of meetings of Town
and Country People in the Village of
‘ Lainpsburg, Michigan"

Thesis for Degree of Master of Arts

Michigan State College

Jay L. Prescott

1928

THESIS»

 

~ Table of Contents

Introduction

Purpose and Plan of Study

History and Existing Conditions
number and Distribution of Meetings
Time of Day Meetings are Held
Attendance and Time Meetings are Held
Attendance of Adults

Attendance of Children

Attendance from Town and Country
Types of Meetings and Attendance

Uniformity of Attendance at Meetings
of Various Types

Adult Attendance By Types of Meetings
Attendance of Children by Types of Meetings

Town and Country Attendance at Various
Types of Meetings

Regularity of Programs Given
Places Where Meetings are Held
Participation in the Programs
Summary

103:] "753.2:

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Purpose and Plan of Study

The purpose of this study is to make a record and
analysis of all meetings which were held in the Laings-
burg community during the period from October 1, 1925 to
October 1, 1926. A meeting, for the purposes of this
study, is defined as any grouping of people which has been
previously planned or announced. Exceptions were made in
the ease of committee meetings, meetings provided for by
law, and any fortuitous gatherings. These were not in-
eluded.

Since so many organizations held programs or meetings
at definite times some plan for collecting data had to be
devised. Cooperating or "participant observers" were chosen

1
to aid in this work.( I These people reported at regular
intervals on the attendance of the meetings, the type of
program, and the talent used in the presentation of the pro-
grams. All other facts of possible importance were also
kept for the final tabulations. The numbers representing
attendance are in almost all cases the results of actual
counts. Only in those meetings where the attendance was of
unusual size and counting was impossible, were estimates
used. Such methods as these tend to reduce the error to a

minimum.

 

(l) Lindeman: Social Discovery. ‘are 191-2.

-3-

The main purposes of the study were:

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To discover how well meetings are distributed
according to the month, week, day of the week,

and time of day.

To discover which organizations through their
plans and programs accomplished most in satis-
fying the social needs of both children and

adults.

To ascertain what organizationsserved town

and country.

To find out to what extent programs given at
the meetings were fitted to the needs of

children and adults.

'To determine the type of meeting, if any, which

seemed to be over-emphasized and that which re-

ceived too little attention.

To get a record of peeple who participated in

the programs and their place of residence.

History and Existing Conditions in
the Laingsburg Community

Laingsburg has a population of 700 and like most other
villages of this size, owes its existence entirely to the
agriculture of the surrounding area. It is located on a
main road fourteen miles from Owosso and twenty miles from
Lansing. (See Chart 1) The population of the town is 700
and the population of trade area tricutary to it is estimated
carefully at 1700. Thus the total population of the com-
munity is approximately 2400. There are no bus lines, but
the Michigan Central Railroad runs through the village.

There are four trains a day for passenger service. At the
time of the survey, there were four rural routes bringing
mail service to the farmers. The village is a center for
telephone service, the company having 450 subscribers. 200

of this number are in the village and the remaining 250 are
farmers. The village was undoubtedly at its best before the
automobile came into common use. Two hotels, both brick
structures - one of two stories and the other three» stand

as evidence of busier days. With but few exceptions, the
store buildings are little changed. The same is also quite
true of most of the residences. Although electrical power has
been furnished therillage, water or sewage systems have never
been installed. Located as it is, Laingsburg has probably

suffered more heavily than many villages through the widening

Chart I

The location of Laingsburg and towns

surrounding it

 

 

 

 

 

    

 

 

 

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Township Lines

Main Roads
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-6-

of the area in which farmers do their buying and market their
products.

Fairly fertile land extends to the north, west, and east
of town. South of the town is the Looking Glass River with
much low marsh land and higher land of poorer quality. There
are few improved roads in this territory, so many of them are
almost impassable at certain times.of the year. This condition
of soil and roads has had much to do with theenonomic and
social condition of the community.

Two elevators, several grocery stores, tuo hardware stores,
a bank, drug store, garages, lumber yard, two chain stores, a
furniture store, clothing and general merchandizing stores,
tend to furnish such commodities as people choose to buy at
home. Attempts have been made to start moving picture shows
but people seem to prefer to attend the more elaborage theaters
in Lansing and Owosso. A scarcity of public buildings of any
sort has undoubtedly prevented many gatherings which might have
been held. There is no auditorium that will hold more than
225 people and this number under crowded conditions. The church
is the only possible place where more than 225 can meet and the
churches are not suited for meetings of many types. There are
lodge halls but these are not convenient. They cannot be readily

arranged for meetings other than those for which the halls were
ltiginally planned.

There are four active churches in Laingsburg, the Con-

gregational, Methodist, Catholic and Baptist and the usual number

of fraternal organizations. The membership of these various

organizations and the proportion of it in town and country

are as follows:

 

Type of or- Total Membership Membership Members
ganization membership Living in Lixing in Elsewhere
Town Country
Church
Congregational 80 45 35 O
Methodist 150 90 60 0
Catholic 222' 45 177 0
Baptist 70 5O 20 O
Lodges
Mason 135 40 44 49
Odd Fellow 140 62 44 34
Eastern Star 180 45 52 53
Rebekah 123 59 43 21

Gleaner 100 25 75

The Baptist Church was only partially active during the
course of the survey. A change of priests at the Catholic
Church also tended to disturb the activity of this organization.
In addition to the churches, there are the usual fraternal
societies, Boy Scouts, Junior and Senior Girl Reserves, a
women's civic club, several card clubs, the usual religious

.organizations allied with the churches and the groups working
under the supervision of the school. The community is es-
pecially freeiforeign population. Only two such families are
living in the village and few seem to be on the farms. Sugar
beet raising has never been carried on to any extent in this

area and this probably accounts for the fact that few of these

people have been drawn to the community.

Number and Distribution of Meetings

The distribution, according to months, of the 989
meetings that were held during the time the records were
kept is given in Table I. This table shows that the
three months with the greatest number of meetings are
Bovember, 120; March, 101; and April, 94. These months
represent 10.3 per cent, 10.2 per cent, and 9.4 per cent,
respectively, of the total number of meetings held during
the year. In these three most active months, 29.9 per
cent of all meetings were held.

There were 52 meetings held during August, 63 in June,
and 71 in July. These are the months in which the smallest
number of meetings were held. They are Shawn to be 5.2
per cent, 6.5 per cent, and 7.1 per cent of the total 989
for the year. All other months, except October which has

72 meetings, Show numbers ranging.from 80 to 92.

number of Meetings and Attendance by Months

Tahle I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Meetings Attendance
Month Number ggtégf" Total Pct. Adult Ugéfia"
October 72 7.3 2,672 5.4 2,060 612
Hovember 102 10.3 4,545 9.0 3,589 956
December 86 8.7 4,289 8.6 3,300 989
January 92 9.3 3,957 8.0 3,019 938
February 84 8.5 3,445 6.9 2,786 659
march 101 10.2 4,094 8.3 3,305 189
April 94 9.5 5,777 11.7 4,702 1075
May 91 9.2 5,221 10.5 4,118 1103
June 63 6.4 4,428 8.9 3,222 1206
July 71 7.2 3,526 7.1 2,512 1014
August 52 5.2 2,328 4.7 1,609 719
September 81 8.2 5,404 10.9 4,238 1166
Total 989 100.0 49,686 100.0 38,460 11226

 

 

 

Ranking the months according to the number of meetings

held places them in the following order: November,

march, April, January, Mai, December, February, September,

October, July, June, August. This is only partly in agree-

ment with hawthorn who finds that in Iowa interest in social

activities is lowest in the winter and spring when roads

are bad and in mid-summer when hot weather and work inter-
0 .

fere. Q) The disagreement may be due, however, to the fact

that the year of the Laingsburg survey may not have been a

typical one.

In Table II is shown the distribution of meetings
according to the day of the week. Hos meetings for any
day, 587, were held on Sunday. This number is so much higher
than for any other day because of the activities of the four
churches and the organizations allied rith them. On many
Sundays 12 to 14 meetings were held at the churches. Other
days which are fairly high in comparison are.Ionday, 119
meetings, Thursday, 94, and Tuesday, 87. It will be noted
that the remaining days show few meetings. On Wednesday 49
meetings were held, 32 on Friday, and 21 on Saturday. The
average number of meetings held on each day are, Sunday 9,
Monday 2 1/3, Tuesday 2 2/3, Rednesday 1, Thursday less than

2, and Friday and Saturday each one gathering in two weeks.

 

(2) Hawthorn, H. B., Sociology of Rural Life, page 165.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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-14-

Attendance and Time meetings Are Held

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- 15 .

Attendance of Adults

During the course of the survey, attendance was
(5)
divided in so iar as possible according to age groups
and according to those attending from town and country.
Table I shows the attendance of adults and children by
months. In the course of the year, adult attendance
amounted to 38,640. The attendance of adults varies

greatly from month to month. The highest month is April,

4,702, while the lowest is August, 1,609.

Attendance of Children

Total attendance of children for the year is 11,226.
Ranked according to children attendance, the months are
June, September, Kay, April, Ju y, December, November,
January, March, August, February, and October. These months
show numbers of children ranging from 1,206 to 612.

Of the 49,686 total attendance for the year, 25,223
attended Sunday meetings. (Table II) This represents 50.8
per cent of the attendance for all days. Saturday meetings

are second with an attendance of 6,973. This is 14 per cent

of the total attendance.

fl

3) The people who had attained high school age were classi-
fied as adults. Difficulties as to age, which arose in

aking counts of meetings, made this division.necessary.

c+

-16-

Attendance on the remaining days of the week is fairly
uniform as reference to the table will show.

The attendance of both adults and children is high-
est on Sunday. 19,043 adults and 6,180 children attended
Sunday meetings. Adult attendance is lowest on Wednesday,

2,179. Fewest children, 363, attend meetings on Honday.

-17-

Town and Country Attendance

In Table IV is given the attendance by months accord-
ing to the groups from town and country. (30,574) 61.5
per cent of the people who attended meetings during the
year were from town. The table shows that this attendance
is unevenly distributed throughout the months and that
some are conspicuous because of high attendance. April
has the highest number attending from town, that is,

3,382. there also relatively high are May, September,
January, December, and Hovem er. Three months noticeably
lower are August 1,259, October 1,881, and July 1,901.

The total attendance from the country during the year
was 19,112. This attendance varies by months, from 2,416
to 791. Three months having the highest country attendance
are Seotember, April, and hay. Extremely low months are
August, January, and October.

Town and country attendance is shown in Table V accord-
ing to the days of the week. The days ranked from the stand-
point of numbers attending from town are: Sunday, Saturday,
Thursday, Ionday, Tuesday, Friday, and Hednesday. The
number attending varies from 17,327 for Sunday to 1,870 for

We Line 86.8.37 0

 

Attendance from

Table IV

Town and Country by Months

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

".‘ :Ieetings Attendance

lionth ihrnber' Pct. Toia LPet. fiknni Cornfingy
October 72 1.3 2,672 5.0 1,881 791
Eovember 102 10.3 4,545 9.0 2,861 1684
December 86 8.7 4,289 8.6 2,901 L388
January 92 9.3 3,957 8.0 2,932 1025
February 84 8.5 3,445 6.9 2,287 1158
March 101 10.2 4,094 8.3 2,699 1395
April 94 9.5 5,777 11.7 3,382 2395
Kay 91 9.2 5,221 10.5 2,989 2232
June 63 6.4 4,428 8.9 2,494 1,954
July 71 7.2 3,526 7.1 1,901 1625
August 52 5.2' 2,328 4.7 1,259 L069
September 81 8.2 5,404 10.9 2,988 2416
Total 989 100.0 49,686 100.0 30,574 19112

 

 

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- 22 -

Table VI

1.
Types of Meetings and Atte dance According to Age Grmips

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

"Drypes Attendance
of TetaI' Pct.of‘ Adult Children

Meetings'—" Total ‘Humber ' Tet. Number ‘Pct.
Chur ch
Servicesl 19,420 39.1 15,603 80.3 3,817 19.7
Prayer
fleeting ' 492 1.0 475 96.5 17* 3.5
Sunday
Sch.ol , 6,524 13.1 3,786 56.0 2,738 44.0
Ladies'
Hel.0r. , 1,480 3.0 1,278 86.2 202 13.8
Young
People's
R 1ig.03’ 1,813 3.6 1,572 86.7 241 13.3
Scout 647 1.3 558 86.1 89 13.9

enior
G.Res. 193 .4 185 96.3 8 3.7
Junior
G.Res. 231 .5 16 6.6 215 93.4
EOUCBS ' 3,699 7.4 3,599 97.3 100* 2.7
Parties
&Clubs 638 1.3 604 94.6 34 5.4
Com-

Club 84 .2 84 100.0 0 0
Shows 10,738 21.6 7,970 74.2 2,768 25.8
School
Athlegic, 923 1.9 530 57.4 393 42.6
School
Pgrzjgg . 300 .6 278 92.7 22 7.3
School

I219: ’ 2,315 4.7 1,753 75.6 562 24.4
Miscel, | 189 .3 169 89.0 20 11.0
Total 49,686 100.0 38,460 77.4 11,226 22.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

* This includes small

children tho cane tith their parents.

 

in the V1115; e hold t..o services every Sunday. These
are often supplemented with other as m‘v ice 8 during the
week. This is especially true of the Catholic church.

“I

The high percentage 01 attendance at church services in
this community seems to support the statement of Hawthorn
that there are few social agencies that touch as many

(4)

people as does the church. many people in the village
seem to depend larvely upon the church for their social
contacts. These factors tend to produce the high rank-
ing for churches. The opportunity offered for many people
to participate as church officials and tirectors also en-
courages people to go to church. The program oifered
tends to appeal to all groups - young and old, married

and single, etc. 'rhc church and organizations ciiiliated
with it attracted 59.5 per cent of the total attendance

at all meetings in the community during the year.

The attendance at shows is 21.6 per cent of the total

4‘.

ior all meetings. Thi is partly because shows rere pre-

0')

sented at'a time of the year when other activities were
0°”1nD1n‘ to lag. (Table VII). Einetcen tent shows and
free moving picture shows (. the ceiiiunity has no con1.:ercial
Xiovie theater) were put on during the months April to Sept-

ember. Two tent shows were held in April, one in Kev and

U,

“fi- - ‘9

 

(4) HR\' thorn, n.B., Sociology of Rural Life, page 360.

-24..

‘

three in September. Attendance at these shows is much
higher than at the moving picture shows or meetings of
any other type. The fact that the tent shows had their
headquarters in Laingsburg and that the manager was a
local man probably has much to do with such high attend-
ance. The moving picture Qiows always had fairly high
attendance because they were free and were highly ad-
vertised. These shows were sponsored by the Commercial
Club. It will be noted that even in patherings of this
type, the attendance during August is affected, apparently
by the hot weather. The attendance at these nineteen
shows represents 21.6 per cent of the total attendance for
the year. (Table VI)

Hext to Shows in importance are the Sunday Schools.

3.1 per cent of the total attendance comes through these.
Following the Sunday Schools are the lodges, 7.4 per cent;
school entertainments, 1.6 per cent; young Peoples Religious
Organizations, 5.6 per cent; Ladies' Religious Organizations,
2.9 per cent; school athletics, 1.8 per cent; parties and
clubs, 1.4 per cent; and Boy Scouts, 1.5 per cent. All other
types each furnish less than 1 per cent of the total attend-

ance.

 

Table VII

Attendance at Shows

 

 

 

Month Np. or“' ‘. attendance“

snOts Adi1t_ Cn1ldren Town Country Total
April 2 1,750 285 775 1,260 2055
may 1 920 180 450 650 1100
June 5 965 575 520 1,020 1540
July 6 1 1,248 611 654 1,225 1859
August 4 612 427 570 669 1039
September 5 2,475 690 1,445 1,720 5165
Total 19 7,970 2,768 4,194 6,544 10758

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.. -26-

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lllgds E'l'e I. .1361319‘16136 f." GEO-'- 111:.) .30 61:3 iioL'iD-"cl c3. - "cu-(11.1,: 11311-3;

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anc: tt CJHECJ services is most con only loind 60 06 no

r... I: :- ~ ‘—~ —. ‘- ~ ~.- . ' ' " v, I ‘|-! '. " " L" 'ta‘
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scivice. uU501 l s-:V1ces have niancr acoehoalce. lleven

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’f‘f —. 1. - .- . - 44-“. - 31-13,- . .. - - .‘ ,. ,. '1 .. -
Since Ar'ger necuinys inter-st only a reLaU1Vc1y small group

~. , 1 , °..- 1.“. .3 .1-“- - J...-_ j- , 1-1-1., a .1 j, 'i ,

the 80 rrxitin s ol innns cer all ;£WP3V‘66UALP¢MV3 dolOU 1L-

., 1 3., '_'~ 7., ,- , ”1-..- ”- . .‘-_ .° 1.0 , , -" , ,_,w. '1. - ‘1, .
lne ESincrjf Se axils Lfilon :n1.e 1+ a151.1011, Slinioippi a11.:r1t 1w1V611

J 4.‘.. 1- . n 4. - . . , . _' r“ 1- ". ‘ .1-1- . ., ,-
01 the-xi -;fiVc $11 a ,tei.:11ce triloi. 7c. 5 to 115 113 1-53 n1.lier

,- - ‘4- , .,' r. .1 ' , ._ -. ,3 __ - - a .-_ -1 4.‘ in. . ,
most olc-;n icing Wu 5111., school. Sinhay eno01 .56HUllflFS

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‘A 1. C. I h 1‘ 1 ~‘ -~ I . ‘r- “‘1 ~ . hr- - - . ‘ .
(3011 JKJka)—h0.£1l_)’ {11L}. '1 '31-‘11: S $1.1. 2-.'v’(‘g‘1?‘.1 14. (31.14:. ‘J’JA 1.11.141- J'J1J ljl t1:
‘_ O O '1 w o 4- I Q ~ .. o o g
‘0 .‘ r~s ‘- ' V ‘ . q - ‘4 y
acU1V1ty and bring ,13 a,,en(.1ee up as 333nm in six : etinbs,

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4.331%} S‘-Vi.-I16y-1lt'3 111 U. 1.231 (10" 3'13”.

3988

xi OILS T

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at the

meetings

1116-27 nee

of

Table VIII
Att

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Wniformity

 

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14
17
10
17
48
87
102
185

 

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2
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moan
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75 70

Ol

91

90
61~
46-
60 59
45 87
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762

1.0
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1E1-
195
150-
180
15I;
165
136-
150
106-
120
105 1‘

 

15 19 so 5 1 80

 

-28-

J. 7 ,7 , i -\ ' n V - - 97- . . -
" '1‘ " ‘«l') h 'f‘ '. ! .‘.F ‘r.‘. i "71 r " .‘fif \ t". 0“ "' :3 ‘3‘. r. ‘4" "b
J‘J .L a . ~.. (‘IJVA‘ . : IJ‘JCL ‘14. (31.14.) £1.1IL‘...‘ J J-L .1“ C. U -=u¢1\;.".....'*1e

at Boy Scout meetings is usually below 15. Plays put on by

thi group had attendance between 121 and 180. The member-

0]

Ship in the Girl Reserves is also small. Both Junior and
Senior Girl Reserves most commonly have attendance below 15.
Lodges show a great deal of variation, although from 16 to
30 is the number most often found at the regular meetings of
these organizations. Installation of officers and conventions
tend to increase this number as is shown in those meetings wfith
with attendance between 120 and 155. A musical comedy presented
by the Eastern Star rttracted over 301 people. Since parties
and clubs are usually found in the homes, attendance at each
meeting is fairly low. A musical memory contest held by the
Women's Civic Club had an attaadance between 91 and 105.

The Commercial Club and Shows are both discussed else-
where in the paper.

Same variation is found in the number attending school
athletic contes s. This usually depends on the place the
games are held. Out door games Show attendance to be above
166. Indoor games, because of crowded conditions, tend to
prevent such attendance as is shown in the table. School parties
are usually small group or class affairs. This tends to keep th
attendance in all cases below 75. School entertainments are
well attended. All but two of these show an attendance above

150. Graduation exercises have greater numbers of people than
do any other types of school programs.

- 29 -

.Totals of all meetings during the year show that 489
or nearly one half of the gatherings, have an attendance'be-
low ll. While the greater part of the meetings have an
attendance below 75, many types show meetings with high
attendance at some time during the year. These are usually
entertainments and functions for raising money. The greatest
interest is always shown by the people of the community in

meetings of this type.

-30-

" 't -- ' " ‘h o- ‘l‘ " " -« '“' 1-- ‘ ' - ~'~“, -'< ' 'J‘ :‘u “‘ .1 a r I./ - \
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".- -' r- “ " ' ~ . 9“ 1 “\ .‘-- ‘ ,1‘ 1 ‘- ”'1‘ - ‘\ ‘ ‘ F‘ ', fl
LAO mere oelow nigh school age. (liole VI) lie LJLLS 01
m a ' r‘c‘ 7 row“? *1 r' 4'? .7: r“ {—h 1*- r: 0 4: 2'111' ~"“" 0 "' "711 7 1" C‘ 1" ('7- l “I O "C an?"
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looped, .cnool on,e:. llLAAlfis, loinr.ieooie's “rilgions Or-

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”fit’ 0 man +ipw vv-. «a. rm. was 1 ~r1‘ “.1 x Luna.
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The attendanc; ’l chiltren at the various types of me t-
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seiwfixi:s alga) r xweive iflie lnxavi;43t eifinendajn:e olftchiIJLren.
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- 31 -

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Lzan ~333 '- 3; lusnn. £30 Lypps oi mtBthgS v.hich 3c-“

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to {N3 HQEMJ blighlil icrxrt irlnjri Ilf’i in€,1L) um: L;;1031HAQ_3 oi Ciiiipékll

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ab uhLlnb sic tae .unior Girl :LCSu'vas, ginuny 3030 i, LCnJOl
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-32-

mentioned, the Girl Reserves was the only organization which
would appeal especially to girls of school age. Keither were
the Boy Scouts hardly adequate since 86.1 per cent of their
attendance was of hig 3h school boys. The results of such in-
attention to this age 'roup beconies noticeable in the 80016 1
problems presented by boys and girls of the seventh and eighth
grades. Kany of these children do not and cannot receive
adequate contacts in their homes, Hence the need for some social-
izing agency to care for this group is apparent. The improve-
ment of the associations of such children seems to be imper-
ative if the future nelIare 01 the village is to be safeguarded.
The scn‘ool may do much in contributing to the socislization
process but the ta sk is too great for anyone agency or in-
stitution.
Town and Country Att ndance at various
Types of Meetings

Table IX gives the attendance from town and country at
the different types of meetings. 50,574 people from town
attended the meetings held during the Near. 12,721 of this
number attended church services. Second to the church ser-
vices in numbers attending is the Sunday School. This type
is :ollowed in order of attendance by shows, lodges, school
entertainments, Young People's Religious Organizations, Lacies

Religious Org nizations, school athletics, parties and clubs,

 

The Attendance of Town and Country People

Table II

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

at Ieetings of the Various Types
*TFpes Attendfinge
of Total Pct.0' Town Country

Meetings Total ‘Humber Pct. Number Pct.
Church

Service 19,420 59.1 12,721 65.5 6,699 54.5
Prayer

Resting 492 1.0 455 88.0 59 12.0
Sindayr

School 6,524 15.1 4,922 75.4 1,602 24.6
eries'

Relig.0r. 1,480 5.0 1,155 76.0 545 24.0
Young Beo—

ple's Re-

lig. Org. 1,815 5.6 1,179 65.0 654 55.0
801'

Séout 647 1.5 470 77.6 177 22.4
Senior
Junior 1

Girl Res. 251 .5 208 90.0 25 10.0
Lodges H 5,699 7.4 2,098 56.7 1,601 45.5
Parties
&Clubs 658 1.5 592 92.8 46 7.2
.Com.C1 b 84 .2 84 100.0 0 0.0
Shows 10,758 21.6 4,194 59.0 6,544 61.0
School

Athletics 925 1.8 658 71.2 265 28.8
School

P-rties 500 .6 175 58.5 125 41.7
School

Enter. 2,515 4.7 1,460 65.7 855 56.5
Xiscel. 189 .5 105 54.5 86 45.5
Total 49,686 50,574 61.0 19,112 59.0

 

 

 

-34-

Boy Scouts, prayer meetings, and Junior Girl neserves. The
attendance of other types falls between 100 and 175.

The total country attendance for the year was 19,112.
As in the attendance of other groups, the church services re-
ceives the grsatest number. This is nearly equaled, however,
by shows. Shots reach out beyond the ordinary boundaries of
the community and draw many other people. This fact probably
explains the unusual numbers from the country attending shows.
The Sunday School and lodges are attended by practically an
equal number of peOple from the country. The types of meet-
ings‘nett in order attended by country people are school en-
tertainments, Young People's Religious Organizations, LsdiesS

Religious Organizations, school athletics, Boy Scouts, and

0

schdol parties. The other types all show attend nc from the

(D

[\

country to be below 160. Since the meetings of both Junior

(‘3

nd Senior Girl Reserves were held in the evening, it is rather
to be expected tlat the attendance of girls from the country
would be small. Eo type of meeting was attended entirely,
however, by town people. There were no meetings held ex-
clusively for country people.

lost significant among those types of meetings showing

small attendance from the country are the parties and clubs,

and the Commercial Club. Since the parties and clqu were

composed entirely of people living tithin the village, it was

-35-

‘unusu5fl_‘to iirxl«eount:jr71eople c~t«srdin;;tflrnn. Talflxe 1X
shone that there L638 only 7.2 per cent of the people attend-

fl "'

. . '4-.-. . . V "\ ‘ "'1 l"“ .“. 4“ . full 1 “'2 . " r“ 1. " 1' " ‘. —--. A .J 'J“ ‘
113:. bILlS «’93 01 I‘d-61 1,; 111111;“, 13.11, ,801“ iron one country.

V”. (~. ~“ ...“ ~’ ,. _ n" -. ‘3 - v_q_ _- ‘ O l__ —.‘ .F‘ .1 1 "I“ ‘ 3..
x.. o 0141 110 Shy Oll‘; '...". Mil-LU. 911;. 01105-3 J. .ll‘o VlIlJ, J-a.‘-l‘-.l‘\--1'S

were not particularly urxed to join it. Ee'th“r were the p”o-

(D
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13
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O

"- 'r‘ 4.17 I Q J. J-‘ ’1 A) n :' U‘ 0 4- - .."o f‘ If-
grams tnrougnout the bflrvb years 01 its Alia.

. 4- ° N .1. .. -, -
6J3 blhe the lecor

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4.

.... ,. ”‘g‘ . o n“ o _‘ . -.. 1 j (V'.. ... J‘~_ f) ‘
inc-es '..11.1;ll’1 one 1'111a..-.. and tne lor-

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.- -. _ . , 1 n _ _-.:_o -_-. . ,-.... - .r-'- .. - ° . -,,,, .3
1 ~1 as rip-deep 01 an s eh. e 010 Club 214:6 the main reasons

,.. _.~..1 A,“ : n _,_ '1 .- . 1. fl. '. ‘ -. .. ° .‘ - - vb 4:. * . * r, . , 1- -,
LLLIUU-Lbuis .L ('3 Vol? (113111;; ’ JG t u .1 I1 3.1.5.51-11'4111'.) 1.11: 4110 LS , C'IIR l; r.‘ L) O

‘ in (‘0 .‘ _ _ W‘ ‘ O L," _O .0 _ . "Ffi . r . ’\ : ‘f 7" '- 0
get tuC 1a*mers to buy in JulS darticulrr to-n LUrG beirg o1s-
‘ ' J 'V '1' 1 1 ‘IN‘ ' " Ar v " L c . L ‘

e1 sad 5 .anedlts, 1cm Seemed to Iaali e the tne real or-

portunity to promote better ieelinfi was being lost. The line

~

--,,. . -,, - - ~ .,1- , A..- 2. ‘ .'__,— -‘.
080.8611 183.1338 $111.1 1.3.31‘0181168 St; 1:18 to 3.1-: ratner F.181".«-CL... .118

- J-‘ ..

v , . I“ q "*r‘! \ '4 “ r‘“. .-4 " '7 "r "'I ‘ ' . .’ 1 ‘
COHLUTClil club has ,10urdly t1; or, nizetion thicn could have

’- wr r of; '1’]. “ """-!14“7fl’r fi .‘rxrw «n ' J" h” )I“7“° ‘ F‘
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JLV ul‘.;.\zt4 ls.) J— IQHI DO n11 C.1-L- L)U J.) ’Jl-L (fi Gill] 13 4.1.01 'LL‘J 001.11.111‘3'.
3171.": 10(1 ('o f‘ I" I". 71" n 111’: (‘1 r~ “‘11) "L.“ - v < r. L - ' e 7' “q ' 3‘ . .
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w n~ ' .T-n'. 7" 1‘— "*’~ ‘ - -=-‘- v *- ’~" ' - r- ’ ' ’ '
pari on 01 .ohiruntcouhtrw ae-eneane. ‘Nle the “t“erlsnce

J («LUIJJAIL ‘LZ. V

- 56 -

of country people at church services is fireater than the
number attending lodges, the church can scarcely be said to

be farther reaching. It has been observed that most of the
country people attending church services are as regular in
attendance as weather conditions and roads will permit. Bach
church has a certain number of :ura families that attend
se°vices regularly and these make up the greater portion of
the country attendance. It seems that fairly few people from
'he countr* are ocersional church goers. This is not true of
the lodges. While there are many farmers who attend lodge
meetings regularly, there are many more who go only a few times
a year. In other words, there seems to be a greater variety
of individuals from the country drann into lodye meetings than

into the churches.

Regularity of Programs Given

There is JUCh variation in the number of programs of the
various organizations. Only four types of meetings were found
which presented regular progcams throughout the year. These
were the church, Sunday School, Young People's Religious Or-
ganizations, and the lodges. (Table X) All other organizations

,resent programs more or less intermittently. The summer season

i

seems to be the time when many kinds 02 meetings are discon-

tinued.

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In Table X is shoxn the number of the various types of
meetings held each month throughout the year. It \Wil be
noted that the four types of meetings previously mentioned,
the church, Sunday School, Young People's Religious Orgrni-
nations, and the lodges, are outstanding in the total number
of meetings held. Four hundred and forty-seven of the meet-
ings recorded pertain directly to church services. meetings
of this type are found to be most numerous during Korch, April,
September, and November. They are not numerous during June,

rhigust, and October. This difie rence is cue chieily to the
irregularity-of the organizations themselves. There mere 146
meetings pertaining to the Sunday School for the year. Activity
in the Sunday School does not always coincide with that of the

churcl. Konths in which the the area atest number of Sunday School

x.)

meetings are held are hoveuber, Dec :nber and hay. The Young
People's Religious or ga ations with a total of 101 meetings

are fairly regular in number e: cept during August and September.
These groups which are most active during March when 15 meet-
tings were held continue with 10 each month until August.

The programs of the lodges are aeriifii tely er;anged.
Tlie r is less variation from month to month in this type of
meeting than in any other type. One hunéred tnent y-t} *.ree meet-
ings of fraternal organizations re distributed over the entire

year. The highest months are Rovember and Harch with twelve

-39..

and fourteen meetings respectively. Seven months show 10 or

ll meetings of this type. The lowest months are June and July.
None of the other types of meetings exceed thirty-three in
number. All types are most numerous during the winter than

at any other season of the year. Since the she s mere held

out of doors, they were most numerous in the summer season.

The Commercial Club has the smallest number of meetings, only
three of this type being recorded. This club which had been

Q C
u

fairly rctive, died soon af

J I

oer the present study was started.
These three meetings were the last held by the club. Ladiee'
Religious organizations held 35 meetings. Only a few of these
are held each month, although they are regular in distribution
and extend throughout the yerr, except during JulV. 25 Boy
Scout meetings were held from Iovember until Kay. A change in
leadership was resoonsible for the decrease in meetings when
'this activity should have been at its best. Although this loss
“was felt keenly, Boy Scout work has not been started again.
During the months, October to June, inclusive, the Girl Reserves
held 32 meetings. The leadership of this organization has in
the school. Conseguently no meetings were held during the sum-
mer when they might have been the most successful. Functions
such as parties.and club meetirgs are held in all months of the
year except June, July, and Auyust. Twenty-seven meetings of

this type were distributed fairly evenly over the other nine

-40-

months. Parties and club meetings are most numerous in
December and January. Nineteen shows were held from April
to September, inclusive. The school programs more distri-
buted evenly throughout the nine months when school was in
session. One meeting of this type was held in September.
All other months have from two to three school programs ex-
cept January which has seven.

The four miscellaneous types of meetings included two
meetings of sportsmen, a cemetery association, and a shipping

association.
Places Where Meetings Are Held~

It was found that the meetings of the year were held
in seven different types of places. TableXI) 696 or 70.3
per cent of the total number, were held in churches. The
types of meetings other than religious meetings held in the
churches were the school entertainments, Boy Scouts, and
clubs.

Few meetings other than lodge meetings were held in lodge
halls during the year. However, church organizations, parties
and clubs, school meetings, and miscellaneous types used the

lodge halls to some degree during the year.

Almost 10 per cent of the meetings were held in homes.
This is probably due to the influence of certain types of or-

ganizations which tend to break up the attendance into smaller

edeo NH

1.1
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.. 42,-

interest groups. The Ladies' Religious Organizations and
parties are especially apt to meet in homes. These groups
are small, so consequently the home is quite satisfactory as
a meeting place. Other types of organizations that meet in
homes are Girl Reserves and school parties.

Of the 25 meetings of Boy Scouts, 24 were held in the
Boy Scout hall and the other one in a church. If the activ-
ities of this organization had continued during the spring and
summer, the program of meetings would probably have shown a
variation from this practice.

I here were 19 shows held out of doors during the year.
These, as previously discussed, were all free moving pictures
and tent shows. Four other types of organizations also held
gatherings out of doors. The number held by the school would
have been much greater except for the fact that it was necess-
ary to play most of the ball games out of town. The school
held nine meetings in the school building. Many meetings
under the auspices of the school had to be held at places other
than the school because space in the school house was not
available.

There were five meetings held in various miscellaneous
places. These places included stores, town hall, and restaur-

ants, Hany meetings were held in place poorly fitted to their

3

.se

0

needs. This fact discourages attendance and tends to decre

.. 43-

the number of meetings actually held. Iany types of programs,
especially school pregrams, often seemed to lose much of their
importance because they could not he held in the school house.
This is also true of many types not held in appropriate places.
These facts necessarily suggest the need for a community
center building in Laingsburg. The need was definitely recog-
nized and steps were taken to secure a building during the year
of the survey. The Women's Civic Club first suggested the idea.
Then it was taken up by the Commercial Club. The township al-
ready owned a lot in the main part of town and plans were made
to build a community center on this ground. 530,000 were to
be raised through bonding the township. However, little effort
was made to help people outside the village realize that such
a plan could benefit them and when the bond issue was brought
up at the spring election it was badly defeated. If the matter
had been handled more systematically and with greater diplomacy,
undoubtedly the plan would have carried. It is evident that
the village and community needs leaders who can understand such

needs and who can make other persons realize them.

- 44-
Participation in the Programs

During he year 612 people took part in the presentation
7

of the programs.( ) 408 of these were residents of the com-
munity and 204 came from other pla es. 106 people took part
in presenting music, 237 spok at different occasions, and 209
took part in plays, pageants, and entertainments of this nature.

Forty-three local people took part in Sunday School programs.
These mere for the most part children acting in dialogues and
short plays. The Women's Religious Organizations had 85 people
from the coamunity in their programs. 24 of these helped with
music and 59 spoke at the various gatherings. 101 acted as
leaders at the meetings of the Ybung Peeple's Religious Organi-
zations. lCO took part in the school programs. These were
pupils who gave musical numbers or took part in debates, and
plays. These four groups of organizations are the most signi-
ficant of all, from the standpoint of numbers of local people
participating in the programs.

There was necessarily perhaps, a great deal of repatition
in the use of those people who were talented enough to take

part in the programs. An intimate knowledge 0; the village

 

(7) Parts regularily taken by ministers, choir leaders, lodge
officials, etc. are not included. Participation here is limited
to Speaking, taking part in plrys and giving musical numbers of

some kind.

Table III

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Participants in the Programs
'Plece of '
Organi- “Pairedce Of Type of Activity Totals
zation -Trtitlgflnuihfisic Speaking ' Tlays é'1L :LpL
Church Laingsburg 5 5 10 .
3-8 where 3 31 44
Sunday Lainrgsburg 43 43,
School Elsewliere 3 3
Women's Lains3m mg 24 59 83
Rel.0rg. Elsewhere r 2 5 7
Young
People's LainNOburg 101 101
Rel.0rg. Elscwiere 57 13 20 69
Boy Laingsburg 5 17 32
v§gout Elsewhere 3 21
Girl Lains b
Reserve Elsewhere
La ings sbairg_L 10 18 28
Lodges ils,\nere 2 2
farties Lain sbur 7 8 15
& Clubs Elsewhere 3 3
Com. Laifigsbur 6 6
Club sewnere l l
Laingsbur
Shows a sewhere 60 60
Laii ("Dlrfl 78 12 10 100
School ElsewhereQ 7 4 2 13
All Typer 166 237 209 408 204

 

 

 

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Participating in Program at Laingsburg during the Your
October, 1925 - October, 1926

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Sum mar y

The variation in the number of meetings each month
indicetes thet as Ear es regularity is concerned, the meet-
ings are not evenly distributed through the veer. However,

I;

this irre ulerity seems to be in keeping with the needs of

the people of the community. The area est number of meet-
ings are held during those months when farmers have some
leisure time. Those church and fraternal orgenizations tend,
more then others, to make the number of meetings held uni-
form from month to month throughout the entire year. While
other' organizations vary some in the number of meetings each
month, they do not continue throughout the year. The show is
the only type which is more active in summer than during the
fell and winter months. Ieetings do not appear to be evenly
‘istributed according to the day of the Leek or the time of
day though duplications of meetings were generally avoided if
two meetings involved the sen group of people.

This arrangement of meetings suggests that some attention
has been given to the existing needs. The fact that most meet-
ings are held evenings and Sundays permits this conclusion.
Leaders of the various organizations tended to arrange the
activities of their organization so there would be as little
conflict as possible, with other progrems. Although there has

been no concerted and conscious planning beyond this, results

-51-

seem to be effective. The only enception is found in the
churches. Zach church necessarily he s its service 8 on the
same day hence there is a great deal of over-lapping that
cannot be avoided. Owing to the i‘a ct that meetings of the
cM1u1ches are held si: ulta;'1eously the numbers of church meet-
ings exceed all others. He remedy, it seems, can be suggested
for this as long as there are three P otestent churches in the
community. If differences between sects were erased, more ef-
fective and acceptable work could be done.

The church, Sunday School, shows, and school gatherings
att re.3t the greatest numbers ofa dults and children. Since
the church programs continue t1 rouLhout all the year and the
school pr05re ms through ten months, these organizations accom-
plish most in :neeting the needs of both groups. According to
attendance, lodges play a more important part in the social
life of adults than does the school.

The church, Sunday School, lod5ges, shows, and school are
the organizations which oring the most peeple from town and
country together at the same me The influence of the

shows, though great, is felt here during only a part of the

ED

yea Lodge meetings dr a wider group of people from town
and country than do other my es of meetings. While there are
more eigenizations with proa ems especially fitted to the needs
of adults, i.e., lodges, parties, and.clubs, Laties' Religious

Oraaniz a tions, and Commercial Club, there is but one organi-

-52-

pl

zation, Junior Girl Reserves, tith programs 'esirned to meet
the needs of children. The Boy Scout organization comes close
to being in this class but is composed mostly of high school
boys. The scarcity of amusements and the lack of definite work
outside of school creates a problem of providing suitable meet-
ings and contacts for the young folks. There is certainly no
other chase of social life in the community which is slighted
more than this.

Local people take part to a marked dc rec in helping with
the programs which are presented. hhile there is some repetition
these programs are varied and are supplemented by talent from
outside the community. All three types of activities, music,
speaking, plays and entertainments, are added to in this way
during the year. Though these various groups are not perfectly
balanced, it is helieved that occasional attempts are made to

help them become more so.

- 53 -
Bibliography

Brunner, E. 3.
Village Communities
Doran, 1927.

Gillette, M. G.
Rural Sociology -- Chapter XXV
Macmillan Company, 1928.

Hawthorn, H. B.
The Sociology of Rural Life
Chapters VI, IV, XVI, XVII.
Century Company, 1926.

Hypes, J. L.
Social Participation in a Rural New England Town
Columbia University Studies.

Lindeman, E. C.‘
Social Discovery -- Chapter VIII
Republic Publishing Company, 1924.

Sanderson, Dwight.
The Farmer and His Community

Chapters, V, XIII, 11V.
Harcourt, Brace, and Company, 1922.

Sims, N. L.
The Rural Community -- Chapter VIII.
Chas. Scribners and Sons, 1920.

Steiner, J. F.
Community Organization -- Chapter II
Century Company, 1925.

Taylor, C. C.
Rural Sociology6 -- Chapter XVIII.
Harpers, 92

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