L __.— __.— _— _— __— __.— __.— __— _— —;; __—__— __— _— _— _— I — A DESIGN FOR A HKSHWAY BRIDGE AT THE PROPOSED BOGU! STREET CROSSING OF THE RED CEDAR Thais hr flu Dog!“ of B. S. Ml‘CfllGAN STATE COLLEGE G. W. Mid»! u D. L. Welling 1949 w \ I‘lu’lr ..4.__ .ir‘.--- _ __.h . A Design for a Highway Bridge at the Preposed Bogus Street Crossing of the Red Cedar A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of MICHIGAN STATE COLLEGE of AGRICULTURE AND APPLIED SCIENCE by G. W. Michel D. L. Welling Candidates for the Degree of Bachelor of Science June 19h9 THES‘S .L‘ \Nruv u\.r ., 15; Acknowledgements Mr. William Bradley: For actinges advisor and checker on our design. For explaining design details and procedures of thesis compoétion. Mr. C. D. Beukema: For advice about highway specifications and helpful suggestinns about ways of aphroaching this bridge design. Porete Manufacturing Company: For detailed design information that was used in computing the super- struciure details by Alpha Composfi;e Construction Specifications. 217868 The campus of Michigan State College has of recent years expanded itself to the east to quite an extent. The construction of Snyder-Phillips and Shaw Dormitories in addition to 1fl1e existing Mason—Abbot Dormitory, as well as the construc- tion of the new Physics Building: and the Natural Science Building, have made this part of the college property a more integral part of the campus proper. More so than ever before. The development of this eastern portion of the campus has brought a tremendous increase in the amount of vehicular traffic to this area. The traffic increase comes not only from the numbers of private vehicles of visitors of the dormitory residents, but also from the commercial vehicles supplying food and services necessary for efficient Operation and maintenance of the se buildings. The existing means of crossing the Red Cedar do not conveniently serve this more reCENtly develo::-ed area. In view of the prov-1th in importance of this eastern portion of the campus, we have proposed the design of a new crossing of the Red Cedar. The proposed sight of this new crossing would be on a gmMJthern extension of the west land of Bogus Boulevard. This extension would cross the Red Cedar and intersect a future (yxtension.of South Shaw Lane, east of the new Shaw Dormitory. It; is felt that such a crossing would greatly increase the -2- accessibility of the men's housing and college property in thb area. Another decided advantage of such a crossing would be as a traffic easing measure. After tde completion of large college activities which have brought considerable traffic on campus, present outlets from campus are very congested. An additional means of crossing the Red Cedar would a?ovide more ready access to the main traffic arteries. After several observations of the prOposed bridge site, the following preliminary decisions were made: In view of the relatively high level of the proposed Shaw Lane extensions and the existing Bogue Street pavemalt with respect to river level, the proposed bridge would have to be set correspondingly high with respect to the existing ground level to eliminate any great negative grade on the bridge approaches. A bridge in such a setting, to attain more pleasing lines, should probably be of a single span design in view of the appearing awkwardness that could be associated with a high pier supuorting section. In addition, a single span bridge would eliminate construction difficulties connected with pier construction and the absence of a pier would eliminate the accompanying obstruction to stream flow. Such a lack of obstruction would be most keenly appreciated during the relatively high flood stages of tne Red Cedar as compared with normal flow. -3- For economy of construction, it was decided that a rolled beam rather than a plate girder would be used if at all possible. The rolled beam was selected and at this point the possibility of the use of ALPHA Composite Construction wag considered. This type of design makes possible the use of longer unsupported spans. Such results are possible by con- sidering that the concrete deck slab and the bridge beams act as though compositely constructed. These results accomplished by welding spiraled reinforcing bars to the tops of the beams and thus insuring thwt the concrete and steel act as one develop greater moments of inertia than if only the steel beam sections were considered. Studies Made for Preliminary Plans (From Michigan State Bridge Department Specifications) §pan Lengths: (From the Mississippi Valley Conference, 1940) The discussion relative to the best method of determining span lengths for new structures substantiated the practice of the M. S. H. D. The majority of states are using existing structures wherever possible to determine span lengths and are supplementing this determination by a calculation based upon either Talbot's or Donn's formula. Stream Data and Waterway Area: The stream gauging stations, maintained by the U. S. Department of Interior, on various streams throughout Michigan have been located on our county map. -A- Data for each station showing maximum one-half minute discharge, drainage area, runoff data, etc., are on file in Lansing. This data should be checked when determining span lengths for proposed structures. Railing: In general, concyete bridge railings are used on all concrete structures and occasionally they are used on steel structures also. The height of the rail is two feet, nine inches, and a standard eight feet, six inch panel is used between with the exception of the center and end panel, where a neces- sary adjustment may be made. Abutments: Cantilever abutments will be used for walls eight feet, zero inches to twenty feet, zero inches, measured from the ton of footing to the bridge seat. Usually the wall thickness at the base is to be approximately 0.14 of the distance between the tOp of footing and the crown of road. Footings to be as thick as walls at base. If the thickness of the wall at its base as determined above becomes three feet or greater, the footing thickness in the case where no piles are used shall be increased from the usual two feet, six inches to three feet, zero inches. l§lppes in Front of Abutments: Either rip rap or stone facing is to be used between the fascia lines on all structures where there is a considerable amount of fill in front of the abutments. In general, stone facing is to be used on these projects where appearance is an item of importance. On other structures, the -5- above slopes are to be reprapped. Upon commencing this thesis, our ideas included all the data found in the finished plans of a proposed bridge. Thka included among other things the complete design of supers;ruc- ture, abutments, wingwalls, earthwork computations, and complete detailing such as railing, steel take off, etc. When we started our thesis with the proposed bridge site surveV, it soon became most apparent to us that we had picked enough work for at least two if not more theses; con- sequently, as the design problem was of the most interest to us, we decided to obtain enough data to allow us to start the design and to commence there. The design problem proved very interesting; howaver, it also became involved and time consuming. Due to the time allotted for the thesis, the design problem of the bridge will constitute our thesis. However, this does not complete this thesis as we would like to see it completed. And as a suggestion to any person or persons who would like to finish this thesis, we offer the following topics: 1. Taking a log of borings and calculation of earth excavation and fill. 2. 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