‘-.M......g;”,“ yum»- w. -‘ \....~. .fi «xv. ~....-. .5-“ . “A“... “a . L" ... “1.1“... ‘,..,_..‘....r.., -..’..--.‘.n.,‘ ”-7,“. w“... """ '7'”? ‘ > -Irv~n~~. 4 —..,4. ..‘,,....~.‘ , , ...,...._._ M" "" 1—H.“ a. , ';:~.«,--.. um... q... . _ . _ _ V ( fl . . , 4...“ . ,. rw-V amp“- .. Ar»- . . "my. 14‘13‘3-1u ”u..." ,, ».'..."."'L’.“,’""""~"" "1 " ~.. . m». . .1, , r "" ' c “hm. ,r. ‘ -r. ‘l'vo.1vr-w ’ 4 n... W. :_n«..-. I” w,” ' I" I * u..-» u.“ “In.“ I i " ' ’ « V... A1“ a»... U N." a 1...“: ..........‘A...,..,_, Hum... w, . m. ...,.,,,,, u. ..», n'wryn‘uw-«u- nun-m...»~ w... .A. .». ~m...u._, ‘ ‘ ' rr,..r.¢m~,».- ”W V > W" :.'.... ”nun”..- ..,.- . w..-”,.,., . .,."_'UI--.--».« . wan-w“ Yum-w“ . '- w": w“, flay-“VS wig-'5'.- . ‘ " ABSTRACT JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN DEANS, ADMINISTRATORS, AND COUNSELORS: AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS, 1938 - 1974 BY Beverly A. Belson Of the professional organizations, within the field of guidance/student personnel work, the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Coun- selors is among the oldest, having been organized in 1916. The Association has, since 1938, published a quarterly Journal. The purpose of this study is to historically analyze that publication from the time of its initiation through the Summer Issue, 1974. (l) The five major objectives of this study are: To identify those designated Association members who have contributed their professional expertise to the publication in the role of Editor, Associate Editor, Managing Editor, Section Editor, or other officer of the Association; Beverly A. Belson (2) To trace, historically, the format of the Journal as it relates to the inclusion or exclusion or special interest sections; (3) To report, on the basis of article theme or topic, those issues and concerns which have been presented in an attempt to meet the member's needs for knowledge of the profession; (4) To identify the contributing authors by sex, membership status, and by occupation at the time of the contribution of the material; and (5) To determine to what degree the Journal article contents speak to the concerns of a single sex or whether, in fact, it is of general value to professional guidance/student personnel workers of both sexes. It is not the purpose of this study to analyze the pro— fessional competence of the authors who contribute to the Journal nor will there be an attempt to judge the professional quality of the content of the articles published in the Journal. The first editor of the Journal, Dr. Ruth M. Strang, remained in the position for twenty years and her successor, Dr. Kate Hevner Mueller, had been an Associate Editor prior to assuming her role as Editor. The latter role she was to retain for nine years. The Beverly A. Belson first two Editors were given considerable latitude to develop editorial policies and procedures for the publi- cation. Both Ruth M. Strang and Kate Hevner Mueller exerted great influence in taking responsibility for personally soliciting manuscripts and making the final decisions concerning the material which was finally included for publication. They were obviously appointed to the editorship because they were recognized authorities in the field of guidance/student personnel services and both had been influential in shaping the professional lives of the Association members through their previous record of publication in the field. Along with the authority to make final publication decisions, they brought to the position the recognized expertise to make such decisions based upon a background of broad edu- cational knowledge and interests. The second two Journal Editors, serving during the past five years, have assumed a somewhat different editorial posture by openly solicit- ing manuscripts and spreading the final responsibility for decisions on manuscripts among a variety of Editorial Consultants and Journal Committee members. Consequently, the current Journal is a reflection of committee con— sensus rather than the result of the influence of one or several individuals. The research, related to a study of Special Sections of the Journal, has indicated that there were Beverly A. Belson four such sections which met the basic criteria of a publication history of ten years or more. These sections have been defined as: (1) "Book Routes"; (2) "Secondary School Exchange"; (3) "College and University Exchange"; and (4) "We Deans." The publication span of each of these sections was approximately twenty—five years. Each of the sections reflected the Association membership's interest in sharing programs and project ideas and other news of a professional nature. The analysis of the Journal article title, topic or theme indicates that 705 content articles have been published in thirty-six issues of the publication. This analysis does not include those speeches presented before the Association Annual Convention. This latter group of articles adds another 235 articles to the Journal content. Seventy-five per cent of the content articles have been related to three topical area themes: (1) human development; (2) methods and techniques; and (3) substantive areas. In reviewing the publication span of the Journal, it can be noted that approximately two-thirds of the content articles have addressed them- selves to the concerns of personnel workers at the post- secondary education level. However, a closer scrutiny of the data indicates that those articles dealing with the concerns of educators at the level of secondary and below have sharply declined in the last six years. Beverly A. Belson An analysis of author occupation indicates that 91.09 per cent of the contributors are employed in some phase of education. An analysis of date, by sex of author, indicates that 482 authors were female and 292 were male. Approximately one—third of the contributing female authors were members of the Association. Articles, pertaining to the concerns of women, have been included in all topical areas with the exception of the last one which deals with research and evaluation. However, only 20.28 per cent of the total number of content articles (705) could be identified as dealing primarily with the concerns of female students and/or professional workers in the field of guidance/ student personnel work. In summary, the topical analysis would support the premise that the Journal publication is designed to provide an informational service to members which is primarily centered around the development of skills, methods, and techniques which are related to specific guidance/personnel job functions. The content articles reflect the need to provide a publication service for those postsecondary members who comprise the majority of the current membership. Increasingly, over the past decade, members of the Association have come to work with both male and female students and professional Beverly A. Belson counterparts of the opposite sex. The topical analysis indicates that Journal content articles are designed to assist the reader to work effectively with students and professionals of both sexes. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN DEANS, ADMINISTRATORS, AND COUNSELORS: AN HISTORICAL ANALYSIS, 1938 - 1974 BY "a \ Beverly A: Belson A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Administration and Higher Education 1974 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to acknowledge the inspiration and assistance provided by two women professionals in the field of college student personnel. The first is Dr. Martha Eunice Hilton who served as a teacher and role model during the writer's introductory years in the field. As an academician, she insisted upon a student's continual review and assessment of the literature in the profes- sional field. Her interest in the Association provided, in part, the impetus for the writer to consider an historical analysis of the professional journal pub— lished by the NAWDAC. The second, Dr. Laurine E. Fitzgerald, served as the Chairperson of the Guidance Committee. Her persistence in encouraging the candidate to pursue an advanced degree and her special assistance in developing a research project related to an historical analysis of a professional publication are gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgment is also due members of the Guidance Committee, Dr. Milton B. Dickerson, Dr. Richard L. Featherstone, and Dr. Willa Norris. Assistance was ii also provided by Dr. Frances H. De Lisle, a former NAWDAC member, who agreed to read the copy from a member's per— spective. Additionally, the NAWDAC Headquarters Office, as well as Dr. Margaret Berry and Ms. Barbara Palmer, assisted in providing copies of Journals which were utilized in compiling the data analyses. iii EDUCATION: B.A. EMPLOYMENT: 1955-56 1956—57 1957-59 1959-61 1961-65 1965-73 1973-74 1974- VITA BEVERLY A. BELSON (1955) University of Northern Iowa Dual Major: Library Science Elementary Education (1959) Syracuse University Major: Student Personnel Adminis- tration (1974) Oral Defense, August 14, 1974 Michigan State University Administration/Higher Education Emphasis: Student Personnel Cognate: Business Law Director of Public Elementary School Library Program, Racine, Wisconsin Assistant Director, Bartlett Hall University of Northern Iowa Student Dean, Dean of Women's Office Syracuse University Resident Counselor, Assistant to the Dean of Women, Instructor—-College of Education Kent State University Head Resident Advisor Michigan State University Area Coordinator, Residence Hall Programs Office, Michigan State University Director, Staff Selection, Residence Hall Programs Office, Michigan State University Assistant Director, Division of Education and Research, Dean of Students Office, and Instructor, Department of Adminis— tration and Higher Education, Michigan State University PROFESSIONAL/HONORARY AFFILIATIONS: Kappa Delta Pi Alpha Beta Alpha Alpha Lambda Delta Zonta Club of Lansing Michigan Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors - iv PUBLICATIONS: Guide to Guidance (Volume XXI), Syracuse University Press, 1959 "Future Shock or Post Hoc?" The MSU Orient, Winter, 1972 "Title VII, Civil Rights Act 1964, As Amended: Implications for Higher Education." The MSU Orient, 1973 "Supplemental References Re: The Counseling of Women." The Counseling Psychologist, IV (1973). TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND . . . . . 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . l The Problem . . . . . . . . . . 1 Background. . . . . . . . . . 3 Need for the Study . . . . . . . . 8 Definition of Terms. . . . . . . . 9 Sources of Data . . . . . . . 10 Limitations of the Study . . . . . . 11 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . . . . . . . 12 Literature Pertaining to the Historical Development of the Journal. . . . 12 Literature Pertaining to the Content Analysis of the Journal. . . . . . 17 III. METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Format . . . . . . . . . 24 Contributions of Designated Individuals . 25 Content Analysis Based Upon Article Title, Theme, or Topic . . . . . . 26 Author Occupation, Sex, and Membership Status . . . . . . . . 31 Topical Analysis Combined with Occu- pation, Sex, and Membership Status of Authors . . . . . . . . 32 Content Directed to the Concerns of Women. . . . . . . . . . . . 33 IV. ANALYSIS OF DATA. . . . . . . . . . 35 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Publication Title. . . . . . . . 35 Cover Design . . . . . . . . . 36 Pagination . . . . . . . . . . 39 Advertising. . . . . . . . . 40 Membership Listing . . . . . . . 42 vi Chapter Page Contributors List . . . . . . . . 43 Special Sections . . . . . . . . 45 Summary: Format . . . . . . . . 67 Contributions of Designated Individuals . 69 Editors . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Associate Editors . . . . . . . . 102 Consulting Editors. . . . . . . . 105 Editorial Consultants. . . . . . . 106 Managing Editors . . . . . . . . 108 Journal Board . . . . . . . . . 112 Editors of Special Sections. . . . . 113 Summary: Designated Individuals . . . 117 Topical Analysis Combined with Occupation, Sex, and Membership Status of Authors . 118 Content Analysis Based Upon Article Title, Theme or Topic . . . . 119 Data Analysis Related to Author Occu- pation, Sex, and Membership Status. . 129 Topical Analysis Combined with Occu- pation, Sex, and Membership Status of Authors. . . . . . . . 132 Topical Analysis for Convention Speeches Combined with Occupation, Sex, and Membership Status of Speakers . . . 134 Content Directed to the Concerns of Women . . . . . . . . 136 Summary of Analysis of Data. . . . . 138 V. CONCLUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Summary of Research Findings . . . . . 141 Contributions of Designated Individuals. 142 Special Interest Sections . . . 144 Content Analysis Based Upon Article Title, Theme or Topic . . . . . 145 Author Occupation, Sex and Membership Status . . . . . . . . 146 Content Directed to the Concerns of Women . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Implications . . . . . . . . . 147 Recommendations for Future Research. . . 152 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . 154 vii APPENDICES Appendix Page A. TOPICAL COVER THEMES . . . . . . . . . 155 B. TOPICAL ANALYSIS COMBINED WITH OCCUPATION, SEX, AND MEMBERSHIP STATUS OF AUTHORS, VOLUME II -- VOLUME XXXVII . . . . . . 160 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . 196 viii Table LIST OF TABLES Format of the Journal of the National Associ— ation for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors . . . . . . . . . . . Individuals designated as having responsi- bility for the publication of the Associ- ation Journal . . . . . . . . . . Content analysis of the Association Journal based upon article title, theme or topic . Topical analysis of the Association Journal combined with occupation, sex, and member— ship status of authors . . . . . . . ix Page 70 79 127 133 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Of the professional organizations, within the field of guidance/student personnel work, the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Coun- selors is among the oldest, having been organized in 1916 under the name of National Association of Deans of Women.1 The Association has, since 1938, published a quarterly Journal. The purpose of this study is to historically analyze that publication from the time of its initiation through the Summer Issue, 1974. The Problem Dr. Kate Hevner Mueller, Professor Emeritus, Indiana University, and Editor of the Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and Counselors from 1960 to 1969 has stated: 1The organization cited was known as the National Association of Deans of Women from 1916 to 1956. In 1956 the name was changed to the National Association of Women Deans and Counselors. In April, 1973, the name was changed to National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors. “-fl 2 The most significant role of any professional organization is to serve its individual members, for the members in turn serve society. Service to members is of three kinds: (1) clarifying the objectives and stimulating members to achieve them; (2) meeting the member's needs for knowledge, status, and security; and (3) recruiting new members. The accumulated knowledge of the pro— fession reaches its members through published journals, monographs, and books and, of course, meetings, conventions, and workshops.2 The: National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, andl Counselors has not regularly published monographs or k>ooks but has relied upon the Journal as the primary priJIted medium through which to provide the service of meerting the member's needs for knowledge of the pro- fession. The five main objectives of this study are: (1) To identify those designated Association members who have contributed their professional exper- tise to the publication in the role of Editor, Associate Editor, Managing Editor, Section Editor, or other officer of the Association; (2) To trace, historically, the format of the Journal as it relates to the inclusion or exclusion of special interest sections. Such sections to include Association business, membership listings, ..__‘_‘________________ p 2Kate Hevner Mueller, Colle e Personnel Work As A J:C’fession (Boston: Houghton M1ff11n Company, 1961), pp- 16- 7. ¥ “— section exchanges, book routes, bibliographies, and individual news items concerning members; (3) To report, on the basis of article theme or topic, those issues and concerns which have been presented in an attempt to meet the member's needs for knowledge of the profession; (4) To identify the contributing authors by sex, membership status, and by occupation at the time of the contribution of the material; and (5) To determine to what degree the Journal article contents speak to the concerns of a single sex or whether, in fact, it is of general value to professional guidance/student personnel workers of both sexes. It is not the purpose of this study to analyze the pro— fessional competence of the authors who contribute to the Journal nor will there be an attempt to judge the professional quality of the content of the articles published in the Journal. Background In 1915, Kathryn McLean (later Kathryn McLean Phillips), newly appointed Dean at a teachers college in Chadron, Nebraska, placed a notice in the American Journal on Education asking if there were any other Deans of Women planning to attend the summer session at Teachers College, Columbia University, and if so, they were requested to communicate with Dean McLean in Nebraska. Four Deans answered the notice and this group of five women met once a week, during the 1915 summer session, to discuss common concerns and problems. These same five women were planning to return the following summer to Teachers College to study for higher degrees and they began to take the first steps to arrange for an organization. The National Education Association was to have a meeting, during the summer of 1916, in New York City and the group began early that year to request permission for the Deans of Women to be mentioned in the NEA program. It was felt that such mention would give the organization the necessary edu- cational standing. The first meeting of the Deans of Women was held on July 6, 1916, in the Horace Mann Auditorium, Columbia University, and an audience of two hundred were in attendance. In a presentation before the annual convention of the National Association of Deans of Women in 1953, Mrs. Kathryn McLean Phillips reported on the account of that first meeting, as recorded by Dr. A. E. Winship, editor of the American Journal on Education. At this meeting in July, 1916, no more interesting and affiliated group met than the one in connection with the Conference of Deans of Women, admirably planned and conducted by Dean Kathryn Sisson McLean, State Teachers College, Chadron, Nebraska, graduate of Ohio Wesleyan and post-graduate of Columbia University. With her on the platform were other successful deans from far and near, to add their contribution to the solution of the question-~What a Dean of Women is——what her duties are.3 The National Association of Women Deans, Admin— istrators, and Counselors has now marked its fifty—eighth anniversary as a professional organization in the field of guidance/student personnel work. During a business meeting of the Association convention in 1962, Dr. Lillian Johnson, then president of the organization, delineated three unique features that make the Associ— ation distinctly different from other professional organizations in the area of guidance and student per— sonnel work. 1. Our membership encompasses those who work with students at all levels of the educational con- tinuum, from elementary and secondary levels through collegiate and adult education. In this sense, ours is a very heterogeneous group. This diversity gives us an opportunity to bridge the gaps arti— ficially produced in the child's educational development by the organization of our schools and institutions of higher learning. 2. Our membership is limited to women although our concerns in the field of education are not. This limitation has been variously interpreted and has caused some who do not meet this qualification, through no fault of their own, to accuse us of being guilty of "discriminatory practices." Although many societal forces have operated to bring about changes since the founding of this Association, our leaders have felt there was a continuing need for such a women's organization in the guidance and student personnel field to interpret the changing role of women in our society and the resulting need for changes in their education. 3Kathryn McLean Phillips, "Beginning," Journal of the National Association of Deans of Women 16 (June 1953 : 43. 3. NAWDC is the only personnel or guidance associ- ation that is a department of NBA.4 The first two unique features, described by Dr. Johnson, are a succinct summary of the goals and purposes of the Association throughout its entire history. NAWDAC is no longer a department or associated organization of the National Education Association, having severed its formal relationship in 1973, but it must be noted that such status played an important part in the organizational development during the early years of the Association. At the annual meeting in 1921, it was suggested that other educational Journals be utilized as mediums for publication of material concerning the deans of women. During the business meeting, at this 1921 con- vention in Chicago, it was voted "that the publication of NADW shall be the Journal of the Association of Uni- versity Women."5 In 1923 the National Association of Deans of Women initiated an organizational publication known as the Yearbook. It was published annually and contained articles, speeches, and minutes of business meetings. The Yearbook was supplemented in 1926 by the 4Lillian M. Johnson, "President's Report to the Membership," Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and Counselors 25 June 962 : 144. 5Mildred B. Sayre, "Half a Century: An Histori- cal Analysis of the National Association of Deans of Women 1900-1950" (Ph.D. dissertation, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, 1950), p. 63. addition of a publication referred to as the Bulletin. Initially published at irregular intervals, it evolved into a quarterly publication containing a president's column, an exchange of program and project ideas, business items, notices of books and articles, and as much personal news as space would permit. During the 1938 Association Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the Yearbook Committee made the follow— ing report: Our committee agrees with our members who think that the Yearbook should be a source of information about the work of the dean. But we are convinced that an even better source of such information would be found in a professional JOURNAL, to be published by the Association. We realize that a JOURNAL could be published only under certain con- ditions: 1. Its cost could not exceed the combined cost of our present Bulletin and Yearbook. 2. It would have to be in a form substantial enough to be used for reference and to be bound easily. 3. Reports of business, etc., which now appear in the Yearbook but which might be omitted from the JOURNAL would have to be available in some other form for the use of the members. With these points in mind, the committee makes the following recommendations: 1. That the Association publish a quarterly of 48 pages an issue, at an estimated cost not to exceed the total amount spent for publi— cations in 1936-37. 2. That the editorial board should include the executive secretary as managing editor, and at least one other dean who should be an expert in bibliography and research in the dean's field. 3. That the contents of three issues of the quarterly include articles and studies on topics, of special interest to our members, book reviews, official communications from the president and other officers; some of the articles and studies might be chosen from papers given at the annual meeting, but the editors would be free to choose only such papers as seemed particularly suitable for publication. The fourth issue would be a conference number, and should contain a summary of Bus1ness transacted at the annual meeting, committee reports, and a list of members; the geographical list probably should not be printed but could be mimeographed for the use of members needing it.6 During the Second Business Meeting of the 1938 Convention the recommendations of the Yearbook committee were considered individually. After discussion, the Association voted to publish a quarterly Journal in place of the Yearbook and Bulletin.7 The first volume of the Journal of the National Association of Deans of Women was published in June, 1938, and the publication has continued, uninterrupted, on a quarterly basis since that date. Need for the Study As previously noted, one of the functions of any professional organization is to provide service to its members. An historical analysis of the Journal should indicate the type of informational service which has been provided to the membership through the publication. 6"Report of the Yearbook Committee, Frances B. Blanshard, chairman, Journal of the National Association of Deans of Women 1 (June 938 : l —15. 7"Second Business Meeting," Journal of the National Association of Deans of Women 1 (June 1938): 5. In addition, the selection of material for publication should indicate the editor's perceived needs of the membership. .Definition of Terms Journal of the National Association of Deans of Women.--refers to the publication during the period from 1916 to 1956. Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and Counselors.--refers to the quarterly publi— cation during the period from 1957 to 1973. Journal of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors.——refers to the quarterly publication during the period 1973 --. Journal.-—refers to the publication of the Association during the period under consideration. Association.-—refers to the organization during the period under consideration. Historical has been defined as "narrating, dealing with, or based upon history." Analysis is being defined as "an examination of anything to distinguish its component parts or elements, separately or in their relation to the whole." 10 Sources of Data The historical aspects of this study will involve the examination of all Journals published between June, 1938, and Summer, 1974. In addition, minutes from reported meetings of the Journal Board and Association advisory committees for publication will be utilized when they are available from the Association Headquarters Office in Washington, D.C. Membership status of article authors will be determined through the use of the Association membership lists as published in the Journal through 1957 and pub- lished independently of the Journal after that date. The history of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors has been analyzed in two unpublished doctoral dissertations. The first historical analysis of the Association covered the period of 1900-1950.8 The second study was concerned with a history of the national Association from 1951- 1961.9 Both dissertations, however, dealt with an over— all historical analysis of the Association and neither writer gives paramount emphasis to the history of the Journal. 8Sayre, "Half a Century: An Historical Analysis of the National Association of Deans of Women 1900-1950." 9Naomi B. Brown, "The National Association of Women Deans and Counselors, 1951-1961" (Ph.D. disser— tation, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, 1963). 11 Limitations of the Study The study will be limited to the Journal of the Association during the period of 1938 to 1974. The con— tent analysis portion of the study will be limited to a review of article titles and topical subjects. There will be no attempt to evaluate the content of the printed articles in terms of the importance of the topic or the professional expertise of the contributing author or authors. The historical analysis is limited to the pro— fessional journal of one organization in the field of guidance/student personnel work. As a consequence, it will not be possible to infer comparisons between the Journal of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors and other professional journals in the field. The primary sources for the historical analysis will be drawn from the Journal. Related primary sources, such as Journal committee minutes and related Journal correspondence have not been preserved in total for the entire historical period under consideration. The research study will contain five chapters. Chapter II will contain a review of the literature. The methodology to be utilized will be outlined in Chapter III. Chapter IV will provide an analysis of the data and Chapter V will present the summary, conclusions, and recommendations. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE A survey of the literature indicates that infor- mation related to the historical development of the Association has been generated almost exclusively from within the membership ranks of the organization. Histori- cal studies, as well as recorded personal accounts by those involved in the development of the Association, have placed a primary emphasis upon the history of the total Association rather than upon the development of a particular segment or project, such as the Journal. Membership surveys, containing questions related to Journal content, have also been initiated by the organi- zation and there are limited external evaluations or critiques of the publication. Literature Pertaining to the Historical Development of the Journal During the March, 1941, Association Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the past presidents of the organization presented a program entitled "Twenty—Five Years in Review." During this presentation, Dean Harriett 12 l3 Allyn, academic dean at Mt. Holyoke College and Associ- ation president from 1937-39 contributed these comments. The most significant event of the years 1937-39 was one which had received much thought on the part of the Association for several years, one in which Dean Voigt especially was interested in her administration. I refer to the JOURNAL, which came into being in the year 1938. The publication of this JOURNAL is one of the most important things which the Association has ever undertaken. It replaces the Yearbook and Bulletin, and adds to the material formerly printed in those two pub- lications, various other articles of worth. In this JOURNAL we have perhaps our best opportunity to show to the United States what deans do, what deans think, and what their contributions are to the growing body of literature in the field of guidance.1 The National Association of Deans of Women held their 1942 Annual Convention in San Francisco, California. Due to war time activities and travel restrictions, the next annual meeting could not be held until March, 1947. The Journal, during this period of five years, became an important medium for the transmission of Association news and professional information. Two Association presidents clearly defined the priority which Journal publication was to be given during a period of financial exigency and wartime efforts. Miss Alice C. Lloyd, Dean of Women, University of Michigan, and Association Presi- dent 1941—1943, made these comments in her printed President's Message in March, 1943. 10Past Presidents of the Association, "Twenty- Five Years in Review," Journal of the National Assoc1- ation of Deans of Women 4 (MarcH 1941): 119. 14 It now appears that we must restrict our expenditures to (l) the publication of the JOURNAL, (2) the salary of a secretary, (3) the necessary office expenses and (4) our pledge to CGPA.ll Dean Hilda Threlkeld, Dean of Women, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, and Association presi— dent from 1945—1947, reiterated the publication priority of the Journal in her June, 1945, presidential message. Our first obligation as a professional organization is to maintain the headquarters office and finance the JOURNAL. . . . A third problem is to avoid growing stale in our work. A tragedy indeed when we deal with people and need to give our very best to them! I have suggested that these smaller group meetings take the form of workshops where we may study and dis- cuss the latest literature and developments in our field. Our headquarters office will promptly furnish suggestions and bibliographies to anyone desiring them. The recent issues of our JOURNAL, under the able editorship of Ruth Strang, are storehouses of our inspiration.12 As a preparation for the celebration of the Association's fiftieth anniversary in 1966, Miss Barbara Catton, Association Executive Secretary and Managing Editor of the Journal, contributed historical notes to an article published in the October, 1956, issue of the Journal. In discussing midcentury history and the 11"Alice C. Lloyd, Our President's Message," Journal of the National Association of Deans of Women 6 Marc l9 3 z 147. 12Hilda Threlkeld, "Greetings from the President of NADW," Journal of the National Association of Deans of Women 8 (June I945): I47. 15 concurrent maturity of the National Association of Women Deans and Counselors, Miss Catton made the following reference to the Journal. The fledgling JOURNAL, under the skillful editor- ship of Ruth Strang, had developed into an impor— tant professional periodical, serving not only as a "house organ" (a very important service in the vvar years when no conventions could be held) but nnaking a significant contribution to guidance ]_iterature. 3 In c<>ncluding her historical comments, the same author made. a second reference to the Journal as she pursued the tOpix: "The Past Is Prologue." .Another quality of the Association that stands out is the ability to assess the current scene, to lcnow what were the issues most in need of attention. Titles from convention programs and JOURNAL articles read like a commentary on the recent educational and sociological history of the country. The .Association not only kept up with the times--it Vvas always looking a little farther ahead.14 A second Journal article, authored by Dr. Jo Ann FleYr Professor of Higher Education, University of Illirubis, also highlighted the celebration of the Assc>Ciation's anniversary. On the eve of our fiftieth anniversary, I suggest that each member familiarize herself with the rich history of our Association. Look at the reports and proceedings of the first 22 years of the Association. Research abounded in the 1920's, and theory and philosophy were rich and abundant. Even \—__—__ J Barbara Catton, "Our Association in Review," Ccnlrnal of the National Association of Women Deans and ‘2ItfiEEIBEE’ifi‘THEEBBEY“195%)?”713. ‘ l4Ibid., 9. 16 today these topics stretch the mind and imagination of the reader. Look at the quality of our JOURNAL, first published in I938. Note the number of articles that later appeared in books. Many articles and authors from the 1950's were later included in San- ford's The American College, published in 1961.15 As previously noted in Chapter I, there have been two unguiblished Doctoral dissertations focusing on the historical development of the Association. Sayre's dissertation covers the period of 1900-1950, traces the developnent of informal gatherings of deans of women Prior to an organizational structure in 1916, and gives Primary emphasis to the concurrent development of state Organizations of deans of women. Brown's study covers the terr—year period of 1951-1961 and she sought to Clarifyr the objectives of the organization, to determine the issues which occurred in the Association, and resul- tant irlfluences upon the membership. In discussing the organizational development during the years 1955-1957, the researcher made the following comments about pub- lications. - . . Secondly, four of the nine articles in the June 1955 issue were resumes of research studies which were harbingers of more research—oriented articles to appear in future issues of the JOurnal. . . . With the re-establishment of the Research Committee and more frequent articles Concerning research interesting to personnel and QUidance workers, NAWDC began to incorporate 1research information as one of the services (Bffered the membership. Channels had not only ‘\_—_—— f 15Jo Ann Fley, "An Honorable Tradition," Journal 0 the National Association of Women Deans and Counselors 29 (Sp'—'—‘I‘_Sr1ng 966 '—_‘§: 10 . ‘_¥ 17 been created, but were now being used for the dis- semination of research and survey studies. As an Association, NAWDC had moved beyond the earlier, somewhat passive, verbal espousal of belief in research and its relationship to personnel work to a more active involvement in knowing about current research efforts.16 In summary, a review of the literature pertain- ing to the historical development of the Journal would indicate that the initiation of the publication is con- sidered to be a landmark in the history of the Associ— ation. The publication is viewed as an extremely important factor in keeping the professional organi— zation :in contact with its membership during the Second World Viar. Thirdly, those members writing from an historixzal perspective, would consider the Journal content; to have made a significant contribution to the PrOfESsional knowledge in the field of guidance/student PerSOnnel work. Literature Pertaining to the Content AnaIy51s of the JournaI Research indicates that there has been one Other study completed which relates to a content analysis Of an Association publication. Despite the fact that this Study, completed by Anastasia Doyle, Director of ResidEnce for Women, Stanford University, analyzed the N'A°I).W. Yearbooks (1924—1935) rather than the Journal, \—_____ l6Brown, "NAWDC, 1951-1961," 191. l8 tflm methodology utilized and the outcomes reported Iprovide background information for the present study. IDoyle, along with several graduate students at Stanford, scanned the table of contents from the eleven Yearbooks then in print. Twenty topics were agreed upon as a vmrking division of the field and the articles, exclusive of Association related business, were classified within ufis scheme. Data By Topics Number of . ArticIes ! 1. Curriculum and Administration I8 2. Character Building 11 3. Dean-Problems and Duties 39 4. Dean-Qualifications and Pro- fessional Training 26 5. Dean-Relationships to Groups Outside the School 9 6. Freshman Problems and Orientation l4 7. Guidance-Educational 14 8. Guidance—Social 48 9. Guidance-Vocational 10 10. Health-Mental 19 11. Health-Physical 6 12. Housing 15 13. Methods and Research 19 14. Religion 6 15. Scholarship 7 16. Scholarships 4 17. Sororities 10 18. Social Programs and Activities (Ex. student government) 15 19. Social Programs and Activities (student government) 11 20. Miscellaneous 1017 \_—_____ l7Anastasia Doyle, "A Study of the Yearbook of the bq.A.D.W. (1924-1935)," Yearbook of the Association 9?_Ek3ans of Women (Washington, D.C.: National Assoc1ation ° Deans of Women, 1936), pp. 108-09. IIIIIIIIIIIIII--__i 19 The names of 243 authors appeared in the tables of con- tents. Of those appearing, 67 or 28 per cent were deans in high schools and 39 or 16 per cent were nonmembers. The Association, through the National Headquarters Office, has upon at least three occasions, surveyed the membership to determine which Journal articles were of the greatest value to readers. In 1946 the Headquarters Office sent each member a postcard containing four questions: (1) What articles in the 1945—46 Journal benefited you the most?; (2) What type of article do YOu want in 1946-47?; (3) Can you suggest a new name for the Journal? and (4) ways in which the Journal could be improved.18 The results of the Opinion poll were rePOrted in the October, 1946, Journal and a majority 0f the responses gave evidence of pride in the Journal. Additional summary statements indicated that the member- ship desired a wide variety of articles, to include: theory and practice; well-known writers and deans at work; counseling and group work; new points of View; and tested procedures. A second incidence of surveying the membership concerning the Journal was reported in Brown's study.19 \_____________ of t 18Blanche Henry Clark Weaver, "We Deans," Journal 19 he National Association of Deans of Women 20 (October 165 = 47-18. lgBrown' "NAWDC, 1951-1969," 155. 20 By means of a brief questionnaire, the Executive Secretary of the Association asked members one question that pertained to which articles published in 1952-53 had the greatest value to them as readers. The majority of responses indicated interest in subjects pertaining to high school guidance. However, no observation was made, in reporting the questionnaire results, as to the proportion of replies received from high school members and from higher education members. A second question, posed in the same questionnaire, requested SUSQeStions for future articles preferred by members. Some aspect of group activities was mentioned thirteen times; residence halls eight times; counseling five times; evaluation and human relations, four times each; adminiStration, marriage, and education of women, three times each. The third survey was conducted by the Journal commit’c.ee and involved a random sampling of the reactions Of members to the articles they remembered as having Special interest and value. The specific articles which appeared to be of most interest to readers were: "Views of Dean and Stu- dents," "The Dean's Dilemma," by Sarah Gibson Blanding, "Some Measures of Maturity," by Lucile Allen, "Emotional Maturity," by Helen Ross, "The Uncertain Senior," by Nevitt Sanford, Guidance Eind counseling articles by Ruth Strang, "An 21 Interpretation of Sororities on the Campus," by Kate Mueller and Doris Seward, and the Residence Halls issue of the Journal.20 A review of the Education Index did not reveal any additional sources of authors who have commented upon the Journal, as a publication, or upon specific article content of the publication. The Source Book for Higher Education: A Critical Guide to Literature and Information on Access to Higher Education does, howevery describe two professional journals in the field of guidance/student personnel work. Jtnirnal of College Student Personnel . . . 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III-II: 5 5 Houses swoossHom .s muuwm .vh.th. MB.INN. NF.IHF. HF.IOB. possHHCOOII.N mqmde 86 The first editor of the Journal was appointed by Dean Harriett M. Allyn, Academic Dean, Mount Holyoke College, who was at the time of the initiation of the Journal serving as Association President. There are no historical documents, available to this researcher, which indicate the reasoning behind Dean Allyn's decision. However, the Association had made it clear that it desired a professional publication and Ruth M. Strang, among the Association membership, was respected both as an author in the field of guidance and personnel work and as an individual who had previous contact with many members as they were initiating or completing their graduate work in guidance services at Columbia Uni- versity. She had completed her doctorate at Columbia University in 1926. Most of her educational experience, prior to the receipt of the PhD, had been in the New York City area and primarily in conjunction with Teachers College. These experiences had included a teaching position in New York City, a position as assistant in nutrition at Teachers College, an instructorship in health education at Teachers College, and a research assistantship and research fellowship in psychology at the same institution. During 1926 she had left the metropolitan area to be an instructor in psychology at the North Carolina College for Women but in 1929 she returned to Teachers College, Columbia University, 87 where she was to remain as a faculty member until her retirement in 1960. In 1938, when Ruth M. Strang assumed the role of Journal editor she was an associate professor of education, Teachers College. It is interesting to note that, prior to her appointment as editor, she had published four books and two of these authored publications were, in 1938, pri— mary resource publications for the Association membership. The two publications referred to are: The Role of the Teacher in Personnel Work (1932) and Personnel Development and Guidance in College and Secondary Schools (1934). Although the topical analysis of Journal content, recorded later in this chapter of the research, will pro— vide a definitive account of the content presented during her editorship, it is appropriate to note that her writing interests included rural education, early childhood, adolescence, the gifted, reading, mental health, person— nel work, guidance, and group work. Even the most cursory glance at the Journals, during her editorship, will support the fact that the Association's publication also reflected some of these same interests. During the twenty-two years of Ruth M. Strang's editorship, only two entries in the Journal made specific reference to either an editorial policy or a publication procedure. The first of these statements, printed in 1940, was designed to be directed toward the topic of ,-: —m~.~a— 88 unsolicited manuscripts. However, the statement content also presents the editorial policy concerning the topics for each issue. It is not the general policy of the JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DEANS OF WOMEN to accept unsolicited manuscripts because each issue of the magazine is planned on a special basis (the October JOURNAL carries articles devoted to a special theme, the January issue features a selected bibliography for the year, the March issue is devoted primarily to convention papers, and the June JOURNAL is a business number). With such a set—up excellent unsolicited manuscripts might have to be held a very long time before they would happen to fit in with an issue of the magazine. If, in the View of this policy, you are still willing to submit your manuscripts for the consideration of the editor of the JOURNAL, the Association will be glad to receive it.45 During the next twenty years of Ruth M. Strang's editor- ship, the emphasis for each issue changed but there are only two specific references to that change and both relate to the editorial policy of emphasizing the topic of high school guidance in the October issue of the Journal. Since the October issue usually gives more emphasis to high school guidance, the two excellent meetings of the high school section . . . are reported in as much detail as possible.46 5"Unsolicited Manuscripts," Journal of the National Association of Deans of Women 3 (January I940): 96. 46"Our Contributors," Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and CounseIors 21 (October I957): 2. 89 In this issue we have articles dealing with infor- mation essential to counseling and to group work procedures. The focus in the October issue is as usual on high school guidance problems, with special attention to the transition from high school to college, a timely and turbulent topic. 47 In 1960, at the annual convention, the Associ- ation honored Ruth M. Strang at the time of her retire- ment from Teachers College, Columbia which was also con- current with her retirement as Journal Editor. State- ments honoring her were re-printed in the January, 1961, issue of the Journal which carried a topical theme of "Glimpses of Guidance by Ruth Strang's Doctoral Students." The Foreword to this particular issue carried a summation of the work of the Journal editorial board, under Ruth M. Strang, and additional comments related to the edi— torial policies and procedures which she established.48 The statement indicates that, by 1960, the characteristic pattern of each issue had changed so that the October issue was devoted to high school guidance, the January and April issues were focusing on topics of current interest chosen by the editor, and the June issue was carrying the official record of the annual convention. The comments, related to the editorial committee, are 47"Our Contributors," Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and CounseIors 22 (OctoBer I958): 2. 48"Forward," Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and CounseIors 24 (January I96I): 69. 90 the first and only Journal recording of how the Associate Editors functioned in relationship to Ruth M. Strang. It has a relatively small editorial board with specific assignments for each member: one to assume general responsibility for recruiting, assembling, editing and typing the materials; one to assume special responsibility for the members in higher education; one who looks after the interests of those in secondary schools, and another, the man- aging editor, who in recent years deals with the printer and his dreadful deadlines, the budget, the mailing, the fitting and cutting and the eneral appearance and usefulness to the members. 9 There is no evidence that the editor, or other editorial staff, received any form of personal financial support for their work in relationship to the Journal. Quite the opposite may have been true as the memoriam statement written for the Journal, at the time of Ruth M. Strang's death, refers to the fact that she was generous to many causes, and "to the JOURNAL itself, which she rescued when times were hard and money was lacking."50 Dr. Strang brought to the Journal, at the time of its inception, the prestige connected with a published author in the field of guidance/student personnel work. In addition, her professorial position at Teachers College brought her into contact with many professionals to whom she could turn for contributions to the publication. 491bid. 50"Ruth Strang 1896-1971," Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and Counselors 34 (Spring 1 71 : 8. 91 The editor's membership in numerous organizations, related to both personal and professional interests, allowed her the opportunity to draw upon many sources, outside the Association, for reprints of speeches and conference presentations. During the twenty-two years of her editorship, the general structure and policies of the Journal changed very little. It was she who recruited articles for the Journal, it was the editor who made the final publication decisions regarding unsolicited manuscripts, and it was Dr. Strang who determined the pattern of each Journal issue having a specific purpose—~high school emphasis, topical emphasis of general interest, and convention speeches and proceedings. The strength of her leadership is perhaps even more apparent when one considers that, during the twenty—two years which she served as editor, seven different Associate Editors served the Journal and five Managing Editors/Executive Secretaries served both the Association and the publication, but the Journal remained absolutely consistent in terms of policies and procedures. A memoriam statement, published in the Spring, 1971 Journal, provides the best summary of the Associ- ation's high regard for her contribution as the Journal Editor. 92 For twenty years, from 1935 [sic] to 1960, Ruth Strang served as editor of ouE_EOURNAL. These are its most important years for the field of personnel work then lacked the theory, the methods, and the research foundations to make it a true discipline. We shall always recall her distinguished service with appreciation and affection, . . . It can be truly said of Ruth Strang that she believed in the immortality of influence. Those of us whose lives were touched by hers, as well as those whose professional insights were quickened by her writing and research, realize that she did not believe in vain. We know that the full reach of her influence will long endure.51 The second Journal Editor, Kate Hevner Mueller, assumed her editorship responsibilities in 1960. She had, however, been an Associate Journal Editor the previous eleven years. Like Ruth M. Strang, a portion of her graduate work had been completed in psychology at Columbia University and she then went on to secure the doctorate from the University of Chicago. Dr. Mueller's teaching experience centered around higher education and she had taught psychology at both Wilson College and the University of Minnesota. In 1949 when she assumed the responsibilities of Associate Editor, she had already completed her tenure as the Dean of Women, Indiana University, and was an associate professor of education at the same institution. Prior to her assumption of the editorship she had authored two major publications in the field of student personnel work: 511bid., 97, 98. 93 Educating Women for a Changing World (1954) and Student Personnel Work in Higher Education (1960). It is interesting to note that the previously referred to editorial policy, published in the 1961 January Issue of the Journal, reflected Ruth M. Strang's policies and procedures but was published after Kate Hevner Mueller had assumed editorial responsibility. The last paragraph of that statement provides strong support for continuing the Journal policies and pro- cedures as developed by the previous editor but the closing sentences provide the reader with the opportunity to react to the statement and to provide new ideas and suggestions. In contrast to many other professional publications it is obvious that our JOURNAL does not depend pri- marily on manuscripts which are voluntarily sub- mitted by the authors but rather upon materials especially solicited, frequently from scholars in related fields of education. It is further apparent that it seldom makes use of original experimental materials although it has always welcomed well- written original manuscripts from its members. It favors discussions of recurring problems, new techniques, or challenging theories. . . . If you, the constant reader, have enjoyed these general policies, your thanks are due to the Editor and her helpers who have developed them through twenty- three volumes; if you have new ideas or suggestions, Headquarters has the listening ear.52 At the time of assuming editorial responsibilities in 1960, Kate Hevner Mueller had attained the rank of full professor. It is interesting to note that at the 2"Forward" (January 1961): 69, 70. 94 time she assumed the editorship and again at the time of relinquishing the position, the Association made special note of thanking Indiana University for its assistance in arranging for some relief for Kate Hevner Mueller from her classroom responsibilities and for providing assistance in the realm of routine work of filing, typing, and correspondence. So, while the Association continued its policy of not providing any form of financial support for its editors, one University felt that the position of Journal Editor warranted insti- tutional recognition. The Journal editorial policies, as printed in 1961, are the only official statements carried in the publication during the years when Kate Hevner Mueller carried the editorship responsibilities. Despite the lack of printed information, several changes are dis- cernible. The four major Journal Special Sections, "Book Routes," "Secondary School Exchange," "College and University Exchange," and "We Deans," were all terminated during the 1960's. It was also during the '60's that editorial policy changed the emphasis of the Fall Issue from solely that of high school guidance. The topic remained of importance but the articles were more likely to be found among the various yearly issues rather than concentrated in one issue. In essence, Dr. Mueller's editorial changes were subtle and did not 95 involve changes in basic format but rather changes in the placement of materials and the inclusion of more articles related to the profession rather than some of the Special Sections which had been internally generated. With the Fall Issue, 1970, Dr. Mueller relin— quished the editorship of the Journal. Comments, at the time of her "retirement," indicated that the membership believed the publication, under her tutelage, provided evidence that she was in close touch with the contempo— rary thought in education, that her scholarship was imminently thorough, and her editorial eye discerning. The last two editors of the Journal have served a total of five years. Dr. Bette J. Soldwedel was appointed as editor at the time of Dr. Mueller's retirement and she was first officially listed as Journal Editor in the Winter 1970 Issue. The announce— ment of her appointment specified that she "has been appointed to a two—year term as Editor of the Journal.“54 At the time of the appointment, Dr. Soldwedel was serving as Deputy Director, Women's Centers, Job Corps, Washing— ton, D.C. Her advanced degree had been granted by New 53"To Kate Hevner Mueller," Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and Counselors 33 (Winter 1970): 68. 54"Our Contributors," Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and Counselors 33 (Winter 1975): 48. 96 Ybrk University and prior to the time that she had assumed responsibilities with the Job Corps program she laad been a professor of education and chairman of the lDepartment of Guidance and Personnel Administration at 'New York University. Prior to the assumption of teach- ing responsibilities, Dr. Soldwedel had been employed in higher education student personnel services as Associate Dean of Students, Eureka College, and as Dean of Students at New Jersey State College. Unlike her predessor, she had never served as a member of the Journal Board. Dr. Soldwedel's publications, at the time of her appointment, included: Mastering the College Challenge (1964), Parents' Guide to College (1964), and Preparing for College (1966). The Summer 1970 Issue of the Journal contained a special small section entitled, "Notes From the Journal Editorial Board."55 The comments made reference to the fact that the Journal Board was actively encour— aging readers to submit professional writing for inclusion in the publication. Acceptable manuscript style was outlined and there was a clear indication that the Journal Editor was no longer solely responsible for determining whether a manuscript would be accepted for publication. "Our process is to circulate articles 55. . . 'Notes From the Journal Editorial Board," Journal of the National Assoc1ation of Women Deans and Counse ors 3 Summer 1970 : 159. 97 among the members of the Editorial Board for review and to notify the author regarding acceptance within six to eight weeks of receipt."56 Additional information, contained in the article, outlined the plans to feature two to four pages of each Journal on items of broad general interest to the NAWDC membership. It was sug— gested that such news items might include information from state and regional meetings, summaries of speeches, and reports of ongoing NAWDC committee activities. It should be noted that it was during Dr. Sold— wedel's tenure as editor that the Bylaws revisions pro- vided for an enlarged Journal Committee and she was the first editor to work primarily with Editorial Consul— tants rather than Associate Editors. Those same 1971 Bylaws Revisions also provided, through the vehicle of the Manual of Operations, for some Association funding for one meeting of the Journal Committee outside the regularly scheduled meeting during the annual convention. It was also during this period that issue color coding became a permanent format feature of the Journal. In summary it can be stated that it was during the tenure of Bette Soldwedel as Journal editor that some significant changes were made in the sphere of the 56Ibid. 98 editor's influence. Manuscripts were openly solicited and the entire editorial board was involved in the final selection of material for publication. Additionally, there was an attempt to feature brief items of interest for the purpose of stimulating professional interest, improving communications within the Association, and sharing ideas. The current editor of the Journal, Dr. Margaret C. Berry, assumed her editorial responsibilities in the fall of 1972. As had been the case with Dr. Soldwedel, the current editor had not been previously involved with the publication as either an Associate Editor or an Editorial Consultant. As had been the case with the first two editors, Dr. Berry's educational degree work had been completed at Columbia University. Her teaching exper- ience had been primarily in the area of history and previous personnel experience had included the position of registrar and dean of women. At the time of her appointment, Dr. Berry was the Director of Developmental Programs, the University of Texas at Austin, and she continues to hold that appointment title. During the tenure of the present'editor, she has held the Association title of Editor and Chairman of the Journal Board. As Chairman of the Journal Board she serves in an ex officio capacity without vote. The Assistant Chairman of the Journal Board, along 99 with each of the committee members are listed in each issue of the Journal. The number of designated com— mittee members has ranged from seven to nine. The policy of openly soliciting manuscripts for publication has continued under the editorship of Dr. Berry and "Information About Manuscripts" has been published on the inside cover of each issue during the past two years. In addition to information related to manuscript style, two additional paragraphs make reference to current editorial policy: . . . We publish many articles of special interest to women, but because most of our 3,000 readers work with both men and women students, we are equally interested in articles that will be of use to personnel administrators, deans, coun- selors, and educators and to graduate students in training for similar work. The fal issue is usually devoted to the papers developed around the theme of the organization's National Conference; the winter issue is often devoted to some current issue for which papers are solicited. . . . All manuscripts should be sent to the Editor at the above address; she will forward them to board members and other consultants for critical evaluation and comments. 57 An additional piece of evidence, supporting the editorial committee policy of soliciting manuscripts can be found in the Summer, 1974, issue of the Journal. A special news item, entitled "A Call for Manuscripts," announces 57"Information About Manuscripts," Journal of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, an Counselors 3 Fa 1 l9 2 : inSi e ront cover. 100 that the theme of the spring issue of the Journal will be "Women in Administration," and the Journal Committee urges the submission of manuscripts dealing with that theme.58 Two format changes, of some consequence, have been initiated during Dr. Berry's tenure as editor. Advertisements have been included on a regular basis and a special section entitled "Section Exchange" was first published in the Winter Issue, 1973. The latter is an extension of the previous editor's suggestion that Journal paging be provided for an exchange of program ideas, bibliographic material listings, and internal communications of the Association. In addition to these two format changes, a special page has been desig— nated for the purpose of the Association President com- municating with the membership concerning affairs of the organization. Issue color coding, although slightly different in color shade, has continued. A review of editorial policies, during the years of Dr. Berry's editorship, provide evidence that the influence of the editor, in terms of material selection, has continued to lessen. Currently the editor is 58"A Call for Manuscripts," Journal of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, an Counse‘ors 37 Summer 7 : . 101 chairman of a committee, composed of from seven to nine Association members, but her position is ex officio and nonvoting. In summarizing the information concerning the four Journal Editors, it must be pointed out that the first two editors were given considerable latitude to develop editorial policies and procedures for the pub- lication. Both worked with a maximum of two Associate Editors, upon occasion an Editorial Consultant, and a Managing Editor. Both Ruth M. Strang and her successor, Kate Hevner Mueller, exerted great influence in taking the responsibility for personally soliciting manuscripts and making the final decisions concerning the material which was finally included for publication. They were obviously appointed to the editorship because they were recognized authorities in the field of guidance/student personnel services and both had been influential in shaping the professional lives of the Association members through their previous record of publications in the field. Along with the authority to make final publication decisions, they brought to the position the recognized expertise to make such decisions based upon a background of broad educational knowledge and interests. The second two Journal Editors, serving the Association during the past five years, have assumed a position of openly soliciting manuscripts and the final publication 102 decisions have been spread among a variety of Editorial Consultants and Journal Committee members. Consequently, the current Journal is a reflection of committee con- sensus rather than the result of the influence of one or several individuals. Associate Editors As the reader will recall, the 1938 Association Bylaws provided that the Journal Committee would be com— posed of four individuals, the Executive Secretary and three other members. One of these three was, of course, designated as the editor and the remaining two committee members were referred to as Associate Editors. The designated title of Associate Editor continued until the Fall Issue, 1969. The 1961 Journal statement summarizing the edi- torial policies of Ruth Strang's era, made reference to the fact that one member of the committee assumed special responsibility for the members in higher education and another looked after the interests of those in secondary schools.59 It is interesting to review the position titles of those individuals designated as Associate Editors with that comment in mind. The first two Associate Editors of the Journal were Helen Dalton Bragdon, Dean, College for Women, 59"Ruth Strang 1896—1971," 98. 103 University of Rochester, and Jessie Coope, Assistant Principal and Dean of Girls, McKinley Technical High School, Washington, D.C. By the time of the publication of the second issue of the Journal a third Associate Editor had been added although there is no evidence that the Association Bylaws called for an increase in the size of the Journal Committee. Helen Queen Stewart, Social Director, Seth Low Hall, Teachers College, Columbia, assumed the role of the third Associate Editor for a total of six issues of the publication. Both Jessie Coope and Helen Queen Stewart terminated their responsibilities to the Journal in 1940, and one Associate Editor, Margaret A. MacDonald Ward, Counselor, Cheltenham Township High School, Elkins, Pennsylvania, was appointed to replace the two individuals. This appointment meant that the balance of one higher edu- cation editor and one secondary school editor had again been resumed. Helen Dalton Bragdon resigned in 1941 and her replacement was Marguerite Woodworth, Dean of Women, Oberlin College. Dean Woodworth subsequently served the Journal, as Associate Editor, for a total of six continual years. Margaret A. MacDonald Ward found it necessary to resign in 1942 and Marguerite Roberts was appointed. Her position title, at the time of appointment, was Dean of Women, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, and she was to continue as Associate 104 Editor for the next seven years. For five years, Mar- guerite Woodworth and Marguerite Roberts, both represent— ing higher education personnel services, served together as Associate Editors. Marguerite Woodworth found it necessary to leave her Journal position after the tenth volume had been published and Frances M. Wilson, Instructor and Assistant in Guidance, Teachers College, Columbia University, was appointed to fill the vacancy. Frances M. Wilson served in this capacity for the next twelve years until her death in January, 1969. Marguerite Roberts' resignation in 1949 led to the appointment of Kate Hevner Mueller as Associate Editor. For the next ten years the editorial staff of the Journal did not change. In 1959 Ruth R. Beck, Counselor, Proviso Town— ship High School, assumed the position vacated by the death of Frances Wilson. Her tenure, as Associate Editor, lasted only six issues and her resignation was prompted by the assumption of student personnel responsi— bilities in West Pakistan. Ruth Beck's leaving and Ruth M. Strang's retirement occurred almost simultane- ously. Dr. Mueller's position as Associate Editor was filled by Frances Falvey, Dean of the College, Milwaukee— Downer. A second Associate Editor was not immediately appointed but Ruth M. Strang remained on the editorial staff as a Consulting Editor. In 1962 Florence C. Myers, Administrative Assistant in Charge of Guidance, George 105 Washington High School, New York, was appointed. She served the Journal Editorial Committee for the next seven years and she was the last appointment designated as an Associate Editor. It is obvious, from an analysis of the Associate Editors' professional positions at the time of their appointment, that the designation of one individual to monitor higher education concerns and another secondary school concerns was not based upon their occupational title but rather upon their educational expertise. Twelve individual members have served the Association as Associate Editor's of the Journal. Their span of service ranges from 1938 until 1969. Personnel changes were more frequent at the beginning and the end of this range for two Associate Editors served contin— uously from the period of 1949 to 1959. Consulting Editors Two individuals, Ruth M. Strang and Florence C. Myers, have been designated as Consulting Editors. The position is not defined in the Association Bylaws or the Manual of Operations. Dr. Strang assumed the position at the time of her retirement as Journal Editor and she continued in this consultation role until 1969. Florence C. Myers, the last Journal Associate Editor, was appointed to this position at the time she terminated her more 106 active editorial role and she remained in the position through only one additional publication of the Journal. It would appear that the position was designated as an "honor" for those individuals who had provided outstanding service to the publication. Editorial Consultants The term "Editorial Consultant" was first utilized in 1962 when two individuals were appointed to this position. Ferne W. Horne, Director of Guidance and College Consultant, Mt. Lebenon High School, Pittsburgh, and Dr. Katharine A. Towle, Dean of Students, University of California, Berkeley, were the first two members appointed to this position. At the time of their appointment, Frances Falvey and Florence C. Myers were also serving as members of the Journal Editorial Board. Both continued their service to the publication until 1964. At the time of their resignation, two additional Association members were appointed to the position of Editorial Consultant. One of those members appointed was Virginia Cornehlsen, Counselor, Garden City High School, Long Island, who had previously contributed her services by editing the Special Section known as "Secondary School Exchange." The second appointee was Jo Ann Fley, Assistant Professor of Education, Teachers College, Columbia. Both of these individuals served, in the capacity of Editorial Consultant, until 107 1969. During their tenure the remainder of the Editorial Board was composed of the Editor, Kate Hevner Mueller, the Associate Editor, Florence C. Myers, the Consulting Editor, Ruth M. Strang, and the two Editorial Consultants. With the publication of the Winter Issue of the Journal, 1970, Dr. Soldwedel assumed the editorship, and Kate Hevner Mueller along with three other members assumed the role of Editorial Consultant. The three new appointees included Joan Berry, Counselor, Wyoming, Michigan, Patricia A. Thrash, Associate Dean of Students, Northwestern University, and Ida R. Stevens, Association Dean of Students, Bowie State College in Maryland. This latter group of individuals, appointed as Editorial Consultants, had a clearly defined responsibility of sharing with the editor the final decisions concerning manuscript publication. Each of these three members continued to serve as Editorial Consultants through the publication of Volume XXXV (1972). Their service was supplemented in 1970 by the addition of one graduate student editorial consultant. The term "Editorial Consultant" seems to have been more generally utilized, in place of the term "Associate Editor," after 1969. The utilization of the term also coincides with the development of additional responsibilities for the Journal Board which included the review of submitted manuscripts. 108 Managing Editors The Association Executive Secretary or Executive Director has always been considered the Managing Editor of the Journal. The position of Executive Secretary was created in 1926. They were also eventful years in the life of the Association, for 1926 saw the change from a purely voluntary organization, with records kept in a box under the treasurer's bed and shipped around the country every two years as a new treasurer was elected, to a professional one with a national headquarters and a half—time paid executive secre- tary. We can never be too grateful to the gener- osity and hospitality of the AAUW, whose cooper- ation in providing us with a room and in sharing a secretary with us made possible the setting up of the headquarters. Nor can we forget the bene- faction of the founder and first president of the Association, Mrs. Phillips, who came to the rescue with a check to finance the first few months of the executive secretary's salary until the budget could be steadied.60 Generally speaking, the Executive Secretary has been responsible for the aspects of the publication which have been typically handled in the Headquarter Office. Such duties have involved the negotiations with the printer, copy preparation, proof reading, and mailing. Depending upon the editor, additional responsibilities may have been assumed or may have been delegated. Dr. Strang, for example, believed that the Executive Secretary should assume the role of liaison between the Journal Committee and the membership. She also believed that 60“Twenty—Five Years in Review," 118. 109 the responsibility for the "We Deans" section should rest with the Association President or the Executive Secretary. As a result of her urging the responsibility was assumed by the latter. There have been seven Association Executive Secretaries who have served as Journal Managing Editors throughout its twenty-five-year publication history. The first Journal Managing Editor was Kathryn G. Heath who served the Association as Executive Secretary from 1936 until 1943. Of interest is the fact that in 1974 the Journal published an article authored by Kathryn Heath entitled "Legislation and Its Implications for Elimination of Sex Bias."61 She is currently Assistant for Special Studies in the Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The reason surrounding her resignation in 1943 concerned the fact that she desired, in the time of war, to be released to go into government service with the Office of Emergency Manage— ment. Harriet Kurtz assumed the Managing Editor responsibilities for the last two issues of Volume VI. She left the Association to assume a new position in the field of aviation. Mrs. Kurtz was succeeded by Helen Hunter Griswold. Mrs. Griswold had received her first 61Kathryn G. Heath, "Legislation and Its Impli- cations for Elimination of Sex Bias," Journal of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, an Counselors 36 Winter 974 : 58-69. 110 degree at West Virginia University and her second in English at Radcliffe. She had taught English for several years and prior to assuming the duties of Managing Editor she had been on the staff of the National Archives and of the Bureau of Motion Pictures, Office of War Information in Washington. In 1946 Mrs. Griswold was forced to resign due to ill health and she returned to the south with her husband. The fourth Journal Managing Editor was Blanche Henry Clark Weaver who was available to serve the Association and the Journal because her husband was stationed in the Washington, D.C. area with the military. Mrs. Weaver was the former Dean of Women at Vanderbilt University. She served as Managing Editor until January, 1947, when Barbara Catton was appointed to the position. The tenure of Barbara Catton extended from January, 1947, until the summer of 1965. She was eminently qualified having been the daughter of a dean of women and having served as the Assistant to the Dean at Carlton College in Minnesota. Miss Catton was a pro— lific contributor to the Journal, functioning as the editor of the "We Deans" section. Her summaries of personal news items, professional contributions of members, and the proceedings of state association meet— ings were considered most viable vehicles for internal organizational communication. No other Journal Managing 111 Editor, prior to or since her tenure, has contributed written sections for the publication. Miss Catton's ill health forced her resignation in 1965 and it is interesting to note that the Journal publication made no note of her departure from either the Headquarters staff or the Journal Committee. The sixth Managing Editor was Ruth B. Maul who served the Association for two years. She was succeeded by Anna Rankin Harris who assumed the Managing Editor responsibilities in October, 1967. Miss Harris had been the Dean of Women at the University of Vermont from 1954 to 1966 and in 1971 that University dedicated one of two buildings in a residential complex to her. Miss Harris' keen sense of humor and quick wit caused her to be quickly known to Association members through her verbal comments as Barbara Catton had been known through her written commentaries in the Journal. In 1972 Anna Rankin Harris retired as Executive Director of NAWDC and Joan McCall was appointed to the position. The current Executive Secretary had held student personnel positions at Marymount College of Virginia, the Uni- versity of Connecticut, the University of Maryland, and the State University College at Geneseo, New York, prior to assuming her position as Headquarters Executive Director. 112 In summary, the Executive Secretary of the Association has also been designated as the Managing Editor of the Journal. Her duties have not been pri- marily related to the content of the publication but have been in the areas related to the publication process. Perhaps her most important function has been to be ever cognizant of the fact that the Journal must be a self— sustaining publication in that printing and mailing costs must come from monies generated by Association dues. It has been the responsibility of the Managing Editor to attempt a conciliation between the desires of the editors and the available financial support of the Association. Journal Board Beginning with Volume XXXVI (Fall, 1973) the members designated as having responsibility for the Journal publication were referred to as the Journal Board. Specific titles, such as Associate Editor, Consulting Editor, and Editorial Consultant, are no longer utilized. The Journal Editor was given the dual title of Chairman of the Journal Board. One member was designated as Assistant Chairman of the Journal Board and the remaining appointees were listed under the title of Journal Board. The first appointed Board consisted of seven members, the most current listing includes nine members of the Association. The current Assistant 113 Chairperson of the Journal Board is the only member who has served on the Board since its designation in the Fall of 1972. The current Journal Board represents a committee approach to designating the reSponsibility for the Association's publication. In addition, it also rep- resents the philosophies of the recent Association Presidents in that, during the past three years, the number of Association members appointed to Association Committees has increased. Comments, made by recent Presidents, would indicate that they believe such appointments will cause the individual members to be committed to the organization if they are offered the opportunity of involvement in the organization through committee appointment. Editors of Special Sections The four Special Sections of the Journal, having a sustained publication record of at least ten years, were "Book Routes," "Secondary School Exchange," "College and University Exchange," and "We Deans." As noted earlier in Chapter IV, "Book Routes" was published between 1939 and 1966. The column appeared in sixty-nine issues of the Journal. During this publication period the responsibility for the preparation of the section material rested primarily 114 with three individual members. The first “Book Routes" Editor was Catherine E. Reed, Dean of Women, State College for Teachers, Buffalo, New York. She prepared the first Special Section for the June Issue in 1939 and Dean Reed continued preparing the material until October, 1946. The second Special Section Editor was Meribeth Cameron who assumed the responsibility in 1946 when she was Dean and Professor of History, Milwaukee-Downer College. She had previously been the book review editor of the Far Eastern Quarterly. She edited the "Book Routes" section for ten years during which time she became the Academic Dean at Mount Holyoke College. She resigned from book review work in 1959 to devote more time to the writing of her book in her major field of interest, the history of China. "Book Routes," under Dean Cameron's editorship, appeared in the first three issues of every Journal for the entire ten-year period and often her comments reflected her review of thirty- five to forty books per issue. At the time of her retirement it was said: "Without a single exception, her column has always been free from the errors that so often creep into bibliographies and has come in excellent in form and before the deadline set for the issue." 62"Our Contributors," Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and CounseIors 23 (OctoBer I959): 2. 115 The third, and last, editor of "Book Routes" was M. Eunice Hilton. At the Association's request she assumed the Special Section editorship shortly after she had left her position at Syracuse University as Director of the Graduate Program in Student Personnel and Dean of the College of Home Economics. During her tenure as "Book Routes" Editor, Dean Hilton joined the faculty at the University of Denver. Her editorship of the section brought some changes, in that the number of reviews were fewer, the comments were lengthier, and the reviews often reflected the thinking of graduate students at the Uni- versity of Denver as well as Dr. Hilton's evaluation. The Special Section known as "Secondary School Exchange" had twelve different sectional editors during a publication span of twenty-five years. With the exception of one individual, no one editor in the group of twelve assumed responsibility for more than eight published sections. The first editor, Zoraida E. Weeks, Dean of Girls, Oneida High School, Oneida, New York, edited eleven "Secondary School Exchanges.“ In addition to having the longest tenure as editor of this particular section, she also set the format of the section and it continued, throughout its publication history, to be primarily a question—and-answer exchange between secondary school guidance personnel. 116 The "University and College Exchange" was inaugurated in 1938. Over the publication period of twenty-five years, seven different individuals assumed responsibility for the exchange; however, two of these seven individuals carried the responsibility for a total of thirty—seven of the fifty published sections. The first editor was Lucy Jenkins Franklin, Dean of Women, Boston University. Dean Franklin initiated the question— and-answer format of the section and she continued, as editor, for the first fifteen published sections. The second individual, with the longest tenure as Editor of "College and University Exchange," was Virginia Cornehl- sen. She assumed the responsibility shortly after settling in the San Francisco area after employment experiences in eastern colleges. She edited twenty-two publications of the Special Section between the years of 1947 and 1956. In 1965 she again became involved in Journal publication activities as an Editorial Consultant. In 1969 she terminated her responsibilities to the Journal but in 1972 she accepted a one—year appointment to the newly constituted Journal Board. As has been previously noted in Chapter IV, the primary responsibility for the "We Deans" section was assumed by the Executive Secretary, Barbara Catton. In general, the Special Section Editors have been a group of individuals who have given freely of 117 their expertise to assist in maintaining those sections of the Journal which were of special interest to the membership. Although they received no financial support and they were not afforded Journal Committee membership, their contributions were especially important to the Association at a time when communication, of a profes— sional nature, was of utmost importance. Summary: Designated Individuals The Journal is a professional publication, issued by an Association, without any financial support for an editorial staff. Throughout its thirty-seven—year history the publication has been solely dependent upon the generous contributions of time, effort, energy, and sometimes monies, of its editorial staff. The Association Bylaws have not specified editorial policy and the pub- lication, particularly through its first thirty-two years of printing, was a reflection of a small core of indi- viduals known as the Journal Committee. Thus, infor- mation presented about those individuals who have assumed delegated responsibility for the publishing of the Journal provides the reader with some understanding of how editorial policy was formulated and communicated to the membership. .a.. 118 Topical Analysis Combined with Occupation, Sex, and MefiBership Status of AutHors The purpose of this section of the research study is to report, on the basis of article title, topic or theme, those issues and concerns which have been pre- sented in the Journal in an attempt to meet the member's need for knowledge of the guidance/student personnel pro- fession. The content analysis will be confined to those articles solicited by the editors or contributed by the authors for content publication. Seven topical areas, adapted from the COSPA Statement, have been developed in order to classify the Journal content. These topical areas are outlined, in total, in Chapter III, but a summary statement follows: Topical Area #l.-—Professional Orientation to the Field of Guidance/Student Personnel. Topical Area #2.--Multi-Disciplinary Foundations for the Practice of Guidance/Student Personnel Work. Topical Area #3.--Human Development and the Nature and Needs of Individuals as They Pass Through the Educational System. Topical Area #4.-—Context and Setting. Topical Area #5.--Methods and Techniques. Topical Area #6.——Substantive Areas. Topical Area #7.--Research and Evaluation. 119 Author occupation will be determined from the information printed in the Journal, and the occupation will be classified into one of four categories: (1) education, (2) government, (3) industry, and (4) professional writer or author. Membership status will be determined from the Association printed membership lists. The topical analysis, combined with occupation, sex, and membership status of authors, will be reported for each volume in Appendix B. This particular section of Chapter IV will be devoted to an analysis of that data reported. Volume I of the Journal contained no content articles and that particular Volume, consisting of one issue, will not be included in this section of data analysis. Content Analysis Based Upon Article Title, THeme or Top1c Volumes II through XXXVII of the Journal contain 705 content articles. As previously noted, a content article does not include material printed in Special Sections of the publication nor does it include articles based upon Association Annual Convention presentations. Special Section content has been discussed previously and Annual Convention presentations, later printed in the Journal, will be separately analyzed. 120 Of the 705 content articles published during the 36-year period, 574 were written expressly for the pur- pose of publication in the Journal. The remaining 131 content articles represent reprints from other publi- cations and manuscripts from speeches and addresses made at meetings other than the Association Annual Con- vention. The 131 content articles include 21 reprints from other publications and 110 speeches and addresses. The primary sources for speech copy were four in number: (1) Association state meetings, 53; (2) related personnel/ guidance associations, l7; (3) workshops co-sponsored by an educational institution and the Association, 11; and (4) the Conferences on Science, Philosophy, and Religion in Their Relation to the Democratic Way of Life, Columbia University, 7. An analysis of the number of content articles, based upon six-year periods, provides the following information: Volume II -- VII 79 content articles Volume VIII —- XIII 107 content articles Volume XIV -- XIX 96 content articles Volume XX —- XXV 108 content articles Volume XXVI —— XXXI 158 content articles Volume XXXII -- XXXVII 157 content articles The National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors has, throughout its 121 entire history, advocated a service to guidance/personnel workers at all levels of the educational endeavor. In order to determine whether the Journal Editorial Board and/or Committee has reflected this same philosophy in soliciting articles for the publication, the researcher has attempted to determine whether the article was written with a primary focus on education at one of two levels: (1) secondary and below, and (2) post— secondary. In some cases the content article was directed to educators at all levels and, in these instances, the major interest level has been determined and the article has been placed in the appropriate category. An analysis of the number of content articles, based upon both educational level and six-year time periods, provides the following information: Volume II -- VII Secondary and Below: 46 Postsecondary: 33 Volume VIII —- XIII Secondary and Below: 41 Postsecondary: 66 Volume XIV -- XIX Secondary and Below: 61 Postsecondary: 35 Volume XX -- XXV Secondary and Below: 44 Postsecondary: 64 Volume XXVI -- XXXI Secondary and Below: 25 Postsecondary: 133 Volume XXXII —- XXXVII Secondary and Below: 6 Postsecondary: 151 The first topical area is defined as a profes- sional orientation to the field of guidance/student 122 personnel. Content articles, classified into this cate- gory, would be those which provide an overview of the profession for the purpose of acquainting or re-acquaint- ing the reader with the history, philosophy, problems, and issues, and professional ethics and standards of guidance and student personnel work. The Journal has contained 63 content articles which could be classified into this topical area. These 63 articles represent 8.94 per cent of the total number of content articles (705). Content articles, related to the topic of pro- fessional orientation, have appeared in 23 Volumes of the Journal; however, 29 or 46.03 per cent of the content articles have been printed in Volume XXIX (1965) through XXXVI (1972). Of the 63 articles, 10 could be classified as being of special interest to the educational level of secondary and below and 53 of the articles are related to the concerns of the postsecondary level. The second topical area refers to a multi- disciplinary foundation for the practice of guidance/ student personnel work. Articles, so classified, would be related to philosophy, the social sciences, the biological and natural sciences and the humanities in an attempt to assist the reader to relate these fields to practice. An analysis of data indicates that 30 con- tent articles could be classified into this topical area. These 30 articles represent 4.26 per cent of 123 the total number of content articles (705). Multi— disciplinary foundation articles have appeared in 14 Volumes of the Journal with the heaviest concentration being printed in Volume VIII (1944) when 8 content articles were directed toward this particular topic. Those articles directed toward the interests of post- secondary personnel workers have numbered 23 or 76.67 per cent of the total with the remaining 7 articles being of particular interest to those working at the level of secondary or below. The third topical area related to human develop- ment. Articles, classified into this category, include those which provide the reader with an understanding of the nature, characteristics, and needs of individuals. This section does include the differing life patterns of men and women. Data analysis indicates that 170 articles, or 25.39 per cent of the total content articles (705), could be categorized into this topical area. Of the 36 Journal Volumes analyzed, only 4 Volumes did not contain articles related to the tOpic of human development. Of the total number of articles in this topical area, 65.92 per cent have appeared in the pub- lication since 1961. The postsecondary interest level received emphasis in 80 per cent of the articles. Context and setting represents the fourth topical area. Material, designated in this topical area, would 124 provide the guidance/personnel worker with an understand— ing of the institution and the environmental setting and would include the history, setting, and objectives of the institution as well as its organization, adminis— tration, and curricula. There have been 82 articles printed in the Journal which could be classified into this topical area. This figure represents 11.69 per cent of the total number of articles (705). Articles, related to context and setting, have appeared in 28 Volumes of the Journal; however, the last 7 Volumes of the Journal have contained slightly more than one-third of the articles (39.02%). Two-thirds of the articles, clas- sified as context and setting, have been directed toward the concerns of the postsecondary personnel worker. The fifth topical area is related to methods and techniques. Content articles, classified in this cate- gory, would include those concerned with individual and group counseling principles, theories, and techniques; group dynamics and human relations skills; and principles of administration and decision-making. Of the 705 con- tent articles printed, 168 or 23.83 per cent were related to information on methods and techniques. Articles related to skills in methods, processes, and techniques have appeared in 35 Volumes of the Journal; and the publication of articles has been spread somewhat evenly over the period of thirty-five years. The educational 125 level emphasis has been split almost evenly between the concerns of those working at the postsecondary level and those guidance workers at the level of secondary and below. The postsecondary articles represent 48.21 per cent of the total number of content articles in this topical area and the secondary and below concerns represent 51.79 per cent of the articles. The sixth topical area represents that body of knowledge not only for understanding the broad field of guidance/personnel work but also for functioning in a specific job. The Journal has contained 181 articles which could be classified as representing the substan— tive areas and this represents 25.67 per cent of the total number of content articles published (705). Only one Journal Volume has not contained articles related to this topical concern. The publication of articles has been spread somewhat evenly over the entire thirty— five-year period with the postsecondary interest claiming 73.48 per cent of the articles in the substantive area. The seventh, and last, topical area is related to those skills which enable a guidance/personnel worker to understand or carry out research in the field. Only two articles, or .28 per cent of the total, could be classified into this category which includes an intro- duction to research, bibliographic methods, social research methods, statistical research methods, and 126 the design of studies. Both of the articles are directed to the concerns and needs of the personnel worker in postsecondary education. One article was published in Volume XXVI and the other in Volume XXX. Table 3 presents a summary of the data presented as it relates to content analysis based upon article title, theme, or topic. In summary, the analysis of Journal article title, theme or topic indicates that 705 content articles have been published in thirty-six issues of the publication. Eighty-one per cent of these articles have been written expressly for the purpose of Journal publication. The remaining articles have included reprints from other publications or copies of speeches given primarily before related guidance/personnel associations. Seventy-five per cent of the content articles have been related to three topical area themes: (1) human development, (2) methods and techniques, and (3) sub- stantive areas. Since the printed editorial policy of the Journal indicates that, prior to 1970, the Editorial Board was responsible for soliciting Journal material, it can perhaps be assumed that in the opinion of the Editors these three areas were of the greatest concern for guidance/personnel workers. Of the four remaining topical areas, it should be noted that the areas of professional orientation and context and setting have 127 _ ii! I 2.3 _a 3.2 3.2. 8.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 286838.. 24 _I $8” I 3.5 3.8 2.8 5.3 333 6...... 38.80% meOHuH< HMOHQOB mo Hmnfidz Hmuoa ou cwumem m4 .Ho>mq HMGOHuMUSUm mm .moHOHuH< mo mmmucwouwm 8. _IIIIII 2 6.8.8.5.... o... iIIHIIIII 3 5...... .5. 5.9.8.... Hm>mq HmsoHumoscm X9 moHoHaH< acousoo meOHuHX . . . . . . . uamusOU mo Hwnfisz 00H mN em mN mm MN mm HH mm mN mN v em m Hayes 0» pqume we wwHoHuH< mo mmmusmoumm H W W mow mHmuoa uotqenIeAg pus qoxeessu L# 991V Isordom seexv sAtqueqsqns 9# sexy Ieordom senbruqoem pus spoqqe g# eexv Teardom butanes pue qxequoo p# 991v Isordom quemdoIsAaa uemnH g# 991V Ieordom suorqepunog Aleurtdtoer—rqtn z# 991V Teotdom uorqequerio Ieuotsse;01a I# eexv Ieordom HH>XXX ll HH wEdHO> % OHQOH Ho wfimsu .wHuHu mHUHuHm com: comma HMGHDOM :OHuMHOOmm< was NO mHmXHmsm uswuco0ll.m wands 128 received more attention in the 1960's and 1970's than previously in the publication history. This is perhaps reflective of two concurrent educational issues. The first issue being that of the appropriate place of the woman guidance/student personnel administrators in the field of education. The second issue, revolving around the topical issue of context and setting, relates to an attempt to define the student-institutional relationship and the effect of that relationship on the environment of the college or high school. In reviewing the publication span of the Journal, it can be noted that approximately two-thirds of the con- tent articles have addressed themselves to the concerns of the personnel worker in postsecondary education. However, a closer scrutiny of the data indicates that since the publication of Volume XXV those articles dealing primarily with the concerns of educators at the level of secondary and below have sharply declined to the point that, in the last six years, only six articles are clearly definable as being addressed solely to per- sonnel at this level. It can then be concluded that although the Association's purpose, as outlined in the Bylaws, communicates a concern and a service for edu— cators at all levels of education, the official publi— cation of the Association is currently directed primarily to those readers interested in content articles at the postsecondary level. 129 Data Anal sis Related to Author Occupation, Sex, and Membership Status In compiling the data related to the number of authors contributing to the Journal, it was determined that the variable of sex was the most reliable figure to utilize. This assumption was founded upon the fact that a total figure of 765 authors, based upon occupation, would not be accurate since occupational information was not included in all Journal biographical entries. Since sex of the author was easily discernable, it has been determined that 774 authors have contributed to the publication. In calculating this figure, individuals were included each time they contributed a content article for publication. The calculation, made on the basis of the number of individual contributing authors, would indicate that 644 different individuals had con- tributed a content article. The following summary infor- mation will clarify this figure: 81 authors contributed more than 1 article 56 authors contributed 2 articles 16 authors contributed 3 articles authors contributed 4 articles author contributed 7 articles author contributed 9 articles author contributed 11 articles HF‘P‘m Of interest is the fact that Ruth M. Strang contributed the eleven articles, Kate Hevner Mueller contributed the nine articles, and Florence Myers contributed seven 130 articles. The first two individuals were Journal Editors and the latter was an Associate Editor. Bibliographic information, printed in the Journal, was utilized to determine the author's occupation. The listed occupation was included in one of four designated occupational categories: (1) education, (2) government, (3) industry, and (4) author/writer. Of the 765 authors for which occupational information was available, 703 were employed in the field of education. This figure represents 91.90 per cent of the total number of authors, based upon occupational information. Of the 703 engaged in education, 500 were involved in education at the post— secondary level while 203 were employed at the level of secondary or below. A governmental occupation was listed for 19 of the authors and industry employed 22 authors. The remaining 21 authors were listed as being authors or professional writers. Authors, when viewed by the variable of sex, numbered 774. Of this figure, 482 were female and 292 were male. A further delineation of the female authors indicates that 233 were members of the Association. A breakdown of authors, by sex, would indicate the following figures for six—year periods of publication: Volume II -- VII 52 female authors 27 male authors Volume VIII -- XIII 89 female authors 31 male authors 131 Volume XIV —— XIX 61 female authors 42 male authors Volume XX —- XXV 64 female authors 38 male authors Volume XXVI -- XXXI 105 female authors 70 male authors Volume XXXII -— XXXVII 111 female authors 84 male authors Of the 234 authors writing in the area of con— cerns for the guidance/personnel worker at the level of secondary and below, 152 were female. This represents 64.96 per cent of the total number of authors writing at this level. Of this figure of 152 female authors, 62 were members of the Association. Of the 540 authors writing at the postsecondary level, 330 were female and of this number, 171 were members of the Association. In summary, it can be determined that 774 authors have contributed articles for publication in the Journal. Contained in this figure are 81 individuals who have contributed more than one article to the publication. The number of male authors represented in the first six Volumes of the Journal, as compared to the last six Volumes, has increased approximately 200 per cent while the number of female authors has increased 100 per cent. Female authors, writing at the postsecondary level, represent 61.11 per cent of the total number of authors writing at this level while female authors at the level of secondary and below represent 64.96 per cent. 132 Approximately one—third of the contributing authors are Association members. At the secondary and below edu- cational level, the Association authors comprised 40.79 per cent of the female authors writing at this level. At the postsecondary level, 51.82 of the female authors were Association members. Considering the fact that the Association membership has always indicated a stronger postsecondary employment pattern, the number of secondary and below members contributing to the Journal is significant. Topical Analysis Combined with Occupation, Sex, and Member— ship Status of Authors The data, related to this combined analysis, are presented in Table 4. A topical analysis of content articles of the Journal, combined with occupation, sex, and membership status of authors, does not provide additional or new information related to the number of topical articles nor the occupation of contributing authors. It does, however, provide additional information concerning the topical areas in which male and female authors have contributed articles for Journal publication. Topical Area #6, that area pertaining to substantive areas in guidance and student personnel work, has 52 male authors and 154 female authors. Of all the topical areas, this particular one has the greatest predominance of female 133 . i-IliwlfluliwflaI_Ifllfll_aal_-flllliflll mmm _——————————=——._———flu——————=——-m—_nn—_————_—mfl——mn——————_—mn————u—_—————_————_—m—_—————E—_qfl_—m—_———— N m. -\-_lmm_imll_afil_gal_fial_allran-I ilI_EEI_EEI_EEI_EEI_IEI_HI. .3. _lll_lll_lll_llI_I'I_III_III . iII.“flflnflflfllflflflnflflflflnfllflflfl MOB -mun—————————=—_jfl——fl—————=——m__mm——___.—mum——um——_———_—nug_-—_—__—_—mm__mn—___— S HL S SL 5 S WL d S 31 HI W1 5 dl 0 so 0 a no 0 a so 0 a 00 o a no 0 a no 0 a 10 S D Sd S O qd S 0 3d S 3 Ud S D Md S 0 Id S 3 0d mamuoa a. o a I. .4 o s .... 1. o v.13 o .4... 1. o p. I. 1. o 1.... 1. o 1.1. S U 90 S U 1.3 S U D S U 93 S U U3 S U T.D S U 93 a D. ID. 3 0.. ED. 9 D. D. 9 D. XD. 9 D. D. 8 D. .D. a D. SD. 3 D. DI 3 D. UT 9 D. PI 0 D. QT. D D. GT. 3 D. GT. 3 D. ST. 0 I U. 0 I .4 0 I u 0 J O I 9 O J T. O 1 T. u .A V. u K TV u .A PH. u K 9V U .A AV u .A SV U K 0V. D. 91 D. AI D. 1 D. U! D. 81 D. 31 D. UJ D. D. U3 D. D. 89 D. D. THE D. D. 0.3 D. D. Ia D. D. .3 D. D. 28 I U D? I U D. I U 3D. I U D. I U OD. I U D. I U T.D. vA D. .A D. V .A D. O .A D. S .A D. d .A D. J .A D. Sun I!» U..# Sun mun Oar Can 8 Al. H 99 8 Ur... 8 1.5V 8 6C. 8 H7. 8 IT. a D. 9 D. 3 T. 9 1. 9 U a U 8 T. T. T. T. S .L b T. T. T. .4. I D. I a o n o O n o u 0 o . o u M D. M M a M 5 M M M 1 1. S . T. 0 U HH>XXX II HH 0§H0> no. uzlcoz H0986: .m5uwum mnnmuonsmz w m: oamfiwm .xwm Hmuauz no uud uw:.:H unmficuo>ow :ofiumosvm ":ofiummdooo mmaofiuu< muonusm mo msumum mflnmuwnfiwfi paw .xwm .noflummsooo nufik pwcflnfioo HMGMDOD GOAuMHUOmw< wnu mo mAwMqum HMOfimoell.v mqmfie 134 authors. In topical area #3, that area concerned with human development, the reader again views a predominance of female authors. In this particular area there are 106 articles attributed to female authors versus 73 attributed to male authors. The remaining areas portray a somewhat more even distribution between male and female authors. Topical Analysis for Convention SEEEEEEE‘CSEBIEEH’WIEH‘fiEEfi:‘—— EEEISET—EEEETTEETTTEEESEQEHS Status 0 Spea ers The Journal has contained an additional 235 articles which have been drawn from summaries or reprints of Association Annual Convention speeches. This figure, if added to the 705 content articles previously described, would indicate that the Journal has contained 940 articles in addition to the Special Section reports. There has not been an attempt, on the part of this researcher, to break these convention presentations into topics by educational level since many of the pre- sentations were directed to the total continuum of edu- cational personnel. An analysis, by topical area, follows: Topical Area #l.—-Professional Orientation-- 65 Annual Convention speeches. Topical Area #2.--Mu1ti—Disciplinary Foundations-- 16 Annual Convention speeches. 135 Topical Area #3.--Human Development--56 Annual Convention speeches. Topical Area #4.--Context and Setting-—30 Annual Convention speeches. Topical Area #5.-*Methods and Techniques--32 Annual Convention speeches. Topical Area #6.--Substantive Areas—-35 Annual Convention speeches. Topical Area #7.——Research and Evaluation-- 1 Annual Convention speech. An analysis of the occupations of those presenting pro- grams at the Association Convention, which were later incorporated into the Journal, indicates that 194 pre- senters were employed in the field of education, 15 in the governmental service, 19 in industry, and 6 were classified as authors or writers. The Journal has contained the speeches from 145 female presenters and 89 male speakers. Of the female presenters, 94 were members of the Association at the time that their comments were published in the Journal. During the entire Journal publication history, speeches reprinted from the Annual Convention have been considered an important portion of Journal content. The 235 speech recordings represent 25 per cent of the total article content of 940 articles. During 136 the early publication years, the March Issue of the Journal was devoted entirely to Convention proceedings and speeches. As the Annual Convention date was changed, the June Issue of the Journal became the vehicle for reporting the Annual Convention speeches. When space did not permit the inclusion of all of the Convention speeches, the October or Fall Issue was utilized. At the present time, the Fall Issue of the Journal carries those speeches which the Journal Committee deems worthy of total readership review. Content Directed to the Concerns of Women As previously noted in this research, both Association members and The Source Book for Higher Edu- cation have made reference to the fact that the Journal material was applicable to both male and female guidance/ student personnel workers. In order to affirm or dispute this statement it was necessary to determine the number of articles which were directed primarily toward the concerns of women students or women guidance/personnel professionals. Of the 705 content articles analyzed, 143 of these articles presented a primary focus on the concerns of women. The authors of such articles totalled 166, of which 46 were male and 120 were female. Of the 120 female authors, 60 were members of the Association. 137 Articles, primarily concerned with women, have appeared in 32 Volumes of the Journal. Up until the publication of Volume XXIV (1960) the number of articles in this category ranged from 1 to 4. After 1960 the range was expanded from this figure to One of 5 to 14. This expansion coincided with two events, namely the appoint- ment of Kate Hevner Mueller who had a personal interest in the field of women's education and in the 1970's the membership's reaffirmed interest in supporting student services for the female student at both the collegiate and high school level. Articles, related to the concerns of women, have been included in all topical areas with the exception of the last one which deals with evaluation and research. However, 60.14 per cent of the articles have been classified into Topical Area #3, concerned with human development. The reader will recall that this particular topic area made specific reference to the differing life styles of men and women. In summary, it can be indicated that the content articles in the Journal have not been predominately directed toward the concerns of women. Only 20.28 per cent of the total number of content articles (705) could be classified in this category. However, it must be noted that the 1960's, and more recently the 1970's, 138 have seen the publication of a greater number of articles directed toward such concerns than in previous Journal Volumes. Summary of Analysis of Data The publication title of the Journal of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors has historically remained congruent with the name of the Association. The publication cover design has remained relatively simple, incorporating only the publication title, the stated theme of at least one article contained in the particular issue, and other pertinent publication information. Since the publication of Volume XXXIV the cover design has con- tained a color-coding related to the publication date of the issue. The Journal has not, until very recent years, published any form of advertising. That which is currently included in the publication is limited in scope and is related solely to items of interest regard— ing concerns of women. Initially the Journal contained items related to the Association business proceedings but these were deleted early in the publication history and only the membership listing was retained until 1956. The Journal has, during its entire publication history, contained pertinent biographical data concerning the contributing authors. 139 Four Special Sections were a continuing part of the publication for the first twenty-five years of pub— lication history. These Special Sections included: (1) "Book Routes," (2) Secondary Sch-ol Exchange," (3) "University and College Exchange," and (4) "We Deans." Each of these sections provided the reader with information related to programs, projects, and materials within the guidance/personnel field. Within the last two years there has been some attempt to revive the bibliographic type of service formally provided by. one of these Special Sections. There have been a number of designated indi— viduals who have assumed responsibility for the publi- cation of the Journal. However, it is perhaps most important that there have been but four Editors during the entire publication history. Of added significance is the fact that two of these Editors served the publi— cation during its first twenty-nine years. The first Editor, Ruth M. Strang, established many of the editorial policies which were to remain in effect until 1970, among them the ability of the Editor to remain the solicitor of publication material and the sole deter— minant regarding the inclusion of material. Since 1970, the readership has been increasing encouraged to con— tribute materials which are not specifically solicited by the Journal Committee. Within the past three years 140 the Editorial Board, composed of relatively few members, has been expanded to a group defined as a Journal Com- mittee and responsibilities for the publication appear to be greatly diffused. Over a publication period of thirty—seven years, 940 articles have appeared in the Journal. Of this number, 705 would be considered content articles and 235 would be classified as a printing of speeches presented at the Association Annual Convention. Of the 705 articles, 31.21 per cent have been directed toward the concerns of the guidance worker at the educational level of secondary and below and 68.79 per cent have been directed toward the personnel worker in postsecondary education. Of the 765 contributing authors, 703 have been engaged in some form of employment related to the field of education. Of the 774 authors, classified by sex, 482 have been female and 292 have been male. Articles drawn from Association Convention programs have constituted 25 per cent of the Journal article content. Articles, directed toward the concerns of women students and professionals, have constituted 20 per cent of the content articles. tives: (l) (2) (3) (4) CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS Summary of Research Findings This study was undertaken with five main objec- To identify those designated Association members who have contributed their professional expertise to the publication in the role of Editor, Associate Editor, Managing Editor, Section Editor, or other officer of the Association; To trace, historically, the format of the Journal as it relates to the inclusion or exclusion of special interest sections; To report, on the basis of article theme or topic, those issues and concerns which have been presented in an attempt to meet the member's needs for knowledge of the profession; To identify the contributing authors by sex, membership status, and by occupation at the time of the contribution of the material; and 141 142 (5) To determine to what degree the Journal article contents speak to the concerns of a single sex or whether, in fact, it is of general value to professional guidance/student personnel workers of both sexes. It was not the purpose of this study to analyze the pro- fessional competence of the authors who contribute to the Journal nor was there an attempt to judge the pro- fessional quality of the content of the articles pub- lished in the Journal. Contributions of Designated Ind1v1duals The Association Bylaws did, from 1941 until 1971, specify the composition or membership of the Journal Committee or Journal Board. The 1971 Bylaw Revisions removed such information from the Association Bylaws and placed it in the Manual of Operations. The Bylaws then become the vehicle by which individual members are designated to assume responsibility for the publication of the Journal. It is significant, however, that the Association Bylaws designate only the committee composition and they do not, at any point in history, delineate the publication's editorial policy. The identification of those individuals who have contributed their professional expertise to the publication in any type of form of an editorial role underscores the fact 143 that the position of Journal Editor has had the greatest impact upon the historical development of the publication. The first Editor, Ruth M. Strang, remained in the position for twenty years and continued, after her retirement from Columbia University, as a Consulting Editor for an addi— tional ten years. Her successor, Kate Hevner Mueller, had been an Associate Editor of the Journal under Ruth M. Strang for eleven years prior to assuming her role as Editor. The latter role she was to retain for nine years. The first two Editors were given considerable latitude to develop editorial policies and procedures for the publication. Both worked with a maximum of two Associate Editors, upon occasion an Editorial Consultant, and a Managing Editor. Both Ruth M. Strang and her successor, Kate Hevner Mueller, exerted great influence in taking the responsibility for personally soliciting manuscripts and making the final decisions concerning the material which was finally included for publication. They were obviously appointed to the editorship because they were recognized authorities in the field of guidance/student personnel services and both had been influential in shaping the professional lives of the Association members through their previous record of publications in the field. Along with the authority to make final publication decisions, they brought to the position the recognized expertise to make such 144 decisions based upon a background of broad educational knowledge and interests. The second two Journal Editors, serving the Association during the past five years, have assumed a somewhat different editorial posture by openly soliciting manuscripts and by spread— ing the final responsibility for decisions on manu- scripts among a variety of Editorial Consultants and Journal Committee members. Consequently, the current Journal is a reflection of committee consensus rather than the result of the influence of one or several individuals. Special Interest Sections The research, related to a study of Special Sections of the Journal, has indicated that there were four such sections which met the basic criteria of a publication history of ten years or more. These sections have been defined as: (1) "Book Routes," (2) "Secondary School Exchange," (3) "College and University Exchange," and (4) "We Deans." The publi- cation span of each of these Special Sections was roughly the same, twenty-five years. Each of the sections reflected the Association membership's interest in sharing programs and project ideas and other news of a professional/personal nature. In part, they were sustained over a period of twenty-five years due to the personal commitment, by interested 145 members, to not only submit information for publication but also to provide the professional expertise to sum— marize and synthesize the material for regular publi— cation. Content Analysis Based Upon Article Title, Theme or Topic The analysis of Journal article title, topic or theme indicates that 705 content articles have been pub- lished in thirty-six issues of the publication. This analysis does not include those speeches which have been presented before the Association Annual Convention. This latter group of articles adds an additional 235 articles to the Journal content. Seventy-five per cent of the content articles have been related to three topical area themes: (1) human development, (2) methods and techniques, and (3) substantive areas. Of the four remaining topical areas, it can be noted that the areas of professional orientation and context and setting have received more attention in the 1960's and 1970's than previously in the publication history. In reviewing the publication span of the Journal, it can be noted that approximately two-thirds of the content articles have addressed themselves to the concerns of personnel workers in postsecondary education. However, a closer scrutiny of the data indicates that those articles 146 dealing with the concerns of educators at the level of secondary and below have sharply declined in the last six years. Author Occupation, Sex and Membership Status An analysis of author occupation indicates that 91.90 per cent of the contributors are employed in some phase of education. Of this group, 500 are employed at the level of postsecondary education while the remaining 203 are at the level of secondary or below. An analysis of data, by sex of author, indicates that 482 authors were female and 292 were male. Approximately one—third of the contributing female authors were members of the Association. Content Directed to the Concerns of Women Articles, pertaining to the concerns of women, have been included in all topical areas with the exception of the last one which deals with research and evaluation. However, only 20.28 per cent of the total number of content articles (705) could be identified as dealing primarily with the concerns of female students and/or professional workers in the field of guidance and student personnel. In addition, it must be noted that in the 1960's, and more recently in the l970's, the Journal has printed a greater number 147 of articles directed toward such concerns and this increase is reflected in an increase among those articles published in the topical area designated as human development. Implications As noted in Chapter I, one of the functions of any professional organization is to provide service to its members. The major publication organ of the Associ— ation for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors has been the Journal. The Journal contents, therefore, indicate the type of information service which has been provided to the membership through the avenue of publi— cations. The topical analysis, as completed, indicates that the membership has received professional information in the following descending order: Substantive Areas.--That body of knowledge for not only understanding the broad field of guidance/personnel work but also for functioning in a specific job. Human Development.--That information which provides the reader with an understanding of the nature, char- acteristics, and needs of individuals. Methods and Techniques.--Information concerned with individual and group counseling principles, theories, and techniques; group dynamics and human relations skills; and principles of administration and decision-making. 148 Context and Setting.--Materia1 which provides the guidance/personnel worker with an understanding of the institution and the environmental setting. Professional Orientation.——An overview of the pro- fession in regard to history, philosophy, problems, issues, and ethics. Multi—Disciplinary Foundations.--Articles related to philosophy, the sciences and humanities in an attempt to assist the reader to relate these fields to practice. Research and Evaluation.--Articles to assist the reader to understand and develop methodology. In 1961, upon the occasion of Ruth M. Strang's retirement, there appeared in the Journal a brief sum- mation of publication policies. Within these comments, there was reference to the type of content articles which the Journal Board was desirious of continuing to publish. . . . It is further apparent that it seldom makes use of original experimental materials although it has always welcomed well-written original manuscripts from its members. It favors dis- cussions of recurring problems, new techniques, or challenging theories.63 63"Forward" (January, 1961), 69. 149 In 1973, the Source Book for Higher Education charac— terized the Journal publication articles as “readable, practical, and of general value. . . . "64 The topical analysis, along with the two pre- ceding comments, would support the premise that the Journal publication is designed to provide an infor- mational service to members which is primarily centered around the development of skills, methods, and techniques which are related to specific guidance/personnel job functions. The develOpment of skills in the area of evaluation and research has received literally no emphasis during the entire history of the publication. The Association Bylaws indicate that the basic purpose of the organization is "to provide information, assistance, and support for women educators as they serve students at all levels of education."65 An analysis of content articles, by educational level, indicates that the present emphasis is upon information related to the personnel worker in postsecondary edu— cation. Although many of the content articles contain information which may be effectively utilized by 64Willingham, Source Book for Higher Education, p. 396. 65"Bylaws of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors," National Associ- ation for Women Deans, Administrators, an Counse ors Directory of Members (Washington, D.C.: NAWDAC, Sep- tember, 19735, p. 79. 150 guidance/personnel workers at all levels, the articles specifically concerned with education at the secondary level and below have sharply declined in recent years. The present Journal publication is, therefore, not a reflection of the stated Association purpose. The con— tent articles do, instead, reflect the need to provide a publication service for those postsecondary members who comprise the majority of the current membership. Increasingly, over the past decade, members of the Association have come to work with both male and female students and professional counterparts of the opposite sex. The topical analysis of the Journal, as well as the analysis of sex of authors, indicates that the content articles could provide a service for guidance/personnel workers regardless of their sex. The Source Book for Higher Education has also supported the premise that the content articles are of value to professionals regardless of sex. Therefore, it may be stated that the Journal content articles are designed to assist the reader to work effectively with students and professionals of both sexes. The Journal has a publication history of thirty— seven volumes. During this publication history era, the Association has faced several crises, i.e., the effects of a war effort, financial exigency, and pressure to merge with other predominantly male 151 personnel organizations. Throughout each of these critical situations, the Journal has always been viewed as an activity which received priority in terms of con- tinued maintenance. In part, this priority related to the fact that the Editorial Board remained consistent and constant and, in many instances, provided an example of personal commitment beyond the expectations for persons serving in similar publication capacities. At the present time, the efforts of the Journal Board are diffused among numerous individuals and the editor— ship of the publication has shifted twice within the last five years. The question then remains as to whether the current persons responsible for the publi- cation could, in a time of Association crisis, provide the impetus to cause the Association to continue to perceive the Journal as a priority in terms of organi- zational activity. Within the last decade there has been evidence of increasing concern regarding the issues which effect women students and women professionals in the field of student personnel work. Currently the impetus may be viewed as effecting Journal content, in that, increasingly the content articles involving the topics of human development and context and setting are directed towards the needs of the woman student. It would appear that this is a most current reader service which very well 152 may best be provided by a publication sponsored and conceived by a woman's organization. The topical analysis, as presented in this research, would suggest that there are seven topical areas which are considered to be important in the development of skills. It is, therefore, implied that Journal content articles, appropriately concerned with the needs of women, must increasingly incorporate topical emphasis from all seven of the areas rather than from only two or three. Recommendations for Future Research As previously noted, one of the limitations of this study is the fact that it is limited to one pro- fessional journal. Members of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors also belong to other guidance/student personnel professional organizations. A survey of Association members, com- pleted in 1970, gives some indication of the range of memberships: Respondents belong to numerous professional organizations. Of the 14 listed, state organi- zations are the most popular. Thirty-eight per- cent of the respondents indicated that they belong to ACPA, while 18 percent belong to NASPA and 26 percent belong to NEA. Thirty-four percent are members of AAUW, and 18 percent belong to AAHE.66 66Margaret C. Berry and Laurine E. Fitzgerald, "The Profile and Status of NAWDC Members," Journal of the National Association of Women Deans and CounseIors Winter 1 7 : 5. 153 It is, therefore, suggested that to more accurately assess the impact of publications upon professional development it would be necessary to complete a similar historical analysis of the other guidance/student per- sonnel professional organizations. It would then be possible to more accurately determine the total range of professional information available to the professional student personnel worker through association publications. In researching historical materials related to the Journal Editors, it became apparent that three of the four Editors had completed some phase of their advanced education at Columbia University, New York City. It was not possible, in this particular historical analysis, to devote an inordinate amount of attention to the educational background of these or other desig- nated individuals. Further research, limited only to an historical study of designated individuals, might provide some additional information regarding educational patterns and institutional affiliation. Although this particular research was limited to an historical analysis of the Journal, it has reflected, in some part, segments of the historical development of the total Association. Two previous doctoral disser- tations have traced the Association's historical development through 1961 but there is no official documentation of the developments since 1961. It would 154 be the hope of this researcher that some writer might consider the project of completing the historical docu- mentation within the next few years. Conclusion In 1936, Anastasia Doyle and her associates at Stanford University completed an analysis of the Yearbook of the N.A.D.W. In concluding the report, the author commented upon the importance of an Association publi- cation. Thirty-eight years have passed since the com- mentary was published and the Journal publication has, from the inception, been a very different publication from that of the Association Yearbook. However, the author's commentary is presented here as an astute summary for the historical analysis of the Journal of the National Association for Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors. . . . they do tell us and all who read, what we have spent our time discussing, what problems and perplexities seemed to us to need cooperative think- ing, what help we wanted from those outside our association, and, finally, in what fields we felt, as individuals, that we could add to the store of knowledge or the skills of the group. In the words which come from our own mouths, so to speak, we shall find our beatification or our condem- nation.67 67Doyle, "A Study of the Yearbook of the N.A.D.W.," p. 113. APPENDICES APPENDIX A TOPICAL COVER THEMES APPENDIX A TOPICAL COVER THEMES VOLUME I #1 Annual Proceedings VOLUME II #1 Educational Counseling #2 The Ends and Means of Education #3 Winter Conference #4 Annual Proceedings VOLUME III #1 Secondary School Curricular Guidance #2 Selected Bibliography #3 Winter Conference #4 Annual Proceedings VOLUME IV #1 Counseling and Adjustment #2 Atlantic City Convention #3 Winter Conference #4 Annual Proceedings VOLUME V #1 Foundations of Personnel Work #2 To and By the Students #3 Winter Conference #4 Annual Proceedings VOLUME VI #1 Human Relations #2 Counseling Techniques #3 Conference Report of the Council of Guidance and Personnel Associations #4 Group Activities VOLUME VII #1 Philosophy and Practice #2 Preservation of Social Values #3 International Understanding #4 Community Services VOLUME VIII #1 Work—Experience Programs #2 Group Tensions #3 Student Personnel #4 Counselors in Wartime 155 VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME IX XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 156 The Dean and Discipline Use of Tests in Counseling The High School Dean's Work Reports of Regional Conferences Social Changes and Individual Development Conditions Essential to Personnel Work Counseling and Group Work Annual Convention 1947 1947 Convention Speeches Guidance in Rural Communities Personnel Work with Women Students at Wisconsin Annual Convention 1948 Aspects of Guidance in High School Guidance for Counselors and Students Group Dynamics Convention Notes, 1949 Phases of High School Personnel Work Admissions and In-Service Education 1950 Convention Papers Program Notes, 1950 Convention Who Does Personnel Work? The Position of Dean of Women A New Approach in Guidance Overview, 1951 Annual Convention Vocational Guidance UNESCO and Human Resources No Topical Cover Theme Annual Convention, Los Angeles, 1952 The Dean of Girls in High School In-Service Education The Child Development View of Personnel Work Annual Convention, Chicago, 1953 Interviews with Parents and Students Many-Sided Views of Mental Health Sociological Aspects of Personnel Work Annual Convention, Washington, 1954 VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME VOLUME XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 157 Vocational Guidance—-Its Theory and Practice Adolescent Social Relations Resource Materials Annual Convention, 1955: Counseling for Maturity Aspects of Adolescent Guidance Guidance in Other Countries Views of Deans and Students Annual Convention, 1956: Freedom and Responsibility Relations Between Reading and Guidance Women's Residence Halls: Their Function in Modern Education Some Critical Manpower Shortages in Industry Annual Convention 1957: Education and Freedom 1958 Annual Convention, Values We Live By-—Choices We Make Adolescent Development—-The Foun— dation of Guidance Highlights of State Conventions Current Concerns of Counselors Content for Counseling and Group Work Communication in Personnel Work Implications of Child Development Research for Personnel Work 1959 Annual Convention New Developments in High School Guidance Interpretation of Tests Individual and Group Guidance of Exceptional Children 1960 Annual Convention, Directions: Intellectual, Professional Personal New Programs and Procedures in the High School Glimpses of Guidance by Ruth Strang's Doctoral Students Goals for Personnel Work on Today's Campus 1961 Annual Convention VOLUME XXV VOLUME XXVI VOLUME XXVII VOLUME XXVIII VOLUME XXIX VOLUME XXX VOLUME XXXI #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 158 Counseling for College in the Secondary School Changing Patterns in the Higher Education of Women New Programs for School and Campus No Topical Cover Theme The Counselor's Role in the Changing Educational Scene Student Sex Standards and Behav1or: The Educator's Responsibility Research in Personnel Work The Counselor as a Learner 1963 Convention Highlights Challenges to Tradition in Student Personnel Work New Approaches to Counseling Women in School and College No Topical Theme Cover Aspects of the Adolescent Society Studies of the Campus Residence Hall 1964 Convention Highlights Ethical Values and Student Behavior: Theory and Application Teaching Values and Motivating Students in the High Schools Personnel Work with College Women in 1965 Convention 1965: Perspectives for Tomorrow The Campus of the Sixties: Promoting Health Individual Growth The Past Speaks to the Present Women 16 to 60: Education for Full Maturity Students and Their Values Campus Planning for the 1967 Student The Young Adult: A New Course for the College Personnel Curriculum New Perspectives, New Methods for Personnel Workers, 1967 Personnel Work in 1967: "That Finish . . . Which Is Art" A Challenge to This Generation of Students VOLUME XXXII VOLUME XXXIII VOLUME XXXIV VOLUME XXXV VOLUME XXXVI VOLUME XXXVII #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4 159 A Broad Perspective: From Yesterday to Tomorrow Developing Students' Creative Potentialities The College Student: Character- istics and Problems Planning for the Seventies in Student Personnel Dissonance and the Search for Human Dignity The Black Student on Campus Some Aspects of the Counseling of Women Students Listening to Students for Some National and International Per- spectives Understanding Student—Parent Expectations The Educator in an Era of Social Change: Evolutionist or Revolutionist? Problems and Opportunities Chal- lenging Women Today Professional Status, Concerns, and Reflections Women's Roles, Labels, and Stereo— types College Opportunities—-Admissions and Activities Femininity, Feminism, and Edu- cational Change Programming for the Education of Women Humanizing Student Services Redefining Personnel Services Future Think . . . Response to the Accelerative Thrust of Change Convention Issue The Women's Movement Students View the Campus Culture Alternative Roles "What, Then, Is a Human Being . . .?" Convention Issue Sexism and Bias Some Considerations for Counselors Vocational Development APPENDIX B TOPICAL ANALYSIS COMBINED WITH OCCUPATION, SEX, AND MEMBERSHIP STATUS OF AUTHORS, VOLUME II -- VOLUME XXXVII v "HH MEDQO> EH mmHOHDH< #COHSOU _HII_HHI_ $982-52 x Hogan: "msumum magnumafimz _HII_HII_ 3...... x x meEmm .xmm _I||_II|_ #533 “932. _I||_ll|_ supmswfi _'l|_lll_ pumscugow x x x x :OHuMOSUM "coflummsooo d S Kiepuooesqso ‘qqew Kiepuooesqso 'uoei s L 0 .d T.- O D. I V. I a D. 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