THE CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS. ' ‘ * - OF INDUSTRIAL TOPICS REPRESENTED ‘ p 5 IN JUVENILE INTDRMATIDN TRADE BOOKS . - - Dissertation for the Degree of PD. D. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY DENNIS ELROY DARLING 7 1973‘ .5} Lze {3’5 U1 :1 ‘l’v -.. I I., k! .‘k ‘ . . . . V - 7' . . _ ' . > .‘ ' ‘ ‘ ' . ' I I l .D ' . ' V ~ "":IlleV'~l ' I ' ' ‘I ' v"; ”tippn... . rv'V - .. , ' V r v , ' .I LIBRARY iv 9 Michigan State .~ University L..__...f This is to certify that the thesis entitled THE CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL TOPICS REPRESENTED IN JUVENILE INFORMATION TRADE BOOKS presented by DENNIS ELROY DARLING has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for PH.D. , INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION degree 1n Major professor DateNovember 30 , 1973 0-7 639 amome av “E ‘WHB’E SMS' BI’JUK BINDERI' INC. LIBRARY BINDERS 9 nmucmn lawman IIII fl M ABSTRACT THE CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL TOPICS REPRESENTED IN JUVENILE INFORMATION TRADE BOOKS BY Dennis Elroy Darling The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which major topics of industry were represented in information books written for upper elementary stu- dents. A classified list of ten major topics with forty- two subtopics was develOped for inclusion in a data col- lection and analysis instrument. The problem was expressed in the form of a question since comparisons were not made between dif- ferentiated samples. Of the major aspects of industry, which are given the greatest representation and which the least representation in juvenile information trade books? From a population of 800 books written primarily for students in grades four through six and published from 1961 through 1970, a random sample of 200 books Dennis Elroy Darling was selected for content analysis treatment with the developed instrument as an aid in the quantification of the data. The ten major industrial topics identified were (1) History and Development, (2) Resources, (3) Organi- zation, (4) Research, (5) Production, (6) Occupations, (7) Construction, (8) Transportation, (9) Communication, and (10) Consumption. Data analysis consisted of a two-way analysis of variance to determine if significant differences existed in the extent to which major topics were represented. The establishment of confidence intervals around topic mean scores allowed a graphic presentation of the tOpic ranking and grouping tendencies. The results of the analysis indicated the follow- ing conclusions: 1. There is a significant difference in the extent to which major topics of industry are represented in juvenile information trade books. 2. The greatest representation is given to the two topics history and development, and production. 3. Four topics with nearly equal representation and with a position of central tendency are resources, research, occupations, and transportation. Dennis Elroy Darling 4. Communication, which included both graphic and electronic media, ranked seventh in the degree of representation. 5. Three topics receiving the least representation in juvenile information trade books were organi- zation, construction, and consumption. Con- sumption was given the least representation of the ten industrial topics. This study suggests important implications for curriculum at the elementary and middle school levels. A wealth of information about aspects of industry is readily available to teachers and students. This study has provided an extensive list of children's books written for upper elementary students. It has also provided an arrangement of major topics and suthpics which could be used by teachers, librarians, and students to organize their approach to the presentation and study of industry and technology in our society. Children are especially receptive to change. Changes in our style of living may be the significant factor in the maintenance of our highly developed techni- cal society as we face shortages of resources and witness an alarming rate of environmental deterioration. The task of providing adequate information for the directed study of these problems must be assumed in part by our educational programs at all levels. Dennis Elroy Darling The reading abilities of many middle school or junior high school students are often lower than their grade level indicates. Materials of the type identified in this study could find expanded use in such programs both for specific reading improvement and for general classroom study. Many of the major tOpics investigated in this study are the same as the career clusters recently defined for use in career education. These materials can prove to be significant resources for such programs from early elementary through high school. The study has also identified those areas in which additional publications are necessary in order to provide sufficient resources for our youth as they plan their future. THE CLASSIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL TOPICS REPRESENTED IN JUVENILE INFORMATION TRADE BOOKS BY Dennis Elroy Darling A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Secondary Education and Curriculum 1973 Copyright by DENNI S ELROY DARL ING 1973 AC KNOWLEDGMENT S The writer expresses his appreciation to Dr. C. Blair MacLean for his consideration, patience, and direction during the various phases of this study. Special thanks are due Dr. Jean LePere for her interest and encouragement to pursue the topic of this study. The assistance of the other members of the guidance committee, Dr. Charles Blackman, Dr. John Fuzak, and Dr. William Faunce, is also recognized. Dr. Andrew Porter and Robert Carr of the office of research consultation provided valuable assistance during the development of the instrument and the analysis of the data. The continued support and faith of my wife, Jean, and the patience of my son, Chad, was most appreciated. Much appreciation is also extended to my parents who expressed their interest in my education and provided support to my efforts. ii Chapter I. II. III. TABLE OF CONTENTS DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM . . Introduction . . . . Purpose of the Study . . . Need for the Study. . . . Assumptions . . . . . . Definition of Terms . . . Limitations of the Study. . Problem Statement . . . . Overview of the Study. . . A REVIEW OF LITERATURE TO DETERMINE A CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL TOPICS Introduction. . . . . . A Broad Definition of Industry. The Classification of American Industries The Functions of Industries. Organizing a Classified List of Industrial Concepts . . . . . . History and Development . Resources. . . . . . Organization. . . . . Research . . Production . . . . . Occupations . Construction. Transportation Communication Consumption . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . DESIGN OF THE STUDY . . . . Introduction. . . . . . Analysis Instrument . . . Instrument Reliability . . iii Page 15 15 17 21 28 33 Chapter Page Sample Selection . . . . . . . . . 52 Data Collection . . . . . . . . . 53 Content Analysis . . . . . . . . 53 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . 55 smnmary O O O O O O O O O O O O 5 6 IV 0 ANAIJYSI 8 OF DATA 0 O O O O O O O O O 5 8 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 58 Treatment of the Data . . . . . . . 59 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . 66 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . 67 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . 69 Application. . . . . . . . . . 69 Further Study . . . . . . . . . 7O Implications . . . . . . . . . . 71 APPENDICES Appendix A. Instrument Used in the Study . . . . . . 74 B. Books Used in the Study (total population) . 77 C. Publisher Index . . . . . . . . . . 134 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . 143 iv Table 3.1. LIST OF TABLES Page Agreement within Group I (teachers) and cor- relations between group mean scores and researcher scores for each major tOpic . . 49 Agreement within Group II (librarians) and correlations between group mean scores and researcher scores for each.major topic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Agreement within Group III (elementary majors) and correlations between group mean scores and researcher scores for each major tOpic. 51 Mean scores for industrial topics repre- sented O O O O O O O O I O O O O 59 Two-way analysis of variance test for no dif- ference between topics represented on the total instrument . . . . . . . . . 60 Confidence intervals for topic mean scores. . 62 Graphic comparison of confidence intervals around topic mean scores . . . . . . 63 CHAPTER I DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM Introduction American industry, supported by scientific research, has been the means by which technology has advanced throughout our country. This vehicle-~industry-- in effect has caused us to characterize America as an "industrial society." However simple or complex a social structure, it is maintained by an identifiable technology or organization of human and material resources. Our society is dependent upon a rapidly developing technology in which industry "has emerged as the decisive, the representative and the constitutive institution."l Very few people in America, or the world, have not felt the results of the technology which penetrate most aspects of our society. Some of the resulting con- ditions are praised as progress healthy to our society while others demonstrate man's inability to exercise control over his inventions. 1Peter F. Drucker, The New Society (New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1950), p. 27. Man acquires his knowledge and understanding of industry's role in the development of an industrial society from his own occupational and consumer exper- iences. Various media provide descriptive and evaluative comment on the status of labor, the decisions of manage- ment, the use of natural resources, and the effect of industry on the American economy. These experiences and informational sources influence the concepts of industry developed by people of all ages. As a result, it is these concepts which have a major effect upon man's behavior as he reacts with the elements of his environ- ment. Wbodruff explains the relationship of experience to concept formation and behavior: Our experiences with the world register within us in the form of concepts, values, and feelings for things, language, skills, and habits. They then become the controlling elements in determining what we try to do, and how well we do it.2 The perpetuation of any culture and its changing nature is dependent basically upon the education acquired by its children and youth--formal or informal. In the United States, as in all highly industrialized societies, the school has become the focal point for educational experience. "Within a balanced liberal education," 2Asahel D. Woodruff, Basic Concepts of Teaching (San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Company,'I96l), p. Lux notes, "one must gain, among other things, industrial literacy."3 He elaborates by saying: At one time, this may have been provided outside the formal school setting simply through family member- ship. This, of course, is only true in a primitive society where the family is an independent socio- economic entity. As interdependence increases and industrial technology becomes more complex, society must either provide for industrial literacy through the formal school program or expect a citizenry which is frustrated or even endangered by its lack of industrial literacy and which is unable to make a satisfactory accommodation between man and what is increasingly an industrially-produced environ- ment.4 Students rely on printed materials in the form of texts and references as a major source of information to assist them in the study of particular subjects or in the exploration of their own interests. Many of the "facts" they are seeking are found in what are called information books. Whatever the information provided, it is a source of concept development. Concept development, the "stuff" of education, is a continuous process. It begins in infancy and early childhood when "out of the initial buzzing confusion of the world the child 3Donald G. Lux, "The Status and Future of Indus- trial Arts," Industrial Arts in A Changing Society: Representative Addresses and Proceedings of the 31th Annual Convention (Washington, D.C.: American Industrial Arts Association, 1972), p. 19. 41bid. 5‘ discovers regularities and makes generalizations."5 A child entering school brings with him a store of several hundred concepts. Although simple, they are tools to think with. According to Havighurst the development of concepts necessary for everyday living is a major task of middle childhood. "The task is to acquire a store of concepts sufficient for thinking effectively about ordinary occupational, civic, and social matters."6 Industry is considered a major force affecting many aspects of our lives. We should consider its importance as a topic for exploration in early and middle childhood as well as adolescence and adulthood. Children at an early age begin to gather infor- mation and arrange it for use in the development of con- cepts which will affect their future behavior. There- fore, the type and content of available information about America's industries should warrant some attention. Teachers, librarians, and parents, with a basic knowledge of the industrial topics represented in juvenile infor- mation books, may be able to provide educational activi- ties which contribute to the developmental task of com- bining information and experience into useful concepts. 5Robert J. Havighurst, Human Development and Edu- cation (New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1953), p. 16. 61bid., p. 34. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which major topics of industry were represented in information books written for upper elementary stu- dents. Providing information and reference materials for children to use requires a knowledge of their availa- bility and content. In this study, through the use of a classified list of major topics and subtopics, a selected group of books were analyzed to determine which topics had the greatest representation and which topics were given little attention. Need for the Study Industry provides goods and services to meet most of man's material needs and desires. It has also created numerous problems which require new technical and social understandings and developments. Providing our children with an understanding of the complex world we live in has become a formidable task for schools. An opportunity to study and discuss the nation's problems and their related solutions can begin, however, early in the life of students. Construction activities under the name of indus- trial arts have existed for years in a number of elemen- tary schools across the country. Teachers providing these activities need resources which will relate experience and information. Little progress has been made in developing and organizing instructional materials to promote the study of American industry as it affects the social, economic, and cultural aspects of our society. Some of the efforts of those interested in the study of industry at the elementary level, however, are worthy of note. Gilbert's Children Study American Industry7 was written as a resource book to aid ele- mentary school teachers in directing learning activities that involve the tools, machines, materials, and pro- cesses of industry. In addition to suggesting activities for children studying manufacturing, construction, com- munications, transportation, and power as industries, he emphasizes the value of such activity for students in relation to individual differences and motivation. He discusses the development of American industry from colonial craftsmen to automated mass production. Gilbert does not, however, provide references which may be used by children as they explore various industries. A detailed portrayal of key characteristics of the major American industries is provided by Scobey in 7Harold G. Gilbert, Children Study American Industr (Dubuque, Iowa: wm. C. Brown Company Pub- Iishers, 1966). her book Teaching Children About Technology.8 Specific suggestions are given to help the teacher plan experi- ences that are historical in their approach to under- standing modern industrial processes. An abundant list of references for children is supplied. Perhaps one of the most interesting attempts to bring elementary children into contact with various aSpects of our industrial society is the Technology for Children Project being carried on in a number of New Jersey schools. Initially under the direction of Elizabeth Hunt, it was presented by members of her staff and cooperating elementary teachers at the annual con- vention of the American Industrial Arts Association in Minneapolis in 1968. Dispensa, Pawlowski, and Hunt described the effect of the project on the elementary classroom environment. The Technology for Children Project is devising the kind of classroom environment which utilizes basic exploratory, manipulative drives, by includ- ing a wide variety of tools, materials and other items. The energy, interest and curiosity of a child is released in this environment, to accrue for him information through all of his sensory channels. Gathering data and/or information from the human and non-human environment through all sen- sory channels is synonymous with learning.9 8Mary-Margaret Scobey, Teaching Children About Technolo (Bloomington, 111.: McKnight & McKnight Pub- 1sh1ng Co., 1968). 9Barbara Pawlowski and Joseph Dispensa, Jr., "Environment for Learning," Thirtieth Annual Convention of the American Industrial Arts Association, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 2, 1968. . . . each elementary teacher provides for explora- tory experiences in technology to help children dis- cover their own interests and abilities (basic to intelligent vocational choice) so that they are in a better position to handle information about, and identify with, what people do in the world of work.10 The classroom environment which includes a wide variety of tools and materials and other concrete items and allows children the freedom to interact or deal with these materials in both directed and non-directed ways is the raw material or "stuff" out of which all of the cognitive, affective and psychomotor processes represented in the broad areas of the curriculum can be developed.11 Stunard, assistant director of the project, expressed his concern for changing the elementary class- room teacher and for the involvement of industrial arts educators: If education for children is to have a brighter outlook today, it must be through our elementary classroom teachers. The elementary classroom teacher must feel a need for curriculum change, and, in the final analysis, be the one to initiate new learning techniques. If technology is ever to make an impact at the elementary school level, industrial arts educators must become increasingly concerned with how to change elementary teachers, in addition to being set on developing consultants to work in classrooms.12 loIbid. 11Elizabeth E. Hunt, "Strategy for Change," Thirtieth Annual Convention of the American Industrial Arts Association, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 3, 1968. 1213. Arthur Stunard, "Effecting Change Through the Elementary Classroom Teacher: Institute Phase," Thirtieth Annual Convention of the American Industrial Arts Association, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 3, 1968. The study of technology as a part of the elemen- tary school program is not new but these recent publi- cations and experimental projects suggest that technology become the base for broad areas of the curriculum. Scobeyl3 feels that the closest relationship exists between industry and the social studies program of the elementary school. She also presents in detail industry's relationship to science, fine arts, language arts, and mathematics. More research is needed to show not only the relationship between our industrial society and the elementary school subjects, but also to describe and develop instructional material which children may use to study this relationship. No previous content analysis has been made of juvenile information trade books using classifications based on aspects of American industry. The analysis in this study is related to the following identified needs: (1) The need to provide elementary teachers and librarians with a classified list of major industrial topics and subtopics; (2) The need to indicate the types of information available which may be used in the study of industry; 13 pp. 17-22. Scobey, Teaching Children About Technology, lO (3) The need to determine those aspects of industry and technology for which little information is available; (4) The need to inform those in curriculum at all levels of the importance of industrial technology as an area of study. Assumptions The primary basis for this research was the assumption that a study of American industry is an important activity for elementary school children and that industrial topics need to be identified and organized to promote such study. It is also recognized that adequate concepts are developed only after information and experiences are properly combined. The assumption is also made that various sources of information about industry can provide a sufficient number of common terms from which a classified list of major tOpics and subtopics can be developed. Definition of Terms Terms which were crucial to this study were defined as follows: Juvenile information trade books.--Nonfiction, factual books, in hard-cover, published basically for children in the elementary grades. 11 Juvenile.--For the purpose of this study, a juvenile will refer to those youth between the ages of five and thirteen. Industry.--A complex of organizations that utilize the basic resources of man, materials, machines, and money to produce goods or provide services to meet the needs of man.14 Concept.--A concept, from the psychological point of view, is the organized inferences--meaningful associations--that an individual has formed of objects or events. A concept is not a word; however, some words stand for concepts. An individual's concept of anything is a product of thought.15 Industrial topic.--A specific word or group of words which represent a function of industry, its related resources or supportive organizations. 14G. S. Wall, ed., Approaches and Procedures in lflguStrial Arts, Fourteenth Yearbook of the American Council—on Industrial Arts Teacher Education (Bloomington, gllé; McKnight & McKnight Publishing Company, 1965), . 15Herbert J. Klausmeier and William Goodwin, I'fifirn-‘Lng and Human Abilities (2nd ed.; New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1967.). p. 215. 12 Limitations of the Study The descriptive nature of the study required that limitations be placed on the types of materials studied and the inference of effects upon children. Sources of factual information in such forms as textbooks, periodi- cals, encyclopedias, and reading laboratories were not included in the materials selected for this study. Also, it was not the purpose of this study to determine the behavioral effects which the materials—~juvenile trade books--may have upon children who read them. The indus- trial topics identified in the content were not used to imply degree of concept development possible. Problem Statement This research is a content analysis of selected juvenile information trade books in an attempt to answer the following question: Of the major industrial topics identified and used in the analysis, which topics have the greatest representation and which the least for the popu- lation of books investigated? Overview of the Study This study was an attempt to analyze juvenile information trade books to determine the type and extent of those topics which represent aspects of American industry as a major force in our technological society. Major industrial topics and subtopics were identified and defined for the purpose of developing 13 a classified list to be used in the selection and analysis of the material. An instrument incorporating these items was designed and used as an aid in the collection of data and analysis of content. The problem was based on the assumption that a study of American industry is an important activity for elementary school children and that industrial tOpics need to be identified and organized to promote such study. The study was limited to determining the repre- sentation of industrial topics in the content and was not directed toward determining the effect these may have upon children using the books. The problem was stated in the form of a question since comparisons were not made between differentiated samples. A review of literature for the purpose of identifying industrial elements and definitions for classification is provided in Chapter II. These were used in the selection and analysis procedures. A description of the design of the study appears in Chapter III. It includes the development of the analysis instrument and its reliability, the selection of the book sample, and use of the content analysis method in the collection of data. 14 The analysis of the quantitative representation of industrial topics is presented in Chapter IV. A final summary of the study with stated recom- mendations and implications for elementary and middle school education is found in Chapter V. CHAPTER II A REVIEW OF LITERATURE TO DETERMINE A CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL TOPICS Introduction Each of us has developed some concept of industry. Industry may encompass our daily work as an occupation or it may simply be recognized as a producer or manu- facturer of the things we buy as a consumer. "The importance industry commands in modern society as well as its impact on other social institutions are but indirect results of its primary function or goal--that of production of material objects and services."1 Our society is one in which industry stands out as the dominant social institution.2 Providing an understanding of our nation's institutions and their role in society is a major pur- pose of our educational program. Many authors 1Joseph F. Luetkemeyer, ed., "Introduction to the Yearbook," A Historical Perspective of Industry, Seven- teenth Yearbook of the American Council on Industrial Arts Teacher Education (Bloomington, Ill.: McKnight & McKnight Publishing Company, 1968), p. 16. 21bid., p. 15. 15 l6 and curriculum projects have attempted to provide a structure for the study of industry in our educational system. Most of these efforts have been in vocational or industrial arts education, with emphasis placed at the secondary and post secondary levels. In recent years the study of industry in elementary schools has received a new impetus from those in industrial education. The foundation for these activities was laid early in this century by persons like Bonser and Mossman.3 This chapter is a review of those curriculum programs, proposals, and projects that revolve around industry as a subject area. The objective was to develop a classified list of industrial topics which could be used to select and analyze juvenile information trade books. An easily applied definition of industry was considered a first essential. This is followed by identification of important American industries and a discussion of their common functions. From this base a classified list of major topics and subtopics was organized and developed for inclusion in the collection and analysis instrument. 3Fredrick Bonser and Lois Mossman, Industrial Arts for Elementary Schools (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1924). 17 A Broad Definition of Industry Such terms as "agriculture," "business," and "industry" often have an undefined relationship when it comes to identifying content for subject areas. Each takes on a limited definition from the discipline with which it is associated. "Industry in geographical writings is usually taken to cover mining and manufacturing as distinct from agriculture, forestry, fishing, commerce, banking, insurance and personal service."4 The Dictionary of Education gives two levels of usage in its definition of industry and relates it directly to the field of industrial arts: 1. The combination of organizations and facilities that, through the effective coordination of capital, management, and labor, produces goods to meet the needs and desires of society; 2. A program of study in industrial arts dealing with the various phases of a given industry or group of industries as it affects man.5 4Sir Dudley Stamp, ed., Longman's Dictionary of Geo ra h (London: Longmans, Green & Co., Ltd., 1966), p. 2 3. 5Carter V. Good, ed., Dictionary of Education (New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1959), p. 285. l8 Wilber indicates that the industrial arts are: " . . . those phases of general education which.deal with industry--its organization, materials, occupations, pro- cesses, and products--and with the problems resulting from the industrial and technological nature of society."6 The relationship between technology and industry also needs consideration. Olson states that "industry can be thought of as the means to today's technology, as the producer, the creator of technology," and that "technology be considered as the control which man has developed over his material, physical environment."7 The discussion of this relationship continues: A broad interpretation of industry considers it as the system of enterprizes for the develOpment, pro- duction, and utilization of material goods and ser- vices by which people gain control over their physical environment. Through rather logical deduction, then, technology becomes the science of industry. As such it becomes the systemized knowl- edge derived from study, experiment, research, develOpment, design, invention, and construction with materials, processes, products, and energies. We find meaning and significance in technology as we study the contributions of industry to man's control over his physical environment and to the ends to which he uses this control.8 6Gordon 0. Wilber, Industrial Arts in General Education (Scranton: International Textbook Company, 1954), p. 2. 7Delmar W. Olson, Industrial Arts and Technology (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1963f, p. 54. 8Ibid., p. 55. 19 Typical industrial arts programs refer to industry as the source of their curriculum. The experiences offered, however, often reflect limited functions of perhaps a few industries. In A Guide to Improving Instruction in Industrial Arts, a program for industrial arts is suggested which would provide opportunities for students to study all facets of industry and to explore their interrelationships. Industry is a reflection of the development of civilization and human progress. It is directly related to social, economic, and educational programs and movements dating from the early beginning of history to the modern era of auto- mation. As a result, it is more than a study of the factory system, for the term industry refers to man's adjustments to his environment, his use of resources, and the opportunities made possible by such advancements. Cochran compared seven different new approaches to industrial education and found that although there was wide diversity in several areas of content offered, common agreement among these innovative programs included: 1. The program provides for experiences in research and development as they are used in manufacturing. 2. The program provides for practical applications of scientific principles. 3. The program considers industry in its totality, including labor, capital, and distribution. 4. The program is based on a wide variety of selected experiences that sample several industries. Again, a broad approach to studying 9American Vocational Association, A Guide to Improving Instruction in Industrial Arts (Washington, D.C.: American Vocational AssoCIation, 1968), p. 25. 20 industry is promoted with a heavy emphasis on scientific principles, research and development, and other functions carried out in industry.10 Scobey, for the purpose of her book, Teaching Children About Technology, gives an expanded definition of industry in society. She states that: Industry is man's systematic effort to produce the necessities of life, including production of goods and services through established procedures and the use of available materials, tools, and processes. Industry involves the commercial agencies organized to produce the things we need. Today's method of operation includes research teams charged with improvement and invention. These inventions may be related to health, communication, and other areas of life not usually associated with industry. Industry has been a part of the life of every social group and has developed through the centuries from primitive hand-processes to highly complex, techni- cal automation. 1 The American Industry Project at Stout State University, during its five years of research using the concepts of industry with secondary students, used a broad definition of American industry which would seem to encompass most of the above characteristics and still provide the simplicity required for this study. Their definition is: "An institution in our society which, intending to make a monetary profit, applies knowledge loLeslie H. Cochran, "Innovation: A New Direction for Industrial Education," Industrial Arts and Vocational Education, LVIII, No. 10 (December, 1969), 22. llMary-Margaret Scobey, Teaching Chilgren About Technolo (Bloomington, Ill.: McKnight & McKnight PuEIisHing Company, 1968), p. 3. 21 and utilizes natural and human resources to produce goods or services to meet the needs of man."12 These various attempts to focus on the nature of industry demonstrate not only the complexity of the con- cept "industry" but also the difficulties which may arise when one desires to relate it to others through organized curriculum. The Classification of American Industries Devising systems of classification for American industries and their functional elements is a problem faced by all authors. Some classifications of industry have been devised by the government for reporting economic and employment data. Other classifications have been used as a means of organizing industrial topics for a study of industry in educational programs. "Classification may be on the basis of the work performed, the type of service handled, or other classifi- cation dealing with the nature of the product and its 13 distribution." Various industrial classifications 12American Industry Project, Structure of American Industry: Production Model and Definitions (MenomonIe, WiSc.: Stout State UniVersity, 1967). 13Harold S. Roberts, Roberts' Dictionary of Industrial Relations (Washington, D.C.: BNA Incorporated, 1966), p.4151. 22 are presented here to allow comparison of the major categories, industries, and associated functions which are usually represented. One brief but logical classification using only three categories is: ” . . . primary industry (collect- ing, processing and making available material provided by nature in agriculture, fishing, forestry, hunting, mining); secondary industry (transforming, the product of primary industry by manufacture etc.) and tertiary industry, such as transport, trade, finance, adminis— tration."14 The United States Government, in its 1970 Census of Population: Classified Index of Industries and Occu- pations, uses a comprehensive list of industrial cate- gories. The main headings with some of the subheadings are: AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES MINING Metal mining Coal mining Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction Nonmetalic mining and quarrying, except fuel CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING Durable goods Lumber and wood products, except furniture Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Metal industries Machinery, except electrical Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies Transportation equipment l4Stamp, Longman's Dictionary_of Geography, p. 204. 23 Professional and photographic equipment, and watches Miscellaneous manufacturing industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufacture Textile mill products Apparel and other fabricated textile products Paper and allied products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products Leather and leather products TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION, AND OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE BUSINESS AND REPAIR SERVICES PERSONAL SERVICES ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION15 Olson, in Technology and Industrial Arts, reports an analysis of industries for the purpose of deriving subject matter in the industrial arts. He classified the various industries as: MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Ceramics Chemicals Foods Graphic Arts Drawing Photography Printing Leather Metals Paper Plastics Rubber 15U.S. Department of Commerce, 1970 Census of Population: Classified Index of Industries and_Occu- ations (WaShington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1971), pp. VII-IX. 24 Textiles Tools and Machines WOods CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES POWER INDUSTRIES TRANSPORATION INDUSTRIES Airways Highway Vehicles Highways Railways Waterways Conveyors ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIES INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH SERVICE INDUSTRIES l6 INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT Another curriculum proposal for expanding indus- trial arts, the Enterprise: Man and Technology Project at Southern Illinois University, pictures technology in the major categories of "electronics and instrumentation, visual communications, materials and processes, and energy conversion and power transmission."17 The story of American industry as depicted in information books for children varies from the presen- tation of information specific to one product or industry to books written with the objective of providing a total or comprehensive view of many industries. The table of contents of books representative of the latter purpose are interesting and deserve consideration when one is l6Olson, Industrial Arts and Technology, pp. 100- 58. 17Ronald W. Stadt, et a1., "Enterprise: Man and Technology," Industrial Arts and Vocational Education, LVIII, No. 8 (Octdber, 1969), p. 23. 25 looking for industrial classifications. One such book, Marvels of American Industry, uses these divisions: Lifeblood of Industry Finance Power Machinery Raw Materials Mining Petroleum Rubber Chemicals Primary Metals Lumbering Food Farming Sugar and Salt Food Products Fishing Shelter Stone, Concrete, and Brick Building Paints and Varnishes Furniture Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Clothing Wearing Apparel Fashions Furs Transportation Automobiles Railroading Aviation Shipping and Shipbuilding Missiles and Rocketry Communications Telegraph Telephone Graphic Arts Paper Printing Ink Photography Printing Publishing Entertainment Stage Motion Picture Radio and Television Music and Recording Sports 26 Special Products Ceramics Glass Plastics Toys and Games Fabrics and Textiles Tobacco Pharmaceuticals Soaps and Detergents Jewelry To Market, To Market Marketing Packaging Advertisingl8 Another author, Bertrand Boucher, Professor of Geography at Montclair State College, in a book entitled HOW Man Provides, illustrates man's life of work through- out the world and compares technological and industrial atmospheres in various international settings. Again, the method of presentation is of interest and can be best explained by the content divisions. The WOrld of Commerce When Trade Began Trade Today The Need for WOrld Trade Areas of Specialization Impediments to Trade How Trade Is Carried On The Market Place Commodity Exchanges world Market Centers How People Earn Their Living Tropical Agriculture Agriculture in Arid Land Farming in the Middle Latitudes The Livestock Industry The World's Forests Paper 18Donald E. Cooke, Marvels of American Industry (New Jersey: C. S. Hammond and'Company, 1962), p. 5. 27 Food From the Sea Major Fishing Areas Mineral Riches of the Earth Iron Bauxite Copper Zinc and Lead Tin Diamonds Gold Silver Power for the werld's Machinery Energy from Coal Energy from Petroleum Energy from Natural Gas Hydroelectric Power Energy from the Atom Manufacturing Power Raw Materials Labor Market Transportation Capital Conserving Our Resources Water 19 Importance of Top Soil It can be readily seen that although these sys- tems for classifying industrial enterprises differ in a number of categories they do have much in common. They provide us with more than just a list of major industries. Reference is made to the various facets of our industrial complex which are common to all industries. These common elements are often referred to as functions of industry or major topics and suthpics by those organizing cur- riculum materials. 19Bertrand P. Boucher, How Man Provides (New York: Parents Magazine Press, 1963), p. 3. 28 The Functions of Industries Concept development, according to W'oodruff20 and Gagné,21 is based on an individual's ability to differ- entiate between the various objects and events in his environment and to classify his thoughts for generali- zation to new experiences. Duffy speaks of conceptualiz- ing the functions of industry in his definition of industrial arts as "an activity-oriented curriculum area . . . concerned with developing concepts of function, organization and management, and socioeconomic influences of industry."22 He also stresses the point that: . . . a concept is a mental image that can be expressed in symbolic language . . . this mental image is influenced by experience. Therefore, the development of correct concepts depends upon eXper- iences that will permit associations to be made; transfer of knowledge with relationships developed. We should be interested in developing particularly those concepts that are timeless and general.2 20Asahel D. Woodruff, Basic Concepts of Teaching (San Francisco: Chandler PubliShing Company, 1961), p. 88. 21Robert M. Gagné, The Conditions of Learning (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1965i, p. 135. 22Joseph W. Duffy, "Conceptualizing the Functions of Industry," The Journal of Industrial Arts Education, XXIX, No. 5 (March-April, 1970), 11. 23Ibid., p. 12. 29 Duffy discusses in some detail the functions of industry in terms of material processing (production), service, tranSportation, information processing (communication), energy processing, research and development, organization and management, and socioeconomic influence.24 Bateson and Stern have suggested a functions of industry approach to the understanding of modern industry. They divided industry into two phases: “goods-producing" and "goods-servicing." The major functions of each of these are listed as: Goods-producing Goods-servicing Research and Development Diagnosis Planning for Production Correction Manufacturing Testing25 Distribution A Guide to Improving Instruction in Industrial A533 presents a comprehensive structure of industrial topics related to the total institution of industry. Its major divisions and suthpics are outlined as: INDUSTRY AND CIVILIZATION Historical View of Man and Industrial Technology Evolution of Modern Industrial Technology History of Materials Technical Heritage General Education 24Ibid. 25Lloyd P. Nelson and William T. Sargent, eds., Evaluation Guidelines for Contemporary Industrial Arts Pro rams, Sixteenth YeabeOk of the American Council on Industr1al Arts Teacher Education (Bloomington, 111.: McKnight & McKnight Publishing Company, 1967), pp. 22-23. 30 THE INDUSTRY Relative Importance Historical Background Opportunities Allied Industries ORGANIZATION Enterprise Administration Management Labor Associations Production Departments Plant Organization RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Original Concept Market Evaluation Product Research and Development Process Research and Development Materials Research and Development PLANNING FOR PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS Idea Visualization Design and Preparation of Visual Information Production Drawings Material Specifications Design of Tools, Jigs and Fixtures, and Special Machinery Plant Layout Plant Organization Estimating and Cost Accounting Procurement and Inventory Automation and Numerical Control Quality and Production Control Procedures and Scheduling Production Flow PRODUCTION OR MANUFACTURING Custom Continuous or Mass Materials Processes Energy and Power DISTRIBUTION Advertising (Promotion) Packaging and Shipping (Materials Handling) Marketing SERVICING INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS Diagnosing Correcting Testing26 26American Vocational Association, A Guide to Improving Instruction in Industrial Arts, pp.225-26. 31 The American Industry Project based its study of industry around thirteen major concepts: communi- cation, transportation, finance, property, research, procurement, relationships, marketing, management, pro- duction, materials, processes, and energy.27 Five additional concepts that represent the environment of American industry were identified. "They include govern- ment, private property, resources, competition and public interest."28 The Industrial Arts Curriculum Project (IACP), conducted by Ohio State University in cooperation with the University of Illinois, has limited its efforts to the broad areas of construction technology and manu- facturing technology as the two major aspects of American industry. Within each of these the various functions of management, production, and personnel are listed: Management Production Personnel Planning Pre-Processing Hiring Formulating Researching Processing Training Designing Engineering Post-Processing Working 27 Richard H. Gebhart, "American Industry Instruc- tional Materials," New Concepts in Industrial Arts, Selected Addresses andIProceedihgs of the American Industrial Arts Association's 30th Annual Convention at Minneapolis (Washington, D.C.: American Industrial Arts Association, 1968), pp. 244-45. 281bid. 32 Organizing Advancing Structuring Supplying Retiring29 Controlling Directing Monitoring Reporting Correcting Manufacturing as it relates to our economic sys- tem consists of three major parts--input, process, and output. The following associated divisions are: Input Processes Outputs Natural resources Management DurabIe Finance practices goods Dapital Production Nondurable Energy practices goods30 Human resources Personnel Knowledge practices It becomes evident from these various sources that topics of industry will include terms identifying specific industries and the functions common to these industries. Various resources, occupations, and organi- zations upon which these industries depend also qualify as topics of industry. The combining and organizing of these many aspects of industry was necessary to provide a usable instrument. 29Industrial Arts Curriculum Project, The World of Manufacturing (The Ohio State University Research Foundation, 1969), pp. 25-28. 30Ibid., pp. 23-24. 33 Organizing a Classified List of The definitions, Industrial Concepts classifications, and functions of industry which have been presented identify the importance of certain industrial topics. This alpha- betical list of terms was compiled from sources used in this chapter. The numerous terms representing aSpects of industry clearly illustrate the need to group sub- topics within the structure of major tOpic headings before an analysis instrument could be developed. administration advertising agriculture atomic power automation banking business building experiment farming finance fishing forestry furniture goods graphic arts hydroelectric capital civilization commerce commodity communication conservation construction design management manufacturing marketing materials metals mining occupations organization packaging development diagnosis distribution electronics energy engineering enterprise environment publishing repair research resources, human resources, natural retail scientific services technology 34 industrial plant testing industry power textiles instrumentation printing tools and machines insurance process trade invention production transportation labor products utilities lumbering profit wholesale This list of terms could be organized in numerous ways depending upon the required application. The classification of industrial topics developed for use in the analysis instrument of this study should be easily understood and applied to other types of literature by those seeking to determine the presence of industrial information. Major topics and subtopics with broad characteristics were selected for this reason. The following descriptions will develOp simple categories which will include directly or indirectly the terms previously listed as representative of aspects of industry. History and DevelOpment Industry has a definite history from man's earliest devising of tools and techniques for obtaining and restructuring natural resources to his role in today's complex technology. Hunting, fishing, and farming were some of the early activities for which 35 man developed first crude and then refined methods. From the self-sufficient household production and use of goods to craft specialization and mass production, the evolution of materials, tools, processes, and occu- pations is important to an understanding of present technology. Early inventors with their eXperiments and inventions paved the way for present use of automation and computers. The historical aspects of industry and its develOpment may be represented by the following list of categories. History and Development-—technology past to present. Man and his environment Evolution of tools and materials The early craftsmen The Industrial Revolution Inventors and inventions Modern machine technology Automation Computers Resources Our future quality of life depends upon how successful we are in restoring and maintaining a healthy environment of water, air, and land. We have only recently become aware of the urgency with which we must meet environmental problems. Man and his indus- tries are among the major sources of these problems. 36 The use and misuse of material and energy sources must be studied by everyone since it will require everyone's cooperation if we are going to develop a quality environ- ment for human, animal, and vegetable life in the near future. Resources may be analyzed through the use of these categories: Resources--natura1 and man-made materials and energies. Location of raw materials Mining and refining Extending material uses Conservation of resources Water Air Land Energy and power Sources of energy Generation (conversion) Transmission Utilization Organization America has social and economic systems which allow industries to function as free enterprises in com- petition with one another. Management must organize and direct the use of both human and natural resources in the operation of such an enterprise. The labor force made up of professional, technical (or skilled), and unskilled persons work as the productive body of industry. Labor unions, management, and businesses organize into 37 associations to further common goals. Without organi- zation industry would not develop, expand, or contribute to our technology. Organization may revolve around the following terms: Organization——the management of men, materials, and money Enterprise Management Manpower (Labor) Associations Capital and Finance Research Research is the means by which industry develops new knowledge, processes, and products. Research involves the gathering of information, the describing of known characteristics of materials, processes, or products, and the conducting of experiments by scientific methods. Research problems of all types must be solved by industry before it can successfully develop, produce, or market its products. Industrial research includes these functions: Research--finding new and better ways to use our resources. Experimentation Product research 38 Process research Materials research Market research Production Production is primarily concerned with the methods, materials, and processes utilized in the manufacture of a product. The mass production of material goods has provided us with unlimited choice in purchasing the kinds of foods, clothing, shelter, and other items which we need or desire. All persons have either a direct or an indirect control over production with their purchasing power as consumers. Knowledge of production materials and processes and the products of industry assures a more responsible labor force and consumer population. Topics basic to the production aspect of industry are as follows: Production--the manufacture of a product in a factory, plant, or mill. Materials selection Processes (operations performed) Machines and tools-~mass production Safety requirements Products Measurement/Standards 39 Occupations Vocational choice is most often available to the informed or educated person. Limited job training often deprives the individual of freedom to choose his work situation and may cause unemployment. Children are not too young to develop concepts of work which may enhance their chance to choose a satisfying occupation as adults. Occupational information may be built around these aspects of work: Occupations--workers needed to make products or provide services. Employment opportunities Education for a career Job satisfaction Avocations--hobbies Construction The products of construction are buildings, roads, bridges, dams, and various other on-site structures usually found outdoors as compared to in-plant manufacturing or production. New homes, schools, businesses, and highways are continually being built or maintained. These activities greatly affect our social, economic, and environmental conditions and must be considered major aspects of industry for us to study. Construction and its subdivisions include: 40 Construction--building structures or fixed improve- ments on a site. Architecture Homes and apartments Public buildings Commercial/Industrial Landscaping Roads, bridges, tunnels Other engineering Transportation The movement of people, manufactured products, and raw materials is an immense activity. Vehicles traveling by land, water, or air are finding their movement more complex each year. New modes of transpor- tation must be developed to make travel safer and more enjoyable. Transportation in the distribution of goods and services is a function common to all types of industry. Transportation elements can be categorized as follows: Transportation--movement of persons or goods from place to place. Airways Spaceways Highway vehicles Railways Waterways Pipe lines and other conveyors 41 Communication We communicate or exchange information with one another by means of the written or spoken word. The exchange, storage, or retrieval of information is accomplished by use of various graphic and electronic processes. Graphic media include such forms as letters, newspapers, books, drawings, signs, and the arts. Electronic media includes radio, television, telephone, telegraph, and various computer applications to infor- mation handling. Major categories in communication are represented in the following: Communication--the exchange, storage or retrieval of information. Graphic Electronic Drawing/Design Radio Photography Radar Printing Telephone Publishing Telegraph Television Computer Consumption Everyone is a consumer of the products and ser- vices of industry. Our need or desire for material goods is so great that we are almost entirely dependent upon industry and business for food, clothes, homes, and jobs. Americans consume more goods and services than people in most other countries around the world. Industry spends millions of dollars on advertising and sales 42 promotion in order to sell its products. TOpiCS related directly to consumption are as follows: Consumption--consumer use of products and services. Advertising/Marketing Distribution and sales Consumer information Product Servicing Summary The review of literature was undertaken to determine those aspects of industry and technology which are considered of major importance for study by students in educational programs. Various authors and curriculum projects have proposed major elements, functions, or concepts of industry for programs in industrial education. These sources and others were used to (l) broadly define industry, (2) compare various industrial classifications, and (3) develop a classified list of major topics and suthpics for inclusion in a data analysis instrument. Industry can be defined in the narrowest sense to include only those enterprises which substantially change the form of materials--as in manufacturing or construction. In a broader sense, all enterprises which apply technology in the development, production, and utilization of goods and services could be considered industries. 43 Agriculture, fishing, forestry, hunting, and mining are primary industries which collect, process, and make available material found in nature. Secondary industries such as manufacturing and construction further process or transform the products of primary industries. The distribution, sales, and servicing of industrial products are affected by tertiary industries such as transportation, communication, finance, administration, and public utilities. The various industrial topics suggested by the materials reviewed were used to organize ten categories which reflect some major aspect of the industrial institutions in our technological society. Subtopics were selected to illustrate the extent of the major topic classifications. The inclusive nature of the study dictated the use of topics which would allow a broad interpretation. The major categories derived for this study were as follows: (1) History and Development, (2) Resources, (3) Organization, (4) Research, (5) Pro- duction, (6) Occupations, (7) Construction, (8) Transpor- tation, (9) Communication, and (10) Consumption. These major categories with their corresponding subdivisions were included in the data analysis instru- ment. The development of the instrument and its relia- bility, the selection of the sample books, and the pro- cedure used in treating the data is described in Chapter III. CHAPTER III DESIGN OF THE STUDY Introduction This study was designed to provide a content analysis of selected juvenile information trade books to determine the type and extent of industrial topics commonly represented. Previously, a review of literature mainly related to industrial education curriculum was used as a base from which to establish a classified list of major industrial topics and subtopics. This list in the form of an analysis instrument was then applied to selected materials to identify the extent of major topic representation. Included in this chapter is a description of the development of the analysis instrument and a test of its reliability, the criteria used in selecting the sample, and the content analysis method as it was applied in the collection of the data. Analysis Instrument Major topics of industry and their related sub- topics were the basis for the analysis instrument. After 44 45 reviewing literature on the nature of industry in general and proposed curriculum for industrial education in par- ticular, the various elements of American industry were organized into a classified list of ten major categories with each of these having several subdivisions. To facilitate the organization and analysis of information obtained from each book which met selection criteria, a data collection instrument (Appendix A) with the following characteristics was used: (1) Author-title entry for identification and bibliographical listing; (2) Column sections for indicating emphasis and frequency of topics in a book; (3) List of topics for categorizing and limiting data obtained through content analysis. Ten major industrial tOpics and their related subtopics were identified and classified in Chapter II. A further combining of some of the closely related sub- topics was done to make the instrument more manageable. The subtopic groups were designed to include terms which could be easily understood and recognized during the analysis. The form in which these topics appear in the instrument is as follows: 46 History and Development a. Evolution of tools and materials b. Early craftsmen c. Inventors/inventions d. Modern technology--automation/computers Resources a. Mining and refining of raw materials b. Conservation or pollution of water, air, land resources c. Energy and power sources, conversion, trans- mission, utilization Organization a. Management b. Labor/Unions c. Capital and Finance Research a. Experimentation b. New materials, processes, products Production (manufacturing) a. Materials/processes b. Machine and tool use c. Safety d. Products e. Measurement/Standards Occupations a. Employment opportunities/careers b. Education/training c. Avocations/hobbies 10. 47 Construction a. Architecture b. Homes and apartments 0. Commercial/industrial buildings d. Landscaping e. Roads, bridges, tunnels, dams f. Other engineering Transportation a. Airways b. Space vehicles 0. Highways/vehicles d. Railways e. Waterways/vehicles f. Pipelines/conveyors Communication Graphic a. Drawing/design b. Photography 0. Printing/publishing Electronic d. Radio/television e. Telephone/telegraph f. Computer-data processing Consumption a. Advertising/marketing b. Distribution/sales 48 c. Consumer information d. Product servicing Instrument Reliability To test the reliability of the collection instru- ment, three groups of four persons each applied the instrument to a random sample of fifteen books. Each group analyzed five different books selected at random from the sample of fifteen. The three groups were as follows: (1) Elementary teachers (grades four through six); (2) Elementary librarians; and (3) College seniors majoring in elementary education. Using each major topic as a separate dependent variable, summation scores from each group and from the researcher were compared to find (1) agreement within groups, and (2) researcher agreement with each group. A two-way analysis of variance was applied to each group to obtain a reliability estimate of agreement within each group on each major topic. An indication of agreement between the researcher and each group was obtained by correlating group mean scores and researcher scores on each major topic. The results of this analysis for Group I (teachers) are shown in Table 3.1. 49 TABLE 3.1.--Agreement within Group I (teachers) and cor- relations between group mean scores and researcher scores for each major tOpic Within Group I Topic Group I With (teachers) Researcher History and Development .41 .90 Resources .03 .33 Organization .--a .-- Research .94 .99 Production .38 .59 Occupations .87 .85 Construction .90 .99 Transportation .84 .97 Communication .52 .82 Consumption .14 .52 Average .55 .77 a I I I Insuff1c1ent scores for formula compar1son. The extent of agreement within Group I (teachers) is indicated by both low and high reliability values in Table 3.1. Low reliability values are often due to little topic representation. Variation in scoring where topics scored low indicates the subtle nature of topics presented in some books. Any substantial variation in scoring among group members results in low reliability. The average within group reliability over all topics for Group I (teachers) was .55. Group I agreement with the researcher over all topics resulted in an average correlation of .77. Table 3.2 shows the results for Group II (librarians). 50 TABLE 3.2.--Agreement within Group II (librarians) and correlations between group mean scores and researcher scores for each major tOpic Within Group II Topic Group II With (librarians) Researcher History and Development .79 .98 Resources .87 .99 Organization .23 .73 Research .20 .46 Production .86 .96 Occupations .__a .-- Construction 1.00 1.00 Transportation .91 .95 Communication .48 .99 Consumption .80 .99 Average .68 .89 aInsufficient scores for formula comparison. Within group agreement for Group II (librarians) was higher than for Group I (teachers) or Group III (elementary majors) as indicated by an average relia- bility of .68. Agreement with researcher was also higher for Group II (librarians) as shown by an average correlation of .89. Table 3.3 shows the results for Group III (elementary majors). As with Group I and Group II, the within group reliability for Group III was less (.44) than the group agreement with the researcher (.85). The average cor- relation for the three groups with the researcher over all topics was .84. 51 TABLE 3.3.--Agreement within Group III (elementary majors) and correlations between group mean scores and researcher scores for each major topic Within (elementary Researcher majors) History and Deve10pment .38 .87 Resources .73 .98 Organization .12 .__a Research .22 .80 Production .12 .86 Occupations .22 .40 Construction .84 .99 Transportation .94 .99 Communication .59 .95 Consumption .24 .-- Average .44 .85 aInsufficient scores for formula comparison. Fairly high correlations were obtained for each group to researcher comparison. This indicates that when using the instrument, groups familiar with children's books usually rated the presence of industrial topics in the same way as did the researcher. Where no cor- relations are indicated in the tables there were insuf- ficient scores for comparison by formula. Formula1 for intraclass (within group) coef- ficient of correlation, or: 1Robert L. Thorndike, ed., Educational Measure- ment (2nd ed.; Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, 1971), p. 422. 52 MSB - MSTB reliability = M8 + (t-l) MS B TB where: MS mean square for books MS TB mean square interaction (teachers x books) H II number of teachers Sample Selection The juvenile information trade books selected for this study qualified under the following limitations: 1. All book titles referred directly to one or more of the major topics or subtopics of industry or indirectly as cross-referenced with the Sears List of Subject Headings2 as a guide. 2. All books were copyrighted in the United States from 1961 through 1970. 3. All books were listed in the Children's Catalog3 editions or supplements for 1961 through 1971 or 2Barbara M. Westby, ed., Sears List of Subject Headings (New York: The H. W. Wilson Company,’I965). 3Estelle A. Fidell, ed., Children's Catalog (12th ed.; New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1971). 53 in the Subject Guide to Children's Books in Print,4 1970 edition. 4. All books were indicated as suitable for grades four through six or inclusive of four, five, or six. A list of books used in the study appears in Appendix B by major tOpic groupings. Approximately 800 books were identified as appropriate for the study. Of these a random sample of 200 books was selected for analysis by use of a random table of numbers. Data Collection The various kinds of information which were a part of the content of the books selected were identified and classified in accordance with the major topics of industry. By means of content assessment it was then determined to what extent a major tOpic was represented. Content Analysis Students of sociology and communication research have diSplayed some interest in content analysis as a type of investigatiOn into the factors that affect public Opinion, attitudes, and social change. Berelson has 4Lillian N. Gerhardt, ed., Subject Guide to Children's Books in Print (New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1970). 54 written much about this type of investigation in his book, Content Analysis in Communication Research,5 and in the Handbook of Social Psychology.6 Good and Scates in their book, Methods of Research,7 give a thorough identification and description of the kinds of quanti- tative (content) analysis of documentary materials. This study employed a number of the techniques of con- tent assessment. "Content analysis is a research tech- nique of the objective, systematic and quantitative description of the manifest content of communication."8 "The content analyst aims at a quantitative classifi— cation of a given body of content, in terms of a system of categories devised to yield data relevant to Specific hYpotheses concerning that content."9 5Bernard Berelson, Content Analysis in Communi- cation Research (Glencoe, 111.: Free Press, 1952). 6Gardner Lindzey, ed., Handbook of Social Psy- cholo , Vol. 1 (Cambridge, Mass.: Addison—Wesley Pub- 11sh1ng Company, Inc., 1954). 7Carter V. Good and Douglas E. Scates, Methods of Research (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1954). 8Lindzey, ed., Handbook of Social Psychology, p. 489. 9Ibid., p. 488. 55 Good and Scates state that: Simple statistical investigations utilize categories already existing, or easily made, with no particular subtle challenge; the categories do not have to emerge as to quality, only as to quantity. On the other hand, content analysis is highly subtle in its obligation to recognize, identify, and detect the presence of essential or significant factors represented in the categories, for the purpose of placement in larger categories. Procedure For the purpose of this study the various indus- trial topics which emerged as a classified list provided the base for quantitative data analysis. Quantitative representation of major topics was expressed in two ways: (1) by the number of subtopics indicated during analysis, and (2) by the frequency with which each subtopic received little attention or major emphasis. The procedure for using the instrument to collect data was as follows: 1. Each book selected for analysis was divided into ten equal sections. 2. Each section of the book was scanned sufficiently to obtain an indication of the major topics and subtopics represented. 3. The extent of topic representation was noted for each section by checking either the space for 10Good and Scates, Methods of Research, p. 670. 56 little attention (L) or for major emphasis (M). No tOpic representation was indicated by leaving the spaces blank. 4. A summary of responses for each suthpic was recorded at the right side of each page. A summation score for each major topic was obtained by applying a value of one to each L (little attention) response, a value of two to each M (major emphasis) response, and summing across all subtopics listed on the instrument for that major topic. Summary A classified list of ten major industrial topics and their related subtopics was arranged in the form of a data analysis instrument for the purpose of analyzing juvenile information trade books to determine the extent of topic representation. Instrument reliability was tested by using groups of elementary teachers, elementary librarians, and college elementary majors to analyze random book samples. Agree- ment within groups (intraclass reliability) on a topic was often lowest when topic representation was subtle or given little attention. A comparison of group mean scores with researcher scores on each major topic resulted in generally high correlations indicating agreement on type and extent of tOpic representation. 57 A population of approximately 800 books was identified for the study. Of these, a random sample of 200 books was selected for analysis. Of the 200 books selected, 175 available books were analyzed with the instrument as an aid in the quantification of data. An analysis of the data is presented in Chapter IV. CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS OF DATA Introduction This chapter provides a presentation and analysis of the data gathered for the study. The data were col- lected by use of an instrument designed to determine the extent to which ten major topics of industry were repre- sented as indicated by the number of subtopics and their frequency of occurrence in each book. A two-way analysis of variance was applied to the data to determine if sig- nificant differences existed between the summation scores or means for the ten topics. In addition, confidence intervals for the topic means were computed to allow a more accurate description of the differences which were found. The problem was initially stated as a question: Which industrial topics have the greatest represen- tation and which the least for the population of books investigated? An hypothesis was developed to assist in the interpretation of the data. For statistical purposes it was stated as a null hypothesis: 58 59 There are no significant differences in the extent to which the ten major industrial topics are repre- sented as measured by the instrument developed for this study. As a formal statement: or the mean scores for the ten topics are equal. However, the question suggests the alternative hypothesis: H1: H0 18 false, or the topics are not equally represented. Treatment of the Data Table 4.1 lists the mean scores for the ten major industrial topics. The mean scores indicate a wide variation in the extent of industrial topic representation. TABLE 4.l.--Mean scores for industrial topics represented Topic Meana History and Development 10.72 Resources 5.09 Organization 1.47 Research 5.17 Production (manufacturing) 8.94 OCCUpations 5.49 Construction 1.99 TranSportation 6.23 Communication 3.36 Consumption 1.02 a . A larger mean value represents greater topic representation. 60 An analysis of the data by a two—way analysis of variance is reported in Table 4.2. TABLE 4.2.--Two-way analysis of variance test for no dif- ference between topics represented on the total instrument Two-Way Analysis of Variance Source of Sum of Degrees of Mean Variation Squares Freedom Square F Topics 16,038.31 9 178.70 2.01a Books 13,118.77 174 75.40 T X B 139,211.79 1566 88.90 aSignificant at the .05 level. The value of the F ratio at the .05 level of significance for 9 and 174 degrees of freedom is 1.96. As indicated in Table 4.2, the overall F value is large enough to support a rejection of the null hypothesis. This, then, indicates significant differences in the extent to which the ten industrial topics were repre- sented. To determine which topics may be prOperly grouped as having the greatest representation, a central tendency on a continuum scale, or the least representation, a . . l . conf1dence 1nterval was constructed around each top1c lGene V. Glass and Julian C. Stanley, Statistical Methods in Education and Psychology (New Jersey: Prentice- HalIT Inc., 19707, p. 263. 61 mean score. Table 4.3 shows the computed confidence intervals for each of the tOpic mean scores. Formula2 for 95 per cent confidence interval: + 3 32-1: X l-(d/Z) /F——;r——- x - (1.96) V 175 where: § = topic mean score t = t-distribution value for l - (a/2) SX = standard deviation for given topic n = number of books in the sample Table 4.4 illustrates a graphic comparison of the confidence intervals for each topic mean score. From this we can observe the grouping of topics from those with the least representation to those with the greatest representation. History and development, and production are the topics receiving the greatest representation. Although significant, less attention is given to resources, research, occupations, and transportation. Those topics with the least representation are organi— zation, construction, communication, and consumption. 2Ibid., p. 294. 62 TABLE 4.3.--Confidence intervals for tOpic mean scores .—__ . 95 Per Cent TOPlC Confidence Intervalsa History and Development 10.72 i 1.91 (8.81 *+ 12.63) Resources 5.09 i 1.40 (3.69 ++ 6.49) Organization 1.47 i 0.77 (0.70 ++ 2.24) Research 5.17 i 1.62 (3.55 ++ 6.79) Production (manufacturing) 8.94 i 2.45 (6.49 ++ 11.39) Occupations 5.49 i 1.59 (3.90 ++ 7.08) Construction 1.99 i 0.92 (1.07 +* 2.91) Transportation 6.23 i 1.34 (4.89 ++ 7.57) Communication 3.36 t 1.08 (2.28 ++ 4.44) Consumption 1.02 I 0.55 (0.47 ++ 1.57) a 1.96, df 174 63 ma ma .mofleoo wo COmHHmmEoo oumuooom NH HA 0H m m h o _ a q A d 4 A I .... m~.o--- IIIIII oo.mIIII-I _ _ _ _ HI. _ _ NH Ha OH m m h m mHm>H09CH QUCOUHMCOU ouoe m now mopfl>one mooao> mo oaoom one cowumESmcoo IIIImm.mIII coflumowcoeeou II coflumuuommcmue Iumm.HII cofluosuumcou mcowuomsooo cowuoscoum couoomom Innv.HII cowumNflcmmuo moonsommm ucmEmoHo>mo can wuoumwm r _ cI _ t, I_ m o m m a O mowmoe mouoom cooE Damon canonm mam>nmuca mococflmcoo mo conflummfioo owcmmuwll.v.v mqm5u .0 mm ,1 coampmono 13me .0. We? mamwnopma one Tm maoop Ho soapdao>m .m S H E R z H z Q S Q Q E Q 2 H z Q : H E R hnwaadm Or m m u m m d m N r Acpoo Mooco pod ocv mflmwomao Home: n z .eoaoconoo ofloeeq u a “mom "copcmmoneom canoe .nomo momma \mGOHpoom cop opcw Mmoo oOH>HOIIMoom Ho coapoom .oz maesom "oapea "Hoop5< .oz Hdoo Mom 74 75 .m. wcfinoocamCo Hocpo .9 made .maocGSp .mowofino. .mowom .o w I N mcfleoomcgq .c m 88385 m amenpmsocfl\ao..nonoaaoo .o m "N mpcoapnog¢ a moaom .p endpoopwoon< .w mofloooamGOproofiw .o m no wcwgfiwnficowpwosflm .o. m 1m @80th m. mowpficgnoemo pcoahoaeam .m w monmcqopm\pcoaondmooz .o mw .d mpodconm .6 mm mm .3on .o o 0 m m on: Hooe ow weapon: .0. mm mommooopm\maoflnopwz .8 av mposoone 5830on m .mdofinopoa 262 .n m soapmpcoafinog .o m E g g "Oopdomoneom canoe hemaadm Or Am mo m owom I .poooV .m .m 76 wcfiofirnom posoonm .O m ”N coepwgomcfl noesmcoo .0 mm ”M moaom\c0HpsoflHpmfin .n "m T1 weapoxnmlgmcmehourog .o m wcfimmooohe H wpwcllnopseaoo .M "H m. m casewoaoniocooeoaoe .o m W u coenfioaoioeoom .o m. m / m 8323538388 .o D 1 m m mommnmopoom .o. .m. N I. cmeOO\wdfiszm .w o mnoho>c00\mocfiaomfim .H .m moaoeco>\mhm3nopo3 .o m S mmmzawwm .O m no moaoaco>\mhosowam .o m cm moH0floo> modem .9 M mhwsnfic .w humaasm Or "popcomoneom canoe Am Ho m owom I .pQOOV .m .m APPENDIX B BOOKS USED IN THE STUDY (total population) APPENDIX B History and Development* *4!- Art Industries and Trade Colby. Carroll B. Early American Crafts: Tools, Shops and Products. gr. 3 up. 71967. Cowardfiit Tunis. Edwin. Colonial Craftsmen and the Beginnings of American Industpy. gr. 6 up. 1965. WOfld’Pub. Automation/Calculating»Machines Blumle, Andrew. Automation. gr. 6-10. 1963. World Pub. Chester, Michael and Nephew, William. Wonders of Robots. gr. 5 up. 1962. Putnam. Hirsch. 3. Carl. This is Automation. Il. by Anthony Ravielli. gr. 5:9. I964. Viking Press. Kenyon. Raymond G. I Can Learn about Calculators and Com- puters. gr. 5 up. 196I. Har-Row. Lewis. Alfred. New World of Computers. gr. 3-9. 1965. Dodd. Seldin, Joel. Automation: The Challenge of Men and Machines. gr. 6—8. 21965. Coward. Vorwald, Alan and Clark. Frank. Computers: From Sand Table to Electronic Brain. gr. 5 up. 3rd. ed. 1970. McGraw. Inventions Barker [Baker]. Eric J. and Hammer. C. L. Discoveries and Inventions. gr. 2-6. 1962. Verry. *Major tOpic heading. 4* Subject headings from Subject Guide to Children's Books in Print 1970. New York: R. R. Bowker Company. ** See Publisher Index at end of Book List for complete addresses. 77 78 Bartlett. Margaret F. Exploring the Everyday World. 11. by Kelly Oechsli. gr. 3-6. 1968. Hawthbrn. Blow, Michael and Multhraup. R. P.. eds. Men of Science and Invention. gr. 5 up. 1961. Har-Row. Bonner. Mary G. Wonders of Inventions. Il. by Carol Cobble- dick. gr. 4-9. 1961. Lantern. Burlingame. Roger. Out of Silence into Sound: The Life of Alexander Graham Bell. gr. 6-8. 1964. Macmillan. Chandler. Maurice H. Man the Inventor. Il. by M. Russo and F. Russo. gr. 3-61 Rand. Cooke. David C. Inventions That Made History. gr. 5 up. 1969. Putnam. Simpson. Wilma and John. 'Apout Pioneers: Yesterday. Todgy and Tomorrow. 11. by F. Keredhuk. gr. 3-6. 1963. Melmont. Soule. Gardner. Tomorrow's World of Science: The Challenge of Today's Experiments. gr. 6e8. 1963. Coward. Inventors Bare. Margaret A. John Deere: Blacksmith Boy. gr. 3-7. Bobbs. Cousins. Margaret. Thomas Alva Edison. gr. 4-8. 1965. Random. Dobler. Lavinia. Cyrus McCormick: Farmer Boy. gr. 3-7. Bobbs. . Lee De Forest: Electronics Boy. gr. 3-7. Bobbs. Dunkam. Montrew. Geor e Westinghouse: Young Inventor. $1“. 3.7. 19 30 BOfibbS. Evans. Idrisyn O. Inventors of the World. gr. 5-9. 1963. Warne. Guy. Anne. Steinmetz: Wizard of Light. Il. by Leonard Rosoman. gr. 3-7. 71965. Knopf. Hiebert. Roselyn and Ray E. Thomas Edison: American Inven- tor. gr. 5 up. 1969. Watts. Howard. Robert W. Eli Whitne . 11. by David Cunningham. gr.5up.19. oe. 79 Hutchings. David. Edison at Work: The Thomas A. Edison Laboratory at West Orangey N. J. gr. 6 up. 1969. HaStings. Kaufman. Mervyn D. Thomas A. Edison: Miracle Maker. gr. . ‘Wpight Brothers: Kings of the Air. gr. 2-5. I964. Garrard. Latham. Jean L. Eli Whitney: Great Inventor. gr. 2-5. 1963. Garrard. . Samuel F. B. Morse: Artist and Inventor. gr. 2- 5. 196I. Garrard} Leipold. L. Edmond. Famous Scientists and Astronauts. gr. 5-7. Denison. Lowitz. Sadyebeth and Anson. Tom Edison Finds Cup. 11. by Anson Lowitz. gr. 2-6. rev. 1967. Lerner Pubns. Montgomery. Elizabeth R. Alexander Graham Bell: Man of Sound. gr. 2-5. 1963. Garrard. . Henry Fbrd: Automgtive Pioneer. Il. by Russel Hoover. gr. 4. 71969. Garrard. Myers. Elisabeth P. George Pullman: Young Sleeping Car Builder. gr. 3-7. 1963. BObbs. Paradis. Adrian A. Gail Borden: Resourceful pr. gr. 3-7. 1964. Bobbs. . Harvey S. Firestone: Young Rubber Pioneer. gr. 3"?- 196g0 BObbSo . Henry Ford. Il. by Paul Frame. gr. 2-4. 1968. Putnam. Pringle, Patrick. Youn Edison. 11. by William Randell. gr. 6-10. 19 3. Roy. Radford, Ruby L. Inventors in Industry. I1. by Jim Fox. gr. 3-6. 1969. Messner. Richards. Kenneth G. Henry Ford. gr. 6 up. 1967. Chil- drens. Richards. Norman. Story of Monticello. Il. by Chuck Mitchell. gr. 4-8. 1970. ChiIdrens. Robbin. Irving. How and Why Wonder Book of Basic Inventions. Il. by Leonard VoSburgh. gr. 446. #1965. Wonder. 8O Sobol. Donald J. Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk. gr. 4-7. 1961. Nelson. Stevenson. Augusta. John Fitch: Steamboat Boy. gr. 3-7. 1966. Bobbs. Webb. Robert N. James Watt: Inventor of a Steam Engine. gr. 6 up. 1970. Watts. Widdemer. Mabel C. Aleck Bell: Ingenious Boy. gr. 3-7. 1964. Bobbs. Silversmithing Fisher. Leonard E. Silversmiths. 11. by Leonard E. Fisher. gr. 4 up. 19651 Watts. Smithsonian Institution Neal. Harry E. Treasures by the Millions: The Story of the Smithsonian Institution. gr. 6 up. 1961. Messner. Technology/Civilization Bertin. Leonard. Boy's Book of Modern Scientific Wonders. gr. 6—10. Roy. Burland. Cottie. Men without Machines: The Story of Prim- itive Peoples. gr. 6-9. 1969. Natural Hist. Fabell. Walter. Nature's Clues. Il. by Robert Patterson. gr. 4—6. 1964. Hastings. Golstein. Kenneth K. WOrld of Tomorrow. gr. 5 up. 1969. 1'10 Graw o Halacy. D. S. Jr. Century Twenty-One: Your Life in the Year 2001 and Beyond. gr. 5287 #1968. Macrae. . Nine Roads to Tomorrow. gr. 6 up. 1964. Hale. Tools. History Adler. Irving and Ruth. Machines. 11. by Ruth Adler. gr. 3-5. 1964. John Day. 81 Jolliffe. Anne. Man the Maker. gr. 1-4. 1968. Hawthorn. Poling. James. Story of Tools: How They Built Our World and Shaped Man's Life. gr. 5-9. 1969. Norton. Zim. Herbert S. and Skelly. James R. Machine Tools. Il. by Gery Ruse. gr. 4—6. 1969. Morrow. Miscellaneous Fisher. Leonard E. Weavers. gr. 4 up. 1966. Watts. Kelly. Regina Z. Paul Revere; Colonial Craftsman. gr. 4 up. 1963. Sloane. Eric. A B C Book of Early Americana. gr. 4 up. 1963. Doubleday. Stroese, Susanne. Candle-Making. gr. 5-8. 1968. Ster- ling. 82 Resources Air Adler, Irving and Ruth. Air. gr. 2-5. 1962. John Day. Chandler, T. J. Air Around Us. gr. 1-6. 1969. Natural Hist. Freeman. Mae. When Air Moves. gr. 4-6. 1968. McGraw. Keen. Martin and Cuniff. Claire. How and Why Wonder Book of Air and Water. gr. 3-9. 1969. Wonder. Knight. David C. First Book of Air. gr. 4-6. 1961. Watts. Rosenfeld. Sam. Science Experiments with Air. Il. by James Barry. gr. 6—up. ’1969. Harvey. Air Pollution Chester, Michael. Let's Go to Stop Air Pollution. Il. by Albert Micale. gr. 2-4. 1968. Putnam. Marshall. James. Air We Live In. gr. 6—9. 1969. Coward. Shuttlesworth. Dorothy E. Clean Air, SparklingyWater. gr. Atomic Energy/Atomic Power Plants Anderson, William R. and Pizer, Vernon. Useful Atom. gr. 4 up. 1966. World Pub. Barr, Donald. How and Why Wonder Book of Atomic Energy. Il. by George Zaf? . gr. 4-6. WOnder. Beeler, Nelson and Branley. Franklyn M. Experiments with Atomics. Il. by A. W. Revell. gr. 5L9. rev. ed. 1953. T Y Crowell. Colby. Carroll B. Atom at WOrk: How Nuclear Power Can Benefit Man. gr. 5—7. #1968. Coward. 83 Dukert. Joseph M. Atompower. Il. by John T. Gorsuch. gr. 6-8. 1962. Coward. Gaines. Matthew. Atomic Energy. gr. 5 up. 1970. G&D. Grey, Vivian. Secret of the M sterious Rays: The Discovery of Nuclear Energy. I . y E MaISberg. gr.fi3;8. 1966. Basic. Halacy. D. S. Energy & Engines. Il. by Haris Petie. gr. 6 up. 1967. World Pub. Hatcher. Charles. Atom. gr. 5-9. 1963. St. Martin. Hyde, Margaret 0. Atoms Today and Tomorrow. Il. by Ed Malsberg. gr. 3 up. 94th ed. 1970. McGraw. Kohn. Bernice. Peaceful Atom. Il. by Zenowij Onyshkewych. a. 3‘6. 19630 P-Ho Larsen. Egon. Atoms and Atomic Energy. gr. 3-6. 1963. John Day. Moore, William. Atomic Pioneers. gr. 5—8. 1970. Putnam. Polking. Kirk. Let's Go to an Atomic Energy Town. Il. by Charles Dougherty. gr. 3-6. 1968. utnam. Potter, Robert D. Young People's Book of Atomic Energy. gr. 6-10. rev. ed. 1967. Dodd. Rosenfeld. Sam. Ask Me a Question about the Atom. Il. by James E. Barry. gr- 548. 1969. Harvey. Woodbury. David 0. New World of the Atom. gr. 4-6. 1965. Dodd. m Adler, Irving and Ruth. Atoms and Molecules. Il. by Ruth Adler. gr. 3-5. 1966. JohnDay. Bronowski. Jacob and Selsam, M. E. Biography of an Atom. Il. by Weimer Pursell. gr. 3-7. 1965. Har-Row. Landin. Les. About Atoms for Junior. gr. 3-6. 1961. Melmont. Rowland, John. Ernest Rutherford, Master of the Atom. gr. 5‘90 196“. Dugouro 84 Victor. Edward. Molecules and Atoms. Il. by Mel Hunter. gr. 2-4. 1963. Follett. Coal Mines and Mining Adler. Irving and Ruth. Coal. Il. by Ruth Adler. gr. 2-5. 1965. John Day. Force and Energy Cooper. Margaret. Gift from the Sun: The Mastering of Energy. gr. 5l8. ‘1969. Bradbury Pr. Hellman. Hal. Energy and Inertia. gr. 4 up. 1970. M. Evans. Moore, JOrdan. Living Sgience: Energy. Il. by J. Reid. gr. 1.“. 19670 G&Do Podendorf, Illa. True Book of Energy. gr. 2-5. 1963. Childrens. Ross, Frank Jr. World of Power and Energy. gr. 5—9. Lothrup. Ubell. Earl. World of Push and Pull. Il. by Arline Strong. gr. 2-5. ’1964. Atheneum. . and Abbott, Bernice. Motion. Photos by Bernice Abbott. gr. 5 up. 1965. World Pub. Walker, Charles. Progress with Energy. Il. by John Lathery. 1967. St. Martin. Forest Products/Forests and Forestry Brooks. Anita. Picture Book of Timber. gr. 4—7. 1967. John Day. Dobrin. Norma. About Foresters. Il. by A. Dobrin. gr. 3- 6. 1962. Melmont. Farb. Peter, ed. Fbrest. gr. 4-8. Time-Life. Silver. Gringhuis, Dirk. From Tall Timber. gr. 3-5. 1964. A. Whitman. 85 Hyde, Wayne. What Does a Forest Ranger Do. gr. 3-7. 1964. DOdd. May. Julian. Evergreen Woods. gr. 5-9. 1970. Creative Ed. . Forests That Change Color. gr. 5-9. 1970. Creative Ed. Milne. Lorus J. and Mar ery. Phoenix Forest. Il. by Elinor Van Ingen. gr. 4- . 1968. Atheneum. Moore, Alma C. Friendly Forests. Il. by Matthew Kalmenoff. gr. 4-8. rev. ed. 1963. Viking Press. Rich, Louise D. First Book of Lumbering. Il. by Victor Mays. gr. 4 up. ’1967. watts. Selsam. Millicent E. Birth of a Forest. Il. by Barbara Silverberg, Robert. VagishingGiantss The Story of the Seguoias. (Orig. Titles Big Trees). gr. 5 up. 1969. S&S. Taylor. Arthur S. et a1. Logging: The Story of an Industry. gr. “’6. 19620 $8.118. Wood, Dorothy and Frances. Forests Are for People. gr. 5 up. 1970. Dodd. Gold/Mines/Mining Allen. Gina. Gold Is. gr. 6 up. 1969. Hawthorn. Luhrmann. Winifred H. First Book of Gold. gr. 4—6. 1968. Watts. Paradis. Adrian A. Gold: King of Metals. Il. by Lorence F. Bjorklund. gr. 3-6. 1970?? Hawthorn. Lumber and Lumbering Floethe, Louise L. and Richard. Stor of Lumber. Il. by Richard Floethe. gr. 1-5. I962. Scribner. MacConomy. Alma. Odd Jobs In Lumbering. Il. by C. Hawes. gr. 5-9. 1967. Putnam. Patterson. Lillie. Lumberjacks of the Northwoods. Il. by V. Mays. gr. 3-6: Garrard. 86 Sterling Pub. Co. Lumber in Pictures. gr. 3-8. 1963. Sterling. Mineralogy/Mines and Mineral Resources Comfort. Iris T. Earth Treasures: Rocks and Minerals. Il. by Jan Fairservis. gr. 3—6: ‘1964. ’PAH. Gallant, Ray A. and Schuberth, Christopher J. Discovering Rocks and Minerals. gr. 5-8. 1967. Natural Hist. Gilbert. Miriam. Science Hobby Book of Rocks and Minerals. gr. S-lO. rev. ed. 1968. Lerner Pubns. Keene. Melvin. Beginner's Story of Minerals and Rocks. Il. by Harry McNaught. gr.§27. ’1966. Har-Row. Page. Lou W. Rocks and Minerals. Il. by Robert Lee. gr. Pearl. Richard M. Wonders of Rocks and Minerals. gr. 4-6. 1961. Dodd. Shuttlesworth. Dorothy. Story of Rocks. Il. by Suzan N. Swain. gr. 5-8. rev. ed. 1966. Doubleday. Smith, Howard E. Jr. From Under the Earth: America's Metals FUels and Minerals. Il.*by Howard E. Smith. gr. 3-9. I967. HarBraceJ. Smithline, Frederick. ‘Agswers About Rocks and Minerals. 30 3-9. 1968. G&D| White, Anne T. All about Rocks and Minerals. gr. 4-6. 1963. Random. Natural Resources Chilton. Shirley et al. Economics for Young People, Bk. 3: HOw Things We Uge Are Made. Il.by N. Kay Stevenson and Kathleen McCarthy. gr. 3-5. 1970. Elk Grove. Duffy, Eric. Conservation of Nature. gr. 5 up. 1970. McGraw. McCoy. J. J. Shadows over the Land. gr. 5 up. 1970. Seabury. Pringle, Laurence. Only Earth We Have. gr. 4-8. 1969. Macmillan. 87 Sootin. Harry. Young Experimenter's Workbook: Treasures of the Earth. Il. by Frank Aloise. gr.‘4;6. '1965. Norton. WOrth. Jean. Man; Earth and Change. gr. 6-9. 1968. Coward. Mattison. Charles W. and Alvarez, Joseph. Man and His Resources. gr. 4-8. 1967. Creative Ed. Munzer. Martha E. Pockets of Hope: Studies of Land and and People. gr. 4 up. 1967. Knopf. Noise Navarra, John G. Our Noisy World:_ The Problem of Noise Pollution. gr. 659. #1969. Doubleday. Nuclear Physics/Nuclear Propulsion Beeler. Nelson F. and Branley. Franklyn M. Ex eriments With Atomigg. 11. by A. W. Revell. gr. E-9. rev. ed. 1965. T Y Crowell. Grey, Vivian. Secret of the Mysterious Rays: The Discovery 2f NuclearfEnergy. I . by Ed Malsberg. gr. 5e8. 1966. Basic. Petroleum Brooks. Anita. Picture Book of Oil. gr. 4-7. 1965. John Day. Coon. Frances G. and Rosenberg. Shirley S. First Oil Rush. Fanning, Leonard. Over Mountains, Prairiesl and Seas: The Oil Trade. gr. 5 up. 1968. ‘McGraw. Jacobs. Lou Jr. Oil U.S.A. gr. 3-5. 1967. Elk Grove. LeRoi. David. How We Get and Use Oil. gr. 6 up. 1962. Verry. Lewis, Alfred. New World of Petroleum. gr. 3-9. 1966. Dodd. Shilstone. Beatrice. First Book of Oil. Il. by Arthur Shilstone. gr. 4-6. 1969. Watts. 88 Webb. Robert N. Magic of Steel and Oil. Il. by P. Thornton. gr. 4-6. 1965. G&D. WOlfe, Louis. Drake Drills for Oil. Il. by D. Hodges. gr. 4-7. 1966. Putnam. Power/Power Resources/Public Utilities Cooper. Margaret. Gift From the Sun: The Mastering of Energy. gr. 5L8} ’1969. Bradbury Pr. Epstein. Sam and Beryl. All about Engines and Power. gr. 5-9. 1962. Random. Lavine. David. Under the City. gr. 5-7. 1967. Doubleday. Ross. Frank Jr. World of Power and Energy. gr. 5-9. Lothrup. Sterland. E. G. Energy into Power: The Story of Man and Machines. gr.'6;8. Doubleday. Walker, Charles. Pro ess with Energy. Il. by John Lathey. gr. 3-70 19 0 St. martin. Radiation Freeman. Ira M. All about Light and Radiation. gr. 5-10. 1965. Random. . Science of Light and Radiation. gr. 5-8. 1969. Random. Kohn. Bernice. Light You Cannot See. Il. by Robert Galster. {Ere “"70 19650 p‘Ho Silver/Silver Mines and Mining Chase. Sara H. First Book of Silver. gr. 6 up. 1969. Watts. Francis. May E. Jim Bowie's Lost Mine. gr. 4-10. 1966. Naylor. Moody, Ralph. Silver and Land. gr. 4-6. 1961. Macmillan. 89 Soil Conservation/Soils Bartlett. Margaret F. Down the Mountain. gr. 2-5. 1963. W. R. Scott. Cromer. Richard. Soil. Il. by Robert Lee. gr. 2-4. 1966. Follett. Matthews. William H. 3rd. First Book of Soils. gr. 3-6. 1970. Watts. May. Julian. Living Blanket on the Land. gr. 5-9. 1970. Shannon, Terry. About the Land, the Rain: and Us. Il. by C. Payzant. gr. 2-5. 1963. Melmont. Simon, Seymour. Handful of Soil. Il. by Valli. gr. 3-6. 1970. Hawthorn. Talley. Naomi. To Save the Soil. gr. 5-7. 1965. Dial. Solar Energy/Solar Radiation Halacy. D. S. Jr. Experiments with Solar Energy. gr. 5-9. 1969. Norton. HDke, JOhn. First Book of Solar Energy. gr. 4 up. 1968. Watts. Wohlrabe, Raymond. Exploring Solar Energy. gr. 4-9. 1966. World Pub. Trees Adler. Irving and Ruth. Tree Products. Il. by Ruth Adler. Baker. Laura N. Tree Called Moses. Il. by Penny Taylor. Coe, Geoffrey. How and Why Wonder Book of Trees. Il. by Cynthia KoehIer and Alvin Koehler. gr. 4-6. 1964. Wonder. Cosgrove, Margaret. Wgnders of the Tree World. gr. 4—6. rev. ed. 1970. Dodd. Hutchins, Ross E. This Is a Tree. gr. 5 up. 1964. Dodd. 90 Milne, Lorus I. and Margery. Because of a Tree. Il. by Kenneth Gosner. gr. 4-9. 1963. Atheneum. Pine, Tillie S. and Levine. Joseph. Trees and How We Use Them. Il. by Bernice Myers. gr. 2-6T ‘I969. McGraw. Rush, Hanniford. Backyard Trees. Il. by R. M. Nora. gr. 3 up. 1964. Macmillan. Sullivan, George. Trees. Il. by Norman Adams. gr. 1-5. 1970. Follett. Watson, Aldren A. Maple Tree Begins. gr. 3-5. 1970. Viking Press. White, Florence M. Your Friend, the Tree. Il. by Alan Cober. gr. l-4. 1969. Knopf} Water Buehr, Walter. Water: Our Vital Need. Il. by Walter Buehr. gr. 4-6. 41967. Norton. Carlson. Carl W. and Bernice W. Water Fit to Use. Photos by A. Halneno gr. 5‘9. 1966. JOEY} Day. Carona, Philip B. Water. Il. by Phero Thomas. gr. 2-4. 1966. Follett. Catherall, E. A. and Holt. P. N. Working with Water. Il. by Nicholas Quilliam. gr. 4-8. 1969. A. Whitman. Davies. Delwyn. Fresh Water. gr. 1-6. 1969. Natural Hist. Heindl, L. A. Our Water Resources. gr. 6-9. 1969. Coward. . Water We Live By: How to Manage It Wisely. 1969. Coward. Keen, Martin and Cuniff. Claire. How and Why Wonder Book of Air and Water. gr. 3-9. July 1969. Wonder. Meyer, Jerome S. Water at Work. Il. by John Polgreen. gr. 3.6. 1963. Morrison. Sean and Freeman. Ira. Water Book: Where It Comes from and Wherg It Goes. Il. by Aki Miyagi et a1. gr. 5-4. 1970. Random. Nelson. Clifford. From One Drop of Water. Il. by Ren Pat- terson. gr. 446. '1970. Messner. 9l Peterson, Ottis. Water. gr. 2-5. 1966. Garrard. Rosenfeld, Sam. Science Experiments with Water. gr. 6 up. 1966. Harvey. Silverstein, Alvin and Virginia. World in a Drop of Water. gr. 4—6. 1969. Atheneum. Stone, A. Harris and Igmanson, Dale. Drop by Drop: A_Look at Water. Il. by Peter P. Plasencia. gr. 549. P-H. Winchester, James H. Wonders of Water. gr. 5-9. 1963. Putnam. Woodbury, David 0. Fresh Water from Salty Seas. gr. 6 up. 1967. Dodd. Water-~Pollution Carlson, Carl W. and Bernice W. Water Fit to Use. Photos by A. Hansen. gr. 5-9. 1966. John Day. Chester, Michael. Let’s Go to Stop Water Pollution. Il. by Albert Micale. gr. 4-6. Putnam. Orlowsky, Wallace and Perera, Thomas B. Who Will Wash the water. gz‘o 3’6. 19 70. coward. Pringle, Laurence. Only Earth We Have. gr. 4—8. 1969. Macmillan. Shuttlesworth, Dorothy E. Clean Air, Sparkling Water. gr. 3-5- 1968. Doubleday. Stephens, J. H. Water and Waste. gr. 4-6. 1968. St. Martin. Water Conservation Archer, Sellers. Rainy Rivers and Reservoirs: The Challenge ngunning Water. gr. 648. ‘1963. Rev. ed. 1969. Coward. Nickelsburg, Janet. California'g Natural Resources: From the Mountains to the Sea. Il. by Robt. Gray. gr. 3-5. Coward. Radlauer, Edward and Shaw, Ruth. Water for Your Community. gr. 4—5. Elk Grove. 92 Organization American Federation of Labor Selvin, David F. Sam Gompers: Labor's Pioneer. gr. 3-7. 1964. Abelard. Weisberger, Bernard. Samuel Gompers. gr. 5 up. 1967. Silver. Banks and Banking Braude, Michael. Danny Graham, Banker. Il. by Howard Lind- berg. gr. 3-6: Denison. O'Toole, Edward T. New World of Banking. gr. 4-6. 1965. DOdd. Shay, Arthur. What Ha ens When You Put Moneygin the Bank. gr. 1-6. I967. Reilly & Lee. Smith, Kenneth H. Money and Banking. gr. 5-11. 1969. Lerner Pubns. Tarshis, Barry. Barter, Bills, and Banks. Il. by Ric Estrada. gr. 4-6. 41970. Messner. Capitalists and Financiers Weisberger, Bernard A. and Nevins, A. Captains of Industry. 9;?- 5 up. 1966. Har-ROW. Investments Braude, Michael. Tim Learns about Mutual Funds. Il. by Howard Lindberg. gr. 3-6. Denison. LaborZLabor Unions Cook, Roy. Leaders of Labor. gr. 6—8. 1966. Lippincott. (.3 93 Flager, John J. Labor Movement in the U.S. gr. 5-ll. 1969. Lerner Pubns. . Modern Trade Unionism. gr. 5-ll. 1969. Lerner Pubns. Gardner, Joseph L. and Weisberger, Bernard A. Labor on the March: The Story of America's Unions. gr. 5 up. Har- ROW. Meltzer, Milton. Bread and Roses: The Strgggle of American Labor 1865-1915T' gr. 6 up. I967. Knopf. Terrell, John U. U.S. Department of Labor: A Story of Workers, Unions, and the Economy. gr. 5 up. *l563. Hawthorn. Werstein, Irving. Labor's Defiant Lady: The Story of Mother Jones. gr. 5-8. 1969. T Y Crowell. Stock Exchange/Stocks Braude, Michael. Shelb Goes to Wall Street. Il. by Howard Lindberg. gr. 3- . Denison. Paradis. Adrian. Bulls and the Bears: How the Stock Exchange Works. II. by Alan Moyler. gr. 548. 1967. Hawthorn. Rosenblum, Marc. Stock Market. gr. 5-11. 1969. Lerner Pubns. wood, James P. What's the Market: The Story of Stock Exchanges. gr. 5-8. ‘19661 Hawthorn. Systems Engineering Thompson, Chester et al. New Fields. gr. 5 up. 1970. Childrens. 94 Research Chemistry Carona, Philip. True Book of Chemistry. Il. by B. Wilde. go 2.5. 196;. Childrens- Chandler, M. H. Science and the World around Us. Il. by M. Russo and E. Giglioli. gr. 349. 81968} Random. Freeman, Ira M. and Patton, A. Rae. Science of Chemistry. go 5-8. 1969 0 Random- Freeman, Mae B. and Ira M. Story of Chemistry. gr. 3-6. 1962. Random. Griffin, F. and Osers, E. Boys' Book of Modern Chemical Wonders. gr. 6-10. Roy. Gray, Charles. Explorations in Chemistry. gr. 5 up. 1965- Dutton. Greene, Carla. Let's Meet the Chemist. gr. 2-5. 1966. Harvey. Keen, Martin L. How and Why Wonder Book of Chemistry. Il. by Walter Ferguson. gr. 4—6} Wonder. Mullin, Virginia. Chemistry for Children. Il. by B. Case. gr. 5-8. Sterling. Newcomb, Ellsworth and Kenny, Hugh. Alchemy to Atoms. gr. 5-9. 1961. Putnam. Palder, Edward L. Magic with Chemistry. gr. 4-6. rev. ed. 9&D. Roberson, Paul. Chemistry by Experiment. gr. 4-6. 1965. John Day. Stone, A. Harris. Chemistry of a Lemon. 11. by Peter P. Plasencia. gr. 346. 1966. *P-H. , and Ingmanson, Dale. Crystals from the Sea: A Look at Salt. Il. by Peter P. Plasencia. gr. 5e9. 19690 P’HI , and Siegel, Bertram M. Chemistry of Soap. Il. by Peter P. Plasencia. gr. 4-8. #1968. P-H. 95 Whitmer, John C. and De Vault, M. Vere. Chemistry. Il. by Mac Tatchell. gr. 5-6. 1968. Steck-V. wohlrabe, Raymond A. Exploring Giant Molecules. gr. 5 up. 1969. World Pub. Research Howard, Coralie. What Do You Want to Know. Il. by Laszlo Paradis. Adrian A. Problem Solvers. gr. 5-9. 1964. Putnam. Rothman, Milton A. Men and Discovery: The Story of Basic Research. gr. 548. 1964. Norton. Science--Experiments Baker, Eric J. and Millard, W. T. Science Projects and Experiments: Machines and Energy. gr. l-6. 1964. Arco. Barr, George. Research Agventures for Young Scientists. gr. 5 up. 1964. McGraw. 96 Production (Manufacturing) Accidents--Prevention Benedick, Jeanne. Emergency Book. gr. 5-8. 1967. Rand. Bolian, Polly and Hinds, Shirley. First Book of Safety. Il. by Polly Bolian. gr. 4-7. 1970. Watts. Shappo Charles and Martha. Let's Find Out about Safety. Il. by Lazlo Roth. 1964. Watts. Alloys/Aluminum Tracy, Edward B. New World of Aluminum. gr. 3-7. 1967. Dodd. Cabinet Work Fisher, Leonard E. Cabinetmakers. gr. 4 up. 1966. Watts. Record, Nancy. Coffers and Cabinets. Il. by Nancy Record. gr. 5-10. T969. Lerner Pubns. Clay Seidelman, James E. and Mintonye, Grace. Creating with Clay. gr. 1-6. 1967. Macmillan. Clothing and Dress/Clothing Trade Hefflefinger, Jane and Hoffman, Elaine. One Hundred Dresses at a Time. 11. by Roger La Mana. gr. 3-5. 1970. Elk Grove. Lazarus, Harry. Let's Go to a Clothinngactory. gr. 2-6. 1961. Putnam. Shannon, Terry. About Ready-To-Wear Clothes. Il. by C. Payzant. gr. 3-6. 1961. Melmont. 97 Cotton Hammond, Winifred G. Cotton from Farm to Market. gr. 3-6. 1968. Coward. CopperZCopper Mines and Mining/Coppersmithing Burt, Olive W. First Book of Copper. gr. 3-7. 1964. Dodd. Tracy, Edward B. New World of Copper. gr. 3-7. 1964. Dodd. Place, Marion T. Copper Kings of Montana. Il. by E. K. Barth. gr. 3-7. *l96l. Random. Cordage * Russell, Solveig P. Twist and Twine. gr. 2-6. 1969. Parents. Glass/Glass Manufacturg/Glassware Buehr, Walter. Marvel of Glass. gr. 4-6. 1963. Morrow. Eberle, Irmengarde. New World of Glass. gr. 3-9. 1963. Dodd. Fisher, Leonard E. Glassmakers. gr. 4 up. 1964. Watts. Lowery, Lawrence F. I like Rubber, I like Glass! Il. by Philip Smith. gr. l-7. 1969. Golden Press, Western Pub. Newcomb, Ellsworth and Kenny, Hugh. Miracle Glass. Il. by Ayres Houghtelling. gr. 5-8. 1968. Putnam. Industry Sullivan, George. More How Do They Make It. gr. 4—8. 1969. Westminster. 98 Machine Toolg/Machinery/Machinery in Industry Adler, Irving and Ruth. Machines. Il. by Ruth Adler. gr. Aylesworth, Thomas G., ed. It Works like This: A Collec- tion of Magazines from Nature and Science Magazine. Bradley, Duane and Lord, Eugene. Here's How It Works. gr. 4—6. 1962. Lippincott. Buehr, Walter. First Book of Machines. gr. 3-5. 1962. Watts. Calder, Ritchie. Evolution of the Machine. gr. 6 up. 1968. Hale. Elting, Mary. Machines at Work. gr. 3-6. 1962. Harvey. O'Brien, Robert. Maguinas. (Span. Il.). gr. 5 up. 1968. Time—Life Silver. Pine, Tillie S. and Levine, Joseph. Sim le Machines and How We Use Them. gr. 3-5. 196 . McGraw. Poling, James. Story of Tools: How They Built Our World and Shaped Man's Life. gr. 5e9. 81969. Norton. Victor, Edward. Machines. Il. by Mel Hunter. gr. 2-4. 1962. Follett. Zim, Herbert S. and Skelly, James R. Machine Tools. Il. by Gary Ruse. gr. 4—6. 1969. Morrow. Mechanics Miller, Lisa. Levers. Il. by S. Morrison. gr. 2-4. 1968. Coward. Ubell, Earl, World of Push and Pull. Il. by Arline Strong. gr. 2-5. “1964. Atheneum. Measuring_Instruments/Metric System Berger, Melvin. For Good Measure. Il. by Adolph Brotman. gr. 5 up. 1969. McGraw. 99 Carona, Philip B. Things That Measure. Il. by John Kaufmann. gr. 3'60 1962. P‘Ho Fogel, Barbara R. What's the Biggest. Il. by B. Wolff. gr. 4-9. 1966. Random. Friskey, Margaret, ed. About Measurement. gr. 3 up. 1965. Melmont. Luce, Marnie. Measurement: How Much, How Many, How Far. gr. 5-9. I969. Lerner Pubns. Metals/Metalwork Gruber, Elmar. Metal and Wire Sculpture. gr. 4 up. 1969. Sterling. Meriel-Bussy, Yves. Repoussage: The Embossingiof Metal. gr. 6 up. 1970. Sterling. Newcomb, Ellsworth and Kenny, Hugh. Miracle Metals. Il. by R. Bartram. gr. 4-6. 1962. Putnam. Pearl, Richard M. Wonder World of Metals. gr. 3-5. 1966. Har-Row. fpper/Paper--History/Paper Crafts/ Papermaking and Trade Anderson, Mildred. Ori inal Creations with Papier Mache. gr. 6 up. 1967. S erling. . Papier Mache and How to Use It. gr. 6 up. Ster- ling. Buehr, Walter. Magic of Paper. gr. 4-6. 1966. Morrow. Cooke, David C. HOW Books Are Made. gr. 4-6. 1963. Dodd. . How Money Is Made. gr. 4-6. 1962. Dodd. Cowbourne, Donald. Creative Crafts for Beginners. gr. 4 up. 1965. BranTOrd. D'Amato, Janet and Alex. Cardboard Carpentry. gr. 2-5. 1966. Lion. Dean, Anabel. About Paper. Il. by Robert O'Malley. gr. 3. 1968. Melmont. 100 Eberle, Irmengarde. New World of Paper. gr. 3-9. 1969. DOdd. Fisher, Leonard E. Papermakers. gr. 4 up. 1965. Watts. Granit, Inga. Cardboard Crafting. gr. 5 up. 1964. Ster- ling. Perkins, Lynn. Let's Go to a Paper Mill. Il. by Paul Frame. go 3.6. 1959 o Putnam. White, Laurence B. Jr. Investigating Science with Paper. gr. 5—9. 1970. Addisonian. A-W. Plaster Casts Marks, Mickey K. Sand Sculpturing. Photos by S. G. Bernard. gr‘o k'9 o 19 630 Dial. Meilach, Dana Z. Creating with Plaster. gr. 6 up. 1966. Reilly & Lee. Plastics Buehr, Walter. Plastics, the Man Made Miracle. gr. 4-6. 1967. Morrow. Carona, Philip B. Magic Mixtures: Alloys and Plastics. Il. by Peter P. Plasencia. gr. 3-6} 1963. P-H. Lewis, Alfred. The New World of Plastics. gr. 3-9. 1963. Dodd. Newcomb, Ellsworth and Kenny, Hugh. Miracle Plastics. Il. by R. Bartram. 1965. Putnam. Pottery Aldridge, Eileen. Porcelain. gr. 5 up. 1970. G&D. Baker, Denys V. Young Potter. gr. 5-9. 1963. Warne. Fisher, Leonard E. Potters. gr. 5 up. 1969. Watts. King, Charles. Pottery. gr. 4-9. 1966. Verry. Lee, Ruth. Ex lorin the World of Pottery. Il. by M. Gehr. gr. 5 up. I967. Childrens. lOl Weiss, Harvey. Ceramics: From Clay to Kiln. gr. 6 up. 1964. Hale. Rubber Buehr, Walter. Rubber, Natural and Synthetic. gr. 4-6. 1964. Morrow. Eberle, Irmengarde. New World of Rubber. gr. 3-9. 1966. Dodd. Lowery, Lawrence F. I like Rubber; I like Glass. Il. by Philip Smith. gr. l-7.9II969. Gdlden Press. Western Pub. White, Lawrence B. Jr. InvestigatingrScience with Rubber Bands. gr. 5-8. 1969. Addisonian. 9A;W. Shoes and Shoe Industry Fisher, Leonard E. Shoemakers. gr. 4 up. 1967. Watts. Steel Adler, Irving and Ruth. Learning about Steel_through the Story of a Nail. gr. 3-6. 91961. John Day. Green, Erma. Let's Go to a Steel Mill. gr. 2-6. Putnam. Webb, Robert N. Magic of Steel and Oil. Il. by P. Thorn- ton. gr. 4~6. 1965. G&D. Synthetic Products Kavaler, Lucy. Artificial World Around Us. gr. 6-8. 1963. John Day. Tanning Fisher, Leonard E. Tanners. gr. 4 up. 1966. Watts. 102 Wbod/Wbod Carving/Woodwork Hill, Frank E. New World of Wood. gr. 3-9. 1965. Dodd. Lidstone, John. Building with Balsa Wood. gr. 4—6. 1965. VanN-Rein. Pike, Norman. Joy of Woodworking: A Young People's Guide. gr. 5 up. ‘1969. Pantheon. Seidelman, James E. and Mintonye, Grace. Creating with Wood. Il. by Lynn Sweat. gr. 5 up. 1969. Macmillan. Sterling Pub. Co. Wood in Pictures. gr. 3-8. 1963. Ster- ling. 103 Occupations Occupations Colby, Carroll B. Night People: Photographs and Facts Revealing the world othhose Who Work After Dark. gr. 5-7. 1961. Coward} Hoffman, Elaine and Hefflefinger, Jane. About Helpers Who , Work at Night. Il. by N. Galloway. gr. 2-5. '1963. 5 Melmont. Maher, John E. and Symmes, S. Stowell. Learning about Peo- ple working for You. gr. 3-6. 1969. Munzer, Martha. Unusual Careers. Il. by John Kaufmann. gr. 5 up. 1962. Knopfi Scarry, Richard. What Do People Do All Day. gr. 1-6. 1968. Random. Schwartz, Alvin. Night Workers. Il. by Ullie Steltzer. g1”. 2‘6. 1.9660 ULRICH. Smith, Frances C. Men At work in Alaska. gr. 4-8. 1967. Putnam. U.S. Industries Lent, Henry B. Men at Work in the Mid—Atlantic States. gr. 5-7. l96I. Putnam. . Men at Work in New England. gr. 4-6. rev. ed. I967. ’Putnam. . Men at work in the South. gr. 4-6. rev. ed. I969. PUtnaIno . Men at Work on the West Coast. gr. 5-7. rev. ed. 1968. Putnam. Rubicam, Harry C. Jr. Men at WOrk in Hawaii. (Photos). gr. 5-9. rev. ed. I967. Putnam. . Men at Work in the Great Plains States. gr. 5- II. 1961. Putnam. 104 Vocational Guidance Dietz, Betty W. You Can work in the Transportation Industry. gr. 5 up. 1969. John Day. Englebardt, Stanley L. Careers in Data Processing. gr. 2 up. 1969. Lothrop. Harrison, C. William. Find a Career in Railroading. gr. 5- 9. 1968. Putnam. Hyde, Wayne. What Does a Forest Ranger Do. gr. 3-7. 1964. Dodd. Mergendahl, T. E. Jr. What Does a Photographer Do. Il. by Sheldon Ramsdell. gr. 5 up. 1965. Dodd. Munzer, Martha. Unusual Careers. Il. by thn Kaufmann. gr. 5 up. 1962. Knopf. Patterson, Betty et al. I Reached for the Sky. gr. 5 up. 1970. Childrens. Robinson, Emmett and Reuben, Michael. Where There's Smoke. gr. 4-6. 1970. Childrens. Sagara, Peter and Simon, R. E. Jr. written on Film. gr. 5 up. 1970. Childrens. Splaver, Sarah. Some Day I'll Be an Aerospace Engineer. gr 0 5-9 a 19 67c HaWt horn o 105 Construction Architecture Adler, Irving and Ruth. Houses: From Caves to Skyscrapers. gr. 2-50 1965. JOhn Day. Devlin, Harry. To Grandfather's House We Go: A Roadside Tour of American Homes. gr. 5 up. ‘I967. Parents. . What Kind of House Is That. gr. 5 up. 1969. Parents. Downer, Marion. Roofs Over America. gr. 3 up. 1967. Lothrop. Fisher, Leonard E. Architects. gr. 5 up. 1970. Watts. Hillyer, V. M. and Huey, E. G. Architecture, Gothic to Modern. gr. 5 up. Childrens. . Architecture, 3000 B.C. to Gothic Period. gr. 5 up. Childrens. Jacobs, David and Branner, Robert. Master Builders of the Middle Ages. gr. 6 up. 1969. Har-Row. Kaufman, Mervyn D. Father of Skyscrapers: A Biography of Louis Sullivan. gr. 5;9. 1969. Little. Klein, H. Arthur and Mina. Great Structures of the World. Il. by Joseph Cellini. gr. 6410. 91968. World Pub. Moore, Lamont. First Book of Architecture. gr. 4-6. 1961. Watts. Morey, Joan. Let's Look at Houses and Hbmes. Il. by Kenneth E. Carter. gr. 4-8: ’1969. A Whitman. Pevsner, Nikolaus. Sources of Modern Architecture and Design. 1968. Praeger. Richards, Kenneth G. Frank Lloyd Wright. gr. 6 up. 1968. Childrens. Rockwell, Anne. Filippo's Dome. gr. 4 up. 1967. Atheneum. Rosen, Sidney. Wizard of the Dome: R. Buckminster Fuller, Designer for the Future. gr. 6-8. ’1969. Little. 106 Wilson, Forrest. What It Feels Like to Be a Building. gr. 3-8. 1969. Doubleday. Zaidenberg, Arthur. How to Draw Houses. gr. 5-10. 1968. Abelard. Bridges Carlisle, Norman V. True Book of Bridges. Il. by G. Wilde. gr. 2-1+. 19650 Childrens. Chester, Michael. Let's Go Build a Suspension Bridge. gr. 2-50 1966. Putnam. Doherty, C. H. Bridges. Il. by Gerald Wilkenson. gr. 4 up. 1969. Hawthorn. Golding, Morton J. Bridges. gr. 3—7. 1967. Putnam. Goldwater, Daniel. Bridges and How They Are Built. gr. 4- 7. 1965. w. R. Scott. Peet, Creighton. First Book of Bridges. gr. 4 up. rev. ed. 1966. Watts. Saunders, F. Wenderoth. Building Brooklyn Bridge. gr. 4-6. 1965. Little. Zaidenberg, Arthur. How to Draw Historic and Modern Bridges. gr. 5-10. 1962. ‘Abelard. Building Barr, Donald. How and Why Wonder Book of Building. Il. by Robert Doremus. gr. 446. ‘I964. Wonder. Barr, George. Young Scientist Looks at Skyscrapers. gr. 5 up. 1963. McGraw. Benenson, Lawrence A. How A House is Built. gr. 5-7. 1965. Criterion. Bertin, Leonard. B0 5' Book of Engineering WOnders of the World. gr. . Roy. Iger, Eve M. Building a Skyscraper. gr. 4-7. 1967. W. R. SCOtt o Khan, Ely J. Building Goes Up. Il. by Cal Sacks. gr. 4 up. 1969. S&S. 107 Lidstone, JOhn. Building with Balsa Wood. gr. 4-6. 1965. VanN-Rein. . Building with Cardboard. gr. 4—6. 1968. VanN- Rein. Peet, Creighton. First Book of Skyscrapers. gr. 4-6. 1964. Watts. City Planning Schwartz, Alvin. Old Cities and New Towns: The Changing Face of the Nation. gr. 6Pup. 1968. Dutton. Dams Coon, Martha S. Oahe Dam,,Master of the Missouri. gr. 5-8. 1969. Harvey. Elevators Bechdolt, Jack. Going Up: The Story of Vertical Transpor- tation. Il. by Jeanne Bendick. gr. 4-8. Abington. Engineering/Engineers Bertin, Leonard. Bo 3' Book of Engineering Wonders of the World. gr. . Roy. Black, Archibald. Engineering. gr. 5-7. 1965. Putnam. Evans, Idrisyn O. Engineers of the World. gr. 5-9. 1963. Warne. Grant, Kay. Robert Stevenson: Engineer and Sea Builder. gr. 6 up. 91969. Hawthorn. Rolt, L. T. Story of Brunel. Il. by Paul Sharp. gr. 5 up. 1968. Abelard. Rolt, Lionel T. Great Engineers. gr. 4—6. 1963. St. Martin. Salter, Richard J. Great Moments in Engineering. 11. by Lazlo Acs. gr. 5e10. Roy. 108 Stirling, Nora. Wonders of Engineering. Il. by Emil Weiss. gr. 5-7. 1966} Doubleday. Sullivan, George. Newlworld of Construction Engineering. go 3.9. 1.9680 DOddo Yager, Rosemary. James Buchanan Eads, Master of the Great River. Il. by John Hackmaster. gr. 4-7} 91968. VanNA Rein. Explosives Morgan, Bryan. Explosions and Explosives. Il. by Stuart Herriet-Smith. gr. 4-7. 1968. St. Martin. Hoisting Machinery Zim, Herbert S. and Skelly, James R. Hoists, Cranes, and Derricks. Il. by Gary Ruse. gr.‘4#6. 1969. Morrow. Roads Allen, Agnes. Story of the Highway. gr. 4—7. Transat- lantic. Burt, Olive W. National Road. gr. 4-7. 1968. John Day. Carlisle, Nbrman and M. About Roads. Il. by Wilde. gr. 2-4. 1965. Melmont. 109 Transportation Aerodynamics/Aeronautics/ Airplanes/Airports Appell, Claude. Aircraft of the World. gr. 5-8. 1968. Follett. Behrens, June. Air Cargo. gr. 3-8. 1970. Elk Grove. Bergaust, Erik. Convertiplanes in Action. gr. 6-8. 1969. Putnam. , and Toss, Wm. Helicopters in Action. gr. 5 up. I962. Putnam. Braude, Michael. Chad Learns abogt Naval Aviation. Il. by Howard Lindberg. gr. 3—6. Denison. . Peter Enterg the Jet Age. Il. by Howard Lind- erg. gr. 3-6. Denison. Brennan, Dennis. Adventures in Courage: The Skymasters. gr. 6-8. 1968. Reilly & Lee. Buehr, Walter. Freight Trains of the Sky. gr. 3-7. 1969. Putnam. Colby, Carroll B. Jets of the World: New Fighters, Bombers, and Transports. gr. 5-7. rev. ed. 1966. Coward. Cooke, David C. Behind the Scenes at an Airport. gr. 4-6. rev. ed. 1968. Dodd. . Flights that Made History. gr. 4-8. 1961. nam. . Helicopters that Made History. gr. 5 up. 1963. Putnam. . Seaplanes that Made History. gr. 5 up. 1963. u nam. . Who Really Invented the Airplane. gr. 5 up. I964. Putnam. Coombs, Charles. Skyhooks: The Story of Helicopters. gr. 4-6. 1967. Morrow. 110 Corbett, Scott. What Makes a Plane Fly. Il. by Leonard Darwin. gr. 4-7. 1967. Little. Croome, Angela. Hovercraft. Il. by Gerald Wilkinson. gr. 5 up. 1962. Astor-Honor. Delear, Frank J. Igor Sikorsky: His Three Careers in Avia- tion. gr. 5 up. 1969. Dodd. De Leeuw, Hendrik. From Flying Horse to Man on the Moon: History of Flight from Its Earliest Beginning to the Conquest of Space. gr. 6—l0. 1963. St. Martin. Dwiggins, Don. Famous Flyers and the Ships They Flew. gr. 5—8. 1969. 9&0. Elting, Mary. Aircraft At Work. gr. 3-6. 1964. Harvey. Gottlieb, Wm. P. Aircraft and How They Work. gr. 4-7. l968. Doubleday. Gurney, Gene. Test Pilots. gr. 6 up. 1962. Hale. Harley, Ruth W. Glenn L. Martin: Boy Conqueror of the Air. gr. 3-70 BObbSo Hendrickson, Walter B. Winging Into Space. gr. 4-8. Bobbs. Highland, H. J. Airplanes and the Story of Flight. gr. 4— 6. G&D. Hood, Joseph F. When Monsters Roamed the Skies: The Saga of the Dirigible Airship. gr. 4:7. 91968. G&D. Hoyt, Edwin P. Zeppelins. 1969. Lothrop. Hyde, Margaret 0. Flight Today and Tomorrow. gr. 5 up. 3rd ed. 1970. McGraw. Jacobs, Lou Jr. Aircraft, U.S.A. gr. 3-5. Elk Grove. . Jumbo Jets. gr. 5-9. 1969. Bobbs. . SST-~Plane of Tomorrow: The Story of America's Supersonic Transport. gr. 5 up. ’1969. Golden Gate. King, Charles. Airports. gr. 4-9. 1966. Verry. Linecar, Howard. Early Aeroplanes. gr. 6-10. 1965. Verry. Loening, Grover. Take-off into Greatness: How American Avi- ation Grew So Big So Fast. gr. 6 up. *I968. Putnam. lll Lopshire, Robert. Beginners' Guide to Building and Flying Model Airplanes. Il. by Robert Lopshire. gr. 5 up. 1967. Har-Row. McCague, James. When Men First Flew. Il. by Victor Mays. gr. 4. 1969. Garrard. McFarland, Kenton D. Airplanes: How They Work. gr. 2-4. 1966. Putnam. MacMillan, Norman. Great Flights and Air Adventures: From Balloons to Spgcecraft. gr. 539. 19651 St. Martin. Olson, Gene. Tin Goose. gr. 5-9. 1962. Westminster. Pacilio, James V. Disgovering Aerospace. Il. by G. Rohrer. _- gr. 4-6. 1965. Childrens. I Paradis, Adrian A. Two Hundred Million Miles a Day. gr. 6 up. 1969. Chilton. Poole, Lynn and Gray. Balloons Fly_High: Two Hundred Years of Adventure and Science. gr. 3-6. ’196I. McGraw. Randolph, Stella. Before the Wrights Flew: The Story of Gustave Whitehead. gr. 5481 1966. ‘Putnam. Ray, E. Roy. What Does an Airline Crew Do. gr. 3-7. 1968. Dodd. Richards, Kenneth G. Charles Lindbergh. gr. 6 up. 1968. Childrens. Richards, NOrman V. Giants in the Sky. Il. by Robert and Corinne Borja. gr. Stup. 1967. Childrens. Richter, Ed. Making of a Pilot. gr. 5-9. 1966. Hale. Rosenbaum, Robert A., ed. Best Book of True Aviation Stor- ies. Il. by Kiyoaki Komoda. gr. 5-9. Doubleday. Rowland, JOhn. Jet Man: The Story of Sir Frank Whittle. gr. 5 up. 1967. Roy. Sallison, Ken. When Zeppelins Flew. gr. 4-7. 1969. Time- Life. Scharff, Robert. Aircraft in Pictures. gr. 5 up. 1968. Sterling. Settle, Mary L. Stor of Flight. Il. by George Evans. gr. 2-9. 1967. Random. 112 Shapp: Martha and Charles. words about Air Travel. Il. by Charles Mozley. gr. 147. ’1970} Watts. Shay, Arthur. What Happens_When You Travel by Plane. gr. 2-5. 1968. Reilly & Lee. Smith, N. D. Discovering Flight. II. by Gareth Floyd. gr. 4-6. 1968. Dufour. Sparks, James C. Jr. Gyroscopes: What They Are and How The work. Il. by Denys McMains. gr. 5-9. 1963. Dutton. Stambler, Irwin. Ocean Liners of the Air. gr. 6-10. 1969. Putnam. . Supersonic Transport. gr. 5 up. 1965. Putnam. Taylor, J. W. Great Moments in Flying. Il. by H. A. Johns. gr. 5-10. *Roy. Wells, Robert. What Does a Test Pilot Do. gr. 3-6. 1969. Dodd. . WOnders of Flight. gr. 4—6. 1962. Dodd. Apollo Project Caidin, Martin. By Apollo to the Moon. gr. 5-9. 1963. Dutton. Chester, Michael and McClinton, David. Moon: Target for AEOllOo gr. 5.7. 19630 Putnam. Coombs, Charles. Project Apollo: Mission to the Moon. gr. 4-6. 1965. Morrow. Gurney, Gene. Americans to the Moon: The Story of Project Apollo. gr. 549. '1970. Random. Hill, Robert W. What the Moon Astronauts Will Do All Day: The Official Plan oTPrpject Ap0110. gr. 648. 1963. JOhn Day. Kay, Terence. Target: Moon. gr. 4-8. Bobbs. Newell, Peter. Rocket Book. gr. 5-9. Tuttle. Simon, Tony. Moon Explorers. gr. 4-6. 1970. Four Winds School Book SerVice. 113 Soule, Gardner. Gemini and Apollo. gr. 5-8. 1964. Haw- thorn. Sutton, Felix and Maurer, Alvin. Conquest on the Moon. Il. by Raulmina Mora. gr. 3-8. 1970. G&D. Artificial Satellites Adler, Irving. Seeing the Earth from Space. gr. 6-9. rev. ed. 1962. John Day. Asimov, Isaac. Satellites in Outer Space. Il. by John Pol- green. gr. 3-5. Random. Bergaust, Erik. Saturn Story. gr. 4—6. 1962. Putnam. . Space Stations. gr. 4—6. 1962. Putnam. Branley, Franklyn M. Book of Satellites. Il. by Leonard Kessler. gr. 2-5. rev. ed} l970. T Y Crowell. Chester, Michael. Robots in Space. gr. 5-7. 1965. Putnam. Gottlieb, William P. Space Flight and How It Works. gr. 5- 7. 1964. Doubleday. Hendrickson, Walter B. Jr. Satellites and What They Do. gr. 4-8. 1963. Bobbs. Rosenfeld, Sam. Ask Me a uestion about Rockets, Satellites and Space Stations. I .’by James E. Barry. gr. 5-8. 1970. Harvey. Ross, Frank Jr. Model Satellites and Spacecraft: Their Stories and How to Make Them. gr. 2-7. ’1969. ‘Ldthrop. Astronautics/Astronauts Bendick, Jeanne. First Book of Space Travel. gr. 3-5. rev. ed. 1969. Watts. Bergaust, Erik. Illustrated Space Encyclopedia. gr. 5-lO. 1965. Putnam. Branley, Franklyn M. Book of Astronauts for You. ll. by Leonard Kessler. gr. 3-6. dl963. T Y Crowell. Colby, Carroll B. Astronauts in Training. gr. 3 up. l969. Coward. 114 De Leeuw, Hendrik. FronFlying Horse to Man on the Moon: History of Flight from Its Earliest Beginnings to the Conquest of Space. gr. 6-10. 1963. St. Martin. Dwiggins, Don. Voices in the Sky: The Story of Communica- tions SatelIites. gr. 5 up. I969. GOIden Gate. Feravolo, Rocco V. Around the World in Ninety Minutes: The Journey of Two Astronauts. ’II. by William Steinel. Goodwin, Harold L. All about Rockets and Space Flight. Il. by John Polgreen. gr. 569. *1970. Random. Hendrickson, Walter B. Jr. Pioneering in Space. gr. 4-8. 1961. Bobbs. . What's Going on in Space. Il. by James Heugh. gr. 2-51 9I969. Harvey. Hill, Robert W. ‘What Colonel Glenn Did All Day. gr. 6—8. 1962. John Day. Hyde, Wayne. Men Behind the Astronauts. gr. 5 up. 1965. Dodd. Lukashok, Alvin. Communications Satellites: How They Work. gr. 5.80 196:. futnam. Mueller, Robert E. E es in S ace: S acecraft Views of the Universe. gr. 528. I966. John Day. Newlon, Clarke. Famous Pioneers in Space. gr. 6—10. 1963. Dodd. . Scharff, Robert. Into Space with the Astronauts. gr. 4-9. G&D. Shelton, William R. Fligmts of the Astronauts. II. by Robert Curran. gr. 6-10. 1963. Little. Stambler, Irwin. Project Gemini. gr. 5 up. l964. Putnam. Tharp, Ed ar. Giants of Space. Il. by Charles Gottlieb. gr. up. rev. ed. I970. G&D. Wells, Robert. What Does an Astronaut Do. gr. 6—10. 1961. DOdd. 115 Automobile Industry/Automobiles Barton, Kent 0. Tourist Tips and Hints. gr. 6 up. 1964. Naylor. Braverman, Robert and Newman, Bill. Here Is Your Hobby: Slot Car Racing. gr. 6-9. rev. ed. 1969. Putnam. Buehr, Walter. Automobiles Past and Present. gr. 5-8. 1968. Morrow. Butler, Roger. Let's Go to an Automobile Factory. Il. by R. Bartram. gr.P4-6. ’1961. 'Putnam. Felsen, Henry G. Here Is Your Hobby: Car Customizing. gr. 5 up. 1965. Putnam. Gilbert, Miriam. Henry Ford. gr. 4-6. l962. Piper. Hill, Frank. Automobile: How It Came,_Grew, and Has Changed Our Lives. gr. 6910. 1970. Hale. Jackson, Robert B. Gasoline Buggy of the Duryea Brothers. (Photos). gr. 5&8. 1968} walck. . Steam Cars of the Stanley Twins. gr. 4-6. 1969. WaIck. Lent, Henry B. Automobile -_U.S.A.: Its Impact on People's ‘Lives and the National Economy. gr. 5’up. 1968. Dutton. . What Car Is That. Il. by John Raynes. gr. 2-5. I969. Dutton. Montgomery, Elizabeth R. Henry Ford: Automotive Pioneer. 11. by Russell Hoover. gr. 4. 1969. Garrard. Nordner, William. How to Build Model Cars. gr. 5 up. 1969. Meredith. Radlauer, Ed. Custom Cars. gr. 4-9. 1969. Bowmar. . Dune Buggies. gr. 4—7. 1968. Bowmar. . Slot Car Racing. gr. 4-9. 1967. Bowmar. Rowland, thn. Rolls-Royce Men. gr. 6 up. 1970. Roy. Sobel, Robert and Sarnoff, Paul. Automobile Makers. gr. 6-8. 1969. Putnam. 116 Yerkow, Charles. Automobiles: How They Work. gr. 5-9. 1965. Putnam. Bicycles/Bicycling Carter, Ernest F. Boys' Book of Cycles and Motorcycles. 99:1" 6‘10. Roy. Macfarlan. Allan A. Boy's Book of Bikin . Il. by Paulette Macfarlan. gr. 5 up. 1968. Stackpole. Boatbuilding/Boats and Boating Bendick, Jeanne. Sea So Big, Ship So Small. gr. 4—6. Rand. Buehr, Walter. Galleys and Galleons. gr. 4-7. 1964. Put- nam. Carse, Robert. Early American Boats. Il. by Hans Zander. gr. 4-6. 1968. World Pub. Garret, Maxwell R. Science-Hobby Book of Boating. gr. 5-10. 1968. Lerner Pubns. Hayes, Will. Good Times on Boats. Il. by H. Luhrs. gr. 3- 6. 1963. Melmont. Klein, David. Be innin with Boats. Il. by Harvey G. Smith. gr. 5 up. l962. T Y CroweII. Lesko, George. You and Your Boat. gr. 6 up. 1964. Hale. Osborne, Walter. Tug, Tow, and Barge: Busiest Boats Afloat. gr. 3-5. 1969. VanN—Rein. Pearsall, William. Junior Skipper. gr. 5-11. 1965. Nor- ton. Weiss, Harvey. Sailing Small Boats. gr. 5-9. 1967. W R Scott. Canals Andrist, Ralph K. and Goodrich, Carter. Erie Canal. gr. 4- 8. 1964. Har-Row. 117 Lauber, Patricia. Changing the Face of North America: Chal- lenge of the St. Lawrence Seaway. gr. 6e8. rev. ed. 0 Owardo Sherman, Diane and Newman, Shirlee P. About Canals. Il. Carriages and Carts Dines, Glen. Bull Wagon. gr. 4-6. 1963. Macmillan. . Overland Stage. gr. 4—6. 1967. Macmillan. Richards, Kenneth. Story of the Conesroga Wagon. Il. by James Temple. gr. 4—8. 1970. Childrens. Voight, Virginia. Stagecoach Days and Stagecoach Kings. gr 0 3" 6 o 19 70 o Garrard I Engines Limburg, Peter R. First Book of Engines. gr. 5—8. 1969. Watt S 0 Meyer, Jerome S. Engines. Il. by John Teppich. gr. 4-7. 1962. WOrld Pub. Roberson, Paul. Engines. gr. 3-5. 1965. John Day. Weiss, Harvey. Motors and Engines and How Theerork. gr. Freight and Freightage Buehr, Walter. Freight Trains of the Sky. gr. 3-7. 1969. Putnam. Burleigh, David R. Piggyback. Il. by Ben Abril. gr. 2-4. 1962. Fbllett. Helicopters Adwill, James. Helicopters In Action. gr. 5 up. 1969. Meredith Press. Hawthorn. 118 Cooke, David C. How Helicopters Are Made. gr. 3-6. 1968. DOdd. Delear, Frank J. New World of Helicopters. gr. 3-9. 1967. Dodd. Glines, Carroll V. Jr. Helicopter Rescues. gr. 5-10. 1966. Four Winds. Knight, Clayton S. Big Book of Real Helicopters. gr. 4-6. 1963. 3&0. Lewellen, John. Helicopters: How They WOrk. gr. 4-8. 1965. Hale. Motoroycles Coombs, Charles. Motorcycling. gr. 4-6. 1968. Morrow. Radlauer, Ed. Motorcycles. gr. 4-9. 1967. Bowmar. Outer Space--Exploration Asimov, Isaac. Environments out There. gr. 5-10. 1968. Abelard. Halacy. D. S. Jr. Colonization of the Moon. gr. 5-9. 1969. VanN—Rein. Holmes, David C. Search for Life on Other Worlds. gr. 6 up. 1966. Sterling. Smith, Norman F. Uphill to Mars, Downhill to Venus. gr. 4- 6. 1970. Little. Stambler, Irwin. Project Viking: Space Conquest Beyond the Moon. gr. 5 up. 1969. Putnam. Verral, Charles S. Go: The Story of Outer Space. Il. by Lewis Zacks. l962. ’P-H. Railroads Ackerman, John H. Mountain-Climbing Trains. gr. 6-9. 1969. Washburn. Braude, Michael. Richard Learns About Railroading. gr. )- 6. Denison. 119 Burt, Olive w. Story of American Railroads and How They Helped Build a Nation. gr. 4-8. 1969. John Day. Carter, Ernest F. Let's Look at Trains. Il. by Kenneth E. Carter. gr. 4-7.‘Il968. A. Whitman. Colby, C. B. Railroads U.S.A.: ‘Steam Trains to Super Trains. gr. 3 up. 91970. Coward. Day, John. Trains. gr. 5 up. 1970. G&D. Duenewald, Doris, ed. Big Book of Real Trains. gr. 2-7. 1970. G&D. Elting, Mary. All Aboard. gr. 4-6. 1970. Four Winds. . Trains at Work. gr. 3-6. 1962. Harvey. Harvey, Derek G. Monorails. gr. 5 up. 1965. Putnam. McCague, James. When the Rails Ran West. gr. 3-6. 1967. Garrard. Rosenfield, Bernard. Let's Go to Build the First Transcon- tinental Railroad. gr. 4-6. 1963. Putnam. Scharff, Robert. How and Why Wonder Book of Railroads. Il. by George Zaffo. gr. 4-6. 1964} Wonder. Thomas, David S. Great Moments with Trains. Il. by E. w. Fenton. gr. 5;lO. Roy. Walker, Charles. ‘Progress on Rails. Il. by J. Lathey. gr. 4-6. 1965. St. Martin. White, Leslie T. Scale Model Railroading. gr. 5 up. 1964. Nelson. Williams, G. Walton. Best Friend. Il. by John Kollock. gr. 4-6. 1969. Berg. Zaffo, George J. Big Book of_§gal Trains. Il. by E. Cam- eron. gr. 4-6. 1963. G&D. Shipbuilding/Shipping/Ships Bethers, Ray. Ships of Adventure. gr. 4—6. 1961. Has- tings. Bowman, Gerald. Let's Look at Ships. Il. by E. Cumberland Owen. gr. 4-7. #1965. A Whitman. TT‘ 120 Carse, Robert. Early American Boats. Il. by Hans Zander. gr. 4-6. 1968. World Pub. . Towline. gr. 5—9. Norton. . Great Lakes Story. gr. 5-8. 1968. Norton. Carter, Katharine. True Books of Ships and Seaports. Il. by A. Warheit. gr. 2e4. 1963. Childrens. Cooke, David G. How Atomic Submarines Are Made. gr. 4-6. rev. ed. 1967. Dodd. Cosgrave, John 0. America Sails the Seas. gr. 4-6. 1962. HM. Davis, Charlotte and Trainor, Lois M. Ports of California. gr. 4-8. 1970. Elk Grove. Goldsmith-Carter, George. Sailing Ships and Sailing Craft. gr- 5 up. 1970. G&D. Halacy. D. S. Jr. Shipbuilders: From Clipper Ships to Sub- marines to Hovercraft. gr. 6-10} 1966. Lippincdtt. Huntington, Harriet E. Cargoes. gr. 4—6. 1964. Doubleday. Hurd, Edith T. Sailers, Whalers gnd Steamers. Il. by Lyle Galloway. gr. 466. 1964. Sunset. Lane. Lozier, Herb. Model Boat Building. gr. 6 up. 1970. Ster- ling. McCague, James. When Clipper Ships Ruled the Seas. II. by Victor Mays. gr. 3-6. 1968. Garrard?— Odell, Carol. Liner Goes to Sea. gr. 2-5. 1968. Tri- Ocean. Penry-Jones, Jack. Boys' Book of Ships and Shipping. gr. 6-10. Roy. Scharff, Robert. How and Why Wonger Book of Ships. Il. by Robert Doremus. gr. 4-6. 91963. Wonder. Uhl, Melvin J. About Cargo Ships. gr. 3-6. 1962. Melmont. Vince, J. N. T. Ships and Shipbuilding. Il. by Don Caring and Kathleen Cell. #1966. Oxford, Blackwell. Wblfe, Louis. Ships of the Deep. gr. 4-9. 1970. Putnam. Zim, Herbert S. and Skelly, James R. Cargo Ships. Il. by Richard Cuffari. gr. 4—6. 1970. Morrow. 121 Steam Engines/Steamboats Ewen, William H. Days of the Steamboats. gr. 4-8. 1967. Parents. McCague, James. Mississippi Steamboat Days. Il. by Paul Erma. gr. 3-60 E670 Garrard. Submarines Bate, Nbrman. What a Wonderful Machine Is the Submarine. gr. K-5. 1961. Scribner. Carlisle, Madelyn and Norman. About Submarines. Il. by Roger Herrington. gr. 2—5. 1969. Melmont. Gilmore, Horace H. Model Submarines for Beginners. gr. 5 up. 1962. liar-ROW. Transportation Aylesworth, Thomas G. Traveling into Tomorrow: Transporta- tion for the Future. gr. 5 up. 1970. World Pub. Chilton, Shirley et al. Economics for Young People: Book 4: How We Learnedpo Move About. Il.‘byN. Kay Stevenson andtKathleen McCarthy. gr. 4-6. 1970. Elk Grove. Colby, Carroll B. Shi s of Commerce: Liners, Tankers, Freighters,lFloatingGrain Elevators, Tugboats. gr. 5— 7 . I967. Coward . Coombs, Charles I. Wheels, Wings,,and Water: The Story of Cargo Transport. gr. 6410.9Il963. World Pub. Dalgliesh, Alice. America Travels. gr. 4—6. rev. ed. 1961. Macmillan. Elting, Mary. Trucks at WOrk. gr. 3-6. 1965. Harvey. Friskey, Margaret. Caveman to Spaceman. Il. by M. Gehr. gr. 4 up. 1961. Childrens. Gramet, Charles. Highways across the Waterways. gr. 5-9. 1967. Abelard. lbmma, Elizabeth and Hunter, Vickie. Stagecoach Days. gr. 4-6. 1963. Sunset. Lane. 122 Hennessey, Roger A. Transport. gr. 5 up. 1966. Verry. Hornby, John. True Book of Travel by Water. Il. by Virginia Smith. gr. 2-5} 1969. Childrens. Howard, Robert W. Wagonmen. gr. 5 up. 1964. Putnam. James, Leonard F. Following the Frontier: _gmerican Trans- portation in the 19th Century. Il. by Raymond Houlihan. gr. 4-6. 91968. HarBraceJ. Jupo, Frank. No Place Too Far the Story of Travel through the Ages. gr. 4462 19 . Dodd. Kohn, Bernice. Look-It-np Book of Transportation. Il. by George Tuckwéll. gr. 3-5. 91968. Random. m_ Leavitt, Jerome E. By Land, by Sea, by Air: Story of Trans- portation. Il. by Lili Rethi. gr. 4—7. ’1969. Putnam. Lewellan, John. You and Transportation. 11. by R. Glaubke. gr. 5-10. 1965. Childrens. Morris, R. W. Transport, Trade, and Travel through the Ages. Il. by Dorothy H. RaIphs. gr. 5;8. Transatlantic. Reck, Franklin M. Romance of Amgrican Transportation. gr. 5 up. rev. ed. 1962. T Y Crowell. Ress, Etta S. Transportation. gr. 5—8. 1967. Creative Ed. Ross, Frank Jr. Transportation of Tomorrow. gr. 6 up. 1968. Lothrop. Slobodkin, Louis. Read about the Busman. gr. 3 up. 1967. Watts. Talmadge, Marian and Gilmore, Iris. Let's Go to a Truck Terminal. Il. by A. Micale. gr. 3-5. ’1964. Putnam. Tannenbaum, Beulah and Stillman, Myra. Traffic Jam: City Transportation. gr. 3-7. 1970. McGraw. Trucks Behrens, June. Truck Cargo. gr. 3-8. 1970. Elk Grove. Stevens, Leonard A. Trucks That Haul by Night. 11. by JOhn Kaufmann. gr. 1-5. ’1966. T Y Crowell. Zaffo, George J. Big Book of Real Trucks. Il. by Elizabeth Cameron. gr. 1-5. 1964. G&D. 123 me, Herbert S. and Skelly, James R. Trucks. Il. by Stan Biernacki. gr. 4-6. 1970. Morrow. Tugboats Osborne, Walter. Tug, Tow, and Barge: Busiest Boats Afloat. Waterways McCall, Edith. Pioneers on Earl Waterways. Il. by Carol Rogers. gr. 348. ‘1961. hiIdrens. Wattenberg, Ben. Busy Waterways: Story of America's Inland Water Transportatibn. gr. 458. 1964. John Day. 124 Communication-~Graphic Books McCain, Murray. Books. Il. by John Alcorn. gr. 3-9. 3&8. COIOI‘ Prints 1 Pattemore, A. W. Printmaking Activities for the Classroom. gr. 6 up. 1966. Davis Mass. Stroese, Susanne. Potato Printing. gr. 5-10. 1968. Ster- ling. Graphic Methods Lowenstein, Dyno. First Book of Graphs. gr. 5-7. 1969. Watts. Lettering Hart, Norman A. Young Letterer: A How-It-Is-Done Book of Design. gr. 5—7. ’I968. Warne. w Ames, Lee J. Draw, Draw, Draw. gr. 5-9. Doubleday. Zaidenberg, Arthur. How to Draw Costumes and Clothes. gr. . How to Draw Langscapes,,Seascapes,,and City- scapes. gr. 5110, 1963. Abelard. . How to Draw Motors, Machines, and Tools. gr. 5- I0. 1970. Abelard. . How to Draw People at Wbrk. gr. 5-10. 1970. ABelard. . How to Draw Ships and Trains, Cars and Airplanes. g’!‘ o 5.16. 19 61 o ABeTa—PJ. 125 . How to Draw with Pen and Brush. gr. 6-9. 1965. Vanguard. Linoleum Block Printing/Lithography Fisher, Leon E. The Printers. gr. 4 up. 1965. Watts. Hirsch, S. Carl. Printing from a Stone. gr. 5-9. Moving Picture Industry/Moving Pictures Bendick, Jean and Robert. Filming Works Like This. gr. 3- 6. 1970. McGraw. Jennings, Gary. Movie Book. gr. 6 up. 1963. Dial. Manchell, Frank. Movies and How They Are Made. Il. by Writing Cartner, William C. Young Calligrapher. gr. 5-9. 1969. Warne. Newspapers Fleming, Thomas. Behind the Headlines. gr. 4-8. 1970. Doubleday. Photography Forsee, Aylesa. Famous Photographers: Excellence in Pro- fessional Photography as Seen through the Lives and works of FiVe Masters. gr. 6*up. 1968. Macrae. Kohn, Eugene. Photography: A Manual for Shutterbugs. Il. by Peter P.9Plasencia. Photos by’Pedro A. Noa. gr. 3-70 1965. P-H. Mergendahl, T. E. Jr. What Does a Photographer Do. Il. by Sheldon Ramsdell. gr. 5 up. 1965. Dodd. 126 Printing Ahlberg, Gudrun and Jarneryd, 0. Block and Silk Screen Printing. gr. 5 up. Sterling. Dean, Elizabeth. Printing: Tool of Freedom. Il. by Erwin SChaChneI‘. gr. 5.70 19640 P‘Ho Lieberman, J. Benjamin. Printing as a Hobby. gr. 5 up. rev. ed. 1965. SterIing. Simon, Irving B. Story of Printing. gr. 6-9. 1965. Har- vey. Map Drawing/Maps Carlisle, Norman and Madelyn. True Book of Ma 3. I1. by Robert O'Malley. gr. 2-4. l969. ChiIdrens. Estep, Irene. Good Times with Maps. Il. by R. Smith. gr. 2-5. 1962. Melmont. Frazee, Steve. Where Are You: All About Maps. gr. 5 up. 1968. Hawthorn. Marsh, Susan. All About Maps and Mapmaking. gr. 5-9. 1963. Random. Moore, Patrick and Brinton, Henry. Exploring Maps. Il. by Cyril Deakins. gr. 4-6. 1967. Hawthorn. Rhodes, Dorothy. How to Read a City Map. gr. 3-5. 1967. Elk Grove. . How to Read a Highway Map. II. by Harry Garo. gr. 4 up. 1970. Elk Grove. Schere, Monroe. Story of Maps. Il. by George Bakacs. gr. 3-70 19690 P’Ho Tannenbaum, Beulah and Stillman, Myra. Understanding Maps. Il. by Adolph E. Bratman. gr. 5 up. rev. ed. 1969. McGraw. 127 Signs and Symbols Helfman, Elizabeth S. Signs and Symbols Around the World. Rothman, Joel and Tremain, Ruthven. Secrets with Ciphers and Codes. gr. 4-6. 1969. Macmillan. 128 Communication--Electronic Communication Adler, Irving and Ruth. Communications. gr. 3-5. 1967. John Day. Brown, Antony. Great Ideas in Communications. gr. 6 up. 1969. D. White. Colby, Carroll B. Communications: How Man Talks to Man Across Land, Sea andISpace. gr. 5171 71964. Coward. Osmond, Edward. From Drumbeat to Tickertape. gr. 5-10. 1961. Hale. Sullivan, George. New World of Communications. gr. 4-9. 1969. Dodd. Wise, William F. From Scrolls to Satellites. 1970. Par- ents. Electricity/Electronics Adler, Irving. Electricity in Your Life. gr. 5-8. 1965. John Day. Braude, Michael. Larry Learns about Computers. Il. by Howard Lindberg. gr. 5-6. Denison. Buehr, Walter. Wonder WOrker, the Story of Electricity. gr. 4-6. 1961. ’Morrow. Clark, Mary Lou. You and Electronics. Il. by R. Spring. gr. 6 up. 1967. Childrens. Cook, JOseph J. Electronic Brain: How It works. gr. 5 up. 19 68 0 P1113113!“ a Cooper, B. K. Electricit at Work. Il. by K. M. Sibley. gr. 5-9- I964. Dufour. David, Eugene. Electricity in Your Life. Il. by Aliki. gr. 4—7. 1965. F—H. Epstein, Sam and Beryl W. First Book of Electricity. Il. by R. G. Amann. gr. 4-6T7 rev. ed. 1966. Watts. 129 JOnes, Weyman. Computer: The Mind Stretcher. gr. 5-8. 1969. Dial. Keen, Martin. How and Why_Wonder Book of Electronics. Il. Kinsler, Doris and Stephen. Computers: Machines with a Memory. gr. 3 up. 1968. Hawthorn. Kohn, Bernice. Computers at Your Service. Il. by Aliki. gr. 3-60 1962. P'Ho McCaig, Robert. Electric Power in America. gr. 6—8. 1970. Putnam. Meadow, Charles T. Story of Computers. Il. by Anne Lewis. gr. 5-8. 1970. Harvey. Michel, Jehn. Small Motors You Can Make. Il. by Fred Mit- tlemano gr 0 4‘6. 19 63. VanN.Re in. Morgan, Alfred. First Electrical Book for Boys. gr. 5-9. 3rd ed. 1963. Scribner. Morgan, Bryan. Electrons at Work. II. by Stuart Herriot- anitho a. 3.;. I§6§0 SEO martin. Neal, Charles D. Safe and Simple Projects wiph Electricity. Il. by Robert Borja. gr. 4 up. 1965T’ Childrens. Notkin, Jerome J. and Gulkin, Sidney. How and Why Wonder gbok of Electricity. Il. by Robert Patterson and CT Bernard. gr. 446} Wonder. Pine, Tillie S. and Levine, JOseph. Electricity and How We Use It. gr. 3-5. 1962. McGraw. Rosenfeld, Sam. Magic of Electricity. gr. 4-6. 1963. Lothrop. Seymour, Alta H. Charles Steinmetz. Il. by Huntley Brown. gr. 5 up. 1965. Follett. Shepherd, Walter. Electricity. gr. 3-6. 1964. John Day. Sootin, Harry. Experiments with Electricity. Il. by Julio Granda. gr 0 " o 69 0 Norton 0 Worcester, Roland. Electronics. gr. 5 up. 1970. G&D. Wohlrabe, Raymond A. Exploring Electrostatics. gr. 5 up. 1965. Wbrld Pub. 130 Lasers Hehrich, Richard B. Jr. and Voran, Dessel. Atomic Light: Lasers What They Are and How They work. gr. 6 up. I967. Sterling. Magnetism/Magnets Adler, Irving and Ruth. Magnets. gr. 3-5. 1966. John Day. Beiser, Germaine. Story of the Earth's Magnetic Field. Il. by JOseph M. Sedacca. gr. 6-10. 71964. Dutton. Catherall, E. A. and Holt, P. N. workin with Ma ets. Il. by Nicholas Quilliam. gr. 4—8. I969. K Whitman. Freeman, Mae. Book of Magnets. Il. by Norman Bridwell. gr. 1"“. 19 o Fbur W ndSo Keen, Martin. How and Why Wonder Book of Magnets and Ma - netism. II. By George Zaffo. gr. 4-6. 1963. WOnder. Knight, David C. Let's Find Out about Magnets. Il. by Don Miller. gr. 4. 1967. Watts. Lieberg, Owen S. Wonders of Magnets and Magnetism. gr. 3- 9. 1967. Dodd. Muller, Sonia. Magnets. gr. 4-9. 1970. Putnam. Podendorf, Illa. True Book of Magnets and Electricity. Il. by Robert Borja. gr. 225. 1961. 'Childrens. Sacks, Raymond. Magnets. Il. by S. Martin. gr. 2-4. l967. Coward. Sootin, Harry. Experiments with Magnetism. Il. by Julio Granda. gr. 5'90 1968. Norton. Valens, Evans. Magnet. gr. 4—8. 1964. Hale. , and Abbot, Bernice. Magnet. gr. 5 up. 1964. world Pub. Victor, Edward. Magnets. Il. by William Sayles. gr. 2—4. 1962. Follett. 131 Radio Daddy-O-Daylie and Smith, Emmett. You're on the Air. gr. 5 up. 1970. Childrens. Wels, Byron G. Here Is Your Hobby: Amateur Radio. gr. 5- 11. 1968. Putnam. Telecommunication/Telephone Brinton, Henry. Telephone. gr. 4—6. 1962. John Day. Kohn, Bernice. Telephones. gr. 2-4. 1967. Coward. Meshover, Leonard. You Visit a Post Office-Telephone Com- Bally. gr. 1-50 BenefiCo Schneider, Herman and N. Your Telephone and How It Works. a. 5-80 3rd ed. 196 :. MCGI‘aW. Shay, Arthur. What Happens When You Make a Telephone. gr. 2-5. 19680 Reilly & 1890 Television Coombs, Charles I. Window on the World: The Story of Tele- vision Production. gr.‘4;9. 1965. World Pub. Cooke, David C. Behind the Scenes in Television. gr. 4-6. rev. ed. 1967. Dodd. David, Eugene. Television and How It Works. Il. by Aliki. 931‘. 3-6. 19620 I’Ho Epstein, Sam and Beryl. First Book of News. gr. 4-6. 1965. Watts. Harvey, Tad. Television: How It Works. (Photos). gr. 5 up. 1968. Putnam. Kerman, Stephen D. Color Television and How It Works. gr. 5-10. rev. ed.‘l968T’ Sterling. Murray, Joan. News. Photos by George Krause. gr. 5 up. l968. McGraw. Stoddard, Edward. First Book of Television. gr. 5-7. rev. ed. 1970. Watts. 132 Ultrasonic Waves Freeman, Ira M. Science of Sound and Ultrasonics. gr. 5—8. 1969. Random. Meyer, Jerome S. Sound and Its Reproduction. Il. by Stein- Windle, Eric. Sounds You Cannot Hear. Il. by John Kaufmann. gr‘o 3’70 19630 P-Hc 133 Consumption Advertising Braude, Michael. Andy Learns About Advertising. Il. by Howard Lindberg. gr. 3—6. Denison. Hall, Babette. Public Relations, Publicity and Promotion. gr. 3-5. 1970. WaShburn. Pompian, Richard 0. First Book of Advertising. gr. 5 up. 1970. Watts. Consumption--Economics MarcRosenblum. Economics of the Consumer. gr. 5-11. 1969. Lerner Pubns. Markets Erdoes, Richard. Peddlersand Vendors Around the World. gr. 3 up. 1968. McGraw. r?- APPENDIX C PUBLISHER INDEX A Whitman Abelard Abingdon Arco Astor-Honor Atheneum Basic Benefic Berg Bobbs APPENDIX C Publisher Index Addison Wesley Pub. Co. Reading, Mass. 0186? Imprint: Addisonian (Addisonian Press) Albert Whitman & Co. 560 W. Lake St. Chicago, Ill. 60606 Abelard-Schuman, Ltd. Div. of Intext Educational Publishers 6 W. 57th St. New York, N.Y. 10019 Abingdon Press 201 Eighth Ave. S. Nashville, Tenn. 37203 Arco Pub. Co., Inc. 219 Park Ave. S. New York, N.Y. 10003 Astor-Henor, Inc. Div. of International Communications, Inc. 205 E. 42nd St. New York, N.Y. 10017 Atheneum Pubs. 122 E. 42nd St. New York, N.Y. 1001? Basic Books, Inc., Publishers 404 Park Ave. S. New York, N.Y. 10016 Benefic Press Pub. Div. of Beckley-Cardy Co. 10300 W. Roosevelt Rd. Westchester, Ill. 60153 Norman S. Berg ”Sellanraa" Dunwoody, Ga. 30338 Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. Subs. of Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc. 4300 W. 62nd St. Indianapolis, Ind. 46268 134 135 Bowmar Bowmar 622 Rodier Dr. Glendale, Calif. 91201 Bradbury Pr Bradbury Press, Inc. Subsidiary of Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 07632 Branford Charles T. Branford Co. 28 Union St. Newton Centre, Mass. 02159 Childrens Children's Press, Inc. Div. of Regensteiner Publishing Enterprises, Inc. 1224 W. Van Buren St. Chicago, Ill. 6060? Chilton Chilton Book Co. 401 Walnut St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19106 Coward Coward-McCann, Inc. 200 Madison Ave. New York, N.Y. 10016 Creative Ed Creative Educational Society, Inc. 515 N. Front St. Mankato, Minn. 56001 Criterion Criterion Books, Inc. Div. of Intext Educational Publishers 6 W. 57th St. New York, N.Y. 10019 D White David White Co. 60 E. 55th St. New York, N.Y. 10022 Davis Mass Davis Publications, Inc. 19-70 Printers Bldg. worcester, Mass. 01608 Denison T. S. Denison & Co., Inc. 5100 W. 82nd St. Minneapolis, Minn. 55431 Dial The Dial Press Sub. of Dell Pub. Co., Inc. 750 Third Ave. New York, N.Y. 10017 136 Dodd Dodd, Mead & Co. 79 Madison Ave. New York, N.Y. 10016 Doubleday Doubleday & Co., Inc. 277 Park Ave. New York, N.Y. 10017 Orders to 501 Franklin Ave., Garden City, N.Y. 11530 Imprint: Anch (Anchor Books) Zenith. (On Doubleday entries, the letter "a" follow- ing the price signifies that the cost of the library binding is $0.75 net higher than the cost of the trade edition.) Dufour Dufour Editions, Inc. Chester Springs, Pa. 19425 Dutton E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc. 201 Park Ave. S. New York, N.Y. 10003 Elk Grove Elk Grove Press 17420 Ventura Blvd. Encino, Calif. 91316 Follett Follett Pub. Co. 201 N. Wells St. Chicago, Ill. 60606 Four Winds Four Winds Press Scholastic Book Services Div. of Scholastic Magazines, Inc. 50 W. 44th St. New York, N.Y. 10036 G&D Grosset & Dunlap, Inc. 51 Madison Ave. New York, N.Y. 10010 Imprints: Sign (Signature Books), Tempo (Tempo Books), UL (Universal Library) Garrard Garrard Pub. Co. 2 Overhill Rd. Scarsdale, N.Y. 10583 All Orders to: 1607 N. Market St., Champaign, Ill. 61820 Golden Gate Golden Gate Junior Books Div. of Nourse Pub. Co. Box 398 San Carlos, Calif. 94070 Golden Pr Hale Har-Row HarBraceJ Harvey Hastings Hawthorn JOhn Day Knopf 137 Golden Press, Inc. Div. of Western Pub. Co., Inc. 850 Third Ave. New York, N.Y. 10022 E. M. Hale & Co., Inc. 1201 S. Hastings Way Eau Claire, Wis. 54701 Harper & Row, Pubs. 49 E. 33rd St. New York, N.Y. 10016 (Orders to Keystone Industrial Pk., Scranton, Pa. 18512) Imprints: HarpT (Harper Trade, Books), PL (Perennial Library). Torch (Torch Books), HarpR Harcourt Brace Jbvanovich, Inc. 757 Third Ave. New York, N.Y. 10017 Imprints: HPL (Harbrace Paperback Library), Voy B (Voyager Books) Harvey House, Inc. 5 S. Buckhout St. Irvington-on-Hudson, N.Y. 10533 Hastings House Pubs. 10 E. 40th St. New York, N.Y. 10016 Hawthorn Books, Inc. 70 Fifth Ave. New York, N.Y. 10011 Houghton Mifflin Co. 2 Park St. Boston, Mass. 0210? Educational Div.: 110 Tremont St., Boston, Mass. 0210? Imprints: Piper (Piper Books), RivEd (Riverside Editions) RivSL The John Day Co., Inc. Div. of Intext Educational Pubs. 25? Park Ave. S. New York, N.Y. 10010 Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Subs. of Random Hbuse Random House Bldg. 201 E. 50th St. New York, N.Y. 10022 138 Lane Lane Magazine & Book Co. Menlo Park, Calif. 94025 Lantern Lantern Press, Inc., Publishers 257 Park Ave. S. New York, N.Y. 10010 Lerner Pubns Lerner Publications Co. 241 First Ave. North Minneapolis, Minn. 55401 Lion Lion Press 52 Park Ave. New York, N.Y. 10016 Lippincott J. B. Lippincott Co. E. Washington Square Philadelphia, Pa. 19105 Little Little, Brown & Co. 34 Beacon St. Boston, Mass. 02106 (On Little Brown entries, the letter "a" fol- lowing the price signifies that the cost of the library binding is $0.60 net higher than the cost of the trade edition.) Lothrop Lothrop, Lee & Shephard Co. Div. of William Morrow & Co., Inc. 105 Madison Ave. New York, N.Y. 10016 Orders to William Morrow and Co., Inc. Att: Order Dept., 6 Henderson Dr., West Caldwell, N.J. 07006 McGraw McGraw-Hill Book Co. Div. of McGraw-Hill Inc. 330 W. 42nd St. New York, N.Y. 10036 Macmillan Macmillan Co. Subs. of Crowell Collier & Macmillan Inc. 866 Third Ave. New York, N.Y. 10022 Imprints: Collier (Collier Books), CCPR, Acorn, Dove Macrae Macrae Smith Co. 225 South 15th St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19102 Melmont Melmont Publishers (Subs. of Children's Press) Orders to Children's Press, 1224 W. Van Buren St., Chicago, Ill. 60612 Meredith Messner Morrow Natural Hist Naylor Nelson Norton P—H Pantheon Parents Praeger 139 Meredith Press Orders to Hawthorn Books, Inc., 70 5th Ave., New York, N.Y. 10011 Julian Messner, Inc. Orders to Simon & Schuster, 1 W. 39th St., New York, N.Y. 10018 William Morrow & Co., Inc. Wholly-Owned Subs. of Scott, Foresman & Co. 105 Madison Ave. New York, N.Y. 10016 Orders to 6 Hendricks Dr., West Caldwell, N.J. 07006 Natural History Press Orders to Doubleday & Co., Inc., 501 Franklin Ave., Garden City, N.Y. 11530 Naylor Co. 1015 Culebra Ave. Box 1838 San Antonio, Texas 78201 Thomas Nelson, Inc. Copewood & Davis Sts. Camden, N.J. 08103 W. W. Norton & Co. 55 Fifth Ave. New York, N.Y. 10003 Orders to Grosset & Dunlap, Inc., 51 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10010 Prentice-Hall, Inc Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 07632 Pantheon Books Div. of Random House, Inc. 201 E. 50th St. New York. N.Y. 10022 Parents Magazine Press Div. of Parents Magazine Enterprises, Inc. 52 Vanderbilt Ave. New Ybrk, N.Y. 10017 Praeger Publishers, Inc. Subs. of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 111 Fourth Ave. New YOrk, N.Y. 10003 Putnam Rand Random Reilly & Lee Roy S&S Scribner Seabury Silver St Martin Stackpole 140 G. P. Putnam's Sons 200 Madison Ave. New York, N.Y. 10016 Imprint: Cap (Capricorn Books) Rand McNally & Co. P.O. Box 7600 Chicago, Ill. 60680 Random House, Inc. Subs. of RCA Corp. 201 E. 50th St. New York, N.Y. 10022 Orders to Random House, Order Dept., West- minster, Md. 21157 Imprint: Vin (Vintage Trade Books) Reilly & Lee Books Subs. of Henry Regnery Co. 114 W. Illinois St. Chicago, Ill. 60610 Roy Publishers, Inc. 30 E. 74th St. New York, N.Y. 10021 Simon & Schuster, Inc. 630 Fifth Ave. New YOrk, N.Y. 10020 Orders to 1 W. 39th St., New York, N.Y. 10018 Imprint: Clarion (Clarion Books) Charles Scribner's Sons 597 Fifth Ave. New York, N.Y. 10017 Seabury Press 815 Second Ave. New York, N.Y. 10017 Silver Burdett Co. Div. of General Learning Co. 250 James St. Morristown, N.J. 07960 St. Martin's Press, Inc. 175 Fifth Ave. New York, N.Y. 10010 Stackpole Books Cameron & Kelker Sts. Harrisburg, Pa. 17105 Steck-V Sterling T Y Crowell Time-Life Transatlantic Tri-Ocean VanN-Rein Verry Viking Pr 141 Steck-Vaughn Co. Div. of Intext Educational Publishers Box 2028 Austin, Texas 78761 Sterling Pub. Co. 419 Park Ave. S. New York, N.Y. 10016 Thomas Y. Crowell Co. Subs. of Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. 201 Park Ave. S. New York, N.Y. 10003 Orders to Tyco Shipping Service, 788 Bloom- field Ave., Clifton, N.J. 07012 (On Thomas Y. Crowell entries, the letter "a" following the price signifies that the cost of the library binding is $0.75 net higher than the cost of the trade edition.) Time-Life Books Time-Life Bldg. Rockefeller Center New York, N.Y. 10021 Transatlantic Arts, Inc. North Village Green Levittown, N.Y. 11756 Tri-Ocean Books 62 Townsend St. San Francisco, Calif. 94107 Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Div. of Litton Educational Pub., Inc. 450 w. 33rd St. New York, N.Y. 10001 Imprints: Anv (Anvil Books), IB (Insight Books), Mtum (Momentum Books), Srchl (Searchlight Books) Lawrence Verry, Inc. 16 Holmes St. Mystic, Conn. 06355 Imprint: Pub. by Am U of Beirut (Published by American University of Beirut) Viking Press, Inc. 625 Madison Ave. New York, N.Y. 10022 W R Scott Warne Washburn Watts Westminster wonder World Pub 142 William R. Scott, Inc. 333 Ave. of the Americas New York, N.Y. 10014 Orders to Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Inc., Reading, Mass. 01867 Frederick Warne & Co., Inc. 101 Fifth Ave. New York. N.Y. 10003 Ives Washburn Inc. Dist. by David McKay Co., Inc.. 750 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017 Franklin Watts, Inc. Subs. of Grolier Inc. 845 Third Ave. New York, N.Y. 10022 The Westminster Press Witherspoon Bldg. Philadelphia, Pa. 19107 Wonder—Treasure Books, Inc. Div. of Grosset & Dunlap, Inc. 51 Madison Ave. New York, N.Y. 10010 world Pub. Co. Subs. of The Times Mirror Co. 110 E. 59th St. New Yerk, N.Y. 10022 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY SELECTED BI BLIOGRAPHY American Industry Project. Structure of American Industry: Production Model and Definitions. Menomonie, Wisc.:' Stout State UniVersity, 1967} American Vocational Association. A Guide to Improving Instruction in Industrial Arts. Washington, D.C.: American VocatiOnal Association, 1968. Berelson, Bernard. Content Analysis in Communication Research. BIencoe, 111.: Free Press, 1952. Bonser, Fredrick, and Mossman, Lois. Industrial Arts for Elementary Schools. New York: The Macmillan Company,’1924. Boucher, Bertrand P. How Man Provides. New York: Parents Magazine Press, 1963. Cochran, Leslie H. "Innovation: A New Direction for Industrial Education." Industrial Arts and Vocational Education, LVIII, No. 10 (December, 1969), 22. Cooke, Donald E. Marvels of American Industry. New Jersey: C. S. Hammond and Company, 1962. Drucker, Peter F. The New Society. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1950. Duffy, Joseph W. "Conceptualizing the Functions of Industry." The Journal of Industrial Arts Edu- cation, XXIX, No. 5 (March-April, 1970), 10-17. Fidell, Estelle A., ed. Children's Catalog. 12th ed. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, Inc., 1971. Gagné, Robert M. The Conditions of Learning. New York: Holt, Rinehart andIWinston, Inc., 1965. 143 144 Gebhart, Richard H. "American Industry Instructional Materials." New Concepts in Industrial Arts. Selected Addresses and Proceedings of the American Industrial Arts Association's 30th Annual Con- vention at Minneapolis. Washington, D.C.: American Industrial Arts Association, 1968. Gerhardt, Lillian N., ed. Subject Guide to Children's Books in Print. New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1970. Gilbert, Harold G. Children Study American Industry. Dubuque, Iowa: wm. C. Brown Company Publishers, 1966. Glass, Gene V., and Stanley, Julian C. Statistical Methods in Education and Psychology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., I970. Good, Carter V., ed. Dictionary of Education. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1959. , and Scates, Douglas E. Methods of Research. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1954. Havighurst, Robert J. Human Development and Education. New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1953. Hunt, Elizabeth E. "Strategy for Change." Minneapolis, Minn.: Thirtieth Annual Convention of the American Industrial Arts Association, 1968. Industrial Arts Curriculum Project. The WOrld of Manu- facturing. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State UniVersity Research Foundation, 1969. Klausmeier, Herbert J. Learning and Human Abilities. 2nd ed. New York: Harper andiRow, Publishers, 1961. Lindzey, Gardner, ed. Handbook of Social Psychology. Vol. 1. Cambridge, Mass.: AddiSon-Wesley Pub- lishing Company, Inc., 1954. Luetkemeyer, Joseph F., ed. "Introduction to the Year- book." A Historical Perspective of Industry. Seventeenth Yearbook of the American Council on Industrial Arts Teacher Education. Bloomington, Ill.: McKnight & McKnight Publishing Company, 1968. 145 Lux, Donald G. "The Status and Future of Industrial Arts." Industrial Arts in a Changing Society. RepresentatiVe Addresses and Proceedings of the 34th Annual Convention. Washington, D.C.: American Industrial Arts Association, 1972. Nelson, Lloyd P., and Sargent, William T., eds. Evalu- ation Guidelines for Contemporary Industrial Arts Programs. Sixteenth Yearbook of the American Council on Industrial Teacher Edu- cation. Bloomington, Ill.: McKnight & McKnight Publishing Company, 1967. Olson, Delmar W. Industrial Arts and Technology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1963. Pawlowski, Barbara, and Dispensa, Joseph Jr. "Environment for Learning." Thirtieth Annual Convention of the American Industrial Arts Association. Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1968. Roberts, Harold S. Roberts' Dictionary of Industrial Relations. Washington, D.C.: BNA Incorporated, 1966. Scobey, Mary-Margaret. Teaching Children About Technology. Bloomington, Ill.: McKnight & McKnight Publishing Company, 1968. Stadt, Ronald W., et al. "Enterprise: Man and Tech- nology." Industrial Arts and Vocational Edu- cation, LVIII, No. 8 (October, 1969), 22-24. Stamp, Sir Dudley, ed. Longman's Dictionary of Geography. London: Longmans, Green & Company, Ltd., 1966. Stunard, E. Arthur. "Effecting Change Through the Ele- mentary Teacher: Institute Phase." Minneapolis, Minn.: Thirtieth Annual Convention of the American Industrial Arts Association, 1968. Thorndike, Robert L., ed. Educational Measurement. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, 1971. U.S. Department of Commerce. 1970 Census of POpulation: Classified Index of Industries and Occupations. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1971. 146 Wall, G. 5., ed. Approaches and Procedures in Industrial Arts. Fourteenth Yearbook ofithe AmeriCan Council on Industrial Arts Teacher Education. Bloomington, Ill.: McKnight & McKnight Publish- ing Company, 1965. Westby, Barbara M., ed. Sears List of Subject Headings. New York: The H. W. WiiSon Company, 1965. Wilber, Gordon 0. Industrial Arts in General Education. Scranton: International Textbook Company, 1954. Woodruff, Asahel D. Basic Concepts of Teaching. San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Company, 1961. wmu'uflifni‘mm lllWHllll 8 0 7 0 3 0 3 9 i I" sul Nllll' Am?» ml! Hl