MULTICHIX, A COMPUTER MODEL THAT PROJECTS RECEIPTS

AND EXPENSES FOR EGG PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES

BY

Roger Dean Jacobs

A DISSERTATION

Submitted to
Michigan State University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

Department of Poultry Science

1978

G3’0/;pdb§%9

PLEASE NOTE:
Dissertation contains computer print-outs with broken and indistinct print.

Filmed as received.

UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS

ABSTRACT
MULTICHIX, A COMPUTER MODEL THAT PROJECTS RECEIPTS
AND EXPENSES FOR EGG PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES
BY

Roger Dean Jacobs

Multichix is a computer simulation model designed to
project future receipts and expenses for a single unit or
for multi-unit egg production complexes. The model allows
the user to include alternative replacement programs (force
molted hens versus started pullets) in the analysis as well
as various contractual arrangements. The model allows the
user to add or subtract production units and to change feed
costs, feed consumption and mortality as the run progresses.
The model allows the user to sell poultry waste and it pro-
jects expenses as input values rather than constants.
Production standards used are those produced by the major
leghorn breeders. These standards in respect to production
averages are adjusted by input. To test the model, three
runs were made. The first run looked at three users. The
first user took the role of an owner-operator, the second
user was a contractor and the third user was an egg
producer under contract. The second run was to show the
impact of selling poultry waste on net cash income and net
income. The third run projected production parameters for

a force molted flock and a pullet flock of the same age.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation
to Dr. C. C. Sheppard as major professor and Dr. C. J.
Flegal for their help and guidance during this period of
study and research.

The author is grateful to Drs. T. H. Coleman and
H. C. Zindel of the Department of Poultry Science and to
Drs. T. Pierson and W. H. Vincent of the Department of
Agricultural Economics for their valuable criticisms and
help in the preparation of this manuscript.

To Dr. H. C. Zindel, Chairman of the Poultry Science
Department, the author extends his appreciation for
financial support provided.

The author is also grateful to his parents and
Mrs. Margaret Granger for their moral support.

Finally, the author is most grateful and indebted to
his wife, Barbara, and two sons, John and Joseph, for
their sacrifice, help and understanding during this

period of study.

ii

 

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

INTRODUCTION

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Force Molting .

Contracting .

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

TABLE

General Assumptions

Assumptions for Run

Assumptions for Run

Assumptions for Run

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Run 1 .
Run 2 .
Run 3 .
SUMMARY . .
APPENDIX A.
APPENDIX B.
APPENDIX C.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

USER HANDBOOK

STRUCTURE AND

PRODUCTION STANDARDS

OF CONTENTS

TO MULTICHIX

LOGIC OF MULTICHIX

iii

Page
iv

vi

10
13
13
15
15
20
20
28
29
69

112

127

Table

1.

A.1.
A.2.

A.3.

LIST OF TABLES

Page
Force molted layers as a percent of hens
and pullets of laying age, first of month,
selected states 1975-1976 . . . . . . . . . . 4
Cash and non-cash expenses for Run 1
(year-to-date, 13 periods) . . . . . . . . . 17
Financial analysis for Run 1 . . . . . . . . 18
Financial analysis for Run 2 . . . . . . . . 21
Flock comparisons for the first two periods
of Run 3 only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Flock summaries for the first flock of
each unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Unit summaries for Run 3 . . . . . . . . . . 26
Example of correctly recorded input . . . . . 58
Example of incorrectly recorded input . . . . 59
Example of a detailed unit summary for one
period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Example of a combined (unit, farm, program)
summary for one period (4 weeks) . . . . . . 61
Example of a combined (unit, farm, program)
year—end summary (52 weeks) . . . . . . . . . 62
Production averages and egg distribution for
the array PROD(KK,X) . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Definition of expenses for the arrays
CSTPD(J,X) and CSTYTD(J,X) . . . . . . . . . 87
Categories of expenses for the four levels of
input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Definitions of the array KEYOLD . . . . . . . 101

iv

Table Page
8.5. Other variables measured in PRINTl . . . . . 110

C.1. Production standards--genera1 production
(pullets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

C.2. Production standards--Babcock B-300 (pullets) 114
C.3. Production standards--DeKa1b 231 (pullets) . 115

C.4. Production standards--H & N Nickchick
(pullets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

C.5. Production standards--Hyline W-36 (pullets) . 117
C.6. Production standards--Kimber K-137 (pullets) 118

C.7. Production standards--Shaver Starcross 288
(pullets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

C.8. Production standards--genera1 production
(molted hens) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

C.9. Production standards--Babcock B-300
(molted hens) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

C.10. Production standards--DeKa1b 231
(molted hens) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

C.11. Production standards--H & N Nickchick (molted
henS) O O O I O I O O O O O O O C O O I O I l 123

C.12. Production standards--Hy1ine W-36 (molted
hens) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

C.13. Production standards--Kimber K-137 (molted
hens) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

C.14. Production standards-~Shaver Starcross 288
(molted hens) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page
A.1. Flowchart for reading input into memory . . 33
A.2. Egg pricing generator . . . . . . . . . . . 35
B.1. Basic flowchart of the program Multichix . . 70

vi

 

INTRODUCT ION

Multichix is a computer simulation model designed to
project future receipts and expenses for a single unit or
for multi-unit egg production complexes. The main purpose
of the model is to provide flexibility in various situa-
tions including alternative replacement programs, various
production standards for both pullet flocks (birds in the
first production cycle) and hen flocks (birds in a produc-
tion cycle other than the first) and today's types of
financial contracts which include 1-, 2- or 3-way contrac-
tual arrangements as well as the traditional owner-operator
system. The model looks at poultry waste as a potential
source of revenue as well as an expense. It looks at
certain expenses of production as input variables rather
than constants. Multichix allows the user to increase or
decrease the number of production units and to change
certain parameters (feed consumption, feed costs, egg loss
and mortality) as the run progresses.

Multichix was designed to be used as a tool in the
decision making process and was built to be used when

changes in endogenous or exogenous variables so dictate.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The computer is often thought of as a tool to be used
for the analysis of engineering concepts. However, the
modern computer can also be used to analyze and solve
various agricultural problems. Vincent (1970) and a report
of the Proceedings of the Joint Conference of North Central
Regional Farm Management Extension and Research (Agricul-
tural Economics Report No. 157, 1970) gave several examples
of agricultural computer models designed to analyze and
simulate some of these problems. In the poultry industry,
Muir (1972) developed a computer model to measure cash
flows for market egg farms. Vincent (1969) reported that
he had built a model that measures cash flows for various
forms of egg production contracts. Arbor Acres Farm, Inc.
(1977) reported they had a model that could be used to
measure costs and performance for a broiler organization.
Larzelere (1970) suggested the development of an electronic
egg exchange as a computerized national auction center for
egg pricing.

Until recently, the analysis of alternative egg
production replacement programs (force molting) by
computer simulation had been ignored. Bell (1977) reported

that the University of California had developed such a

3

model. This system evaluated 308 different situations

facing the producer at five different price levels.

Force Molting

 

Force molting is a procedure used by many poultrymen
to recycle either pullet flocks or previously molted hen
flocks. In 1975, according to U.S.D.A. records of the
seventeen major egg producing states, an average of 18.3%
of hens and pullets of laying age either had been or were
in the process of being molted by December of that year
(see Table 1). This percentage increased to 19.2 by
December of 1976 [Gross (ed.), 1977].

All methods of force molting utilized since the
1930's fall into one of three categories (Swanson and
Bell, 1974a and Swanson and Bell, 1974b):

1. Water and/or feed restriction,

2. Low nutrient rations and

3. Anti-ovulatory drugs or feed additives.

The first category has been and still is the most widely
used method of force molting. A method that calls for
zinc-oxide to be added to the ration at levels of

25,000 ppm (Creger, 1976) has gained in popularity. Most
water and/or feed restriction methods are composed of

4 or 5 phases (Swanson and Bell, 1974b and Andrews, 1972).

The first phase (preparatory) precedes the second
phase (stress) by up to three weeks. This period, while

not included in all methods, allows the producer to get

Table 1.

Force molted layers as a percent of hens and

 

 

 

 

 

pullets of laying age, first of month, selected
states 1975-1976 [Gross (ed.), 1977]
December December
State 1975 1976 1975 1976
Percent Being “Percent With Molt
Completed

Ala. 2.0 1.0 12.0 8.0
Ark. 1.0 1.5 6.5 8.0
Cal. 7.5 8.5 38.0 40.5
Fla. 2.0 4.0 18.0 17.0
Ga. 2.0 2.0 16.0 18.5
Ind. 4.6 3.0 4.0 5.0
Iowa 0.5 2.0 2.5 6.5
Miss. 1.0 0.0 0.5 3.5
N.Y. 1.5 1.0 7.0 4.5
N.C. 1.0 1.0 9.0 5.5
Ohio 1.5 0.5 8.5 3.0
Ore. 4.0 5.0 30.0 33.0
Pa. 2.0 2.0 7.0 4.0
S.C. 1.0 1.5 4.0 9.5
Tenn. 4.0 3.0 11.0 10.0
Tex. 1.0 1.0 4.5 5.5
Wash. 9.5 10.0 40.0 34.0
17 States 3.0 3.3 15.3 15.9

 

5

the flock ready (revaccination, touch-up debeaking,
parasite control, etc.) for the more stressing second
phase. The second phase is characterized by water (up
to 72 hours) and/or feed withdrawal. Some methods do not
call for the water to be removed. The length of this
phase lasts up to 10 days and the basic purpose of the
phase is to st0p egg production. The third phase (rest)
runs from 2 to 11 weeks. The purpose of this phase is to
keep the birds out of egg production. This is done by
keeping the birds on a shortened photoperiod and by
feeding the flock a high fiber ration or by restricting
the amount of feed to be consumed. The fourth phase
(recovery) starts with the resumption of egg production and
ends at peak production. Post-molt, the final phase,
starts at peak production and terminates at the end of the
production cycle.

Characteristics of force molted flocks when compared
to started pullet flocks are (Cox, 1964; Bell, 1965;
Bell, Swanson and Johnston, 1976; Swanson and Bell, 1974c;
Swanson and Bell, 1975; and Adams, 1976):

1. Increased production of large, extra large

and jumbo eggs:
2. Lower replacement COSt to the producer,
3. A similar egg shell quality at first which
declines at a faster rate,
4. A lower total egg production and lower peak

egg‘production,

6

5. Poorer feed efficiency due to lower egg
production and
6. Generally higher mortality.
When considering the possibility of projecting
(through use of a computer model) force molted flocks,
one must take into consideration size of program and type

of contractual arrangement involved, if any.

Contracting

 

The egg industry in the United States is composed of
small egg production units (10,000 birds or less) up to
and including very large operations with capacities in
excess of one million birds. The programs may consist of
various forms of contractual arrangements or owner-operator
type systems. Hoyt (1971) estimated that 30 to 50 percent
of egg production in the midwestern section of the United
States (Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Illinois and Wisconsin)
was under some form of contract. However, the amount of
contracting in Michigan may be declining at present
(Hoyt, 1978). Many authors (Sheppard, 25 31., 1964;

Reed and Jewett, 1966; Skinner and Rieck, 1966; Morris and
Harwood, 1968; and Hicks, 1975) have described the various
types of egg production contracts in their areas. The

purposes of the contracts are to reduce capital needs, to
reduce risk for the contractee and to promote expertise in

the various areas of egg production. Parties to egg

.7

production contracts may include egg producers, feed
dealers, hatcherymen, pullet growers, marketing agencies
or combinations of these.

In all cases, the contracts dictate the responsi-
bilities for each party to the contract and set up payment
schedules. The payment schedule may include:

1. A fixed fee per dozen eggs produced,

2. A fixed fee per bird housed or number of

birds in the flock at the start of each
period,

3. A fixed percent of returns from egg sales

(This fixed payment may be dependent upon
egg prices.) and

4. A guaranteed price for designated grades and

volumes of eggs produced.

The contract may also prescribe a fee for taking
care of the flock prior to a specific age and during the
force molting procedure. Contractees may also be paid a
bonus at the end of a production cycle for feed
efficiency, flock livability, market price and egg

grade-out, as defined by the contract.

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

As previously stated, Multichix is a computer simula-
tion projection model to be used for a single unit or for
multi-unit egg production programs. In Appendix A is the
User Handbook for the model. It describes the input
required for the model and gives samples of the various
types of output. Multichix, itself, is composed of a main
program and eighteen subprograms. Each is described briefly
in Appendix B. Egg production and egg distribution con-
stants used in the model can be found in Tables C.1. through
C.14. in Appendix C.

The purpose of this section is to present some of the
ways the model can be used for projection and analysis.

It also outlines the assumptions that were used. Three
runs were made:

1. Run l--The first run projected three potential

egg production systems:

a. Owner-operator,

b. Contract, where the user took the role of
a contractor and

c. Contract, where the user took the role of

a contractee.

9

2. Run 2--The second run measured the effect of
poultry waste as a potential product for sale.
In this run, poultry waste was not dehydrated
but rather sold at 80% moisture for $10 per ton.
The user in this run assumed the role of an
owner-operator.

3. Run 3--In the final run, a force molted flock was
compared to an identical flock that had not been
molted. Production data, feed costs and deple—
tion costs were examined for an owner-operator.

All runs were projected for one year (364 days or 13
periods of 28 days each). Most of the assumptions and
costs discussed below are those used by Latimer and
Bezpa (1976) in a cash flow projection for a new 30,000

bird operation.

General Assumptions

 

The production unit simulated was a triple deck cage
system with 11,200 square feet of floor space. Bird
capacity was 30,000. The unit was new and costs were
$64,400 for the house and $94,600 for equipment which
included cages, feeders, waterers, egg collectors, cooler,
pit cleaners, ventilation, feed bins and a standby
generator. Twenty acres of land were purchased at $1,000
per acre. Pullet flocks were purchased at 20 weeks of
age at a cost of $2.25 per bird plus 2¢ per bird for

hauling and placing in cages. Capital needed for all

10

purchases was borrowed at a 9% annual interest rate.

The projected payback period for the house, equipment and
land was 10 years while the principal on the pullets was
to be paid back over 14 periods (392 days).

To estimate egg prices, an egg pricing generator was
used. The starting point on the generator was 52 and the
starting price for large eggs was 58¢. The price spreads
between large eggs and jumbo plus extra large, medium,
small, peewee and chex plus undergrade eggs were +2¢, -6¢,
-30¢, -30¢ and -30¢, respectively. All cleanouts lasted
two weeks and the length of the force molting procedure was
seven weeks (one week for the stress phase and six weeks
for the resting phase). For all flocks, DeKalb 231 pro-
duction standards were used. The accumulated average
hen-day egg production was projected at 69% for pullet
flocks and 68% for molted hens. Pullet flocks were
capitalized at 20 weeks of age; molted flocks were
capitalized at 1% production. Twenty-five cents per bird
was set aside for salvage value and the projected price
per spent hen was 31.5¢ (4 1/2 pounds x 7¢ per pound).
Three types of feed were used: 17 1/2% protein ration at
$130 per ton, 16 1/2% protein ration at $125 per ton and

15 1/2% protein ration at $120 per ton.

Assumptions for Run 1

 

All flocks in this simulation were housed at 20 weeks

of age (start of run) and sold at the end of 56 weeks of

11
production (75'weeks of age). All flocks were fed 18
pounds of feed per 100 birds through 26 weeks of age and
20 pounds of feed per 100 birds from 27-30 weeks of age.
The flocks were then fed 22 pounds of feed per 100 birds
for the rest of the production cycle. Birds were fed the
17 1/2% protein ration until 43 weeks of age, the 16 1/2%
protein ration from 43-61 weeks of age and the 15 1/2%
protein ration through the rest of the production cycle.
The projected flock mortality was 1% for the first nine
weeks and 0.8% for the remaining weeks of the production
cycle. Egg loss due to processing and handling was 2%
of all eggs through 40 weeks of age and 3% from then on.
Unit level expenses were projected over 13 periods.
Flock level expenses were projected over 14 periods. These
expenses were as follows:
1. Unit level expenses
a. Hired 1abor--The expense for hired labor was
projected as $10,100 (3,640 hours x
$2.75/hour).
b. Maintenance cost for the unit--This cost was
projected as $1,883.

c. Utilities--The projected electrical costs were:

ventilation $1,932
lights 1,381
feeders 460
egg collectors 69
water pumps 92
refrigeration 230
manure removal 312
miscellaneous 125

total electrical cost $4,601

12
Taxes--This cost was projected at $1.50 per

$100 of the full value as follows:

land $ 300
building and equipment 2,385
total tax cost $2,685

Insurance on building and equipment--This rate
was projected as $1.80 per $100 of insurable
value. The insurable value was 80% of full
value. Thus, the insurance cost for the
building and equipment was projected as

$2,290 ($159,000 x 0.0144).

Depreciation expense--This expense was cal-
culated using the sum-of-the-years‘-digits
method. For the laying house the expense was
equal to $11,709. The schedule was based on
10 years for depreciation. The depreciation
expense for the equipment was $23,650. The
schedule for equipment was based on 7 years.
Interest expense on land, building and
equipment--The amount of interest was based on

the average debt for the year:

land (average debt $19,000) $ 1,710
laying house

(average debt $61,180) 5,506
laying house equipment

(average debt $89,870) 8,088

total unit interest expense $15,304
Other--Five hundred dollars was the projected

cost for parasite and rodent control.

l3

2. Flock level expenses

a. Taxes and insurance on the flock-—The taxes
and insurance on the laying flocks were
projected at $1.00 per $100 pullet cost or
$727.

b. Interest expense of the flock value--The
repayment period was 14 periods (392 days) and
the interest expense (average value $34,050)
was $3,300.

c. Medication--Medication expense was calculated

at 6 1/2¢ per bird housed or $1,950.

Assumptions for Run 2

 

The assumptions for Run 2 were exactly the same as
for Run 1 as the only difference in this run was that

poultry waste was sold.

Assumptions for Run 3

 

In this run (13 periods), both flocks were started at
56 weeks of age. One flock continued on until the end of
the production cycle. The house was then cleaned out, a
new flock was housed and the cycle began again. The other
flock began the force molting procedure at the start of
the run. The production cycle ended when the flock sur-
passed 96 weeks of age. Then, the flock was sold, the
house was cleaned out, a pullet flock was housed and the
production cycle began again. The number of birds in

each flock at the start of the run was 27,956 and the

14
starting book value of each flock was $29,143. Feed con-
sumption, feed type, mortality and egg loss for the pullet
flock were exactly as in previously described pullet flocks.
For the molted flock, no feed was given during the stress
phase, 14 pounds per 100 were fed during the resting phase
and 22 pounds per 100 birds were fed to the flock for the
rest of the production cycle. During the resting phase,
a 17 1/2% protein ration was fed. When the production
cycle began, the flock was fed the 17 1/2% protein ration
until the flock surpassed 68 weeks of age. The 16 1/2%
protein ration was fed for the next 13 weeks and then the
flock was fed the 15 1/2% protein ration. Mortality for
the stress phase was equal to 8% per month. It was 2%
per month for the rest phase and 1% for the rest of the
production cycle. Egg loss was projected at 2% until

81 weeks of age and then it was increased to 3%.

RESULTS AND DI SCUSS ION

am

As stated previously, the purpose of the first run was
to project three potential egg production systems. The
first user was an owner-operator who supplied all inputs
to the system and received all income. The second user was
a contractor who provided the birds and feed and paid a
contractee 17% of all sales for his assets and labor. The
third user was a contractee. He provided his labor and
assets (land, laying house and equipment) in exchange for
17% of egg sales.

In all situations, certain parameters were the same
for all three users after 13 periods. They are as follows:

1. Bird inventory

 

Number of birds housed 30,000
Mortality 2,855
Ending inventory 27,145

2. Egg production and distribution (dozens)

 

Jumbo plus extra large 115,557
Large 257,737
Medium 158,614
Small ' 43,311
Peewee 0
Chex plus undergrades 26,279

Total of all eggs produced 601,498

15

16

3. Value of eggs produced

 

Jumbo plus extra large $ 67,991
Large 147,810
Medium 83,822
Small 12,394
Peewee 0
Chex plus undergrades 7,290

Total for all eggs produced $319,308

4. Average value (per dozen) of eggs produced

 

Jumbo plus extra large $.59
Large .57
Medium .53
Small .29
Peewee .00
Chex plus undergrades .28

Average total value $.53

5. Production analysis

 

Average hen-day egg production 70%
Average hen-housed egg production 66%
Average eggs per hen (hen-day) 253
Average eggs per hen (hen-housed) 241

6. Feed facts

 

Total tons of feed consumed 1,104
Average price per ton $126
Pounds of feed per 100 birds per day 21.28
Pounds of feed per dozen eggs 3.67

Those variables measured that are different for each type
system are presented in Tables 2 and 3.

Although it is not the purpose of this thesis to make
judgments on the various systems, it is quite obvious that
expenses associated with the purchase of land, buildings
and equipment were a serious burden to both the owner-
operator and contractee. If we estimate the payment on the
principal of the outstanding debt (10% x $179,000) of
$17,900, it reduces the cash flow for the contractee to

-$2,308. Assuming the labor expense is in reality

17

 

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19

a return to him for his labor, then the cash flow to the
contractee becomes $7,762 which can be used to cover his
personal needs. It should also be noted that even though
the net cash income to the contractor was less than that
of the owner-operator by $15,592, his net income was
$19,768 greater. This was due primarily to depreciation
expense for the building and equipment in the owner-
operator system.

The value loss figure (2.6% of the value of eggs
produced) can be the result of mishandling of eggs which
may be caused on the farm or in transit to the processor.
If only 50% of the eggs lost had been sold, the return on
net cash income would have increased by 3.1% for the owner-
operator, 3.5% for the contractor and about 4.3% for the
contractee.

Another group of variables measured were unit
efficiency measurements. They represent eggs, receipts
and total expenses per square foot of housing. These
variables are not normally measured in egg production units
although sales per square foot and expenses per square foot
are measured in other industries. Eggs per square foot in
all three cases were 644.46. Receipts and total expenses
per square foot were $27.76 and $24.43 for the owner-
operator, $27.76 and $22.67 for the contractor and $4.72

and $6.48 for the contractee.

20
5.1193.

In the second run, the purpose was to project the
potential by-product of the unit, poultry waste. The
unit selling poultry waste was compared to the owner-
operator system projected in Run 1. Poultry waste was sold
at 80% moisture for $10 per ton. The average amount of
this product excreted per bird per day was projected at
.0725 pounds dry weight (Flegal 35 31., 1974) or .0002537
tons per bird per week. Water was then added back to the
dry material to estimate the total weight. This was
multiplied by the average number of birds in the flock.

In this run, the projected amount of poultry waste
sold was 1,879.8 tons for a value of $18,798. Table 4
shows the effect of this sale in respect to the financial
analysis. Selling poultry waste increased cash sales by
approximately 6% and increased the net income per bird
by 61¢ or 63¢ per bird housed. Looking back to Run 1,
if the contractee had been able to sell his poultry waste
for the same amount, his net cash income would have
better than doubled and his net loss would have been less

than $1,000.

5.1.1.12.
This run was designed to measure various production

parameters. Two units were compared; each used a different

replacement program. The first unit (Unit 1) started by

force molting 56 week old birds. The force molting period

Table 4. Financial analysis for Run 2

21

 

 

Variable Measured

Unit Not Selling
Poultry Waste

Unit Selling
Poultry Waste

 

Cash receipts

Cash receipts/bird
Cash expenses

Cash expenses/bird
Non-cash expenses
Non-cash expenses/bird
Total expenses

Total expenses/bird
Net cash income

Net cash income/bird
Net income

Net income/bird

$310,968.
10.
182,030.
6.
91,630.
3.
273,661.
9.
128,939.

4

37,307.

00
91
00
39
00
22
00
60
00

.52

00

1.31

$329,766.00
11.57
182,030.00
6.39
91,630.00
3.22
273,661.00
9.60
147,736.00
5.18
56,106.00
1.97

 

22
took seven weeks. This flock (Flock l-l) then proceeded
through the production cycle. At the end of 10 periods
(33 weeks into production), the flock was sold and after a
two week cleanout period, a second flock (Flock 1-2) was
housed and production began again. The second unit
(Unit 2) started with a pullet flock (Flock 2-1) which was
also 56 weeks of age and continued the production cycle.
When this flock became 76 weeks of age it was sold. A
two week cleanout period occurred and then a second started
pullet flock (Flock 2-2) was housed and the production
cycle began again.

At the start of this run the number of birds in each
flock was 27,956. The book value of each flock was $29,143.
Once the first flock started the force molting procedure,
however, it was considered a new flock and the number of
birds housed was 27,956. Flock 2-1 was not a new flock and
here the number of birds housed still remained at 30,000.

Table 5 shows comparisons between the two flocks at
the end of two periods. At this point, Flock l-l had
completed the force molting period and one week of the
production cycle. Flock 2-1 had completed 11 periods of
production or two periods since the start of the run. The
book value of Flock 1-1 was then $38,648 and the book
value of Flock 2-1 was $20,281. Flock 1-1 was capitalized
following the seven week molting period and the book value

at the time of capitalization was $39,487. The difference

Table 5.

23

Run 3 only

Flock comparisons for the first two periods of

 

 

 

 

 

 

Variable Measured Flock 1-1 Flock 2-1
Egg Production in Dozens
Jumbo plus extra large 104 31,538
Large 298 44,351
Medium 96 8,705
Small 0 0
Peewee 0 0
Chex plus undergrades 21 5,034
Total dozens produced 518 89,628
Blend price per dozen produced $.55 $.57
Production Analysis
Hen-day production 3% 69%
Hen-housed production 3% 64%
Eggs per hen (hen-day) 0 39
Eggs per hen (hen-housed) 0 36
Feed Facts
Total tons of feed consumed 100 171
Average price per ton $130 $123
Pounds of feed/100 birds/day 13.19 22.00
Pounds of feed/dozen eggs 386.10 3.81

 

24
in the blend price per dozen eggs produced was due to the
fact that for the first seven weeks, Flock 1-1 did not pro-
duce eggs.

Table 6 shows the final flock analysis for Flock 1-1
and Flock 2-1. The major difference in total eggs pro-
duced was due to the longer total production period for the
force molted flock. The reader should note that these
figures represent data from the start of the run only. The
percent of eggs size large or greater was about the same,
approximately 85%. This was due to the fact that Flock 2-1
showed production data only for the last 20 weeks of the
production cycle. Flock 2-1 sold for $8,488 or $1,499 over
book value while Flock 1-1 sold for $7,793 or $1,135 over
book value.

Table 7 presents the final unit summary for the year.
The value of eggs lost was $5,321 for Unit 1 and $7,926 for
Unit 2.

This run did not favor using the force molted flock.
Final net cash income and net income favored Unit 2 by
$49,903 and $34,296, respectively. Most of this difference
occurred during the first two periods while the flock in
Unit 1 was being force molted. Only during the periods
when Unit 2 was going through a changeover from Flock 2-1
to Flock 2-2 and for the following four periods did these
two parameters favor Unit 1. Then, Unit 1 went through a
changeover from Flock 1-1 to Flock 1-2 and the trend again

favored Unit 2.

25

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27

If the timing for force molting Flock l-l had been
delayed or if, on input, the price spreads between medium,
large and jumbo plus extra large had been greater, the
outcome would have been different. These are two very
important points when considering replacement programs.
The reader should also note that this was a short-term
analysis (13 periods). It is not known what the long-term
analysis would have been.

In the studies presented, three ways that the model
can be used were shown. We could have changed results

simply by altering input.

SUMMARY

Multichix is a computer simulation model designed to
be used for making projections with respect to egg produc-
tion parameters. In this thesis, an attempt was made to
show some of the ways the model can be used. In a first
run, three possible production systems were compared:
owner-operator system, contract system where the user took
the position of a contractor and contract system where the
user took the position of a contractee. A second run
measured the effects of the sale of poultry waste on net
cash income and net income while a third run projected
production parameters for a force molted flock and a pullet
flock of the same age.

The model can be used for sensitivity studies with
respect to costs and production parameters. It allows the
user to change feed consumption, feed costs, mortality and
egg loss as the run progresses. It was designed to pro-
ject for more than one unit and for up to six flocks per

unit in any one run.

28

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX A

USER HANDBOOK TO MULTICHIX

The following pages contain a copy of the handbook
used to gather input data for Multichix.

29

USER HANDBOOK
TO

MULTICHIX

1978

Roger D. Jacobs
Department of Poultry Science
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan

30

31

SECTION I. DEFINITION OF INPUT

The user should first read through this section and
the next section, "Discussion of Input," to determine how
his program best fits the model before attempting to use
the input forms.

This section is intended to help the user define
several specific areas of input.

Sample input forms are included at the end of the
handbook. These forms are to be filled in by the user
with the answers to the items in Section II. Data on
the input forms will later be keypunched on computer

cards to be processed by the computer.

Use of the Input Forms

 

The left-hand numbers on the form refer to the items
found in Section II of this handbook. These numbers may be
followed by other numbers or letters which refer to the
questions for each item. The broken lines on the input
form are for the user's answers. Those broken lines that
have a small case letter s beneath them are to be used for
numerical signs (+ or -). Numbers enclosed by parentheses
are used by the keypuncher and should be ignored by the
user.

In some questions asking for a percent value a decimal
can be found between two broken lines on the input form.
All values prior to a decimal point are whole percent values

and all values following the decimal point are fractional

32
parts of a percent value. (Example: If the expected
management costs will increase by 6 1/2% for the first year
of the run at the program level, the input for item 8.A.A.

should be + 0 0 6.5. A decrease of 5 1/2% would be

Amount of Input

 

The amount of input required for this model is de-
termined primarily by the size of the user's program
(number of farms, units and flocks per unit) and the length
of the run in years. The user should follow directions
exactly. This model will either ignore unnecessary input
or it will create error messages. These error messages

will be discussed in Section III, "Output Samples."

Levels of Input

 

Questions in the next section are presented in four

levels:
1. General Program Information
2. General Farm Information
3. General Unit Information
4. General Flock Information

The questions asked at each of these levels may be specific
for that level or leading questions for the following
level. The input will be read into the computer according

to the flowchart shown in Figure A.1.

Definition of Input

 

1. Capitalization--Multichix uses two different

methods for establishing the time for capitalizing bird

33

 

Level 1
General Program Input

Level 2

General Farm Input

Level 3

General Unit Input

Level 4

General Flock Input

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Further Processing

 

 

Figure A.1. Flowchart for reading input into memory

34
costs. For pullet flocks (those birds in the first pro-
duction cycle) this time is simply a chronological age,
normally between 20-28 weeks of age. To allow for flex-
ibility in the length of the force molting period, the time
of capitalization for force molted flocks (those flocks
that have gone through the first production cycle) is
represented by a minimum hen-day egg production percent.
Normally this percent should be between 0 and 50. The
model will capitalize the flock the week this percent is
reached or exceeded. The user should note that if this
percent production is too high the date of capitalization
may never occur. This would cause erroneous output.

2. Reserved Cost--Some users may desire to.reserve
some part of the pullet or hen cost at the time of capi-
talization to be applied later against the salvage value of
a flock that is to be sold or to the initial cost of a
force molted flock. This reserve cost will be established
at the time of capitalization.

3. Prices--Mu1tichix allows the user three methods
for pricing eggs.

A. Egg pricing generator--Figure A.2. presents a set
of data points. These data points represent monthly
changes in grade A large shell egg (dozens) prices paid to
Iowa egg producers from June 1962 to December 1975
(Armstrong, 1970; Armstrong, 1972; and Armstrong, 1976).
This data was taken from supplements to Poultry and Egg

Situation published by the Economic Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture.

 

 

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35

 

 

 

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36

If the user wishes to use the generator he
should select a point (1-162) along the generator
where the following data points will most likely
reflect changes in large egg prices for the
duration of the run. Item 9.A. is a follow-up

to item 6. The com uter will convert the user
answers for 9.A.3.- .A.7. to a percent (example:

if the user selects a point along the generator

at +2.0 and inputs starting point for large eggs

at 50¢ per dozen and a medium price of 45¢ per

dozen, the computer will divide .45 by .50 giving

.90. The first month's average large egg price

will be 52¢ and the medium egg price will be

.90 x .52 or 46.8¢ per dozen).

B. Blend price--This method prices all eggs
sold at the price input for item 9.B.l. for the
first year of the run.
C. Input large egg prices--If the user does

not wish to use the previously mentioned methods

of pricing he can input expected large egg prices

for each period of the run. The prices for the

other various sizes will be computed as in the

price generator.

4. Buy or sell unit--Multichix allows the user to
buy a unit or acquire a new contract and/or sell a unit or
terminate a contract during the run. The first column
under items 27.A. and 27.B. is for the year the unit will be
acquired or terminated. The next two columns are for the
period that the unit will be acquired or terminated.
(Example: If a unit will start at the beginning of the run,
the input will be 101. If this unit begins on the thirteenth
period of the second year, the input will be 213. If the
unit will go to the end of the run, the input will be 113
for a one year run, 213 for a two year run and 313 for a
three year run. If the unit is to terminate at the end of
the seventh period of the first year the input will be 107

for item 27.B.) Note: If the input for item 27.A. is 201

37

and the length of the run is one year or if the unit is
terminated before it begins, a fatal error will occur.

5. Standards--Multichix contains hen-day production
and egg size distribution curves for both pullet and force
molted (hen) flocks. The names and number of strains can
be found below. Except for general production curves, all
stored data was developed by major breeders for each strain.
Stored data for each curve is limited; for pullet flocks the
ending age of the flock can never be greater than 80 weeks
and for hen flocks the maximum number of weeks in production
is shown below.

Maximum Ending Age

 

Strain (hen flocks)
1. General Production 44
2. Babcock B-300 33
3. DeKalb 231 34
4. H & N Nickchick 32
5. Hyline W-36 32
6. Kimber K-l37 37
7. Shaver Starcross 288 50

38

SECTION II. DISCUSSION OF INPUT

This section contains the questions to be answered.

Sample input forms for this section can be found

following Section III.

General Program Information

 

Input Items

 

Type of output desired:

A. A statement for each production unit per period
and year-to-date. (Input = l)

B. A statement of each production unit per period,
year-to-date and a summary of all units
combined. (Input = 2)

C. A summary of all units combined only. (Input = 3)

A more detailed discussion plus examples of each type
of output can be found in Section III. of this
handbook.

Desired length of run in years. (Input = 1, 2 or 3)

Capitalization of flock cost. The flock age at which
time depreciation costs will begin to be distributed
over the remaining productive life of the flock. This
item is more completely defined in Section I. under
"Capitalization."

A. Pullet flock. (Input = chronological age of birds
in weeks)

B. Molted hen flock. (Input = percent production)

Undepreciated part of bird cost. This item is defined
in Section I. under "Reserved Cost." (Input =
cents/bird)

Expenses at the program level. These expenses are pri-
marily intended for the larger egg programs with more
than one farm. Expenses for each question should be
only those normally charged to egg production and

39
continued

should not include expenses at the farm, unit and flock
levels. For example, if the user's program is ver-
tically integrated, the managers' expenses should only
be partially charged to the egg program. Expenses at
this level are dispersed over the entire program.

They should be current and not projected costs. 'If

the expenses are not appropEIEte for the user's program,
a single zero for each item is required. The input for
each item is in dollars and the costs are annual.

A. Operational management. This expense should in-
clude all salaries, expenses and fringe benefits
of those in management or supervisory positions.
If the program uses more than one layer service-
man, the user can include that expense here or at
the farm level.

B. Administration. In this area the costs include
the salaries and expenses of secretaries, accoun-
tants and other technically skilled people not in
management positions. This cost should also
include legal and technical fees.

C. Hired labor. Here the user should include any
hourly paid employees used on a regular basis at
the program level.

D. Maintenance of building(s) and equipment.

E. Maintenance of vehicles owned or leased by
the company for the purpose of carrying on the
business of the egg production program. This
should include gasoline and oil expenses as well
as other mechanical maintenance.

F. Utilities.

G. Supplies. This includes the cost of all supplies
used for the purpose of egg production.

H. Lease. Record the annual rental fees of office
space, equipment and vehicles.

I. Insurance and taxes. This includes taxes and
insurance of office space, equipment and vehicles.
It may include employee taxes and company paid
employee insurance costs.

J. Interest expense. Record the total interest cost
on all liabilities.

40

continued

K. Depreciation of vehicles.

L. Depreciation of building(s).
M. Depreciation of equipment.

N. Other. Record any other program level cash expense
not included in the above categories.

Egg pricing method. The user must select one method
of egg pricing for the entire run. A more complete
description of this item can be found in Section I.
under "Prices."

A. Egg Pricing Generator. (Input = l)
B. Blend Price. (Input = 2)
C. Input Price per Dozen Large Eggs. (Input = 3)

To simulate phase feeding, the user is allowed up to
six (6) types of feeds and their costs per ton in
dollars. The input form provides spaces for the
particular feed name or code followed by a number, 1-6.
The computer refers to the feed by these numbers.

If the user does not provide the feed or if he does
not wish to use all of the spaces available, he must
input zeros in the spaces provided for feed costs per
ton.

The following items update the expenses for items 5
and 7 for the first year of the run. If the user put
zeros in those items or if he does not expect the
costs to change the first year, he can answer here
with zeros.

A. Estimate the percent change in the cost of
items 5.A. through 5.N. for the first year of the
run.

B. Estimate the percent change in feed costs per ton
for item 7 for the first year of the run.

The following questions are a result of the user's
answer to item 6. Answer only the appropriate
question.

A. If the answer for item 6 is a 1, what is the:
(All answers except for the first are in cents
per dozen.)

9.

41

continued

1) Starting point for price generator

2) Starting price for large eggs (max

3) Average price expected above large
for X-large and jumbo eggs?

4) Average price expected below large
for medium eggs?

5) Average price expected below large
for small eggs?

6) Average price expected below large
for peewee eggs?

7) Average price expected below large

for chex and undergrade eggs?

(1-162)?
= 99 cents)?

egg price

egg price

egg price

egg price

egg price

If the answer for item 6 is a 2, what is the:

(This section is also dependent upon the length
of the run. If the run is 1 year, any
for the second and third year will be ignored.
All answers are cents per dozen.)

l)

2)

3)

answer

Expected blend price for all eggs sold for

the first year of the run?

Expected blend price for all eggs sold for

the second year of the run?

Expected blend price for all eggs sold for

the third year of the run?

If you wish to input expected large egg prices,

what is the:

per dozen.)

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

Average price expected above large
for X-large and jumbo eggs?

Average price expected below large
for medium eggs?

Average price expected below large
for small eggs?

Average price expected below large
for peewee eggs?

Average price expected below large
for chex and undergrades?

(All answers should be in cents

egg price

egg price

egg price

egg price

egg price

42

9. continued

6) Expected large egg price per dozen for 13
periods per year? Use only the appropriate
number of columns. One year uses 13 sets
of input, two years use 26 sets of input and

three years use 39 sets of input.

The input values for the remainder of this section are

 

dependent upon the length of the run.

If it is greater

 

than 1 year, answer the appropriategguestions; otherwise,

 

go to the next section, General Farm Information.

 

10. If the length of the run is greater than one year:

A.

B.

Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for item 5.A. through 5.N. for the
second year of the run.

Estimate with a percent value the change in
costs for item 7 for the second year of the

11. If the length of the run is three years:

A.

Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for item 5.A. through 5.N. for the
third year of the run.

Estimate with a percent value the change in
feed costs for item 7 for the third year of
the run.

feed
run.

43

General Farm Information

Input Items

 

The financial system is determined by who owns the
major resources of the production cycle. These resources
may come from one, two or more sources in a contractual
arrangement. Major resources include birds, feed and farm
inputs which include daily labor, housing and equipment.

The farm is defined as a sum of units not restricted
to a single geographical location; yet, more than one farm
can occupy the same location.

The unit is defined as one or more laying house and,
like the farm, is not restricted to a single geographical
location. The unit is restricted to a flock capacity of
250,000 birds. If the unit is composed of more than one
flock, each flock must follow a single production cycle and
be the same age.

12. Number of units on this farm.
13. What financial system best fits the farm?

A. This farm is 325 part of a production contract
program and the user supplies all the major
resources. (Input = 1000)

B. This farm is part of a production contract program.
The contractor owns the eggs produced and pays the

contractee for his resources put into the system.

1. The user is the contractor (Input = 2). The
user is the contractee (Input = 3).

2. The user supplies the farm inputs (0 = yes,
1 = no).

13.

14.

15.

16.

44

continued
3. The user supplies the birds (0 = yes, 1 = no).
4. The user supplies the feed (0 = yes, 1 = no).

This item is to determine how the cost of cleaning out
this unit following the end of a production cycle is to
be charged. Select the best answer from the following
statements.

A. The additional costs of cleanout are charged to the
last flock occupying the unit. (Input = 2)

B. The additional costs of cleanout are to be charged
to the next flock occupying the unit. The costs
will be added to the bird cost and be depreciated
over the productive life of the flock. (Input = 3)

Does the egg production enterprise obtain cash or
credit for the sale of dried poultry waste? (0 = yes,
1 = no)

Expenses at the farm level. Expenses at this level
include all costs of the farm associated with egg pro-
duction except the costs of the unit or flocks. If
the farm engaged in enterprises other than egg pro-
duction, such costs should be divided with only a
certain percent being charged to egg production. If
the farm is involved with manure drying, these costs
may or may not be charged to egg production. If

these costs are to be charged to egg production, then
egg production should be credited with the sale value
of the end product. If manure drying is to be treated
as a separate enterprise, then egg production should
be credited for the raw material value of the manure
only.

The costs at this level will be divided by the number
of units associated with this farm. These expenses
should be current and Egg projected costs. If the
expenses are not appropriate for the user's operation,
a single zero for each item is required. The input
for each item is in dollars and costs are annual.

A. Operational management. This expense should
include all salaries, expenses and fringe
benefits of those in management or supervisory
positions. The costs of the layer servicemen
responsible for this farm can be included here.

16.

17.

45

continued

B.

Z 3 I." 71

Administration. In this area the costs include
the salaries, expenses and fringe benefits of
secretaries, accountants and other technically
skilled people not in management positions.

This cost should also include legal and technical
fees.

Hired labor. Here the user should include any
hourly paid employees used on a regular basis
on the farm.

Maintenance of building(s) and equipment.

Maintenance of vehicles. This should include the
maintenance of all vehicles owned or leased by
the farm for the purpose of carrying on the
business of the egg production enterprise. This
should include gasoline and oil expenses as well
as other mechanical maintenance.

Utilities.

Supplies. This includes the cost of all supplies
used for the purpose of egg production.

Lease. Record the annual rental fees of land,
building(s), equipment and vehicles.

Insurance and taxes. This includes taxes and
insurance of land, building(s), equipment and
vehicles. It may include employee taxes and
company paid employee insurance costs.

Interest expense. Record the total interest cost
on all liabilities.

Depreciation of farm vehiC1es.
Depreciation of farm building(s).
Depreciation of farm equipment.

Other. Record any other farm level cash expenses
not included in the categories above.

Cost of egg packing supplies. If the user supplies the
materials for egg packing to the processor, input is
the average cost per 30 dozen case in cents. If the
user does not supply any packing materials, input
equals zero. This cost will be updated the same as
item 16.G.

18.

19.

20.

46

This item updates with a percent value the expenses for
items 16.A. through 16.N. for the first year of the run.
If the user answered any question with a zero or he
does not expect any change in cost, he should also
answer here with a zero. If the user answered question
16.G. with a zero but he pays for egg packing materials,
the update value may be something other than zero.

One of the purposes of item 13 was to determine who
owns the eggs produced. If the user answered 13.A.
with a 1000, ignore this item and go to item 21. If
the user answered 13.B.l. with a 2, select the best
answer from statements A-E. The user is assumed to be
a contractor and the answer for item 19 is a contract
cost. If the user answered 13.B.l. with a 3, select
the best answer from statements A-E. The user is
assumed to be a contractee and the answer for item 19
is considered to be payment for the user's resources
consumed in the egg production program per period

(4 weeks).

A. The method of payment is a percent of total egg
receipts. (Input = 1)

B. The method of payment is a flat rate per dozen
eggs sold. (Input = 2)

C. The method of payment is a flat rate per dozen
eggs sold by size. (Input = 3)

D. The method of payment is a flat rate per thousand
birds at time of housing. (Input = 4)

E. The method of payment is a flat rate per thousand
birds at start of period. (Input = 5)

The answers to this item are dependent upon the user's
answer to the previous item.

A. If the input to item 19 was a 1, express the method
of payment as a percent.

B. If the input to item 19 was a 2, express the method
of payment as cents per dozen.

C. If the input to item 19 was a 3, express the method
of payment in cents per dozen by size.

1. Jumbo and extra large
2. Large

3. Medium

20.

21.

22.

47

continued

D.

4. Small
5. Peewee
6. Chex and undergrades

If the input to item 19 was a 4 or 5, express the
method of payment in dollars per 1,000 birds.

If the answer to item 15 (Do you sell dried poultry
waste?) was a zero (yes), answer the following. Other-
wise, go to the next item.

A.

C.

Input the sale price per ton of poultry waste from
the last historical data. (Input = dollars per
ton)

What is the percent moisture content of the poultry
waste sold? (Non-dried poultry waste averages
about 80% moisture.)

Estimate with a percent value the change in price
per ton for the first year of the run.

If the user indicated in item 13 that he provides the
birds for this farm, answer the following. Other-
wise, ignore this item.

A.

B.

Input in cents per pound the value of spent hens
from the user's last historical data.

Estimate with a percent value the expected change
in price per pound for spent hens for the first
year of the run.

The input values for the remainder of this section depend
upon the length of the run.

23.

If the length of run is greater than one year, answer
item A with at least a zero. Ignore item B and/or
item C if the user does not sell poultry waste or the
user does not own the birds used on the farm.

A.

Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for items 16.A. through 16.N. for the
second year of the run.

Estimate with a percent value the change in the
price of poultry waste for the second year of the
run.

23.

24.

48

continued

C. Estimate with a percent value the change in the
value per pound for spent hens for the second
year of the run.

If the length of the run is three years, answer item A
with at least a zero. Ignore item B and/or item C if
the user does not sell poultry waste or the user does
now own the birds used on the farm.

A. Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for items 16.A. through 16.B. for the
third year of the run.

B. Estimate with a percent value the change in the
price of poultry waste for the third year of the
run.

C. Estimate with a percent value the change in the
value per pound for spent hens for the third
year of the run.

49

General Unit Information

 

Input Items

 

This section defines the expenses and other variables

of the laying house(s) that make up the unit. If there is

more than one house in the unit all flocks occupying these

houses must follow a single production cycle and all costs

should be summed. At the end of a production cycle a flock

may be sold or molted. In both cases the next flock is

considered a separate flock from its predecessor.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

Unit name. The unit name is limited to 10 characters.
The name can either be numeric code or alphabetic. A
sample unit name might be BARKER l. Barker is the
unit name and 1 indicates a particular house.

Number of flocks that will be housed in this unit for
the duration of the run. The maximum number of flocks
allowed per unit is five.

This model allows a unit to enter or leave the system
during the run. A further explanation of this item
can be found in Section I. under "Buy or Sell Unit."

A. Indicate when the unit will begin. The first
column is for the year and the neXt two columns
are for the period.

B. Indicate when this unit will be terminated. The
first column is for the year and the next two
columns are for the period.

Bird capacity of this unit. (Maximum is 250,000 birds.

Average length of time for cleanout in weeks.
(Maximum is 9 weeks.)

Expenses at the unit level. If the user indicated in
item 13.B.2. that he does not supply the farm inputs
(Input = 1) into the system, the user should ignore
this item. The expenses at this level include the

30.

31.

32.

33.

50
continued

costs of the laying house(s) and equipment. These
costs will be distributed over the flocks of this unit.
Expenses should be current and not projected. If some
of these expenses are not appropriate, a single zero
is required. The input for each item is in dollars
and costs are annual.

A. Hired labor. Record the total annual labor costs
for this unit. Include all the employee benefits
and costs paid for by the company. This expense
should not include any additional labor costs
for moving birds into or from the house(s) nor
those additional labor costs associated with the
cleanout.

B. Maintenance of laying house(s) and equipment.
C. Utilities.

D. Supplies. This should not include any additional
supplies used in the cleanout.

E. Insurance and taxes.

F. Interest expense. This should include the
interest cost on the outstanding debt of the
laying house(s) and equipment.

G. Depreciation of laying house(s).

H. Depreciation of laying house equipment.

I. Other. Record any other',cash expense of the laying
house(s) or equipment not included in the above

items.

Indicate the sum total of the current costs associated
with the cleanout of this unit to the user. The input
for this item is in dollars.

Indicate the average additional current labor cost
and/or shipping cost to the user for moving birds
from the unit. The input for this item is in dollars.

The following items update the expenses for items 30,
31, and 32 for the first year of the run. If the
user ignored item 30, he should also ignore 33.A.

A. Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for items 30.A. through 30.1. for the
first year of the run.

33.

34.

51

continued

B. Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for item 31 for the first year of the
run.

C. Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for item 32 for the first year of the
run.

This item is intended to measure unit efficiency.
Calculate the square footage of each house in the unit.
This should be the outside dimensions. If there is
more than one house, the input equals the sum of all
houses. (Square footage equals length x width.) If
the user does not wish to have this variable measured
he should input a zero.

The next two items are dependent upon the length of the run.
If the length of run is one year, ignore these items and
go to item 37.

35.

36.

If the length of run is greater than one year, answer
the following. These items update items 30, 31, and
32 for the second year of the run. If the user
ignored item 30, he should ignore 35.A.

A. Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for items 30.A. through 30.1. for the
second year of the run.

B. Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for item 31 for the second year of
the run.

C. Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for item 32 for the second year of
the run.

If the length of run is three years, answer the
following. These items update items 30, 31, and 32
for the third year of the run. If the user ignored
item 30, he should ignore 36.A.

A. Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for items 30.A. through 30.1. for the
third year of the run.

B. Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for item 31 for the third year of
the run.

36.

52

continued

C.

Estimate with a percent value the change in
expenses for item 32 for the third year of
the run.

The following items pertain to the first flock only.

37.

38.

The first flock of each unit can enter the run at any
age or the houses can be in the process of being
cleaned out. Answer either question A or B.

A.

If the unit is presently being cleaned out the
input for this item should be the remaining
weeks of the cleanout. This value should never
be greater than the value for item 29. If this
unit is not being cleaned out, Input = 0.

If the unit is presently occupied by a flock of
force molted hens and this flock has passed the
age of capitalization, Input = 0; otherwise,
Input = 1.

How many birds have died since the start of the flock?
If the house is being cleaned out, Input = 0.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

53

General Flock Information

 

Input Forms

 

Multichix has built into it egg production standards
for six major leghorn strains. For each strain there
is production data for both pullet and force molted
hens. A description of this data can be found in the
first section under "Standards." If the user does
not wish to use any of the specific strain standards
he must use the general production standard. The
input for this item is the value listed under Key.

 

Standards 391
A General Production 01
B. Babcock B-300 02
C. DeKalb 231 03
D. H & N Nickchick 04
E. Hyline W—36 05
F. Kimber K—137 06
G Shaver Starcross 288 07

Is this flock started pullets or molted hens?
(0 = started pullets, 1 = molted hens)

This item deals with the ages of the flock at the start
and at the end of the production cycle. The user should
refer back to Section 1, "Standards", for the maximum
allowable weeks for hen flocks. The ending age for
pullet flocks should never be greater than 80 weeks.

A. Starting age of this flock.
B. Ending age of this flock.

Estimate the average body weight per bird at the
end of the cycle.

At the end of this production cycle, what percent of
the remaining flock will be sold? The input must be
in a whole percent.

At the time of placement or start of the run, how many
birds are in or will be in the flock? If this is the
first flock for this unit answer part A only, other-
wise answer part B.

44.

45.

54

continued

A.

If the first flock is a pullet flock answer 1,
otherwise answer 2.

1. If this unit is presently being cleaned out,
how many birds are to be placed in the
house(s)?

2. How many birds are presently in the flock?
Your answer should be the number of birds
started less the mortality to date (item 38).
This answer plus the answer to item 38 should
never be greater than the unit capacity
(item 28).

If this flock is a pullet flock answer 1, other-
wise answer 2.

1. Record the number of birds to be placed in the
house(s) at the start of the flock. This
answer should not be greater than the unit
capacity (item 28).

2. If the user wishes only to molt the birds
from the previous flock, input = 0. If the
user wishes to add birds up to the unit
capacity, input = 1.

What is the book value of this flock? If this is the
first flock for this unit answer part A only,
otherwise answer part B.

A.

Record the total book value of this flock. Your
answer should include the cost of the flock not
yet capitalized and any cost reserved for salvage
value.

If the flock is a pullet flock answer 1, otherwise
answer 2.

1. Record the total cost of this flock at the
time of placement. This cost may include the
purchase price of the flock plus shipping
costs and any extra labor cost at time of
placement.

2. If the user answered item 44.B.2. with a
zero the computer will use only the non-
capitalized costs from the previous flock.
If the user wishes to add any costs the input
should be only those costs, otherwise input
should be zero.

45.

46.

47.

48.

55

continued

If the user answered item 44.B.2. with a one,
the computer will add the approximate cost of
the birds to be added to the flock plus the non-
capitalized costs from the previous flock. The
input for this item should be only the costs of
the birds to be added to the flock. This cost
should include the purchase price of the birds
to be added to the flock plus hauling costs

and any added labor costs for placement.

Estimate the flock-end average hen-day egg production
expected from this flock.

Expenses at the flock level. These expenses will be
distributed over the flock from the day of placement
or start of molt until the end of its production
cycle. The expenses will be added to bird cost until
the time of capitalization. If any of these costs
are not appropriate, a zero is required. These
expenses will REE be updated and they should be
projected.

A. Medication. This should include the total cost
of medication regardless of how it is administered
to the laying flock. If the flock is to be
revaccinated prior to force molting, the cost
should be charged to the force molted flock.

B. Insurance and taxes. This should include all
insurance and taxes charged to the flock.

C. Interest expense. Record the cost of capital
on the outstanding liability on the flock.

D. Other. Record any other cash costs not included
in the above items.

This item is composed of four questions. Each question
has five parts with two inputs per part. The user
must answer at least the first part of each question
and the last age must be greater than the last week of
the production cycle for each flock.

A. Feed consumption. The first input is the pounds
of feed per 100 birds per day and the second
input is the flock age. This question allows the
user to change feed consumption five times during
the production cycle.

48.

49.

56

continued

B.

Feed type. The first input is the code (1-6) used
in item 7 and the second input is the flock age.
This question simulates phase feeding. The user
can change the type of feed five times during the
production cycle.

Mortality. The first input is the average
(percent) mortality pernmmth and the second
input is the flock age. The user can change
the percent mortality five times during the
production cycle.

Egg loss. The first input is the average percent
egg loss and the second input is the flock age.
The user can change the percent egg loss five
times during the production cycle.

If this flock is a force molted flock, indicate the
age when production of eggs begins. Ignore this
item if this flock is a pullet flock.

57

SECTION III. OUTPUT SAMPLES

This section of the handbook presents samples of out-
put. Shown in Table A.1. is an example of correctly
recorded input. Ouput shows item numbers, in parentheses,
followed by input values. Table.A.2. presents an example
of incorrectly recorded input. Error statements appear
below lines with errors and indicate which item is
incorrect. It is important to note, however, that these
error statements only indicate input the model is not
designed to handle (e.g., a 3 recorded where the computer
is programmed to read a 0, l or 2). To determine that his
own input is correct, the user mpg; compare his output
data against that recorded on input forms.

The third sample of output (Table A.3.) is a state-
ment for each unit, each period of the run. This output
will only be presented if the user answers Item 1. with a
l or 2. The next two samples (Table A.4. and Table A.5.)
are farm and program summaries. The first table is a
summary for the period and the second is a year-end summary.
To get this type of output, the user must put either a 2 or

3 in Item 1.

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63

General Program Information

(1)

(3)
(5-6)
(8-9)
(ll-13)
(15-21)
(23-29)
(31-37)
(39-45)
(47-53)
(55-61)
(63-69)
(71-77)

(1-7)
(9-15)
(17-23)
(ZS-31)
(33-39)
(41-47)
(49)
(51-53)
(55-57)
(59-61)
(63-65)
(67-69)
(71-73)

(1-5)
(7-11)
(13-17)
(19-23)
(ZS-29)
(31-35)
(37-41)
(43-47)
(49-53)
(55-59)

8.A.K.
8.A.L.

8.A.M.

\ouamnoxouamnoxouamnoxouamno
OOOOOOWUJWII’S’CD'WPV?‘
O\thtnBJFHJDOFJ\JOHJJ>UJNHH

YEAR 1

\DmflmmvbWNl-J

HHHH
wwpo

Page__

(61-65)
(67-71)

(73-77)

(1-5)
(7-11)

(13-15)
(17-18)
(20-21)
(23-24)
(26-27)
(29-30)
(32-33)
(13-14)
(16-17)
(19-20)
(13-14)
(16-17)
(19-20)
(22-23)
(25-26)

(28-29)
(31-32)
(34-35)
(37-38)
(40-41)
(43-44)
(46-47)
(49-50)
(52-53)
(55-56)
(SB-59)
(61-62)
(64-65)

64

General Program Information continued

(__)
10.A.A.

10.A.B.
10.A.C.
10.A.D.
10.A.E.
10.A.F.
10.A.G.
10.A.H.
10.A.I.

10.A.J.

YEAR 2

YEAR 3

14
15
l6
17

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

(67-68)
(70-71)
(73-74)
(76-77)

(1-2)
(4-5)
(7-8)
(10-11)
(13*14)
(16-17)
(19-20)
(22-23)
(25-26)

(28-29)
(31-32)
(34-35)
(37-38)
(40-41)
(43-44)
(46-47)
(49-50)
(52-53)
(55-56)
(58-59)
(61-62)
(64-65)

(1-5)
(7-11)
(13-17)
(19-23)
(25-29)
(31-35)
(37-41)
(43—47)
(49-53)
(55-59)

10.A.K.
10.A.L.

10.A.M.

(fl_)
10.A.N.

lO.B.

11.A.A.
11.A.B.
11.A.C.
11.A.B.
11.A.B.
11.A.F.
11.A.G.
11.A.H.
11.A.I.
11.A.J.

11.A.K.

(_)
11.A.L.

11.A.M.
11.A.N.

11.B.

Page__

(61-65)
(67-71)

(73—77)

(1-5)
(7-11)
(13-17)
(19-23)
(25-29)
(31—35)
(37-41)
(43-47)
(49-53)
(55-59)
(61-65)
(67-71)

(73-77)

(1'5)
(7-11)
(13-17)
(19-23)

(__>
12.
13.A.
13.B.1.
13.B.2.
13.B.3.
13.B.4.
14.

15.
16.A.
16.B.
16.C.
l6.D.
16.B.
l6.F.
16.G.
l6.H.
<_>
16.1.
16.J.
l6.K.
16.L.
l6.M.
16.N.
l7.
18.A.

18.B.
18.C.
18.D.

(_)
18.B.

18.F.
18.G.
18.H.
18.I.
18.J.
18.K.
18.L.

General Farm Information

65

 

(1-3)
(5-8)
(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)
(10)
(12)
(14-20)
(22-28)
(30-36)
(38-44)
(46-52)
(54-60)
(62-68)
(70-76)

(1-7)
(9-15)
(17-23)
(25-31)
(33-39)
(41—47)
(49-51)
(53-57)
(59-63)
(65—69)

(71-75)

(1-5)
(7-11)
(13-17)
(19-23)
(25-29)
(31-35)
(37-41)

(43-47)

18.M.
18.N.
19.
20.A.
20.B.
20.C.l.
20.C.2.
20.C.3.
20.C.4.
20.C.5.

20.C.6.
20.D.

L__)

21.A.
21.13.
21.C.

22.A.
22.B.

23.A.A.
23.A.B.
23.A.C.
23.A.D.
23.A.E.
23.A.F.
23.A.G.
23.A.H.
23.A.I.

(_)
23.A.J.

23.A.K.
23.A.L.

23.A.M.

Page__

(49-53)
(55-59)
(61)
(63-64)
(63-64)
(63-64)
(66-67)
(69-70)
(72-73)
(75-76)
(78-79)
(63-65)
(1-3)
(5-6)
(8-12)

(14-15)
(l7-21)

(23-27)
(29-33)
(35-39)
(41-45)
(47-51)
(53-57)
(59-63)
(65-69)

(71-75)

(1-5)
(7-11)
(13-17)
(19-23)

General Farm Information continued

23.A.N.
23.B.

23.C.

24.A.A.
24.A.B.
24.A.C.
24.A.D.
24.A.B.
24.A.F.

(_)
24.A.G.

24.A.H.
24.A.I.
24.A.J.
24.A.K.
24.A.L.
24.A.M.
24.A.N.
24.B.

24.C.

66

(25-29)
(31-35)
(37-41)
(43-47)
(49-53)
(55-59)
(61-65)
(67-71)

(73-77)

(1-5)
(7-11)
(13-17)
(19-23)
(25-29)
(31-35)
(37-41)
(43-47)
(49-53)
(55-59)

33.A.C.
33.A.D.
33.A.E.
33.A.F.

33.A.G.

)

(

3 .A.H.
33.A.I.
33.13.
33.C.

34.
35.A.A.

35.A.B.

67

General Unit Information

 

(1-10)
(12)
(14-16)
(18-20)
(22-27)
(29)
(31-37)
(39-45)
(47-53)
(55-61)
(63-69)
(71-77)

(1-7)
(9-15)
(17-23)
(25-29)
(31-35)
(37-41)
(43-47)
(49-53)
(55-59)
(61-65)
(67-71)

(73-77)

(1-5)
(7-11)
(13-17)
(19-23)

(25-30)
(32-36)

(38-42)

35.A.C.
35.A.D.
35.A.B.
35.A.F.
35.A.G.
35.A.H.

(___)
35.A.I.

35.B.

35.C.

36.A.A.
36.A.B.
36.A.C.
36.A.D.
36.A.B.
36.A.F.
36.A.G.
36.A.H.

36.A.I.

Page__

(44-48)
(50-54)
(56-60)
(62-66)
(68-72)

(74-78)

(1-5)
(7-11)
(13-17)
(19-23)
(25-29)
(31-35)
(37-41)
(43-47)
(49-53)
(55—59)
(61-65)
(67-71)

(73-77)

(1-5)

(7)
(9-14)

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68

General Flock Information

 

(1-2)
(4)
(6-8)
(10-12)
(l4-16)
(18-20)
(22-27)
(29-35)
(37-39)
(41-47)
(49-55)
(57-63)
(65-72)

(1-2)

(4-5)

(7-8)

(10-11)
(13-14)
(36-37)
(39-40)
(42-43)
(45-46)
(48-49)

(1-2)

(4-5)

(7-8)

(10-11)
(13-14)
(36-37)
(39-40)
(42-43)
(45-46)
(48-49)
(71-73)

I II I II I II I
I II I II I II I
I II I II I || |

(16-18)
(20-22)
(24-26)
(28-30)
(32-34)
(51-53)
(55-57)
(59-61)
(63-65)
(67-69)

(16-18)
(20-22)
(24-26)
(28-30)
(32-34)
(51-53)
(55-57)
(59-61)
(63-65)
(67-69)

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX B

STRUCTURE AND LOGIC OF MULTICHIX

Multichix is a structured computer simulation model
composed of a main program and eighteen subprograms. The
model is written in the artificial language Fortran and is
designed to be run on a C.D.C. 6500 digital computer.

The purpose of this appendix is to describe the
modules (main program and subprograms) and indicate how
each fits into the total program. Module names and
variable names are capitalized.

Figure B.1. presents a flowchart of the model.

Note it both'starts and ends in the main program, MULCHX.
Numbers beside module names indicate the order in which
each module is discussed but do not necessarily indicate
the order in which each is called by the model. On the
right side of the flowchart is a circle representing a
permanent file in which poultry standards are stored.
This file is attached to the program and can only be read

by the subprogram STRANE.

69

70

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71

In the following discussion, modules 2-5 and modules
12 and 13 are preparatory modules. They define various
variables used in later subprograms. ~.Module 7 (MORTAL)
through module 11 (EXPENSE) execute when the flock is
housed and during egg production. Module 14 (NEWFLK)
through module 16 (HOLDPAT) execute when flocks are being
changed in a unit or when being force molted. The final
three modules (PRINTl, PRINTZ, and PRINT3) are used for
output formats and definition of output variables.

To avoid confusion between the listing of the model
and this discussion, the following arguments are constant.
The model, in many cases, uses "dummy" arguments to re-

farm, J = unit, K = flock,

present real arguments: I
M = year of the run, and X = nonspecific subscripts nor-
mally found in looping procedures. A numeric argument
defines X. Some variables are used for the sole purpose
of routing execution. Those variables that contain the
word "KEY" or "FLAG" are used for this purpose. Variables
that contain the words "TEMP" or "TEST" are nonspecific
variables and may, during execution, have various defini-
tions.

All variable names that are preceded by the charac-
ters I, J, K, L, M or N contain interger (whole number)
values. Any variable preceded by a character other than
those above is used as a real (fractional number) value.
All variable names that end with the alphabetic characters

"PD" are used for period or four-week analyses. All

72

variables that end with the alphabetic characters "YTD"

are used for flock-to-date or year-to-date analyses.

1. MULCHX

 

MULCHX,

as mentioned earlier, is the main program.

This module has three primary purposes which are:

1.

To establish data blocks by use of labeled

commons and to define many of the subscripted

variables by means of data statements.

To start four of the five major loops in the

model.

a)

b)

C)

d)

The most outer loop (M) runs from 1 to
the length (LENTH) of the run in years as
determined by the user.

The next inner loop (N) starts at l and
runs to 13 periods for each year.

The third loop (I) runs from 1 to the
number of farms (NOF) in the run.

The fourth and most inner loop (J) in this
module tests each of the production units
under each farm to determine if the unit
is in the run for period N. If the test
is positive, subprogram CALC is called.
(The last of the five major loops is in

the module CALC.)

73
3. To call several subprograms. The modules called
by MULCHX are:
a) READIN,
b) NEWYEAR,
C) GENERAT,
d) SETSIZE,
e) CALC,
f) PRINTZ, and

g) PRINTB.

2. READIN

 

This first subprogram called by MULCHX has three
primary purposes. First, it reads into memory the user
input. It makes several calculations from this input and
also tests many of the input values for "out of range"
type errors.

As stated earlier, one of the prime objectives of
this model is to allow all users, regardless of size of
program or type of contractual arrangement, access to the
model for purposes of projecting or budgeting. To do this,
input was developed on four levels:

1. General Program Information,

2. General Farm Information,

3. General Unit Information, and

4. General Flock Information.

Figure A.1. in the-handbook (Appendix A) shows how

input data is read into memory. Three straight arrows

74
indicate change of control from a higher to a lower level
of input. Two semi-circular arrows indicate a looping
procedure from a lower to a higher level of input. The
arrow on the right side of the page is executed when an
end of file (EOF) card is read and control then again
returns to MULCHX.

As suggested by the flowchart, the general program or
level 1 data is read into memory first. Execution then
proceeds to read into memory data for the first farm at
level 2. Execution continues to read into memory data for
unit 1 under farm 1 at level 3. All the flock data under
unit 1 at level 4 is then read into memory. Execution
next returns to level 3 to test for data of a second unit
under farm 1. If there is no data for a second unit,
execution returns to level 2 to test for data of a second
farm. If data for a second farm is found, execution
begins a second downward movement until all input data
has been read into memory.

Calculations made in this module are:

1. Change all projected egg prices [EGGPRC(X)]
other than projected large egg prices to a
percent of projected large egg price.

2. Test when a unit will enter [KEYST(J)] or

leave [KEYND(J)] the run.

75

3. Change projected expenses at the program level
[CSTPROG(X)], farm level [CSTFARM(I,X)], and
unit level [CSTUNIT(J,X)] from yearly costs to
weekly costs.

4. Change the projected costs at the flock level
[CSTFLK(J,K,X)] to weekly costs.

5. Change the projected costs of cleaning out a
unit [CSTKLN(J)] to an average projected

weekly cost.

3 . NEWYEAR

 

NEWYEAR was developed to change or update expenses.
The user of the model is asked to input current yearly
expenses [CSTPROG(X), CSTFARM(I,X), CSTUNIT(J,X)] based
on his most recent historical data or his most recent
income statement for the egg production program. He is
then asked to project how each of these costs will change
[UPPROG(X), UPFARM(I,X), UPUNIT(J,X)] for each year of
the run. From this data NEWYEAR then adds 1.0 to the
percent change and multiplies this sum by the expense for
each year of the run. Following is a summary of how a
starting management cost of $30,000 would change over a

three year run.

 

 

 

 

Average
Starting Yearly Management
Year Cost/Week Change (%) Cost/Week
1 $576.92 +6.5 $614.42
2 614.42 -5.0 583.70

3 583.70 +9.0 636.23

76

Other expenses which are updated in this subroutine

are:

1. Feed prices [CSTFEED(X)],

2. Egg packing supplies [CSTEPS(I)],

3. House cleaning costs [CSTKLN(J)], and

4. Labor charges for removing birds from the
unit [CSTLBR(J)].

NEWYEAR also updates two potential sales items:

1. If the user sells dried poultry waste [DPW(J,1) =
0], NEWYEAR updates the selling price per ton
[DPW(J,2)] for each year of the run.

2. If the user owns the birds [IFS(I,3) = 0], pro-
jected changes in spent hen prices [BRVL(I)] per

pound are updated each year.

4. GENERAT

 

Multichix allows the user three ways to project farm
egg prices (MTDPRC). The first method utilizes historical
data and is referred to as the "egg pricing generator"
[GEN(X)]. As noted in Appendix A, data for the generator
was calculated from average grade A large shell egg
(per dozen) prices paid to Iowa egg producers from
June 1972 to December 1975 (Armstrong, 19g. git.).

If the user chooses to use the generator (MTDPRC = 1),

he selects a point along the generator (Figure A.2.)

77

and inputs the following data in dozens:

1. Starting point for price generator [EGGPRC(l)],

2. Starting price for large eggs [EGGPRC(2)],

3. Average price expected 22923 large egg price for

X-large and jumbo eggs [EGGPRC(3)],

4. Average price expected bglgw_large egg price for

medium eggs [EGGPRC(4)],

5. Average price expected below large egg price for

small eggs [EGGPRC(5)],

6. Average price expected below large egg price for

peewee eggs [EGGPRC(6)], and

7. Average price expected below large egg price for

chex and undergrade eggs [EGGPRC(7)].
As mentioned in the discussion of the module READIN, all
prices are calculated as a percent of the large egg price.
This eliminates the possibility of egg prices falling
below zero unless the projected large egg price falls
below zero.

The second method of pricing eggs is to project a
yearly blend price (MTDPRC = 2). If the user chooses this
method, he inputs a projected blend price [EGGPRC(M)] for
each year of the run and all eggs are sold at this pro-
jected price.

The third method (MTDPRC = 3) is a combination of the

first two methods. If he chooses this method, the user

78

must input a projected large egg price for each period of
the run [EGGPRC(X)] as well as the expected egg prices for
other sizes.

Subprogram GENERAT has but two objectives and they
are: 1) to determine the method the user chooses and
2) to determine the projected large egg price for each

period.

5. SETSIZE

 

Multichix allows the user to buy a production unit
or acquire a new contract and/or sell a production unit
or terminate a contract during the run. The user is
asked to input for each unit its beginning and ending
period [JPD(J), NPD(J)] and year [JYR(J), NYR(J)].

SETSIZE tests the variables KEYST(J) and KEYND(J)
to see if the unit is in the run for the present period.
If the test is positive, the capacity of the unit in
question [KAPUN(J)] is added to the variable KAPROG
which contains the bird capacity of all units in the
program. KAPUN(J) is also added to the variable
KAPFARM(I) which contains the bird capacity for each farm.
These variables are used later in the distribution of

expenses in the subprogram EXPENSE.

6. CALC
Subprogram CALC, like the module MULCHX, was devel-
oped to control execution and not to perform analytical

routines. This module makes several tests to determine

79

the flock status of each unit which has entered the sub-
program and the route of execution. As mentioned in
MULCHX, the fifth of the five major loops (K) both starts
and ends in this module. This loop cycles four times,
once for each week of the period. It can be prematurely
ended only if the unit is terminated prior to the end of
each period.

This module calls ten subprograms:

1. NEWFLK,

2. OLDFLK,

3. HOLDPAT,

4. SETDEP,

5. STRANE,

6. MORTAL,

7. PRODUCT,

8. SALES,

9. EXPENSE, and

10. PRINT 1.

7. MORTAL

 

MORTAL was developed for the purpose of inventory
control and consists of only twelve executable statements.
The subprogram can be entered only from CALC and only if
the flock being considered is in egg production. For
flocks which are being force molted, inventory control is

maintained by the subprogram HOLDPAT.

80

To measure the weekly bird mortality [LOSTPD(J)], the
local variable MO is made equal to the variable KEYMO(J)
(defined as l at the start of each flock in NEWFLK). The
present flock age [IAGE(J,K)] is tested to see if it is
less than or equal a: MRTAGE(J,K,MO) (the maximum flock
age at which the percent mortality [ORT(J,K,MO)] is to be
used). If the test is negative, KEYMO(J) is incremented
by l and the test occurs again. If the test is positive,
TEMLOST becomes equal to NUMBER(J) or the present number
of birds in the flock times ORT(J,K,MO). LOST is set
equal to TEMLOST plus 0.5 to change the mortality from a
real value to an integer value. LOSTPD(J) is incremented
by LOST.

Accumulated flock mortality [LOSTYTD(J)] is measured
by incrementing LOSTYTD(J) by LOST. The average number
of birds in the flock for the week (KONBRD) is equal to
the difference between NUMBER(J) and LOST divided by two.
Subtracting LOST from NUMBER(J) gives the number of birds

in the flock less weekly bird mortality.

8. PRODUCT

 

This module was designed to project weekly egg pro-
duction for each flock entering this module older than
20 weeks of age. If the flock is a pullet flock, the
variable KK is determined by subtracting 19 from the age
of the flock [IAGE(J,K)]. If the flock is a hen flock,

KK is measured by subtracting MOLT(J) less 1 from

81

IAGE(J,K). The reason for doing this is that production
standards [PROD(X1,X2)] in memory for pullet flocks have
a range for X1 of l to 61 which correspond to pullet ages

of 20 to 80 weeks. For force molted hens, X has a range

1
of l to 50 which corresponds to egg production for the
weeks starting at the end of the force molting procedure.
The subscript X2 has a range of l to 8 (see Table B.1.)
which corresponds to egg distribution for each

week. For molted flocks the value of MOLT(J) less one
minus IAGE(J,K) is the number of weeks since the start of
egg production and for these flocks PRODUCT will never be '
executed unless the flocks have completed the molting
phase and egg production has begun.

The next step, once KK has been calculated, is to
find the weekly hen-day production average [TEMPAVE] which
is the sum of PROD(KK,1)~and the egg production adjust-
ment [ADJAVE(J)]. ADJAVE(J) will be discussed in NEWFLK.

At this point in the execution if the flock is a
force molted flock, the module SETDEP has never been
entered by this flock and TEMPAVE is greater than or
equal to CAPHEN, the subprogram SETDEP is called and a
capitalization schedule is determined for this flock.

The next step in PRODUCT is to increment several

groups of variables which will later be used as output

variables in the print routines.

82

Table B.1. Production averages and egg distribution for
the array PROD(KK,X)

 

 

 

Value of X Definition of X
1 Average hen-day egg production
2 Accumulated average hen-day egg production
3 Percent jumbo and extra large eggs
4 Percent large eggs
5 Percent medium eggs
6 Percent small eggs
7 Percent peewee eggs
8 Percent chex and undergrade eggs

 

83

1. The variables KEYPD(J), KEYYTD(J) and KEYYTD2(J)
are incremented by l which counts the times
this module is entered.

2. The variables KBRDPD(J), KBRDYTD(J) and KBRDYTDZ
are incremented by the average number of birds
in the flock for that week (KONBRD).

If TEMPAVE is greater than zero, the following three
variables, PRODPD(J,l), PRODYTD(J,l) and PRODAN(J,1), are
incremented by the value of TEMPAVE. The testing of
TEMPAVE eliminates the summing of negative production
values since TEMPAVE can have a negative value if the sum
of PROD(KK,1) and ADJAVE(J) is negative.

Total dozens of eggs produced is then measured by
DOZ which is equal to the product of KONBRD times TEMPAVE
divided by 12.0 (eggs per dozen) times 7 (days in a week).
The three variables, PRODPD(J,2), PRODYTD(J,2) and
PRODAN(J,2), are incremented by DOZ.

The final routine in PRODUCT calculates egg produc-
tion in dozens for each of the other sizes and grades
(EGG). EGG is measured by the product of DOZ times
PROD(J,X). The two variables, PRODPD(J,X) and PRODYTD(J,X),

are incremented by EGG.

9. CONSUME

 

The subprogram CONSUME has but one purpose and that
is to measure the total tons of feed consumed by a flock

for each week the flock is in egg production. Like the

84

routine used in MORTAL, a local variable, K0, is made equal
to KEYKO(J). IAGE(J,K) is then tested to see if it is less
than or equal to MRTAGE(J,K,KO), the maximum flock age at
which the user input [CON(J,K,KO)] can be used. CON(J,K,KO)
carries the value of feed consumed per 100 birds per day.
If the test is negative, KEYKO(J) is incremented by l and
the test occurs again. If the test is positive, the
variable TONCON(J) is measured. TONCON(J), the weekly

feed consumption in tons, is found by determining the
product of 7 (days of the week) times CON(J,K,KO) times
KONBRD and dividing this by 200,000.0 (100 times 2,000
pounds). The two variables TONPD(J) and TONYTD(J) are
incremented by TONCON(J). KEYFD1(J) and KEYFD2(J), which
are counters, are incremented by l and the variables

KFDPD(J) and KFDYTD(J) are incremented by KONBRD.

10. SALES

 

This model operates on the assumption that each
unit has three potential products for sale: eggs, poultry
waste and spent hens. The projected sale value of spent
hens is calculated only in the module OLDFLK and only in
the module SALES is the production value of eggs and
poultry waste estimated.

SALES calculates the production value for each
size or grade of egg (egg distribution) in dozens. The
egg distribution includes jumbo plus extra large, large,

medium, small, peewee and chex plus undergrades.

85

As previously discussed in the module GENERAT, a
user is allowed a choice of three possible ways to project
egg prices (MTDPRC) and the routine to be executed is
dependent upon the method selected. If the user selected
either the price generator (MTDPRC = l) or the large egg
price input (MTDPRC = 2), the routines followed are very
similar. The production value for each grade or size of
the egg distribution except large size eggs is measured by
multiplying DOZ (calculated in PRODUCT) times PROD(X,l)
times VAL (calculated in GENERAT) times EGGPRC(X)
(calculated in READIN from user input) to give the variable
VALUE. To calculate the production value of the large eggs
produced, EGGPRC(X) is ignored.

If the user selected the blend price method
(MTDPRC = 3) for projecting egg production values, the
variable VALUE is calculated as the product of DOZ times
PROD(X1,X2) times VAL where X1 is KK as calculated in
PRODUCT and X2 is as described in Table B.1.

Each time VALUE is calculated the values of
TVALPD(J,X) and TVALYTD(J,X) are incremented by VALUE and
the variable SALTEM(X) is made equal to VALUE. SALTEM(X)
will be used in the next subprogram, EXPENSE.

If the user indicated on input that poultry waste
is a salable product of the farm [MANURE(I) = 0], the
following routine is then executed. The average weekly
tons of dry poultry waste produced (TEMPDRY) is made equal

to the product of KONBRD times the constant 0.0002537:

86

7 days times .0725 (the average pounds of dry material
excreted per bird per day) divided by the constant 2,000.0
(pounds per ton). TEMPDRY is equal to 1.0 less the percent
moisture content of the product sold [DPW(J,2)]. The value
of DPW(J,2) comes from user input. The ratio of the per-
cent moisture to the percent dry material (TEMPRAT) is
calculated by dividing DPW(J,2) by TEMPDRY. Total tons of
the final material to be sold (SALTON) is calculated by
adding to TEMPDPW the product of TEMPRAT times TEMPDPW.

The final value of the product produced (PRCDPW) is
determined by the product of the projected sale price of
the poultry waste [DPW(J,1)], from user input, times
SALTON. Two variables, DPWPD(J) and DPWYTD(J), are
incremented by SALTON and two variables, PDPWPD(J) and

PDPWYTD(J), are incremented by PRCDPW.

ll. EXPENSE

 

The purpose of this module is to process the various
projected expenses into the output arrays CSTPD(J,X) and
TEXPD(J). In most cases if the value of FLAGDEP(J,K) is
equal to l, the output arrays CSTYTD(J,X) and TEXYTD(J)
are also incremented. CSTPD(J,X) and CSTYTD(J,X) are
defined in Table B.2. The arrays TEXPD(J) and TEXYTD(J)
are used to accumulate all expenses. For program, farm,
unit and flock level expenses the values of X will not be
defined as they are processed in looping routines. The

categories of expense for these levels can be found in

87

Table B.2. Definition of expenses for the arrays
CSTPD(J,X) and CSTYTD(J,X)

 

 

 

Value of X Definition of-X
1 Operational management
2 Administration
3 Hired labor
4 Maintenance of buildings and equipment
5 Maintenance of vehicles
6 Utilities
7 Supplies
8 Lease
9 Insurance and taxes
10 Interest
11 Depreciation of vehicles
12 Depreciation of buildings
13 Depreciation of equipment
14 Other
15 Feed
16 Contract
17 Medication

18 Depreciation of flock

 

 

88

Table B.3. or in Appendix A. In calculating feed expense,
contract expense, egg packing supplies expense and capi-
talization expense, X will be defined as the routines used
are designed specifically for these expenses.

This module also calculates the egg loss value which
is the difference between the value of eggs produced and
those sold. Also, the contract payments to producers are

measured in this module.

Program and farm level expenses. The routine used to

 

categorize expenses at these two levels is the same since
the only difference between these two levels is distribu-
tion of the expenses. Program level expenses are
distributed over all units in the program. The variable
measured is PCTEXP which is the relationship between
KAPUN(J) and KAPROG (calculated in SETSIZE). The total
amount of expense for each category (EXP) is equal to
PCTEXP times CSTPROG(X). For farm level expenses, the
costs are distributed only to those units associated with
the farm. For these expenses, KAPFARM(I) which was also
calculated in SETSIZE is substituted for KAPROG for the
calculation of PCTEXP. CSTFARM(I,X) is substituted for
CSTPROG(X) in the calculation of EXP. Output arrays are

incremented by EXP.

Unit level and farm level expenses. Two different

 

routines were designed to categorize these two levels of

expense because of the differences in number and types of

89

 

 

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expenses (9 categories of expenses at the unit level and
4 categories of expenses at the flock level). To move
these different categories of expenses into the proper
variable of the output arrays, the subscript X is changed
by the use of "computed go to" statements.

For unit level expenses the variable incremented by
the output arrays is CSTUNIT(J,X) and for flock level

expenses the variable is CSTFLK(J,K,X).

Egg packing supplies expense. This routine was

 

designed to allow egg packing supplies to be included as a
cost of production. It is executed if the user, on input,
defined the variable CSTEPS(I) with a value greater than

zero. Here, the total expense charges (EXP) are equal to
the product of CSTEPS(I) times DOZ (calculated in PRODUCT)
divided by 30 (dozens of eggs per case). Output arrays

are incremented by EXP and the value of X in these arrays

is 7.

Feed expense. To enter this routine the user must

 

own the feed consumed [IFS(I,4) = 0] by the flock. Once
entered, the type of feed consumed and the cost per ton of
feed consumed must be determined. To do this the local
variable IP (to be used as a subscript) is set to equal
KEYTP(J). If IAGE(J,K) is less than or equal to
IPEAGE(J,K,IP), the last age that a specific type of feed
will be fed to the flock, the local variable KP (to be

used as a subscript) is set equal to the type of feed

91
to be consumed by the flock [IYPE(J,K,IP)]. EXP is then
computed by multiplying CSTFEED(KP) times TONCON(J). The
output arrays (X = 16) are then incremented by EXP.
Another variable, FDYTD(J), is also incremented by EXP.
This variable is used for flock analysis. If IAGE(J,K) is
greater than IPEAGE(J,K,IP), the variable KEYTD(J) is

incremented by l and the test is made again.

Egg value lost. The author defines "egg value lost"

 

as the difference in the value between eggs produced and
eggs sold. These losses occur during handling of the
product on the farm, loss of the product in transit and
loss of the product during processing. Losses can be
large; consequently, the model attempts to measure this
difference.

The routine used to determine this loss is essentially
the same as used to measure mortality, feed consumption and
feed type. The local variable L (to be used as a subscript)
is set equal to KEYLO(J) which was defined at the start of
each flock in NEWFLK. If IAGE(J,K) is less than
LOSSAGE(J,K,LO), SALOS (value of eggs produced) is equal
to SALOS times the difference between 1.0 and OSS(J,K,LO)
which is the projected egg loss expressed as a percent.

The arrays SALPD(J) and SALYTD(J) are incremented by

SALOS.

92

Contract expenses and receipts. In this model, a user

 

can be an owner-operator, contractor, or contractee (see
Item 13 of Appendix A). If the user is a contractor
[IFS(I,l) = 2], he pays the contractee [IFS(I,l) = 3], for
services and assets used in egg production. This is
classified as a contract expense to the contractor and a
contract payment to the contractee. Neither a contractee
nor owner-operator incur a contract expense.

The routines used by this module for measuring the
contract expense or contract receipts are the same with
only the variable name being different. In any production
contract the expense (SALEXP) to one party must equal the
payment (SALOS) to the second party. The discussion here
centers around two variables, METHOD(I) and PAY(I,X). For
a further explanation of each, see Items 19 and 20 in
Appendix A. Y represents either SALEXP or SALOS and only

the calculations for each are shown.

 

Value Of METHOD(I) Y Equals
l SALOS X PAY(I,1)
2 D02 x [1.0 - OSS(J,K,LO] x PAY(I,1)
3 Y + [DOZ X PROD(KK,X)] x PAY(I,X)
4 or 5 FLKNO/l,000.0 x PAY(I,1)

The variable FLKNO, when METHOD(I) equals 4, is equal
to NMBR((J,K). When METHOD(I) equals 5, the value of FLKNO
equals NUMBER(J) plus LOSTPD(J). If Y is an expense, the

arrays CSTPD(J,16) and CSTYTD(J,16) are incremented by

93
SALEXP. If Y is a payment to the contractee, SALPD(J) and
SALYTD(J) are incremented by SALOS. If FLAGDEP(J,K) is
equal to 1.0, TOTYTDl(J) is also incremented by SALOS.

TOTYTDl(J) is used in the flock analysis.

Depreciation expense. This expense is the cost of

 

capitalization as computed in SETDEP and the weekly depre-
ciation expense is the value of PDDEP(J). If the flock
has not yet been capitalized or the user does not own the
flock, PDDEP(J) is equal to zero. If the module SETDEP
has been executed for a flock, the value of PDDEP(J) may
be greater than zero. The routine used for processing
depreciation expense increments CSTPD(J,18), CSTYTD(J,18),
TEXPD(J) and TEXYTD(J) by PDDEP(J).

The last routine of this module updates the book
value of the flock [FLKCST(J,K)]. If the flock has been
capitalized, the ending book value of the flock
[FLKCST2(J,K)] is equal to FLKCST(J,K) minus PDDEP(J). If
the flock has not yet been capitalized, FLKCST2(J,K)

equals FLKCST(J,K) plus TEXPD(J) minus SALPD(J).

12. STRANE

 

Subprogram STRANE was developed for a single purpose:
to move desired areas of production data from the per-
manent file POULTRYSTANDARDS to memory.

This module can be called from either of two sub-
programs, CALC or NEWFLK. It is only called if the

variable IFLK(J,K) is not equal to MEMSTRN(1) and if

94

ISTRN(J,K) is not equal to MEMSTRN(2). Both IFLK(J,K)
and ISTRN(J,K) are input variables. The first comparison
tells whether the flock is a pullet or hen flock and the
second comparison represents a "Key" (see page 53 in
Appendix A).

The permanent file POULTRYSTANDARDS is composed of
787 poultry standard production records. The first 427
records on the file (7 strain standards times 61 records
per standard) are for pullet flocks while the remaining
350 records (7 strain standards times 50 records) are for
hen flocks. Each record contains 8 production constants
which are defined in Table B.l. The constants themselves
can be found in Tables C.1.-C.14. in Appendix C.

To move sections of this data from the file to memory,
a series of routines are necessary. The local variable KA
becomes equal to KEYFLK(J) and the local variable KB
becomes equal to ISTRN(J,KA) less 1. If IFLK(J,KA) is
equal to zero (pullet flock), the local variable KC becomes
equal to KB times 61 and KD equals 61. If IFLK(J,KA) is
equal to one (hen flock), KC becomes equal to 427 plus
the product of KB times 50 and KD equals 50. If the
value of KC equals zero, the routine reads the records
from 1 to KD into the array PROD. Otherwise, the
routine reads the records of l to KC into the "dummy"
variable DUMP and then proceeds to read the records from 1

to KD into the array PROD. This routine continues and

95
makes MEMSTRN(l) equal to IFLK(J,KA) and MEMSTRN(2) equal
to ISTRN(J,KA). The tape is then rewound and execution
returns to the calling module.
Using this simple routine reduces the total amount of

memory required for the program by 5,656 locations.

13. SETDEP

 

This module can be called from two subprograms de-
pending upon the flock status. It is called from
subprogram CALC if 1) the flock is a pullet flock
[IFLK(J,K) = 0], 2) the user owns the flock [IFS(I,3) = 0]
and 3) the age of the flock [IAGE(J,K)] is equal to the age
of the pullets (KAPUL) the user indicated for capitalization.
On the other hand, SETDEP is called from subprogram PRODUCT
if 1) the flock is a hen flock [IFLK(J,K) = l], 2) the user
owns the flock [IFS(I,3) = 0] and 3) the egg production
[PRODPD(J,l)] for that week is greater than or equal to
the egg production (CAPHEN) that the user indicated for
hen capitalization.

The purpose of this module is to establish the capi-
talization schedule. First, SETDEP determines how much of
the asset is to be set aside as a reserved cost
[SETASID(J)] to be later applied against salvage value of
the flock. This is done by multiplying the present number
of birds in the flock [NUMBER(J)] times the amount of
money (cents/bird) to be reserved (UNDEP). If this value

[SETASID(J)] is greater than or equal to the book value

96
of the flock [FLKCST(J,K)], SETASID(J) is made equal to
FLKCST(J,K) and the weekly cost schedule for depreciation
of the flock [PDDEP(J)] is set to 0.0. If the value of
SETASID(J) is less than FLKCST(J,K), the difference between
the age at which the flock will be sold [NDAGE(J,K)] and the
the present age [IAGE(J,K)] is determined (ITEST).
PDDEP(J) is then calculated by subtracting SETASID(J) from
FLKCST(J,K) and dividing by ITEST. To prevent execution
from returning again to this module for the flock being
considered, a "flag," FLAGDEP(J,K), is changed from the

value of 0.0 to 1.0.

l 4 . NEWFLK

 

NEWFLK is the first of three modules designed to
"change over" flocks and can be called from one of two
subprograms, CALC or OLDFLK. It is called from CALC only
if KEYFLK(J), a variable that carries the flock number of
0-5 for each unit, is equal to zero. This occurs only the
first time each unit enters CALC. NEWFLK can be called
from OLDFLK each time a house has been cleaned out and is
ready to receive a flock of pullets or each time a flock
of hens or pullets is about to begin the "stress" phase of
force molting.

The only reason for flocks to enter NEWFLK from
OLDFLK is to set up data banks (as described later) with
one exception and that is pullet flocks about to begin the
production cycle. In this case the variable KEYOLD(J) is

assigned a value of 12.

97
If NEWFLK is entered from CALC, the first decision to

be made is whether the first flock is a pullet or hen flock.

First flock is a pullet flock. At this point the
decision is made whether the unit is being cleaned out
[KLEN(J) > 0] or the pullet flock is presently in pro-

duction [KLEN(J) = 0]. When the unit is being cleaned

 

out, the variable KLEN(J) is first incremented by l and
if the user does not own the flock [IFS(I,3 = l], the
variable KEYOLD(J) is made equal to 7. If the user owns
the flock [IFS(I,3) = 0] and if the user charges all
cleanout costs to the last flock occupying the unit
[KLNOUT(I) = 2], the variable KEYOLD(J) is made equal to
8. If the user owns the flock and charges all cleanout
costs to the next flock occupying the unit [KLNOUT(I) = 3],
the variable KEYOLD(J) is made equal to 9. Once KEYOLD(J)
has been defined execution returns to CALC.

KEYOLD(J) is a very important variable in the model.
It controls the route of execution in this module and
totally dominates control in the next two modules.

When the unit is not being cleaned out [KLEN(J) = 0],

 

the assumption is made that the first flock of the unit is
somewhere in the production cycle and execution transfers
to a routine designed to prepare data banks for the
production cycle. To do this for the first flock of the
unit, the variables KEYFLK(J) and K are given the value of

l and if the user does not own the flock [IFS(I,3) = 3],

98
the variable FLAGDEP(J) is set at 1.0. At this point in

the routine, execution for pullet flocks coming from either
CALC or OLDFLK merge. The variable KK is determined as
described in the module PRODUCT. ADJAVE(J) is calculated
to be equal to AVE(J,K) less PROD(KK,2) if the array PROD
contains the appropriate production constants. If the
array does not contain the appropriate constants, sub-
program STRANE is called.

ADJAVE(J) is an adjustment to the standard production
curve in relationship to the user's recorded input
[AVE(J,K)] for projected accumulated average hen-day egg
production for the flock. In many instances PROD(KK,2)
and AVE(J,K) will not agree and this adjustment shifts the
standard production curve up or down to fit AVE(J,K).

The variables KEYMO(J), KEYKO(J), KEYLO(J) and
KEYTP(J) are initialized with a value of l and for the
first flock only, LOSTYTD(J) and NMBR(J,K) are incremented
by MORT(J) while the value of NUMBER(J) takes on the value
of NMBR(J,K) less MORT(J). For pullet flocks other than
the first flock for each unit, the value of NUMBER(J) is

made equal to NMBR(J).

First flock is a force molted flock. Once it has

 

been determined that the first flock is a force molted
flock, the next decision to be made is whether the value of
IAGE(J,1) is lejs than the value of MOLT(J) or greater

than or equal t the value of MOLT(J). If the value of

99
IAGE(J,l) is less than MOLT(J), the flock has not yet

finished the force molting procedure.

If it has been determined that the flock will begin

 

or has already begun to be force molted, the variable

 

KLEN(J) is used to control the number of weeks left in the
molting procedure which is the difference between MOLT(J,1)
and IAGE(J,l). The variable KEYOLD(J) is given the value
of 10 unless the user does not own the flock in which case
the value of KEYOLD(J) becomes 11.

At this point in the routine, execution for force
molted flocks coming from either CALC or OLDFLK merge.
The value of KK is determined as NDAGE(J,K) less MOLT(J,K).
If the user owns the flock, the book value of FLKCST(J,K)
is incremented by SETASID(J) which, if this is the first
flock, was defined as 0.0 in MULCHX. If this is not the
first flock, SETASID(J) still has the value reserved for
salvage value, as described in SETDEP, from the previous
flock in the unit. If the user does not own the flock,
the variable FLKCST(J,K) takes on the value of 0.0.
ADJAVE(J) is calculated if the production constants in the
array PROD are correct. However, if the array PROD does
not contain the correct production constants, subprogram
STRANE is called.

At this point the routines for molted flocks and
pullet flocks merge. Execution for this has previously

been discussed.

100

When the first flock has previously completed the

force molting procedure, variables K and KEYFLK(J) are

 

incremented by l and execution then goes immediately to
the routine for setting up data banks, as previously

described.

15. OLDFLK

 

OLDFLK is called from CALC only if KEYOLD(J) is
greater than zero or if IAGE(J,K) is equal to
NDAGE(J,K). It was suggested in NEWFLK that the route of
execution for this module is dominated by the value of
KEYOLD(J). The value of KEYOLD(J) is dependent upon
three parameters:

1. Flock status,

2. Ownership of flock, and

3. Additional information.

Under three conditions, ownership of the flock is not
applicable (see Table B.4.). The value of zero for
KEYOLD(J) is nonexistent once the flock has entered this
module and egg production ceases. KEYOLD(J) takes on a
value other than zero and it takes on a value of 12 or 13
only after the next flock for the unit has been housed
following a cleanout or the flock has finished the force
molting process and is ready to resume the egg production
cycle. To avoid repetition in the comments of this
module, further discussion will center primarily around

the aforementioned parameters.

101

 

 

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.uHcs ODMCHEHmB .mem mo Houomuucoo Ho
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.onm mo
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.xoon
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mo mumoo .usocmmHo mo
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mHnmuwcso mo wsHm>

 

 

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.v.m OHQMB

102

 

 

 

 

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coHumEHomcH HmcoHuH©U< xoon mo msumum xoon QHommx
chmHmcso mo wsHm>
.A.©.u:oov .v.m mHnme

103

If the unit enters this module because IAGE(J,K) is
greater than NDAGE(J,K), the status of the flock can be
either: the flock is to be sold or the flock is to be

transferred for force molting.

Flock is to be sold. The variable KLEN(J) is made

 

equal to KLNWKS(J) plus 1 and the number of birds to be
sold [IBRDSLD(J)] becomes equal to NUMBER(J). The two
variables CSTPD(J,14) and CSTYTD(J,14) are incremented by
CSTLBR(J). If the user does not own the flock, the value
of NUMBER(J) is set to zero and PRINTl is called. If the
user owns the flock, the value of the flock to be sold
[SLBDPD(J)] is defined by the product of NUMBER(J) times
the projected average weight [WT(J,K)] of each bird to be
sold times BRVL(I). The variable SLBDYTD(J) is then
incremented by SLBDPD(J) and the difference between
SLBDPD(J) and SETASID(J) or PROFIT(J) is the measure of
the profit or loss on the sale of the flock. If PROFIT(J)
is positive, the variable LORG(J) takes on the alphabetic
value of "GAIN" while if PROFIT(J) is negative, the
variable LORG(J) is made equal to "LOSS."

The variables CSTPD(J,18) and CSTYTD(J,18) are each
incremented by SETASID(J). NUMBER(J) is then made equal
to zero. If the costs of the cleanout are to be charged
to the next flock housed [KLNOUT(I) = 3], PRINTl is called.
Otherwise, PRINTl is called just prior to the housing of

the next flock.

104

Once execution has returned from PRINTl, the
following variables are set to zero: LOSTYTD(J),
KEYYTD2(J), KBRYTD2(J), KFDYTD(J), TONYTD(J), FDYTD(J),
PRODAN(J,1) and PRODAN(J,2). If the value of KEYOLD(J)
is equal to 6, the value of KEYND(J) is set to 3 which
will terminate the unit from further analysis. KEYOLD(J)
can only be 6 if KEYFLK(J) is equal to NUMFL(J) or the

flock sold is the last flock in the run for this unit.

Flock is to be transferred for force molting. KLEN(J),

 

for flocks that are to be force molted, carries the value
of the number of weeks the flock will be out of production.
This value is equal to the difference between the age of
the flock when egg production will begin [MOLT(J,K)] and
IAGE(J,K). IBRDSLD(J) represents the number of birds to
be transferred for force molting which is equal to
NUMBER(J). If the number of birds to be force molted is
to be the remaining birds from the previous flock, the
number of birds to be added [IBRDPUR(J)] becomes zero.

If the user indicated on input [NMBR(J,K) = 1] that birds
are to be added to equal the unit flock capacity [KAPUN(J)],
the variable IBRDPUR(J) becomes the difference between
KAPUN(J) and NUMBER(J). NUMBER(J) then becomes NUMBER(J)
plus IBRDPUR(J) or equal to KAPUN(J). Following this
routine, PRINTl is called and upon return the variables
LOSTYTD(J), KEYYTD2(J), KBRYTD2(J), KFDYTD(J), TONYTD(J),

FDYTD(J), PRODAN(J,l) and PRODAN(J,2) are set to zero.

105

To prepare memory banks for this new flock, NEWFLK
is called, NMBR(J,K) is set equal to NUMBER(J) and the
starting age of the flock (IAGEST) becomes equal to
IAGE(J,K). At this point execution merges with the
following routines.

The following routines are executed only if KEYOLD(J)
is greater than zero. Again, the routine executed is
dependent upon flock status. Either the unit is being
cleaned out and the next flock has not been housed or the
present flock is in the process of being force molted.
The first executable statement is: the value of KLEN(J)
is reduced by the value of 1.

When a unit is being cleaned out and the flock has

 

not yet been housed, the value of CSTKLN(J) is added to

 

CSTPD(J,14) and to TEXPD(J). If the user does not own the
next flock or if the user owns the next flock but the costs
of the cleanout are to be charged to the flock that was
sold, the value of CSTKLN(J) is added to CSTYTD(J,14) and
also to TEXYTD(J). If the user owns the flock and the
costs of cleanout are to be charged to the next flock
occupying the house, CSTKLN(J) is added to FLKCST(J,K, + 1).
If the value of KLEN(J) is equal to zero, the user
owns the flock and the costs of cleanout are to be charged
to the flock sold, PRINTl is called. Upon return from
PRINTl, the variables LOSTYTD(J), KEYYTD2(J), KBRYTD2(J),
KFDYTD(J), TONYTD(J), FDYTD(J), PRODAN(J,1) and PRODAN(J,2)

are made equal to zero. The module NEWFLK is then called

106

and upon return from NEWFLK, IAGEST is made equal to
IAGE(J,K) and the module is exited. If the value of
KLEN(J) is greater than zero, the module is simply exited.

When a flock is presently being force molted, the
only test is to find the value of KLEN(J). If KLEN(J)
is equal to zero, KEYOLD(J) is made equal to 13 and the
module is exited. If the value of KLEN(J) is greater

than zero, the module is simply exited.

16 . HOLDPAT

 

HOLDPAT is the last of the three modules designed for
the changing over of flocks. It is called from the sub-
program CALC providing the value of KEYOLD(J) is greater
than zero but less than twelve. Unlike all other modules
in the program, this module exits to a statement other than
the statement following the call statement. It does this
to avoid entering modules 7 through 11.

Most of the routines in this module were c0pied from
other modules. HOLDPAT accumulates program level expenses,
farm level expenses and unit level expenses exactly as
described in EXPENSE. If the value of KEYOLD(J) is equal
to 10, it also accumulates flock level expenses as in the
module EXPENSE.

If the unit is occupied by a flock being force molted,
the routine followed to measure flock mortality is exactly

the same as used in MORTAL and the routines measuring feed

107

consumption and cost of feed consumed are the same as
those used in CONSUME.

Two routines in this module differ from others in the
program. If the user is a contractor, as defined in
Appendix A, the values of CSTPD(J,16) and TEXPD(J) are
each incremented by SALEXP. SALEXP is a cost of having
the flock cared for during the force molting period which
is equal to NUMBER(J) times l¢ per week. If the user is
a contractee, the variables SALPD(J) and SALYTD(J) are
incremented by SALOS which is measured exactly like
SALEXP. SALOS is the payment to the contractee for ser-
vices rendered to the flock during force molting.

By developing the module HOLDPAT, a great amount of
efficiency was achieved by allowing execution to ignore
entering the modules MORTAL, PRODUCT, CONSUME, SALES and
EXPENSE. It also reduces the number of tests in those

modules.

17., 18. and 19. PRINTl, PRINT2 and PRINT3

PRINTl, PRINT2 and PRINT3 are output modules. Samples
of the various types of output can be found in Section III
of the handbook in Appendix A. PRINTl was designed to
provide a summary each period for each unit and most
output variables are calculated in this module. PRINT2 was
designed to combine the variables calculated in PRINTl to
give farm and program sums and averages for each period of

the year. PRINT3 does the same for each year of the run.

108

This section discusses the output variables calculated
in PRINTl. Some are used for further calculations. They
are:

1. Average number of birds in each flock per week

for the period [KABPD(J)] which equals
KBRDPD(J) divided by KEYPD(J),

2. Average number of birds in each flock per week
for year-to-date analysis [KABYTD(J)] which
equals KBRDYTD(J) divided by KEYYTD(J) and

3. Average number of birds in each flock per week
for flock-to-date analysis [KABYTD2(J) which
equals KBRDYTD2(J) divided by KEYYTD2(J).

Many of the variables measured in PRINTl are cal-
culated in a looping procedure. Those variables measured
where X has a range from 1 to 18 are:

1. Cost per dozen eggs produced per period

[XDOZPD(X)] which is equal to CSTPD(J,X)
divided by PRODPD(J,2),

2. Cost per dozen eggs produced for the year to
date [XDOZYTD(X)] which is equal to CSTYTD(J,X)
divided by PRODYTD(J,2),

3. Cost per bird each period [XBRDPD(X)] which is
equal to CSTPD(J,X) divided by KABPD(J) and

4. Cost per bird for the year to date [XBRDYTD(X)]
which is equal to CSTYTD(J,X) divided by

KABYTD(J).

109
Those variables measured where X has a range from 1 to 6
are:

1. Price per dozen eggs per period [PRCPD(X)] which
is equal to TVALPD(J,X) divided by PRODPD(J,X+2)
and

2. Price per dozen eggs for the year to date
[PRCYTD(X)] which is equal to TVALYTD(J,X)
divided by PRODYTD(J,X+2).

The remaining variables calculated in PRINTl can be found

in Table B.5.

 

JLLO

 

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111

 

 

 

 

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APPENDIX C

APPENDIX C

PRODUCTION STANDARDS

The following tables contain the production standards
used in the poultry computer simulation model, Multichix.

112

Production standards-general production (pullets)

Table C.1.

 

 

Hen Day
Egg Production

Egg Distribution

 

Jumbo

Accumulated

and Chex and
Extra Large Large Medium Small Peewee Undergrades

Weekly
Average

Weekly
Average

Flock Age
(Weeks)

 

113

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coal:C0069:0.9999:09.95.seecaeooeeoeeooeooceaOOOQQOBODBD99°99

00............OOOOOOOO....OIOOOOOOOOIOOOOIOOIOOOOIOOOOO0.0...

99c9.99990aoceoaceade-a:ac0.99.999OBGOQOOOOQeDaDODOIOBQGGB...
DoocooooeeOOmOOQGBDGSNNQDeD06999966699966 DOOOOOQOOOOODaOBDGQ
askcruaotmfimaanwuuu eoaoceesoocecooaecaoaaaaDeaeeaeaeoeeeece
ssomacn~uuuoecaoeaooaicacao:aooaoooocoooeceeDaDOOBODODOOOODQI
00....0.0....00.0.0.........COOOOOOOOO.........OOOOOOOOO0....

.C‘OOOQOOOOODO966939699DDOOCODD0909995DODGGGDGGOQOOO’QO”99.9.
ooccocoaocoooemmmmmmmmoeooomoemmooanoeaaoeeeecoceoeooe.oooee
OOONOU‘U‘J \DNKNRO‘O-IC ’nOOmU‘HdOQmMOC‘O‘OO‘OC OO‘DNLNKfiflOOOOQQKNKMNSKNK
NNNnJ ammmmmm:o:nnnnNNAaNN—o-uu—peoaoaocan:oaaoeooeooceo-Oooecfi
00......0.0.000.000000000000000....00.00.0.0-0000.00.00.00...

eeoQBBDOOOOOBGOBGDGGDQBO9°:90.99..”09099”90.99099...”.9...
DcDDOBGDOODDQDmmmmmmmmOmmammOOOBO:OBOOOOGBOOOBOOOGOBDO”99°99
M’:kou:KNJGerdaocNHmNOAskrksukho,nwwdcvneccocotooooooocao¢0u¢
oecoeuuuww~nH31:mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmJ:a4:3:3:4:¢::a::449::a

000.0-000.000.0000....on00.00000.0.0OOOOOOOOOQOOOOOOOOOO00.0.

90069690 ea DBDBGOGDQQQDOQQDQDQI990.6969QQODGDGOGDGOOOBG””.99
cocoaoooocaamoaoaeaeoccmmomeoemmceaeoa99999909990669909906900
ace:saga—H«—HnnmsoeooHnmkoH~mcoed~n:mmocooecccoooooceoococean
ccoeccoccocoaceasesOoauuuuNNNNanrnnnnnnnmnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnfinnn

to...OIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOI.0000...COO...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.0....

=o~~=o004mmowoeomn:~o:~nsavooasHN-Nun:nooumoacooonamaJo~m~moH
Gun—oakmhda‘013‘uHNNunnwmoMuu.oquDNU\D—tm~~~ N

e~m=mun30:ou:ocOdNn3:mwo~~~ooocemoooooo9oooooooocceo~~-Nuuoo
eocuuNNnn:ommmmmOmmoaoooow0000000000mooomowocooooomoboomcocoa
00...........OOOOOOOOO00.0.0000...00.0...0.00.00.00.000000000

eeceoeeoccacecceeeeoeeccoooceeoaceeoaoeeecooeccaeeeooeooeeooo
camaoeoeoemommemcmmecmemcommameememmemaomomemmoamemmememaemcm
omcucumookogm:’nnwquTOQONomm33H~~uo°o®ckhoam3:nwwuocoooknomm
eBdNHmOKQQQOQQOOQOQOGNNNNNK~~NNK~NNNNaOoO90000009&0000mmmmmmm

00000000000000.0000...Ioooooooooooooooooo00000900000000.0000.

emHJonma—uun mokomgamsmakomeam «Manama-nun tunman-oN-o ovum-5m:
NNNNNNNMNNMHMMM'MMMMQJJJJ3§'"MMMMMMMMM&mmmmfioomfim~~K~“A-K*’

 

Production standards-Babcock B-300 (pullets)

Table C.2.

 

 

Hen Day
Egg Production

Egg Distribution

 

 

Jumbo

Accumulated

Weekly and Chex and
Average Extra Large Large Medium Small Peewee Undergrades

Weekly
Average

Flock Age
(Weeks)

 

114

OOOQBOOQ9.69966.966.999699590996OOODQQBQBOOQDODQO.D°D.°.°..°°
0909999. OODG°.°°.°DGB.O=D°°.G°°Oageocabfi.99.6.””9.9:”Q...°
mmmmmmmmmammmmmmmmnmmmmmmocowowowochNKNkcognac:ONNNNNNNNNNNN
DOGODOOB.CE.GBDQBBQBOQBDBGB--B”DBDBB.°°C.OOOd—uddddddcuddddd
0.0.0000a...0.000000.00000.00...00.00.000.000...0.000.000.00-

eaoeeaoeOeeoooooaaaoeaeeoee-aoo.DeeoeeeoeceooocoDecca-90000.9
coecccmvcochQCeccaaoooococcecoaDocoeeoeceoacoocoeooecoecoocc
ommach Nu"eaaoocacoeeeeoeccoooeaeaeoeaeoeeococooc9999000999069
gocoeeae9.399996coo-909999909990.99699999993999:cecgooaogoeoe
00......OOOOIOOOOOOOOOOO......OOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOOIOOOOCOOOOOOO

0.969090Decca.aaoaaooIGBDoepoeooa9099999309009099999.09909996
ace-conecocaemoomoaeooaoopoaooooeeoeeeeeeeeaeeee9999909690999
ueooammecannN—auoacaccaccoooooeaeeaocoeeeoececeeocaacceceecoe
gm3q~uuucan:eaoeeoeeeoeeeeeaeeocueaaeeaoeoaoooooocaooeoeeeaee

00......................OOOOOOOOOOOOO00.0.0.0.........0......

699.9936 cacceemeacocueeeoocam 56909399099999” weacoaccecoo
0°96°°w GQOQOUN OOUKDCO°¢°°°=°B§9°OG ODDU.°DOOOODD ”@0006. cc ODOGC
NercdkkfiooNkfidOQBKOJhnN¢d®OOOKNOommmm3333nnnnNNNNNNNNNN~NNNNN
d4ImOMJ:”MFNNNN—uduufiuuudOQOODDODOOGODBOBOBGQDDO9060660099999
oncoo...000.00.000.00...0.000.000.00000000000oa...00000000000

0069999.EDDQOGOOOOOQBBOGOGOOGODOODQDDGBOOBOOODOG999903906900.
oecceooeaeeooceeeeeeeaaoeaeoecoco59959999999599:eceaoeoauococ
OON”GOO°°meONJTNGOHNN”JfmmfiokkcTOOUOOOOVUVOOCCfiCw$00¢OL(flifio
eeoadwn:mmOONNNKKNNocoooccocoeoeooococoovccocoooaccomoocooroc

00......0.00.00.00.00...OOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOUOOOOO0.0.0.0.0000...

09099909OOBODDOGBBOOBBODOOOD.’99.999099699090096096.06.09.99.
ocoaaacacacao:ccccaoeeaoeoaoeobaefleeaeoceaoaccocecceefleaeaefia
oeeaeoeanoose:neocoeoaceo=coacceooeaeoeaoccoocococoaocaccacao
cocoaooeeoaeecoeeeeoaeeaeecaeaecceaauoaoacceecoccocaoeoeeneec

00......00.0.0000.....OOOOOOOOOOOOOO00.0.00...I....OOIOOOOOOO

aaneehaN«BONDJdecoNOONOJn50~~n~uw0fl38nokfihc~la00a3H°OmdQMOHQ
OGnOonmduncmantfiaknkdmkONH’mOOOQ m:n~~eo~m:~coo:NaconHOw:umo
OHNJ=ONcMoOdnmoNowwoo«—HNNNNN NNNNNNNN NNNddddudDOOOD7¢OOOOOONN
GddNMM:'mmmomOOOOOON~-NKK~NNK~NNKKNNN-NNNKKKNN~NNmficmO00000
00..........0.0.0.0000000000000000000.0.0.000...0.000.000.000

69 99°99: OOOQODDQBODBOBDDDGDODG9999990
DO DGDODO DDDU‘CO DDODOBOU‘DD BOOL‘DOGL‘DDU‘GQ'

gggegcaaeceeeeeeeoee co:

m

oocgfioaodoneom::”~~u°oooonomm:nNNuccm:gz23
.0...

Ocmoomoemeemmom com
m$”nN~d=o monooma:n~
Bun: DoccocoQQOOQOOQQNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNp o
0.0.0.............OOOOOOOOO...0...... O

oeoaoammmmmmmmmmm
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

ad~n3mn~¢med~n:WONom-d~n9mnk¢Ma¢~MomoknmcumnOmmNQOeaNMJmmsnma
NNNNMNNNNNMMnfinnmrnM1333330:!ommmmmmmmmmmfimmmmmmmmskkksskhskm

 

Production standards-DeKalb 231 (pullets)

Table C.3.

 

 

Egg Distribution

Hen Day
Egg Production

 

Jumbo

Accumulated

Chex and
Undergrades

Peewee

Small

Weekly and
Average Extra Large Large

Weekly
Average

Flock Age
(Weeks)

 

115

oooaecoeoeea9900999969965coceoeoeoooeeeaooaccoco-559.90.09.69
QOOODDOOOOOCD”900.6..BGCOBBO”9.005BOGDBODOOOO’.°D€.B.€”.¢.
"Mnnnnnnmnrnmnnnnr: ’8 7; 3.1 21’! 2 JW mmmmoooooor MKOIOOODU‘U‘U‘U‘U‘U‘
..BODOGODOG-.03”.Be‘.°9...9°Be’.”°°e°.9OBBDOBQOOBBCO””QB.
00.00.0000...OQOQOOQOOO0.0000000.0000.00.00...OOOOOOOIOQOOOOI

99990999”acawuoncooocoaocouoamoeoeeooeeoomo999999909999
cocooeceaeeoeoeocOeaeeececooaeeopeecceeeaec:oocccococecceaoca
oaaeecoccocoaaccuseseeeocceaaoaceoaccaoeacooccocaeo 069909996
095699.:””OQGOQDDOCGOOQQQQQ009599690999900066990. 09.0.9.9.
00......0.....00000.0.0000.........OOIOOOOOO......OOOCOOOOIOC

099:0..901aooo”ocooeuoccoeeeg90.90-99.09.aeaoGOGBBOEGO~OOIOO
mmeeamm wmemmeeeacceeeeaooeaoeeeeaaoaoacoooeccaeoeeooe.od.o
ct30nd~¢ (~3kdu:ueoaeoeeooeeccoaebaeeeoaoeecoaeoc’”9999999096609
NNNOOMJ‘GNNuueoaooeoeueeooooaaeoeeoeeeaceoaacceoeoeaeaouoeaoe
00.00.00.000.00000000QOOOOQOOOOOOOOO00.0.00...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

oacecocooceanancococoooecaonceOceoeaeQaneeoaeeocOBQBOOBOBDOOO
cacaoeoeeemaoum mom mneommOmmnwmmammmmeweamcemmwocmmnmmooo
oocmeome:mamagmquosnekpm:—e¢~0mm :m—“udU‘U‘U‘CDCQmKM Moo ammmmmm
uuNNnnJmmMmm 9a:”mnNNNNNN—«uu—«o-«Huaueeoeaeeeec9999099909.:
0.00.00.00.00.000000000000000000000.00.00.0000000.00.00.00...

09990.99”00°”90°”OOOOQOD.°”°O”BOOOBG.B°°°”OOQD..~....°
mmoaeecmwDeemaemeeomoemmmmnWemmmmmemmoemmebca”(Amman-#9098
NNW") 1405‘" JVDNC 4 ON ’QONJ Okkkmkkkkkflfim .9 JMNHdGU‘QKU‘J J m—awenokm M 3 JM
OeebceeufiaNNnn.’ ::mmmmwmu.mmmmmu~mwnmmmma 3-9 It: 3.? J mnnnmnnnM-fi

00000900000000.00000.00..00.0..‘0000000000000000.00.00.000...

096909999699909996966996906690099.666069039666999999990990999
ooeoomusoeeemmmoooogamma:commoeowa'soemoememmmamoeeoewmowmfile
ecaaccceednn-t33MkwedNfiJNceuN:mo~0=v-!N':mkcouaem3mohooc‘O‘OQO—N
BGDBOOOO”099990000°«dado-ddNNNNNNMdHMMMMMWM333-2: 3.9.1 saaaawmmmn
0.00....0.0..0.0..........IOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.....OOOOOOOOOOO

DDQHOmOOQnnmmmmufiIIWdflhDflllv-t:’dUMD-DncclzmdNnONJ‘KONOMHBNNU—I‘u‘.’
O°u\ddeWKN‘OOnNONMDm-tJNO‘dHmats OOMN M9 JHMOMN \DJ WON‘T:
encmNommnooOHN-e 'UMDONKOOOOQ‘O‘O‘O‘O‘O‘N6‘30‘O‘O‘O‘Q‘U‘U‘O‘U‘GOG‘OOOQOOGmMN

BOO-INN” ”IMMIM‘DIDONVDOO‘D OO-flstONONfiaDON‘DOOO-(NDOBOO-ROADOMNNO
000.0000000.00000900000000...000.000000000000...0000.00.00.00

eoooeeeaoecooeeeececceeceeoeeeeeeeeececeocaeoeoeccaaeaceeoaee
cancooeaemoommeme999m9mmemcmcmemcmemewamgmamomomDaemcm eme
owe-ma.\cn:a :OHNN—ouowcmoC‘Hultsfinw'Vv-«Deoo orshogmm: tn quueO‘rMO
e=«*my900¢0000ccoDONNNNNKNNNKNNNNhkkhwwco90000990OLDOOODOWmm“
00......0.....00....O.....OOOIOOOOOO0..........OOOOOOOOOOOOOC

a any” man M auN-n ’MMMB cam-n OIROKQOBdNH’ORMQOQdNn ‘qfimfi Rug-4N!) «amoma
Namwmmam- cue-MIME math mm .91.9::.9331-Momhmomwnmmm.mm00m0 “No.5.” ......s o. o

 

Production standards-H & N Nickchick (pullets)

Table C.4.

 

 

 

C
0
-d
u
D
.0
«4
H
a
m
..4
O
U
o.
(I)
E
D
'1
'U
0
u
U
.H
C :3
O E
d 5
JJ 0
>~U U
8§ ‘
CH
00-
I
U‘
D"
In

 

and Chex and
Extra Large Large Medium Small Peewee Undergrades

Weekly
Average

Weekly
Average

Flock Age
(Weeks)

 

116

.eooeooaeoogaooeooaoeaoe "cocoa-co.ecuamcoooeoooouegoou.
.oaoeeceooogogoeoomaoo 906°06-GO”DGOODODBD”OGQ”OOOOCI”.
.0 vaannn'nnnnn334 Jammmm o‘cwusm cowoowe-o—HH_H~N~-annnnnnnnn
GQGEBB.°B°..G-”OOIQDOBI”ODD-.9BO.°B...««ddmddfldv-ddddd¢fld
...-......OOOOOO 000.000.0000....00...........OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

Goacooaoooaaceawonow 99969999 999. DeaecaOODODBBOODODCOIOOO
eooeceeeaaoeecoceeaeaaec ¢~cooeaaeeeeeeeceoccceaoaooooooceaeeOO
goaeoo°co°eooooooooaooeeseen-996.999 oeoeoooaooooeecoeooocooca

OOGOQBGQEQBDQOGOQQBOOeO Oeecae” 9.90 ge”°€°°°9°e°°°°°...°.e°0
......OOOOOOOIOOOIOOOOOO...-.0000...O.......OOOODIOOOOOOOO...

Douoooeeoonooomeucee cacao-coDacecanuaooaoOBOBQGDIOOuno
Demogeceaoooomaeoeaeaa090090660999 oeumoooeeaeeoucaoeueue
OOomooOa‘cmNIOBoeoeaeeeoaccODcoeecoec oeooooaocaocoeooooeooenfl
00:00.0:n—ueoeooocooeoaeoe coca-ao-eceaooeooaeeeocoa-aecoocoaue
......IOIIOOOOOOOOOOOOOO..OOOOOOOOOO....OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOO

OOQDQODDODDOOOOOBODDBOOO960°...ODOOO96..OOOGBOODOOBDCODBODOOG
ooacoooeeeaoeoaeoeoeeeooapogee-coca:eeoeooeaoaeaaeeeoaooouoeo
oooduoHGNOHQNcemdoweOoca”Nana-ooooccoam:3:333nnnnnnnnnnnnvnnn
oceanaos~0wmuarnnNNNH——H«Hauauocoooeeeoooeaeooeeaeooaocoaaaoa

.....OOOOOOOOOOOCOCOICOO......OOCOCU....00......0000000000000

99909 BO..°°O°BB°..90. 9.9 39.0.3” 90.. cow—oooeoaoeooeoooaoooe
OODGODBBOOOBOOOOOODOBOOO03063990009099””BQBBOQBBGOBOOCBMI
cecocdacmnNcsem or»: JnNMQOODI~OafijfiNO DQmU‘JMNKN-‘c-OODOQD‘OCOOODQ
eaaoeaooumntmmmoobow ommmm mmm::: :lJOJJJJJJWWHH'FPEHME
00.000.000.0000000000090 000000.00...o.........oOoooooooooOooo

caeeoeeeeaeoeeeaeeeaoeeeaces-oeooeooone:eeeeeeeeeaeeeeeooceo.
eeeoeoceeaeaoeaeooeeeeoeoeeeeeeeoooecocauoaoooeoeaceaocaoooeo
oooacaaeooeHHNngmsadnmkoHh¢mgxeaeHNfimuoed~nnn:mmmmmoooooocooo
cacaooeeaoeeeoaoace—«uquNNNNNmmn-finnn: :3::::3:J;18333:33333
00.000.000.00.........OOOIOQOOOI.............OOOOOOOOOOOOIOO.

eatsQOQHONHNoc-Imfvb mnMNNc mu. 3 :0»: Wuhan-1.3.0 omfidoonsa 1N0 :Onuanuus
cabonNQNOHooowmwnu-s Claibc-AD-flflO-lwwflfl mnmmnwwuemmnNQONOMVe
coolonNO‘omo‘nmNO-iv3mohm OGQBO-Iodu—thNNNNNMNNNNNudd-‘ddduQOOBQO
cocoa .oNNnJ.’ mmommmmom NNNMMMM mmmmnmmmuwssms
0.00.00.00.000000900000000.0.0000.............OOOOQOOOOOOOOOO

eeoceeeeaoceoeeeooaeoeee 90699999999999” ”aecaaeoeooeaeoeeeoc
ecoooamcmncooemme :89 :k a :ho rs 9.,Ne :94 e the mo :59 :50 :59 :59 989.189
OON tBNNNOD-dHBONONNOmm an HNHHQOMMQmm 3P5": Mqooocxuom OHMNddDO‘O‘
909d” :GQDMOO‘Q‘MO‘QNOQQ ooooohmmfikMNKMM‘DNOOO-DQOooooomm

....OOIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. 00......00............OOOOOOOOOOOO...

Bum-n Jumbo; damn-awn .qh an". «NM gunman-d m Om mm .0 Guam om. (".00-um .Olomswe
NNNNNNNNNA r- ! ”Fm "aunt's: 0.0.01.9:m mnmwnmam.~nmm«omoum~~sma

 

Production standards-Hyline W-36 (pullets)

Table C.5.

 

 

Hen Day
Egg Production

Egg Distribution

 

Jumbo

Accumulated

and Chex and
Extra Large Large Medium Small Peewee Undergrades

Weekly
Average

Weekly
Average

Flock Age
(Weeks)

 

117

one:aoaoeeeaoee-90°99.eacoo-anaeeoeoeececaeaeuooaeoun”009
BDBOQOQODOOGOI’OB .GODODDO ocoeaocaacoaaooee09909090099999.00009
0.! a :34 a: O a 4 00 :19: :mmmmmMNHDOOOOOOKKKN acooooooomfluuuuh‘mmwm
...BD°-..Q..°....9696COQDODDGBOQ.°°.°B.G-GGBO—d‘I—ddd—dud‘ddd
0.000.000.0000.0000000000.00000000000000000000000000000000...

Oncogeneooeoosoceeoaacaecs09099990909990:acaaeeeeeoeanaoaoouc
egoceanQ:cooocoooceeaoooaoeoeoceeaoDace:ocooccccocaeoacoeoo:
NNNB NJdueooooooeoa-O aaoooceeaeaaecoeewcaceeooo@690983809833
“a“ 90 HOQOeeococo-eeaeoocaagoogoeopooaoeeeeeaaggeeeu We.

.OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00.00.0000...OCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOOOOCOOOOOOO.

OOOQIDOBQOGDO”909.00.090.90.99.99500099099909"9909......000
BOOGDGBGOGOQO».GOGDDOBOOOGOOOOQGDODOOBoODace9996999966096996
coomocev‘ :9. eeonnn NNu—tu—uuuoaaeOQOOGOQeoooeoeoaeceeceoaaooecceg
mmu‘m::mNudaD”-OOBBOOOBDG°959°..DoaoieaOOODOBOO9.99.99.99996

000.000.0000.cooso...0.000000000000000...00000000000000.0.00.

eoocaocecoco-ecu999099999999:eooeoaoooooceocoeoacoaaooooeaee
cacaooeooecooooecoeooeoeoooaeoeeaoopooeeoaeeoaoeacooaaaoooo e
NNweooOHkoc-mowaxwuoom3n~ueoos 010:6;«0900005000 3.7: .v .9 1.: :‘rnnnnnnn
NNNNnHJmmmmJ.94»MMNNNNNNNN—‘uu—uuu—uuecoeaeoeacecacao-”Beau:
00.000.000.00no.00.00.000.000Ooooooooooooocoooso0000.00.00...

0600990.B.ODQOGOBOOOOOBBDBODB990.9”..909Q909DODGE-9.09.099”
.aoeooecmoo-oaeoooaoeaooocoeouceeooooaoeacoaeoaecceeooooeoee
«HHanw—ana‘r Mono-IN rmmauc J V: 3'0“); Juxaamm'fl—w‘cccmm J—Ad-‘O‘U‘KK 58.012: :Nh
Barcelona-autumn:abammmmmmmummmmmmm mmmmmmmaaaa 3.7.9 .I Hnnnnnnmnnb‘

0.00....0..........OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.....OOOOIOOOOOOOOO0.0...

0900099000QDDDDOOOOODBODDOOBO”Don-969099990999fi..9°9°.°.9°.
cacooOOQOcocooooooeeeoeoeeooaaoceoeeeoooeeoeeeee9699909999999
°°=°°°°°°°dNJWOK°.“N”80¢a?dd”33mmkoccan”:KO‘demW00000099ddnn
cocoa”.eeaaeoaeadduddndudNNNNNNNNNNNnmnn:J: 33.? 33.98313: mmmmn

.0000...O.............OOIOOOOOOOOO0.00.........OOOOOOOOOOOOOO

sausageso.n=~a=o:~oomnoawe»asswuomamQQNNoeNNNnmeoamwonoNNcJON
ooooomooownmowmeOQemN:= monNOu OODNooOHmJHuuomsomJNdoccmnda
oaaNoNO‘m—sdmommnoa‘udNn:.nmmmmbo neocoomoooooammmmmmmasa:9::
cacao—«Nnnv::mmmmMm00 Mooooooooc owooooooooocbecomooooooowaaoom
00..........IOOOOIOOOO0.0.0.0.0000000000000000000.0.0.0000...

ocean oeeooeeaeoceaeeeeeeeaeeecoaeeoeeoeceeoagoopgeg
cacao oeaoeeccooeooaoeoaeecaoacceeoaeaaeeeeoooeoeeea
9°~¢¢oooamnk00¢m:"NNaGTNrowmmNuueoouk camvan~~~noeo=ooNNoommm:
no c on 00 o ocooooKNmNNNWNflOOOOO DVD 0‘9 .900 “0'0 on-nmmma-M

O. 00.00..........OOIOOOOOOOOOOO0.0.0.0.0.0000...

.uuu" mnMMQ-cnnrmmeooumn 9m mom-«Nun ’umfihm-dfvn ”arenas-«um «At-.0”
NNNNNBNNANMFFMMIHHMP 3.0.003:.01’MmBMMMummMoWMo0“ KLNKKMLKO

 

Production standards-Kimber K-137 (pullets)

Table C.6.

 

 

Hen Day
Egg Production

Egg Distribution

 

Jumbo

Accumulated

and Chex and
Extra Large Large Medium Small Peewee Undergrades

Weekly
Average

Weekly
Average

Flock Age
(Weeks)

 

118

Define-Geese.90.99009.060.990.0-Iou9999-0ocean-aaguucoeoaaou.u
9.00 cocoon99000099999.-coacooaooooote09.9....9909cease-......-
nnrnnnnnnfi”nnnnncaa83:3::4mmmnmmoomobefisuksoooooooooowoowowww
cocoocoaueaoeaoeeao....eaooae-ueoneaeoeeoecoconeoeonaaooouoco
0.00.00.0.0.0.00000000000.00.00.00.00...00......0.0.0.0000...

eeeooeeeoeeaoeoee-aaooaococa99099999.:ooooeeceeoaeeoeaaooeea.
cocoaOceeacaoooooeeoacoooeocceeooeeecocaeeeccceooceoaeoeeeoee
coo oeaoeecoe-eoooooa 39099939993399:g:oceoccooDOoeoggooooooo.
99°9’°°9°9¢990900.°e Mae ”9.. “no. ”age. ”96.9099 09......-
......OOCCCCOOOO......O...’........................°..........

oonOGQOBGDODQQDQQGQOQOOQoOQBDOBQOQO.90-9990.999coo-QDOOOOOBO
DoceoeceeeoomcooOOQBJNNocaoaeeaucoaboeoeecoOGOOOOOOGQBQOOOOB.
:gscouscamom:3n~~ugdeeeeceoceeeeeaaoeeeceoaoceeeaaeueoee°Oeee
gsomgan~~uaooeooeeaeeaoeeeeooeeuuooooucocacooaooeocoubuooueeh

......OCOOOOOOOOOOOQOCOO0.00.00.00.00.........OIOOOOOOCOOOOOO

ace :9 ecoeeoooaosooaacooe BOOGOGBCOOBOO.” 09.999960900099900000
oooococooeoae Dnmmmm mam maeeoemoammoeaoeaaeQOGBOGQOOOOOGOOOOGOOG
ooowemo:csssneouosnarmmn«09mnu HOOOOOODOCNhkhwcooQQQONKNKNNNNK

MN") ) JJWmeJ-t: manning NNN-I-nu «dosages-Doecoo-cowoc9900-ooaoa.
00000000000000.000000000000.00.000.00...00.000000000000000...

cocoooeouooccooo90.999909990993960990999BQGOOOOBD.9°OBOOOCOOO
acesauce:eoeeummmmmmmmammomme90969099999coo-0.999999996999909
a". Juan-:85J‘940.441:eNnma.OMNptck~-oJH~~ueMrmceorwooooooowowooo
oooaauuu~~~nHJ:ammmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm3:a:¢¢:a::::JJ:J:J:¢:::
0.00.00.00.00...00......000.00.009.00.........IOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

eoeoeeaae-oeoooooeeonloocoeeooeoooaoooocecceeeeeoeaeoeoOOOQBB
eeeoceaeeeeemoeoOQBOQOOmWOmaeBmmecoaDaceoooeoeeeeceoeooBOOOOB
oceocooouuuddnnmsrr¢9unm50d~mcc0d~nthfiOoecooocccooccocococeoo
oeeaeeeeeecceeeoecoaouu~uu~~~~~~nnnn”an”nannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

......IOOOOCOOOOIOI.0.........OOCCOCOCOO......OOOIOO.........

IckneooO:mmoOOoomn:NccuncokcandJmnsun:naunmooaeoonoma:0~0maod
mucsm-noc tin—1'9MmHN@OM5dmOd:OOU‘Qd-WNMINNdGGU‘OOMMNDONunteNONm
owmomd53040~JOoOm MHOQmOJKNN0000000 MooowwOomooooocooo shsgn coo
aeouuann:9mmmmmooooooooaccomooooooooeoomomoomooomoomoooooooo
......IOOOOOO...00............OOOQOOCO......OOOOOIOIOOOOCOOOO

oeooeeaocooeoeooeeeeeoceoceaaoeeeeeeeeocaoeeeeaoeeaoeeaeaueoe
Bomoeeeoeemammememmc-memeeemmmeemommameomomommeomommamomeeame
amcmOdMMQNOpm::M”Nnd¢0000h0m mmmtnNNeeeewcsuogm:3n-«ea@ao~oomm
eeu~nmohocooecofio°covnuunshkuhkkhknhka0&000cocoLOQOOQmmammmm

0.00.00.00.00...OOIOOOODOOOOOOOOOOOQO...OOOOOOOOOOOOOOIOOOOOO

ud~n0mm~nmaawn5mokafiou~nomOkomaumnommsomouNHomnsnmaawnoms
MuNmNNNNNNMI-nnnrn Mr Mo’s: ! 9.0.. swam ommm m.nm¢.nnuhns 5.5M .Nsx 5.; :

 

Production standards-Shaver Starcross 288 (pullets)

Table C.7.

 

 

qu Distribution

Hen Day
899 Production

 

Jumbo

Accumulated

Chex and
Peewee Undergrades

Small

dxum

and
Extra Large Large

Weekly
Average

Weekly
Average

Flock Age
(Weeks)

 

119

eeoeeaec..eaaooapo.°.eoaoc°oeneoOoeoeaeooeaBDOQG.BDOBQGO-ODOO
...BBBOC0.9.6.0.DDOOOOOQBOQOQOOOOOBODOGBDDOGOOBBGOD-......Oo.
:933t3134333t9::a3004:133wmmmvmoockskk~sccocc¢00°baa~~-~-~~
econ-ac....:eoanaaae-OeaeceaeoecoobceeooooooeoOoduuduuuuduqdu

.0000.........OOOOIOOOOIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.........OOOOOOO

a0696990cue-aoageQQQODOQcaooOoeaaupeaceaoaeooaoaoccaneouueoe
eooaakmnOPOODOOQCGOOeeachCOOCDQGOOQDGQQOGQOGDOCCODOOQBBDGBGQ
ooaoneaeceaaoaeGoa-09999699005999: 0.9069099 aces-co caeooobeeo-
d—mgO°.°eggaee°°°.°°°.°O°°°°.BQ°.°.99=.°B=Q Douaoeooeooeeo-oa
00............OOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.000000000000000...0.00.00.00.00

9999.966=ODDGDBGOOOOOOOBGOOQ6.09.09.90.999900999GDGOQDOQOOBDO
cocoon.»nnoooeece9°99eeaeoooooeoocaeaoeoeccoocaeace-99.9.3999
coo-amaw-eeeoeouoeoeoeeassoc-eeeeooaecaeonanc9999999999990
mmm’nuda...-ODOCCDOOOOOBGDOOCOOOGBDODBOQDBDDDBOO.BQOBBBOCODUC

0.09.0.0.000000000000000000000QO......OOOOOOOO00.00.000.00...

E00999”GOODODBBOOC§°°°OOQOQ..OOO‘OQ.¢.°°°O°°CQBBBGGOBBGOOQQ
099°09’50” DDGDOOBOUQDQBOOOQDO eooecoeobaaoeoeaoeee9990:90999969
”NO ’NMLM" EBWDOU‘O‘O‘OCQOKKOU‘NU‘U‘U‘J 1.? 33nnnn~~~~~c—-I “‘V“ “d“‘““"‘
nmammmmmonnNuoaooaaeaoeea .5999.’9.9°°°°D.°."BBQO:B..°.9€B
00............OOOOOOOOOO......COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO0.00.00.00.00

GOOOGQOOBOD-OOOOGBDOOOCQQDDCO’COOOOCOCOODDOBCBBPDOO.°..°..°°.
oeeeenmoKLeaoeeceeOBQOMQQmmomomameomeeeoooemmeca9999999909990
«aaaowcon~¢cncwcmmmmmmaa:mnn~~«ueoweo¢~0mmm:sa:Juwueooococaoo
eecoeuuu~nntmmO~s~~uksssss~s~~ss~kcoooooooooooooaccommmmmmmmm

.0000......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQ.....OOOIOOOOOOO.....OOOOOOOO

eeooeeaaoceaoeoueeooeaeocoe-9.9999999099999099cacao-69.6.99.-
Because:a:aoooeoeemmoameommemmcmaamoeaeeeemmoso099999990999.
o:eeu«-m¢c0099u~~~~n*:moocusoaooeec~wngmmmmmooo~kccocoocorcc
OOODBGBBOeefieddd—ddddddddddddddddNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

00......OOOOOOCOOOODOOOOO.........OOOOOOOOOOOOO.0.0.0.0000...

can~aoo~”dam:«maowcoeouoomenm~~~h~:~°mo~::odsnoennwooOmnovwo
090a omwmonomON;¢omhocoJuouownowunm&009°«uuuuucoomomo mm ”Nu 0&0:
Ba~cnomuNnku :Nw Ham ~¢ amoc—««~-nnnnnn493:44:33lnnnnnnnnnn~~~~
accouuunn33mmmmso OOOOOONNNKKKNKKKKNKNKNKKNNKKKNKMkkkbkhskhkkk
00......OI.0.I...0.0.00.0.......OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.0.00.00.00.00

99°99 eoeaocceeeococaoeaeeeee99:99:99. beecuoeeaeeoeeeooeeoeee
990N080”GNOKNNNQOOQQOQOODD®OGOO$ oemaw -eooooouo«ouueoeouduundn
OOQGWGMAQNWNdQOOOOKNOomM:"NuflHdGOOOOOOOommJJnNNdeOONNNNOM W:

coeNn:wsow9vomoooooooooooeoo coooho~hm Mb 55 KNNNKNQODOQOODoow

O0............IOCOOOOCOOOOOO......OOCOOOOOOCOOOO......OOOOIOC

odmntmakn05u~n3m0Namaumnomen. .m-dNn.”0fl~OOBd~M.MMK‘0.dMM'MM~°MD
umnmmmmmwmnnnnnnnnnn3031ottooamnmmmvmammomaccommomskususshssc

 

 

Chex and
Undergrades

Peewee

Egg Distribution
Small

Large Medium

and
Extra Large

Jumbo

Accumulated
Weekly
Average

Production standards-general production (molted hens)

Hen Day
Egg Production

 

Weekly
Average

 

 

weeks into
Production‘

Table C.8.

120

no.)t‘haDDol'1000DOODOGODDOGDI‘DDDOOL‘DDDDOGODDOOC‘OOOOC‘QD
9090699996DOODOODDOOGODOBaOODGGBQDBQBDQOOOBQDOQBOD
«I .7 JJ .33 3‘ ’mU‘U‘mU‘U‘OW'DwDOWkNNNK00¢-OOOOOU‘O‘O‘O‘U‘U‘O‘O‘OU‘BOOOOO
90°L3OBOOU°D°DODODDQOOGOODCit-“35999ODOODOOODOOnODQUOD

o.OOOOOOOIOOooIooOooOOOOI000.000.00.-cocooooooooOo

noboaoooooocooooo 00655900GOODDOODODOODDDCOOO°DO°°°
ocuoac‘auocDcocooonoeoooac'cocoocoacaoaoooocoaeoooao
cocooOoaooooaoooOascooaouoaoaocooooooooeouoaacaooo
oooocficooODOOODOOOOODOOGDoanooooaoocoooccnOOooooo
o.000.000.00.00000.000000o000.00.00.00000000000003

D DOOOODOOOC’OODOBDOOGQODOO O OOOODOOOQOQDDOOOoOOC‘OCDOU
ooo;~~o¢o°oo°oo¢°o°ao°°oo coca Ocoooacoooooooceonoo
«unoccwoauauowoouagoceans—"Dc DDQDDQUDQODOOOWDDOOO
aoooeaoeoacoao”99999999950999”eaaeoaooeoooaaeoao

g......OOCOQOOQQOQQOOOCOOC.D.C....QOOQOOOOQOI.0...

aOcebceeacacaoBeaGOGGOBOOQcascaoeecaooaoeaooooeaoe
mmmwmoeocemoommoaoOonOooOGOODBDODDDQOODBOODOQDDOD
:naommnd¢omM°oOOOOGQ¢cssusageoocecskusksskNNDOOaaa
FWV‘I‘INNRNV-dv-‘oaou r-n-, ~"u_..,c° rv' |,-"I 3-‘ouogay-h gr“: \C'u~‘|fic3 3.3- H.-

cOOoOooOoOoooeooooooooooeoe...o.oeoo...ee000......

cooocua°oo°ocoooooooocouoococagouooooaoaeoooaoaaeo
rmmmmammcmmoaoooaooooooeeooaoopaopooc590999999990:
NMmkcnsscsusksrev~~d°ococcrcoorcooboocoocwccoeeofib
mmmmmwmmmmmmmmmmmwmmWQJ34433:;Jaaaa:aasca:ccoficc°°

Ugo amt—«.A.- Hu‘a UWHMUQWOWDQWHQUWUUODWWMUQ
onJ‘QQmmomDDSFWHOOOJOOQHDQJuanaJOUQUDEQJDUQQQUOUQJ
cm unmsa- 'o-INW“ O«NV/JV-UMDOQC(QCOCCOGCOCD‘OCDCCOOODOOO
agoouudquNNNNNMMnnfl”"MM?”"*M nnnnn Mnn””nnnnnoooooo
......0.0.0.0....00000000.....OQQQOOQOOOQOOOQ0....

94~~~onondn~oakao:oo«~:@€csoosnsodofiao~3¢osccauoou
omduuckswanmmum0¢:Nonsonmsowuwduwwudao¢0NwmoDecay
d"¢a~¢:g&H:NO-Hn4m¢~0o ac Hflfifld ”go “a
cuoaua~nnaasammmmmmmmmmowcocooooocoowooooeboaooooo
o.00-00000000000000.0000.one. .eeoeeoaoeeeoogeooeo.

nnfihaoeanOfioaemanebeanofinaeaaaefiefiae69630600 I O I I .
oomeOOQJOmoaoanoomfioooooaamomomamommomomamaaIII'a
«®H¢ONdMgHO¢ONomanNGOOON0m::nH~Ndno®OOQhNomitoell
a'rflNV‘mkutOkkkkkkhkkkkcc£®¢€00~D~D~D€o¢r hr-U‘U‘U- U'U‘U‘I O I v 0 o
0.00.00.000.000.000000000000.000.000.000...“ .0...

«NnJmONOOOdNMJmOKQOOdNWJW9KOGOHNMJmONQOOflNnJBONOOO
«a«da«dauuwwwwmwwwwwnnnnnnnnant::31:33:3m

'Number of weeks since end of force molting procedure

 

Chex and
Undergrades

Peewee

Egg Distribution
Small

Large Medium

and
Extra Large

Jumbo

Accumulated
Weekly
Average

Production standards-—Babcock B-300 (molted hens)

Hen Day
Egg Production

 

Weekly
Average

 

 

 

Table C.9.
Production‘

Weeks into

121

o noncomneomnonoooncaanoc. can oaooa crustacean acaocooaoo
ecoo:aoeeooeaeaeeeagooaoa00999999eoaacaaaacaaeoooa
mmmmmmmwmwwwOwwovwwowo~hsscocooooaucaeaDOouocaooaa
acocogooococooOQQGQQOOOQooooaoudunoccaoccccaa°c°9°

......OOOQOOO000.00.00.09000000000.....00000000000

a950°cacaococoooaeoaoeucaaoooeoaaoaec9965963909099
emgoooficoDDGODOOOOoceeDoDuoDoocoaaaocoocooocoaouac
a guaoooaoaooaooao engages:nouococeoaoccooaooaaofiwao
unoeooOOoeflOeOQQOaooeoonccoo:ooaeooocooaeacfleoaoao

a.....oo.oOa.oo.aao.o.ooo-o.aooa....a..oo.ao.aoo.o

oaaoocéoocsavour:Deacooonnomooccaaocoowoocuuoooea
CLDODQODOODDDGDOOGOOOOODQODDOBODQQBOOGQDQQDBODDDOCO
dot—09909QUDODODDDODO09900990099969ODOOODDQDUQODWUU
a969909996cocoon:oaoogaooaaocaeaocooeoeeconfinemec

I000.000.000000.00.000.000...00.000000000000000...

999999996aaaeaaeaaeoeeoooeoooeooe__-_ “

“mecca accoo30°00OOGODOOODaouoefiaancaggggccgonaaaa
2‘80!”SNHHO‘G‘OONN‘DOU‘U‘mm-YQJannnMNNNGBOODGODODDOBOODO
udduudddfiu "J "- )' -." I' ‘”\auc’r '" "Dw" an 7". u" 3 390- on‘. war. “ J" 7“ ;,
0.0.....-coo.cocoa....oOoooOOOooOcocoa-00000000000

 

ooooacoceoooeoaaacocoacoo0999999009999099990990999
oboooeooeocoeoeocoooeoeooooeaooeecocoa ceoacgeeeecae
onocd~~'¥8vvcckscc¢ooo@moGoaoooccooooeaecfioefioefifio
RNNNOQOGCQCOOGGGOODQCDODQ0090006099009999900999099

y put-Ma was... WeWuuhuwghuhuwUDWQWUUWUUQBHU
:' "3LJ’DUD'33U'JUJO " 3933.49 3. 30539309090396”): 3(3099039" 3'30.)
OCOOODCJI- ODE-“099990C’OCJODO“Q’DDDDD°°CIOOODGWODDOQOOOOQ
0909000900006090900909009HDQOOOODDOQODOGBQODQGDOQQ
aOooO-gtoooaaooaooooeoooaDoe-.0...00.09.00.000000.

“OHDUNUOJMHdNnCJHNJOQnNJONanN’OQGUQDOHOOUDDQQOHDB
NNmehonh”Cu‘nmmemJOnOaHMwwkhkkNDUaODUOOuDUoDODOO
”mJ'fismO‘mO "I: aO~u~n~Tmuuposr~v~c smooccocouuopfiouuoaca Joe
Ooawwnn:ammmmoooococoocomcoOoaoooocoooooooooooefimn

Q0.00....00.0.0.0...OOOOQOOQQ......goOQOOQOOOOOOO.

nanoaoammemsemonmeemewmoemawmemkoo00.09.000.000...
~~~~~ecu-mowasgoooooaou.o«uw~uNnno:‘ ...Qanwgtthii9ai
”nudn303 Hfiww comokkwomm::”~«dooocltnataoiaaainenun
mdwamwhcoorecoskkkssskkssskksswowlIsQOngoaoQ‘Qoo.q
Oso0900000000000000.000.000.0000.....GI'DIQIIIQIDI

«anmo»oao«~n:mokmoOAanmoNOOaawn:mosoaouwnemOsowo
HdflflfidfldfluNNNNNNNNNNHHMHMnMMMNJ88388138¢m

 

‘Number of weeks since end of force molting procedure

Chex and
Undergrades

Peewee

Small

Egg Distribution

Large Medium

and
Extra Large

Jumbo

Accumulated
Weekly
Average

Production standards-DeKalb 231 (molted hens)

Hen Day
Egg Production

 

Weekly
Average

 

 

 

Table C.10.
Weeks into
Production.

122

ODDDDDDODDOOQDOQQDODOODDDODOOQDOOOOOGOODCIOGGDDUODG
909990699Babe93969099690660”OGODDDODDDGQOOa.go.°°
5:34 gJJIDIDU‘Ihmwwo‘DOKNB'5KOODDOOO‘V v v v v
600660990DOODODODO990000015999o”oa°0°9°933°;;°p€63
0.000....000.00.900.00...0.0.0.090...sooaaloooosso

caucuses”9°09oaaoaooeaaeopooeooaeoaooooeaaaaeooooo
99609090000900onOoOQDQDOOGDoocaaooeccooaoeoOpaaco
560909000009000090699009000BDOGDODDOOGDODOOOOOWOD
005909006DDOOOQDOGDOQDOOQDDQQDDGGOOOQOODOMQQODBDn

o.00....00...oa.oo.ooto...OsggooooooooooaongosOOO

DODovouocooooo560906990009ooooaaoooooooooogaoooooe
069900036OB”000°9900596065699.9.9690099900099m9
G&NM=OCN’DUU cmuoenaocuabcnwDGNMJoth:Gmnaohnmabcuflaouuflocuaocmna
QODOOBQOD0009009:OOOODOOOOOQQDOOQBOODQ°°°O°°°°°O°°
.....soososooa..ooasssssssea.stones-000.000.0000..

-°_ ___ __ _
mNmmomQNmmaowocmcmmamNDammMeOOooococoaeoonaeooocoe
ONowm!JNddfl‘OOOOQGOONNkhowowOmmmmmGOGDBDGBOOQDOOQO
«ddddd—dddduod JJQDH '6') 30C-' .f -( QOO'JQ )fi'Jg-BO‘V‘CM)HGQ(JF>DHO
.00..O...0.00so...e..0000000000.00000......oootooo

 

ooaoooooooooogunpooecoaaocaoeegoecooeoeoaoocaoooao
r?omommnmwuemcocmoeoeooemmmomdgoe:oeoeooeooogoooec
“KNOOmJJMNdflQOQNmJJ"~dQQcNOKmWWJJHQOBGDOOODOCa 9696
mmmmmmvmmmmmmt3ca33:4:4nnnnnnnnnnneeecooeooeaaaeeo

NU‘NQD—JUOUO go .39: 3000 J
O‘HNOOOOOODOODODOQOO
U'U‘U‘mOODBDOOUOODGOQDO

000.000.000.00000000

.59?
o‘OqJ
0&95
.500

omsnm«o«~ooonu-soowaa:a«wmaoashssuouoououuacaycoc
.Nc«aKnookocdnnwoJ¢8konmhoOuwuHHHHOOOOOOHQHuGOQUU:
JNmN0m0“m59HNn4¢mmOw mksnskoc OQOOoOUaouudUauo-

oddwnna:mmmmoOacoocoo00000600000000090909609”390:0

nooamamnkounces-amunmeanonnmoenmoenmssouse. 00.0.0...
mammsooo~ocnnosanogmuoo~k~~n03r:@:noslIs‘IIOa'nI.‘
”KN”«OQOOGMOONK@¢¢m¢:”NNdHOOGO o FDICIQIIIOIIIQQII
odnaokskckkbkkhkbskkkkhhskkscoo $¢onosvnnnoco00900
..oaooo.oseason....soooosooos....o...‘.'........l.

dwn:mo~ooo«~n:m0~o¢o«~n:moscmodwn:mokowodun3m080fio
munddduu~~~~~~~~NnnnnnnnnnncacaCcccaam

 

*Number of weeks since end of force molting procedure

Chex and
Undergrades

Peewee

Egg Distribution
Small

Large Medium

and
Extra Large

Jumbo

Accumulated
Weekly
Average

Production standards-H & N Nickchick (molted hens)

Hen Day
Egg Production

 

Weekly
Average

 

 

 

Weeks into
Production‘

Table C.11.

123

aemlauupcoac’oooeucaaupcoaonnaoooooooubcoaomciooncooc
BDOoOOaODDDGBODQBDQOOa”OODgOBDODBOQOOQBBQODODODDO
emmwmmowcc~~ssccooowoowaoa«««««~eoeoo°oaooeuoooooc
6'$0300Ocuocaaaaapooooocaddddddddnaflonoagoa999596090

U00.00.00.000.0.00000000.000.000.000.0.0.0.0000...

DeccaoceanDooaoeocoonobeoOODOOQDOODQDauoeoaaoeaoaD
cuecooaoac9056999can:oDQHQOOeaoaoDoaOonOOOOoOGoOD
cocoa090650950959coonand:cacaooaaoaDanaa506990990
QDQDOODOODOOQODODDOGQQOOGF°D°°°DO°°O°°°°GDOOQ°°°°°

OI...0.00.00.00.000000000009000......00......00000

990°C)0099965699905699Daacvscaaoacaaor‘aom QOHQ,BGGOOD
96° 9°50°99Do9°99OQOOQOODDOOOBGOQBOQOOQDO 9009909099
DODOODOODDODUUQOOQDWOOODDDOOODQDOBOUOODQODQODOUUO
O9695699900990009nDOQOWDOQBOODOOOQO09999905999060

00.00.0000......-....sosoo...oooooooo...-0.0.0.000

cocoacocoaooaeoaaooooeeaoooaoaoooooc90099699990099
”a can Heeoooooaaaaaooocnnoa DoeaooeoaQDDQQOOQOoeea
cwoocosnwdoaoooocoooom34a3csnnnnooeooaooceaooeoooe
~~tVdev4dfidfifiHQ'nf'at; ~ mow» r- .-10uguagnm. wv'a-at'wuocva. a,
C.................................................

DOUQDOOUOODODOOOUDDJOBQU=QDGOOJDODOGJOOODG90999969
cacao999059009999009099399090990096caccoooaeoaaeoe
m83n~NHO$oekoou:nNaersmgm~N~«debeaoonageagaaeeoan
6¢o£¢¢wommmmmmmmmmmm8J34:acatcdtco€000090906600009

ubuuuupauuowuuwuuuuuuuc—yuuyowdauuuaucmuouuuuauuu
..g 33.;OL‘9aacadao—J.’ Jun, J’J'DUQ'J.‘ “aqua aaoDOQQOQDOO'JDOOO‘BGO
Kfiflnmbwdfi:Wc~¢dodmnmkoofi~nnmammmoueoccooococcc=°oo
DD—‘ddH—INNNNNNNNV)”HMMF)JJJ J .7 3 C a? J JDO-‘DDOOODDDOGOODOO

aCoos0.9.0...obooooooogoooo..s.sooosoO.000000.00..

uoNcN:nQU-Qcodnavo&mflSammmomok:OHQSDJDOQODQOODDUOOD
Dunc-00 GROW-4.1 MtVNWONJW'O'NLfiNO‘HNM-f JmuWaOOWOyGO¢DOOOO
No:Hahmonw@dn4o~oo0aouduuMNNNNNNuOuHDOUuouaOHUDuUu
OHdNNnJ3mmmcflfiooGockhkkkkkkskkkku°uoacufi°O°°0°°°°°

esogos.OOQOOsoo.ss.oo000.000.000.000000000000'0...

eosssescmmooumoumoumoumoumodmoums
ocmnnonsq:wam5n093h«mowoatnkacodi
~:O~Oh:m000mm:nnwudflo@o kcomm3nnn
“dNJmNQQDQQQOQQOQQOOQNNSNNNNNKKN!
so...0.00.0.alaofisocosOoooboooss§

«~n3mosomua~n:m0500°«~nemohowa«~n:m0s009a~n:m050oo
duaduaflduum~~-~NNNNnnnnnmmnnneaJeaceacem

'Number of weeks since end of force molting procedure

 

Chex and
Undergrades

Peewee

Small

Egg Distribution

Large Medium

and
Extra Large

Jumbo

Weekly
Average

Production standards-Hyline W-36 (molted hens)
Accumulated

Hen Day
Egg Production

 

Weekly
Average

into

Production‘

 

 

 

Table C.12.

Weeks

124

DDFDDDODOOQODOOOHOOoOOOODUDCODOODQDOQOOQDDODDDDODO
9996099999099eflaeooaOOQDe900999959DOeOOuDOOGBODQBO
\DW 0&5 p. on s s 0000 u D!) ca 0.3 .1 «...-«n ~~~~Nwwaeoaoaaoaaoaaaooa
oonoooooooaooaooeduudduduuuuddduaoaoc0999999000009

so00000000....oo....oo.ooo.ooa.oo.00.goose...to...

aoooooooooooo99909066onceaooooaeooaoaaeoeooooooocc
ocoooaOGDQODoaaoooooocan:goooooaceaoooepcacooeoaco
ooocacoooooooaoaooaocoao acocapanaceaaoaaoooooooaoa
”cacao9000990oceanooaaooaoobooOoeoacaoooooooboocoa
ooaslosso...oooo.o..oo....000...-000.00.000.0000-0

noouoooonsongboooocoogoacaoocooeooagpoaocgooaengoa
cacaooooocooauoooooaaoeoacocacocoaegocooeooooaooaa
oouvcouooooucooeocooo900°uuocoaaouaouoceuooooaoouo
aocoaaooocooceoooeccoaoaaoaooooeoaeoooaoogoaaooaou

onoaeeooooooaaaeoaooaaoeaacocaaaoc”05909990909699
cacaooooocoooeecooooaoeuccoccocusaoaoaoooooooooouoa
somawwooocoosoooo;:;;:33;nnnnnnnooooooooeooooooooo
fic4v‘do-1Hdw". 1' a “my. . -- sat .h anew-fir!“ . Jo vhgao-agoe T)‘ -n ‘t‘fa‘3¢~')u’ K:
O00.00.0000...OI000......OOOOOOOOOQQOQQOOQOOOQOOOO

coco:Oooouoo°oaoauoaooeuacuoooooooa99999999996999:
cocoooeoooeoeeoocoeooooecfiocecooaocoecoacobocoeeoe
"Jimétmmnfidooomma«ddOOssskocaawwooooeoaooboeoceaofi
mmmmmmmmvmmmacaaa;aannnnnnnnnnnnceooeoQanoeeooeoo

QUOQUuupOupuuoUuyuuouhQQQUuoyhahuuoeuuuuQUOUu QQQuU
t-JQJDQDUUQQDQJD,HQDQOQDU :JJ’UQUOOODDODQJOOOJoua)3)
Jam?Netoo~ncsgdd~mmmccottode«drnooocopooonccoccooe
NNNNNNNNfinnnW3333383:43333:3mmmm099099099900000099
000.00.009.0000000000O...so...0000.0000..000.000.0

OoanN «nsmmcot du~~~an '4;qu nu QNMNO'ocoaaaauooao-uoaqco
NNm:o«~~nnNNwN¢noaounmobhsboom3~ououaocgouoooooHoo
Ofi‘uOU‘HwonmNO-udmn33mU‘mU-U U-u-mwimu‘mu‘U-uD-AadquD-Ia—‘luduuu
uowwn::mmmmmco¢cOcooOooocooaocacoonouoooconaoaoaoa
......O...........................................

aonnooonaeaannaofinnoe0395696099600 OIIoOsOODODOOIIO I
NNNNNGmnMJ::mONOQ@9HHMJWmKQOOOdNI sqnns'niQninglen
oONNnNOOONngm:nHNNHOOOKNUsfinMNdQ.IIIIIIII...nil.Q
ousmcsksssksshssskssogccotccowoc0sonsOnDOIOoGs‘OIQ
...-oossagoaooaoooooo...-.oosso.‘.........ll..ii..

«Nutm0~o@o«~n:mokoOo«~”8moNovedwntmckomoquntmosoao
’ «andnuanu-~-~~-~nnnnnnnnnn¢aaacccsaem

 

‘Humber of weeks since end of force molting procedure

Chex and
Undergrades

Peewee

Small

Egg Distribution

Large Medium

and
Extra Large

Jumbo

Accumulated
Weekly
Average

Production standards-Kimber K-l37 (molted hens)

Hen Day
Egg Production

 

Weekly
Average

 

 

 

Table C.13.
Weeks into
Production‘

125

996:9oooooooruaogcapoanOOnnooacaoaaooeo°ohoacaeaoo
gacoocooaaoeeoacaooeoooooaoaooaoooaoc5999569999990
.73:mu‘mu‘uupwwwwskkNoococowoDuo-Dwo'wo'ooooaaoceoQOQOQQO
occur.»coonoooeat39:39aaeoaaouooacooocecocoacoaoeeoaoc

.......O...’...........O...’...........‘O.........

canoeoooaeoaooooooaaooDOc0065960990099090099969999
onpoooDOnoooaeaoaoooaaoabaooacaeoooa:OoeflcoaDDoaoo
a: can oooceooooo°aaaoooooo 3°09 Goon DOD: 9009999999009
eaooococoaoooeDOQOOnoaeaoaoooDQGQOQDOQOODGOQGOQOOQ

.a...goo.sososasOoooooooooooosoos000.00.00.0000000

aboaoonoebnoaanoc5995996anonamoooaaoooaoweeaooo
ococaooooooooaoooaceagnoaoeoaooeoooe0909690995059
acocoDDODODOOUODDBfiBDoWoDUUDDDOODHDDDOOI-D9°69 cocoa
ODDOGOOOOQOQDODBD999699005099BBQDB°O°B°B°°°Q9°Q¢369
0000.00.00.90.0000......0.00.00000.000.000.0000...

a999909990oeoeoooooaeoeoonooo09.999969900999999999
BODOQOmmODcOOOOODQOOOOOOnODQOODOOOODOODOGODBODODBO
“o’cfiaowfioOQficthoc¢000000QNNNNNNNKNNOOBOOBOOOOOOD
NW'u-u-u-tf) ar'hr‘n'auu .W tool: ,- :r- (’6‘ 3H v"n‘uu.,e" 't'..ua J'iuflnut‘
0..............OOOOOOQOOQOOOOOOOO00.00.000.000...-

c999099699ouoooooocooaooocooo999999999999900999999
mcomeoooocaeoooocoeaooecoogoeeaoaeoeaaeeoeeeoooooo
sGCKkksctnNNHaococcoccor@Cccoocoowocwcegofigeoceeoi
mmmmc.mmmmmmmmtacaaaaaas;:aaa:a::a::¢:_- _ -v

(cobquuwuuuuofifluwbt—aabu MMQQOuWWOI—nua 9M9
u~ a am‘aumma )03606005 19:39.: am. aaaogaqnag aim was ocoooco :0
sac«macadwnawcccccoccocC¢gccceococcsocoogocoooaoor
«quNNNV‘nfinhr‘fi’ nnnnnnmnmnnnm .Mnm’nnnnaOooomc‘OW‘ao
.................‘C...............................

memommwdndvaOOnnkeonoowomaunJQmoomwouoocooaconuou
:NmunkwwaDONukunfinmm930NmumO~n::aaadnoauoooHcauuou
wmunnomdcJthcaHNnnammmoctosukstsskuuoaooagoaudua
caduNNn::mmmmmOOOOoooooooooaoooocoooobeachooanooa

00's... 0 000.00.00.00.000900sass-so.00.000.000.00

In mmmu‘mu‘ousnnnsenmonme’chnmn-nnnomooooan

0000.00.00...
30:::Noho«swwonen:03mgmd«~sssmneswwmaswasnoaslat-D
NKNm HmdNNddfiOBOONO mm33n~«d«OOGO¢O ¢0sIIIIIaaDIQII
g3~rgo~¢c¢oocssssssssskkkssnshcccccfico0.000.000100
....ooooas.cacao-0.0000000000000.OoooIiI35'II.II.D

«~n3m050aodmfi3mok009d~n:m0k009awn:mobo@o«~n:mokOOa
wannaunwnw-~-~~~~~nnnnnmmnnmac:¢¢3accaw

 

*Number of weeks since end of force molting procedure

Chex and
Undergrades

Peewee

Egg Distribution
Small

Large Medium

and
Extra Large

Jumbo

Accumulated
Weekly
Average

Production standards-Shaver Starcross 288 (molted hens)

Hen Day
Egg Production

 

Weekly
Average

 

 

 

Weeks into
Production.

Table C.14.

126

goonooooooooouoaobbooooaooooooooooooooooo999900990
9599909990Dacooea90909QBBDDQ¢D°°DOOOQ0099999599999
assay:aaaa.7:3:aimmnmmmooo~~ss~~cooocwooaauwwwuwmwm
heooooeoanocaocaocageauoouoaocoocoocoflfiddddfidddddfl

....Q......O......O..........00......OOOOOOOOOOOO.

oaoooccocoooooooo099999999969900999990909909099909
DO oooacaooooooaaccooceaoc 9906 90099999 990900999999 6
9999999099900909909999999ooooaac999999999909909999
no°¢ooocaooogDQOQOQQDOoOOOnooocooooaoaoocoooocofico

g00.00000.00.000.00....00'o000000.00.0000000000000

ncocopoaooooooooofiooaoaoahoocoaoonacncooconaaeaoon
ococoQOOOQOOrooocaoeeoocaooeoeaooaocbaeaeaooooeea
onceococoouooooooooQOQOuOUDDo99999993999999 0999999

 

6009:- _ ‘ -‘29‘ __-:_-v__=:_,_-_ -
co copacmmooooaoooayaooo BOO OODDO occacugoacsaggoocnagt:
Omofimooocconsommu‘mmm:ca¢4nnnn~~~~~duunudu duvets-49d...“
anPNufio" ‘ ND ok")a|)ugtgw‘)- «vii-as lob—n.) ~ra._,.$r3 no :t'r‘go. :- QC:L$._"I
00.000000000.00.000.000.0000000000000000000000..00

a-ooaoeoooouoooocaoaoeuoaoucoooceoaooooocoooo99999
unecoooooocmoommemomow00w-OboeDoommceecoceeeeooaoofl
mnrocmmmvmmsaennn~~dueo¢occscmmmcs:::~~"°oc-oo@acoo
3mmokssssssssusskssssusoc¢cwwooocoowcocoommmmmmmmm

Oo0.0C.D.C....QOOQ33......00330.......OOOOOOOOOOQC

9999999999999 99999999 999999999w 99999999999999
9999 za'ammu JUNQJl-Nl‘olhgmcmuu uuoauo ummooacaoaearaaouagsa
coOoH~~~~nramo¢¢~~occaoeo~~ncmmmumcocksocoooccococ
MadddddddddddfiMduddufidNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ~-~~
..00.0.000000..s0.00.00.00.00...09.0000000.00.0.0.

«dd;dfiOoOnDGsONJoQOOOOJBdaOmOohmmuDQNOnhONMNNQQmHm
«momhhmcaomsowonoaus~h«JNouwnmmocsooommannwdaosomn
mocwwonvnoc-unmoNoouuduNNNNnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnNNNNNN
OOdNNHJ3mmm€WOOOOOKNNKKKNK”KKKNNKKNNKNNKLKNNNNNKKK
0000000000000000 g00.00.00oogoogoogoooo000000.0000.

«ududuwuduuoooamdacooaodmsnowmeamnmmaammaasaam:Omn
H00?Oanddddddw:a:3:QOomckOQQOQOHOngNNNNWn3::3mmme
wruao~tkons®ooc.;mn~~ufigocsnsoomoa{MnNNAuoowook 0m:
our:mkcooocciOQOOOOcQOONNNLKNKNNNNKNKKNNKN¢O¢0o0‘c
0000.00.000000000.00000000g00000ggooo000000.000.0.

«anmONQOBZNMIWONOOOANHJmONOOQdNM#mONOOOdm th osoou
WdflddddHHNNN ~~~N~nnnnnnmnnn:ccc383cc:m

 

'Number of weeks since and of force molting procedure

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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127

128

Creger, C. R., 1976. The use of zinc as a method of
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