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'2' . ~ - . b, .. ... -~;‘ _ > . ‘ .. ~ 7""! 1. y! “‘33., .A ,~ - :7: r ‘ . . m mfiz‘x,‘z..ur.;4 ‘ m. . ‘~Q\L.~ A . ‘-‘.‘.‘~‘ ‘r' Hum“. ;‘ ‘ Hi hid-xx. r n 1- ,. ._ A .A. .31.. v .‘-\-‘s. . ~«a\~ J"? u 1 I _ ‘ V v. ' . “I u “u {'3‘ ”$3.5; a." JV? .2‘1’ Kkgfiflfivs, " > kc” ‘ J n , ‘7)135‘“ 3.5-4." 'i- Mv’fiJn‘ nun.“ » ‘7. r . {03' ’ ' o‘ ‘ . ‘ 7 €- '5 5:. ; 45v f. ', ’,‘ 3:1; v) 3&4"). ~/ ‘ ‘5 ‘ , The Design of a High Pressure Fir. 9ystcm Lansing, Michigan A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of MICHIGAN §TATE COLLEGE of agriculture and fipplied science By George A. Hirghman Candidate for the Degrce of Bachclor of Science June 1930 fur-fists bo\-h\ DEBIOATION In recOgnition of the valuable information and cOOperetion which he has given me, I dedicate this thesis to Professor Frank R. Theroux. .101 "71} L0 FOREWORD The author presents in this thesis a study of the availing conditions minutely connected to the design of a high pressure fire system. It is hoped that the material will be of value to the city of Lansing should the need arise for a new fire system. The principal mercantile district of Lansing, Mich- igan is bounded by Shiawasse Street on the north, Grand fivenue on the east, Capitol fivenue on the west, and Kalamazoo Street on the south. It is located in the central part of the city, eight blocks long and two blocks wide, covering fifty-eight acres. The width of streets are such that the fire can be controlled within the block in which it originates. The district is divided into two loops. Loop one starting at the river running west to Grand, from there north to Shiawasse, thence west to Capitol, then south to Kalamazoo, west to Valnut, north to Allegan, east to Grand and north to Ottowa. Loop two starting at Washington and Skiawasse, south to Kalamazoo, east to Grand and north to Allegan. This system is patterened after an ideal fire system. One in which the pressures will permit a few hose lines t #3 be used direct from the hydrants, and which also will assure a continuously satisfactory flow under the heaviest demands, In the computations of the losses, the only one which needs to be considered is the friction loss. The loss due to bends, and fittings are so small that they may be neglected. The friction loss is computed for the severest condition possible. This is obtained by taking the farthest hydrant from source, the next hydrant and so on, until 9000 gallons of water may be obtained at one time. Each hydrant must deliver 1000 gallons or 250 gallons from each nozzle. 3.. Specifications Pretaining to Fire System Grade: The grades of the trench shall be below the frezing point in the ground. In Lansing that depth is five feet. The invert of the pipes shall be seven feet below the the surface at all points. Trench; The trench shall be 3'X7'. These dimensions. are the minimum for the assurance of the highest effic- iency from the system. lip e The pipe shall be of cast iron texture cons plying with the American Waterworks Association Stand- ards. They shall be 84* nominal inside diameter for mains and 16" nominal diameter for sub-mains. The lengths are not to exceed 13'. Hydrants: The hydrants shall be of bell connection tested to withstand 300 pounds hydraulic pressure. Each hydrant skall have four 3% inch nozzles with an 8 inch pipe opening. The spacing of the hydrants shall be such that each will serve 44000 sq. ft. of area. pump: The pumps shall be of the centrifical type capable of delivering 1500 gallons of water per minute at a constant pressure of 320 pounds with a head of 308 The location shall be at the foot of East Ottowa Street in the City Electric Light Puilding. source of Water: The source of water shall be the Grand River flowing through Lansing. Amount of Water: The amount of water shall comply with the National Board of Fire Underwriters. In this partic- ular case it shall be 9000 gallons per minute which is the minimum. Determination of Elevation of Drincipal Mercantile District. Bench Marks Southeast corner of Ghiawasse and Grand l34.98 Qoutheast corner of Capitol and Washtenaw l47.83 Conversion Factor Station Ghiawasse and Grand Ghiawasse and Washington Ionia and Capitol Ionia and Washington Ottowa and Grand Ionia and Grand Ottowa and Washington Ottowa and Capitol Michigan and Capitol Michigan and Washington 706.43 B. 3. 3.56 13.66 6.77 1. 4‘1 5.48 1.54 H. I. 137.48 135.51 148. ‘39 141.30 H to (D O 1.0 ()1 136.59 141.67 147.34 147.63 Elev. 33.85 839.39 841.74 135.33 847.15 140.73 841.47 135.05 833.78 137.36 830.19 133.77 843.75 136.33 844.44 138.03 853.66 147.34 844.74 138.33 Station Michigan and Grand Allegan and Grand Washtenaw and Grand Kalamazoo and Grand Kalamazoo and Washington Kalamazoo and Capitol Kalamazoo and Townsend Kalamazoo and Walnut Washtenaw and Walnut Allegan and Walnut Allegan and Townsend fillegan and Capitol Allegan and Washington Washtenaw and Washington Waahtenaw and Capitol Washtenaw and Townsend Grand River 11.04 7.64 3.57 10. 48 3.75 3.51 3.83 3.53 1.48 H. I. 140.70 138.38 139.30 138.88 144.43 151.90 153.37 158.61 159.44 157.03 154.07 153.33 148 . 95 146.97 148.65 150.56 F. S. 8.57 3.33 5.56 5.5 .16 3.10 5.77 6.37 4.86 7.81 5.3 3.47 3.31 Elev. 838.55 133313 841.48 135.06 840.06 133.64 836.80 133.38 850.68 144.36 855.33 148.80 854.55 148.13 861.11 155.69 859.93 153.51 857.67 151.35 855.33 148.80 853.89 147.47 141.14 848.19 141.77 853.60 145.18 853.67 146.35 831.68 ‘llllllllllu: irrfil‘lll s e o o s o v u o C ‘ O I o s e e s o . s . o L A 5’0 U T HIGH PRESSURE £735 535 TEM _ m r . . Hummnckitms.) 3. $2351.06...” T O n a _ 11:11:11.1: 1, :1: 1111.1: .11 I111 111.1.mw I I 1 .1 . . . a.“ 2111K, flu N m . . m . On A . . . , 6 v. . , , . / H M M ._ . 9, 0 V. e m N 1 a. M w A W :0 _ _ _ S .6 H M B U _ _ 5 . I . .1. o: n i _ . .M. W a .. . . . s \ / 5 u a .1 .5 $2033 .3. $23 4 a \ 5w. w 1.. 1111 1 1. 1 U I. n .o m B _ w . .3 . _\ . W . J . . E buuwhgo f. 1:. ,0. 1 1: ~ \ _ .5 9553.3 hasttow z a .. Ill. 1, W. 1m .1111 V W. O A fl W. . m . 1 A A . m. _. m _ . a .,. e _ m m _ . m ._, w m m . m m c g “i N o 1 N _o N ,111 W. o __ . r . N h” N>SQ kthxxxbexG M / W 1 . I . “u 011MH111111.-- ,1 f I ”1O 1.1.H11.11¢_wq Wu G 2 Z _. _ , _" _ H 1. . . _. 1_ a w _ 1 : ,- _ N m Hm A K _. _. , __ __ 1 , __011H111n111.111w11H1111 10411th 1.1:111H11. .1” .11. 1H 11“.“? V111-1ll11.11HH|2m.11n11111 _ 111.111. :11 H: [1 1 1 WHAWM: // .n . _. . .4 . w . 32332;: . $3433.“. ._ .. .1 111 a...» m .05... .31 on». 4 .02.. 0— .. .03. 1111”” . . . . . . R i _ A. _ a _ W _ .1 / 6 1 . . n. _ fl. _._ _ V 3.96 0., 1 1 13,0 . W fiiwkkfi§ w 1n ' 1 1 1 Q - [— fill—,1“..- i..- *1 1 1839 H v, i 3. Is I ‘3 3. 3 3a 1 J10 a _:1 .11: 0+1?“ M E _ w E 04 M a V . A . i v A FW— _ A 1 H . W. A _ W A w . a w 4 L W . . a M w . m _ m o m w M W 3‘ W A i M m Wu _ w . . x _ w. n 5. s _. a . s .. _ _@1l.111 11 .1-:,1. 111.111.11.11 11.111.— . 1.1.1 1.1 11 11 11 11 1111.0 . 1 ,. . . . . 1 fiOiWw .1111111 11%»1111.11.111 .11 1 6 w 5. 8323.15: . 133thka h _11 _. - -_ ._._s _a -1. .—.____. ,..1 _, .. .- 1 Jami. «£11..-. .. . 1-11.3211 .iuowo . vntJWLlr 11011.. .vl...!:‘|l1.l11|3\|...1.111 Illa 1110!?“ L .. T tgt’fn In. .--.— —___ 1 . n v I 1 1 ..__—«. __ _. .~r._ _ .— aw... CoHputation of Friction Losses in tho Mains Assume 16' pipe. Hydrant #1 Kalamazoo and Walnut L 2 396' Q :1000 gal/minute H.L. :.79X.396'=.31 Hydrant #3 Washtenawaand Walnut L = 83.5' Q .2000 Gal/Min. H.L:—'2.7X.0835= .82 Hydrant #3 Waahtcnaw and Townsend L = .330' Q :3000 Gal/Min. H.L. = ex.330 = 1.98 Hydrant i4 Waahtenaw and Walnut L‘1396' 0 24000 Gal/Min. H.L. ’3 10X.396 : 3. 96 Hydrant #5 Allegan and Walnut L = .330' Q = 5000 Gal/Min. H.L. :1 161.330: 5.38 Hydrant #6 Allegan and Townsend L = 88.5’ 0 z 6000 Gal/Min. H.L.'.: 30X.0835 =1.65 IO Hydrant #7 Washtenaw and Townsend L 2396' Q =7000 Gal/Min. H.L. = 301.396=11.88 Hydrant #8 Allegan and Townsend L -.- 330' Q =8000 Gal/Min. H.L. = 37X.33O =18.81 Assume 34" Pipe Hydrant #9 Capitol and Allegan L.=- 1810' from: source I. =3261' from source Assume Q =1' are 34 3.1.. 2.0375X1810 .07 Loss in L‘= 49§Z§1§-=.0207 3.361 Q:.65 1 - . Q :9000--5454 = 3546 Gal. H.L. : 3.4X1.810 = 4. 34 Total head 1036 = 41.08 Pressure loss: ié—g—g ': 17. 78 Pounds II Coet of Design 84" pipe: Length Weight Coet of pipe Coat of laying Total cost 16' pipe: Length Weight Coat of pipe Coat of laying Total cost Hydrant: Pumps: Number of hydrants Cost per hydrant Total cost Number of pumps Cost per pump Total cost Total cost: 34“ pipe 16' pipe Hydrante Pumps Toal 10,000 ft. 510.6 1b8./ ft. $0.035 / lb. $4.00 / ft. 3187000.00 3,400 ft. 333.8 1bs./ft. $0.035/ft. $3.00/rt. 830,073.80 51 $151.00 $7,601. 00 6 $3,880.00 $83,380.00 $187,000.00 $30,073.80 $7,801.00 $33,380.00 $317,953.80 I2 All the important features closely connected to a fire system have been presented. It has been shown that the cost is not beyond the economical value. The total cost to each taxpayer would be S$2.60 to install the system. The benefits of such a system would be the lowering of the Fire Insurance rate which would be ac- cepteble to the taxpayers; also, the damage due to fire would ’ be material 1y lessened. BIBLIOGR ADHY Lansing Engineering Department Lansing Fire Department Lansing Electric Light and Water Board National Board of Fire Underwriters Public Water fiupply -— Turneaux and Russell Textbook on Hydraulic -- Russell Glow-National Pipe 00. -- Chicago Ill. Darling Valve 00. -— Williamsport, pa. Ludlow Valve 00. -- Troy, N. Y. Yoeman Pump 00. -— Chicago, Ill. Goulds Pump Ina; -- Qeneca Falls, N.Y. Dayton-Bord Co.~- Quincy, Ill. Engineering News Record. American City. MWITIWHSIIWIW “W WITlHWIWIIWITIES 3 1293 0301L 3406