BUS 17BUS 18BUS 21BUS 22BUS 19BUS 16BUS 14BUS 13BUS 12BUS 11BUS 24BUS 15BUS 3BUS 9BUS 10BUS 6BUS 8BUS 7BUS 2BUS 1BUS 5BUS 4BUS 23BUS 20cablecable230 kV138 kVsynchronous condenser 1. Arbitrage market data (LMPs)2. Regulation market data (RMCCP, RMPCP, RegD signal, etc)1. RTS system data2. Component reliability data3. Annual hourly SOC1. Arbitrage market data 2. Regulation market data 3. Tdown4. SOCdown Annual hourly SOC1. Tdown2. SOCdown3. Reliability Indices4. Value from outage mitigationRevenue from arbitrage and regulation market.InputOutputIIIIII1. Time interval when system is in down state, Tdown2. SOC at system down time, SOCdown3. Reliability Indices4. Savings from mitigation of outages 0102030405060708090100SOC (%)0500100015002000250030003500Frequency 0123456789101112131415161718192021222324Time (h)0510152025Capacity (MW)0102030405060708090100SOC (%)ParbcParbdPregSOC 12345678910Number of Cluster (k)0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Total Sum of Squred ErrorsElbow Point 012345678910Additional Load (MW)0.0440.0450.0460.0470.0480.0490.05EDNS (MW/yr)Base+ESS+VLBaseBase+ESS012345678910Additional Load (MW)0.0440.0450.0460.0470.0480.0490.05EDNS (MW/yr)Base+ESS+VLBaseBase+ESS 012345678910Additional Load (MW)0.0440.0450.0460.0470.0480.0490.05EDNS (MW/yr)Base+ESS+VLBaseBase+ESS012345678910Additional Load (MW)0.0430.0440.0450.0460.0470.0480.0490.05EDNS (MW/yr)Base+ESS+VLBaseBase+ESS 012345678910Additional Load (MW)0.0430.0440.0450.0460.0470.0480.0490.05EDNS (MW/yr)Base+ESS+VLBaseBase+ESS012345678910Additional Load (MW)0.0430.0440.0450.0460.0470.0480.0490.05EDNS (MW/yr)Base+ESS+VLBaseBase+ESS Case 1&4Case 2&5Case 3&60102030405060708090100Capacity Value (%)withwithout (a)(b)(c)Search space Optimal solutionSub-optimal solutions Run the OPF for the base caseEncode the bus numbers by binary coding and initialize a random population of stringsStopNoYesRank the LMP of the buses and renumber the buses with their LMP ranksEvaluate each string in the population with new renewable energy sources by running OPFTermination criteria satisfied?StartPerform reproduction on the population;Perform crossover on random pairs of strings;Perform mutation on every stringEvaluate string in the new population with new renewable energy sources by running OPF (cid:6)(cid:6)     02040608010002468Number of Cycles to EOL104SEI Model020406080100020040060080010001200Degradation Cost ($/cycle)Linear ModelSEI ModelDOD (%)(a) Number of Cycles vs DODDOD (%)(b) Degradation Cost vs DOD 00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Degradation Cost Weight(a)2000400060008000100001200014000$/yearAverage Annual Energy Arbitrage Revenue Case 1: [20% 80%]Case 2: [30% 90%]Case 3: [10% 90%]Case 4: [15% 95%]00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Degradation Cost Weight(b)2345678$104Lifespan Energy Arbitrage Revenue Case 1: [20% 80%]Case 2: [30% 90%]Case 3: [10% 90%]Case 4: [15% 95%] 00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Degradation Cost Weight0102030405060708090100Probability (%)state 1state 2state3 00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Degradation Cost Weight(a)75008000850090009500$/yearAverage Annual Resilience Value (Type 1)Case 1: [20% 80%]Case 2: [30% 90%]Case 3: [10% 90%]Case 4: [15% 95%]00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Degradation Cost Weight(b)3456789$104Lifespan Resilience Value (Type 1)Case 1: [20% 80%]Case 2: [30% 90%]Case 3: [10% 90%]Case 4: [15% 95%] 00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Degradation Cost Weight(a)1.21.251.31.351.41.451.51.55$/year105Average Annual Resilience Value (Type 2)Case 1: [20% 80%]Case 2: [30% 90%]Case 3: [10% 90%]Case 4: [15% 95%]00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Degradation Cost Weight(b)0.40.60.811.21.41.6$106Lifespan Resilience Value (Type 2)Case 1: [20% 80%]Case 2: [30% 90%]Case 3: [10% 90%]Case 4: [15% 95%] 012345678910Year80859095100SOH (%)Case1w=0w=0.1w=0.2w=0.3w=0.4w=0.5w=0.6012345678910Year80859095100SOH (%)Case2w=0w=0.1w=0.2w=0.3w=0.4w=0.5w=0.6012345678910Year80859095100SOH (%)Case3w=0w=0.1w=0.2w=0.3w=0.4w=0.5w=0.6012345678910Year80859095100SOH (%)Case4w=0w=0.1w=0.2w=0.3w=0.4w=0.5w=0.6 012345678910Year6065707580859095100SOH (%)Case 1: [20% 80%]Case 2: [30% 90%]Case 3: [10% 90%]Case 4: [15% 95%]012345678910Year6065707580859095100SOH (%)Case 1: [20% 80%]Case 2: [30% 90%]Case 3: [10% 90%]Case 4: [15% 95%] 00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Degradation Cost Weight0.80.911.11.21.31.41.5$105Lifespan Stacked Value (Type 1)Case 1: [20% 80%]Case 2: [30% 90%]Case 3: [10% 90%]Case 4: [15% 95%]00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Degradation Cost Weight0.50.60.70.80.911.11.21.31.41.5$106Lifespan Stacked Value (Type 2)Case 1: [20% 80%]Case 2: [30% 90%]Case 3: [10% 90%]Case 4: [15% 95%]