o 
o 
 

 












    
 

 

o 

















































































































So let™s say that you have a sample of water and a sample of KCl, and you mix the two of them together and you observe that the temperature increases. Why do you think the temperature would increase upon mixing? 


So if you drew it out, I guess, (DRAWING) it would turn (pause) it would become hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide. Yeah. And because of the breaking – of bonds it would 
release energy. 


























































So yeah, that was something 
that was confusing. So what is happening here is as the temperature increases? I guess that means that the bonds in the product in the solution 
are greater than the bonds in just the regular KCl. So what™s happening is the water is breaking apart and dissolving this KCl and then it™s forming these hydration shells around it. And the interactions with the KCl and the water are stronger. And so, when the bond is formed that, of course, releases energy. So the reason that the heat of the surrounding water is increasing is because this system right here is giving off energy because the new stronger interactions are being formed and that gives off energy













































































































































































































































 







 
 

 
 











































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































 








































































 
 





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































˜






























 













































































































































































































˜
























˜






































































 










































˜














































































































































































































































 



















































































































































































































































o 
  o 

 
 







 o 
o  

 





 
o o  
o 


o 









o 
o 





    
 

 

o 






 

 
 



 

o 


 
o o 

o 









  





 
  














































































































 

o 



o   
 


 

  
o 



 


 

 

o 


o  
 

o 






 o 

o  
 


 



  

 






 


o 


 

 


 








o 





 o 
o 
  
 




 
 


o  
  

  
 
o 


o 
 
 
o 



  o 


o